2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习--专题八　主旨要义

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2023
ὃᦟᩞ᱐
ὃ⚪⌕Passage1WhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacierontheSwissAlps'MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstodetect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanchedcriticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson."Thiswasdifferent,“Johnsonsays.“Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwithinfrasound.Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butcollapse—sudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody—isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsedrivesiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacier“canbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak-offs,saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapse.Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponentssuchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes
withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.“ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstapproximationforthisஹ”shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche'sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthat1⚓ᐳ76⚓

1collapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascade'sphysicaldetails.1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?A.Infrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.B.Iceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.C.Researchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundfbrdetectingiceavalanches.0.Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.2.Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?A.Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B.Theaccuracyinlocatingacertainavalanche.C.Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.D.Thesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.3.Theunderlinedword"this"inParagraph4refersto.A.distinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignalB.detectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametimeC.calculatingthespeedandpathoficeavalanchesD.monitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak-offs4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FromFiretoIceB.GlacierWhispersC.NatureisWarningD.SecretofIceAvalanchesᐻ"uᩈ#$%&'()*+,-⚣/0123456ᙠ89:ᑭᵨ()ᩭ>?9I஺l.c⌕⚪஺ஹABḄᐵEF*()(infrasound)G(iceavalanches),ᙠABᨬI+JKLᑮ“2345OPQRᩭ>?111STQRKḄ+,U*ᑭᵨ()஺2.CV⁚ᳮ%⚪஺YBḄZ[J\]^G()_`abc1cd]^1ᵨ()efghij?leᜧ(candetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderarea)o2⚓ᐳ76⚓

23.An?F⚪஺thisᢣpZ☢rsḄtᱥ1ZJKLᑮ“Itischallenging,however,Iov᯿x“jjgnaLinlQm3mponenlb,SyA⚗⌕⊤^Ḅ|}+8஺4.B⌕⚪஺ᦻ⌕234ᑭᵨ()>?J11,B⚗KḄGlacieryJ11b1Whispersᑣy)/()஺Passage2Lastyearscientistsreportedusinganeuralimplantᐭᱥinaman'sbraintorestorehisabilitytocommunicate.Themanhasbeenpartiallyparalyzedandunabletoproducecomprehensiblespeechsincesufferingaseverestroke.Itisthelatestadvanceintheexplodingfieldofbrain-computerinterfaces,orBCIs,whichallowcomputerstoreadinformationoutofalivingbrain.Brain-computerinterfacesarepossiblebecauseoftwofacts.Thefirstisthatyourbraincontainshundredsoftinymaps.Eachrepresentsspecificfeaturesofyourphysicalfeelingsandintendedactions.Andcrucially,thebasicsetofbrainmapsandtheirlocationswithinthebrainareverysimilaracrossindividuals.Thankstotheirspecializedfunctionsanduniversallocations,brainmapsareidealentrypointsforBCItechnologies.PickingupsignalsfromabrainmapisonlythefirststepinmakingausefulBCI.Althoughthelocationofabrainmapisthesameacrossindividuals,thedetails—whatpatternsofactivitywithinthemapmean-differfrompersontoperson.Inasense,theuniquefeaturesofyourspecificbrainmapsserveasakindofencryption9,safeguardingyourspecificthoughtsandfeelingsfromwould-bespies.ThatbringsustothesecondfactthatmakesBClspossible.Thankstoadvancesinmachinelearning,scientistshavedevelopedprogramsthatcanlearntorecognizekeypatternsinavastseaofnumbers.Theytraintheseprogramstodecode%ṹbrainsignalsbyfeedingthemtonsofexamples.ResearchersdevelopingBCIsoftencreatesuchexamplesbyinstructinganindividualtothinkspecificthoughtsatspecifictimes,creatinganeuralcurriculumfortheprogramtolearnfrom.WhiletheuniversalfeaturesandlocationsofbrainmapsmakethemobviousentrancesforBCIs,theuniquefeaturesofyourbrainmapstendtoprotectthemfromspyingeyes.IncaseswhereBCIshavesuccessfullyreadspecificthoughtsorintentionsfromabrain,ithasbeenwiththepermissionoftheindividualwhosebrainwasbeingread.Buttherearesurreptitiouswaystotraindecodersonyourbrainwithoutyourknowledge.This3⚓ᐳ76⚓

3canhappenifyourneuraldatafallsintothehandsofcompanieswithdetailedinformationaboutyouractivities.Likealltechnologies,brain-computerinterfacesarenotnecessarilygoodorbad.YetwhileharvestingthebenefitsofBCIs,weneedtoensurethatwehavethemeanstoprotectourselvesfromcorporationswitheverymotivetotakeadvantageofthistechnologyfortheirfinancialgain.l.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaps?A.Theycarryuniquemessages.B.Theycanprocessencryptedsignals.C.Theirfunctionsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Theirlocationsrevealhumanthinkingpatterns.2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.BCIscanboostbrainsignalsdramatically.B.BCIscouldhelprecoverfrombraininjuries.C.MachinelearningenablesBCIstoreadmind.D.ThedecodingofthebrainmaybeaffectedbyBCIs.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"surreptitious“inParagraph5probablymean?A.Secure.B.Stable.C.Standard.D.Secret.4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.ThefuturetrendofBCIs.B.ThepotentialrisksofBCIs.C.TheworkingprincipleofBCIs.D.ThegeneralapplicationsofBCIs.᪍#$%&'BCI*+,ᜧᾯyᵯᾯḄ1ᐕ&ᜧᾯKḄ஺1.Anᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷¢BKḄ“Thefirstisthatyourbraincontainshundredsoftinymaps.Eadk,represgnisjpfidfkjfeaiuresofyourphysicalfeelingsandintendedactions.”GABKḄ"Inasense,th4⚓ᐳ76⚓

4unia£¤⚣¥qtyouniP¦§jnapsserveasakindofencryption,safeguardingyourspecificthoughtsandfeelingsfromwould-bespies.”¨©1ᜧᾯᙢ«¬Ḽ¯ᱯḄ஺2.Cnᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷¢YBKḄ'"Thanks±஺adYancesinmachineleaming.scientistshavedevelopedprogramsthatcanlearntorecognizekeypatternsinavastseaofnumbers.Theytraintheseprogramstodecodebrainsignalsbyfeedingthemtonsofexamples...”¨©1ᘤ3³BCI´µ&®^ᾯ஺3.Dn?F⚪஺·¥FᡠᙠJ¹Krsawithoutyourknowledge,ᢣ“ᙠº»©¼Ḅ¼½¾"1ÀÁÂTQRÃ*ÄḄ(secret)஺4.C⌕⚪஺Å$ᦻ⌕▊ÇaBCI*᝞É&ᜧᾯKḄḄ1ᓽBCIḄËÌÍᳮ஺Passage3Bothmisinformation,whichincludeshonestmistakes,anddisinformation,whichinvolvesanintentiontomislead,havehadagrowingimpactonteenagestudentsoverthepast20years.Onetoolthatschoolscanusetodealwiththisproblemiscalledmedialiteracyeducation.Theideaistoteachteenagestudentshowtoevaluateandthinkcriticallyaboutthemessagestheyreceive.Yetthereisprofounddisagreementaboutwhattoteach.Someapproachesteachstudentstodistinguishthequalityoftheinformationinpartbylearninghowresponsiblejournalismis.Yetsomescholarsarguethatthesemethodsoverstatejournalismanddolittletocultivatecriticalthinkingskills.Otherapproachesteachstudentsmethodsforevaluatingthecredibilityofnewsandinformationsources,inpartbydeterminingtheincentiveofthosesources.Theyteachstudentstoask:Whatencouragedthemtocreateitandwhy?Buteveniftheseapproachesteachstudentsspecificskillswell,someexpertsarguethatdeterminingcredibilityofthenewsisjustthefirststep.Oncestudentsfigureoutifit'strueorfalse,whatistheotherassessmentandtheotheranalysistheyneedtodo?Worsestill,someapproachestomedialiteracyeducationnotonlydon'tworkbutmightactuallybackfirebyincreasingstudents9skepticismaboutthewaythemediawork.Studentsmaybegintoreadallkindsofimmoralmotivesintoeverything.Itisgoodtoeducatestudentstochallengetheirassumptions,butit'sveryeasyforstudentstogofromhealthycriticalthinkingtounhealthyskepticismandtheideathateveryoneislyingallthetime.5⚓ᐳ76⚓

5Toavoidthesepotentialproblems,broadapproachesthathelpstudentsdevelopmindsetsinwhichtheybecomecomfortablewithuncertaintyareinneed.AccordingtoeducationalpsychologistWilliamPerryofHarvardUniversity,studentsgothroughvariousstagesoflearning.First,childrenareblack-and-whitethinkers—theythinktherearerightanswersandwronganswers.Thentheydevelopintorelativists,realizingthatknowledgecanbecontextual.Thisstageistheonewherepeoplecancometobelievethereisnotruth.Withmedialiteracyeducation,theaimistogetstudentstothenextlevel-thatplacewheretheycanstarttoseeandappreciatethefactthattheworldismessy,andthat'sokay.Theyhavethesefundamentalapproachestogatheringknowledgethattheycanaccept,buttheystillvalueuncertainty.Schoolsstillhavealongwaytogobeforetheygetthere,though.Manymorestudieswillbeneededforresearcherstoreachacomprehensiveunderstandingofwhatworksandwhatdoesn'toverthelongterm."Educationscholarsneedtotakeanambitiousstepforward,nsaysHowardSchneider,directorofTheCenterforNewsLiteracyatStonyBrookUniversity.l.Asformedialiteracyeducation,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Howtoachieveitsgoal.B.Howtomeasureitsprogress.C.Howtoavoiditssideeffects.D.Howtopromoteitsimportance.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive“inParagraph2probablymean?A.Importance.B.Variety.C.Motivation.D.Benefit.3.TheauthormentionsstagesoflearninginParagraph4mainlyto.A.comparedifferenttypesofthinkingB.evaluatestudents9minddevelopmentC.explainatheoryofeducationalpsychologyD.stresstheneedtoraisestudents9thinkinglevels4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MediaLiteracyEducation:MuchStillRemainsB.MediaLiteracyEducation:SchoolsAretoBlameC.MediaLiteracyEducation:AWaytoIdentifyFalseInformation6⚓ᐳ76⚓

6D.MediaLiteracyEducation:AToolforTestingCriticalThinkingÎᫀ#$%&'ÌὅU᝞ÉÑsÒÓÔᦟÕÖ᪗ஹØÙ3Ú〉»ÜÝឋLra»ßḄQR஺1.AV⁚ᳮ%⚪஺ᵫ+BஹAJ"Onetoolthatschoolscanusetodealwiththisproblemiscalledmedialiteracyeducation.Theideaistoteachteenagestudentshowtoevaluateandthinkcriticallyaboutthemessagestheyreceive.”¨©ÌὅᨬᐵáḄ*᝞ÉÑsÒÓÔᦟÕḄÖ᪗——☘äå3Ú᝞ÉæçGᢇᑨឋᙢ}ὃé5ᦈᑮḄ஺2.Cn?F⚪஺ëì3ÚæçxGᩭíḄ¨î1¨ïìé5ðñÜÝÂTᩭíḄ஺ÜÝᩭíḄò⌕ឋ(importance)ஹó᪵ឋ(variety)Gõö(benefit÷øRy¨îᓛú.ÜÝᩭíḄü(motivation),ýþÿ
ḄḄᨵᐸᔲᦑ⌱C஺3.Dᳮᑨ⚪஺ᑮ!"#$ᔊ&'Ḅ!(▤,+,-.▊0123▤Ḅ&'45678ᔜ▤Ḅ:▤ឋ஺<Ḽ>ᑮ“Withmedialiteracyeducation,ᵫ§AHliSJQgeLSlUdenUlQlhejQexL.ievgl…”
CDE!"FGHIJKᨵL⌕Ḅᦑ⌱D஺4.ANO⌕P⚪஺ᦻRSḼMediaLiteracyEducationTU,5ᦻVᨬXYZY[ᢣ8!᪥ᙠ_`abcdᦟfgh!"ᡂjk☢mᨵnjḄo⌕p஺Passage4TheUSscientistswhocreatedthefirstlivingrobotssaythelifeforms,knownasxenobots,cannowreproduce-inawaynotseeninplantsandanimals.ThexenobotisformedfromthestemcellsoftheAfricanclawedfrog(Xenopuslaevis),fromwhichittakesitsname.“Frogshaveawayofreproducingthattheynormallyuse,butwhenyouliberatethestemcellsfromtheembryo(rs)andyougivethemachancetofigureouthowtobeinanewenvironment,notonlydotheyfigureoutanewwaytomove,buttheyalsofigureoutapparentlyanewwaytoreproduce,"saidMichaelLevin,aprofessorofbiologyatTuftsUniversity,whowasco-leadauthorofthenewresearch.Stemcellsareunspecializedcellsthathavetheabilitytodevelopintodifferentcelltypes.Tomakethexenobots,theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryosandleftthemtodevelop.Z7⚓ᐳ76⚓

7“Mostpeoplethinkofrobotsasbeingmadeofmetal,butit'snotsomuchwhatarobotismadefrombutwhatitdoes,whichactsonitsownonbehalfofpeople,saidJoshBongard,acomputerscienceprofessorandroboticsexpertattheUniversityofVermontandleadauthorofthestudy.uInthatway,it'sarobot,butit'salsoclearlyanorganismmadefromfrogcells.”Theresearchersfoundthatthexenobotscouldreplicatexyᡃ{ᑴ}.Butithappenedrarelyandonlyinspecificcircumstances.Thexenobotsused"kineticreplication”—aprocessthatisknowntooccuratthemolecularxᑖḄ}level.Withthehelpofartificialintelligence,theresearchersthentestedbillionsofbodyshapestomakethexenobotsmoreeffectiveatthistypeofreplication.ThesupercomputercameupwithaC-shapethatlookedlikePac-Man,the1980svideogame.Theyfounditwasabletofindtinystemcells,gatherhundredsoftheminsideitsmouth,andafewdayslaterthepackofcellsbecamenewxenobots.“AIdidn'tprogramthesemachinesinthewayweusuallythinkaboutwritingcode.ItshapedandsculptedandcameupwiththisPac-Manshape,MBongardsaid."Theshapeis,inessence,theprogram.Theshapeinfluenceshowthexenobotsbehavetospeedupthisincrediblysurprisingprocess.^^Thexenobotsareveryearlytechnology——thinkofa1940scomputer-anddon'tyethaveanypracticalapplications.However,thiscombinationofmolecularbiologyandartificialintelligencecouldpotentiallybeusedinmanytasksinthebodyandtheenvironment.Thismayincludethingslikecollectingmicroplasticsintheoceans,inspectingrootsystemsandregenerativemedicine."Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticityandabilityofcellstosolveproblems,Bongardsaid.1.AccordingtoJoshBongard,arobotshouldbedefinedintermsof.A.itsfunctionB.itsreliabilityC.itsappearanceD.itsmaterial2.Whatcanwelearnaboutxenobotsfromthepassage?A.Xenobotshavecopiedstemcellsusingcomputerprograms.B.Specializedcellsplayakeyroleinthereplicationofxenobots.C.AImakesitpossibleforxenobotstoreplicatemoreeffectively.D.Theshapeofxenobotswasinspiredbyavideogameinthe1980s.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsfutureapplicationsofxenobots?Z8⚓ᐳ76⚓

8A.Disapproving.B.Optimistic.C.Unconcemed.□.Objective.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Wheredoestheunnaturalreplicationprocesslead?B.Arexenobotsthefutureofartificialintelligence?C.TheuncertainroleofrobotreproductionD.Factorfantasy?Robotscanreproduceᫀ!⌼8YᢇḄ“ᘤ”ᦻV▊01ᐸẆ`T஺1.A.⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷ZJoshᡠCḄ¢“Mostpeoplethinkofrobotsasbeingmadeofmetal,butit'snotsomuchwhatarobotismadefrombutwhatitdoes,whichactsonitsownonbehalfofpeople”£¤⚪&ᙠ¥ᘤᵫ¦§ᑴᡂḄ,ᙠ¥¨©¦§ᡠᘤª«᪷¨Ḅ¬ᩭ®¯P஺2.C.⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷Z°ZY[“±UhlhsbelRffitattififiiaLillteU²ensg,theresearchersthentestedbillionsofbodyshapestomakethexenobotsmoreeffectiveatthistypeofreplication.”£.³´µᘤ¶ᨵᦔᙢyᡃ{ᑴᡂ¹஺3.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ᨬXYᨬXY[Ḅ“Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwelake„adxantaggqHhiskndº»8¼ὅ¾ᘤḄ¿ᩭªᵨᢝÂÃ᝱Å஺4.DNO⌕P⚪஺ᦻVN⌕bÆ1!⌼8Yᢇ(reproduce)Ḅ“ᘤ³᪷ᐵÈÉ┝¯C⚗D⚗,C⚗Ḅ“uncertainrole(&̯Ḅ¼ᵨ)”ÍNO&Î஺D⚗Ḅ“Factorfantasy?"¾“”:ÏḄ¤,ᦻVÐÑ81ᫀᡠD⚗ÒÌ஺Passage5Z9⚓ᐳ76⚓

