2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习--专题九　推理判断

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2023
ὃᦟᩞ᱐
ὃ⚪ᳮᑨPassage1In2007,theAfricanUnionannouncedanambitiousproject-toplanttheGreatGreenWallGGW
,abandoftreesthatwouldstretchthelengthoftheSahel.TheGGWisanecologicalrestorationprojectdesignedbyAfricanpeopleforAfricanpeople.Heavyrain,droughts,wildfireandlandslideshaveallbecomecommonthroughouttheworld.ButnowhereisquiteliketheSahel.InthishugeAfricanregion,climatechangehasmaterializedinadramaticmanner.Insomecases,thesevereconditionshaveleftpeoplewithnooptionotherthantomigrateelsewheretosurvive.Itwaswithallofthisinmindthattheextraordinary,butheavilydebatedprojectwasfirstputforward.Fourteenyearshaspassedsincetheinitiativeformallykickedoff.Thestatedgoalwastocreatea15-kilometre-wide,8,000-kilometre-longgreenbeltoftreesandotherplantsthat,by2030,wouldspantheentirewidthoftheSahel,fromSenegaltoDjibouti.Overall,100millionhectares⚕
oflandwouldberestoredby2030.Oncecompleted,itwasannouncedthatthewallcouldendupcapturing
25
milliontonnesofcarbondioxide,whileitscreationandupkeepcouldcreatetenmillionjobsinruralareas.Lookingattheprojectasawhole,there9sstillalongwaytogo.AccordingtoastatusreportbytheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification,aboutfourmillionhectaresofdegradedlandhavebeenrestored.Thismeansthatprogresstowardsthe100millionhectarestargetstandsatjustfourpercent.“Whenwestartedrestoringthesoil,werealizedtheareaatriskwasmuchwiderthanweinitiallythought,explainsElvisPaulTangem,theAfricanUnion'sGGWcoordinator.€tWehadfewfundstopushtheinitiativeasmuchaswewantedto.Therewasskepticismamonginvestors,whodidn'tunderstandtheproject,butalsoamongtheAfricanstatesthemselves,whichneededtimetofigureoutiftheGGWwasapriority.^^1.WhatisthepurposeoftheGGWproject?A.Toimprovelocalecology.B.Todevelopruraleconomy.C.Topredictclimatepatterns.D.Tostrengthenregionalties.1⚓ᐳ67⚓

12.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3showoftheinitiative?A.Theserviceperiod.B.Thetotalbudget.C.Thetargetedgroups.D.Theexpectedbenefits.3.HowdoesElvisPaulTangemfeelabouttheproject?A.Skeptical.B.Worried.C.Confident.D.Satisfied.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthetext?A.Africancountriesshouldstandtogether.B.TheprogressoftheGGWprojectisslow.C.Fightingclimatechangeisourtoppriority.D.Naturaldisastersareworsethanwethought.ᫀ!"#$%&ᦻ()*ᦻ஺ᦻ,-⌕/01“345⁐78”:ᑜGGW
Ḅ=>?@஺1.Aᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷BCDEGGWFD⚗34H(34HI:ḄJ᝱LMN஺OP,GGW⚗RḄRḄᙠTᦋᗐWᙢJ᝱஺ᦑ⌱A஺2.Dᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷B[C\Ḅ“]^15ᓟ`a,8,000ᓟ`7Ḅbᱥ5ᓄe”“ឮTZ⚕gᙢ”“2.5hᔴjᓄk”“l⌼1000noMpqr”OPstuᦪwxFGGW⚗RḄ⚜zᦈ|஺ᦑ⌱D஺3.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷Bᨬ~DCᑁᡃᨵᩭᢥ⌕Ḅ᪵⚗R஺ᢗὅ\ᝰᶧ᝱sᳮ#⚗Rs34¡¢£¤ᝰᶧst◤⌕¦§¨⚗RFF©ª⚗R஺OP,ElvisPaulTangem«⚗RF¬Ḅ஺ᦑ⌱B஺4.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷B®C¯᦮±ᩭ²s⚗R³ᨵ´7Ḅµ⌕¶஺᪷B·ὶᔠ■»₠½ᓄ¾¿?᝱ÀÁÂÃsᜧ¾400n⚕⌨ᓄgᙢÆÇឮ஺tÈÉᕡḼឮ1h⚕ḄR᪗ÍÎᡂ4%஺OPspὅᙠ&ᦻÐÎḄÑÒF:GGW⚗RÔÕÖ᠒஺ᦑ⌱B஺Passage22⚓ᐳ67⚓

2OnFridayJanuary14,2022,ablastwasheard2,000kmawayinNewZealandand3,300kmawayinAustralia.BoatscrashedintoaquietharborinSouthernCalifornia,aremoteislandwasbatteredinJapanby4-footwavesandtwowomenwereswepttotheirdeathsonabeachinPerusome6,000milesfromanunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe.ButonSunday,asreportsofthevolcano'seffectcrowdedinfromfar-flungcountries,therewaslittlewordfromTonga,theislandnationjust40milesfromthesiteoftheextraordinaryexplosion.Asconcernsfromallovertheworldgrew,thenationofabout100,000peopleremainedlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld,itsunderseaInternetcablesknockedoutofcommissionbythevolcano.InTongaonSunday,manyresidentslostnotonlycommunicationchannelsbutelectricpower.Upto80,000peopletherecouldbeaffected,theInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocietiestoldtheBBC.NewZealandandothernationsintheregionpledgedtogiveTongaaidtorecover.Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneashmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcaniceruptionin2021,itwasdifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.Ardern,NewZealandPrimeMinister,saidflightsoverTongawereplannedforMondayorTuesday,dependingonashconditions.Tongahasexperiencedasuccessionofnaturaldisastersinrecentyears.In2018,morethan170homesweredestroyedandtwopeoplekilledbyCycloneGita,aCategory5tropicalstorm.In2020,CycloneHaroldcausedabout$111millionindamage.1.Whichcountrywasn'taffectedbyTongaunderseavolcaniceruptions?A.America.B.Japan.C.Peru.D.Iceland.2.Howmuchareaoftheseawaterdidthevolcaniceruptionstir?A.20%.B.30%.C.50%.D.70%.3.Whichphrasecanreplacetheunderlinedwords"outofcommission”?A.outofactionB.outofrangeC.outofexistenceD.outofaccount4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TheIcelandvolcaniceruptionin2021madenearbyflightsdelayed.B.NewZealandaswellasothernationsintheregiongaveTongaaidtimely.3⚓ᐳ67⚓

3C.FlightscouldreachTongatwodaysaftertheeruption.D.TheunderseavolcaniceruptioncausedsevererdamagetoTongathaneverbefore.ᫀ!"#$%&ᦻ(ØÀ⍝஺Wᙢ¦2022Ú1ᨴ14ÜÝÞßàáâãJäåæçèã,éêë᜜í\ὶîsï¦ðãäᗊ,òóôoÝÞßõö¡஺1.D÷⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷BDC\Ḅ“NewZealand',l'Australia,HtSouthcmCalifornia"“Japan”ù“Peru”OP,D⚗úàûü&ýáâäåæçèãḄòó஺2.C÷⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷BDCᨬ~DE\Ḅ“thetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe”&ýäåæçèãðþḄäᗊᤅ
ᙢᳫḄᤅ
50%ḄḄ஺ᦑ⌱C஺3.A⚪஺᪷!"Ḅ“$ᨵḼᜧ(10)*+Ḅ,-.ᯠᙠ1ᜧ23456◞8”:;<=Ḅ>?@ᵯBCDEᵨ;ᦑA⚗HCDIJ;LMNOPᔠR᛻஺4.A:ᳮᑨV⚪஺᪷W!HXYᵫ[\]"^_3ḄᮞE\"abcdCD.f᝞2021hijk᪵;mn1o⍝<=◤⌕stu:A⚗2021hij⌼ᡂ▬yaz{|f}஺Passage3It'snosecretthatwalkingisgoodforyou.Manyofusaretryingtogetinthoserecommended10,000stepsadaythatourwearablefitnesstechnologyurgesustoachieve.Buthowmanycaloriesareweactuallyburning,andhowcanwegetthemostoutofthosesteps?Findanswersintheseways.Doyouknowthetruthaboutcalorie-burning?Walkingisamoderateintensityformofexercise.Togetthemostcalorie-burningbenefits,then,itwouldseemthatwalkingataconsistentlylightpacewouldmakethemostsense.Payattentiontoyourheartrateandhowyoufeel.Wearabletechnologiescancertainlyprovideanideaofprogresstowardyourcalorie-burninggoals.Usingfitnesstrackerequipmenttohelpyourecognizewhenyoureachyourtargetheartratezonescanhelpyoumaximizethecalorie-burning.4⚓ᐳ67⚓

4Walkingisoftenconsideredasagreatfat-burningexercise,andforgoodreason.Youcan'treallywalkathigherintensitiesbecauseofthenatureoftheexercise;therefore,youendupinlow-intensityzones,whereyoutendtoburnmorefat.Whenyou'rewalkingatalighterintensitywithyourheartrateinthe57%to63%range,youaremorelikelytobeusingfatforfuel.Nomatterwhatyourspeedis,formmatters.Whendonewithgoodform,walkingisanincrediblybeneficialformofexercisefortotalhealthandwellnessbeyondmerecalorie-burning.Moreover,walkingisthemostaccessibleformofexercisebecauseitdoesn'trequireanyspecialclothes,equipmentormemberships.Whetheryourgoalisfatloss,increasedfitnessorsimplyenhancingyouroverallhealthandwellness,walkingoffersallthesebenefitsandmore.l.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Tocomparewalkingwithotherexercise.C.Toexplainthewearablefitnesstechnology.D.Toshowtheimportanceof10,000stepsaday.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensity“inParagraph2mean?A.Depth.B.Strength.C.Height.D.Distance.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Walkingathighintensitiesisrecommended.B.Yourwalkingspeedisthemostimportanttocalorie-burning.C.Walkingcanburncaloriesbetterifyouwalkinaproperform.D.Itismoreconvenienttowalkforthosewhohaveagymmembership.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Walking10,000StepsaDayMattersB.WalkingBenefitsYourHeartC.HowtoBestBurnCalorieswhileWalkingD.HowtoUseWearableFitnessTechnologieswhileWalking\uᩈ5⚓ᐳ67⚓

5Rᦻᦻ஺ᦻ
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½dᨬᜧὑḄᡂᦔ,¿ÀÁᢝ¯ÃÄḄ«ÅÆÇᨬᔠᳮ஺,Yk"ÈÉ3ḄNÊË஺ᦑB⚗HÉ3f}஺3.C:ᳮᑨV⚪.᪷ººஹW!HÍίÏÃḄÉ3Ð᳛ᙠ57%n63%ÒÓÔ;ÎÏᨵDᙠᵨᾦÖJ×ᧇ஺ÙÚtu᪵ḄÛ3,ÊË1Ü⌕஺C⚗H᝞Ýίᔠ〉ḄÊË;ßDÏàᙢὑf}஺4.C¹á⌕⚪.᪷kᨬ!HX▭4ᡃ£ὑ
¤¥¦§ᡃ£¨᝞©ᐙᑖᑭᵨªs«ᦪᕖ?ᵨ¯°±²³ᫀ஺C⚗H᝞©ᙠÔᨬàᙢὑPᔠᦻ¹á஺Passage4Peopleplaythelotteryâãinthehopeofwinningmoney,sometimesalotofmoney.Yourchancesofwinningaresmall,butthepay-offscanbebig.Ittakesalotoflucktowin.ButforawomaninMassachusetts,winningthelotteryinvolvedmorethanluck.Itinvolvedextremehonestyandkindness.LeaRoseFiegaaccidentallythrewouta$1millionlotteryticket.Butthankstothekindnessandhonestyoftheownersofthestorewheresheboughtit,sheeventuallycollectedherwinnings.Fiegaboughtthe$30DiamondMillionsscratch-offticketinMarchataconveniencestoreinSouthwick,Massachusetts.Thestoreisnearherworkplace.AnditisnamedtheLuckyStop.Shesaid,“Iwasinahurry,onmylunchbreak,andjustscratcheditreallyquicklyanditdidn'tlooklikeawinner...So,shehandedittothestoreownerstothrowaway.Theticketlayinthestorefor10days.4tOneevening,Iwasgoingthroughtheticketsfromthetrashandfoundoutthatshedidn'tscratchthenumber/9AbhiShah,thesonofthestore'sowners,toldalocaltelevisionstation.So,hescratchedthenumber.Itwasa$1millionticket.Fiegaisaregularcustomer.So,thefamilyknewimmediatelywhohadthrownitaway.Shahwenttoseeheratwork.Fiegasaid,“Hecametomyofficeandsaid,4Mymomanddadwouldliketoseeyou.^^^Shetoldtheyoungmanthatshewasbusyworking.Buthesaid,“No,youhavetocomeover.,,6⚓ᐳ67⚓

6So,Fiegawenttothestoreandthatwaswhenthefamilytoldherthenews."Iwasintotaldisbelief/'Fiegasaid."Icried.Ihuggedthem.^^Thestoregets$10,000fromthestatelotterycompanyforsellingthewinningticket.Fiegasaidshegavethefamilysomemoneytothankthem.Sheissavingtherestforretirement.1.WhatmadeFieganearlylosehergreatfortune?A.Greed.B.Kindness.C.Generosity.D.Carelessness.2.HowdidFiegainitiallyexpectthestoreownerstohandleherticket?A.Bygettingridofit.B.Bysellingittoothers.C.Bykeepingarecordofit.D.Bykeepingitforher.3.WhydidShahinsistthatFiegagotoseehisparents?A.Totrickherintogoingbacktotheirstore.B.Todivideupthelotterywinnings.C.Toreturnthelotterytickettoher.D.Toidentifytheownerofthelotteryticket.4.Whichwordbestdescribestheoutcomeoftheincident?A.Unfair.B.Win-win.C.Regrettable.D.Uncertain.ᝅ+
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8l.WhatcontributedtoWilson'spassionforants?A.Hisaccidentaldisability.B.Thediscoveryhemadeaboutants.C.Theschooleducationhereceived.D.Hisboyhoodtimespentinnature.2.WhatisWilson'sfirstPulitzer-winningbookabout?A.Thesocialstructureofants.B.Thedistributionofdifferentspecies.C.Thelinksbetweenbiologyandhumanculture.D.Theroleofchemicalsignalsincommunication.3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichwordbestdescribesWilson?A.Humorous.B.Humble.C.Open-minded.□.Independent.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.ThePioneering“AntMan”B.DiscoveriesinEvolutionaryBiologyC.ALeadingFigureinPopularScienceD.TheAdventureofaPulitzerPrizeWinnerᐻuᩈᦻᦻ஺ᦻ¡¢£“⇩X”᰿§¨©ª«Ḅ¬®¯!Ḅ°±ᡂR஺1.D0⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷ᨬ3³4©ª«ᙠ´µ¶᪍¸¹¬ºᱥ¼½ᜧ7ᐸ¼À´◅Â@ᜫQÃᑖÅÆ7Ç´◅|ÈÉ@⇪⇩®ᐸËÌ᪀ḄάÏÐBC7@ᙠnᯠÒ¼ÓÔḄÕÖUᐝØᡂ@⇪⇩Ḅ⏙᰿஺ᦑD⚗ÛÜ஺9⚓ᐳ67⚓

