大学英语四级考试试题和简易答案

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大学英语四级考试试题和简易答案PartIWriting(30minute)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinewhenbellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题OnStudentsSelectingLecturers_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minute)HighwayEarlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodate(容纳）automobiles.Withtheincreaseinautoproduction,privateturnpike(收费公路）companiesunderlocalauthoritiesbegantospringup,andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusingspecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacadam(forwhomthemacadamsurfaceisnamed),whosespecificationsstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.DuringWorldWarI,roadsthroughoutthecountrywerenearlydestroyedbytheweightoftrucks.WhenGeneralEisenhowerreturnedfromGermanyin1919,afterservingintheU.S.Army'sfirsttranscontinentalmotorconvoy(车队),henoted:"Theoldconvoyhadstartedmethinkingaboutgood,two-lane

1highways,butGermany'sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland".Itwouldtakeanotherwarbeforethefederalgovernmentwouldactonanationalhighwaysystem.DuringWorldWarII,atremendousincreaseintrucksandnewroadswererequired.Thewardemonstratedhowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffort:thirteenpercentofdefenseplantsreceivedalltheirsuppliesbytruck,andalmostallotherplantsshippedmorethanhalfoftheirproductsbyvehicle.Thewaralsorevealedthatlocalcontrolofhighwayshadledtoaconfusingvarietyofdesignstandards.Evenfederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicstandards.Somestatesallowedtrucksupto36,000pounds,whileothersrestrictedanythingover7,000pounds.Agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andcongresspassedtheFederal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrictcontract-controlleddesigncriteria.Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicprojectsofthecentury.Tobuildits44,000milewebofhighways,bridges,andtunnels,hundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desertsandplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,andtheabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload.Innovativedesignsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayedbridgessuchasHaleBoggsinLouisianaandtheSunshineSkywayinFlorida,andremarkabletunnelslikeFortMCHenryinMarylandandMr.BakerinWashingtondevelopedunderthenation'sphysicalchallenges.Trafficcontrolsystemsandmethodsofconstructiondevelopedundertheinterstateprogramsooninfluencedhighwayconstructionaroundtheworld,andwereinvaluableinimprovingtheconditionofurbanstreetsandtrafficpatterns.Today,theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S.andtheU.S.withCanadaandMexico.Builtwithsafetyinmindthehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmedians,orbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,curvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess.ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads).ByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidedpeoplewithgreateroptionsintermsofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheyenrichmost:personalfreedomofmobility.Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation'seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation'sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck.Andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneybyvehicle.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcentres.Ithasallowedtherelocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles,thehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:"Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebearUnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanyseparateparts."1.Nationalstandardsforpavedroadswereinplaceby1921.2.GeneralEisenhowerfeltthatthebroadGermanmotorwaysmademoresensethanthetwo-LanehighwaysofAmerica.3.Itwasinthe1950sthattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.4.Manyoftheproblemspresentedbythecountry'sgeographicalfeaturesfoundsolutionsininnovativeengineeringprojects.5.Inspiteofsafetyconsiderations,thedeathrateoninterstatehighwaysisstillhigherthanthatofotherAmerican

