职称英语卫生类A级模拟91

《职称英语卫生类A级模拟91》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

A
91⌱⚗☢ᐳᨵ15ᙳᨵ1ᡈᨵᡈᑜ"#$%☢ᡠ'Ḅ4⌱⚗⌱)1*+,-ᑖ/0ᨬ23Ḅᡈ஺51⚪8amnotmeddling.஻Marysaidmildly,justcurious.஻A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.sweetlyWὃYᫀ8A/8“ᡃ]^ᙠ`ab”defgᙢi⍝“ᡃk^l᜻஺”Ḅmildly/n“fgᙢ〉pᙢ”஺q⌱⚗A.gently/n“fgᙢᨵᦟsᙢ”*mildlyḄ/t23;B.shyly/n“vwᙢxyᙢ”zC.weakly^ᢣ“|}ᙢ~}ᙢ”zD.sweetly/n“—〉ᙢᙢ”஺52⚪8In1816itseemedinevitablethatSouthernstateswouldbreakawayfromtheUnion.A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.properWὃYᫀ8B/8ᙠ1816ᓭ$ὶᑖᩭ^]Ḅ஺Ḅinevitable/n“]Ḅᯠ⌕Ḅ"஺q⌱⚗B.certain/n“¡Ḅ,ᯠḄ"*inevitableḄ/t¢23;A.strange/n“᜻£Ḅ"zC.inconsistent/n“]¤¥Ḅ”zD.proper/n“ᔠ〉Ḅ§¨Ḅ”஺53⚪8ManyofCarsonMcCuller'scharactersareisolated,disappointedpeople.A.solitaryB.gloomyC.feebleD.frugali

1WὃYᫀ8A/8«¬ᓱ®•°±²³´Ḅµᱥ·^¸¹Ḅஹ»¤ᑗ·½ᜫ¿᝱pḄµ஺Ḅisolated/n“ÁÂḄ*Ã◞ÅḄ"஺A.solitary/tn“ÆÇḄᓫḄ“ÉÊḄ/tËÌÍ3zB.gloomy^ᢣ“▢ÏḄÐÑḄ”zC.feeble/n“|}Ḅ,ÒÓḄ"zD.frugal/n“⁚ÕḄ”஺54⚪8Theworkersfinallycalledoffthestrikes.A.putoffB.endedC.cancelledD.participatedinWὃYᫀ8C
:صÙᨬÚÛÜÝÞØ஺Ḅcalloff/n“ßàÛÜ”஺q⌱⚗C.cancel/n“ÛÜ"*calloff/t23zA.putoff/n“áâ”zB.end/n"ãä”zD.participatein/n"W*”஺55⚪8Johnhasmadeuphismindnottogotothemeeting.A.wantedB.promisedC.decidedD.agreedWὃYᫀ8C/8Õçèéᡭ¡ë/]ìíî஺Ḅmakeupone'smind/n“ᡭ¡ë
,¡ïð”;C.decide/n“ï¡”,*makeuphismind/t23zA.want/n“ñ⌕”zB.promise/n“«ò”zD.agree/n“ó/”஺56⚪8Icatchacoldnowandthen.A.alwaysB.occasionallyC.constantlyD.regularlyWὃYᫀ8B/8ᡃᏔõî§öᑈ஺Ḅnowandthen/n"øùᏔõ”஺B.occasionally/n“øùᏔõ”*nowandthen/t23஺A.always/n“éú”z2

2C.constantly/n“]ûᙢ”zD.regularly/n“éúᙢ¡øᙢ”஺57⚪8Heoftenfindsfaultwithmywork.A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talksaboutWὃYᫀ8A/8üéú»ᡃḄØýþÿ஺Ḅfindfaultwithᢣ“……Ḅ,ᢇ”஺A.criticize"ᢇ”,findfaultwith;B.praise“⊤”C.evaluate“”D.talkabout“”஺8⚪Thelittlegirlgraspedhermother'shandasshecrossedthestreet.A.understoodB.hadaholdoverC.tookholdofD.leftholdof!ὃ#ᫀC%&'()*+,᝕.ᢕ0᝛ᝤᝤḄ3஺Ḅgrasp“ᢕ0”஺C.takeholdof“ᢕ0,4ᑴ0")graspA.understand“67)ᳮ9”஺grasp:ᨵ“67”Ḅ)<ᙠ>?*+B.haveaholdover“4ᑴ,@...ᨵBC”D.leaveholdof“DE”஺9⚪Inthesituationcomedy,atraditionalformatfortelevisionshows,thesamecharactersappearrepeatedlyinhumorousepisodes.A.respectivelyB.againandagainC.simultaneouslyD.briefly!ὃ#ᫀBᙠFGḄᵯIᒓKLMNOᒓ)PQᢇRᱥᙠTUḄᒓVWXYZ஺Ḅsituationcomedy“MNOᒓ"஺repeatedly“[XᙢஹWXᙢ”B.againandagain“WXᙢ"A.respectively“ᑖ_ᙢ,3