9Doyoulistentoquietmusictohelpyouwinddownbeforesleep?However,thispracticecouldbecounterproductive,accordingtoanewstudybyMichaelK.ScullinandcolleaguesatBaylorUniversity.Thework,publishedinPsychologicalMedicine,foundthatbedtimemusicwasassociatedwithmoresleepdisruptionsandthatinstrumentalmusicisevenworsethanmusicwithlyrics.Inthefirststudy,199onlineparticipantslivingintheUSreportedontheirsleepqualityandmusiclisteningfrequencyandtiming,aswellastheirbeliefsabouthowthisaffectedtheirsleep.Almostall-87%believedthatmusicimprovessleep,oratleastdoesnotdisruptit.However,theteamfoundthatmoreoveralltimespentlisteningtomusicwasassociatedwithpoorersleepanddaytimesleepiness.Justoverthreequartersoftheparticipantsalsoreportedexperiencingfrequent“earworms“havingasongortune“stuck“andreplayingintheirminds.Aquarterreportedexperiencingtheseduringthenightatleastonceperweek,andthesepeopleweresixtimesaslikelytoreportpoorsleepquality.Theteam'sanalysissuggestedthatlisteningspecificallytoinstrumentalmusicnearbedtimewaslinkedtomoresleep-relatedearwormsandpoorersleepquality.Theteamthenrananexperimentalstudyon48youngadults.Afterarrivingatthesleeplabat8:45p.m.,participantswenttoaquietbedroom,wheretheycompletedquestionnairesthatincludedmeasuresofstress,sleepqualityanddaytimesleepiness.Theyalsohadelectrodesapplied,readyforthenight-timepolysomnographytorecordtheirbrainwaveactivity,aswellastheheartrateandbreathing,andreportedonhowrelaxed,nervous,energetic,sleepyandstressedtheyfelt.At10:00p.m.,theyweregivensome“downtime”,withquietmusicplaying.Halfwererandomisedtoheartlireesongswhiletheotherhalfheardinstrumental-onlyversionsofthesesamesongs.Participantsreporteddecreasesinstressandnervousnessandincreasedrelaxationafterlisteningtoeithersetofsongs,andalsoshoweddecreasesinbloodpressure.So—asearlierstudieshavealsosuggested-quietmusicatbedtimewasindeedrelaxingatthetime.However,aquarteroftheparticipantswokefromsleepwithanearworm,andthepolysomnographydatashowedthatinstrumentalversionsofthesongsweremorelikelytoinducetheseawakeningsaswellasothersleepdisruptions,suchasshiftsfromdeepersleeptolightersleep.Takentogether,thefindingsrepresent"causalevidenceforbedtimeinstrumentalmusicaffectingsleepqualityviatriggeringearworms,theteamwrites.Whyinstrumental-onlysongsshouldhaveabiggerimpactthanmusicwithlyricsisn'tclear.Thethreesongsusedinthisstudywerechosenbecausetheywerelikelytobefamiliar.Hearingthemwithoutthelyricsmighthavepromptedtheparticipants9brainstotrytoaddthewords,whichmighthavemadeearwormsmorelikely.Z10⚓ᐳ76⚓

10Ifthisisthecase,allinstrumentalmusicmaynothavethesameeffect.However,thedatafromthefirststudyisconsistentwiththeideathatinstrumentalmusicgenerallyismoreofaproblem.1.Accordingtothepassage,theparticipantsinbothstudies.A.wererequiredtolistentolightmusicB.felttheirsleepingproblemsresolvedC.hadtheirsleepingqualitymonitoredD.providedfeedbackonbedtimemusic2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“induce“inParagraph4probablymean?A.Leadto.B.Impacton.C.Breakin.D.Focuson.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Earwormsaremainlycausedbymusicwithlyrics.B.Bedtimemusicleadstohighbloodpressureandanxiety.C.Quietmusicimprovessleepingqualitywhileloudmusicharmssleep.D.Bothfamiliarandunfamiliarinstrumentalmusiccancausesleepingproblems.4.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.howinstrumentalmusicdisturbssleepB.thepossiblenegativeeffectofbedtimemusicC.howpeoplecanimprovetheirsleepquality□.differencesbetweenmusicwithandwithoutlyricsᐻÕuᩈᦻV▊01×⚗ᐵ¥ṑÙ¾ṑḨÛÜḄÝÞḄẆẆ⊤Dàá£ḄṑâÙÂ#¾ṑḨᨵgh
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QfᩭḄz☢|}*[ᦻm⌕ᑁ஺Passage6Makingpredictionsgetsinthewayofthebrain'sabilitytorememberthepresentmoment,newresearchsuggests.Thehippocampus,abrainstructureusuallyassociatedwithrememberingevents,alsousesexperiencetomakeforecastsneuroscientistscallthis"statisticallcaming^^
.ButscientistswritingintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmericahavenowdemonstratedthatthelatterfunctioncaninfluencetheformer.Researchersshowedparticipantsaseriesofphotographsonascreenwithouttellingthemthatsomeimagecategoriesalwaysfollowedothers:Mountainsalwayscameimmediatelyafterbeaches,forexample.Theywereintendedtosubconsciouslylearntheseassociationsandbegintoexpectthesepairings.Later,theparticipantswereshownthesamephotosagain,mixedinwithnewexamples,andwereaskediftheyhadspottedanyofthembefore.Theyaccuratelyrecalledseeingrandomimagesatamuchbetterratethanthepredictiveoneslikethebeachpictures
.Thescientistsrepeatedthisprocesswhilescanningtheparticipants9brainswithfMRI'Qឋᐳᡂ*.Eachimagecategorycausedadistinctneural'Ḅ*activitypattern,andthepatternsforpredictablecategorieswereseeninthehippocampuswhenthecorrespondingpredictivecategorywasdisplayed.Moreover,thiseffect'sstrengthinfMRIcorrespondedinverselywiththeparticipants,memorytaskscores.“Themoreevidenceforpredictionwesaw,theworsetheirmemorywasforthosepredictiveitems,suchasaparticularbeachscene,“saysstudyleadauthorandYaleUniversitycognitive'Ḅ*neuroscientistBrynnB12⚓ᐳ76⚓

12Sherman.Thissuggeststhatpredictiveimagescausedthehippocampustoshifttowardpredictionandawayfromencoding'...ṹ*anewmemory.Thestudyisamongthefirsttodemonstratehowmakingpredictionsaffectshumanmemory.Scientistspreviouslysuspectedthatthehippocampusplayedaroleinstatisticallearningbutdidnotknowhowitinteractswithmemoryformation."Thispaperisareallynicedemonstrationofthebalancewherethehippocampusisdoingboththesethings,“saysUniversityofVirginiacognitiveneuroscientistNicoleLong.Theteamsaysthiscompromiseoccursbecauserememberingandpredictingbothusesomeofthesamebiologicalpathways.Inthepaper,theauthorscompareitwithusingone'srightfoottooperateboththebrake'ᩔ*andthegaspedal'*inacar,butnotbothatthesametime."Thissystemcouldpreventmemoryredundancy'ᑍ*andthusconservebrainpower,Shermansays.“Westillneedfurtherresearch/9Longsays."Forinstance,howmuchrepetitionisneededbeforethehippocampusshiftsfromrecordingtopredictingandwhetheritispossibletotrainthestructuretoimprovebothmodesatthesamel.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.predictiveimagesstimulatedmemoryformationB.thehippocampushasnothingtodowithpredictingC.researchersrevealedhowtobalancepredictingandrememberingD.theparticipantsrememberedrandomimagesmorequicklyandaccurately2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inversely“inParagraph3probablymean?A.Inanoppositeway.B.Exactly.C.Inthesamedirection.D.Closely.3.Whydoestheauthormentionthebrakeandthegaspedal?A.Topresentanaccuratepictureofhowtodriveacar.B.Toillustratethatpredictinginteractswithremembering.C.Tostressthedifficultiesofoperatingthematthesametime.D.Toshowtheimportanceofusingthesamebiologicalpathways.B13⚓ᐳ76⚓

134.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheRoleoftheHippocampuswithinMemoryB.PredictingaSituationBenefitsMemoryFormationC.ForecastorRemember:TheBrainMustChooseOneD.ForecastandRemember:TheBrainCanDoBothattheSameTimeᫀk2ᦻ7⌕bᙠᜧᾯ£¤¥Ḅ⚜§h¨©8ªᜧᾯ«¬®ᢣy8ª«¬®°±Kv²|},]³´|}µ¶Ẇ:h·E஺1.D/⁚ᳮ2⚪஺᪷5BC?Ḅ¸¹ᐸ[BC?ᨬ>-A
,D⚗'º%ὅQ¼½¾ᙢ¨ÀÁÂÃ*⊤ľ஺2.A§$,⚪஺BrynnSherman·ḄÅ“Themoreevidenceforpredictionwesaw,theworsetheirmemorywasforthosepredictiveitems,suchasaparticularbeachscene”[³!"$ᡠᙠAµ¶2Æ·E஺ᵫ
!"$%A⚗'vwḄÇ®*⊤ÈḄÉÊ-)஺3.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷5᎔ᦪBC?p8A
ÎὅÏᑮᑷÒh[ÓÔE⚜§%¨©ḄᐵÖÄ᝞ᑷÒhḄᐵÖ^Qc×Ø஺P,B⚗'·E⚜§%¨©v²|}*iᔠ⚪É஺4.Cmn⌕,⚪஺ᵫᐰᦻᑁ
ᜧᾯ£¤¥ᨵ⚜§h¨©8ªᜧᾯ«¬®8ª®Kv²|}Ú¬⚜§®×Kᢓᑴ¨©®Ú¬¨©®K|}⚜§®஺PC⚗'⚜§ᡈ¨À:ᜧᾯßà⌱â-´*iᔠᦻ7ᜧÉ஺Passage7Ineededtogetsomemoneyso,afterChristmas,ItookajobintheclothesdepartmentatGraham'sforthefirstfortnightoftheJanuarysales.Ican'tsaythatIenjoyedit,butitwasanexperienceI'llneverforget.Icouldneverunderstandwhythereweresomanythingsinthesales;wheredidtheyallcomefrom?NowIknowthesecret!Firstly,thereisthespecialwinterstock'ãä*andthestockthatpeoplebuyalltheyearround;someofthesethingsareslightlyreduced.Secondly,therearethesummerclothestheycouldn'tselllastyear;theseareheavilyreducedtoclearthem.Thirdly,therearecheapclothesboughtinspeciallyforthesales;B14⚓ᐳ76⚓

14theseareputoutathighpricestendaysbeforethesalesbeginandthenarereducedby60%inthesales.Clever!Lastly,theybuyint€seconds,,clothesnotinperfectcondition
forthesalesandtheyaresoldverycheaply.WhenIarrivedhalfanhourbeforeopeningonthefirstdayofthesales,therewasalreadyaqueuearoundthreesidesofthebuilding.Thismademeverynervous.Whenthebigmomentarrivedtoopenthedoors,thesecurityguards,lookinglessconfidentthanusual,cameuptothem,keysinhand.Themomenttheyhadunlockedthedoors,theyhidbehindthedoorsforprotectionasthenoisycrowdchargedin.Icouldn'tbelievemyeyes.Thiswasn'tshopping;itwasabattlefield!Onepoorladycouldn'tkeepherfeetandwasknockedoverbypeoplepushingfrombehind.Clotheswereflyinginalldirectionsaspeoplesearchedforthesizes,coloursandstylestheywanted.Quarrelsbrokeout.Motherswereusingtheirsmallchildrentocrawlå¶*throughpeople'slegsandgetholdofthingstheycouldn'tgetnearthemselves.WithinminutesIhadhalfadozenpeoplepushingclothesundermynose,eachwantingtobethefirstserved.WherehadthefamousEnglishqueuegone?Thewholedaycontinuedlikethat,butIkeptmytemper'æç*èIwastakingmoneyhandoverfistandbegantorealizewhy,twiceayear,Graham'swerehappytoturntheirexpensivestoreintoabattlefieldlikethis.Inthesalefever,peoplewerespendingmoneylikewaterwithoutthinkingwhethertheyneededwhattheywerebuying.AslongasitwasabargainitwasOK.Youwon'tbelievethisbutassoonasIgothomeIcrashedoutforfourhours.ThenIhaddinnerandwentbacktobed,fearingthesoundofthealarmwhichwouldtellmetogetreadyfortheseconddayofthesales.l.Whatkindofclothesislikelytobesold5%cheaper?A.Lastsummer'sclothes.B.Clothesnotinperfectcondition.C.Clothesboughtinspeciallyforthesales.D.Clothesforwinter.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.ThecustomersgaveupthequeuingforwhichtheEnglisharefamous.B.Thecustomerskepttheirtemperwhilelookingforclothestheywanted.C.Smallchildrenenjoyedcrawlingthroughpeople'slegs.B15⚓ᐳ76⚓

15D.Thesecurityguardswerefearlessofthecrowd.3.Intheauthor'sopinion,whywereGraham'shappytomaketheirexpensivestoreintoa“battlefield”?A.Thereweretoomanyclothesandtheywantedtocleartheminthesales.B.Theywereeagertoshowthattheywerecleveratdoingbusiness.C.Theycouldtakethechancetoraisethepricesofalltheirclothes.D.Theywantedtomakemoremoneybyhavingsales.4.Theexpression“crashedout”means"A.chattedwithmyfriendsB.sleptsoundlyC.brokedownD.dinedout5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBestBargainB.HuntingforaJobC.SaleFeverD.APleasantFortnightᐻêl.Dᳮᑨ⚪஺BC?ᑡìíîïðḄᱥòᐸïðóô஺᪷5“Firstly,thereisthespecialwinterstock...areslightlyreduced.”
,õöḄïðóô÷øKùúûü-ý஺2.Aᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷5᎔ᦪB@?BCAÅ
,᝞?@⚪஺᪷Aᦻ*BὅDEFG᝿IᑮJ⏨EFLᜩNOPQR5᪵SBḄTU*ᔛWXYPQZ[ṑ]*ᵫ_crashout`:“aṑ45.Cbcᜧ`⚪஺Bὅᙠ5fᦻgᑏ/ij(ᱥḄ3☢.ᡠn5fᦻḄ᪗⚪p9“(ᱥ᡻*ஹஹஹ“Ot16⚓ᐳ76⚓

16Passage8“Donotgettheideathatyou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."ThisiswhattheEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool.Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony-andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet-tookissuewithMcCullough'swords.Buttherewassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey7reparticularlytalentedornot.Inoureagernesstoraisetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.Therefore,itisofvitalsignificanceforustolearnandteachourkidshowtoevaluateourselves(themselves)objectively.Inflated(ᨴyzḄ)self-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetent(ᨵ}~Ḅ)atagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2020studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostsympatheticintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorlearners,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight”intotheirownincapability.Whyshouldthisbeso?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanexplanation.Peoplewhoareincapable,hewrites,sufferfroma“dualburden”:they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirincapabilitypreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.InDunning'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomintestsoflogic,grammarandhumor"extremelyoverestimated^^theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe624th,theyguessedtheywereinthe12th.Whattheseindividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)wasthe“metacognitiveskill”(jtiAᢈ)theabilitytomonitorhowwell(orbadly)they9reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatability,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.Fortunately,thereareacoupleofwaystocopewiththisproblem.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandotowhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningnotes,successindicatestousthateverythingt17⚓ᐳ76⚓

17wentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyoumadeamistake.Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren——theywon'tneedparents,oragraduationceremonyspeaker,totellthemwhetherthey'respecialornot.Iftheyare,they'llalreadyknowthattheyare.Orthey'llhaveaplantogetthatway.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheparents9attitudetowardsDavidMcCullough'swords?A.Critical.B.Unknown.C.Neutral.D.Supportive.2.Theauthorthinkstheproblemthatshouldn'tbeignoredisthat.A.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotB.youngpeoplecan'treasonablydefinethemselvesC.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterD.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged3.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutpoorlearnersaccordingtothepassage?A.Theylackthecapacitytomonitorhowtheyareperforming.B.Theyusuallygivethemselveshighstoresinself-evaluations.C.Theytendtobeunabletoknowexactlyhowbadlytheyperform.D.Theyareintelligentlyincapableintestsandexams.4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents.A.arenotconfidentabouttheirlogicandgrammarB.tendtohaveoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilitiesC.don'lknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgmentD.aremorestrictintheirself-evaluationsbecauseoftheirpropermetacognitiveskills5.Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat.A.thebestwaytorecognizeexcellenceistostudypastsuccessandfailureB.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefailsC.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersD.neitherparentsnoragraduationceremonyspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial6.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.SpecialOrNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutt18⚓ᐳ76⚓

18B.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC.TipsOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialD.TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimateTheirTalentsᫀl.A᝱`⚪஺᪷t0gḄ“Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony—andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'swords.”*McCulloughᡠDḄJ*ᦑᢝᢇᑨḄ᝱஺2.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷t0gḄ“Buttherewassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedornot.”,Bὅ:}ᙢᑨEFḄ}*}ᔠᳮᙢ>EF஺3.D⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷t4.Ḅ¡¢ὅEFḄ⊤¤¥¦ᠡ᠘Ḅ©ª,«EFᡠ7Ḅ¬*⍝EFḄ⊤¤ᨵ"஺AஹBஹC¯⚗ᙳᨵJ²*ᦑ⌱D⚗஺4.Dᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷t¯.ᡂ´µ¶Ḅ·¸¹ºὅ»:¼½ᐗᢈ,EFḄ}~¿ÀᐙÂÃÄ஺ᦑÅÆᑖὅÈᨵᐗᢈ*ÉÊËÌᙢ©ªEF஺5.Cᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪt4gḄ“First,wecanlearnto...Second,seekoutfeedback...thatyou,redoingwrong.”*Ï¿Ðᙢ©ªEF²ḄÑ✄,n-OÉÊᱯÔஹÉÊᓩÖ*ᡠnᡃ◤⌕Ḅ9EFEFᑁᙠḄвᩭEḄ᜜ÜḄÐ஺6.Abcᜧ`⚪஺᪷t0t0ݲᨬY0Ý*ᦻÏ¿DavidMcCulloughὁàḄáᐭḄãä:¡æ9ᔲ9ᱯÔḄ:ᯠYéê/Ẇì⊤L,íᱯᱯÔ*ᡃpîïðḄ9ᦟòó᝞õö÷ᙢ©ªEFᦑ⌱A⚗஺Passage9Artificialintelligence(AI)technologyhasbeenwidelyappliedinanationalparkinNorthwestChinatotracksnowleopardsinhabitingtheregion.t19⚓ᐳ76⚓