92.A0⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷Ý43ᩭ7ᙠ1990Ö7©ª«¸§Þ¬ᱥßWBertHRldoblerà᱐@AÃâᑭãᝄäᝄåæç⇪⇩è஺åæé0êëVì᧎îḄËÌ᪀……BCA⚗ÛÜ஺3.BKᳮᑨM⚪஺᪷ᨬ34V~ᡂR9@ðñòóôõḄᙢö7Ç÷ø¸ùAúfVöᨵüýḄᓭXÿᯠ
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.₫஺ᦑ⌱Bo4.A⌕⚪஺᪷!"ᔠᐰᦻ&ᦻ'()“⇩,”᰿Ḅ/0123Ḅ45ᡂ7ᦑA⚗9:;ឋḄ“⇩,”=ᔠ&ᦻ஺Passage6Scientistshavelongsoughttopreventsharpmemoriesfromdullingwithage,buttheproblemremainsunsettled.AnewstudypublishedinScientificReportssuggestsvirtualrealitymighthelpolderpeoplerecallfactsandeventsbasedonspecificdetails.Thestudyinvolved42healthyolderadultsfromtheSanFranciscoBayArea.Halfspentadozenhoursoverfourweeksplayingavirtual-realitygamecalledLabyrinth;theyworeheadsetsandwalkedinplace,walkingvirtualneighborhoodswhilecompletingsmalltasks.Theotherhalf,inthecontrolgroup,usedelectronictabletstoplaygamesthatdidnotrequirerecallingdetails.After15sessions,thelatterperformedroughlythesameasbeforeonalong-termmemorytest.ButtheLabyrinthplayersgainedanimprovementinmemorythroughtheVRgame.AscientistPeterWaisoftheUniversityofCaliforniasaidtheimprovementsbroughtthemuptothelevelofanothergroupofyoungeradultstakingthesamememorytests.MeredithThompson,aneducationresearcher,studieslearningthroughVRgamesbutwasnotinvolvedinthenewstudy."Itwouldbegreattoactuallyfollowpeopleovertimeandseewhatthistypeofgamedoesforlong-termmemory,"shesays,addingVRcanprovidegreaterinvolvementthanothergames.Wais'steamisnowinvestigatinghowlongtheobservedeffectslastandwhichelementsofthetraininghavethemostimpact.Acognitivepsychologist,DanielSimons,whowasalsonotinvolvedinthestudy,notesexperimentswithothergamesthatclaimtotrainthebrainhaveoftenfailedtoevaluatethis.Anditremainsunclearhowtestperformanceinalaboratorysettingmighttranslateintoreal-worldsituations.uTheoutcome,Simonsnotes,“needstoberepeated,ideallywithamuchlargergroup,beforeifstreatedasastrongfinding/9Fornow,Waissays,theteamhopesitsstudieswithsimilar-sizedgroupswillhelpdrawfundingtotestthegameinalargerpoolofparticipants.10⚓ᐳ67⚓

10l.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Virtualrealitymaybetterolderadults9memory.B.OldpeopleshouldplayVRgamestoavoidaging.C.Virtualrealitymightchangepeople'smemory.D.People'smemorytendstofadeasthey9reaging.2.WhatisMeredithThompson'sattitudetotheresearch?A.Uncaring.B.Cautious.C.Worried.D.Satisfied.3.Whydoestheresearchneedimprovingaccordingtothescientists?A.Itfailedtoreceivefinancialsupport.B.Itcouldn'tbeappliedintherealworld.C.Thetestperformancewasunsatisfying.D.Limitedparticipantsmadeitunconvincing.4.Wheremaythetextcomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Abookreview.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Asportsmagazine.ACBDEFGHI&ᦻJKLᦻ஺ẆNOPQPRSTὁV,WXY᧖,ᦋᗐ^X_஺1.A⌕⚪஺᪷`9abcdefghḄ⚗iḄẆN⊤LQPRSTὁV,WXklmᐹop⁚ḄrsrtA⚗9QPRᦋᗐὁV,Ḅ^X_uv஺2.Bwᳮᑨz⚪஺᪷{|Ḅ“ᦟ~ẆNᕒMeredithThompsonQPẆNcᨵ⚗iẆN஺᝛K▭,ᯠQP^Xᨵ᪵Ḅ
¡஺“'MeredithThompson£ẆNᢝ¥¦Ḅ᝱¨஺11⚓ᐳ67⚓

113.Dwᳮᑨz⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪ`ᨬSimonsᢣ£ẆN"®ᙠ°±J²ᜧOP´µ,◤⌕·¸¹ᨬ¡ºᙠ»ᜧḄ¼o|wὅᦪ¾ᨵ▲À3ẆN"®ÁRÂ,ÃÄ஺ᦑ⌱Do4.Cwᳮᑨz⚪஺᪷&ᦻPḄ“Scientists""Anewstudy,,uScientificReports""Thestudy""researcher”ÅÆÇw,&ᦻÈmbcẆNÉPᙠbcᩖË஺Passage7Facebookhaslauncheditsfirstpairofsmartglasses,whichhousespeakersandcameras,builtwitheyewearfirmRay-Ban.Theglasses,whichareavailableinarangeofcoloursandstyles,arepricedat£299andwillbeavailablefromSeptember13.CalledRay-BanStories,theglassesfeaturetwofive-megapixelcamerastotakephotosandvideos,aswellasbuilt-inmicrophonesandspeakersenablinguserstomakecallsandlistentoaudio.Theglassesalsocomewithbuilt-inLEDlightstoletpeoplenearbyknowwhentheweareristakingaphotoorvideoandpairwiththenewFacebookViewapp,whichenablesuserstosharecontentfromtheglassesontheirsocialmediaaccounts.Announcingthenewhardware,Facebookacknowledgedthatprivacywasakeyissueithadbeenlookingtoaddresswhencreatingthenewdevice.t4Aswithanynewdevice,wehaveabigresponsibilitytohelppeoplefeelcomfortableandprovidepeaceofmind,andthatgoesnotonlyfordeviceownersbutthepeoplearoundthem,too,?,thesocialnetworksaidinablogpost.Facebooksaiditwouldalsoofferguidancetousersonhowtosafelyusetheglasseswithregardtoothers.“We'vedevelopedguidelinesforwhatisandisn'tanappropriateuseoftheglasses,someofwhichsurfacerightintheappduringon-boarding,andwhichareavailableinfullonlineonourdedicatedprivacymicrositeforRay-BanStories?9“Thesetipsincluderespectingpeople'spreferencesiftheyaskyoutostoprecordingordon'twanttobeinaphotoorvideo,notcapturingphotosandvideoswhiledriving,andturningofftheglassesinprivateareaslikeplacesofworship,adoctor'soffice,orlockerrooms.”1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.ThesmartglassesaremadebyFacebookindependently.B.Theglasseshavemorethantwofive-megapixelcameras.12⚓ᐳ67⚓

12C.Userscansharecontentfromtheglasseswiththeirfriends.D.Thebuilt-inLEDlightshelptakebetterpictures.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.TheglasseswillbeahitwithFacebookusers.B.PeoplecanbuytheglassesatthestartofSeptember.C.Thetipsonsafeuseoftheglassesarenotfree.D.Somepeoplemayfeeluneasywhenbeingcaughtoncamera.3.WhatisFacebook'sattitudetotheissueofprivacy?A.Serious.B.Indifferent.C.Negative.D.Objective.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SafetyGuidelinesforGlassesUsersB.Facebook'sReleaseofSmartGlassesC.PrivacyRelatedtoNewTechnologyD.Users'FeedbackonSmartGlassesAÌDEFGHI&ᦻJKLᦻ஺ᦻÍ⌕ÎÏ)FacebookwḄÐÑÉÇÒ஺1.Cp⁚ᳮG⚪஺᪷`ᨬ|Ḅ“whichenablesuserstosharecontentfromtheglassesontheirsocialmediaaccounts”9À3ᵨᡝÕÇÒḄᑁ×ᙠØÙÚoÛᡝᑖÝC⚗9ᵨᡝÞßᑖÝÇÒḄᑁ×uv஺2.Dwᳮᑨz⚪஺᪷ᨬ|Ḅ“àáᒹã᝞®,å⌕æçèéê᤬ᡈíPᙠ᯿ᱏᡈ±⚣|⌕ñ²òåḄó¡“wD⚗9ᨵ,ᙠ°ôõᣓᣍᑮÉùᑮúuv஺3.Awᳮᑨz⚪஺᪷{9ᙠûhÐiḄütýᜓ.Facebookÿ◚ᙠẆᑴḄᐵ⚪.Facebook◚⚪ᾓḄserious
஺4.B⌕⚪஺᪷ᦻ!"#!"$Facebook%&✌()*+,⏀.ᨵ01ᘤ3᤬5ᜮ789Ray-Ban+,:;ᔠ=>?B⚗Facebook%&)*+,AB஺!13⚓ᐳ67⚓

13Passage8Topersist,lifemustreproduce.ScientistsattheUniversityofVermont,TuftsUniversity,andtheWyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineeringatHarvardUniversityhavediscoveredanentirelynewformofbiologicalreproductionandappliedtheirdiscoverytocreatingthefirst-ever,self-replicatingFGᡃIᑴḄlivingrobots.NamedXenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichscientiststaketheirstemcells,themachinesarelessthan0.04incheswide—smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim,surviveforweekswithoutfood,andworktogetheringroups.Theyevenhaveregenerativecapabilities;whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot,ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.TheXenobotscouldpotentiallybeusedforahostoftasks.Xenobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradioactivewasteandcollectmicroplasticsintheoceans.SomeXenobotshadholesintheircenter,whichcouldpotentiallybeusedtotransportdrugsormedicines."TraditionalrobotsdegradeF஺JovertimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffectsJresearcherssaidinthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Asbiologicalmachines,Xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks,Xenobotscouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcellbiology-openingthedoortofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Whiletheprospectofself-replicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcern,theresearcherssaidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyed,astheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyexperts."TherearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticityFᛛ'ឋandabilityofcellstosolveproblems,“saidJoshuaBongard,oneoftheleadresearchersattheUniversityofVermont.1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“regenerative”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Fightingdisease.B.Replacingoldcells.C.Self-cleaningregularly.0.Recoveringandgrowingagain.!14⚓ᐳ67⚓

142.WhatcanwelearnaboutXenobotsfromParagraph3?A.Theycanbewidelyappliedtocuringdiseases.B.Theycanservetheresearchonhumanhealthwell.C.Theyarespeciallydesignedtocollectradioactivewaste.D.Theyareharmlesstotheenvironmentbydegradingplastics.3.WhatisBongard'sattitudetowardstheself-replicatingbiotechnology?A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Ambiguous.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.AnexperimentonAfricanclawedfrogs.B.Thetrendofdevelopingbiotechnology.C.Anapplicationofamachineinmedicine.D.Theinventionofthefirstself-replicatingrobots.NᫀPQRSTUᦻVWXᦻ஺ᦻ⌕YZ[ᐰᳫ✌ᢇGᡃIᑴḄ_`aᘤb஺1.Dcde⚪஺᪷!f#ᨬh"$iḄ“klmnᑗ>"paᘤb7qGrៜᔠ8tuvr“D⚗FឮI8xyz{|}“regenerativeFxzḄ”Ḅ஺2.B%ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷!#ᨬh"$F◀[kḄ▭᜜,Xenobots|Ẇbᕒᙢ[zᱥm—VbᏉஹ{Ḅ¡ᩭ?£ᡭ>ᜧ¦B⚗Fq§|¨©ᙢª«ᙠbᏉ¬☢ḄẆAB஺3.A%ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ᨬh"#iJoshuaBongardᡠWḄ“᝞°ᡃ§ᑭᵨḄ³ᛛឋ|´*ᩭ⚪7µ¶·¸¹ºᡂV*”%JoshuaBongardGᡃIᑴzᱥᢈ½ᢝ¿᩽ḄஹÁÂḄ᝱Ä஺ᦑ⌱A஺4.D⌕⚪஺᪷!"#!f$,lmn§?Ç["³ᐰÈḄzᱥIᑴÉÊ78Ëᵨ̧Ḅ?ÇÍ⌼[✌ᢇGᡃIᑴḄ_`aᘤb஺ᦑD⚗F✌ᢇGᡃIᑴḄaᘤbḄ?XÏᔠᦻ஺!15⚓ᐳ67⚓

15Passage9Onequestioneverycoachhasheardintheircoachingcareeristhis:“Whyisn'tmykidplaying?^^Thestupidityofmany“win-at-all-cost“coachesinyouthsportsisneatlymatchedbythatof“play-my-kid-or-else”parentsatthehigh-schoollevel.Whenthegamesstarttocount,themainreasonwhyyourkidisn'tplayingissimple:“They'rejustnotgoodenough.”“He/Shejustisn'tfastenough.”“He/Shejustisn'tstrongenough.^^Goodcoaches,however,arenotusuallythatblunt.TheyareveryskillfulinnottellingwhatyouandIwouldconsiderthe"truth”.Thethingisthatmanykidsknowwhatthey'regoodat,andwhatthey'renotgoodat.Whenitcomestofootball,forinstance,mostofthemiddle-schoolersorfreshmenalreadyknowtheoneortwokidswhoaregoodenoughtoplayonthevarsityteamF᪥Ñortocatchtheeyeofacollegeadmissionsofficer.Theirparentsdonot.Therestplaybecausetheyenjoyit,needthediscipline,wanttobelongtoateam,havedreamedofitsincetheywerefiveorsix,aretryingtomaketheirparentshappy,needavarsitysportontheircollegeapplication,orsomecombinationofthefactorsabove.Someofthemdon'lpossessmuchathleticskill,butmakeupforitbypracticing,bygettingstrongerandquicker,andwithon-fieldeffort.Fartoomanychildrentodayarelivinginaworldwheretheyneverlearn"no”.Theydon'tknowhowtohandledisappointmentandfailure.Nordotheyknowhowtoreactandmoveonwhentheydon'tgettheirownway.It'sawfulwhenyourkidisn'tplaying.Beenthere,donethat.Noreasonableparentwantstoseetheirchildhurt.Butnooneescapesthislifeunhurt,emotionallyifnotphysically.Whenthesekidsmoveoninlife,theyaregoingtogetrejectedwhentheyapplyforcollege,failtogetthejobtheywant,andtastefailureanddisappointmentonmultiplefronts.Coachesshouldtrytomakesureeveryonegetssomeplayingtime.Butthatshouldnevercomeattheexpenseofotherkidswhoaremoretalented,tryharderorspendmoretimepracticing.Nochildshouldevergooutforanyteamthinkingthey'regoingtobeguaranteedaspotorplayingtime,nomatterhowloudlytheirparentscomplain.!16⚓ᐳ67⚓

16Inthatsense,sportsareatruemirroroflife.Nooneisguaranteed"playing“timeinlife.Forthemostpart,hardwork,effort,planninganddesirearerewarded.Thebenefitscanbewonderful.Butit'sgoodtobepreparedwhenitdoesn'tworkoutthatway.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blunt“probablymean?A.Impatient.B.Annoying.C.Direct.D.Serious.2.Theauthorbelievesthat.A.kidsshouldlearnhowtofacerejectionintheirlifeB.peoplecanlivealifewithoutbeinghurtC.parentsmusthelpkidsescapedisappointmentandfailureD.coachesneedtoensureeverystudentgetsenoughplayingtime3.Whatprobablymotivatedtheauthortowritethispassage?A.Coaches'mistakenbeliefsaboutvarsityteams.B.Parents9unrealisticviewsofkids9playingtime.C.Children\ignoranceofthemeaningofsportsandlife.D.Thepublic'sdoubtsaboutwhykidsneedtoplaysports.ÒÔÓPQRST¨᱄Ö×ᦟÙGÚḄÛÜVݶÞßàáâã7äå¨æᓫ——⊤Çéê©஺Ûé¦Þëᙠãáàᙠz_iìíîm×ï☢ðñò஺1.C%de⚪஺᪷óôeh"$"TheyareveryskillfulinnottellingwhatyouandIwouldconsiderthetruth….©ḄᦟÙé×µ¶÷øᙢùú᱄Ö̧ḄÛÜé©஺direct÷øḄ஺2.A⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪ!ஹþ#7ÇᙠÿḄ⍝᝞ᜐᳮᜫᜫᨵᙠᙠᵭ!ᜧ#$%&'()ᑮ+⌕Ḅ-./ᙠ01☢3ᑮᜫᜫḄ4ᕡᡠ7.ὅ9:ᙠ;<#᝞☢=%&'஺?17⚓ᐳ67⚓