3ᔜ+ᙢ”C.simultaneously“P(”D.briefly“qrᙢ”஺10⚪Thebestoliveoilisobtainedfromolivesthatareharvestedjustaftertheyripen.A.preservedB.squeezedC.sortedD.gathered!ὃ#ᫀDᨬḄᭈQᡂ᤺ᩭḄᭈḄ஺harvest“ᦈ”,ripen'ᡂ”஺D.gather"ᦈV")harvest;A.preserve“”B.squeeze“ᢴ”C.sort“ᑖ”஺11⚪Donotwastetimeoninsignificantpoints.A.interestingB.dullC.unimportantD.boring!ὃ#ᫀC:?⌕(ᙠᳲ¢£M¤஺insignificant“¥ᐵ§⌕Ḅ¥ᵨḄ"஺C.unimportant"?[⌕Ḅ)ᳲ¢Ḅ")insignificant஺A.interesting“ᨵḄ”B.dull“©ᕡḄ,¥«Ḅ”D.boring"¬©ᕡḄ“஺12⚪:ThecompanyissuesanannualreporteveryMarch.A.alongB.ayearlyC.afinancialD.aproduct!ὃ#ᫀB*+°±²³3ᨴ¶·³¸¹º஺annual“²³ḄQ³Q»Ḅ”B.yearly“³¸Ḅ")annualḄ஺C.financial“¼½Ḅ)¾¿Ḅ”஺13⚪:4

4Asbothareligionandasocialforce,PuritanismhasmadeawidespreadinfluenceintheU-nitedStates.A.afar-reachingB.adisturbingC.anannoyingD.afavorable!ὃ#ᫀAÀQÁÂᦟÄÅÆÇÈ)ÉᦟÊËᙠÌÍᨵÎÏḄBC஺widespread“ᑖ·ÎÏḄ)ÐÑḄ"஺A.far-reaching“BCÒÓḄ)ᨵÎÏBCḄ")wide-spread;B.disturbing“ÔRÕ᡾Ḅ”C.annoying‘'ØRḄ"D.favorable“ᨵᑭḄ)ÚRᓺÜḄ“஺14⚪WhenWashingtonD.C.wasburnedin1814,DolletyMadisonrescuedmanyofficialpapersfromtheWhiteHouse.A.stoleB.filedC.hidD.saved!ὃ#ᫀD1814³ḄÝÞßᱯáᜧã)ä⃅•ç7èéêëìᦗYîäïðᦻò஺rescue"óᦗ)⃩ᦗ”D.save"ìᦗ)õᦗ)öᦗ÷øfromùᵨú")rescueA.steal“Ꮥ)ü”;B.file“……ý᫏”C.hide“◚”஺15⚪:Shewasoneoftheleadingwritersinherage.A.successfulB.majorC.outstandingD.musicalὃᫀB᝛᝛ᨬ⌕Ḅ஺leading“⚞ḄḄᨬ!⌕Ḅ"஺B.major“!⌕Ḅ"#leading$%&஺ᐸ()⌱⚗,A.successful“ᡂ.Ḅᨵᡂ0Ḅ"1C.outstanding”23Ḅ4℉Ḅ”1D.musical“67Ḅ”஺5

5▅:ᑨ<▅:=☢?@AᦻAᦻCᑡ3E7FG᪷IAᦻḄᑁKLMF3ᑨ<஺᝞OPQRḄSTUVG⌱WA⚗1᝞OPQRḄ┯YUVG⌱WB⚗᝞OPḄUVᦻZ,[ᨵQ\G⌱WC⚗஺FluShotsOrNot?ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity'smayor,RudollphGiuliani,advisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall,20,000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticular,themayorsuggested,gettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodidea,sinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational]ᔾᐭḄ`formofanthrax]ab`.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms-fever,chillsandmuscleachesintheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated]defg`againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliest,mosttreatablestages.Orsothemayor'sreasoningwent.Unfortunately,thereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronething,gettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn'tguaranteeyouwon'tgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffective,thefluvaccine]fg`protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies]ᢙi`.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu.Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfever,chillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeed,doctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucan'tprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses.Intheworstcase,askingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintended,leadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear'sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctor'soffices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65orolder,nursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV]jkllm`orotherconditions.Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus-notthatyou'reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofar,manymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There'snoneedtoworsenthe6