19TheAi-aideddigitaltoolboxcanautomaticallytellthespeciesapartintheQilianMountainNationalPark,Gansuprovince,fromotherwildlife,usingimagescapturedøᣓᣍûbyinfraredcamerasøü᜛þÿ
.Thetechnology,jointlydevelopedbyChineseInternetgiantTencent,theWorldWildFundforNatureandOnePlanetFoundation,canthusimprovedataprocessingefficiency.Locatedataround3,500metersabovesealevel,theQilianMountainswithvaststretchesofbarerocksreachingfromthegrassprovideafavorablehideawayshelterforthesnowleopards.Thoughmorethan200camerashavebeenputintheregion,sortingoutrelevantinformationhadnotbeeneasyforresearchers.“Forconductingfurtherstudiesonthepopulation,distributionandactivitiesofthesnowleopards,aflagshipspeciesintheregion,thecameraswouldcapturehundredsofthousandsofvideoclipsandphotoseveryquarter/9saidMaDuifangwiththeadministrationbureauofthepark9sGansusection.“Evenaslightmovementintheenvironment,suchasamildbreezeblowingoverthegrass,canactivatethecameras.Sometimes,curiouswildlifebumpsintothedevicetriggeringtheshutter
,andthecamerastakepicturesofmereclouds,vMaadded.Maandhiscolleagueshadtogothrougheachvideoframebyframe⌲ᙢ.Theinformationofspeciesthatappearedontheimagesalsorequiredhumaninput,soitoftentookthemseveralweekstocompletesuchtasks.Tencent'sengineeringteamhasindependentlydevelopedaspeciesrecognitionalgorithmbymeansoftransferlearningandautomaticdataenhancement.ThankstoAltechnology,researchersintheQilianMountainNationalParknolongerneedtoworklikemadinsearchofleopardshidingoutinthewild.“Theforestpolicecannowlocateasnowleopardfrom1,000picturesinjustabout20minutes,muchfasterthanbefore,saidHuangXiangqi,oneofthetechdevelopers.SnowleopardsareunderChinahighestnational-levelprotectionandarelistedasvulnerableᾪḄbytheInternationalUnionfbrConservationofNature.InChina,theycanbespottedincoldareasinsouthwestern,northwestern,andnorthernregionsincludingTibet,Sichuan,Xinjiang,GansuandInnerMongolia.“Wehopewecancombinemonitoringdatawithfieldinvestigationtohelpresearchersaccuratelyidentifythewildspeciessoastodrawupamorespecificplanfbrtheirprotection,saidMaYao,directoroftheproject,hopingthedigitaltoolboxcanbeusedinmorecountries.20⚓ᐳ76⚓

201.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Infraredcamerascantellthespeciesapartautomatically.B.AItechnologycanimprovethequalityoftheinfraredcameras.C.AItechnologyhasgreatlyimprovedtheefficiencyofidentifyingsnowleopards.D.TencenthelpeddevelopinfraredcamerasfortheQilianMountainNationalPark.2.WhatisthepurposeofplacingsomanycamerasintheQilianMountainNationalPark?A.Toprovetheexistenceofsnowleopards.B.Tosortoutthelocalwildlife.C.Tocaptureasmuchcuriouswildlifeaspossible.D.Tolearnmoreaboutsnowleopards.3.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph6?A.Thecamerasmostlytakepicturesofclouds.B.Manyfactorswillaffecttheworkofinfraredcameras.C.Thecamerasareonlyactivatedbycuriouswildlife.D.Thecamerasarealsousedtomonitortheweather.4.Whataretheresearchers9attitudestowardstheAItechnologydevelopedbyTencent?A.Grateful.B.Wait-and-see.C.Optimistic.D.SkepticaL5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AI-aidedTechDevelopedfortheProtectionofSnowLeopardsB.AITechnologyUsedtoCaptureSnowLeopardsC.InfraredCamerasPlacedtoTrackSnowLeopardsD.AITechnologyDevelopedtoImproveDataProcessingEfficiencyf=ql.cᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷!"#.$%&'ᢈ)᩽ᜧᙢ,-./012Ḅᦔ᳛஺2.D᝱678⚪஺᪷9!"#,ᙠἅ<=>?@ABC᝞EFḄ᤬HᜮJK..LMFᐵO12ḄPQ஺21⚓ᐳ76⚓

213.BRSᜧ7⚪஺᪷T"#UV᛻XYZḄ[\]^_`\ᱥbcFdefghi᤬HjḄ%k஺4.A᝱678⚪஺᪷l!"#Uᙠmn@opḄ$%&'ᢈ)Ḅqrs,Ẇu$ᕒwx◤⌕{|}~_᜜Ḅ12Uᡠ]Ẇu$ᕒmnpḄ$%&'ᢈ)ᢝḄ᝱6஺5.ARSᜧ7⚪஺᪷]^ᨬ"#UᦻR⌕.$%&'rᢈ)ᨵrO12,12ḄUᡠ]A⚗〉ᔠkᦻ᪗⚪஺Passage10It'snosecretthatspringisnowstartingearlier,butexactlyhow,whyandwherethisishappeningaremuchmorecomplexquestions.Spending50yearsinobservingsomeinsects,likeaphids,mothsandbutterflies,aswellasbirdsintheUK,agroupofresearchers,ledbyDrJamesBelloftheRothamstedInsectSurvey,havetriedtoanswersomeofthesequestions.Ontheonehand,theresultsconfirmcurrentunderstanding.Theyrevealthataphids,mothsandbutterfliesarenowflyingmuchearlierthaninthemid-20thcenturyandthatbirdsarelayingeggsearlier.However,thisearlyawakeningisn'tuniformacrossspeciesandthedegreeofchangevariesdependingonthelocationandhabitat.Asaresult,theresearchershavelearnedthatwildlifemayfailtomatchthelifecyclesofotherspeciesthattheyrelyonforfood.Someofthisvariationisrelatedtodifferencesinthespeciesthemselves-moths,whichturnfromcaterpillarstoflyingadultsearlyintheyear,seemtobemoreresponsivetoclimatechangethanthosewhichchangelater.Inothercases,thegeographicallocationiskey.Springactivitygenerallyoccurslaterinthenorthofthecountry,thoughthespecificsvaryfromspeciestospecies.Inaddition,thestudyalsofindsthatwoodlandhabitats,whicharethoughttoofferanimalsamorestableclimate,andwhichresearchershopedmightpresenta"buffer“toclimatechange,didnotappeartodoso.Itisthisfindinginparticularthatconcernsscientists.4tWeshouldhaveseensomesortofbufferofferedbythewoodlandthatwouldprotectwildlifeagainsttherisesintemperature,butactuallywedidn'tseethat,“explainsDrBell."Wehavetoguessthateventhoughwoodlandshavestablemicro-climates,theytooareadvancingatthesamerate.Thoughtheresearcherswillcarryoutfurtherresearchtoestablishexactlywhythisisthecase,theall-alongoutcomeisveryclear:allspeciesarenowatgreaterriskthanpreviouslythought.^^22⚓ᐳ76⚓

221.Whatdidtheresearcherstrytoanswerintheirstudy?A.Whichspeciescansensespringveryearly?B.Isspringcomingmuchearliernow?C.Whatisthedetailedinformationaboutearlyspring?D.Whatispeople'scommonunderstandingofearlyspring?2.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatmightbetheresultofearlyawakening?A.Theincreasedchanceofinsectsbeingeaten.B.Thechangeinsomebirds'egg-layinghabits.C.Thelossofsomespecies9naturalhabitat.D.Thebreakinsomewildlife'sfoodchain.3.1nParagraph3,theauthormainlytalksabout.A.thereasonsforsomespecies9earlyawakeningB.species9responsestoclimatechangeC.theinfluencesbroughtbyearlyspringD.thedistributionofspeciesintheUK4.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoodlandhabitats?A.They'vefailedtoworkasexpected.B.They'renowinquitesevereconditions.C.They'vebeenlessaffectedbyclimatechange.D.They'rewidelydistributedthroughouttheUK.5.WhatdoesDrBellthinkoftheresultoftheirresearch?A.Desired.B.Worrying.C.Beneficial.D.Encouraging.f=ql.c⁚ᳮL⚪஺᪷"#UẆu$ᕒᙠḄẆuX8¡¢ᐵO,£ᑮᩭḄ᧡ᜩḄ¨P2.D⁚ᳮL⚪஺᪷ᨬ!"#UẆu$ᕒ.LᑮU©"'gª«¬_`\ᱥḄ®ᱥ¯°஺23⚓ᐳ76⚓

233.ARSᜧ7⚪஺᪷±XḄ“Someofthisvariationisrelatedtodifferencesinthespeciesthemselves...Inothercases,thegeographicallocationiskey.”"#UkὅR⌕³´.¬ᱥµ£⏨Ḅ·d஺4.A⁚ᳮL⚪஺᪷ᨬ!"#U᪍ᙢ᪠QᙢºᨵH⚜¼Ḅ½᪵¿kᵨ஺5.B᝱678⚪஺᪷ᨬXḄ“theall-alongoutcomeisveryclear:allspeciesarenowatgreaterriskthanpreviouslythought”"#UÁÂÃÄÅKḄẆuÆÇÈ$ÉÊ஺Passage11WangFang,aSuzhounative,hasgivenherheartandsoultoKunquOpera.Wang,whohastwicewonthePlumPerformanceAward-China'stopawardfortheaterandoperaperformances-startedtolearnthetraditionalartformin1977.Bornwithamelodicvoice,Wanglovedtosinganddancewhenshewaslittle.Sheperformedfrequently,andwasrecruitedbytheSuzhouKunquOperaTroupeËÌwhenshewasinmiddleschool.However,herparentsrefusedthetroupe9sinvitation,insistingthatsheshouldconcentrateonherstudiesandnotdropoutofschool.Aftermembersofthetroupevisitedtheparentsrepeatedlyandshowedgreatsincerity,Wang9sparentsfinallyagreed.Learningthetraditionalartformwasnevereasy.Shestartedtolearnhowtopronouncewords,singthemlyricallyandmakegesturesgently.Asanactressplayingmartialartistrolesatfirst,shehadtospendextratimepracticingkungfumovements.Yearslater,Wangusedtheword“unimaginable“todescribehowhardthedayswerewhenshefirstlearnedKunqu.Shewassoakedwithsweatwhenpracticingmovementsinsummer,whileinwintersheoftenhadchilblainsÍÎonherhandswhentraininginshabbyclassroomswithbrokenwindows."ButIwasyounganddeterminedatthetime.Nomatterhowdifficult,Ialwaysgotupearlythenextmorningtopractice/7Wangrecalls.WangsaysshedidnotloveKunquatfirst,butinherearly20s,whenshewatchedtheshowPeonyPavilionperformedbyZhangJiqing,amasteroftheartform,itclicked.UIwasshocked,9,Wangsays."Hereverymovementwasfullofeleganceanddelicacy.Eachofherlinesandsongswasperfect.IwasoverwhelmedbythebeautyofKunqufbrthefirsttimeinmylife,andithasstayedwithmesince."Now,WanghasherselfbecomeamasterofKunqu.Herperformanceshaveimpressedgenerationsandhelpedtopromotetheartformamongyoungpeople.24⚓ᐳ76⚓

24l.WhydidWang'sparentsturndownthetroupe'sinvitationatfirst?A.Theydidn'tthinkWanghadartistictalent.B.TheysawnofutureinlearningKunquOpera.C.Theydidn'twantWangtoignoreherstudies.D.Theyregardedmembersofthetroupeasinsincere.2.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A.WanghasmadegreateffortstolearnKunquwell.B.Artistsshouldbegivenmoreattentionandcare.C.Traditionalcultureneedstobefurtherpromoted.D.WanghasplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofKunqu.3.WhatchangedWang'sattitudetowardsKunquOpera?A.WinningthePlumPerformanceAward.B.JoiningtheSuzhouKunquOperaTroupe.C.WatchingZhang'smasterlyperformances.D.Beinggreatlyadmiredbytheaudience.4.WhatdoesWang'sstoryshowus?A.Itisnevertoolatetolearn.B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C.Doingisbetterthansaying.D.Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.ᐻÒuᩈÓÔÕLÖ×ØᦻKÙÚᦻ஺ᦻ.Û6᤺ÝX>Þᒓ᫥áᝄḄ℉ä᧎æç)?èéêë᧎æḄ⁎íᔊï஺1.C⁚ᳮL⚪஺᪷ஹ±ñXêòU᝛wôõö÷Uøùúû᧎æᒓüýþ஺ᯠ
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ᦋ{|᧎QḄ᝱~#"ikl☘Ḅ⊤o஺ᦑ⌱C4.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷6(8(;>ᦪ],ᵨ“$”=ᩭMN_`?᧎QḄᨵ⁎஺78ᨬ]^Ḅ>e#u᎛ᡃᨵ¡W஺¢⁎
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ḄᦑH«¬ᡃ“®¯°F=±²”Ḅ⍝ᳮ஺ᦑ⌱8Passage12Youareinadepartmentstoreandyouseeacoupleofattractiveyoungwomenlookingatthesweater.Youlistentotheconversation."Ican'tbelieveit-aLorenzoBertolla!Theyarealmostimpossibletofind.Isn'titbeautiful?Andit'salotcheaperthantheoneSaraboughtinRome.^^Theyleaveandyougoovertoseethisincrediblesweater.It'sniceandthepriceisright.You'veneverheardofLorenzoBertolla,butthosegirlslookreallystylish.Theymustknow.Soyoubuyit.Youneverrealizethatthoseyoungwomenareemployeesofanadvertisingagency.TheyareactuallypaidtogofromstoretostoretalkingloudlyaboutLorenzoBertollaclothes.Everydaywenoticewhatpeoplearewearing,drivingandeating.Ifthepersonlookscool,theproductseemscool,too.Thisisthesecretofundercover>ᨩ9µḄmarketing.Undercovermarketingisimportantbecauseitreachespeoplewhodon'tpayattentiontotraditionaladvertising.ThisisparticularlytrueoftheMTVgeneration-consumersbetweentheagesof18and34.Itisagoldengroup.Theyhavealotofmoneytospend,buttheydon'ttrustads.Soadvertisingagencieshireyoungactorsto"perfborT'inbarsandotherplaceswhereyoungadultsgo.Somepeoplemightcallthispracticedeceptive,butmarketingexecutiveJonathanResslercallsitcreative."Lookatthetraditionaladvertising.Itseffectivenessisdecreasing.^^However,onemightaskwhat"real"isexactlyaboutifyoungwomenpretendtobeenthusiasticaboutasweater.Advertisingexecutiveswouldsayit'sno(26⚓ᐳ76⚓

26lessrealthananad.Thedifferenceisthatyouknowanadistryingtopersuadeyoutobuysomething.Whileyoudon'tknowwhenaconversationyouoverhearisjustaperformance.l.Inwhichsectionofamagazineisthistextmorelikelytoappear?A.FashionandLife.B.HistoryandCulture.C.MarketingManagement.D.ScienceandTechnology.2.WhyaretheMTVgenerationcalledagoldengroup?A.Becausetheyarepotentialbuyers.B.Becausetheyareexcellentadvertisers.C.Becausetheyareinterestedintraditionalads.D.Becausetheygetbetterpaidthanactors.3.What'sJonathanRessler'sattitudetowardsundercovermarketing?A.Opposed.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Angry.4.What'sthemainideaofthistext?A.Younggirlsarefondofsweaters.B.Traditionaladvertisingisalreadyoutofdate.C.Advertisingagenciestendtocheatintheirads.D.Undercovermarketingappealstoyoungpeople.ᝅ¶
·¸¹[º»7ᦻ^¼ᦻ஺ᦻ½¾¿=ÀÁḄ⃩├DE=ᓷÅ⃩├஺1.Cᳮᑨ⚪஺ᦻ½¾¿=ÀÁḄ⃩├DE——ᓷÅ⃩├
ᦑᦻ½ÇÈSÉᙠᩖËḄ⃩├Ìᳮ(MarketingManagement)᱐ᙽ஺2.AX⁚ᳮ[⚪஺᪷6᎔ᦪ(£8ᨬ]=;(ÑᨵÒÓIÔÕ
e#ÑÖ×Ø«஺),MTV=Ú±ᡠIÜÝÞßàá#"Ñâ#ãᙠäåὅ஺ᦑ⌱A஺(27⚓ᐳ76⚓

273.Bᳮᑨ⚪.᪷6ᨬ]=8(£;>ᨵçèÇéÀêᐹᨵìíឋ
e⃩├0ÌJonathanResslerïÒᨵð⌼ឋ஺ª,JonathanRessler|ᓷÅ⃩├ᢝÔᢝ᝱~
ᦑ⌱B஺4.D01⌕3⚪஺᪷6(ò8óᑮḄMTV=Ú#ãᙠäåὅᨬ]=8(=;>ᡠIØ«ÚᳮõöÈ÷ᵨoᕒᑮ⏀ᔳᡈᐸÑèýþḄÿᡠ“⊤,D⚗ᓷ⃩├ᔾᔠᦻ஺Passage13WhatisthelongestwordintheEnglishlanguage?Itwouldbetrulyshockingifyouweretryingtotypethelongestword,asitisn'treallyawordanyoneusesatall.Thewordis:pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.AccordingtoMerriam-WebsterDictionary,the45-letterwordiscreatedtomeanadiseaseoccurringespeciallyinminers.Buthere'sthething:Thatisnotatermanyone-evenadoctor-usestodescribeanactualcondition.ThewordwaslikelymadeupbyEverettK.Smithinthe1930s,whenhewaspresidentoftheNationalPuzzler'sLeague,agroupthatlovedcrosswordsand,byextension,wordsthemselves.Smithintendedtocreatethelongestwordbymimickingmedicalterms,eveniftherewasn'tactuallyadiseasetoattachthewordto.Hejustmadeuptheentirethingforfun.Herearesomeotherexamples.Somerecord-settingEnglishwordsarethelongestinaparticularaspect.“Uncopyrightable”,whichreferstoanyworkthatcannotbecopyrighted,isthelongestwordinEnglishwithoutanyrepeatingletters.Wordslikethisarecalled“isograms”.Thenthere5sthelongestwordmadeupofonlyvowelsᐗ“euouae”,atermthatcomesfrommusicoftheMiddleAges.Ontheotherhand,youhavethelongestwordwithoutanyvowels,“tsktsk”.It'sanonomatopoeicḄwordforthesoundyoumakewhensomeonedisappointsyou.Finally,youknowthere'sgottobeawordtodescribesomeonewhomakesahabitofusinglongwords.Surprisingly,it'sonlykindoflongitself:"sesquipedalian”.l.WhatdoweknowaboutthelongestEnglishwordaccordingtoParagraph1?A.ItispopularinEnglish.B.Itisusedonlybyminers."28⚓ᐳ76⚓