173.BCᳮᑨE⚪஺ᦻHI᱄KᳮL:MNOPḄQRSTUVWX.ὅ9:᱄KḄYZ“ᡃḄ]^STUV''Ḅ`abcᑗe▭(unrealistic),/ᵫhi⊤kOPḄlR஺Passage10Journal-basedpeerreview-theprocessofsubjectingascientificresearchpapertotheinspectionofotherswhoareexpertsinthesamefield-isgenerallyheldupasthequalityassurancemechanismforresearch.Itclaimstobeanessentialmeasurewhichpreventspublishingfaultypapers.Reviewingapapercandelayitspublicationbyuptoayear;isthatapriceworthpayingtoensurethetrustworthinessofthepublishedliterature?Well,yesandno.I'mnotyetreadytoabandonjournal-basedpeerreview.Tdstillliketoseeallpaperspasssomesortofcheckingstagebeforeformalpublication,butIfeelthegroundmoving.Thegrowinguseofpreprints,draftsofpaperswhicharepostedonlinewithouthavingbeenpeerreviewed,isacrucialpartofthatshiftbecausetheybringacademicsbacktowhatresearchpublicationisallabout:therapidcirculationofnewresultssotheycanberead,analyzedandbuiltupon.Publicationinjournalshasbecomemoreaboutfameandthishasaffectedboththemotivationsofauthorsandthejobofreviewers.Competitionforprizedspotsinjournalsdrivesscientiststodosomeoftheirbestwork.Buttheexcessive(nḄ)rewardsforpublishingintopjournalsareencouragementstocorner-cutting,asstoriespolishedbyleavingoutinconvenientdataaremorelikelytobetakenup.Andthejoboftherevieweralsobecomesdistorted:itismoreoftennowtodecidenotwhetherapaperisanygood,butwhetheritisgoodenoughforthejournalconsideringpublication.Fortopjournals,thatcandependasmuchonnewsworthinessasscientificquality.Theseproblemsarewellknown,butthetragedyforscienceisthatfewpeoplearewillingtobreakawayfromthepresentsystem.However,asbiologistRonValearguedrecently-fittingly,inapreprint-preprintsmaybeawayoutbecausetheydon'tinvolveamajorshiftawayfromthenorm.Thatmayseemanoddclaimgiventhatpreprintshavebeeninexistencefortwentyyears,yethavenotbeenadopteduniversally.Thisslowuptakeisnotonlyareflectionofthebuilt-inconservatismofscientists,butalsoaresultofthewidespreadmisunderstandingthatjournalswon'tacceptmanuscriptswhichhavebeenpostedonlineaspreprints.Thereisalsoafearthatpublicationofpaperswithoutpeerreviewrisksopeningthefloodgatesto'junkscience,,psomethingwhich,sofaratleast,hasyettooccur.?18⚓ᐳ67⚓

18Preprintsenabletheinformalscientificdiscussionsoncerestrictedtocorrespondencebetweenindividuals.Theycouldalsobecomeaneffectiveoutletfornegativeresults——avitalaspectofthescientificprocessoftenignoredbythejournals9excessivepreoccupationqᐵstwithnewdiscoveries.Furthermore,preprintssignificantlyincreasethenumberoftimespapersarereadandcitedbyothers.Bytakingadvantageoftheweb'scultureofopennessandaccessibility,preprintsshouldhelptorefocusattentionwhereitmatters—ontheworkitself,notwhereitispublished.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthepopularopiniononpeerreview?A.Itlimitsthenumberofresearchworks.B.Itensuresthequalityofscientificpapers.C.Itremovespublicdoubtsaboutpublication.D.Itchangestheprocessofscientificpublishing.2.Theauthormayagreethatscientificjournals.A.urgescientiststopursueintegrityintheirworkB.relyonreviewerstorevisefaultyresearchpapersC.choosearticlesfortheirappealoverscientificvalueD.trytocutcoststomaintaintheirpositioninthefield3.What'stheauthor'sopiniononthegrowinguseofpreprints?A.Itwillcontributetojunkscience.B.Itmayendthepracticeofpeerreview.C.Itpromotesthespreadofresearchfindings.D.Itimprovesthequalityofscientificpublication.4.Thisisbasicallyapassageto.A.makecomparisonB.confirmaconceptC.encourageinnovationD.proposeapractice᪍wuᩈ?19⚓ᐳ67⚓

19yz{L|}.ὅ┐=ᙠ#i⊤ᦻH#ᐵsYpkpZR——⚜ᓺ஺ᨵᑭ▅ὅᐵs#i/Ẇᡂ¢Ḅ£஺1.B¤⁚ᳮL⚪஺᪷§?p¨?p©"Journal-basedpeerreview...isgenerallyheldupasthejmalit%assuiaJgmgGbanUmforresearch.”ª«¬®c%9:ẆḄ¯°±²³ᑴ஺2.CCᳮᑨE⚪஺᪷§?µ¨ᨬ·p©"Publicationinjournalshasbecomemore᮸outfenieandthisha10aMᙠ¹i⊤ᦻHºᩭºs,Y½¾¿k.ὅḄÀ³Á¾¿kÂḄ-.஺Y)Ã#ᩖÅᙠ⌱ÇᦻHḄ$᎛ᐵsᦻHḄᔾÊË#஺3.C¤⁚ᳮL⚪.ᨬ·p¨ᢣ⚜ᓺÎ℉kᐸ▅|ÊᵨÒᦻḄÓᦪ஺YÕÖ⚜ᓺkẆᡂ¢Ḅ£஺4.D×Ø⌕Ù⚪஺.ὅ┐=ᙠ#i⊤ᦻH#ᐵsYpÚkpZR(proposeapractice)——⚜ᓺ஺ᨵᑭ▅ὅᐵs#i/Ẇᡂ¢Ḅ£஺Passage11IwasattheMarchforScienceinBoston,on22April2017,aswereabout70,000otherscientists.Weweretheretostandupforfactsandtruth.Wherearethecrowdsofscientistsnow?Sincethen,harmfromsciencedenialhasonlyincreased:globalsufferinghasgrownowingtoinactiononclimatechange,andsomeepidemicshaverisenalongwithvaccineskepticism.I'vebeenouttheretalkingtothesciencedeniers,andI'veaskedmyscientistfriendstocomewithme."Thosepeoplejustaren'tworthtalkingto,"they'llsay."Iwouldn'tmakeadifferenceanyway.^^That'swrong.Thosepeoplecananddochangetheirminds,althoughitrequiressomeonetoputinthetimetoovercomedistrust.Tobesure,manyexpertshavelaunchedthemselvesagainstmisinformation,enduringabuseonsocialmediaandeventhreatstotheirsafety.Butwhenscientiststurndownmyinvitations,it'snotbecauseoffear.Mostoften,theirexcusesaregroundedinthe“backfireeffect59,aquestionablefindingthatpeoplesometimesembracemisconceptionsmorestronglywhenfacedwithcorrectiveinformation,implyingthatpushingback?20⚓ᐳ67⚓

20againstfalsehoodsiscounterproductive.Eventheresearcherswhoseresultswereexaggeratedtopopularizethisideadonotembraceitanymore,andarguethatthetruechallengeislearninghowbesttotargetcorrectiveinformation.Infact,evidenceisgrowingthatrebuttalscanbeeffective.Sciencedeniersalldrawonthesameflawedreasoningtechniques:cherry-pickingevidence,relyingonfakeexperts,andengaginginillogicalreasoning.Alandmark2019studyshowedthatcritiquingflawedtechniquescancontainthespreadofmisinformation.Sohowdoes"techniquerebuttal”workinpractice?ArnaudGagneurandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofSherbrookeconductedmorethan1,00020-minuteinterviewsinwhichtheylistenedtonewparents9concernsaboutvaccinationsandansweredtheirquestions.Thoseparents9childrenwere9%morelikelytoreceiveallthevaccinesontheschedulethanthoseofuninterviewedparentswhosebabiesweredeliveredinthesamematernityward.Onemothertoldhim:"It'sthefirsttimethatFvehadadiscussionlikethis,andIfeelrespected,andItrustyou/9Itisself-evidentinsciencecommunicationthatyoucannotconvinceasciencedenierwithfactsalone;mostsciencedeniersdon'thavealackofinformation,butalackoftrust.Sowhatshouldscientistsdo?Evennon-expertscanusetechniquerebuttal.Ageologistcanengageaneighborwhoisvaccinehesitantinconversation.Aproteinbiologistcancoachanauntorunclewhowants”moreevidence^^thatclimatechangeisreal.Insteadofshiftingtomorecomfortableconversations,engageinrespectfulexchanges.Ifyouspendmoretimeaskingquestionsthanofferingexplanations,peoplewillbemorelikelytopayattentiontotheexplanationsthatyoudooffer.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheMarchforScienceaddressedonlineabuse.B.Thesilenceofscientistsworsensharmfromsciencedenial.C.Ineffectivevaccinesspeedupthespreadofsomeepidemics.D.Theauthor9sfriendsfinditvaluabletotalkwithsciencedeniers.2.Accordingtothepassage,the“backfireeffect".A.suggestscautionbeforecorrectingothersB.emphasizestheeffectivenessofrebuttalsC.resultsfromflawedreasoningtechniquesD.enjoyswidesupportintheacademicfield?21⚓ᐳ67⚓

213.Thelasttwoparagraphssuggestthat.A.theinterviewedparentsagreedtovaccinationduetothesufficiencyoftheinformationB.geologistsandproteinbiologistsneedtomakesuretheconversationsarecomfortableC.scientistsareencouragedtolistencarefullyandaskquestionsduringinteractionD.scientistsshouldteachnon-expertshowtoconductrespectfulexchanges4.Inwritingthispassage,theauthoraimsto.A.expressconcernsformisinformationB.analyzetherootcauseofsciencedenialC.advocateemployingtechniquerebuttalD.presenttheproblemsscientistsencounterÛᫀyz{L|IᦻHÚkÝ☢=#ᔲ9ὅ$,#ß;<᝞àᙢ;=“⌮ãᦔ;”——æçᢈéêḄëì஺1.BCᳮᑨE⚪஺᪷§?í¨?µ©?î©#ß&'=#ᔲ9ὅḄ┯ð`ñ«éê஺ò᪷§?ó¨?p©"Infact,evidenceisgrowingthatrebuttalscanbeeffective.”éêe▭¹=ôõ#ᔲ9ὅḄ┯ð`ñᨵᦔḄ஺ᵫh,B⚗q#ßḄ÷øᒓ#ᔲúḄᓻtüᔠᦻHᑁÿ஺2.A
ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷"Mostoften,theirexcusesaregroundedinthe1backfireeffect',aquestionablefindingthatpeoplesometimesembracemisconceptions.morestronglyஹwhenfacedwithஹcorrectiveinformation,implyingthatpushingbackagainstfalsehoodsiscounterproductiyc.Eventheresearcherswhoseresultswereexaggeratedtopopularizethisideadonotembraceitanymore,andarguethat"⌮ᦔ”ᙠ☢┯!"#$Ḅ&'()*+,-ᙢ/0┯!,2#$┯!Ḅ3$ᢧᡊ6⌱89᪵Ḅ;<ᩭ+>ᙢ#$┯!஺ᵫ@
“⌮ᦔ”BCᙠ#$D┯!EF⌕HI஺ᦑ⌱A஺22⚓ᐳ67⚓

223.C
ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ᦻOᨬQRḄᑁTURᑁT6ᵫᦻO᎔ᦪXYḄZ⚪“Sohowdoes'techniquerebuttal,workinpractice?”[YḄ஺ᵫ@
ᦻOᨬQRḄᑁT6ᙠ\]᝞_`>ᢈbcd——᝞fgh+iḄ(jXZ2k6lm.*+ᐵpgḄlm஺q@C⚗stuvwxᙠyz{|}~XYZ⚪ᔠᦻOᑁT஺4.C⌕⚪஺ᑖ᪆ᐰᦻᑁTᦻOFXY:ᙠvwᔲὅḄ┯ᢈbcd?¨ᨬQR©ª«ᢈbcdḄᵨᫀ®஺ᵫ@ὅḄ¯Ḅ6X᎝±ᵨᢈbcdḄ;²ᩭcdvwᔲὅḄ┯!³C⚗⊤µ¶஺Passage12IntheUSA,youthcurfewss·Ἥaretraditionallyissuedbyaparentintheinterestofsafety.Thistypeofcurfewispersonal,andrightfullyso.However,tostopteenagerscommittingcrimes,someofficialshaveturnedyouthcurfewsfromfamilydecisionsintopubliclaws.Theideamayhavebeenthoughttohavegoodintentions.Inpractice,however,thesepolicieshavebeenshowntobeunfairandunconstitutional,accordingtotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionACLU
.InthetownofSumner,Washington,afatherallowedhisfourteen-year-oldsontogotoaconveniencestoreafter11:00p.m.Sumnerhadadoptedacurfewlawthatprohibitedpeopleundertheageofeighteenfrombeinginpublicplacespastthathour.Thefatherwasfined,andthenhepursuedalegalchallengeagainstthetown.TheACLU,whichfiledthecaseonbehalfofthefather,claimedthecurfewlawshadviolateds¹ºparents9rights.Intheend,Sumner'scurfewlawswerestruckdown.Butisn'titirresponsiblenottoenforceacurfewonteenagers?Curfewlawssupportersarguethatofficialsshouldprovideacurfewtoensureteensareathomebyareasonablehour.Theriskofaseriousaccidentisthreetimesashighfordriversagedsixteentonineteenasfordriversovertwenty.Anddangersonlyincreaseatnight.Thisindicatestosomethatalawkeepingteensofftheroadlateatnightisapositivesafetymeasure.Still,theNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationNHTSA
saysthatthebestwaysfordriversto23⚓ᐳ67⚓

23increasesafetyarebyobeyingthespeedlimit,wearingaseatbelt,andpayingattention.NHTSAmakesnomentionofyouthcurfewsmakingdrivingsafer.Incities,curfewenforcementhasbeenineffectiveorevenhadanegativeimpactoncommunities.Mostcrimescommittedbyteensactuallyhappenaround3:00p.m.,rightafterschool.Onnon-schooldays,thattimeshiftstobetween7:00p.m.and9:00p.m.Thecurfewhours,usuallybetween10:00p.m.and6:00a.m.,occuratatimeofdaywhenteenagecrimeisatitslowest.Meanwhile,violentcrimereachesitspeakaround10:00p.m.foradults.Whenlawenforcementperformstheteencurfewsweep,policemenaredistractedfromthemoreseriousviolentcrimesbeingcommittedbyadultsatthattime.Alsotroublingistheracialdiscriminationincitieswithcurfews.Forexample,recentdatahavefoundthatinMinneapolis,Minnesota,56%ofyouthschargedwithbreakingcurfewswereAfricanAmerican.Otherlawenforcementdepartmentreportsshowsimilarproblems.Curfewlawsarecriticizedbecausetheyareenforcedinaraciallydiscriminatoryway.TheACLUhassucceededinstrikingdownatleastonecurfewlawbecauseofconcernsoverparentalrights.Alongwithothercommunityandcivilrightsgroups,itcontinuestopursueothercases,arguingthatcurfewlawenforcementcanonlyincreasetensionandcrime.Toarrestteensfordrivinghomefromthemovies,playingbasketballinthepark,orsimplywalkingtheirdogistopunishthemforbeingoutsidetheirhomes
apolicyinconsistentwiththeindividualrightsestablishedintheU.S.Constitution.1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslegalcurfewsforteenagers?A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Uncertain.D.Indifferent.2.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Reasonablecurfewhoursforteenagers.B.Thenecessityofenforcingyouthcurfews.C.Unwantedconsequencesofyouthcurfews.D.Theimpactofyouthcurfewsonadultcrimes.3.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheACLUfromthepassage?A.Ithelpspeopledefendtheirindividualrights.B.Itisinfavorofenforcingacurfewonteenagers.C.Itstressestheresponsibilitiesofparentstotheirchildren.D.Itbelievesyouthcurfewsarehighlyrelatedtoroadsafety.24⚓ᐳ67⚓