6tragedybymakingthisyear'sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse.16⚪QuiteafewNewYorkerstooktheirmayor'srecentadviceandgotaflushot.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentionedὃᫀcn@ᦻZ◀EpᜮQᑮstuvᨬ&wxstuyz{ᡭ}~⚜■┐᜜[ᨵQᑮᨵd(Ḅz{ᡭ┐ᡠQuiteafewB=Aconsiderablenumberof%Ḅ`?ᦪ0஺17⚪Itisnoteasytotellanthraxfromfluintheearlydaysoftheinfection.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedὃᫀAAᦻᑮabl}~ᙠ~ᐸ⊤3ᩭḄᓝᑖ%¡ᡠ¢⚪“ᙠ~£᧕¥ᑖ”STḄ஺tellsb./sth.fromsb./sth.=distinguishsb./sth.fromsb./sth.஺18⚪:Thosewhogetthefluvaccinearesurelyprotectedformthedisease.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedὃᫀBAᦻ¦¦“ᡭE}~⚜■┐§£¨©ª£«l"¢ᨬC¬“Mᨵᡂᓟ¯°ᡭE}~⚜■┐¬«}~”ᦑ¢⚪┯Ḅ஺19⚪Someotherillnessesmayexhibitsymptomssimilartothoseoffluandanthrax.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned7

7ὃᫀA᦮)³´¢⚪Ḅµ¶STḄᐸ,ᑮ“·¸ஹ·º»ᾙ½¾¿#abl}~[ᨵÀÁᐵÃ(havenothingtodowith)",ÄÅ“ÆÇÈÉ,MËᜩ80%¯ḄÍ¡}~ḄÎlᵫᐸ(ÍÐlmᡠÑÒḄ”஺20⚪Askingallhealthyadultstogetaflushotmayresultinashortageoftheflushotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedὃᫀAᦻZÓÔᑮE¢⚪ᡠḄᑁKᓽ᝞O³ᡭḄÖ0¿¨⌼ᡂfgAØÄ◤⌕ᡭ⚜■┐Ḅᓾᡭ஺21⚪Peoplewhocareforthosemostvulnerabletotheinfluenzainfectionneedn'tgetflushots.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedὃᫀBAᦻÓ)ᑡÛEᨬ◤⌕ᡭ}~⚜■┐Ḅ,0ᒹÝE“ÞßᳮḄ#(áÒâãḄ(aswellasanyonewhocarefororliveswithsuchpeople)v,ᦑ¢⚪┯Ḅ஺22⚪Noneofthefivepeoplekilledbyinhalationalanthraxhadbeenvaccinatedagainstinfluenza.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedὃᫀCᦻZᨬCᑮ“äåæablçè5éê”ëìQᑮ?Þᔲᡭî}~⚜■┐஺8

8ᭆÝᜧ#ñᡂF▅:=☢?@Aᦻ,AᦻCᨵ2⚗óôÀõ]1`1÷4⚪⌕ùúᡠûḄ6⌱⚗,2÷5M⌱W1STḄþ᪗⚪
258⚪⌕ᡠḄ6⌱⚗⌱4Ḅ⌱⚗ᑖᡂ஺ProlongingHumanLife1Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.2Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesoffamine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.3Inmostcontemporarysocieties,peoplefeelamoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,theymustoften஻goonwelfare"iftheyhaveaseriousillness.4Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweakandilltocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescenthospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-makingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsarcgood,mostofthemaresimplydumpinggrounds"forthedyinginwhich஻care஻isgivenbypoorlypaid,overworked,andunder-skilledpersonnel.23-26Ḅ⌱⚗A.Theoldpeopleareheavyloadforthesociety.B.Prolonginghumanlifemayleadtopopulationexplosion.C.Howtoprolonghumanlife.D.Dependencyloadcausedbyprolonginghumanlife.9

9E.Increasedbirthratehelpsprolonghumanlife.F.Howtheoldpeoplearecaredforwhentheyaregettingweakincontemporarysociety.27-30Ḅ⌱⚗A.tooweakandillB.huntingandgatheringculturesC.childhooddiseasesD.nooneathomeE.epidemicdiseasesF.traditionalcultures23⚪UParagraph1VὃXᫀUBZ[\XUᦻ^_`abcdefgh⌼ᡂᙢᳫlmᦪoḄpqḄrst\ucvwx_yzḄ{|஺|}Xᫀ~⌱⌱⚗B஺24⚪UParagraph2VὃXᫀUDZ[\XUᦻ^`⌕ḄdelfgḄ⌕᯿Ḅlᦪpqc஺|}⌱D⚗஺25⚪UParagraph3VὃXᫀUAZ[\X.ᦻ£`⌕\uὁlhhḄ஺|}⌱A⚗஺26⚪UParagraph4_VὃXᫀ:10