2roads.6.TheinterstatehighwaysystemprovidesaccessbetweenmajormilitaryinstallationsinAmerica.7.Servicestations,motelsandrestaurantspromotedthedevelopmentoftheinter-statehighwaysystem.8.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwas______________________________________.9.Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan______________________________________________.10.TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognition___________________________________.PartⅢListeningComprehensionsectionA11.A)Thegirlsgotonwellwitheachother.B)It'sunderstandablethatgirlsdon'tgetalong.C)Shewasangrywiththeotheryoungstars.D)Thegirlslackedthecouragetofight.12.A)Thewomandoesherownhousework.B)Thewomanneedsahousekeeper.C)Thewoman'shouseisinamess.D)Thewomanworksasahousekeeper.13.A)TheEdwardsarequitewell-off.B)TheEdwardsshouldcutdownontheirlivingexpenses.C)It'llbeunwisefortheEdwardstobuyanotherhouse.D)It'stooexpensivefortheEdwardstoliveintheirpresenthouse.14.A)Thewomandidn'texceptittobesowarmatnoon.B)Thewomanissensitivetoweatherchanges.C)TheweatherforecastwasunreliableD)Theweatherturnedcoldallofasudden.15.A)Ataclinic.B)Atarestaurant.C)Inasupermarket.D)Inanicecreamshop.16.A)ThewomandidnotfeelanydangergrowingupintheBronx.B)ThemanthinksitwasquitesafelivingintheBronxdistrict.C)Thewomanstartedworkingatanearlyagetosupportherfamily.D)Themandoesn'tthinkitsafetosendan8-year-oldtobuythings.17.A)Themanhasneverseenthewomanbefore.B)Thetwospeakersworkforthesamecompany.C)Thetwospeakersworkinthesamefloor.D)Thewomanisinterestedinmarketresearch.18.A)Thewomancan'ttolerateanynoise.B)Themanislookingfoeanapartment.C)Themanhasmissedhisappointment.D)thewomanisgoingtotakeatraintrip.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Tomakeabusinessreporttothewoman.B)Tobeinterviewedforajobinthewoman'scompanyC)Toresignfromhispositioninthewoman'scompany.D)Toexchangestockmarketinformationwiththewoman.20.A)Heisheadofasmallteaingcompany.B)Heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C)Heleadssteamofbrokersinabigcompany.D)Heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.21.A)ThewomanthinksMr.Saundersisaskingformorethantheycanoffer.B)Mr.Saunderswillshareonethirdofthewoman'sresponsibilities.C)Mr.Saundersbelievesthathedeservesmorepaidvacations.D)ThewomanseemstobesatisfiedwithMr.Saunders'pastexperience.22.A)She'sworriedabouttheseminar.B)Themankeepsinterruptingher.C)Shefindsittoohard.D)Shelacksinterestinit.23.A)Thelecturersareboring.B)Thecourseispoorlydesigned.C)SheprefersPhilosophytoEnglish.D)Sheenjoysliteraturemore.24.A)Karen'sfriend.B)Karen'sparents.C)Karen'slecturers.D)Karen'sherself.25.A)Changinghermajor.B)Spendinglessofherparents'money.C)GettingtransferredtotheEnglishDepartment.D)Leavingtheuniversity.SectionBPassageOneQuestion26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

326.A)Rentagrave.B)Burnthebody.C)Burythedeadnearachurch.D)buyapieceoflandforagrave.27.A)Tosolvetheproblemoflackofland.B)Toseewhethertheyhavedecayed.C)TofollowtheGreekreligiouspractice.D)Tomovethemtoamulti-storeygraveyard28.A)Theyshouldbeburiedlyingdown.B)Theyshouldbeburiedstandingup.C)Theyshouldbeburiedafterbeingwashed.D)Theyshouldbeburiedwhenpartiallydecayed.29.A)Burningdeadbodiestoashes.B)Storingdeadbodiesinaremoteplace.C)Placingdeadbodiesinaboneroom.D)Diggingupdeadbodiesafterthreeyears.PassageTwoQuestion30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)ManyforeigntouristvisittheUniteStateseveryyearB)Americansenjoyeatingoutwiththeirfriends.C)TheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants.D)Americanspreferforeignfoodstotheirownfood.31.A)Theycanmakefriendswithpeoplefromothercountries.B)Theycangettoknowpeopleofotherculturesandtheirlifestyles.C)Theycanpractisespeakingforeignlanguagesthere.D)Theycanmeetwithbusinessmenfromallovertheworld.32.A)Thecouplecookthedishesandthechildrenhelpthem.B)Thehusbanddoesthecookingandthewifeservesastheaddress.C)Themotherdoesthecookingwhilethefatherandchildrenwithontheguests.D)Ahiredcookpreparesthedishesandthefamilymembersservetheguests.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Hetookthemtowatchabasketballgame.B)HetrainedthemtoplayEuropeanfootball.C)Heletthemcompeteingettingballsoutofabasket.D)Hetaughtthemtoplayanexcitingnewgame.34.A)Theplayersfoundthebaskettoohightoteach.D)Theplayerssoonfoundthegameboring.B)Theplayershadtroublegettingtheballoutofthebasket.C)Theplayershaddifficultyunderstandingthecomplexrules.35.A)Byremovingthebottomofthebasket.B)Byloweringthepositionofthebasket.C)Bysimplifyingthecomplexrules.D)ByalteringthesizeOfthebasket.SectionCpartIIIReadingComprehensionforAmericantimeismoney.Theysay,"youonlygetsomuchtimeinthislife;you'dbetteruseitwisely."The(36)____________withoutbebetterthanthepastorpresent.AsAmericanare(37)_____________toseethings,unlesspeopleusetheirtimeforconstructiveactivities,ThusAmerican(38)___________a"well-organized"personispunctualandis(40)__________ofotherpeople'stime.Theydonot(41)___________people'stimewithconversationorotheractivitythathasno(42)____________beneficialoutcome.TheAmericanattitudetowardtimeisnot(43)__________sharedbytheir,especiallynon-Europeans.Theyaremorelikelytoregardtimeas(44)______________________________________________________________________.Oneofthemoredifficultthingsmanystudentsmustadjusttointhestatesisthenotionthattimemustbesavedwheneverpossibleandusedwiselyeveryday.Inthecontest(45)___________________________________________________________________.McDonald's,KFC,andeatingmeals.AsMcDonald'srestaurants(46)_______________________________________________,bringingnotjusthamburgersbutanemphasisonspeed,efficiency,andshinycleanliness.PartIVreadingcomprehension(readingindepth)