244.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.A.teenagersintheUnitedStateslovetheirindependenceB.enforcingyouthcurfewswillleadtodistrustofthepolicemenC.legalcurfewsshouldexistonlywhenparentsareirresponsibleD.legalcurfewsviolateindividuallibertiesandmaybecanceled»ᫀ¼½¾l¿ÀᦻO┐ÂÃXYḄ·Ἥ<©Yªᔜ;Ḅ஺1.A
ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ḄQR“Thistypeofcurfewispersonal,andrightfullyso.However,tostopteenagerscommittingcrimes,someofficialshaveturnedyouthcurfewsfromfamilydecisionsintopubliclaws.”,Å"Theideamayhavebeenthoughttohavegoodintentions.”ÆÇᨬQᑁTὅ☘ÉÊ<·ἭUËÌḄ᝱Î6Ï᩽ஹÑ☢Ḅq@⌱8A⚗(kÓÔḄ)஺supportiveÖᢝḄØuncertainkÙḄ¨indifferentÚkᐵÛḄ஺2.C⌕⚪஺᪷"Incities,curfewenforcementhasbeenineffectiveorevenhadanegativeimpactoncommunities.”ÆÇÜᦻᑁT,᡻Þ·ἭḄ(jk6☘ÉʺßḄàá(<1)q᡻Þ·Ἥâãäå+æçḄèéßÞêëÏ᩽ìí஺Ô(,ᙠ᡻Þ·ἭḄîï᡻Þὅ)*ᵨðñòóḄ;²᡻Þ·ἭUô*õᩭÑ☢ìí஺ᵫ@⌕6ᙠ\☘ÉÊ·ἭḄköQf³C⚗⊤µ¶஺3.A
ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ÅÅ"Inpractice,however,thesepolicieshavebeenshowntobeunfairandunconstitutional,accordingtotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion(ACLU).”ÆÇÅE÷}Ḅ®ø,ACLUù☘ÉÊ·Ἥúû"ü]6kýþÿ
ḄACLU⊤ᫀḄ᱄:Ἥ᱄Ḅᩗᑭ஺᪷ᨬ!ᨬ""Toarrestteensfor...apolicyinconsistentwiththeindividualrightsestablishedintheU.S.Constitution.”#$Ἥ%&'
()*+,-ᐸ/
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254.D6ᳮᑨH⚪஺᪷BJ!ᑁL#$,ACLU,-;<᱄ḄᩗᑭMNᡂPAQSumnerḄἭRS◀஺᪷ᨬ!ᨬ"#$.Ἥ/
VWḄ23ᩗᑭ஺ᵫ5#6$,D⚗XἭ23Yᵫ.#Z[R\]^_ᔠᦻbᑁL஺Passage13InaclassicepisodeofTheSimpsons,Homer'sclassreunionendsinshamewhenoneofHomer'sguiltysecretsisexposed:henevergraduatedfromhighschool.Togethisdiploma,hemustpassasciencetest.Ashesitsdowntoretaketheexam,heholdsoneofhistrademarkdialogueswithhisbrain."Allright,brain.Youdon7tlikemeandIdon'tlikeyou.Butlet9sjustdothisandIcangetbacktokillingyouwithbeer.”Manyatruewordisspokenasaiokv.HomerSimpson'sEverymancharacterreallyisanEveryman.Formostpeople,engaginginthekindofeffortfulthinkingthatisrequiredtopassasciencetestfeelstoomuchlikehardwork.Itissomucheasiertoquitandletthebrain5sautopilottakeover.Andnowonder.Evolutionhasblessedthehumanbrainwithallkindsofmentalshortcutsthatmakelifemanageable.Ifwehadtothinkabouteveryactionorweighupeverydecision,wewouldbreakdown.Asaresult,certainideasandmodesofthinkingcomenaturallytous,suchaseffortlessthinking.Butathugecost.Ourmentalshortcutsworkfineatthelevelofindividualsandsmall-scalesocieties,butinanincreasinglyinterconnectedandglobalizedworld,theyareadangertosociety.Effortlessthinkingisattherootofmanyofthemodernworld'smostseriousproblems:terrorism,hatred,inequalityandreligiousextremism.AllarecausedbypeopledisengagingtheircriticalthinkingandgoingwiththeirgutXcᳮឋḄ^feeling.Everybodyiscapableofgutfeeling,butalsoofcriticalthinking.Boththinkingstylesareneededtomaketheworldgoround.Unfortunately,thelatterrequirestrainingthatisunavailableorunappealingtomanypeople.Oneofthebrightspotsin2017wasthestartofamovementcalledtheMarchforScience.Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofscienceneedtokeeponmarching,orgivemorepowertopeoplewhodon'tmuchliketheirownbrains-orotherpeople's.l.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughHomer'sstory?A.Feelingisveryimportant.B.Drinkingbeerisharmfultoone'sbrain.C.Highschoolseniorsshouldworkhard.B26⚓ᐳ67⚓

26D.MostpeoplehateeffortfulthinkinglikeHomer.2.Howdoyoureadbetweenthelinesoftheunderlinedsentenceaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostpeoplewouldrathertelljokesthantellthetruth.B.Mostpeopledon'twanttotoilthroughscientifictests.C.Mostpeoplewouldlovetohavetheirbrainscontrolledbyapilot.D.MostpeoplelikeSimpson'sordinarycharacterarewillingtothinksimple.3.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Ourmentalshortcutsfunctionwell.B.Effortlessthinkingisexpensiveforpeople.C.Effortlessthinkingisdangeroustosociety.D.Peopleprefereffortlessthinkingtocriticalthinking.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcriticalthinking?A.Itmakestheworldgoround.B.ltneedsnecessarytraining.C.Itworksfineatthelevelofpersonalaffairs.D.ItleadstotheMarchforSciencein2017.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CriticalThinkingIsUrgentlyNeededB.EffortlessThinkingIsOutofDateC.WeNeedtoMarchTowardsScienceD.ThinkingContributestoSocialProblemsᐻhuᩈ1.D6ᳮᑨH⚪஺᪷BJ!BJ"ijBk"i#6$lὅnop₹rḄᦑtuvᜧxᦪ3z₹r᪵|}~ὃ஺2.D⚪஺᪷BJ!BJ"ijBk"i#6$"n⌕⊤Ḅ+“z₹r᪵Ḅ3:ᓫᙢὃJ3.Cᜧ⚪஺B!ḄB"i+⚪",!⌕~Ḅὃ[+ᓻ◅Ḅ஺B27⚓ᐳ67⚓

274.B6ᳮᑨH⚪.᪷B¢!ᨬ"i#6$lὅ£-ᢇᑨឋ¥◤⌕§¨©ª⌕Ḅ«¬I஺5.Aᜧ⚪஺᪷BJ!Bk"iB!ḄBk"i#$ᦻ⌕®¯°ᙠxᦪ3²³ᢇᑨឋ¥ᓽᳮឋ¥µ¶·¸¹©º»¼⚪Ḅ᪷½ᙠ¾3:¿Àᳮឋ¥஺ᵫ5#$,A⚗“CriticalThinkingIsUrgentlyNeededXᢇᑨឋ¥RÁᑗ◤⌕^”〉ᔠlᦻbḄᨬÅ᪗⚪஺Passage14Asparents,wewantourchildrentoreachtheirfullacademicpotential.Wereadtothem,encouragetheirspecialtalents,andsupportthemwhentheyhaveproblems.Iftheychoosetoparticipateinmusicorsports,wealsohelpthemreachtheirpotentialinthoseareas.Theseareallgoodgoals.Thereis,however,anevenmoreimportantgoal.Itisagoalmoredifficultthanexcellenceinarithmeticorsoccerortheviolin.Parentsareresponsibleforprovidingtheirchildrenwithamoralcompass.Theyneedtonurtureandtreasuregoodnessintheirchildren.Everychildhasthecapacitytobecomeagood,decenthumanbeing.Tofulfillthiscapacity,childrenneedtheguidanceandsupportofparentsandotheradults.Raisinggood,moralchildrenisthemostimportantjobwewillhave.Whatisagood,decenthumanbeing?Whilewemaydifferonsomedetails,mostwouldagreethatrespectforothers,kindnessandcaring,honestyandhonor,andareverenceXÇÈ^forlifearekey.Good,decenthumanbeingsarepeoplewithafirmsenseofdirectionandpurpose-amoralcompass-toguidetheirlives.Childrenneedourhelptodevelopthesecharacteristicsandvalues.Whilemostpeopletrytoactwithhonorandkindness,doingsoconsistentlyisdifficultandrequireslifelongeffort.Goodnessisnoteasyforanadultanditisevenmoredifficultforachild.Theydonothavetheknowledge,experiences,orcognitiveskillstounderstandtheimpactandconsequencesoftheiractions.Reinforcementissometimesanefficientapproachtobuildingpositivebehavior.Thechildbehavesinadesiredwayandtheparentsprovidereinforcement.Thebehaviorthentypicallyincreasesinfrequency.Thisapproachworksforteaching“Please"and"Thankyou”.Thenewbehaviorismaintained,becauseithelpsthechildgetalongintheworld.Loving,everydayinteractionsarethebeginningofraisingmoralchildren.ThechildwhofallsandreceivesadultconcernlearnshowtotreatotherskindlywhentheystumbleXÉ᎔^.Thechildwhomakesamistakeandisencouragedtotryagainlearnshowtosupportothers.WhenparentsintercedeXËÌ^graciouslyfortheirB28⚓ᐳ67⚓

28child,thechildcanseethebasisforfriendship.Whenwetreatchildrenwithrespectandcare,weprovideapositivemodelofhowtobehave.Theseearlyexperiencesestablishpatternsfortheirtreatmentofothers.1.Whatareadultssupposedtodotomakechildrenbecomegood,decenthumanbeings?A.Toencouragetheirchildrentolearnmoreaboutsportsormusic.B.Tohelptheirchildrentodeveloptheirspecialtalents.C.Tosupporttheirchildrenwhentheyhaveproblems.D.Toreinforcepositivebehaviorthrougheverydayinteractions.2.Whyisitdifficultforachildtoactwithhonorandkindness?A.Becauseitisdifficultforadultstodoso.B.Becauseachildisnotmatureenoughtodoso.C.Becauseachilddoesnotunderstandtheabstractconceptof“goodness".0.Becauseachilddoesnothaveamodeltofollow.3.Theauthortalksaboutteaching“Please"and"Thankyou“todemonstratethat.A.saying"Please"and“Thankyou”isagoodhabitB.politenessisthenatureofamoralcompassC.politenesshelpsthechildgetalongintheworldD.reinforcementisanefficientapproachtobuildingpositivebehavior4.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toemphasizetheimportanceofadults'concernwhenachildfalls.B.Toshowhowtoguidechildrentodevelopfriendship.C.Toexplainwhyadultsshouldtreatchildrenwithrespectandcare.D.Toshowhowloveandeverydayinteractionsworkinmoldingamoralchild.Íl.D6ᳮᑨH⚪஺᪷BJ!Ḅᨬk"iஹB¢!ḄB"ijᨬ!ḄB"i#$,᱄ÏÐopÑÒÓÔᩭÖᓄØḄÙ᩽¨-,Û«ÜØḄ⍝ÞßàµQØᡂ-á¨âãḄ3஺2.Bä⁚ᳮÌ⚪஺᪷B!Ḅᨬæ"i#$Ø!èᡂéê:ëᨵ$íஹNîj£$ᢈZᩭᳮÌê:Ḅ¨-ðñḄòójôõQöØ:÷øùᗐâḄûüÛ¨t஺B29⚓ᐳ67⚓

293.D6ᳮᑨH⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪBJ!Ḅýk"i#$Öᓄᨵþ+ÿ
᩽Ḅᨵᦔ஺ᯠᦻ'Thisapproachworksforteaching'Please'and'Thankyou'.”,ὅᵨᦟ“Please''"Thankyou”ᩭᓄ!"
᩽Ḅᨵᦔ஺4.D᝱$%&⚪஺()ᨬ+,-.,0+12!341஺5061ᑮ᎔ᦪ061ὅᙠ;<=>᝞@ᙠABCD3EFᡂᨵ⍝IḄJ஺ᨬ+1KḄLMNᔊᦟP᝞@QRSJ஺ᵫU-.,V,ḄWḄ!<᰿ABYZ᝞@[ᡂᨵ⍝IḄJ஺Passage152⚪:ᡭẚᦻᓄ_ᚠb$:3cᦪ322WhatcoulddrivingaracecarandpointingacameraattheMilkyWayhaveincommon?Morethanyoumightimagine.RacecardriverBubbaWallaceandphotographerBatakTefreshijourneyedtogethertoremoteGooseberryMesafbranadventureaimedatcapturingthenightsky.GooseberryMesa,farfrompopulationcenters,isprotectedfromthenighttimelightpollutionmakingitperfectforstarphotographers.Naturalnightenvironmentssuchasthisarerare.Camping,hiking,andshootingstarsinmountainousGooseberryMesahighlightthesimilaritybetweenphotographyandracing.Bubbanotes,"Onceyoufireuptheenginethere'snoturningback-Iknowrilbeinthatseatfbrmorethanthreehours.^Batakagrees.']havethesamefeelingassoonasItouchthewheelofmycamera+I'mreadytocontinuethroughtheentirenight."ForBubba,developingpatienceallowshimtomatureasadriverandisequallyessentialtoBatak9sphotography.Seizingthemomentiscrucialtoo.€CEveryminutethingsarechanging-theEarth'sshadow,themoonlight,theriseofstars,^Batakexplains.64Ifyoulosethemoment,it'sgoneforever.,5BubbafindsthephysicalandmentaldemandsofracingascrucialwhentravellinginUtah'sruggedlandscapeunderfreezingtemperatures.Thinkincomingclouds,wind,ormistwillruinyourchanceofaperfectshot?AccordingtoBatak,“Withwide-anglenightscapes,everyunexpectedweatherconditioncanbeanopportunity.Ourphotosshoworangesandbluesaroundthemoonyouwouldn'tseeunderaclearsky.”Theteamdiscoveredsharedintereststhatgobeyondphotography."We'rebothpassionateaboutbringingculturestogetherandusingourworktobreakdownboundaries,,9saysBatak/'Thenightskyhastheunifyingpower.Theskyconnectsthewholeworldunderoneumbrella.^^l.WhydidBubbaandBatakchooseGooseberryMesa?030⚓ᐳ67⚓

30A.Ithasasmallpopulation.B.Ithasidealweatherconditions.C.Itisfreefromlightpollution.D.Ithasamagnificentlandscape.2.Whichisrequiredinbothcarracingandphotography?A.Willpower.B.Teamwork.C.Bravery.D.Creativity.3.WhatdoesBatakthinkofunexpectedweatherasaphotographer?A.Annoying.B.Disastrous.C.Favorable.D.Challenging.4.Whichmaybeamessagebehindtheteam9sphotographywork?A.Appreciatingthenightsky.B.Connectingvariouscultures.C.Removingracialboundaries.□.Protectingtheenvironment.ᐻghijk)lmᦻ<ᦻnᦻo(pqrsBubbaWallace᤬uvBatakTefreshiᐳwᣓᣍz{Ḅ|}~qr᤬uḄᜐ,ᢣS(p᤬uᡭẚᦻᓄ_ᚠnᦻᓄḄᔠ஺1.C⁚ᳮk⚪஺᪷06,3Ḅ“…farfrompopulationcenters,isprotectedfromthenighttimelightpollutionmakingitperfectforstarphotographers.”-.,GooseberryMesaᐝ,Q᤬z{ᩭᓝᑖ஺2.Aᳮᑨ¡⚪9᪷0¢,ᨬ+1“...developingpatienceallowshimtomatureasadriverandisequallyessentialtoBatak,sphotography.”-.nὊ4Qqr᤬uᩭw᪵¥⌕nᵫU¡willpower§¨©n%ª©«!qr᤬u¬◤⌕Ḅ஺031⚓ᐳ67⚓

313.C®ᳮᑨ¡⚪஺᪷0¯,3Ḅ“everyunexpectedweatherconditioncanbeanopportunity”-.,§—²%³´ᑮḄᜩ¶¬-·!+¸¹PnᵫU¡Batakº%³´ᑮḄᜩ¶»¼Q᤬uὅᩭ!ᨵᑭḄ(favorable)஺4.B⁚ᳮk⚪஺᪷0¾,3Ḅ“We'rebothpassionateaboutbringingculturestogetherandusingourworktobreakdownboundaries”-.,S¿À·Áᡭẚᦻᓄ_ᚠnᦻᓄḄᔠ஺Passage162⚪:ÂPÃÄb$:3cᦪ313InVietnamese,Ngan'snamemeans"star”,butshewasn'tabletosmilebrightlybecauseshewasbornwithacleftcondition(ᖃÇÈ).Ngan'sfamilylivesinasmall,isolatedvillageinsouthernVietnam.Withouthelp,herfamilywouldneverhavebeenabletoaffordthereconstructivesurgerythatwouldchangeNgan'slifeandgiveherabrighterfuture.ButwhenNgan'sparentsheardthatOperationSmilewasconductingasurgicalmissioninDanang,theydideverythingintheirpowertotakeNganthereformedicaltreatment.Nganandherfamilytravelledmorethan200milesforthechancetogiveheranewsmile.Nganreceivedlife-changingsurgeryonhercleftlipandpalateandnow,10yearslater,sheisahappy,healthy,livelygirlwithasmilethatshowsit.Beforeshehadsurgery,Ngan'sfacialconditionpreventedhersocialengagementandevenherinvolvementinschool.Now,withtheconfidenceshegainedfromhernewsmile,Ngancanreachherfullpotential.Ngan'sparentssaidtheyhadgivenupeverythingbuthopebeforeOperationSmilegavetheirdaughterthechancetoseeherdrcamsbecomeareality."Manyfamiliesinourprovincewillabandontheirchildifababyisbornwithacleftcondition,Ngan'sfathersaid.Heneverwantsthistohappen,knowinghowincrediblethetransformationiswithfreesurgerythroughOperationSmile.Ngan9sparentsnowactivelyreferotherfamiliesofchildrenbornwithcleftconditionstoOperationSmile.Theyaredeterminedtoensurethateverychildhastheopportunityforabrighterfuture,regardlessoftheirappearances.OperationSmilehasprovidedsafesurgeryforthosebornwithcleftconditionsworldwide.Ifyouwouldlikeadditionalinformation,pleasevisitwww.operationsmile.org.uk,call02034755126orwritetoOperationSmileUK,GenosHouse,JuniperDrive,LondonSW181FY.l.WhatdoweknowaboutNgan?032⚓ᐳ67⚓