10FZ[\XU`⌕ḄhὁlḄ¡¢ᡈ¤¥¦§¨h©ᑮḄ᯿஺|}⌱F⚗஺27⚪:Manypeoplewouldhavediedofiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago.VὃXᫀUCZ[\XUᦻ^_`aᑮ᝞¬bᙠ100®¯°lh±±²³´µ¶¢஺|}⌱⚗CḄ஺28⚪:In,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeabandonedtodie.VὃXᫀUBZ[\XUᦻ^`ᑮᙠ·¸Ḅ¹º»¼½ᦻᓄ¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇḄὁlhÈᥗÊËᐸ²¸஺|}⌱⚗BḄ஺29⚪:Whenolderpeoplebecometocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.VὃXᫀUAZ[\XUÎ`_ᑮᙠ᝞Ḅhὁl¢ᡈ¦ÏЧhÑÒÓᩭ¯ᜧḄ஺|}⌱⚗AḄ஺30⚪UToday,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftenwhocancareforasickorweakperson.VὃXᫀUDii

11Z[\XUᦻ^ᨬ¨_`×Øy¿hḄl¡ÙÚ»ḄÛܯᜧᜧÀᑖÝÊÞᨵlàᶇᙠÑÂ᯿ὁl|}⌱⚗DḄ஺▅ãᳮ\Ê☢ᨵ3æçᦻæçᦻ¨ᨵ5⍝⚪⍝⚪¨☢ᨵ4⌱⚗஺éê[▅ãçᦻt᪷ìçᦻᑁîïXᐸ¨☢Ḅð⚪4⌱⚗⌱1ᨬñXᫀ஺SunbathandSkinCancerInthesummer,millionsofAmericanswillofferuptheirbodiestothesunrays.Atanindicateshealthandbeauty,andmostsunworshipperswillsacrificealottoachieveit,includingthemselves.Witheachhour,thesunsultravioletradiationBò᜛ôõproducesirreversibleÄö⌮Ḅdamage,hasteningthedevelopmentofunsightlywrinkles.Andwitheachyearonthebeachorrooftop,thesunbatherincreaseshisriskofgettingskincancer.Skincancerisbyfarthemostcommonformofcancer.Anestimated400,000newcaseswillbedetectedthisyearintheUnitedStates,andalmostallofthemcanbeblamedonover-exposuretothesun.Fortunately,mostofthesecancersarehighlycurable.Buttheycanhedisfiguringandtaketimetotreat.Forthatreason,sunworshippersshouldtreatdeitywithagooddealofaweøù.Sunburn,ofcourse,istheinitialhazardposedbyUVradiation.ProlongedexposuretoUV,however,interfereswiththeproductionofcollagenfibersú{ûüinthedermisýþÿ
causingtheskintoloseelasticityឋandcreatingprematurewrinkles.FurtherdeteriorationូᓄGofthedermisdeprivestheepidermis⊤ofnutritionandcausesittobecomethinanddry.CancerisUV'sfinalresult.Shortwaveradiantenergy,especiallyfromtheUV-Bband,breaksthestrandsᨴஹofDNA.Enzymes⏘workconstantlytorearrangetheDNAintopropersequence,butwithrepeatedUVexposure,therepairprocessmayeventuallybreakdown.ThenthemutantḄDNAmayproduceacolonyofcancercells.Butskincancermaybeavoidedwithagooddoseofcommonsense.Peoplewithfairskinandblueeyeswhoburneasilystandthehighestrisk.Specialdangerspotsarethepartsofthebodymostconstantlyexposedtothesun,suchasthecheeks,nose,lowerlipandtheears.PeoplewhohavealreadydevelopedprecancerousḄlesionsGorhadoneskin-cancergrowthstandagreatlyincreasedchanceofdevelopingothers.Dermatologistsrecommendavoidingthesunwhenitismostintensebetween11a.m.and3p.m.Anyonewhoinsistsonsunbathingshoulduseagoodsunscreen.TheselotionsandsalvesWGcontainchemicalsthatblockouttheburningUVBradiationwhilepermittingthetanningraystoreachtheskin.31⚪Accordingtothepassage,over-exposuretothesunmayresultin.12