28C.Itisconvenienttotype.D.Itistakeninbyadictionary.2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Themeaningofthelongestword.B.Thepersonmakinguptheword.C.Thecreationofthelongestword.D.Thediseaseconcerningtheword.3.Whatisthecommoncharacteristicofthelongestwordsmentionedinthetext?A.Theyusethemaximumvowels.B.Theyconveyparticularemotions.C.Theyarecoinedbytradition.D.Theyarecreatedforpleasure.4.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Aguidebook.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anewsreport.&'()*+,-.ᦻ/01ᦻ஺ᦻ2345)6ᨬ8ᓫ:Ḅ;ᐵ=>஺1.D?⁚ᳮ+⚪஺᪷D"EFᨬGEHIJᓫ:KᦈMᑮ4OP:ᐺR6Iᦑ⌱D஺2.C⌕V⚪஺᪷D"F"H(Jᓫ:XᨵZ[ᵫEverettK.Smithᙠ20^_30`a⌼……)e"fH(ga⌼hiᓫ:j[/4kl஺)IJF⌕m4ᨬ8ᓫ:Ḅa⌼no஺ᦑ⌱C஺3.D?⁚ᳮ+⚪஺ᵫ"pF"EH(hqrᨵEsᐸguv஺)wxyEFᨬGEH(ga⌼hiᓫ:j[/4kl஺z.hsᨬ8ᓫ:Ḅa⌼|[/4}~஺ᦑ⌱D஺forpleasureforfun;஺4.Aᳮᑨ⚪஺ᦻ23Ḅ[5)6ᨬ8ᓫ:Ḅ;ᐵ=>IᡠJᦻᙠᢣᓭ(guidebook).(travelbrochure)ᡈ⍝(newsreport)6I[XZᙠᩖ(magazine)6஺ᦑ⌱A஺Passage14"29⚓ᐳ76⚓

29OnTuesday,India'sPrimeMinisterNarendraModilaunchedaseriesofnewhigh-producingcropvarieties,includingherbicide-tolerantὊ◀₝ᑺ1Ḅricethatcanbedirectlyplantedinthefields,cuttingthehugeexpensesonwaterandfarmworkers.InIndia,theworld'sbiggestriceexporter,thetraditionalmethodofricegrowingrequiresfarmerstogrowseedsinnurseries,andthenwaitfor20to30daysbeforetransplantingthesmallplantsbyhandintothefieldsthatareankle-deepinwater.Withthenewseedvarietiesdevelopedbythestate-runIndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute,farmersonlyneedtowaterthefieldoncetomoistenthesoilbeforeplantingtherice.Besides,thetraditionalmethodalsousesalotofwatertocontrolweedsasherbicidesarecostlyandoftendonotdistinguishbetweenthericeandtheunwantedweeds.Governmentscientistssaidthenewricevarietiescontainedagenethatwouldallowfarmerstosprayacommon,inexpensiveherbicidewithoutworryingaboutanysideeffects."Ourfocusisveryhighonnewseedsthatcanadapttonewconditions,especiallyinchangingclimates,Modisaid.WaterconservationislikelytobethemainattractionofthenewricevarietiesinIndia,wherefarmersrelyheavilyonmonsoon¡¢rains.Thetraditionalmethoduses3,000to5,000litersofwatertoproduce1kgofrice.Thenewvarietiescouldcutwaterusebyatleast50%to60%,farmersandgovernmentofficialssay.“Forfarmerslikeus,themainconcernwasthemanagementofwater,andthenewvarietiestakecareofthatconcern,saidRavindraKajal,whogrowsriceonhis9-acrefarmlandinthenorthernstateofHaryana.Indiaisalsotheworld'sbiggestriceproducerafterChina.1.Whichisthebenefitofthenewrice?A.Itcanproduceherbicide.B.Itcanbeplantedinanyfield.C.Itneedsalotofwatertogrow.D.Itcansavemoneyforthefarmers.2.Whycanfarmersapplyacommonherbicidetothenewrice?A.Thenewricecontainsherbicideitself.B.Theherbicideissuitableforallricevarieties.C.Genesinthenewricecanavoidharmfromherbicide."30⚓ᐳ76⚓

30D.Theherbicidecandistinguishthericefromtheweeds.3.Whatplaysanimportantroleinrice-plantinginIndia?A.Water.B.Temperature.C.Wind.D.Sunlight.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.IndiaLaunchesNewHerbicidesB.IndiaCutsExpensesonFarmingC.IndiaPromotesNewRiceVarietiesD.FarmersAppealforNewRiceVarieties£ᫀ()*+,-.ᦻ/⍝஺ᦻ⌕23ᓺ¦§Ḅ¨©ª«¬Ḅ;ᐵ=>஺1.D?⁚ᳮ+⚪஺᪷D"EFᕜIᓺ¦¯ᳮNarendraModi4E°ᑡḄ¨©²ᱥ¬,ᒹµ¶xᙠᵪ¸¹ḄὊ◀₝ᑺª«I᩽ᜧ¼½4ᵨ¿ªeÀÁÂÃ☢ḄÅÆ஺Iª«Ḅkᜐᙠ¿/ÀÈḕ4ÊË஺2.C?⁚ᳮ+⚪஺᪷D"fF"EHÌÍÎÏÐ0Ḅª«¬ᒹÑEÒÓ,hÒÓᐕÕÀÈÖ×ØÙḄஹÛÜḄ◀₝ᑺᵨÝÞßàá²ᵨ஺IḄª«ÑᨵḄÒÓâã◀₝ᑺäᩭḄᓻç஺ᦑ⌱C஺3.A?⁚ᳮ+⚪஺᪷DᨬGEF"EஹHᙠᓺ¦,⁚ªZ[ª«¬Ḅ⌕èéIᙠêqÀÈXᜧo¦yëì¡¢í஺îïÃðñò©1ᓟôª«◤⌕ᵨ3,000ö5,000ᓣª஺,ᙠᓺ¦Iªᙠª«¹6øḼöᐵú⌕Ḅ²ᵨ஺4.C⌕V⚪஺᪷Dᐰᦻ6ÞHIᓽᦻ"EHIᦻ⌕23ᓺ¦§Ḅ¨©ª«¬Ḅ;ᐵ=>஺ᦑ⌱C஺Passage15Nexttimeyouarestrugglingwiththecrossword,tryputtingthekettleon.Drinkingacupofteacanimprovecreativity,astudysuggests."31⚓ᐳ76⚓

31Researchersgavemenandwomeneitherteaorwaterandthenaskedthemtocompleteawordassociationgame,whichwasusedtomeasureaformofcreativityknownasconvergentthinkingýᔠþ.Inthegame,theparticipantsweregivensetsofwordssuchas"same,tennis,head,,andaskedtofindameaningfullinkbetweenthem.Theanswer,inthiscase,wouldbe“match?”.Afteranalysingtheresultsinawaythatruledoutthepotentialeffectsofaperson'sintelligenceandlanguageability,theresearchers,fromPekingUniversityinChina,foundthatthosewhodranktheteaperformedsignificantlybetterinthewordassociationgame.Theteadrinkersscoredanaverageof13.89inthewordassociationgamecomparedwith12.94forwaterdrinkers.Theresearcherssaiditwasnotclearwhyteahasthisbeneficialeffect.Teacontainscaffeineandtheanine,whichcanimproveattention,butthe100participantsinthestudydrankonlyasmallamountoftea—90ml,onaverage-andcarriedoutthetestsverysoonafterconsumingit,meaninganyeffectwouldhavebeenignored.“Thisresultshowedthattheteadrinkingeventitself-ratherthanthebiologicalcomponentsoftea-playedapositiverole,“theresearcherssaid."Previousresearchhasfoundthatpeopletendtoassociateteadrinkingwithaspecificsetofpersonalitytraits,suchassmart,creative,elegant,confident,andstable.Itmaybethatwhenparticipantsarestimulatedÿ!J
bytea,thementalrepresentationofateadrinkerisalsoactivated,andtheyunconsciouslythinkthattheyshouldbesmarterandmorecreative,theyadded."Futureresearchshouldfocusonspecificmechanismsᑴandclarifywhichvariablesmoderatetheimpactofteaconsumptiononconvergentthinking/91.Whatdidtheparticipantshavetodointhestudy?A.Pairthewordswitheachother.B.Guessthemeaningofthewords.C.Findaconnectionbetweenthewords.D.Tellthedifferencesamongthewords.2.Whathelpedaparticipantgetahigherscoreaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Theactionofdrinkingteaitself.B.Theparticipant'sintelligence.C.Theparticipant'slanguageability.32⚓ᐳ76⚓

32D.Thebiologicalcomponentsoftea.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepreviousresearch?A.Drinkingteamakespeoplemoreactive.B.Drinkingteaispopularamongtheyouth.C.Peopletendtodrinkteamorethanbefore.D.Peopledrinkingteaareoftenthoughtsmart.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.DrinkingTeaIsGoodforHealthB.DrinkingTeaIsaPopularTrendC.DrinkingTeaMakesforCreativityD.DrinkingTeaMattersaLotinLifeᫀᦻᦻ஺Ẇ⊤ₐᓣ!⌼#஺1.C$⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷)*+,-ᙠ/01234567ὅᦪ:ᓫ<=᝞“@AḄஹDᳫஹᜮ”ᯠI⌕K67ὅLᑮNOᓫ

33cancerdetection,whichcandetectmorethan50typesofthediseaseintheveryearlystages.IthasbeendevelopedbyGRAIL,ahealthcarecompanyfocusingonearlycancerdetection.TheNationalHealthServiceNHS
chiefexecutiveAmandaPritchardsaid,“Thisquickandsimplebloodtestcouldmarkthebeginningofarevolutionincancerdetectionandtreatmenthereandaroundtheworld.Byfindingcancerbeforesignsandsymptomsappear,wehavethebestchanceoftreatingitandwecangivepeoplethebestchanceofsurvival.TheNHShassentoutinvitesacrossthecountryofferingthetestto140,000peopleaged50to77withnocancersymptoms.Another6,000withsuspectedsignshavebeenofferedtospeeduptheirdiagnosis.Bloodsampleswillbetakenatmobileclinicsinretailparksandcommunitylocations.Laboratoryanalysisproducesaresultinafortnight'stime.Eachtestcosts£620buttheNHShasnegotiatedadiscountedprice.HalftheparticipantswillhavetheirbloodscreenedwiththeGalleritestrightawayandsamplesfromtherestwillbestoredandtestedinthefuture.Thiswillallowscientiststocomparethestageatwhichtumours᷈aredetectedbetweenthetwogroups.“TheGalleritestcannotonlydetectawiderangeofcancertypesbutcanalsopredictwherethecancerisinthebodywithahighdegreeofaccuracy.Earliertrialresultsshoweditcandetect68%of12deadlycancers,HealthSecretarySajidJavidsaid.InEngland56%ofcancersarediagnosedatstageoneortwo.TheNHSaimstoincreasethattothreequartersby2028.Iffoundearlythereareabroaderrangeoftreatmentoptionsavailable,whichcanbecurativeandareoftenlessaggressive.1.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheGalleritest?A.Itcanspotearly-stagecancers.B.IthasbeendevelopedbytheNHS.C.Itisaneffectivecurefordiseases.D.IthasbeencompletedinBritain.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Thetestiscarriedoutfreeofcharge.B.TheNHShasofferedthetesttopeoplefromhomeandabroad.C.Somebloodsampleswillbesavedforfutureuse.D.Thetestresultswouldcomeoutthefollowingnight.34⚓ᐳ76⚓

343.WhyareSajidJavid'swordsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.ToexplainthepurposeoftheNHS.B.Toprovethenecessityofthetest.C.Toshowthetestingprocess.D.Tostresstheharmcausedbycancer.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GRAILDevelopedtheGalleriTestB.TheNHSFoundaSolutiontoCancerC.BritainSavedMoneyonCuringCancerD.ABloodTestHelpsSaveCancerPatientsᫀIᦻᦻ஺«¬Zᙠ®¯°ᨬᜧḄ²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼ᵨGalleri¶·ᙠ³½P¾¶·50¿RÀÁḄ²³,Âo5^34ᨬÃḄrÄ2஺1.A$⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷),+¥-Ŷ·ᙠᦋÇ´µ²³¶ÈḄÉᑣ,Ëᙠ²³ᨬ̵¶·50¿RÀÁḄ²³஺XA⚗ËÍδµ²³Z[஺2.Cᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷)*+᎔ᦪ¥-67ὅ1,ÐḄ⊈᪵ÓÔÕᵨGalleri¶·,Ö,Ð⊈᪵2×ÄᜓÙᩭ¨v¶·஺XC⚗,O⊈᪵2ᶇᩭᜓÙᩭ¼ᵨZ[஺3.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷)ᨬI,+SajidJavidᡠḄÜX,Galleri¶·pÝßàoáâ[ã|ÂoäzGalleri¶·Ḅå⌕ឋᦑ⌱B஺4.D¡⌕U⚪஺᪷),+,ஹ¥-Xᦻ⌕æ竬Zᙠ®¯°ᨬᜧḄ²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼ᵨGalleri¶·ᙠ³½P¾¶·50¿RÀÁḄ²³஺ᦑD⚗,R⊈᪵¶·wxèᦗ²³êὅëᔠᦻ¡஺Passage17TheheadoftheVirginHyperloopíî|ïtransportsystemsaysthecompanyaimstobegincarryingpassengersby2027.35⚓ᐳ76⚓

35TheVirginHyperloopsystemisbasedonatechnologycalledmagneticlevitationðñ:ó.Itusesmagneticfieldstoliftavehicleoffthegroundalittleandtopushitforward.Somehigh-speedtrainsalsousethistechnology.Butunliketrains,aHyperloopisdesignedtooperatewithintubescontainingverylittleair.Electricforcemovesvehicles,calledpods,throughthetubesathighspeeds.Thesystemoffersnearlysilenttravelandreportedlyreleasesnocarbonemissions.Thesystem'spodsaredesignedtomoveatmuchhigherspeeds,upto1,200kilometersperhour.ItsayssuchavehiclecouldcompleteatripbetweenNewYorkandWashington,D.C.in3
minutes.Thatwouldbetwotimesasfastasajetflightandfourtimesfasterthanahigh-speedtrain.Thepodswillseat28passengersandcouldbespeciallydesignedtotravellongorshortdistances,ortocarrygoods,thecompanysaid.Whilethesystemisstillinearlydevelopment,itispredictedthatcommercialoperationscouldstartasearlyas2027.TheVirginHyperloopislookingtofirstdeveloppassengersystemsinIndia,wherethetransportsystemisovercrowded,andinSaudiArabia,whichlacksinfrastructureôẠö÷.Itcouldbethefirstformoftransportationin100yearstorevolutionizetravel,ascars,trainsandairplanesdidbefore.4UItstartsoffwithtwopeopleridingaHyperloop.ItendswithhundredsofmillionsofpeopleridingonaHyperloopandthat9swhatthe2020s-theroaring2020s-willbeJheadded.TheVirginHyperloophaspartnersthatincludeVirginGroupfounderRichardBransonandtheportoperationscompanyDPWorld,whichisownedbytheDubaigovernment.1.What'sthedifferencebetweenaHyperloopandahigh-speedtrain?A.AHyperlooprunsinaspacewithlittleair.B.Ahigh-speedtraintravelsatahigherspeed.C.AHyperloopusesmagneticlevitationtechnology.D.Ahigh-speedtrainismoreenvironment-friendly.2.WhatadvantageofaHyperloopdoestheauthormentioninParagraph4?A.Itssize.B.Itsspeed.C.Itssafety.D.Itsservice.3.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheHyperloopsystem?A.Itwilltakealongtimetoimprove.36⚓ᐳ76⚓

36B.Itwillreplacethetraditionalvehicles.C.Itwillbeamilestonefortransportation.D.Itisonlysuitableforcountrieswithheavytraffic.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACleanFormofTransportationIsontheHorizonB.TraditionalTransportationWillFaceGreatChallengesC.HighTechnologyBringsGreatConveniencetoTravelD.TheHyperloopPlanstoStartCarryingPassengersby2027ᫀᦻøùú⍝஺üýíî|ïḄ!þ^⊤ÿᐸ
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(ᑜᑮ2027~49:஺Passage18AstridPoghosyan,a28-year-oldArmenianviolinist,nowworkingasahelpertothepresidentoftheShanghaiSymphonyOrchestra,acelebratedorchestrainapopulouscityinChina,hasachievedherdreamasamusician.Thissummer,shehasbeenbusymakingpreparationsforaseriesofin-personandonlinemusiceventsandculturalexchangeprograms,includingamusicfestivalinShanghaiandalive-streamedinternationalviolincompetition.Poghosyansaidshealwaysputsallherenergyintotheprojectsinwhichsheisinvolved,whether37⚓ᐳ76⚓

37theyareofflineoronlineevents,asshebelievesthateverylittleeffortwillhelpherrealizehermusic-relateddreams.HavingstudiedandworkedinChinafor12years,PoghosyanhasnowbecomearealChinahand.Suchamulticulturalbackgroundhascertainlyhelpedherexcelathercurrentjob."Poghosyanplaysaveryspecialroleinourorchestra,saidZhouPing,presidentoftheorchestra."ShehaslivedinChinaforalongtimeandlovestheChineseculture,andsheknowshowtousetheadvantageofamulticulturalbackgroundinherwork.”ForPoghosyan,thelifeshenowleadsisquitedifferentfromwhenshefirstcametoChinain2009tostudyviolinattheShanghaiConservatoryofMusic.Thenjust16yearsold,Poghosyancouldn'tspeakawordofChinese.uAndmyhigh-school-levelEnglishwasn'tofmuchhelpatthattime,"shesaid."SoIdecidedtolearnChinesetosolvethecommunicationproblem.,,Asshegraduallyimmersed4herselfintheChineselanguageandculture,shealsostartedtomakeChinesefriendsandexploretheexcitingcitylifeofShanghai."SinceIfirstcametoShanghai,Ihavealwaysbeenimpressedbythekindnessandfriendlinessofthepeoplehere,"shesaid."Theirsmileshavemademefeelthewarmthofthecity.”1.WhatdoesPoghosyandoinChinaatpresent?A.Ahostessofamusicfestival.B.Apresidentofanorchestra.C.Ajudgeofsomemusicevents.D.AnassistantofZhouPing.2.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“excel“inParagraph3?A.Speedup.B.Showoff.C.Standout.D.Settledown.3.HowdoesZhouPingfeelaboutPoghosyan^performance?A.Disappointed.B.Inspired.C.WorriedD.Satisfied.38⚓ᐳ76⚓

