职称英语卫生类A级模拟78

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78⌱⚗☢ᐳᨵ15ᙳᨵ1ᡈᨵᡈᑜ"#$%☢ᡠ'Ḅ4⌱⚗⌱)1*+,-ᑖ/0ᨬ23Ḅᡈ஺51⚪8Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.A.takeoutB.breakoffC.pushinD.digupTὃVᫀ8A52⚪:TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.A.playB.showC.sendD.tellTὃVᫀ8B53⚪:Thistableisstronganddurable.A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternalTὃVᫀ8A54⚪:Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinallyexpired.A.firedB.resignedi

1C.dieD.retreatedTὃVᫀ8C55⚪8Thegirlisgazingatherselfinthemirror.A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staringTὃVᫀ8D56⚪8Thepriceofvegetablesfluctuatesaccordingtotheweather.A.jumpsB.risesC.fallsD.changesTὃVᫀ8D57⚪8Didyoudothattoirritateher?A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protectTὃVᫀ8C58⚪8Marylookedpaleandweary.A.illB.tired2

2C.worriedD.peacefulTὃVᫀ8B59⚪8Thewaterinthispartoftheriverhasbeencontaminatedbysewagemnop.A.pollutedB.downgradedC.mixedD.blackenedTὃVᫀ8A510⚪8Hertreatmentofthesubjectisexhaustive.A.boringB.thoroughC.interestingD.touchingTὃVᫀ8B5H⚪8Thesearetheirmotivesfordoingit.A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plansTὃVᫀ8A512⚪8Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest.A.twists3

3B.stretchesC.broadensD.bendsTὃVᫀ8C513⚪8Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumptionTὃVᫀ8C514⚪8Theseprogramsareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormousTὃVᫀ8D515⚪:Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protectTὃVᫀ8B▅sᑨu▅s☢vwᦻᦻ%ᑡz{7#᪷}ᦻḄᑁzᑨu஺᝞Ḅ#⌱4

4)A⚗᝞Ḅ┯#⌱)B⚗8᝞Ḅᦻᨵ#⌱)C⚗஺CosmeticSurgerySurgerythatcanimprovethewayapersonlooksisbecomingmoreandmorepopularintheUnitedStates.Thiskindofsurgeryiscalledcosmeticsurgery,andbothmenandwomenareturningtothistreatmentasawayofkeepingtheirappearanceyoungaswellaskeepingcompetitivemᨵḄpintheirjobs.Menespeciallyarebeginningtoturntoface-liftsm☢-pliposuctionmtakingfatoutofthebodyp,andimplantsmputtingartificialpartsintotheirbodiesptohelpthemlookyounger.Ascompaniesdownsizempandmoveyoungeremployeesintohigherpositions,olderemployeesintheirlatefortiesandearlyfiftiesfeeltheneedtolookandactyoungerinordertostaycompetitivE.Theseoperationsarenotwithoutdangers,however.Oneyoungwomanhadaneyeoperationtogetridofthebagsunderhereyes.ShedescribedherexperienceasterriblE.Shesaid,“Whenhestartedcutting,IwasfullyawakE.Eventhoughhe'dgivenmeaninjectionnearmyeyes,Isaweverything.஻Shewentontoexplain,஻IknewIhadtokeepstillbecauseofwhathewasdoing.Hewasscrapingm¤ijpawayfatunderneathmyeyes.Ittookabouttenminutes.Afterhefinished,IfeltIcouldn'twalk.Iwassofaint.஻Hertroublesdidnotendaftertheoperationfortwoweeks.Hereyeswereswollenm¥¦Ḅpandalmostcompletelyclosed,andevendarkglassescouldnothidethesideeffectsoftheoperation.Liposuction,takingfatoutofthebody,isprobablythemostpopularcosmeticoperationintheUnitedStates.Itseemssimpleenough.First,asmallcutismadeovertheplacewherethepatientwantsthefatremoveD.Next,asmallpipeisputintothecut.Amachinelikeavacuumcleaneristhenusedtosuckthefatoutofthebody.However,asonedoctorexplained,someproblemscallhappenaftertheoperation.Hewarned,zIrregularlumpsandlooseskincanresetfromthisoperation.Ifitisnotevenlydone,liposuctioncanproduceaverylumpyresult.஻Patientsoftenmusthavemoreliposuctiontocorrecttheproblem.516⚪8CosmeticsurgeryismorepopularintheUSthananywhereelse.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8C5