12A.thewrinklesthatcannotbeseenB.theskincancerC.allkindsofsacrificesD.healthfulbeauty6ὃ8ᫀBᙠ;⚪<=ᢕ?“over—exposure”FG
ᙠHIḄᨬKFL“.andalmostallofthemcanbeblamedonoverFexposuretothesun."A⚗“PQ”RD⚗“ᏉTU”VWFXḄY᧼[\Ḅ]^_`Y᧼[\஺C⚗“bcFᑗef”g_`Y᧼hᨵjkᐵm஺32⚪Theunderlinedword“deity"inthethirdparagraphrefersto______.A.somethingmysteriousB.theskincancerC.thesunD.over-exposuretothesun6ὃ8ᫀCᵫuIvw
ᓽyz{ៜ
}~ὅḄᨵv
]ḄW□ᐝ
jv=ḄW□ᐝ□
]bW஺<
ᦻW“treatdeitywithagooddealofawe”FXWᮣW“ᝰ”
]¡¢£¤□¥WF¦ᮣ
ᓽ□஺§¨ᡠª
v«⚪⌱C஺33⚪:WhichofthefollowingcomesfirstasapossibledamagebyUVradiation?A.Sunburn.B.Thelossofskinelasticity.C.Drynessofepidermis.D.Thedeteriorationofdermis.6ὃ8ᫀAᙠᦻ³uIḄ´L"Sunburn,ofcourse,istheinitialhazardposedbyUVradia—tion.”·¸▭¨Wº᜜¼½¾¿ÀḄᨬÁᓻ஺ᐜW᧼·
ÄÅᩭWÇஹᜫÉឋ
⊤஺34⚪WhatmaybetheworstresultaftertherepairprocessoftheDNAfinallyfail?A.ShortwaveradiantenergybreaksthestrandsoftheDNA.13

13B.ThemutantDNAmayproduceacolonyofcancercells,C.EnzymesworktorearrangetheDNAintoaneworder,D.ThepatientisexposedtoUVfromtimetotime.6ὃ8ᫀB8ᫀᙠ´IḄuஹ´L"Enzymes⏘workconstantlytorearrangetheDNAintopropersequence,butwithrepeatedUVexposure,therepairprocessmayeventuallybreakdown.ThenthemutantḄDNAmayproduceacolonyofcancercells."Ì<ÍḄY᧼⌼ᡂÐÑ_ÒÓÔ
ÕᨵvÖ×À஺35⚪:Thelastparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.thetreatmentoftheskincancerB.thepreventionoftheskincancerC.thepartsofthebodywherecancerismostlikelytodevelopD.thelotionsthatworkbestinfightingagainsttheskincancer6ὃ8ᫀBᐸ¸Ù⌕ᢕ?“Dematologistsrecommend”“avoidingthesun”"sunscreen""blockout”ÛᐵÜGÝᳮßᨬKFIàá᝞ã⚜■஺AdaptationofLivingThingsCertainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsᱥ¿thatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicalsçèᱥ.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun'senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptations,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Somearehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.14

14Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammalséêëᱥ
whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.36⚪Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay.A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneededB.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditionsC.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkindD.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms6ὃ8ᫀC᪷íᦻ³ḄFLî“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.”vïð᧕ᙢóôõ8ᫀWC஺37⚪Inthefirstparagraph,theword"environments“couldbestbereplacedby.A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies6ὃ8ᫀBᙠbö÷"environments"ḄøùÅ
ᡃvû_¨ÅᦻᩭüýGḄþÿ஺᪷ᑁ⌕ᱥ〉ᐸ᪷ᑨ〉┐!᛻#$Ḅ&'()"environments"*+“!᛻”஺#A⚗contexts*+“/0ᦻ2᛻”C⚗neighbors*+“34”D⚗enemies*+“56”789ᔠ⚪<⌕=஺B⚗surroundings>?ᙠ᎔ᦪC“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.”EFGHIᫀB஺38⚪:Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored.15

15A.tofrighteneditsenemiesB.toattractitsenemiesC.toadjustitsbodyheatD.tomatchitsenvironmentLὃIᫀND᪷OḄCP"Somearehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.”ᑨ,RᱥSᵨUVᡈὅY⊤[⁐ᩭ^ᑮ`ab◚dᙠ!᛻eḄfḄEFIᫀD஺39⚪:WhichofthefollowingisNOTdirectlymentionedinthepassage?A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.LὃIᫀND᪷ᨬhḄCPi“Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgeneticsN”jAஹBஹCO⚗7ᙠᦻelmnoᑮ஺40⚪NTheauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratethatalivingthingmayhavetheability.A.tocreateanenvironmentofitsownB.toremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.C.tomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicalsD.tochangethecolorofitsskin.LὃIᫀNA᪷ᨬh—ḄOP"Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm—bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather."rs᧕ᙢv>GHIᫀA஺NaturalMedicinesSinceearliestdays,humanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicines.Weknowthisbecausehumanshavesurvived.Ancienttreatmentsforinjuryanddiseaseweresuccessfulenoughtokeephumansfromdyingoutcompletely.Theyweresuccessfullongbeforethetimeofmodernmedicine.16