32A.Shegotseriouslyillaftershewasborn.B.Shewasbornphysically-challenged.C.Shewasabandonedbyherparents.D.Shewasalwayssmilingbrightly.2.WhatisOperationSmile?A.Anorganizationaimingtohelphopelessvillagers.B.Anorganizationaimingtohelpchildrenwithacleftcondition.C.Anorganizationaimingtomakechildreneducated.D.Anorganizationaimingtodosurgeryforthepoor.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeNgan'sparents?A.Responsible.B.Conventional.C.Experienced.D.Passive.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainwhatisacleftlip.B.TopromoteOperationSmile.C.Tointroduceagirlwithacleftlip.D.Tocallfordonationsforgirlswithcleftconditions.hijk)lmᦻ!ËÌᦻ஺ᦻoÍ⌕ÎÏÐᓭÒ᝕NganᙠOperationSmileÔÕḄÖ×nᡂØÙÚᖃÇÈÛᐭÂPCDḄᦑÞ஺1.B⁚ᳮk⚪஺᪷ᦻo✌,“InVietnamese,Ngan,snamemeans'star',butshewasn'tabletosmilebrightlybecauseshewasbornwithacleftcondition.”à06Eá3Ḅ“Nganreceivedlife-changingsurgeryonhercleftlipandpalate”-.,NganᨵḼᐜᜩឋåæç—ᖃÇÈnè¸æçéê᝛ìíîᙢðnñò!n᝛CᩭòᨵḼCᳮó◍஺2.B⁚ᳮk⚪஺᪷ᐰᦻQè+ÔÕḄ}~nöᐸ!ᨬ+,3“OperationSmilehasprovidedsafesurgeryforthosebornwithcleftconditionsworldwide.”-.è+ÔÕøᙠÖ×ᨵᖃÇÈḄ஺033⚓ᐳ67⚓

333.Aᳮᑨ¡⚪஺᪷06,3“theydideverythingintheirpowertotakeNganthereformedicaltreatment”-.,NganḄ᱄ú³û+ᑗý᝕þÿᶭ
NganḄ᱄᩽ḄResponsible
.,4.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺ᐰᦻ᝕NganᙠOperationSmileḄ!"#$%Ḅᦑ'()᎔ᦪ,-ᑣ/0NganḄ᱄1᩽234(ᙠᦻ5ᨬ74(ᑣ89:OperationSmile;<=2>(ᵫᦻ5234஺Passage17@⚪:BCDEFHIJKᦪ224“Apositiveattitudecanbeagifttothosearoundyou,“saidJamieLong,aclinicalpsychologistinFortLauderdale,Florida."Butitshouldn'ttaketheplaceoflisteningthoughtfullytoothers9experiences/9“Whenyouchoosetolookatsituationsfromonepositiveangle,youareverylikelytodismissatrueexperience,Longexplained.Evenifyoutrytocheerupsomeone,ignoringsomeone'sdifficultexperiencescanleavethemfeelingtheyshouldhidenegativefeelingsinthefuture.Asexamplesof“positive“responsesthatmightdestroyafriend^abilitytosharetheirfeelings,Longlisted“lookforthesilverlining”and“itcouldbeworse”.Insteadoftryingtofindapositiveangle,Longsuggestedusingacceptingphrasesthatcommunicateawillingnesstolisten,andtosharelife'sdifficultmomentswiththepeopleyoucareabout.Still,thepositivebenefitsofnegativeemotionsmaybebestexperiencedinrelativelysmalldosesLᑺNO.LomasQuinterohighlightedthatappreciatingthevalueofdifficultfeelingsisallaboutfindingbalance.C4Anynegativeemotioncangotoofarorturnintoaclinicalissue,“hesaid.Longagreed."ThereisanabundanceofresearchthatreallytoutsLᔿᣟOthebenefitsofpositivity,andwe'renotdenyingthatJLongsaid."Whenyoudosotoanextreme,whenyoudismisstruth,that'swhereproblemsarise.”1.WhatdoesJamieLongadvocate?A.Takingapositiveattitudetothosearoundyou.B.Listeningthoughtfullytoothers9trueexperiences.C.Choosingtolookatsituationsfromapositiveangle.,34⚓ᐳ67⚓

340.Ignoringsomeone'sdifficultexperiencestocheerup.2.Whydoestheauthormention“lookforthesilverlining^^inparagraph3?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Togiveanexample.D.Tomakeacomparison.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothebenefitsofnegativeemotions?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.DoubtfuLD.Objective.4.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Thebenefitsofpositiveemotions.B.Clinicalissuescausedbynegativity.C.Experiencingsomedifficultfeelings.D.Keepingabalancebetweenpositivityandnegativity.UᫀWXYZ[\]ᦻ^_ᦻ஺ᦻ5`⌕2>bcdᳮEeJamieLong:f᩽ghḄiᜐḄklmnopq⊝1᩽sf᩽஺1.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷u,4Ḅ“Butitshouldn'ttaketheplaceoflisteningthoughtfullytoothers'experiences."vwJamieLong/᎝yz{|}oḄ~ᔊ஺2.Cᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷u,Ḅ“Asexamplesofpositive'responsesthatmightdestroyafriend'sabilitytosharetheirfeelings,Longlistcd'lookforthesilverlining,and'itcouldbeworse'.”vw(ὅ/4”4஺3.Dᳮᑨ⚪-ᦻ5`⌕2>bcdᳮEeJamieLong:f᩽ghḄiᜐḄkl(▰,ὅᨵ⊤Ḅ஺ᵫw(ὅ:f᩽ghḄiᜐᢝ᝱I஺4.D`ᜧ¢⚪஺ᨬ7£`⌕▰⌕q⊝1᩽sf᩽஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺Passage18@⚪:¦᛻¨©HI:JKᦪ310,35⚓ᐳ67⚓

35AherdofwildAsianelephantsinSouthwestChina'sYunnanProvincehasbeenawayfromitshomefortwomonths,withitscurrentdirectionoftravelshowingtheanimalshavenointentionofreturning.Theelephantshaveattractedglobalattentionaftertheyadvancedabout500kmtothenorthfromtheiroriginalhabitatinXishuangbannaDaiAutonomousPrefectureLª«OintheprovincetoenterKunming.It'sthefurthestthataherdofwildelephantsfromXishuangbannahasevertravelledfromitshabitat.Astheherdhasmovedtoofarfromitsoriginalhabitat,andYunnanhasenteredtherainyseasonmakingitdifficulttocrossrivers,itisextremelyunlikelythattheherdwillreturntoitsoriginalhabitatatanytimesoon,saidZhangLi,afieldwildlifebiologistandprofessoratBeijingNormalUniversity.uThebestsolutionistofindanewandmoresuitablehabitatfortheherdandguidethemthere,awayfromcrowds,toreducethepossibilityofhuman-elephantconflict,“Zhangsaid.Previously,itwassupposedthatwildelephantswereleavingtheirhabitatbecausethelocalecologyhadbeendamaged,butsomeexpertspointedoutthatthemigrationofelephantsnorthwardinsteadprovedthatYunnan'secologyhasprogressedinrecentyears.“TherangeofAsianelephantsinChinahadexpandedfromtwoprefecturesandthreecountiesinthe1990stothreeprefecturesand12countiesbytheendof2020,whichalsoindicatesthattheareassuitableforAsianelephantsareincreasing/9ChenFei,directoroftheAsianElephantResearchCentersaid.Researchershaveshownthatwildanimalsundertakelong-distancemigrationdependingontheconnectivityofthelandscapeandenvironmentalconditions.TheAsianelephantswereabletoreachKunmingunimpededL¬®ḄObecauseoftherestoredforestsandfarmlandalongtheway,Chenadded.l.WhatcanwelearnaboutthewildAsianelephantsfromparagraph1?A.Theygotlostontheirwayhome.B.Theymovedforabetterlivingplace.C.TheywenttoKunminginsearchoffood.D.Theykeptheadingnorthafterleavingtheirhome.2.WhatisZhangLi'sadviceonhelpingtheelephants?A.Toguidethemtoabetterhabitat.B.Toprovidethemwithsomelocalfood.C.Tosendthembacktotheiroriginalhome.,36⚓ᐳ67⚓

36D.Toimprovethelocalenvironmentforthem.3.WhatcanwelearnfromChenFei'swords?A.Asianelephantsarelosingtheirhabitats.B.Moreforestsandfarmlandneedtoberestored.C.Thedestructionofthelocalecologyisworsening.D.TheenvironmentaffectsthemigrationoftheAsianelephants.4.What9stheauthor'sattitudetothemigrationoftheelephants?A.Pessimistic.B.Objective.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.UᫀWXYZ[\]ᦻ^_ᦻ஺ᦻ5¯ᓭ4±²B³´µ¶·¸ᩭḄᯠ᪠¼ᙢ(ᔣᓅÀÁÂ0Ãe:ḄZÄ஺1.DÅ⁚ᳮZ⚪஺᪷u,—Ḅ“Theelephantshaveattractedglobalattentionaftertheyadvancedabout50()kmtothenorthfromtheiroriginalhabitat”vw,3±²B³´µ¶·Èp¸]Ḅᯠ᪠¼ᙢ4Éᔣᓅ஺2.AÅ⁚ᳮZ⚪஺᪷u,-JḄ“Thebestsolutionistofindanewandmoresuitablehabitatfortheherdandguidethemthere”vw(ÊËyᨬiḄZÌÍlÎ3±ᜧµᑮ4ÐḄஹÒ〉ᔠÈpḄ᪠¼ᙢ(ÕÖÈpÀÁᑮ×Ø஺3.Dᳮᑨ⚪஺ᨬ74▰Ù/ᑮ“Researchershaveshownthatwildanimalsundertakelong-distancemigrationdependingontheconnectivityofthelandscapeandenvironmentalconditions.“vw(▰Ùy¦᛻ÚÛ3ܳ´µḄÀÁ஺4.B᥃²Þ⍬4ᦻ5▰(àØáâᜳᩖὅoḄs᝱I(ᦑ⌱B⚗஺Passage19@⚪:oDᯠHI:JKᦪ313,37⚓ᐳ67⚓

37OnSunday,April23,almost50,000athleteswenttothestreetstocompeteinthe2017LondonMarathon.Whilefewwereabletogetevenclosetotherecordof2:05:48,nonewereasslowasTomHarrison,whocrawledtothefinishline,sixdayslater,onApril30.However,theMetropolitanPoliceofficer,whowasdressedinagorillaLᜧᲡᲡOsuit,hadagoodreasonforhisslowness.Hehadcompletedthe26.2milesonallfourstoraisefundstohelpgorillaconservationeffortsinAfrica.The41-year-oldwhospentanaverageof8——10hoursonhishandsandknees,coveredabout4.5mileseachdaybeforecrashingathisfriend'shouseforthenight.TopreventhiskneesfromblisteringLæçO,heswitchedfromusinghishandsandkneestolopingLᜧèéOalongonhandsandfeetandtookbreaksevery100to200meters.Butthearduouscrawlwaswellworthit.Harrison,whocrossedthefinishlineat11:45am,hasraisedover£37,000,farmorethanhisoriginalgoalof£1,790,fortheGorillaOrganization,whoseeffortsaremainlyspentinRwanda,Uganda,andDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.Themuch-neededfundswillhelptrainthecommunitiesneargorillahabitatstobecomemoreself-sufficientanddecreasetheirrelianceonsellingwildlifemeatforaliving.Themoneywillalsohelppayforrangerservicestomonitorexcesshuntingofthegreatapes.Moreimportantly,Harrisonhopeshissix-daycrawlwillhighlightthebadsituationofthegorillas,whosenumbersaredecreasingatalarmingrates,andencouragemorepeopletohelpprotectthem.Whilethrilledattheoutcome,Harrison,alsoknownasMr.Gorilla,isnotdoneyet.HeintendstocontinuehisfundraisingeffortsattheannualRideLondoncyclingfestival.l.WhydidTomHarrisoncrawltothefinishline?A.Toimprovehisphysicalandmentalhealth.B.TocollectmoneyfortheGorillaOrganization.C.ToadvertisepoliciesfortheMetropolitanPolice.D.Towinthetitleoftheslowestmarathonrunner.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arduous"meaninparagraph2?A.Difficult.B.Funny.C.Harmful.□.Attractive.,38⚓ᐳ67⚓

383.WhatistheGorillaOrganizationintendedfor?A.Helpingprotecthabitatsforendangeredgorillas.B.ConservinggorillasinsomeAfricancountries.C.Supervisingandpunishingillegalhuntingofgorillas.D.Makingpeopleawareofthebadsituationofgorillas.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeTomHarrison?A.Strong.B.Diligent.C.Caring.D.Smart.UᫀWXYZ[\]ᦻ4YÐêë⍝஺ᦻ5ë⍝TomHarrisoníîïḼᜧᲡᲡñ⛲óáôᡂö÷øùúᩭûüᜧᲡᲡ஺1.BÅ⁚ᳮZ⚪஺᪷u,-,-ý"Hehadcompletedthe26.2milesonallfourstoraisefundstohelpgorillaconservationeffortsinAfHca.”Â0,“...hasraisedover£37,000...fortheGorillaOrganization...”vw,TomHarrisoníîóáᑮþḄÿᩭᔾᣎᜧᲡᲡᜧᲡᲡḄ஺2.A⚪஺᪷!"#$ᦻ&'(),TomHarrisonḄ+,-./01⁎3Ḅᦑ⌱A⚗஺3.Bᳮᑨ9⚪஺᪷!:;<=:><(),ᜧᲡᲡ?⌕/ABCᙢ0EFGHIḄᜧᲡᲡ஺4.Cᳮᑨ9⚪஺JKᐰᦻ(),TomHarrison+,MᜩᩭOPᣎᜧᲡᲡ,ᵫR9S/FT01ᐵ᰿WXᱥḄ஺Passage20Z⚪:Ꮙ]X^`a:bᦪ333Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,"'breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit'svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast?Itseemsthatthismeal,formanyofus,isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell,butisitreallythatimportant?Theword“breakfast“comesfrom'"breakingthefast1'—theideaofendingtheperiodinwhichwedon'teatduringthenight.Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfood:39⚓ᐳ67⚓

39reserves.Breakfastgivesusanopportunitytoreplenishthosereducedstoresofthingslikeproteinandcalcium.So,inthatway,ahealthybreakfastmakessense.Therearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtoconnectastateofbeingoverweightwithnoteatingbreakfast.Infact,manyhealthexpertsadviseahealthybreakfasttonotonlycontrolbutalsoloseweight.InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoversevenyears,andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohavealowerBMIfgᢣᦪiwhichseemstosuggestthatbreakfastmayindeedhelppeoplemaintainahealthyweight.Butitmightnotbeassimpleasthat.AlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen,suggeststhosewhodonothavebreakfastmightbelessawareofhealthydietsandnutrition,andpeoplewhoeatbreakfastmighthaveahealthierlifestyle,suchasexercisingandnotsmoking.AndhealsopointsoutthatwiththeriseinpopularityofintermittentjklឋḄifastingtoloseweight,theremayalsobesomebenefitsofnoteatingbreakfast,likeimprovingbloodsugarcontrolandloweringbloodpressure.So,whilebreakfasthasitsbenefits,itmightnotbethemostimportantmeal.Itseemsthatahealthylifestylewithabalanceddietmightbemoreimportantformanyofusthanjustonesinglemeal.1.Whydoestheauthorlistthequestionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Togiveawarning.B.Tooffersomeadvice.C.Tointroducethetopic.D.Toproveacertainfact.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“replenish“meaninparagraph2?A.Setaside.B.Managewithout.C.Makeupfor.D.Runoutof.3.WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromJohnstone'sresearch?A.Skippingbreakfastmaydogoodtoourhealth.B.ThosewhoeatbreakfastcankeepalowerBMLC.Breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.D.Intermittentfastingcontributesgreatlytoweightloss.:40⚓ᐳ67⚓