384.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnArmenian'sexcitingacademiclifeinShanghai.B.Theadvantageofamulticulturalbackgroundinwork.C.AnArmenianmusicianrealizingherdreaminChina.D.ThelovebroughttoanArmenianbyChinesepeople.ᫀ?ᦻᦻ஺ᦻB⌕FcᳮஹᩭḄDᴊAstridPoghosyanᙠ2F¡¢Ḅ£¤Ḅᦑ¥஺1.D⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷Pᑁ§Ḅ28¨ḄDᴊAstridPoghosyan©cᳮ……4Vᕜ¬:¯“11஺$²2!1ᙠᡃ´2µ¶Ḽᓝᑖᱯ»Ḅ¼⁐஺”456,AstridPoghosyan©ᕜ¬Ḅᳮ஺ᦑ⌱D஺2.C¿ÀÁm⚪஺᪷ᨬÃÄᕜ¬:“Poghosyanᙠᡃ´2µ¶Ḽᓝᑖᱯ»Ḅ¼⁐஺”“᝛ÆÇᙠ2ÈÉÊËF,ÌÍÎ᰿2ᦻᓄ஺᝛6⍝᝞ÑᙠÒ@2ᑭᵨÕᐗᦻᓄ×ØḄIJ஺56ZÕᐗᦻᓄ×ØÙ᝛ᙠÒ@2bÚÛ⃓஺ᦑ⌱C஺3.DÝᳮᑨß⚪஺᪷ᨬÃÄ56Zᕜ¬àPoghosyanḄ⊤áâḄ஺ᦑ⌱D஺4.CBl⌕m⚪஺᪷P,ᓽ?ᦻ2pḄ28¨ḄDᴊAstridPoghosyan©cᳮ,ãᙠ2ḄP]uäåæḄçèÊ℉êḄZ᝛Fë¡¢Ḅ£¤஺456C⚗Ḅ¢ᙠ2᝛Ḅ£¤49:஺Passage19ì⚪:íîH:2Áᦪ342Whenaskedwhathisfatherdidforaliving,Mikeexplainedtohiskindergartenteacher,44Hestealsthings,butit'sOK,becausehegetspaidtodoit.”Heisn'twrong.Hisfatherisahackerí4,whoisproudofhisjob,justlikedoctorsareproudoftheworktheydo.Thankstosecurityresearchers?hackingpractices,leaksinanewversionofthemostcommonWi-FicodestandardWPA3
werefoundbeforecriminalscouldusethemtobreakintohomeandbusinessnetworks.39⚓ᐳ76⚓

39Inanothercase,criminalsfoundanunknownweaknessinGoogle'sAndroidoperatingsystembeforesecurityresearchersdid,givingthebadguysfullcontrolofmorethanadozenphonemodels.However,findingMike'sfather'spersonalizedplatesfbrhiscarwiththeword“HACKING”,anemployeeoftheTexasDepartmentofMotorVehiclesquicklytookthemaway,claimingthatalicenseplatedisplaying"HACKING^publicizedcriminalactivities.Whilethisreactionreallyisn'tthefaultofthewell-intentionedemployee,it'sasignofhowadeeplyrootedmisrepresentationofhisprofessionhascreatedafixedwrongimage.ItseemsthatthewaythathackersaredescribedinHollywoodhascontributedtotheword4'hacker,,paralleling44criminar,,wherehackersareoftenreferredtoasfiguresindarkroomsengaginginillegalactivitieswhiletappingatkeyboards.Butactually,hackingisjustanactivity.Whatseparatesanyactivityfromacrimeis,veryoften,permission.Peoplearefreetodrive,buttheydonothavepermissiontodrive150milesperhour,whichisacriminaloffense.Sinceadriverisjustadriver,whymustahackerbeacriminal?Someonewhoengagesintheillegaluseofhackingshouldnotbecalleda"badhacker"buta“cybercriminal”.Contrarytopopularbelief,mosthackerslikeMike'sfatherundoubtedlyplayanimportantroleinkeepingcompaniesandpeoplesafe.l.WhatdidMikethinkofhisfather'sjob?A.Admirable.B.Amazing.C.Acceptable.D.Annoying.2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthehackers9job?A.Itsweakness.B.Itsimportance.C.Itsvariety.D.Itssecurity.3.Whydoesthewritermention“Hollywood“inparagraph3?A.Toentertainthereaders.B.Toquestiontheemployee'sclaim.C.Toclarifytheconceptofhacking.D.Totracethewrongimageofhackers.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorreallywanttoconveyinthetext?A.Hackingmostlycounts.B.Hackingisactuallyacrime.C.Hackingispopularwithpeople.40⚓ᐳ76⚓

400.Hackingneedslicenses.ᫀ?ᦻïᦻZðñFu´àíḄòVíóPôõḄö⌕ឋ஺1.CÝᳮᑨß⚪஺᪷P2Ḅllsteals,,€lifsOK”V"hegetspaidtodoit”5ÝßbMikeøù᱄ûḄÒ@üᯠ“Ꮥÿ”,ᑮᦑ⌱C⚗஺2.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺ᑡḄ!"#$%ᙠ'(ᑖ"*+,-./01234567☢9:2$%;<Ḅ=⌕ឋ!"#'(ᑖ"ᐜABᐰẆEFᕒ012HIḄBᓩK

41Multiplekillerswereontheanimal,pushingroughlyagainstitandswimmingfast,besideandunderit,whileothersjustfollowandrestalongandbesidethehunt,nearly200mback.Itseemedthat"tiringthebluewhaleoutwastheirgoal,^^shenoted.Unlikethebluewhale,killershaveteeth,aweapontheyusedtochomp#5downonthisbluewhale'sjaw.“Asthebluewhalespunandturned,thekillersheldon—theywanteditstongue/9Brownsaid.Afterhoursofthisfiercehunt,thebluewhalesuccumbedtoitsattackersandthekillersdividedupthebluewhaleandsharedwithallinvolvedinthedepthsbelow.1.WhatmadeBrownrealizethekillerwhaleswereunusual?A.Thewavestheymade.B.Thefountaintheymade.C.Thedirectiontheyheadedin.D.Thenumberofkillerwhales.2.Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Bluewhalesaretoolargetobekilled.B.Killerwhalesareexperiencedhunters.C.Killerwhalesswimslowerthanbluewhales.D.Abluewhaleistwicetheweightofakillerwhale.3.Whatisdescribedinparagraph4?A.Thestepsofthehunting.B.Thecrueltyofthehunting.C.Thesceneofthehunting.D.Thepreparationofthehunting.4.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedpart“succumbedto”inthelastparagraph?A.Gotridof.B.Gaveinto.C.Madeupfor.D.Maderoomfor.ᫀ42⚓ᐳ76⚓

42gtᦻUᦻ஺ᦻ2¡¢£ᱥ¤¥KristyBrown¦§ᑮḄ¨©ªᣓᩔªḄᦑ~஺1.A®⁚ᳮg⚪஺᪷±“Butsoon,peopleontheboatnoticedthatthekillerswerecreatingnon-uniformwaves.”²,Brown´FᕒU᪷±©ªᑴ⌼Ḅ·¸ᑨ¹ºᨵ»¼Ḅ஺2.Bᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷±j“Moreover,thekillersdidn'tappeartorushthehunt,butinsteadwerestrategic,thoughtful,collaborative,patientandpersistent.”²©ªU½¼ὁ¿ḄÀÁ஺3.CwÂᜧs⚪஺᪷±ÃḄᐵÅÆÇ“pushingroughlyagainstitandswimmingfast,besideandunderit,whileothersjustfollowandrestalongandbesidethehunt,nearly200mback...tiringthebluewhaleoutwastheirgoal”²,tw⌕È2©ªᣓÀḄÉÊ஺4.BËÌ⚪஺᪷±Íᦻ“thekillersdividedupthebluewhaleandsharedwithallinvolvedinthedepthsbelow"²ªÎ©ªᑖᒘஹÑÎᑖÒ2஺ᡠÔÕÖᑖ×ØUªÙÚᢳÜÝÞA©ª஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺Passage21⚪:Fᱥᦑ~ᦪ311GlennCunningham,44theKansasIronman”,wasanAmericanmiddle-distancerunner,andwasconsideredthegreatestAmericanmilerofalltime.GlennwasborninKansasonAugust4,1909.At8,Glennwasbadlyburnedinanaccidentalfireintheirschoolhouse.Thelittleboydidsurviveafteralongbattle,thoughdoctorstoldhismotherthathewassuretodie.Unfortunately,fromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Butwithhisironpersistenceanddetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkandthentorun.Bythetimehewas12,hehadbeatenallthelocalhighschoolrunners.Hislegsremaineddeeplyscarred,however.Throughouthislife,hewouldhavetospendtimedoinglongwarm-upexercisesinordertomaintaincirculation.Inaddition,hisinjuriesmeantthathecouldneverrunsmoothlyorefficiently.Wheninuniversity,heranfortheuniversitytrackteamandwonhisfirstbigrace,the1932NCAA1,500meters.Thatsummer,hewasselectedfortheU.S.Olympictrackteamandcameinfourthinthe1,500-meterraceintheOlympicGames.In1933,hewontheAAU800meters.Overall,heran20racesduringthatsummer.Thatyear,thefirstyearhewascalled“Ironman”.43⚓ᐳ76⚓

43AlthoughGlennmighthaveusedhisnameasastarathletetomakeagreatdealofmoney,hewasmoreinterestedinhelpingothers.HeandhiswifeopenedtheGlennCunninghamYouthRanchandraisedover10,000fosterchildrenoverthreedecades.Throughouthislife,GlennwonmanyawardsincludingtheJamesE.SullivanMemorialAward.HewasalsoelectedtotheNationalTrackandFieldHallofFame.Asanexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,Glenncontinuestobeaninspirationformany.l.WhathelpedGlennregaintheabilitytowalk?A.Hisstrongwill.B.Hismother'ssupport.C.Hisgreatdesiretowinraces.D.Medicaltreatmentfromdoctors.2.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.HowGlennbeatotherhighschoolrunners.B.WhateffectstheaccidenthadonGlenn.C.Whywarm-upexerciseswerenecessary.D.WhyGlenncouldrecoverfromtheinjuries.3.WhydidGlenngetthename"Ironman”?A.Hecompetedinmanyracesinasingleyear.B.HewonthechampionshipintheOlympics.C.Hegotthestrongestbodyinthetrackteam.D.Heworeapairofironsportsshoesingames.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGlenn?A.Caringanddetermined.B.Warm-heartedandenergetic.C.Hard-workingandambitious.D.Well-educatedandoptimistic.ᫀgtᦻUᦻ஺ᦻ2GlennCunninghamᙠs᜜ᜫá2âãäåUæçḼéêëḄìåíî=ï2ðñஹâòᝂôḄäåÑõᡂ÷Ḅᦑ~஺44⚓ᐳ76⚓

441.A®⁚ᳮg⚪஺᪷±“Butwithhisironpersistenceanddetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkandthentorun.”²,GlennḄøùsúûüýឮÿ
Ḅ஺2.Bᜧ⚪஺᪷Ḅᐵ“Hislegsremaineddeeplyscarred,,“havetospendtimedoinglongwarm-upexercises""couldneverrunsmoothlyorefficiently”⌕ᦑGlennḄ஺3.A!⁚ᳮ$⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪ“Overall,heran20racesduringthatsummer.Thatyear,thefirstyearhewascalled-ronmarT.”,Glennᙠ)*+,-./0ᡠ23ᑮ“67”9:;<஺4.A=ᳮᑨ?⚪஺᪷@“Butwithhisironpersistenceanddetermination”2A᎔ᦪ@“…hewasmoreinterestedinhelpingothers.HeandhiswifeopenedtheGlennCunninghamYouthRanchandraisedover10,000fosterchildrenoverthreedecades.”=,GlennCᨵ᰾FGᨵHF஺Passage22I⚪:7ᱥᦑLMNᦪ348MartyVerel,a59-year-oldkidneytransplantpatientinOhio,shouldhavebeennearthetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine.Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn'thavinganyluck.Martyandhiswife,NancyVerel,wouldsitwithcomputersontheirlapstryingforhourstobookanappointmentondifferentsites,allofwhichwerecomplex.felthopeless,,,Nancysays.ThenNancyheardaboutMarlaZwinggi,a40-year-oldmomofthreewhowasspendinguptotenhoursadayonlinetryingtosecureappointmentsforvulnerableindividuals.Asaresult,NancymessagedMarlaonFacebook:"Canyouhelp?”Twenty-fiveminuteslater,MarlarespondedbyaskingforMarty'slegalname,dateofbirth,andotherinformation.Nineminutesaftergettingtheinformation,Marlareportedback—Martyhadanappointment.Maria'svaccinehuntingstartedonFebruary1,whenshelearnedthatherparents-herfatherhasleukemia(P⊈R)andhermotherisabreastcancersurvivorwithaheartcondition——wereunabletogetappointmentsthemselves.Shehatedthattheyhadtowait.Clickingaroundonvaccineregistrationsites,Marladiscoveredjusthowdifficultitwastobookanappointment.uItwasliketryingtogetaWorldSeriesticket,Mshesays.Sheappliedstrategiesthatwebinsidersarefamiliarwith(keepingmultiplebrowsersopen,refreshingsitesevery20seconds,erasingcookies)andaddedafewofherspecialskills."I'mdetermined.Idrinkalotof45⚓ᐳ76⚓

45coffee,andI'mafasttyper/9shesays.Soonenough,Marlahadsecuredappointmentsforherparents.44Ifeltlikearockstar,“shesays.Marladecidedthathelpingotherswouldbeherwayofgivingback."IfeellikeIneedtowillusoutofthispandemicVᜧW
RXshesays.OnFebruary10,sheloggedontoFacebooktoletpeopleknowthatshewasassistingwithbookings.ByMarch2,she'dsecuredappointmentsfor400seniors.l.WhydidNancyandMartyfailtomakeanappointmentthemselves?A.Theyhadnoaccesstothewebsites.B.Toomanypeopleappliedatthesametime.C.Theywerenotamongthefirstseniorstobevaccinated.D.Theregistrationsitesweretoodifficultforthem.2.WhyMarlastartedhervaccinehuntinginthefirstplace?A.Tohelpoldpeople.B.ToprovideguidanceforNancy.C.Toassisthersickparents.D.Togivebacktosociety.3.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeMarla?A.Helpfulandskillful.B.Reliableandhumorous.C.Confidentandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandcooperative.4.What9sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Aneffectivewaytobookavaccinationappointmentonline.B.Anoldcouple'stroubleduringthepandemic.C.Areasonwhyitisdifficulttobookanappointment.D.Awoman'sspecialwayofgivingbackduringthepandemic.YZ[\]$^_`ᦻb)]cdᦻ஺Marlaᙠefghijklmno7p
eq⚜stuvw஺46⚓ᐳ76⚓

461.D!⁚ᳮ$⚪஺᪷)”...aUofwhichwerecomplex.fcIfelthopeless/Nancysays.”,MartyxyḄz{Nancy⚜sᜫ}Ḅ~b9kᩖ஺2.C!⁚ᳮ$⚪஺᪷“Marla'svaccinehuntingstartedonFebruary1...herfatherhasleukemia(P⊈R)andhermotherisabreastcancersurvivorwithaheartcondition-wereunabletogetappointmentsthemselves.Shehatedthattheyhadtowait.”,MaHaᨬbmnRḄ᱄ᐸ⚜seq஺3.A=ᳮᑨ?⚪஺᪷ᦻᨬᑮ3ᨴ2<᝛mn.7஺᝛bn7Ḅ(helpful)஺᪷᎔ᦪ@"Sheappliedstrategiesthatwebinsidersarefamiliarwith...addedafewofherspecialskills.”᝛bᨵᢈ¡Ḅ(skillful)஺4.D¢£ᜧ⚪)`ᦻ¤ḄbMarlaᙠm᱄p
¥¦eq⚜s§ᑗ©ª«ᑮ⚜sḄ¬L,®¯ᑮᙠefgh,᝛2ᑭᵨ²©Ḅᵯᾯᢈµmnᐸy7p
¥¦⚜s9¶b)·tuvwḄ¸¹஺ᨬ)Ḅ“Marladecidedthathelpingotherswouldbeherwayofgivingback.”bᐰᦻḄ»¼xᓣ¾஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺Passage23I⚪:ÁÂLMNᦪ332'THbethereinafewminutes.Tmplayingagamewithafriend,aguynamedScuzball,,^my15-year-oldsonshoutedfromhisroom."Oh,whatisScuzbalPsrealname?^^Iasked."Ihavenoidea,“hesaid.“Whereishefrom?^^Icontinued.Heresponded,UIthinksomewhereinCanada.Oh,wait,itdoesn'tevenmatterbecauseScuzballjustleftthegameandhehasbeenreplacedwitharobot.”“Yourfriendisreplacedbyartificialintelligence?”"Itdoesn'tmatter,Dad.Ithappensallthetime!Thegamecontinues.^^Mysondoesn'tmindplayingwithapersonorarobot,whichistypicalofgamersthesedays.Iwonderwhethertheface-to-faceexperienceoffriendshipthatIgrewupwithwillbelostbyourchildren.Aristotle,agreatthinkerandeducator,haspointedoutthatshallowfriendshipiseasilyformedbutalsoeasilyabandonedbecausesuchbondsarefragile.Deepfriendship,bycontrast,iswhenyoucareforyourfriendforhissake,notforanybenefityoucanget.Thisisselflessfriendship.Youcanhaveonlyacoupleofthesefriendsbecausetheyrequirelotsoftimeandeffort.Youmustmakesacrificesforeachother.47⚓ᐳ76⚓