16BeforethetimeofdoctorswithwhitecoatsandshinywxyḄzinstruments.Beforethetimeofbighospitalswithstrangeandwonderfulequipment.Manypartsoftheworldstilldonothaveuniversity-educateddoctors.Nordotheyhaveexpensivehospitals.Yetinjuriesaretreated.Anddiseasesareoftencured.How?Byancientmethods.Bymedicinesthatmightseemmysterious,evenmagicalBᨵ|}Ḅz.Traditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnormagical,however.Throughthecenturies,tribalwḄzmedicinemenexperimentedwithplants.Theyfoundmanyusefulchemicalsintheplants.Andscientistsbelievemanyofthesetraditionalmedicinesmayprovidethecureforsomeoftoday'smostseriousdiseases.Expertssayalmost80%ofthepeopleintheworlduseplantsforhealthcare.Thesenaturalmedicinesareusednotjustbecausepeoplehavenootherformoftreatment.Theyareusedbecausepeopletrustthem.Indevelopedareas,fewpeoplethinkaboutthesourceofthemedicinestheybuyinastore.Yetmanywidely-usedmedicinesarefromancientsources,especiallyplants.Someexpertssaymorethan25%ofmodernmedicinescome,inonewayoranother,fromnature.Scientistshavelongknownthatnatureisreallyachemicalfactory.Alllivingthingscontainchemicalsthathelpthemsurvive.Soscientists'interestintraditionalmedicineisnotnew.Butithasbecomeanurgentconcern.Thisisbecausetheearth'ssupplyofnaturalmedicinesmaybedroppingrapidly.41⚪NThepassageindicatesthatancienttreatmentsforinjuryanddiseasewere.A.muchmoresuccessfulthanmodernonesB.successfulenoughforhumanstosurviveC.successfulinallcases.D.oflittlehelptohumansLὃIᫀNB“…successfulenoughtokeephumansfromdyingoutcompletely^wᨵᦔᙢ6ᐰz⌱⚗Busuccessfulenoughforhumanstosurvive”wᨵᦔᙢ60ᩭz*᪵஺ᦻeᨵ⌱⚗AḄᑁrs▭/8ᙢrs஺⌱⚗CD>ᑨ)ᔲ)7┯Ḅ஺42⚪NWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Modernmedicinesarenowavailableallovertheworld.B.Manybigandmodernhospitalsareexpensive.C.Traditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnormagical.17

17D.Humanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicinessinceearliestdays.LὃIᫀNAOPCP⌱⚗AeḄ"allovertheworld”ᔲ)#ᐸ¡O¢⌱⚗Ḅᑁᙠᦻe7lmᡈ£m¤ᑮN⌱⚗BḄᑁᙠCᨬhPOPஹCP7£moᑮᡃ¦aᯠ¨©ᑮᜧ«▾ᨵ?ᓄḄ«ᶭ°ᜓᨵ²³´µᦟ·Ḅ«ᨵ?ᓄḄ¸¹º»Ḅ¼½¾ᯠ᧊ÀÁOᨬhPḄᑁ⌱⚗CḄᦻÂᐰÃÄÁPḄᑁ⌱⚗DḄᑁÃÄ஺43⚪NItisbelievedbyscientiststhattraditionalmedicines.A.cancureallkindsofdiseasesB.maycuresomeoftoday'smostseriousdiseasesC.arenolongerusefulformodernmenD.aretoocheaptobeusefulLὃIᫀNBÅᨬhPoÆÇÈ⚪ḄIᫀÉᜐ◀PÌÍ᪀8Ä᜜ᦻÂᐰÃÄ஺ᐸ¡O¢⌱⚗Ḅᑁᦻ7ᨵoÐ᪷ᑨj⍝Ò¦8GHIᫀ஺44⚪NWhatdothemajorityofthepeopleintheworlduseforhealthcare?A.Strangeandwonderfulequipment.B.Factory-producedchemicals.C.Modernmedicines.D.Plants.LὃIᫀNDÓPlmoÆÇ⚪ḄIᫀ஺45⚪NItcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheearth'ssupplyofnaturalmedicines.A.mayneverbeexhaustedB.maybedroppingrapidlyC.issurprisinglybigD.isasrichaseverLὃIᫀNB18