5517⚪8Thewayamanlookshaslittletodowiththejobopportunitieshemayhave.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8B518⚪8Therearehardlyanyrisksinvolvedincosmeticoperations.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8B519⚪8Theyoungwomanwasbynomeanssatisfiedwiththeeyeoperation.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8A520⚪8Theeyeoperationwassuchafailurethatthewomanrefusedtopayforit.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8C521⚪8Noteveryoneisagoodcandidateforliposuction.6

6A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8C522⚪8Sometimesliposuctionpatientsmayhavetoundergomorethanoneoperation.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTὃVᫀ8Aᭆᜧ/*®ᡂ▅s☢vwᦻ,ᦻ%ᨵ2⚗°±²³8m11´4⚪⌕¶$ᡠ'Ḅ6⌱⚗·52´5¸¸⌱)1Ḅ¹᪗⚪m255´8⚪⌕¶$ᡠ'Ḅ6⌱⚗⌱)4Ḅ⌱⚗ᑖ»®ᡂ஺Cloningm¼◖p:FuturePerfect?1.Acloneisallexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997,researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998,scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalvesm¾¿*usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:஻Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears,.zhetoldtheworld.2.Seed'sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattention,mostofitnegative.InEurope,nineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheUSthePresidentannounced,஻WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheUSwillhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.3.Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning,theyarewordedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarch,TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanit,humancloningwillhavebecome7

7routineby2010becauseitisimpossibleto.stoptheprogressofscience.4.Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?ThepublichasbeenbombardedmÀÁ*withnewspaperarticles,televisionshowsandfilms,aswellcartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleading,andmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundreds,theanti-clonersask.Prettycool,answerthepro-clonersmÂᡂ¼◖ḄÃp.23-26Ḅ⌱⚗A.WhereyoustandwhilewaitingtocrossB.WhereyouwalkC.WhereyousitonabusD.WhenyougotobedE.WhenpollutionlevelsriseF.Whenyougetup27-30Ḅ⌱⚗A.duringrushhoursB.inspringandautumnC.totoxicairD.betweenautumnandwinterE.asexposuretonuclearradiationF.onthedownwindside523⚪8Paragraph1.TὃVᫀ8DÄÅÆV8524⚪8Paragraph2.TὃVᫀ8AÄÅÆV8525⚪8Paragraph3.8

8TὃVᫀ8EÄÅÆV8526⚪:Paragraph4.TὃVᫀ8BÄÅÆV8527⚪:RichardSeedclaimedtobeabletocloneTὃVᫀ8CÄÅÆV8528⚪:RichardSeed'sannouncementreceivedTὃVᫀ8FÄÅÆV8529⚪:TheUnitedStateswillintroduceTὃVᫀ:DÄÅÆV:530⚪:9