47Presenceinfriendshiprequires“beingwith"and"doingfor”.Perhapsthemostdefiningfeatureofdeepfriendshipis“doingfor”,asmyfriendbacksmeupwhenI'mintroubleorbringsmesoupwhenI'msick.Onlystrongbondshavethepowertomotivaterealsacrifices.Butitisunclearwhetheronline“fHends”wouldbothertodothehardworkoffriendship.WhenIaskedmystudentswhethertheyhadpeopleintheirliveswhowouldbringthemsoupwhentheyweresick,theylaughedatmyStoneAgequestionandsaidthey'djustordersouponline.Digitallifefillsandabsorbswakinglifetimesothatpeopledonotjoininthecaseoffriendship,likesports,collectivearts,freerangechildhoods,etc.Inthisway,digitallifeproducesfalsefriendships.1.Howdoestheauthorbringupthetopicofthetext?A.Byquotingmottos.B.Bypresentingaconversation.C.Byintroducingagame.D.Byshowingrobots,datastorage.2.Whatdoestheauthormainlyexplaininparagraph3?A.Selfishfriendship.B.Selflesssacrificesinlife.C.Theformationofshallowfriendship.D.Themeaningofdeepfriendship.3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellhisstudentsinparagraph4?A.Strongbondsareformedeasily.B.Orderingfoodonlineisconvenient.C.Robotswillbackusup.D.Virtualfriendswon'tmakerealsacrifices.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Digitalizedfriendship.B.Thebenefitsofdigitallife.C.Face-to-facecommunication.D.Thesacrificesofonlinefriends.YÄuᩈ48⚓ᐳ76⚓

48[\]$^_`ᦻbÆÇᦻ஺ᦻ⌕ǤÈᙠḄÁÂÉ3ᦪÊᓄᜫµ~ᩭḄ☢☢ÁÂḄÎ஺1.B=ᳮᑨ?⚪஺᪷ᦻÏÐὅijᕈÈyxÓ{ḄIᩭÔÕᦻḄI⚪஺2.Dᜧ⚪஺᪷ᐵ"Deepfriendship,bycontrast,iswhenyoucareforyourfriendforhissake,notforanybenefityoucanget.Thisisselflessfriendship.”Ö⌕$×ØÙÁÂḄÚÎ஺3.D=ᳮᑨ?⚪஺᪷Ûᐵ"Butitisunclearwhetheronlinetfriends,wouldbothertodothehardworkoffriendshipÜÐὅ⌕ÝÞßyḄàk¦ḄáÁwâÕãäḄåᱨyçèéᙠê⍗ᑮ¬LḄ§᎛íîêïᢝxmn஺4.A¢ñᜧᵐJS^ᐰᦻó¼ᔠᦻᨬ)`ᦻ⌕ǤÈᙠḄÁÂÉ3ᦪÊᓄᜫµ~ᩭḄ☢☢ÁÂḄÎ9)õö஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺Passage24I⚪:÷àøᢈùLM:LNᦪ321Withsmarttechnologyincreasinglyinfluencingallaspectsofourlives,itisonlyamatteroftimebeforesomeoneinventssmartshoes-onesthatcanbemadebasedonpersonalneeds.Calledt4ShiftWear,\thesneakersarethebrainchildofateamofbusinessmen,andengineersledbyNewYork-baseddesignerDavidCoelho.Theadaptableshoescanbecustomizedbyusingasmartphoneapp.ShoeownerswillhavetheoptionofselectingadesignfromavarietyofHDpatternsbyfamousartistsorcreatingonethemselves.Thecompany'sfoundersimaginethemarketplacewhereartistscannotonlysharebutalsoselltheirdesignstoothers.Despitebeingelectronic,thedesignsareclearlyvisibleeveninthebrightestsunlight.What'sevencooleristhatbyswitchingonbacklight,userscanevenshowofftheirdesignsinthedark!AccordingtoCoelho,thesneakerswillkeeptheirchargeforeverifonlyimagesaredisplayed.Thoughtheywillneedperiodicrecharging,activeusershavenothingtoworryabout.That9sbecausetheshoesareequippedwithspecialWalk-to-Chargetechnologythatpowerstheshoeswitheverystep.Inactiveusersalsohaveoptionsofchargingthesneakerswithoutusingwires.49⚓ᐳ76⚓

49ThebottompartoftheshoesiscoveredwithKevlarfiber,akindofstrongmaterial,reducingnormalwearandtear.Evenbetter,theyarecompletelywaterproofandcanevenbethrownintoanordinarywashingmachineforaquickwash!Thecompanypredictsthattheshoeswillrangeinpricefrom$150to$1,000dependingonthesizeofthee-panelswherethedesignsaredisplayed.Thisisnotthefirsttimethatelectronicsandshoeshavecombined.Lithuania-basediShuhTechnologieshascomeupwithasimilarconceptthatconnectse-readerpanelstoasmartphoneappviaBluetooth.Whetherthesesmartshoesbecomeaspopularasoursmartdevicesremainstobeseenthoughtheysurelyareattractive.1.Whatcanweknowaboutthesmartshoesfromthetext?A.Theelectronicdesignscannotbeseenclearlyatnight.B.Thebottompartoftheshoescanlastlongerduetoaspecialmaterial.C.Thedesignersmakesureeverypairofsneakersisunique.D.Theshoeshavetobewashedbyhandtoprotecttheelectronics.2.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatimagesthesneakersshow.B.Howthesneakerscanworkwell.C.Howthesneakersarecharged.D.Whattechnologythesneakerscarry.3.Thevariedpricesofthesneakersmainlydependon.A.thelengthoftheshoesB.thematerialoftheirbottomsC.thedesignersoftheshoesD.thesizeoftheire-panels4.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesneakers9futuremarket?A.Negative.B.Uncertain.C.Anxious.D.Confident.úᫀ[\]$^_`ᦻbüýᦻ஺ᦻ⌕þÿ
ᐸḄᐙᵯᢈ஺50⚓ᐳ76⚓

501.B⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷Ḅ“ThebottompartoftheshoesiscoveredwithKevlarfiber,akindofstrongmaterial,reducingnormalwearandtear.”!"#
Ḅ$%ᵫᱯ(ᩞᧇᑴᡂ-./Ὂ1஺2.C23ᜧ5⚪஺᪷6ᐵ89:“AccordingtoCoelho,thesneakerswillkeeptheirchargeforeverifonlyimagesaredisplayed.";"That'sbecausetheshoesareequippedwithspecialWalk-to-Chargetechnologythatpowerstheshoeswitheverystep.Inactiveusersalsohaveoptionsofchargingthesneakerswithoutusingwires.”!62⌕=>"#
?᝞AᐙᵯḄ஺3.D⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷B“Thecompanypredictsthattheshoeswillrangeinpricefrom$150to$1,000dependingonthesizeofthee-panels”!-CḄDEFGHᵯC☢JḄᜧK஺4.BLᳮᑨN⚪஺᪷ᨬPB“Whetherthesesmartshoesbecomeaspopularasoursmartdevicesremainstobeseen”!,RὅTH
ḄUᩭḄ├XYZ?[\]Ḅ஺Passage25^⚪:`᛻bcdeBfᦪ314We'reoftenremindedoftheimportanceofpreservingtheplanetforfuturegenerations-andchildrenatStOswald'sPrimarySchoolinChestercertainlyagree.Nine-year-oldIsobelKelleherfromtheschool'sHummingbirdsClassthinksadultsneedtotakenote."SometimestheycanbebusyandIdon'tthinktheythinktheycanmakeadifference,butifeveryonedoesalittlebititalladdsup,“shetellsHuffPostUK."Westartedlookingatplasticpollutioninouroceansandthethingslikeplasticbagsandpiecesofplasticthatarepollutingthem.^shesays."Fishcaneattheplasticandtheycandie,orwemighteveneatthefishourselves.,,MrTimms,IsobePsteacher,hasbeenspearheadinganewprojectattheschoolwhichletschildrenactcreativelytoraiseawarenessoftheneedtobemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.TheentireHummingbirdsClass,whichismadeupof9and10-year-oldpupils,hasbeenbusywritingpoemsandcreatingonlinevideoadvertstowarnadultsabouttheserioussituationofouroceansandwildlife.MrTimmsthinkschildrenhaveanimportantroletoplayinteachingushowtotakecareofthethingsaroundus.”Wesometimesoverlookhowmuchwecanreallylearnfromchildren.hesays."Ithasbeenreallyhardtobelievehavingparentscomeinsayingthattheirchildrenhavebeenaskingthemtostopusingplastic,andtorecyclemore,andevenstoppingthemusingplasticstraws.”51⚓ᐳ76⚓

51MrTimmsisproudofhisHummingbirdsClass."Themessagethattheywouldliketosendtotheworldissimple:Stoppingthisisn'tsomeoneelse9sjob,anditwon'tbeOKifwejustleaveit.”1.WhatcanweinferaboutadultsaccordingtoIsobelKelleher?A.Theyjustpretendtobebusy.B.Theyhaven'tdonetheirpartwell.C.Theycandonothingtostoppollution.D.Theyhavestartedtocareaboutoceans.2.Whatisthepurposeoftheschoolproject?A.Tohelpadultstolearnmoreabouttheirkids.B.Toremindadultstobefriendlytotheenvironment.C.Topersuadestudentstostopusingplasticbags.D.Toteachstudentshowtowritepoemscreatively.3.WhydoesMrTimmsmention“parents“inParagraph4?A.Toprovekidsarecreativeinteaching.B.Toattractpeopletosupporthiswork.C.Tohaveadultscareabouteducation.D.Toshowtheeffectsoftheproject.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aninspiringschoolproject.B.Anappealtostopplasticbags.C.Serioussituationsofourplanet.D.Adults9ignoranceoftheenvironment.hijklImᦻ?opᦻ஺ᦻq2⌕=>PᡠKsḄὁuvᜮxyPz⚗|——~Cᢵ⌼⏨`bḄ5஺1.BLᳮᑨN⚪஺᪷B“Sometimestheycanbebusyand1don'tthinktheythinktheycanmakeadifference,butifeveryonedoesalittlebititalladdsup,“shetellsHuffPostUK.!-IsobelKelleherᜧᙠbcᙢᳫ☢ᨵḄR஺52⚓ᐳ76⚓

522.B⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷6BḄwhichletschildrenactcreativelytoraiseawarenessoftheneedtobemoreenvironmentallyfriendly!,"z⚗|Ḅ|Ḅ?~Cᢵ⌼⏨ᜧ5`b஺3.DLᳮᑨN⚪஺᪷BḄMrTimmsthinkschildrenhaveanimportantroletoplayinteachingushowtotakecareofthethingsaroundus.!,TimmsCᙠᦟᡃ᝞A᰿cᕜ¢Ḅ£ᱥ¥¦§⌕Rᵨ,©ªḼᑮ®¯C~°±²³ᵨᛛᧇஹ~°¶·ᦈᑭᵨº?»¼"z⚗|Ḅ½¾஺4.A¿Àᜧ5⚪Pᦻq2⌕=>PᡠKsḄὁuvᜮxyf⚗|——~Cᢵ⌼⏨`bḄ5.Passage26^⚪:ᱥᦑ£deBfᦪ345Ontheoutside,12-year-oldLunaseemslikeyouraveragekid.It'snotuntilyougettoknowherthatyoulearnthatLunaisanythingbutaverage.Bornwithaheartdefect(Å◍)calleddextrocardia,Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.ButwhenLunawasapproachedbyathleticshoecompanySauconytodesignashoeforsaleacrossthecountry,itcameasquiteasurprise.“Thisissoincredible.IgottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnewthatI'dneverthoughtI'dbeabletodesign,“Lunasays.SheisoneofthesixpatientsfromBostonChildren'sHospital(BCH)whohavepartneredwithSauconytodesigntheirownshoetolaunchtheShoeswithSoulcampaign.“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldraisenotonlymoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatsaysChris,Saucony'svicepresident."Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.^^Luna'sdesignisfashion.<€Onthetongue,theydigitalizedoneofmydrawings,andthenonthebottomit'sareallybrightpinkcolor,andontheinside,thesoleoftheshoeisactuallyanotherdrawingIdidofasunset,,,shesays."Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.Itblowsmymind.”53⚓ᐳ76⚓

53TheincomefromtheshoesaleswillbenefittheBostonChildren'sHospitalCardiacFitnessProgram,whichencourageskidsto"findyourpossible^^throughpersonalizedexerciseprogramstailoredforeachindividualpatient'sheartcondition.“Itfeelsreallygoodtohelppeopleandit'sreallysomethingIcanrelatetoJsaysLuna."TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.Therearealotofkidsouttherewithyourconditionandyou'renotalone.,,l.WhatcanwelearnfromChris,words?A.It'sunwisetoraisemoney.Bit'soptionaltoseekdonations.C.It'swonderfultostudyart.D.It'snecessarytoshowkids9talents.2.WhatdoesLunameanby“Itblowsmymind,,inparagraph5?A.I'moverjoyed.B.Fmveryserious.C.Mymindgoesblank.D.Mymindisracing.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLuna?A.Giftedanddetermined.B.Generousandserious.C.Gratefulandhelpful.D.Creativeandsensitive.4.Whatisthetextmainlyintendedtodo?A.Tellusastoryofasickgirl.B.Setagoodexampletothesick.C.LaunchSaucony'snewbrandshoes.D.Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.Èᫀ54⚓ᐳ76⚓

54ijklÊmᦻ?Pkopᦻ஺ᦻq2⌕ËÌPzᨵḼᐜᜩឋÐÑÅ◍Ḅ12ÒCLunaᨵ⌱ÔÕÖ-×?ØSauconyÙÚᔠR-ᵨḄÜᜩÝÞᢝ-àáâḄC,ᨬãäåP⚗æçᩭèéᐸ°êᨵëìḄ஺1.DLᳮᑨN⚪஺᪷ᦻqḄSpecifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.!,yíCḄî?ï⌕Ḅ஺2.ALðfñ⚪஺᪷ᦻqòLunaḄ^Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.óᑮᐵ8famazing,⊤íõḄ-[¦Ḅᵫö!,Luna÷øùúᔜᙢḄCü¥᝛àáḄC-?Pþÿ᝛
Ḅ஺tblowsmymind”⊤Luna᩽ᐶḄ஺3.Aᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ᦻḄIgottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnewḄsharetheirstoryandtheirtalents!Lunaᨵᜩ%Ḅ(gifted)஺᪷ᦻ&ḄLunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion!Luna'()*Ḅ(determined)஺4.D+,ᜧ'⚪Qᐰᦻ/0“Luna᝞234ᑮ6789Ḅ”“6789ᨵ<=ᑁ?””89Ḅ@Ḅ<=”“89ᨵ<=A⌕'C”"LunaDEF6789G⌴<=”ᩭJK஺ᵫMNO⚗QRSὅ34Ḅ89ᦻḄᑏV@Ḅ஺Passage27W⚪:YZᏉ\]^:_`ᦪ286Headsup!Acrossthecountry,sportsinjuriesareasafetyconcernforyoungathletes.Now,theAmericanMedicalAssociation(AMA)hasanewsetofguidelinesaimedatprotectingplayersfromthedangerofconcussions-seriousinjuriescausedbyablowtothehead.“Byraisingawarenessoftheseriousrisksassociatedwithconcussionsandensuringthatappropriateguidelinesareinplace,wecanreducethenumberofyoungathleteswhomayreturntothegametoosoon,whichcanputtheirhealthatfurtherrisk,“saidAMABoardMemberJackResneckJr.,MD,inastatement.Thepolicyrecommendsthatyoungathleteswhomayhaveaconcussionbetakenoffthefieldassoonaspossible.Then,theycanonlybeallowedtoreturntotheirsportwithadoctor'swrittenapproval.Thepolicy55⚓ᐳ76⚓

55alsosetsage-specificrulesforhealthcareprofessionalsandathleticorganizationsinevaluatingandcaringforconcussions.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCDC
,aconcussionisatypeoftraumaticdefḄgbraininjurycausedbyabump,blow,orjolttotheheadorhittothebodythatcausestheheadandbraintomoverapidlybackandforth.Thistypeofmovementcancausethebraintobounceortwistinsidetheskulld⚝ig.Itcandamagebraincellsandcreatechemicalchangesinthebrain.TheCDCsaysthatbetween1.6millionand3.8milliontraumaticbraininjuriescausedbysportsandrecreation-relatedactivitiesoccurintheU.S.everyyear.AstudyfromtheCenterfbrInjuryResearchandPolicyshowedthatasmanyas40%ofhighschoolathletesreturntoplayingbeforetheyshould.TheAMA'snewguidelinesshouldhelptobringthosenumbersdown.l.WhydoestheAMAsetthenewguidelines?A.Toraisesafetystandardsofsports.B.Toprotectathletesfromconcussions.C.Tosetrulesforhealthcareevaluation.D.Tohelpplayersreturntothegamequickly.2.Whatshouldyoungathleteswhomayhaveaconcussiondo?A.Avoidusingthehead.B.Leavethefieldforever.C.Getmedicaltreatmentintime.D.Switchtoanothersport.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Whataconcussionis.B.Whatcausesdamagetobraincells.C.HowtheCDCworks.D.Howaconcussioncanbeprevented.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RulesforSaferPlayB.SportsInjuriesintheUS56⚓ᐳ76⚓

56C.AdvicetoAthletesD.NewPoliciesforDoctorskᫀmnopq1rᦻstu⍝஺ᦻMNwxyz9ᕒ|}ᾯ◫₩Ḅᑴ*wOᝅsḄᢣ┐஺1.B⁚ᳮp⚪஺᪷ᦻO_ḄNow,theAmericanMedicalAssociation(AMA)hasanewsetofguidelinesaimedatprotectingplayersfromthedangerofconcussionskᫀB⚗஺2.Cᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ᦻOW,z9ᕒᙠᜮ}fz9ᙢ☢Jᑮ£ᨵ¤F¥Ḅ¦☢ᢇ¨©ª«¬஺3.A®ᜧ'⚪¯OW°w<=“concussion";&W±Wᢣ!wᐸ⌼ᡂḄᓻ¶஺4.Aᜧ'⚪OEqᐰᦻ·ᙠᑴ*wOᝅsḄᢣ┐,,ᙠxyz9ᕒ|}ᾯ◫₩Ḅ஺Passage28W⚪:Ꮙ\¥8]^:]`ᦪ367Usingnaturalandorganicproductsforskincareisincreasinglypopular-andthatincludessuncream.Manywebsitesfeatureusers'recipesforhomemadesuncream.Judgingfromthecomment,theriseininterestinhomemadesuncreamisbecausesomepeoplefearthechemicalsinshop-boughtsuncreamandbelievethatnaturalproductsmixedathomewillbebetteratprotectingthemfromthesun'sharmfulrays.Thefearoriginatesfromrecentnewsthatsomesuncreamelementsseemtodisturbhormones(₹ºℳ).ManyofthehomemadesuncreamrecipescontainelementslikesheabutterandcocoabutteraswellascoconutandvitaminEoil.Thesunprotectionfactor(SPF)valuesfortheseelements,accordingtotheauthorsoftheserecipes,arebetweenfourandsix.TheseSPFvalues,iftrue,arenotenoughtoprotecttheskinfromtheharmfuleffectsofsunlight.Somerecipesincludecarrotseedessentialoil,whichtheauthorsclaimtohaveanSPFof35—40.Butthisisunlikely,giventhesmallamountusedintheserecipes.TheEuropean57⚓ᐳ76⚓