18ᦻᨬhPlmoÆÇÈ⚪ḄIᫀᐸ¡O¢⌱⚗ᙳFᐰÃÕ஺⊡ᐰi▅Ø0☢ḄᦻᦻÚeᨵ5ᜐÛÜᦻÚhᨵ6ÝᦻÂÞ᪷ᦻÚḄᑁ⌱ß5ÝᦻÂàᐸᑖâãäᦻÚåᨵḄæçឮéᦻÚåê஺ÞàIᫀëᙠÃḄìí/஺AmericanDreamsThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters:theUSisalandofextremeswherethebestofthingsarejustaseasilyfoundastheworst.Thisisaclichew▰ïðñz.Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofindsomeofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld.ButtheAmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone._46_Noclasssystemorgovernmentstandsintheway.Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue.OverthepastfewdecadestherehasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened._47_Overthepast25yearsthemedianUSfamilyincomehasgoneup18percent.Forthetop1percent,however,ithasgoneup200percent.Twenty-fiveyearsagothetopfifthofAmericanshadanaverageincome6.7timesthatofthebottomfifth._48_Inequalitieshavegrownworseindifferentregions.InCalifornia,incomesforlowerclassfamilieshavefallenby4percentsince1969._49_ThishasledtoaneconomyhugelyinfavorofasmallgroupofveryrichAmericans.Thewealthiest1percentofhouseholdsnowcontrolathirdofthenationalwealth.Therearenow37millionAmericanslivinginpoverty.At12.7percentofthepopulation,itisthehighestpercentageinthedevelopedworld.YetthetaxburdenonAmerica'srichisfalling,notgrowing._50_Therewasaneconomictheoryholdingthattherichspendingmorewouldbenefiteveryoneasawhole.Butclearlythattheoryhasnotworkedinreality.A.NobodyispoorintheUS.B.Thetop0.01percentofhouseholdshasseenitstaxbitefallbyafull25percentagepointssince1980.C.Forupperclassfamiliestheyhaverisen41percent.D.Nowitis9.8times.E.Asitdoesso,thepossibilitytocrossthatgapgetssmallerandsmaller.F.Allonehastodoistoworkhardandclimbtheladdertowardsthetop.19

1946⚪:LὃIᫀNFõö÷IN᪷ÛøhP*jùúûüýþÿᜧ
ᡠᨵ
ᨵ▤ᢰ஺ᵫᜐ⌕⊤Ḅ"#$“ᡠᨵ&'()*ᧅ
ᔣ-./'ᥤ1”
ᦑ⌱F஺647⚪:;ὃ=ᫀ:E@AB=:CஹEFG&HḄ$IJKLMᩭMᜧ
OᜐPQHḄR$“gap”
ᦑ⌱E,WX$᪵
ZMᩩ\]Ḅ^ឋ`aMᩭMb஺648⚪:;ὃ=ᫀ:D@AB=:fg⌕$hiHj“gap”`aMᩭMᜧ
Hkl25oḄKL
pq⌕Hrᙠᩭtuvw.ᦑ⌱D஺649⚪:;ὃ=ᫀ:C@AB=:fg⌕HIJ{|Ḅr}ៜ
ᙠᑭ
Ḅᦈᐭ1969o4%,᪷EḄ“bᑖᨵḄᩭᜧḄ¡”

ᜐᡠ⊤Ḅ"#$“JḄᦈᐭ¢£"
ᦑ⌱C஺650⚪:;ὃ=ᫀ:B20

20@AB=:᪷f6FᨬEF
ᜐP$¨ᨵ©ª«Ḅhi
ᦑ⌱ᦑ¬®▅°☢Ḅ²ᦻ
ᦻ´ᨵ15ᜐµ
¶ᜐµ·4¸⌱⚗
º᪷²ᦻḄᑁ¼4¸⌱⚗´⌱½1¸ᨬ¾=ᫀ஺ABiologicalClockEverylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells_51_whentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells_52_whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Eventsoutsidetheplantandanima_53_theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfur_54_thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort_55_ofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekindofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration_56_twiceeachyear.Birds_57_flyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip,_58_theybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich_59_ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcher,MartinMoorhead,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain_60_tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These_61_tellapersonwhento_62_,whentosleepandwhentoseekfood.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthatcontrolotherbodyactivities.Dr.Moorheadisstudying_63_ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork.Forexample,mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangetodifferentworkhours._64_cantakemanydaysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorheadsaidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid_65_understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreaseafactory'sproduction.651⚪:A.animalsB.plantsC.humansD.scientists;ὃ=ᫀ:B21