404.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoattheendofthetext?A.Trynewlifestyles.B.Followabalanceddiet.C.Paymoreattentiontobreakfast.D.Beawareofthebenefitsofeachmeal.nᫀpqrsKtuᦻ/vwᦻ஺Ẇy⊤w{⚶}~Ꮙ]ᨵFḄ,Bg⌕Ḅ/Ꮙ]ḄX^=ᙳ⊝Ḅ஺1.Cᳮᑨ9⚪᪷!ᦻ:F<ᑡḄ⚪ᐵ“Itseemsthatthismeal,formanyofus,isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell,butisitreallythatimportant?”()ὅᙠ:F<ᑡ⚪/AZ⚪஺2.C⚪஺᪷!ᦻ:

41OnceIaskedwhyandhetoldmethatwateringplantsspoiledthembecauseitmadethemgrowweaker.Hesaidhehadtomakethingstoughforthetreessothatonlythestrongestcouldsurvive.Hetalkedabouthowwateringtreesmadethemdevelopshallowrootsandhow,iftheywerenotwatered,treeswouldgrowdeeprootsinsearchofwater.So,insteadofwateringhistreeseverymorning,he'dbeatthemwitharolled-upnewspaper.Iaskedhimwhyhedidthat,andhesaiditwastogetthetrees9attention.DoctorGibbsdiedacoupleofyearsafterIlefthome.Everynowandthen,IwalkedbyhishouseandlookedatthetreesthatI'dwatchedhimplantsome25yearsago.Theyweretallandstrong.EverynightbeforeIgotobed,Icheckonmytwosons.Ioftenpraythattheirliveswillbeeasy.ButlatelyI'vebeenthinkingthatit'stimetochangemyprayer.Iknowmychildrenaregoingtoencounterhardship.There'salwaysacoldwindblowingsomewhere.Whatweneedtodoistoprayfordeeproots,sowhentherainsfallandthewindsblow,wewon'tbetornapart.1.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofDoctorGibbs'swayofplantingtreesatfirst?A.Perfect.B.Puzzling.C.Amusing.D.Impractical.2.WhatdidDoctorGibbsdotothetreesheplanted?A.Heletthemgrowquickly.B.Hebeatthemtogettheirattention.C.Hehelpedthemsearchforwater.D.Hereadanewspapernearthem.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDoctorGibbs?A.Kindandwise.B.Calmandbrave.C.Carefulandambitious.D.Strictanddevoted.4.WhatdoestheauthorlearnfromDoctorGibbs?A.Eldersaretreasures.B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.C.Amanwithoutvisionmusthaveimmediatesuffering.:42⚓ᐳ67⚓

42D.Onlythosewhobearthemostbecomethestrongest.᪍±uᩈpqrsKtuᦻ/Fr²³ᦻ஺ᦻ´'AὅJ-µ¶Gibbs·XḄ¸᪛ᳮºᡠ¼ᑮḄ¾¿஺1.Bᳮᑨ9⚪஺᪷!:<“So,insteadofwateringhistreeseverymorning,he'dbeatthemwitharolled-upnewspaper.Iaskedhimwhyhedidthat,andhesaiditwastogetthetrees'attention.”(),Gibbs·XÉᡭ᪛ᩈᩭËÌḄÍ஺3.Aᳮᑨ9⚪஺᪷!:F<ΓHeneveryelledatusforplayinginhisyard,andwasalwaysverykind.jᡃᙠSḄ▾ÐÑÒÓS¢ÔR}ᡃᜧÕᜧÖ,×ØÙ/Ú=Ûᡝ(),Gibbs·X/ÝCḄ;᪷!:;

43Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.Betweentheagesof14and18,teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilities.Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhardUheadedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.Butit'salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson's.Watsoncallsherself6tanordinarygirlwhohadadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.TeenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceivedjóᐜõᡂḄiviewsaboutyoungpeople.Norshouldyoung“ordinary“teenagersfeelpressuretolongfbrextraordinarypersonalgoals.Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualism.Theteenageyearsarewhenmostofus“ordinary“peoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers.l.WhyisJessicaWatsonmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.TopraiseJessica'sgreatachievement.B.Topointoutthemedia'sinterestinyoungpeople.C.Tointroduceadividedideaaboutyoungpeople'sadventures.D.ToshowthePrimeMinister'sattitudeagainstthegovernment.2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetext?A.Theyneedsupportofresponsibleadults.B.Theirabilitiesvarywiththelevelofindependence.C.Theytendtomakewrongdecisionsbetween14and18.D.Theirattemptsindangerousjourneysprovetheirlackingexperience.3.WhatdoesJessicameanbycallingherself"anordinarygirlwhohadadream”?A.Dreamsneedencouragement.B.Teenagersshouldhavewilddreams.C.EveryonewouldaccomplishwhatJessicahasdone.:44⚓ᐳ67⚓

440.Ordinaryteenscouldalsomakegreatachievements.4.What,stheauthor'sattitudetowardsteenagerstravellingalone?A.Supportive.B.DoubtfuLC.Unconcerned.D.Sympathetic.nᫀpqrsKtuᦻ/Fr¨ºᦻ஺ᦻ?⌕´'AöF÷øùúḄ☘üýþ1ᡂᜮᩩ
஺JessicaWatsonᜧᑭḄ,ᔜᨵḼḄ஺1.Cᳮᑨ!⚪஺᪷$ᦻ&'()Ḅ“Itseemedthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeople.”*+,-JessicaWatsonḄᑈ◅Ḅ012Ḅ஺ᦻ&34567ᦻ8ᑈ◅0Ḅ90:;஺2.Aᳮᑨ!⚪஺᪷$'<()Ḅᐵ>?@“butbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults"A"bywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters”*+,☘C◤⌕FGHḄᡂḄJᢝ஺3.Dᳮᑨ!⚪஺᪷$'L()Ḅ“HerintentMnistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.“*+,JessicaWatsonNOPᨵQRḄST᝕V6ḄWḄXRYZᐸ\☘C]᝛᪵`abcᜧḄᡂd஺4.Bᳮᑨ!⚪᪷$ᨬh()Ḅ“Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstresses0individualism."ijkl,ᡃnᓫpqḄ56r-stuvw*+xὅz{|Op0}r-stuv஺~xὅ0ᢝ“ᶧ”Ḅ᝱஺Passage23⚪:᛻:ᦪ365Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinpiirticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblemintheGlobalSouth'slandfillsitesiᚗw.'45⚓ᐳ67⚓

45Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.ButAgbogbloshieshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednations9unauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,circumventstheregulationsbyexportinge-wastelabelledas''secondhandgoods“topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnotsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury(),leadandevenarsenic().Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat'sabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers9waste.Forexample,GermanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsysteminAgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhengovernments?greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.1.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Electronicproductsneedimprovingurgently.B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.C.ElectronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsitesacrossGhana.0.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents“inparagraph3mean?'46⚓ᐳ67⚓

46A.Tightens.B.Abolishes.C.Avoids.D.Follows.3.Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?A.TheviolationofEFSA'sstandard.B.ThelackofdiversityinGhana'sexports.C.Thedamagetochickens9immunesystem.D.Thethreatofpollutedfoodaroundtheworld.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?A.Manufacturers9developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.B.Governments5adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesone-waste.C.Reducingcustomers?demandsforelectronicproducts.D.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.ᐻ¡¢£¤¥ᦻX¡¦§ᦻ஺ᦻ&¨©ªᵯ6ᚗ¬ᙠ¯°)±²,³´ᡂᓻ¶ᐰḄ¸¹,~º»Aᑴ⌼ᖪ¿ÀÁxbÂÃÄCᵯ6ᚗÅÆ஺1.Dᳮᑨ!⚪9᪷$'<()ḄElectronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.*+,ÇḼᵯ6ᚗḄÈÉÊË,AgbogbloshieᙢÍḄᵯ6ÅÆᡂªÎÏḄÐ⚪஺2.CÑv⚪஺Òᔠl7ᦻ*+,ÔÕᡠᙠḄ×6ØÙXᵯ6ᚗ0ÚᡭḼᔣ¯°)±²b“<ÝᖪÞ”Ḅß6àᵯ6ᚗáâᑮ¯°)±²ᩭåæçèéê¸ëìḄíî,*+ÔÕḄØÙ“íå<3.Dᳮᑨ!⚪<᪷$'ï()ḄMostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.*+.ðñ᜜ᜧób**ôAõö,ᡠ3ᐰᳫ¿øùᑮÅÆúᱥḄüý஺'47⚓ᐳ67⚓

474.Aᳮᑨ!⚪஺᪷$ᨬh(*+,xὅn¢þᵯ6ᚗÐ⚪Ḅᐵ>ᙠ-ÿᖪ⍳ᢝḄᑣஹᦈᑭᵨ◀஺Passage24⚪:#$%ᢈ')*:+,ᦪ308Youhaveprobablyreadthatrobotsreplacinghumanlaborasaneweraofautomationtakesrootinoneindustryafteranother.Butanewreportsuggestshumansarenottheonlyoneswhomightlosetheirjobs.InNewZealand,farmersareusingdrones./012toherdandmonitorcowsandsheep,takingupapositionthathighlyintelligentdogshaveheldformorethanacentury.Therobotshavenotreplacedthedogsentirely,RadioNewZealandreports,buttheyhaveappropriated.3ᵨ2oneoftheanimaPsmostpowerfultools:barking.TheDJIMavic2Enterprise,a$2,000dronefavoredbyfarmers,hasafeaturethatletsthemachinerecordsoundsandplaythemoveraloudspeaker,givingthemachinetheabilitytoactasthedogs.CoreyLambeth,ashepherdonafarm,toldRNZthemachinesaresurprisinglyeffective."That9stheonethingI'venoticedwhenyou'removingcowsthattheoldcowsstanduptothedogs,butwiththedrones,they'veneverdonethatJhesaid,notingthedronesmovecowsfaster,withlessstress,thanthedogsdo.Thedronescomeinhandyformorethanjustherdingcowsandsheep.Therobotsallowfarmerstomonitortheirlandfromafar,monitoringwaterandfeedlevelsandcheckingontheanimals'healthwithoutdisturbingthem.JasonRentoultoldRNZthatatwo-hourherdingjobthatusedtorequiretwopeopleandtwoteamsofdogscouldbeaccomplishedin45minutesusingasingledrone."Beingonahillyfarmwherealotofstuffisdoneonfoot,thedronesreallysavealotofman-hours,hesaid.Fornow,farmerssay,thereisstillaneedforherdingdogs,primarilybecausetheyhavealongerlifespanthandrones,canworkinbadweatheranddonotrequireanelectricalsocketeveryfewhourstorecharge.l.Whatisthemainadvantageofthedronesoverherdingdogs?A.Thedronescantakeupajobthatthedogshardlydowellanylonger.B.Thedronescanfrightentheoldcowswhicharenotafraidofthedogs.C.Thedronescanfinishaherdingjobmoreefficientlythanthedogs.D.Thedronescanworkonahillyfarmandinextremeweatherwhilethedogscan't.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Herdingdogswillgraduallylosetheirpositiononthefarm.B.Thedronescanonlycopythedogs'barkingwiththecurrenttechnology.448⚓ᐳ67⚓

48C.Thedronesaremulti-functionalandleavetheanimalsundisturbed.D.ThemarketfortheDJIMavic2Enterpriseisprettysmallbecauseofitshighprice.3.Accordingtothepassage,whycan'tthedronesreplacethedogsentirely?A.Becausethedronescan'tbarkasloudlyasthedogsdo.B.Becausecowsarenotusedtoseeingthedrones.C.Becausethedronesaremuchmoreexpensivethantheanimals.D.Becausethedrones'powerislimitedandtheyneedchargingfromtimetotime.4.Whatistheauthor9sattitudetowardsthedronesinthepassage?A.Supportive.B.Objective.C.CriticaLD.Doubtful.7ᫀ9:;<=>?ᦻABᦻ஺ᦻCDEFᐲḄHIᵨ/01JKᱣMNᩭPᱣQMABR/01ḄST,Vᐸ?XYZᙠ\]^ᜐ஺1.C`ᳮᑨc⚪J᪷fᦻC4gh4ijḄᑁlm.%ᱣMNop/01Ḅq⌕Sstuvwxᦔᙢ{ᡂPᱣ}~஺2.C`ᳮᑨc⚪஺᪷fᦻC4ijm./01tvḄDᙠ\᡾ᱥḄ஺3.D⁚ᳮ<⚪஺᪷fᦻCᨬjm/01\v{ᐰJKᱣMNt/01Ḅvᨵ▲u◤⌕\ᙢᐙᵯ஺4.B`ᳮᑨc⚪஺ᦻC+ὅ\ABR/01ᙠHIPᱣ¡QM¢☢ZᙠḄSs,YT¤Rᐸvᨵ▲◤⌕\ᙢᐙᵯᙠូ¦ᜩ¨\©ḄªT஺ᵫ¬m.ὅ/01Ḅ᝱*t¯°Ḅ஺Passage25⚪:±²%$³)*:+,ᦪ267WatchinghumorousvideosontheInternetatworkisn'talwaysawasteoftime.AccordingtoRubyNadler,aPh.D.studentattheUniversityofWesternOntario,^Generally,apositivemoodhasbeenfoundto449⚓ᐳ67⚓

49enhancecreativeproblem-solvingandflexibleyetcarefulthinking.^^SheandhercolleaguespublishednewresearchinPsychologicalScience.Studentsinthestudywereputintovariousmoodsbeforebeinggivenacategorylearningassignmenttocomplete(theylearnedtoclassifysetsofpictureswithvisuallycomplexpatterns).Theresearchersusedmusicandvideoclipstoalterpeople'smoods;initially,theytestedoutafewtoseewhichonesmadeindividualsthehappiestandsaddest.ThehappiestmusicwasacheerfulMozartcomposition,whilethehappiestvideowasanewbornlaughing.Theresearchersthenusedthemintheexperiment,alongwithsadmusicandvideo(apieceofmusicfromSchindler'sListandanewsreportaboutanearthquake)andmusicandvideothathadnoeffectonthemood.Peoplewererequiredtolearntodetectapatternafterlisteningtothemusicandseeingthevideo.Volunteerswhowerehappywerebetteratlearningaruletocategorizethepatternsthanthosewhoweresadorindifferent.“Ifyouhaveaprojectwhereyouwanttothinkinnovatively,oryouhaveaproblemtocarefullyconsider,beinginapositivemoodcanhelpyoutodothat,^^Nadlersays.Andlisteningtomusicisasimplemethodtoputyourselfinagoodmood.Everyonerespondstovarioustypesofmusic,sodon'tfeelitamusttoswitchtoMozart,sheadds.1.Whatistheresearchabout?A.Theeffectsofhumorousvideos.B.Positivemoodsandcreativethinking.C.Waystosolvecreativeproblems.D.Typesoflearning.2.Whatwerethevolunteersrequiredtodoatlastintheresearch?A.Experiencevariousmoods.B.Decidewhichmusicmadethemthehappiestandsaddest.C.Classifypictureswithcomplexpatterns.D.Listentothemusicandseethevideo.3.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheconclusion?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingexplanations.450⚓ᐳ67⚓