57CommissionrecommendedtheSPFformoderateskinprotectionis15-29(and30-50+forhighprotection).Thesun'smostharmfulraysareultraviolet(UV)radiation-notablyUVBandUVAradiation.UVBhasashorterwavelengthanddoesn'tgofarintotheskin,butitisverydangerousasitcanchangetheDNAinskincellsandcauseskincancer.UVAhasalongerwavelengthandcangomuchdeeperintotheskin.UVAcancauseharmfulreactiveoxygenmolecules(ᑖ¾)called"freeradicals^^toform.Thesemoleculescandamagefat,proteinandDNAintheskin,therebyweakeningthenormalfunctionofskincells.Shop-boughtsuncreamcontainsapprovedUV-blockingmoleculesthatblockUVAandUVBrays.Zincoxide(¿ᓄÁ)isoneoftheseUV-blockingmaterials.Ithasbeenextensivelytestedtodeterminethemosteffectivesizeforblockingharmfulrays.Itisnotclearwhetherthezincoxidepowderrecommendedforthehomemaderecipesmeetstherecommendedsizeorproportionneeded.l.Whatmayconcernconsumersoftheshop-boughtsuncream?A.Thepriceofit.B.Thehormonesinit.C.Thechemicalsinit.D.Theproductionprocessofit.2.WhatareSPFvaluesusedfor?A.Measuringtheamountofchemicalsinsuncream.B.Measuringtheharmsuncreamdoestopeople.C.Measuringthehormonelevelofsuncream.D.Measuringtheprotectiveeffectofsuncream.3.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Howsunprotectionproductswork.B.Whatharmthesun'sraysbringtotheskin.C.Howthesun'smostharmfulraysform.D.HowUVBandUVAradiationcanbeblocked.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Shop-boughtsuncreamneedsmoretests.B.Morezincoxidepowderisbeneficialtotheskin.58⚓ᐳ76⚓

58C.Shop-boughtsuncreamismoresuitableforpeople.D.Morechemicalswillbeaddedintoshop-boughtsuncream.kᫀmnopqÂrᦻ°ᦻ஺ᦻMNwᨵÃÄᑴ■᧼ÇÈɪÊËᙢxyÄÌ|}□ᐝḄf¶ᐸÏᖪÑÒḄ■᧼ÇÓᨵ¤FÔÕÃYÖᨵf¶ḄᡂᑖÕ×ØÙÚ᜜ÜÊᨵᦔ஺1.C⁚ᳮp⚪஺᪷O_Ḅsomepeoplefearthechemicalsinshop-boughtsuncreamÞßὅàáᙠᖪÑÒḄ■᧼ÇâÓᨵḄᓄᱥä஺2.Dᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷&_ḄThesunprotectionfactor(SPF)valuesfortheseelements,...is15—29(and30—50+forhighprotection).åᔠᑨSPFç+⌕èé■᧼ÇḄxyᦔê஺3.B+,ᜧ'⚪஺OThesun'smostharmfulraysareultraviolet(UV)radiation—notablyUVBandUVAradiationrḄ+,ᐸᐵì`harmfulraysᵫ!r+⌕íKwî□oḄᐝÜÕïðḄᓻ¶஺4.Cᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷ᨬ——_Shop-boughtsuncreamcontainsapprovedUV-blockingmoleculesthatblockUVAandUVBrays.±Ithasbeenextensivelytestedtodeterminethemosteffectivesizeforblockingharmfulrays.åᔠᙠᖪÑÒḄ■᧼ÇÊ〉ᔠÃô஺Passage29W⚪:Ã49ᱥ]^_`ᦪ293Peoplesaveda20-footorca(õö)thatwasstuckbetweenrocksonanAlaskanshorebycontinuouslypouringwateroveritandprotectingitfrombirdswhocircledabovethedefenselesswhale.Thewhalewasultimatelysavedafterasix-hourlabor-intensivelife-savingoperation.SomeonespottedthelargewhaleonPrinceofWalesIslandnearthecoastofBritishColumbiaonthemorningofJuly29th.TheCoastGuardwascalledaround9a.m.localtime.ChanceStrickland,thecaptainofaprivateyachtinAlaska,andhiscrewanchoredandbeganlife-savingactionsthatwerevideoedbyAroonMelaneandpostedontheInternet.59⚓ᐳ76⚓

59Stricklandcouldheartheorcacallingouttokillerwhalesswimminginthearea.Peopleonotherboatsstoppedwithwaterandbucketstopourwaterovertheanimal."Thereweretearscomingoutofitseyes,"Mr.Stricklandtoldthelocalnewspaper.64Itwasprettysad.”Thegroupofpeopleformedachainthatpassedbucketsofseawaterbackandforthandpouredthewaterontheorca,whichseemedtokeepitalive.Itmadeanoiseandraiseditstailwhenitgotwater.TheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)wascalledin,whichcanbeseenonthevideousingamachinetosprayamistofseawaterontheorca,whichdoubledasawaytoscarethelargegroupofbirdsthatwerehopingtofeastonthebeast.Melanesaidinhervideothattheorcawasstranded(ᤁø)foraboutsixhoursuntilthetidecameinandsweptitbackintotheocean.ThegroupeffortsofStrickland'screwandNOAAsavedthe13-year-oldkillerwhale.l.Whydidbirdscircleabovetheorca?A.Theywereeagertoeatit.B.Theywishedtoprotectit.C.Theywereattractedbythepeople.D.Theywantedtofindaplacetorest.2.WhatdidStricklanddoimmediatelyafterfindingthewhale?A.Postedpicturesonline.B.Calledfriendsforhelp.C.Tookactiontosaveit.D.Videoedthetrappedanimal.3.Whydidthewhalemakeanoiseandraiseitstailwhenitgotwater?A.Toexpressitseagerforwater.B.Toextenditsthankstopeople.C.Tocallouttoitsfellowwhales.D.Toshowitspowerandsadness.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.KillerWhaleGotSavedB.OrcaInspiredKindnessC.CombinedEffortsWanted60⚓ᐳ76⚓

60D.AnimalsandHumansUnited᪍üuᩈmnopqÂrᦻOoýíᦻ஺ᦻ+⌕JKwOᜮ20þÿḄᙠḄḄᐳᨬᦗḄᦑ஺1.A⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷&ᦻ()*+“Peoplesaveda20-footorca...protectingitfrombirdswhocircledabovethedefenselesswhale.",)-+”...scarethelargegroupofbirdsthatwerehopingtofeastonthebeast.”./012ᙠ3456789:;ᔛ஺2.C⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷&ᦻ()=+Ḅ“ChanceStrickland...beganlife-savingactionsthatwerevideoedbyAroonMelaneandpostedontheInternet.”./,Stricklandᙠ?@ABᓽDEFGHᦗ:஺3.AIᳮᑨK⚪஺᪷&ᦻ()L+M“Itmadeanoiseandraiseditstailwhenitgotwater.”.IK0?NOPQRSTU79V⊤XYZḄ[\஺4.A]^ᜧ`⚪஺ᦻ(]⌕bcV*ᜮ20efḄᙠḄ0ḄᐳᨬᦗḄᦑ஺ᡠh“KillerWhaleGotSaved"i9ᦻ(᪗⚪ᨬ9ᔠ〉஺Passage30m⚪:opᯠstMuᦪ310Asageothermalscientist,Iknowthatboilingriversexist-buttheyarealwaysnearvolcanoes.Youneedalotofheattomakethatmuchwaterboil.Wewereworkinginthevolcanicgap,a950-mile-longareathatcoversmostofPeru,wheretherehasn'tbeenactivevolcanismforthepasttwomillionyears.Yetwe'dfoundtheShanaya,anameoriginatedfrom"heatingthing”.Mymeasure-mentsaveraged190—195°F.Thelocalsthinkit'ssohotbecauseoftheYacumama,or“watermother,,—aspiritwhogivesbirthtowaters-representedbyasnake-head-shapedrockattheoriginoftheheatedwater.Ihadtocutmywaythroughthebushatthesideoftherivertotaketemperaturereadings.Allthewhile,rightnexttomewasthisveryhot,fast-flowingbodyofwater.Afriendatthenearestvillagehadtoldme,“Useyourfeetlikeeyes.^^Youcan'tseeheat,butyoucanfeelitwhenyoustepnearit.Iworesandalswxyz.)61⚓ᐳ76⚓

61Iwasatapartoftherivermeasuring210°F,standingonarockthesizeofasheetorpaper,whentherainfell.Itwaslikeacurtainrising.Thetemperaturedifferentialbetweentherainandtherivercausedawhiteout.Icouldn'tsee,butIwhistledtoletmypartnerknowIwasOK.At130°Ffleshcooks,andthewateraroundmewasnearingtwicethat.Myeyeswouldhavecookedinlessthanaminute,andIcouldn'thaveseenhowtogetout.Isawratsfallin,theireyesturningmilkywhite.Ikeptwhistling.After15minutestherainstoppedandthesteamcleared.Ahardraininmostsituationswouldhavebeennothingimportant.Here,foramatterofminutes,itthinnedthelinebetweenresearchingandbeingboiledalive.1.Whatdoweknowaboutboilingrivers?A.Theyarealwaysfoundnotfarfromvolcanoes.B.Theywerediscoveredtwomillionyearsago.C.Geothermalscientistsdoubttheirexistence.D.MostofthemcanbefoundinPeru.2.Whydidtheauthorworesandals?A.Itwasconvenienttowearsandalsintheriver.B.Hewasadvisedtodosobyhisfriend.C.Hewantedtofeelheatwithhisfeet.D.Thetemperaturewashighthere.3.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenitrained?A.Hesignaledtohispartnerforhelp.B.Hewasindangeroflosinghislife.C.Heraisedacurtaintoprotecthimself.D.Hefelldownbecauseofhisblindness.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WaternearvolcanoesB.MilkywhiteeyesC.BoilingpointD.Ahardrain)62⚓ᐳ76⚓

62}ᫀ#ᦻ7*ᦻ஺ᦻ(cViὅὃḄ◅ᔊ஺1.A⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷&)*+Ḅ✌M“Iknowthatboilingriversexist—buttheyarealwaysnearvolcanoes”./Ḅ7஺2.C⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷&)+M“Youcan'tseeheat,butyoucanfeelitwhenyoustepnearit.Iworesandals."./iὅxy79Vt஺3.BIᳮᑨK⚪஺᪷&)-+M“At130°Ffleshcooks,andthewateraroundmewasnearingtwicethat.Myeyeswouldhavecookedinlessthanaminute,andIcouldn'thaveseenhowtogetout.”./iὅ◍ᐭV¡ᓻ◅Ḅ᛻ᙢ0¥¦.§¨©஺ᵫ«IK¬¦iὅᨵᜫ°±²Ḅᓻ◅஺4.C]^ᜧ⚪*ᦻcViὅὃShanayaḄ◅ᔊ³Boilingpoint"ᨬ§´᧜ᦻ(]^஺Passage31m⚪¶·oᢈ¹st:suᦪ335Self-healingwpៜz"electronicskin“thatstretchesintoacircuitboardandcanbeattachedtothehumanbodycouldbeamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetothecurrentwearabledevices,scientistshavesaid.SomeUSresearchersaredevelopingathin,skin-likewearabledevicethattheysayisfullyrecyclableandhasthecapabilitytorepairitself.Theelectronicskincanperformsensoryw»Ḅztaskssuchastrackingadailystepcountormeasuringbodytemperatureandheartrate,andcanbeshapedtobecomfortablywornonanypartofthebody.Theteamsaidtheirworkcouldleadtoafuturewhererecyclablehigh-techskinallowspeopletocollectaccuratedataabouttheirbodieswhilecuttingdownonelectronicwaste."Humanswillhaveproducedover60milliontonsofdiscardedw¼½Ḅzsmartphones,laptopsandotherelectronicsby2025.Oursolutionistostartwithhowwemakethedevice,notwhenit'salreadybeenthrownaway,“saidProfessorXiao,leaderoftheteam.)63⚓ᐳ76⚓

63Theresearchersusedascreenprintingtechniquetocreateanetworkofliquidmetalwiresforthecircuit.Theythenusedtwothinfilmsmadeofaself-healingmaterialcalledpolyiminetocoverthecircuit.TheresearcherssaidtheresultingdeviceisalittlethickerthanaBand-Aidwhichcanbeappliedtotreatthewound.Itcanalsostretchby60percentinanydirectionwithoutmessinguptheelectronicsinside.Theelectronicskincanhealitselfin13minutesifdamaged.Thebondsthatholdtogetherthepolyiminematerialwillbegintogrowtogethertoreformanetworkacrossthecut,similartoskinhealing.However,theelectronicskinisalongwayawayfrombeingabletocompetewiththewearabledevicesonthemarket.Oneofthemainlimitationsisthatitstillneedsanexternalpowersourcetowork."Wehaven'trealizedallofthesecomplexfunctionsyet,butwearemarchingtowardthatdirection,,9ProfessorXiaosaid.1.Whichofthefollowingisnotthefunctionoftheskin-likedevice?A.Takingbodytemperature.B.Keepingtrackofeverydaysteps.C.Collectingdataonelectronicwaste.D.Stretchingtofitanywhereonthebody.2.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.Theprocessofproducingtheelectronicskin.B.Thefuturetheelectronicskinmayface.C.Whytheelectronicskinissopopular.D.Howtheelectronicskinworks.3.WhatisProfessorXiao'sattitudetowardsthenewstyleofdevice?A.Confident.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Worried.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ElectronicSkin:AnEffectiveWaytoCureDiseasesB.ARecyclable,Self-healingWearableDeviceIsInventedC.ProfessorXiao:ExpertDevotedtoImprovingElectronicsD.TraditionalWearableElectronicDevicesAreontheWayOut¾4uᩈ)64⚓ᐳ76⚓

64#ᦻ7ÁÂᦻ஺ᦻ(ÃÄV*Å.ÆᦈḄஹᐹᨵpᡃȨ̈Ḅ.ᡚÎᜓ஺1.C⁚ᳮ#⚪஺᪷&)=+M“Theelectronicskincanperformsensorytaskssuchastrackingadailystepcountormeasuringbodytemperatureandheartrate,andcanbeshapedtobecomfortablywornonanypartofthebody.”./,C⌱⚗“ᦈÓᨵᐵᵯÖᚗØḄᦪ&”7ÚÎᜓḄÛ§஺2.D]^ᜧ`⚪஺᪷&)-+MḄᐵÜÝÞ“stretchby60percentinanydirectionwithoutmessinguptheelectronicsinside"“healitselfin13minutes""growtogethertorefonnanetworkacrossthecut”./0)-+]⌕7ᐵßàÅáâᵯÖÎᜓ7᝞äåiḄ஺3.AIᳮᑨK⚪஺᪷&ᨬA*+M“Wehaven'trealizedallofthesecomplexfunctionsyet,butwearemarchingtowardthatdirection,9ProfessorXiaosaid.”.ᑨKN0ᾠᦟᣴYàÅáâÎᜓᢝpÝḄ᝱t஺4.B]ᔁ`⚪0ìᐰᦻ./0ᦻ(ÃÄV*Å.ÆᦈḄஹᐹᨵpᡃȨ̈Ḅ.ᡚÎᜓ஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺Passage32m⚪:îoîst:Muᦪ311Inmostoftheinspiringstories,oneofthemessagesthatisrepeatedoverandoverisnottogiveup.Givingupisnotanoptionifyoutrulywanttoreachyourdreams.Nomatterwhatchallengesyoufaceorhowmanysetbacksyouexperienceorhowmanytimesyougetknockeddown,youmustn'tgiveup.Youneedtostandstrong,raiseyourheadup,andkeeppressingforward.Well,inmostcases,thisisgreatadvicebutsometimes,givingupisthesmartthingtodo.Nowbeforeyoudecidetojustgiveuponyourcurrentgoals,whatshouldyoudo?Firstofall,youhavetofigureoutexactlywhyyouwanttoachieveyourgoal/dreaminthefirstplace.Isitreallyyourdreamorsomeoneelse's?Isitsomethingthatyoureally,trulywantorsomethingyouthinkyouwantbecauseyouseeabunchofotherpeoplegoingforthesamething?Wepursuedreamsandgoalstobetterourselvesbutmoreimportantly,wedoitbecausewebelieveitwillincreaseourlevelofhappinessandexcitement.Imaginespendingyearstoachieveagoal,finallyachievingit,andrealizingyou9renotanyhappierbecauseitisn'twhatyoureallywant.Sointhesituationwhereyourealizethegoal/dreamyou'reafterisn'treallysomethingyouwant,givingupisagoodchoice.)65⚓ᐳ76⚓

65Anotherthingtokeepinmindisthatforthemostpart,wepursuegoalsforthefeelingsaccomplishingthosegoalswillbringus.Knowingthefeelingsorexperienceyou'reaftercanopenupmoreoptionsforyou.Ifyouknowthefeelingsyou'reafter,youcouldchangeyourfocustoanothergoalthatwillgiveyouthesamefeelingsorexperience.Justdon'tusethisasanexcusetogiveuponsomethingyouactuallywant.1.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Topromoteinspiringstories.B.Toexplaintheharmofgivingup.C.Tointroducethetopicofthistext.D.Tocallonpeoplenottogiveup.2.Whenisitbetterforyoutogiveupyourdreams?A.Whenyoufindothereasiergoals.B.Whentheyaretoodifficulttoachieve.C.Whenothersaredoingthesamething.D.Whenyourealizetheybringnohappiness.3.Whatdoestheauthorprobablyadviseustodoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Pursuewhatyoureallywant.B.Keeptryinguntilyousucceed.C.Focusongoalsnotonfeelings.D.Changefocusifitispossible.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.GivingUpIsSometimesaSmartChoiceB.NoMatterWhatDifficulty,NeverGiveUpC.KeepOnandYouWillAchieveYourGoalsD.GivingUpIstheBiggestEnemyofSuccess᪍ñð#ᦻ7òóᦻ஺ᦻ(ôõᢝoö½÷øóc0ù9ᨵ¦᎛ö½ᜫ9*ÅÂûḄ⌱ü஺)66⚓ᐳ76⚓