9Withintenyearsscientistswillprobablyhave.TὃVᫀ8BÄÅÆV8▅sᳮÆ☢ᨵ3wᦻwᦻ%ᨵ5⍝⚪⍝⚪%☢ᨵ4⌱⚗஺#ÉÅ▅sᦻÊ᪷}ᦻᑁËVᐸ%☢ḄÍ⚪$4⌱⚗⌱)1ᨬÎVᫀ஺CrystalEarOnedayafriendaskedmywifeJillif1wantedahearingaid."Hecertainlydoes."repliedJill.Afterhearingaboutaremarkablenewproduct,JillfinallygotupmenervetoaskmeifI'deverthoughtaboutgettingahearingaid."Noway.“Isaid.^Itwouldmakemelook20yearsolder.”“No,no,vshereplied.^Thisisentirelydifferent.It'sCrystalEar!”Jillwasright.CrystalEarisdifferentÔnottheold-styledbodywornorover—theÔearaid.butanadvancedpersonalsoundsystemsosmallthatit'slikecontactsm◚×ØÙpforyourears.AndCrystalEarissupersensitiveandpowerful,too.Youwillhearsoundsyourearshavebeenmissingforyears.CrystalEarwillmakespeechlouder,andthesoundispureandnatural.Icouldn,tbelievehowtinyitis.Itissmallerthanthetipofmylittlefingerandit'salmostinvisiblewhenworn.Therearenowires,nobehind-theÔeardevice.Putitinyourearanditsready,towearmoldm×Ûpfitscomfortably.Sinceit'snottooloudortoofight,youmayevenforgetthatyou'rewearingit!Useitatworkoratplay.Andifyourhearingproblemisworseincertainsituations,useCrystalEaronlywhenyouneedit.Hearingloss,whichoccurstypicallypriortoteenageyears,progressesthroughoutone'slifetime.Althoughhearinglossisnowtheworld,snumberonehealthproblem,nearly90percentofpeoplesufferinghearinglosschoosetoleavetheproblemuntreated.Formanymillions,treatinghearinglossinaconventionalwaycaninvolvenumerousofficevisits,expensivetestingandadjustmentstofityourear.ThankstoCrystalEar,theusoundsolution”isnowconvenient.Almost90percentofpeoplewithmildhearingloss,andmillionsmorewithjustalittlehearingdropÔoff,canbedramaticallyhelpedwithCrystalEar.Moreover,itssuperiordesignisenergyÔefficient,sobatteriescanlastmonths.CrystalEarisnowavailabletohelpthesepeopletreattheirhearinglosswithasmallhearingamplifiermÜᜧᘤp.531⚪8io

10InitiallythewriterdidnotwanttobuyahearingaidbecauseA.itwouldmakehimlookoldB.ItwouldmakehimnervousC.itwastooexpensiveD.itwasoldÔstyledTὃVᫀ8A532⚪8WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCrystalEar?A.Itishighlysensitive.B.Itispowerful.C.Itisinvisible.D.Itiswireless.TὃVᫀ8C533⚪8OnespecialfeatureofCrystalEaristhatA.youcancontrolitsvolumeB.youneedn,ttakeitoffeverydayC.itissolar,poweredD.itsavespowerTὃVᫀ8D534⚪8Accordingtothepassage,hearinglossisA.onlyaminorhealthproblemB.theworld?smostcommonhealthproblemC.merelyateenagediseaseD.anincurablediseaseTὃVᫀ8B535⚪:11

11Manypeopleleavetheirhearingproblemuntreated,because.A.itisnotseriousB.CrystalEarisnotyetavailableC.itisnoteasytohaveittreatedD.theydon'twanttolookoldTὃVᫀ8CAPhoneThatKnowsYou'reBusyIt'samodemproblem:you'retoobusytobedisturbedbyincessantmÞßàuḄpphonecallssoyouturnyourcellphoneoff.Butifyoudon'tremembertoturnitbackonwhenyou'relessbusy.Youcouldmisssomeimportantcallsifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswisetointerruptyou,youwouldn'thavetoturnitoffatall.Instead,itcouldletcallsthroughwhenyouarenottoobusy.Abunchofbehaviorsensorsmáâᘤpandacleverpieceofsoftwarecoulddojustthat,byanalyzingyourbehaviortodetermineifit'sagoodtimetointerruptyou.Ifbuiltintoaphone,thesystemmaydecideyou'retoobusyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringbacklater.JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiltinymicrophones,camerasandtouchsensorsthatrevealbodylanguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudydifferentbehaviorstofindoutwhichonesstronglypredictwhetheryourmindisinterrupted.Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedonincludedwhethertheofficedoorswereleftopenorclosed,thetimeofday,ifotherpeoplewerewiththepersoninquestion,howclosetheyweretoeachother,andwhetherornotthecomputerwasinuse.Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefoursubjectswereatwork.Atrandomintervals,thesubjectsratedhowinterruptibletheywereonascalerangingfrom"highlyinterruptible”to"highlynot-interruptible/z.Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwiththevariousbehaviors.஻Itisashotgunmã/Ḅpapproach:weusedalltheindicatorswecouldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhichwereimportant,஻saysHudson.Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard,andtalkingonalandlineortosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywithhowinterruptiblethesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe.Interestingly,thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredictingwhensomeonewastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82percentofthetime,humans77percent.Fogartyspeculatesthatthismightbebecause12

12peopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowardsdeliveringtheirmessage,whereascomputersdon'tcare.ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty'ssystemislikelytobeinaninstantmessagingsystem,followedbyofficephonesandcellphones."Thereisnotechnologicalroadblockmäåptoitbeingdeployedinacoupleofyears,஻saysHudson.536⚪8Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat.A.theymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantcalls.B.theymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesquiet.C.theyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoacellphone.D.theyaretoobusytomakephonecalls.TὃVᫀ8A537⚪8Thebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaphone.A.couldhelpstoremessagesB.couldsendmessagesinstantlyC.couldtellwhenitiswisetointerruptyouD.couldidentifyimportantphonecallsTὃVᫀ8C538⚪8ScientistsatCarnegieMenonUniversitytriedtofindout.A.whyofficedoorswereoftenleftopenB.whenitwasagoodtimetoturnoffthecomputerC.whatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredwithD.whichbehaviorscouldtellwhetherapersonwasbusyTὃVᫀ8D539⚪:Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereasked.A.tocontrolthesensorsandthecameraB.toratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeinterruptedC.tocomparetheirbehaviorswithothers'13

13D.toanalyzealltheindicatorsofinterruptionTὃVᫀ8B540⚪8Thecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudybecause.A.thecomputerworkedharderB.thecomputerwasnotbusyC.peopletendedtobebiasedD.peoplewerenotgoodatstatisticsTὃVᫀ8CEffectsofEnvironmentalPollutionIfpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosolsmæçpintheatmospherewillcausetheonsetmèépofaniceageinaboutfiftyyears'time.Thisconclusion,reachedbyDr.S.I.RasoolandDr.S.H.SchneideroftheUnitedStatesGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,answerstheapparentlyconflictingquestionsofwhetheranincreaseinthecarbondioxidemêëᓄípcontentoftheatmospherewillcausetheEarthtowarmuporincreasingtheaerosolcontentwillcauseittocooldown.TheAmericanshaveshownconclusivelythattheaerosolquestionisdominant.Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospectthatenvironmentalpollutionmightleadtotheplanet'sbecomingunbearablyhotorcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid.Becauseitseemsthatevenanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheretoeighttimesitspresentvaluewillproduceanincreaseintemperatureofonly2࠷,whichwouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousandyears.Buttheotherproblemnowloomslargerthanever.Aerosolsarecollectionsofsmallliquidorsolidparticlesdispersedinairorsomeothermedium.Theparticlesareallsotinythateachiscomposedofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycanfloatintheairforaverylongtime.PerhapsthemostcommonlyexperiencedaerosolisindustrialsmogmîïpofthekindthatplaguedLondoninthe1950sandisanevengreaterprobleminLosAngelestoday.ThesecollectionsofaerosolsreflecttheSun'sheatandtherebycausetheEarthtocool.Dr.RasoolandDr.SchneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffectofadustaerosollayerjustabovetheEarth'ssurfaceinthetemperature14

14oftheplanet.Asthelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunandtheamountradiatedfromtheEarthisdisturbed.TheaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchoftheSun'slightbutalsotransmitstheinfraredmð᜜"Ḅpradiationfrombelow.So,whiletheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,thelossofheatremainshighuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalancedstate.Withinfiftyyears,ifnostepsaretakentostopthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5~Cseemsinevitable.Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyearsitwouldstartanothericeage,andbecausethegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselvesreflectmuchoftheSun'sradiationitwouldprobablycontinuetodevelopeveniftheaerosollayerweredestroyed.TheonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehopeexpressedbyDr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderthatnuclearpowermayreplacefossilfuelsintimetopreventtheaerosolcontentoftheatmospherefrombecomingcritical.541⚪8Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticleistowarnof.A.warmweatherB.hotweatherC.anewiceageD.anewicebergTὃVᫀ8C542⚪8Theword"specters"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.A.pollution.B.carbondioxideC.aerosolsD.ghostsTὃVᫀ8D543⚪:Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.A.Londonwasplaguedwithratsinthe1950sB.LondoniscoveredwithsmogtodayC.Londonwaspollutedbysmoginthe1950s15