21E¿FwhentoformflowersandwhenflowersshouldopenO⍝
ÎᨵplantsÏᨵÐ஺C☢ᨵqÑÒÓ⛲Ḅplants$Õᢣ×ᱥᜧÙ
ÚÛᱥÙܨP஺652⚪:A.insectsB.birdsC.fishD.snakes;ὃ=ᫀ:AE☢·rḄwhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayäåᡃç
èᨵ⌱in-sectsÏ$êWḄ
ëìÎᨵinsectsÏᨵprotectivecocoons,íbirds>fishsnakes&ᨵ஺653⚪:A.effectB.affectC.effectedD.affected;ὃ=ᫀ:BaffectðìÛÒ$“ñò”Ḅ"#
íeffectðìÛÒᑣ$“ôõö
ôöᦔ”Ḅ"#஺øùúḄ$Û×ᱥöᱥûḄüýþ
ᡠÿᵨḄᙠ஺54⚪:A.becauseB.forthereasonthatC.becauseofD.since#ὃ%ᫀ'C()*ᵨ+,-./0ᐸ234஺because5since6ᨵ“/0”Ḅ:;.<=>63?.ᵨᩭABC/D-EF.forthereasonthat2GFH.ᡠJKL3%ᫀ஺55⚪:A.monthsB.daysC.minutesD.weeks22

22#ὃ%ᫀ'B᪷STFUḄinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer5XFUḄthenumberofhoursofdaylight,JZ[\ḄU];^._Jᑨa.*⌱cB,/0dᜩf,gh.iᜩᑣkl஺56⚪'A.flightB.flyC.movementD.transportation#ὃ%ᫀ'ApFUᨵbirds,migration(q.TFrsZtuvwxḄyLz.{|⍝*[~0“vw”Ḅ4஺fly3.L⌱cᐸ⌱⚗K6Lᔠ〉஺flight3flyḄ4.ᡠJ3ᔠ〉Ḅ⌱c஺57⚪'A.preventedfromB.orderedbyC.helpedbyD.intrudedon#ὃ%ᫀ'A[FFHḄ3'-birds,-becomerestless஺ᡠJ.ᡠ~Ḅ3ᑖ.⛲birds஺EXTᦻ⊤Ḅ:;ᑨa.orderedbyஹhelpedby5in—trudedon6Lᓛ¢.£ᨵpreventedfrom3ᔠ〉Ḅ⌱c஺58⚪:A.andB.butC.thereforeD.however#ὃ%ᫀ'B¥¦§.()◤ᵨ?.?G[FU©wḄᑖF஺ª᪷S᦮FHḄF:,X¬F5T¬Fᡂk®¯°'becomerestlesswhenthetimeoftheflighthasended,ᡠJ*⌱cbul,⊤±²kḄ³:;஺23

2359⚪:A.portionsB.partsC.sectionsD.kinds#ὃ%ᫀ'Bportion3“µᦪ·,¸“.section3“ᑗTḄºᑖ".kind3“¼½”.6L¾ᔠXTᦻ:;?¿Ḅ⌕Á஺ÂᨵB3ÃÄḄ⌱⚗஺60⚪'A.tryB.triesC.seemD.seems#ὃ%ᫀ'DL⌱cC,/0-3group,ªL3cells,ᡠJ⌕ÆᵨḄÇÈÉᓫᦪseems஺A5BL¾ᔠËÌ஺61⚪'A.thingsB.partsC.cellsD.actions#ὃ%ᫀ'cTheseϦ.ᐸ243XᦻÐÑÒᑮḄÔqÕᱥ.ᓽcells஺ETᦻU_JØÙ.ÚÛactionsKᙠXᦻUÙ.<[L¾ᔠF:஺⌱⚗A5B:;LÜÄ஺62⚪:A.awakenB.wokeC.awakeningD.wake-up#ὃ%ᫀ'A[FUḄÇß-63àᶧâãḄLµ.ᡠJ6⌕ᵨC஺awaken3Âᔠ〉Ḅ⌱c.woke3wakeḄ.awakening3ä.wake24

24up34஺63⚪:A.howB.whyC.whereD.what#ὃ%ᫀ'Astudying2☢3EFç=Ḅß-.ªEFè✌ᜐ*ᨵ?஺ëCᡈD~ᐭîï.XTᦻ:;L?¿஺᪷STᦻḄðH.çὅòóḄL3ôᱥõ0ö÷øùúᡃ>Ḅüç.ª3ôᱥõ᝞þùúᡃ>Ḅüç஺ᡠJ.how3ÃÄḄ⌱c஺64⚪'A.WeB.ItC.TheyD.YouὃᫀB᪀toacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours*+▭-Ḅ/012ᜐ◤⌕6789/0ᡠ;<=⌱?It஺A65⚪:A.ifB.suchC.withD.soὃᫀBHḄunderstandingJᯠ*-LᑮḄbetterunderstanding,CP*ᨬRḄ⌱⚗஺ᐸUV7⌱⚗ᙳXᔠ0Z஺25