4SectionAQuestion47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EINinoisnamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange_________happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthePacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信风)，whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin____,theoceantemperaturesrisecausingthePerucurrentflowinginformtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5`C.Thewarmingoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevere_____thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerican_______floodstoPeru.IntheWestpacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand________.EINinousuallylastsforabout18monthsThe1982-83EINinobroughthemost_______weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds_______ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists_______thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill_______,buttheyarestillnot_____surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.A)estimateD)notifyG)stableJ)destructiveM)exhaustionB)strengthE)tropicalH)attractionK)starvationN)worthC)deliberatelyF)phenomenonI)completelyL)bringingO)strikeSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61aredbasedonthefollowingpassage.Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded-andcancomebacktohaunt(困扰)you.Appearstobethekeytothefinding.JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,MewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationfoeeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachment(非直接接触）ofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpractisedatthatformofcommunication.ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtimeinainstantmessageorphonecallsay-thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefondmanyliesarespontaneous(脱口而出的)responsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:"Doyoulikemydress?"Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkourthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumfoesaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenhisresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.57.Hancock'sstudyfocuseson____________.A)theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmedia.B)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas.C)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages.D)people'shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia.

558.Hancock'sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat________________.A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages.B)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions.C)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunicationD)Peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations.59.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia.D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication60.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause____________.A)Salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers.B)Salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate.C)Salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy.D)Salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively.61.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____________.A)HonestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsB)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployeesC)suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesD)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworkandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing.OnDecember.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged"OperationSafeTravel"-raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification(身份证明).InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerican.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworker'sillegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmail(讹诈)byterroristsManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent."We'resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit'sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou'redisposableTherearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,"Andersonsaid.IfSept.11hadneverhappenedtheairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,amanagerataBen&Jerry'sicecreamshopattheairport.hadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation(驱逐出境)。Castro'scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry's.62.Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation____________.A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvaluesB)encouragingindividualpursuitsC)sharingcommoninterestsD)foundedonsharedideals63.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout"OperationSafeTravel"?A)GuiltyB)OffendedC)DisappointedD)Discouraged64.Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof"OperationSafeTravel"because__________.A)evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterroristsB)mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterroristsC)terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatusD)theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport.65.Bysaying"...we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatpurlawsare"(Line2,Para.4),MayorAidersonmeans"________________".A)wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatusB)wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentwayC)thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelawD)theexistinglawsmustnotbe