15D.LosAngelesisasheavilypollutedtodayasLondonwasinthe1950sTὃVᫀ8C544⚪:Whatwillhappenifthedustaerosollayerdevelops?A.TheEarthwillgetextremelyhot.B.ThebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunandtheamountlostcouldhardlybemaintained.C.ThelightoftheSuncouldnolongerreachthesurfaceoftheEarth.D.InfraredradiationcouldnolongerbetransmittedfromtheEarthtoouterspace.TὃVᫀ8C545⚪:Theonlywaytostopthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,accordingDr.RasoolandDr.Schneider,istouseA.fossilfuelsB.electricpowerC.nuclearenergyD.coalpowerTὃVᫀ8c⊡ᐰô▅s☢Ḅᦻᦻᨵ5ᜐö÷ᦻ%ᨵ6øᦻù#᪷}ᦻḄᑁ⌱)5øᦻùúᐸᑖ»ÜËᦻûᨵḄüýþឮᦻ஺ᫀᙠḄ஺VirtualDriverDrivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenears,analyzingwithabrain,andcoordinationbetweenhands,feetandbrain.Amanhassharpeyesandkeenears,analyzesthroughhisbrain,andmaintainscoordination/012betweenhishandsandbrains.Hecancontrolafast-movingcarwithdifferentpartsofhisbody._46_Apparentlythereisn'tanyoneinthedriver'scab/9:;2

16ofthecarareitseyesandareresponsibleforobservingtheroadconditionsaheadofitaswellasthetraffictoitsleftandright.Ifyouopentheboot/>?@2

17GHICA48⚪:DὃᫀCEGHICA49⚪CDὃᫀCAGHICA50⚪:DὃᫀCFGHICJKL▅NO☢ḄQᦻ<ᦻRᨵ15ᜐLU

18SahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasonswhywecanseeaclearlinkwithfitness,butnotwithmuscular58Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant.஻Byanalyzingdatafortwins,theresearchershavebeen59todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthat60thelinkbetweenfitnessandahigherIQ..zWehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho61theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance,z.saysMariaAberg,researcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecase,physicaleducationisa62thathasanimportantplaceinschools,andisanabsolutemust63wewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects.஻Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstestsduringnationalservice64thesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterinlife.Thosewhowerefitat18weremore65togointohighereducation,andmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs.A51⚪CA.putB.carriedC.cutD.takenDὃᫀCBA52⚪CA.keptB.involvedC.foundD.helpedDὃᫀCBA53⚪CA.answersB.questionsC.standardsD.resultsDὃᫀCD19

19A54⚪CA.amongB.behindC.betweenD.insideDὃᫀCCA55⚪CA.imaginaryB.typicalC.positiveD.logicalDὃᫀCDA56⚪CA.gameB.placeC.roleD.trickDὃᫀCCA57⚪CA.shapeB.capacityC.diseaseD.treatmentDὃᫀCBA58⚪CA.exercise20

20B.trainingC.movementD.strengthDὃᫀCDA59⚪CA.ableB.cleverC.clearD.luckyDὃᫀCAA60⚪CA.expectB.explainC.connectD.classifyDὃᫀCBA61⚪CA.improveB.preferC.ignoreD.determineDὃᫀCAA62⚪CA.ruleB.testC.subjectD.score21

21DὃᫀCCA63⚪CA.ifB.untilC.thoughD.soDὃᫀCAA64⚪CA.withB.fromC.ofD.atDὃᫀCAA65⚪:A.likableB.unlikeC.likelyD.alikeDὃᫀCC22