50D.Bymakingclassifications.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Mozartisabetterchoicethanothertypesofmusic.B.Classicmusicistheeasiestwaytomakepeoplehappy.C.Youcan'tthinkinnovativelybeinginabadmood.0.Listeningtohappymusiccanenhancecreativethinking.´9:;<=>?ᦻtABᦻ஺ᦻCq⌕ABRFµᜧᶍᜧ$Ḅ¸¹±RubyNadler᝛Ḅ»¼⊤Ḅ⚗ẆÀ—Â᩽ḄÄvÅÆÇ⌼ឋÊ஺1.B⁚ᳮ<⚪஺᪷f4j+“'Generally,apositivemoodhasbeenfoundtoenhancecreativeproblemUsolvingandflexibleyetcarefulthinking/SheandhercolleaguespublishednewresearchinPsychologicalScienceËmÌ⚗ẆÀtᐵÎÂ᩽ḄÄÇ⌼ឋÊḄ஺2.C⁚ᳮ<⚪஺᪷f4gj+“theylearnedtoclassifysetsofpictureswithvisuallycomplexpatterns^^DÏ4Ðj+“PeoplewererequiredtolearntodetectapatternafterlisteningtothemusicandseeingthevideoËmÑÒὅᨬ◤⌕ÓᫀÔᩖḄÓᱏÆ×ᑖÙ஺3.A`ᳮᑨc⚪஺ᩈÛf4gj+“Theresearchersusedmusicandvideoclipstoalterpeople'smoods;initially,theytestedoutafewtoseewhichonesmadeindividualsthehappiestandsaddest.”DÏ4Ðj+“Theresearchersthenusedthemintheexperiment,alongwithsadmusicandvideo...andmusicandvideothathadnoeffectonthemood.”m,ẆÀ0ᕒtÝÞpßᩭÆ×ẆÀà¤ẆÀáâḄ஺4.D`ᳮᑨc⚪ᨌ᪷f4jDÏᨬjmäåæḄçèDé0ê៝æìíÅÆÇ⌼ឋÊ஺Passage26⚪:î᛻ðñ)*+,ᦪ297Anewsurveymethodisinventedtocountwildspecies.Africanelephantsarethefirstanimalstobesuccessfullycountedfromspacewhilemovingthroughacomplicatedlandscapethatrangesfromopengrassestoforests.451⚓ᐳ67⚓

51Typically,conservationistsdothisfromlow-flyingplanesinordertocountandmonitorAfricanelephants,amethodthattakesmanyhours.Withthenewtechniquethatcombinessatelliteimagerywithartificialintelligence,upto3,100squaremilescanbesurveyedonasingleblue-skydayinminutes.Then,thedeepUlearningcomputeranalyzesthoseimagesandpickoutindividualelephants.Thenewtechniqueisakeypartofensuringthesurvivaloftheendangeredspecies.Duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatdestruction,just415,000Africanelephantsarelivinginthewild."Accuratemonitoringisessentialifwe'retosavethespecies,“saidOlgaIsupova,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofBathintheUK."Wcneedtoknowwheretheanimalsareandhowmanythereare.”Whatreallymakesthisstudystandapartfromothersatellite-trackingprojectsishowsuccessfulthecomputerprogramisatpickingouttheelephantsfromtheircomplexbackgrounds,includinggrasslandsandpartiallytree-coveredlandscapes.Satelliteimageryisalsoamuchmoreefficientsurveymethodthanthecurrentflyoversurveyscarriedout,whichisfasterandavoidsdouble-countingthesameelephants.Theremotesurveyalsoreducestheimpactresearchershaveontheanimalsandallowsthemtocountindividualsmovingbetweencountries."Althoughthisisaproofofconcept,ifsreadytogo,“saidProfessorDuporge,azoologistattheOxfordUniversity."Andconservationorganizationsarealreadyinterestedinusingthistoreplacesurveysusingaircraft.Assatelliteimagingimproves,othersmallerspeciesmaysoonbeabletobecountedingreaterdetailfromspacetoo.”l.Whatareusedinthenewstudymethod?A.AIandsurveys.B.Satellitesandaircraft.C.Planesandcomputers.D.Satellitesandcomputers.2.Whatleadstothereductionofwildelephants?A.Climatechange.B.Politicalactivities.C.Environmentalthreat.D.Socialimprovement.3.Whatistheadvantageofthenewmethodcomparingtotheold?452⚓ᐳ67⚓

52A.Lessmoney.B.Moreaccurate.C.Lessworkers.D.Morecomplex.4.WhatisDuporge'sattitudetowardsthenewmethod?A.Worried.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.òôuᩈ9:;<=>?ᦻt;ABᦻõöR÷EḄøùú±ᱥ÷Ḅûü¢ý஺1.D⁚ᳮ<⚪஺᪷f4gj+“Withthenewtechniquethatcombinessatelliteimagerywithartificialintelligence...thedeep-learningcomputeranalyzesthoseimagesandpickoutindividualelephants.“mᙠEḄẆÀ¢ý+þᵨRÿ
஺2.C⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷“Duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatdestruction,just415,000Africanelephantsarelivinginthewild.”᛻ḄᜧḄ!஺3.B"ᳮᑨ$⚪஺᪷%“Whatreallymakesthisstudystand&artfromothersatellite-trackingprojectsishowsuccessfulthecomputerprogramisatpickingouttheelephantsfromtheircomplexbackgrounds,includinggrasslandsandpartiallytree-coveredlandscapes.”'()ḄẆ+,-./!1234ḄẆ+,-ᨬ67Ḅ89:;<=>?஺4.D"ᳮᑨ$⚪஺᪷ᨬ@A“Assatelliteimagingimproves,othersmallerspeciesmaysoonbeabletobecountedingreaterdetailfromspacetoo.”,DuporgeC2'()ḄẆ+,-Ḅ᝱E;F᩽HIḄ஺Passage27J⚪:ᏉMNPEQᦪ288OverhalfofCanadianyouthandyoungadultswhohaveconsumedenergydrinkshaveexperiencednegativehealtheffectsasaresult,accordingtoastudyfromtheUniversityofWaterloo.53⚓ᐳ67⚓

53InanationwidesurveyofCanadianyouth,overhalfofthosewhohadeverconsumedanenergydrinkhadreportedexperiencinganegativehealthevent.Currently,Canadianlegislationprohibitsenergydrinksfrombeingmarketedtochildrenandenergydrinksarenotrecommendedtobeusedbypeopleparticipatinginsportingactivities.“Mostriskassessmentstodatehaveusedcoffeeasthereferenceforestimatingthehealtheffectsofenergydrinks.However,itisclearthattheseproductscauseagreaterhealthriskJsaidDavidHammond,aprofessorintheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofWaterloo."Thehealtheffectsfromenergydrinkscouldbeduetothedifferentingredientsthancoffee,orthewaysinwhichtheyconsumed,includingwithalcoholorduringphysicalactivity.Regardless,thefindingssuggestaneedtoincreasemonitoringofhealtheffectsfromtheseproducts.”Inconductingthestudy,theresearcherssurveyed2,055youngCanadiansaged12to24.0fthosewhohadreportedconsumingenergydrinksatsomepointintheirlives,55.4percentreportedexperiencinganegativehealthevent.Ofthosereportingnegativehealthevents,24.7percentreportedexperiencingafastheartbeat,24.1percentreporteddifficultysleepingand18.3percentreportedexperiencingheadaches.“Thenumberofhealtheffectsobservedinourstudysuggeststhatmoreshouldbedonetorestrictconsumptionamongchildrenandyouth,“saidHammond.uAtthemoment,therearenorestrictionsonchildrenpurchasingenergydrinks,andtheyaremarketedatthepointofsaleingrocerystores,aswellasadvertisingthattargetschildren.l.WhoareforbiddentotakeenergydrinksinCanada?A.Children.B.Athletes.C.Oldpeople.D.Healthypeople.2.Whatmakesenergydrinkshavenegativeeffects?A.Thedifferentingredientsinthem.B.Thecoffeecontainedinthem.C.Thequantityconsumedatatime.D.Theplacewheretheyareconsumed.3.Whatwritingskillisusedinparagraph4?A.Comparingresults.B.Listingfigures.54⚓ᐳ67⚓

54C.Givingexamples.D.Raisingquestions.4.WhatcanweinferfromHammond'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Itisillegalforchildrentobuyenergydrinks.B.Energydrinksaresoldonlyingrocerystores.C.Somechildactorsadvertiseenergydrinks.D.It'salongwaytobanchildrenfromenergydrinks.UXuᩈYZ[\1]ᦻ;_`ᦻ஺ᦻaᵨᦪ_`cdeᧇC☘!hḄᏉM⌼ᡂḄk☢mn஺1.A⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷oḄ“Currently,Canadianlegislationprohibitsenergydrinksfrombeingmarketedtochildrenp=qᜧἭsᔣuv├xcdeᧇ஺2.A⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷Ḅ“Thehealtheffectsfromenergydrinkscouldbeduetothedifferentingredientsthancoffee”cdeᧇCᏉMᨵk☢mn;z{|ᨵ}~Ḅᡂᑖ஺3.B"ᳮᑨ$⚪-%ᑡᜧdᦪᩭ_`cdeᧇᩭḄk☢mn஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺4.D"ᳮᑨ$⚪஺᪷ᨬ@AḄ"Thenumberofhealtheffectsobservedinourstudysuggeststhatmoreshouldbedonetorestrictconsumptionamongchildrenandyouth”
“Atthemoment,therearenorestrictionsonchildrenpurchasingenergydrinks”⌕Ἥsuv
☘!hcdeᧇ,ᨵ⌕஺Passage28J⚪ᢈPE:Qᦪ294Researchershavebeenlookingintosiliconcarbideᓄấ,apromisingalternativematerialforthesemiconductorindustry,forseveralyearsnow.Size,weightandefficiencyarethreeimportantfactorsforpowerelectronicstofitine-cars.Siliconcarbidemeetsallthreefactors.Itismoreefficientbutleavesasmallerfootprintthanconventionalsemiconductorssuchassilicon.Evenso,siliconcarbideisn'ttobefoundinanye-carsontheroadtoday.Thissemiconductormaterialisstilllimitedtoresearchlabs.Toshiftitfromthelabtothefactory,theSiliconCarbideModuleᙽprojecthastakenintoconsiderationalltheconditionsofindustrialproduction.Themodule'sdesignisagoodcase:55⚓ᐳ67⚓

55researchersatFraunhoferIZMarebasingitonthestructureoftheclassicprintedcircuitboardthattheindustryhaslongfavored.Thisshouldspeedupitsfirstdisplay.Themoduleisalsobenefitingfromthelatestscientificadvances.Insteadofwire-bondingthesemiconductortothepackage,theresearchersdecidedtoputitdirectlyinthecircuit.Theteamalsobroughtthepotentialcustomeronboardforthisdevelopmenteffort.Intheproject'sfirstyear,theydrewupaspecificationsheetillustratingtherequirementsforthemoduleandsemiconductor.Theresearchersworkedcloselywithusers,cateringtotheirwisheswhentheydeterminedtheproductspecification.Automakers,componentsuppliersandOEMsweredirectlyinvolvedintheefforttomapoutthepower-electronicmodule'ssize,layoutandelectricalcircuits.Thegroupsoughttomakethemostofthespaceavailableinthevehicle'spowertrain.LarsBottcher,groupleaderatFraunhoferIZMandheadoftheSiCsubproject,says,“Themajorgoalistoadvancethenewsemiconductormaterialsiliconcarbidetomassproduction.^^1.Whatdoweknowaboutsiliconcarbide?A.Itislargerthansilicon.B.Itisstillunderresearch.C.Ithasbeenusedinsomee-cars.D.Ithasbeenshiftedtothefactory.2.Whydidresearchersbringthepotentialcustomer?A.Todrawupaformalagreement.B.Toadjustthemoduleaccordingly.C.Towitnesstheireffortandsuccess.D.Towire-bondthesemiconductortothepackage.3.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthegroupaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Tomass-producesiliconcarbide.B.Tochangetheshapeofthemodule.C.Toincreasethevolumeofthemodule.D.Toexpandtheproductionofpoweredvehicles.4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheresearch?A.Optimistic.B.Tolerant.56⚓ᐳ67⚓

56C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.᪍¢uᩈYZ[\1]ᦻ;_`ᦻ஺ᦻa£⌕¤¥)¦ḄᩞᧇᓄấḄẆ¨©ª஺1.B⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷oḄ“Thissemiconductormaterialisstilllimitedtoresearchlabs.”'(ᩞᧇ«ᙠẆ+஺2.Bᑨ$⚪®᪷3"¯Ẇ+ὅ⍸²³ᙠ´ᡝ¶;{·¸´ᡝ◤ºC'Aᙽ7»¼½᦮஺3.A⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷ᨬ@AḄ“Themajorgoalistoadvancethenewsemiconductormaterialsiliconcarbidetomassproduction.”'¿ÀÁḄ£⌕ÂḄ;dÃᓄấ஺4.A"ᳮᑨ$⚪஺᪷ᐰᦻÅᐸ;AḄ“Researchershavebeenlookingintosiliconcarbide,apromisingalternativematerialforthesemiconductorindustry,forseveralyearsnow.”
Ḅ“Themoduleisalsobenefitingfromthelatestscientificadvances.”ὅCÇẆ+;ᢝHI᝱EḄ஺Passage29J⚪:ᢈPE:PQᦪ377Singaporeusesabouttwobillionlitersofwatereveryday—anumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades.ThatkindofconsumptionisaddingpressuretotheAsiancitystatetoaddressgrowingconcernsaboutglobalwatershortage.Soit'sbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselffbrafuturewhereobtainingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult."Singaporetrulyhasbecomeaglobalwatercenter,,5saidShaneSnyder,executivedirectorofNanyangEnvironment&WaterResearchInstituteatSingapore'sNanyangTechnologicalUniversity.4UButasitstands,itimportsapproximately40%ofitswatertoday.Andwithclimatechange,thatwaterhasbecomefarlessdependable.^^Singapore,meanwhile,ishometomorethanfivemillionpeopleandiscoveredinfountains,reservoirsandotherwaterfeatures-includingtheworld'stallestindoorwaterfallthatpumpsabout45,000litersofwaterperminute.Butithasnonaturalwatersourcesofitsown,insteadrelyingheavilyonrecycledwaterandimportsfromitsneighbors.57⚓ᐳ67⚓

57Snyder'sresearchfacilityisoneofseveralplacesdevelopingsolutionsforSingapore'swaterdependency.Thehopeistocreateprojectsthatcouldbeusedacrossthecity."Whatwehavebecomeusedtoasreliablewatermayquicklychange-sowehavetobeprepared,andwehavetobethinkingaboutthebasicfacilitiesinadvance/5Snydersaid."There'sabigdrivetobecomewaterindependent—tocontrolourownfuture—andthatislargelydependentonthetechnologieswe9redeveloping.^^Anothercompany,Wateroam,isalreadytakinginnovationfromSingaporetotherestoftheregion.Foundedin2014,Wateroamsaysithasdevelopedalightweight,portablefiltration()devicethathasalreadyprovidedcleandrinkingwatertomorethan75,000peopleacrossSoutheastAsia.WateroamCEODavidPongsaidoneofthemostinnovativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity.Thewaterfiltrationdeviceisnobiggerthanabicyclepump,yetitcanprovidecleanwatertovillagesof100peopleforuptotwoyears.“We'vebeenveryblessedtohaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater/9Pongsaid.It'snecessarytobringtheprivilegetotherestoftheregion,andadvocatethatcleanwaterisanessentialaspectforlifeonEarth,accordingtohim.1.WhatworsensthewatershortageprobleminSingapore?A.Morewaterimports.B.Thelackoftechnology.C.Theincreasingpopulation.D.Doublewaterconsumption.2.HowcanwatercrisisinSingaporebeeased?A.Searchingfornaturalwatersources.B.Controllingtheincreaseofpopulation.C.Importingwaterfrommoreneighbors.D.Usingtechnologiestoprovidecleanwater.3.WhatdoweknowaboutthefiltrationdevicefromParagraph5?A.Itiseasytocarryanduse.B.Itislargerthanabicyclepump.C.IthasalreadybeenusedacrossAsia.D.Ithasalreadybeeninusefortwoyears.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?58⚓ᐳ67⚓