661.CIᳮᑨK⚪஺)*+✌ᐜbcḄ*þùÿᓽ⌕,⌕ᢝஹ஺ᦻ⌕ᨵ᎛ᜫ!"Ḅ⌱%஺ᡠ'()*“…butsometimes,givingupisthesmartthingtodo.”-)Ḅ⚪/஺)0ᙠ23ᦻ4Ḅ⚪஺2.D5⁚ᳮ8⚪஺᪷:(;)*“Wepursuedreamsandgoalstobetterourselvesbutmoreimportantly,wedoitbecausewebelieveitwillincreaseourlevelofhappinessandexcitement.”,<=ᔠ"Sointhesituationwhereyourealizethegoal/dreamyou'reafterisn'treallysomethingyouwant,givingupisagoodchoice?@A᝞CD᪗ḄFGHḄIJKᩭMNOD᪗P-QRḄ⌱%஺3.A5⁚ᳮ8⚪஺᪷:(S)*“wepursuegoalsforthefeelingsaccomplishingthosegoalswillbringus”'T“Justdon'tusethisasanexcusetogiveuponsomethingyouactuallywant.“@A,UὅW-XYᡃ[⌕\]ᡃ[^_⌕Ḅ`a஺4.Abᜧ0⚪ᦻPᢝdefgᨵ᎛ᜫ!"Ḅ⌱%஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺Passage33j⚪:l᛻noqr:*sᦪ317Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbomsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.Scientistsstudiedepaulettesharks,whichliveoffAustraliaandNewGuinea.Theyfoundthatwarmerconditionsspedupthesharks'growingprocess.Thatmeantthesharkswerebornearlierandverytired.Thefindingscouldbeusedinthestudyofothersharks,includingthosethatgivebirthtoliveyoung.Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.Theyalsoshowedreducedenergylevels.Epaulettesharkscangrowtoalengthofaboutonemeter.Theirnamecomesfromlargespotsontheirbodiesthatlooklikedecorationsonsomemilitaryclothing.Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.(67⚓ᐳ76⚓

67CarolynWheelerisadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMassachusettsBostonandwiththeARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinAustralia.Sheistheleadauthoroftheepaulettesharkstudy.Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,thoseraisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.Sheaddedthatifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual,theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner-andthey9regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtooceangoverningagenciesthatcarefulmanagementisneededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.l.Inwhataspectdothewarmerconditionsaffectthebabysharks?A.Theirfood.B.Theirbodyweight.C.Theirlivinghabits.D.Theirmovingroute.2.Howdidthescientistscarryouttheirstudy?A.Bystudyingformerdata.B.Bytrackingsharksinthewild.C.Bycollectinginformationaboutclimatechange.D.Bycomparingsharksinwatersofdifferenttemperatures.3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.Theoriginofsharks'names.B.Thesharks9appearance.C.Thethreatstosharks'survival.D.Thesharks9livingenvironment.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsRaiseSharkstoDealwithProblemsB.GlobalWarmingHasReducedSharkPopulationsC.BabySharksStruggletoSurviveinWarmingOceans0.ScientistsAreStrugglingtoSaveSharksfromExtinctionwwxᩈ(68⚓ᐳ76⚓

68z{|8}~ᦻ-!ᦻ஺ᦻ4⌕!ᑮᐰᳫ᎛ᓄḄ,ᙠI@F,[ᙠ᜜I஺1.B5⁚ᳮ8⚪஺᪷:()'Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.“@AᨨḄl᛻¡Ḅ¢£஺2.D5⁚ᳮ8⚪஺᪷:(;)“Somewereraised...Otherswereraised...thesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.“@A¤¥¦[§¨©ª«r¬*Ḅᩭ®¯°[ḄẆ²஺3.C³ᜧ0⚪஺᪷:(´)ᐵ¶·¸“worldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percent...Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.“@A(´)⌕¹Ḅ-ºḄI᪀ᡂ½¾Ḅ¿ᱥ஺4.C³ᜧ0⚪.ᦻ4⌕!ᑮᐰᳫ᎛ᓄḄᙠI@F[,ᙠSÂ᜜I஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺Passage34j⚪:ÃÄÅÆqr:qsᦪ396Europeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.Theprocesscouldprovideamajorsourceofoxygenforhumanstakingpartinmoonexplorationactivitiesinthefuture.ResearchersfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency,orESA,carriedouttheexperimentsatalaboratoryintheNetherlands.TheteamsaysESA'sexperimental“plant“wasabletosuccessfullyproduceoxygenfromsimulatedmoondust.Thedustispartofamaterialknownasregolith,atoplayerofdirtandrockpiecesthatsitonthesurfaceofthemoon.Samplesofregolithfromthemoonhaveconfirmedthatthematerialcontainsabout45percentoxygenbyweight.However,theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofminerals,soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.Havingrealsamplesofregolithfromthemoonmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstocreatethesimulatedmoondustmaterialusedduringtesting.(69⚓ᐳ76⚓

69TheoxygenextractionÇÈÉÊprocessiscarriedoutusingamethodcalledmoltensaltelectrolysisÇᰚÌᵯ8Ê.Thisincludesfirstplacingtheregolithinametalcontainer.Calciumchloridesaltisaddedtothemixture,whichisthenheatedto950degreesCelsius.Atthistemperature,theregolithremainssolid.Next,anelectricalcurrentispassedthroughthematerial.Theresearcherssayitisthisstepthatresultsinoxygenbeingextractedfromtheregolith.Thestudyreportedthatupto96percentofoxygeninthesimulatedmoondustwasextractedduringtheexperiments.ESA'slong-termgoalistodesignanoxygen-producing“pilotplant”tooperatefull-timeonthemoon.Thefirsttechnologydemonstrationofthesystemisexpectedtotakeplaceinthemiddle2020s.BethLomax,aleadresearcherontheproject,said,44Beingabletoacquireoxygenfromresourcesfoundonthemoonwouldobviouslybehugelyusefultofuturelunarsettlers,bothforbreathingandthelocalproductionofrocketfuel.^^Theresearchersreportedthat4tasabonus”,theprocessalsoresultsintheproductionofusablemetallicmaterials.ESAandtheUSspaceagencyNASAarebothworkingonplanstoreturnhumanbeingstothemoon.NASAhassetagoalfor2024withtheaimtokeephumansonthemoonforlongperiods.l.Whyisoxygenfrommoondustdifficulttouse?A.Itistoughforhumanbeingstogetmoondust.B.Itischemicallyfixedasmaterials.C.Theconditionsofmoondustareterrible.D.Thereexitsonlyalittleofit.2.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Whatmoltensaltelectrolysisis.B.Wherethevalueofthestudylies.C.Howoxygenisextractedfrommoondust.D.Whatisnecessaryintheoxygenextractionprocess.3.WhatisBethLomax'sattitudetowardsthepossibilityofgettingoxygenfrommoondust?A.Positive.B.Skeptical.C.Cautious.(70⚓ᐳ76⚓

700.Indifferent.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.RecentStudiesofMoonDustbyResearchersB.HowResearchersExtractedOxygenfromMoonDustC.PotentialSignificanceofOxygenExtractedfromMoonDustD.ResearchersReportExtractingOxygenfromMoonDustSuccessfullyÎᫀz{|8}~ᦻ-|ÐÑÒ⍝஺Ẇ²ÔᕒÒÖ×°[ØÙᡂÚᙢÜᨴᳫÞß*ÈÉà,áºâãᩭḄᨴᳫäὅᩭ-åæᨵᵨḄ஺1.B5⁚ᳮ8⚪஺ᵫᦻ4(é)*ḄHowever,theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofminerals,soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.@A⌱B⚗஺2.C³ᜧ0⚪஺(;)✌ᐜì!!TheoxygenextractionÇÈÉÊprocessiscarriedoutusingamethodcalledmoltensaltelectrolysisÇᰚÌᵯ8Ê.ÇàÈɨî-ïᵨðUᰚÌᵯ8ḄñḄ஺Êᯠóᐹ¢23ᰚÌᵯ8Ḅõö஺ᵫᑨø(;)⌕¹᝞ùÜᨴᳫÞß*ÈÉà஺3.Aúᳮᑨø⚪஺᪷:(S)*ḄBeingabletoacquireoxygenfromresourcesfoundonthemoonwouldobviouslybehugelyusefultofuturelunarsettlers,bothforbreathingandthelocalproductionofrocketfuelÇFÜᨴᳫûüḄýþ*ÿ
ᯠᩭḄᨴᳫὅᨵᵨ*ᔾᧇḄᙢ!"#,BethLomax%&ᨴᳫ'()*
Ḅ"+ឋᢝ.᩽᝱1஺4.D34ᜧ6⚪஺&89:89;Europeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.=>?ẆAᕒCDEFGHIJKL"M&ᨴᳫ'()N
ḄOP஺!"#ᦻR3⌕TLẆAUᕒVWXEFᡂZᙢ&ᨴᳫ'()NL
Ḅ[\஺Passage35]⚪:ᦻ_`ab1:bcᦪ3798e⚓ᐳ76⚓

71DoyoustillrememberthesceneinthefamousmovieTitanic,directedbyCameron,whereJackwasfrozentodeathintheicycoldwatersothatRosecouldsurviveonthefloatingdooralone?Itbrokemanypeople'sheart.Twodecadeslater,peoplearestillaskingthequestion,"Wasn'tthereenoughroomonthedoorforbothofthem?"Camerononcerespondedbysayingitwasn'taquestionofroom,butbuoyancy-ifbothofthemhadtriedtostayontheraft,heargued,thewholethingwouldsink.Butseveralguysfrom“MythBusters”,anAustralian-Americanscienceentertainmenttelevisionprogram,decidedtotestthetheorythemselves.TheydiscoveredthatifRosehadtakenoffherlifejackettothebottomoftheraft,therewouldhavebeenenoughbuoyancytokeepbothofthemafloat.WhentheypresentedtheirfindingstoCameron,thedirectorinsistedthatJackcouldn'tbesaved.“Theanswerisverysimple/9Cameronsaid."Becauseitsaysonpage147ofthescriptthatJackdies."ToCameron,itwasanartisticchoicetohavethebelovedcharacterJackdrownintothecoldsea.JackhadtodiebecauseCameronthoughtitwouldbebest.“Itwasanartisticchoice.Thethingwasjustbigenoughtoholdher,andnotbigenoughtoholdhim,“Cameronsaid."Ithinkit'sallkindofsilly,really,thatwe'rehavingthisdiscussion20yearslater.ButitdoesshowthatthefilmwaseffectiveinmakingJacksoendearingtotheaudiencethatithurtsthemtoseehimdie.Thefilmisaboutdeathandseparation;hehadtodie.^^SinceJackwasdoomedtodie,Cameronsaid,itcouldhavehappenedinavarietyofdifferentways.It'snotaboutthedoornotbeingbigenough:That'sjustapracticalmethodfbrhisdeath."Whetheritwasthat,orwhetherachimneyfellonhim,hewasgoingdownJCameronsaid."It'scalledart:Thingshappenforartisticreasons,notfbrphysicsreasons.”l.WhatdoweknowaboutthecharacterJackaccordingtothetext?A.Heintendedtokillhimself.B.HesacrificedhimselftosaveRose.C.Hedidn'thavemoneytobuyaticket.D.Helackedbasicknowledgeofphysics.2.AccordingtoCameron,whyhastheaudiencearguedaboutJack'sdeathfbr20years?A.Theyarefragilepeople.B.Theydon'tlikethemovie.872⚓ᐳ76⚓

72C.Theylovethecharacter.D.Theyarecrazyaboutphysics.3.Whywasachimneymentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tointroducethestructureoftheship.B.Toshowtheoriginalplanofthemovie.C.Topresentthemissingpartofthemovie.D.ToexplaintheunchangeablefateofJack.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.JackinTitanicMustDie.B.BigEnoughforBoth.C.CameronIsWrong.D.JackCouldSurvive.ᐻjiklmnopᦻqXrᦻ஺ᦻR3⌕XrLᵯtuvᚆxyz{)Jack|qᦗRose~ᓝUFᙠJackᔲḄ"Ḅ⚪ᨵULNᵯt஺,ḄPJack"KLᳮᵫ஺1.B¡⁚ᳮn⚪஺᪷¤89:)DoyoustillrememberthesceneinthefamousmovieTitanic,directedbyCameron,whereJackwasfrozentodeathintheicycoldwatersothatRosecouldsurviveonthefloatingdooralone?"#Jack¥¦§⁐qLᦗRose~©ᱨL«¬஺2.Cᳮᑨ¯⚪஺᪷¤᎔ᦪ8:)ButitdoesshowthatthefilmwaseffectiveinmakingJacksoendearingtotheaudiencethatithurtsthemtoseehimdie."#¥±ᵯtJackᛛ⌼´᝞¶·¸¹᰾M%ᑮE¼½¾EF¿ᑮÀÁ஺ᵫ"#᪷¤CameronḄXP·¸FqJackḄÂL20|qEF¹ÃJack¥¦§⁐஺3.Dᳮᑨ¯⚪஺᪷¤ᨬ9:)Whetheritwasthat,orwhetherachimneyfellonhim,hewasgoingdown"#ᨬ9:NᑮÅÆqLnÇJackPᦋÉḄÊË஺873⚓ᐳ76⚓

734.A34ᜧ6⚪஺᪷¤8Ì:WhentheypresentedtheirfindingstoCameron,thedirectorinsistedthatJackcouldn'tbesaved.=ÍEFẆANCameronÎ,ÏᢝÐqJack"+Ñᦗ஺!ᔠᦻR3⌕ᑁÔ"#,CameronḄPJack"KLᳮᵫ஺ᵫ"#,A⌱⚗“uvᚆxyz{ØḄJackÙÚ”ᨬÜ᪗⚪஺Passage36]⚪:Uᱥᦑ[b1)cᦪ309GlendaandRaphaelSavitzmovedtoNewtonin2O16.Theyfoundthemselveswelcomedintotheneighbourhoodwithtrulyopenarms.Threemonthslater,theygavebirthtoSamantha.Unluckily,shewasbornentirelydeaf.TheneighbourhoodwasstillexcitedtowelcomelittleSamantha,ofcourse,buttheywereworriedaboutherparents.Theneighbourswantedtodosomethingtomakethingseasierforthefamily.AHtheneighbourhoodagreedtotakeontheresponsibilityoflearningasecondlanguageallfortheiryoungestmember.Samanthawouldgrowuplearningto“speak“AmericanSignLanguage,soherfriendsandneighbourswouldleamtospeakitrightalongwithher.Thegroupof18residentsemployedasignlanguageteacherandthewholeneighbourhoodexceptGlendaandRaphaelSavitzbegantolearnAmericanSignLanguageinaneighbour'sbiglivingroom.TheybelievedpeopleeverywherewishedtohaveacommunitywithsomethingpositivearoundandSamanthawasbringingaboutareasonforthemtogettogether.Theneighbourswentonlearninghardandkeptthingssecretforaslongaspossible.Theywantedthirstilytocommunicatewiththelittlegirl.Finally,thetimecametoshowRaphael,Glenda,andSamanthawhattheyhaddone.Thefamilyfoundthemselvesdeeplymovedbythewelcomingsignsoftheirfriendsandneighbours.Glendarecalleditasoneofthemostaffectingexperiencesshe'deverhad.ApresentforSamanthawouldhavemadehergrateful,andthiswassomuchmore.Nowafterneighbourssayhellotoherparents,theybenddowntogreetthree-year-oldSamanthawithsignlanguage.Ateveryturn,inthestreet,orbythecanal,Samanthafeelsincluded.1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheneighbourhood?A.Generous.B.Tolerant.C.Warm.D.Prejudiced.2.Whatwastheneighbours5decisionforhelpingthefamily?874⚓ᐳ76⚓

74A.Collectingmoneyonline.B.Learningsignlanguage.C.AccompanyingSamanthaallthetime.D.TeachingSamanthaasecondlanguage.3.WhatdidtheneighboursthinkofSamantha?A.Sheforcedherparentstostrugglehard.B.Shesetanexamplefbrotherchildren.C.Shecausedthesituationofherfamily'spoverty.D.Shewasanemotionalbondoftheneighbourhood.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ANeighbourhoodWelcomesaNewbornBabywithSignLanguageB.ANeighbourhoodTakesaNewbornDeafBabyasaSignLanguageTeacherC.ANeighbourhoodLearnsSignLanguagetoCommunicatewithaNewFamilyD.ANeighbourhoodLearnsSignLanguagetoComfortUnfortunateNewParentsàᫀklmnopᦻqâãᦻ஺ᦻRãäLGlendaåRaphaelḄæFqEFᜫèḄ᝕ê_ëìíîlᙠïðᙢOὅB½¾ñ᝕ò󴫬ôᜧõö)Ḅ9ᕒḄ¿Uᦑ[஺1.Cᳮᑨ¯⚪஺᪷¤ᐰᦻ"#æFqL¾GlendaåRaphael¥9õUḄøùÔ᧕û,9üqEFᜫèḄ᝕êýþ_îl¥9ᑗ
ᨨḄ஺2.B⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷,ᩭSamantha.3.D⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷ᨬ!"#TheybelievedpeopleeverywherewishedtohaveacommunitywithsomethingpositivearoundandSamanthawasbringingaboutareasonforthemtogettogether.%&'Samantha()ᙠ"+%ᐳ-./0"1ᨵ᰿Ḅ4ᦑ6஺7᪵,Samantha9ᡂ';<=4Ḅ>?஺75⚓ᐳ76⚓

754.CABᜧD⚪ஹFᦻA⌕I0GlendaJRaphaelḄ'KᜫMḄ᝕O%PQᙠRSᙢU.WXYZ᝕[\]^_`ᜧabcḄ"ᕒḄ4ᦑ6%ᦑ“fghabᡂᕒij”ᨬl᪗⚪஺76⚓ᐳ76⚓