58A.CleanwaterisanessentialaspectforlifeonEarth.B.TechnologycanhelpSingaporeoutwithitswatershortage.C.TheincreasingwaterconsumptionisaddingpressuretoSingapore.D.Singapore'sfiltrationdevicehasprovidedmanypeoplewithcleanwater.ᦑÊÉYZ[\1]ᦻ;_`ᦻ஺ᦻa£⌕¤¥ᢈ3ËÌ)=ᚁÎÏÐÑ⚪஺1.D⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷A“SingaporeusesabouttwobillionlitersofwatereverydayAanumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades."3Òo“ThatkindofconsumptionisaddingpressuretotheAsiancitystatetoaddressgrowingconcernsaboutglobalwatershortagÓ''ὑÐMJÉÖ×)ØÉᚁḄÏÐÑ⚪ូᓄ஺2.D"ᳮᑨ$⚪஺᪷o"Soit'sbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselfforafuturewhereobtainingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult.”ᑭᵨᢈᩭÛ)=ᚁḄÐᓻ஺3.A$⚪2…᪷Ý“ithasdevelopedalightweight,portablefiltrationdevice"
"oneofthemostinnovativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity”ÇÞßàáâ2ã
×ᵨ஺4.B£äᜧå⚪஺]ᦻ£⌕æçᢈ3ËÌ)=ᚁÎÏÐÑ⚪஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺Passage30J⚪:F᩽ḄN᝱EPE:Qᦪ422Mydaughterwasbeingthrownoutofthesixthgrade.Theteachersaid,“Shemaynotbeuptowhatwe'retryingtoaccomplish.,,Hewasreallysayingshedidn'thavetheintelligence.IgotmadbecauseIknewshewassmart,justasmyfatherhadknownIwassmartwhenIwasfailinginschool.Wehadhertested.Idecidedtogetmyselftestedaswell,andfoundthatthetroublesshewashavingwereexactlywhatIhadhadAdyslexia.BythenIwasasuccessfultelevisionwriter,andhadwonanEmmyAwardforTheRockfordFiles.IfIhadknownearlierthatsomethingbeyondmycontrolcouldexplainwhyIwasalowachiever,Imaynothaveworkedsohardinmylate20sandearly30s.Iwaswritingandwriting.Iwasworkingfornootherreasonthantohearpeoplepraiseme,becauseIdidbadlyinallmycourses.IonceaskedafriendwhohadalwaysgottenanA,“Howlongdidyoustudyforthis?"Hesaid,“Ididn't.Ijustglancedatit."Sohemustbesmarter.Ibegantoask,"WhatwillhappentomewhenI'mnotgoodat59⚓ᐳ67⚓

59anything?^^Despitemydoubts,Ididbecomesuccessful,andpeoplenowsaytome,“Soyou'veovercomedyslexia.”No.Idon'tovercomeit,Ilearntocompensateforit.Someeasythingsareveryhardforme.MostpeoplereadtwiceasfastasIdo.IavoiddialinganumberifIcan,becauseIsometimeshavetotrythreetimestogetthenumberright.Despitemyweaknesses,Iviewdyslexiaasagift,notacurseèᕴ.Manydyslexicsaregoodatright-brain,abstractthought,andthat'swhatmykindofcreativewritingis.AndIcanwritequickly,andcangetupto15pagesaday.Writingismystrength.TherealfearIhavefordyslexicchildrenisnotthattheyhavetostruggleinschool,butthattheywillquitthemselvesbeforetheygetoutofschool.Parentshavetocreatevictoriesforthem,whetherit'smusic,sportsorart.Youcanmakeyourdyslexicchildabletosay,"Yeah,readingishard.ButIhaveotherthingsIcando.”l.Thewriterdecidedtogethimselftestedaswellbecausehe.A.wantedtoknowiftheyhadthesameproblemB.didn'tbelievehisdaughterhadtheproblemC.hadtotakearegularmedicalexamination0.acceptedthathisdaughterwasnotsmart2.Wecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthatthewriter.A.struggledandgotbettergradesB.didn'tworkhardwhenhewasyoungC.waspraisedforovercomingdyslexiaD.wasthankfulnotknowingofdyslexiaearlier3.Accordingtothepassage,adyslexicperson.A.islessintelligentB.alwaysfailsinschoolC.readsmoreslowlythannormalpeopleD.performsworseinleft-brainactivities4.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Clumsybirdshavetostartflyingearly.B.Godshutsonedoorbutopensanother.60⚓ᐳ67⚓

60C.Neverjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.D.Noonecanmakeagoodcoatwithbadcloth.ëᫀYZ[\1]ᦻ;íîᦻ஺ὅᨵï\ðPñ;ὅòÞóôḄõØᡂ{A⊈÷Ḅᵯùᒓûüýþÿᝄ஺ὅᕴᱥ஺ᐵᡧḄᯠᡭ"ᡧ#஺1.A$⁚⚪஺᪷()*ḄWehadhertested.Idecidedtogetmyselftestedaswell,andfoundthatthetroublesshewashavingwereexactlywhatIhadhaddyslexia.,-ὅ.᝕0123456789:;.᝕0ᨵ᪵Ḅ>⚪——஺@A,ὅCD89E245@FG⌕-⍝᝕0ᔲ.Fᨵ᪵Ḅ>⚪஺2.DKLMᑨO⚪஺᪷()P*ḄIfIhadknownearlierthatsomethingbeyondmycontrolcouldexplainwhyIwasalowachiever,Imaynothaveworkedsohardinmylate20sandearly30s.Q᝞SᡃUV᎛-⍝XYZ[ᡃ\ᑴ_Ḅ`a,bcdefᡃgᡂijkḄl,ᡃ,mᙠ20op.30p[ᜮḄ᎛rfstu,-.ὅwxyᨵU-⍝89ᨵ஺3.C$⁚ᳮc⚪஺᪷(){*ḄMostpeoplereadtwiceasfastasIdo.,-,H|Ḅl}~l᠒஺4.B⚪᪷(᎔ᦪ)P*,-ὅᱥᕴ஺oὅᾯ.ᔠὅ8,KO,ᐵᡧḄᯠᡭ"ᡧ#஺Passage31⚪:᛻:ᦪ343Oneofthecostsofbeingaloverofoldtreesistheall-too-frequentlossofabeautifulsoulyou'vegrownfondof.Lastsummerwasharderthanmostforoldtreesandtheirhumansupporters.Thespring'snonstoprainfloodedsoilsandcausedrootsystemsofmanylarge,oldtreestorotinpart.Then,whenthesummer)61⚓ᐳ67⚓

61came,treescouldnottapdeepsourcesofwaterthatwouldnormallyhavemaintainedthem.Manyvaluableoldtreesdied.WhenIvolunteeredontheMountRainierTreeCommission,Iheardfrommanypeopleconcernedabouttheirtrees.Wehadlittletoofferthem.That'sbecausepublicandprivateurbantreeresourcesandprogramswereaimedalmostentirelyatplantingtreesandnotatallmaintainingtrees.NostateorprovinceprogramthatIcouldfindprovidedanyfinancialresourcesformaintainingtreehealth.Smallandunder-resourcedcitiessuchasourswereontheirown.Thisisbackward.Scientistsarelearningthatlarge,oldtreesarethemostvaluable,especiallyincities.Theyputonwoodfastestandtakethemostcarbonoutoftheair.Theyharborthemostwildlife.Theycanlowersummertemperaturesby20degreesormore.Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthatBostonwouldgetmorebenefitfromkeepingthetreesithasalivethanfromplantingnewtrees.There5sthereasontothinkthisfindingwouldapplyinothercities,too.Now,ourpublicandprivatetreeprogramsoftenignoreoldtreesuntilitistoolate.Aslongasweabandonouroldtrees,plantingmoreismerelytokeeppacewithgrowinglosses.Wewanttreestohelpprotectus,butweleavethemunprotected.Considerthisinthehumanworld:Nobodywouldsendababyintotheworldandexpectittojustmakeit.Childrenneedcareandit'swhywehaveschoolsandchildhealth-insuranceprograms.Wecouldgetsomuchmoreoutofourtreesifwejustputalittlemoreintothem.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph1suggest?A.Strongdeterminationtoplanttrees.B.Realregretatgrowingoldtrees.C.Greatconcernabouttreeproblems.D.Deeploveforvaluableoldtrees.2.Whywastheauthoralmostpowerlesstohelppeopleworriedabouttheirtrees?A.Theurbantreeprogramswerefacedwithfinancialproblems.B.Theauthor'sknowledgeofmaintainingtreehealthwaslimited.C.Thefocusofthetreeresourcesandprogramswasontreeplanting.D.Theorganizationtheauthorvolunteeredonwasshortoftreeexperts.3.Theauthorarguesinparagraph3by.A.comparingdifferentcasesB.presentingresearchfindings)62⚓ᐳ67⚓

62C.referringtoscientists'sayingsD.carryingoutsomeexperiments4.Whydoestheauthorgivetheexampleofnursingbabiesintheend?A.Tostresstheimportanceoftreeinsuranceprograms.B.Toshowthecloseconnectionbetweentreesandbabies.C.Toadvocateprotectingtreesashumanscareforbabies.D.Topersuadehumanbeingstopaymoreattentiontobabies.¡ᫀ£¤¥c¦§ᦻ¥©ªᦻ஺ᦻ«¬3V®᪛@°±²³ὅ´᎝᪛ᩈ·᪵¸m¹᪛ᩈº»¼oḄ½ᜐ஺1.DK¿À⚪஺᪷()*ḄLastsummerwasharderthanmostforoldtreesandtheirhumansupporters...Manyvaluableoldtreesdied.,-³ÁÂᜩÄÅ®᪛.®᪛᰾ÇὅᩭÉ1Ê⁎,@o®᪛²ᣵ3஺ᵫA,bKOÎÏᜐÐ⌕ÑḄ®᪷t᰿ÇὅÄ®᪛Ḅ᰾஺2.C$⁚ᳮc⚪஺᪷()P*ÓÔÕ,-ὅÖt×ØÙÚஹ᪛ᩈḄlÜ@᪛ᩈÝÞ.ßᑜ┐ÄḄâ᪛஺3.BKᳮᑨO⚪஺᪷(ᦻ«)Ô*ḄScientistsarelearningthat...Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthat…,-§*äå´[æ5SᩭçèªéḄ஺4.CKᳮᑨO⚪஺᪷(ᨬë*ḄConsiderthisinthehumanworld:Nobodywouldsendababyintotheworldandexpectittojustmakeit.Childrenneedcareandit'swhywehaveschoolsandchildhealthUinsuranceprograms.Wecouldgetsomuchmoreoutofourtreesifwejustputalittlemoreintothem.,-ìíὅᙠîᔙlÜ⌕ᐵÚ.᪛ᩈ஺Passage32⚪:ðñòᢈô:ᦪ271)63⚓ᐳ67⚓

63Organicfoodisverypopular.Itisalsoexpensive.Someorganicfoodcoststwiceasmuchasnon-organicfood,butnewparentsandpetownersarewillingtopayupto200%morefororganicfood.However,therearepeoplewhothinkitisawasteofmoney.Thereisonemaindifferencebetweenorganicandnon-organicfood.Organicfarmsdonotuseagriculturalchemicals,suchaspesticidesQᩔöᑺu.Inmanycountriesorganicfoodhasspeciallabels.Theseguaranteethattheproductsarenatural.Somepeoplethinkorganicmeanslocallygrown.Originallythiswastrue.Overtimeorganicfarmingbecamemoredifficult.Thedemandfororganicfoodgrewlargerthanthesupply.Smallcompanieshadtosellouttolargecompanies.Thereweren'tenoughorganicingredients,suchasgrainandcattle.Thismadeitdifficultformanyorganiccompaniestostayinbusiness.Today,manylargecompanieshaveanorganiclineofproducts.Isorganicfoodmorenutritious?Thisispartofthedebate.Manyfarmersandconsumersbelieveitis.Theythinkagriculturalchemicalscausehealthproblemssuchascancer.Manyhealthprofessionalsdisagree.Fewstudiesprovethatorganicfoodpreventshealthproblems.HealthspecialistsworrymoreaboutbacteriaQ$øusuchasE.coliandsalmonella.Thesecangetintocontactwithorganicandnon-organicfood.Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.Handlingmeatcarefullyisimportanttoo.Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.Istastierfoodworththeextramoney?Thisisamatterofopinion.Whetheritishealthierornotmayrequiremoreresearch.However,organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.1.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoforganicfoodconsumers?A.Price.B.Safety.C.Freshness.D.Variety.2.Whatisthedoctors9suggestion?A.Growyourownfood.B.Reducetheuseofpesticides.C.Makesurethefoodisclean.D.Buylargecompanies9products.3.Whichofthefollowingdomostpeopleagreeonorganicfood?A.Ittastesbetter.B.Itiseasiertogrow.C.Itcontainsmorefat.D.Itismorenutritious.)64⚓ᐳ67⚓

644.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Arecipebook.B.Achemistrypaper.C.Amedicalreport.D.Ahealthmagazine.¡ᫀ£¤¥c¦§ᦻÉùᦻ¬3ÄᨵúûüḄýþ஺1.Bÿᑨ
⚪᪷ᦻᨵᵨᓄḄᜩᯠḄ஺2.C"⁚ᳮ%⚪஺᪷ᦻ&'ḄDoctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.,)*+,-./0,1234Ḅ஺3.A"⁚ᳮ%⚪஺᪷ᨬ67789:ᜧ<ᑖ>-?ᨵ2@ABC஺4.DDᳮE⚪7FᦻGHIJᨵ2ḄKLM:NᏉPQᐵ:ᦑ⌱D⚗஺Passage339⚪:WNᢈY[\:[]ᦪ330Hybridcars,alsocalledhybridelectricvehicles(HEVs),arecarsthatusemorethanonesourceofenergytorun.Theydifferfromthemajorityofcarsontheroadtodayinseveralways.ThemaindifferenceisthatHEVsrunongasolineandelectricity.AnHEVhasabattery-poweredmotoraswellasanenginethatrunsongasoline.Ahybridcarisabitmoreexpensivetoproducethanaregularcareventhoughitsengineissmaller.Thereasonforthegreaterexpenseisthattheengineismorecomplex.Ithasspecializedmechanismsthatallowittooperateusinggasolineandelectricpower.Italsocontainsacomputerthatworksdifferentlyfromthoseofregularcars.Eventhoughitismoreexpensivetopurchase,itcostslesstoownthangas-poweredcars.WhenanHEVisatastoplightorgoingataspeedbelow15milesperhour,itsspecialcomputertellsittorunjustonelectricpower.Whenthecomputersensesthatthecarneedsmorepower,itputsthegasolineenginebacktowork.Thecomputerisconstantlydecidingwhetherthecarwilluseelectricity,gas,oracombinationofthetwo.65⚓ᐳ67⚓

65BecausetheHEVhaselectricpowertohelpitrun,itusesmuchlessfuelthanmostcars.Theycangetfrom50to60milespergallononaverage.Thehighmileagesavesmoneyforthecarownerandconservesprecioussuppliesofpetroleum.Hybridcarshelptheenvironmentinotherways,too.Forexample,whentheHEVisusingelectricpower,itdoesnotsendoutpoisonoussmokethatpollutestheair.Despitethedifferencesbetweenhybridcarsandregularcars,HEVsofferthesamefeelasregularcars.Theyhandleinthesamewayandspeedupandstopinthesameway,too.HEVs,though,aregenerallysmallerthangasoline-poweredcars.Theirrounded,aerodynamicframehelpsaddtotheirfuelefficiencybutunfortunatelydoesnotaddtotheamountofspaceinsidethevehicle.1.WhichstatementbestexplainsthecharacteristicsofanHEV?A.Safeandreliable.B.Expensivebutlong-lasting.C.Smallerengine,greaterpower.D.Highprice,lowcarbon.2.ThetransformationbetweenthegasolineandelectricityinanHEVisoperatedby.A.theengineB.thebatteryC.thecomputerD.thedriver3.ForwhatpurposewastheHEVinvented?A.Tosaveenergy.B.Toprovidebetterservice.C.Tolowertheexpenseofpurchase.D.Togivethedriversadifferentfeeling.4.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Ahealthreport.B.Asciencemagazine.C.Avehicleadvertisement.D.Atraveljournal.aa@ᩈ66⚓ᐳ67⚓

66cde%fgFᦻ?GHᦻ஺ᦻhiIjᔠlmnoḄplqrஹNtuḄvwoḄxyzḄ{|஺1.D"⁚ᳮ%⚪஺᪷'Ahybridcarisabitmoreexpensivetoproducethanaregularcar:jᔠlmno⌕~tuḄvwo:᪷'Ḅ…itusesmuchlessfuelthanmostcars.:jᔠlmno?⁚஺ᡠD⚗ᨬᭆjᔠlmnoḄᱯ஺2.C"⁚ᳮ%⚪஺᪷'Thecomputerisconstantlydecidingwhetherthecarwilluseelectricity,gas,oracombinationofthetwo.:ouᵯᾯᩭ1ᵨlmḄ஺3.ADᳮᑨ
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