6ignored66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?A)shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.B)Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.C)HercasehasbeendroppedD)Herfateremainsuncertain.PartVCloze(15minutes)Doyouwakerupeverydayfeelingtootired,orevenupset?ifso.thenanewalarmclockcouldbejustforyou.Theclock,calledSleepSmart,measuresyoursleepcycle,andwaits___67___youtobeinyourlightestphaseofsleep____68___rousingyou.Itsmakerssaythatshould____69____youwakeupfeelingrefreshedeverymorning.Asyousleepyoupass___70___asequenceofsleepstates-lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-that____71___approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan___72____howyoufeellater,andmay____73____haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept,Beingrousedduringalightphase____74____youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.SleepSmart____75____thedistinctpatternofbrainwaves____76____duringeachphaseofsleep,viaaheadbandequipped____77____electrodes(电极)andamicroprocessor.Thismeasurestheelectricalactivityoftheweather'sbrain,inmuchthe____78____wayassomemachinesusedformedicalandresearch____79____,andcommunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.You____80____theclockwiththelatesttimeat____81____youwanttobewakened,andit____82____duly(适时地)wakesyouduringthelastlightsleepphasebeforethat.The____83____wasinventedbyagroupofstudentsatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland____84____afriendcomplainedofwakinguptiredandperformingpoorlyonatest."____85____sleepdeprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingof____86____todoaboutit,"saysEricShashoua,arecentcollegegraduateandnowchiefexecutiveofficerofAxonSleepResearchLaboratories,acompanycreatedbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea.67.A)besideB)nearC)forD)around68.A)uponB)beforeC)towardsD)till69.A)ensureB)assureC)requireD)request70.A)throughB)intoC)aboutD)on71.A)revealsB)reversesC)resumesD)repeats72.A)effectB)affectC)reflectD)perfect73.A)alreadyB)everyC)neverD)even74.A)meansB)marksC)saysD)dictates75.A)removesB)relievesC)recordsD)recalls76.A)proceededB)producedC)pronouncedD)progressed77.A)byB)ofC)withD)over78.A)familiarB)similarC)identicalD)same79.A)findingsB)prospectsC)proposalsD)proposes80.A)promptB)programC)plugD)plan81.A)whereB)thisC)whichD)that82.A)thenB)alsoC)almostD)yet83.A)claimB)conclusionC)conceptD)explanation84.A)onceB)afterC)sinceD)while85.A)BesidesB)DespiteC)ToD)As86.A)whatB)howC)whetherD)whenPartVITranslation87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble_________________________(找到去历史博物馆的路).88.___________________________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.89.Theprofessorrequiredthat_______________________________________(我们交研究报告)。90.Themoreyouexplain,_________________________________________(我愈糊涂).91.Thoughaskilledworker,___________________________________(他被公司解雇了).

72006年12月全国大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会3.我的看法OntheSpringFestivalGala__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted,”peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou’reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It’semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosay,lifesometimesseems

8designedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.Evenasachild,Iobservedpeoplewhowerepoor,ordisabled,orill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbody,wrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbedtowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan’tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat’snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It’slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon’tnoticeitatfirst,buteventuallyyou’llgetaflat.It’suptoyoutoplugtheleak—eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That’swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline—agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here’sachallenge:Ifit’ssomethingyouwouldn’tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou’venevereaten.Listentomusicyou’dordinarilytuneout.You’lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife’smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstale.Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking.“ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething,”shesays.“ButIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife.”Ivy’ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients.“Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithalittletenderlovingcare,”shesays.“It’sachallenge-andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun.”Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone’spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan’tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou’vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish—ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan’tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon’tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback.Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter,youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougetitbygivingit.

9Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?”asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon’tsmileatthepersonyoulovefirstthinginthemorning,you’resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson—andmakethehelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(按摩)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner.Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou’ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit’struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat’scirculatingaroundyouisthegoodstuff?1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto___________________________________.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making,oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout____________________________.10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,____________________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Planhisbudgetcarefully.B)Givehermoreinformation.C)Asksomeoneelseforadvice.D)Buyagiftforhisgirlfriend.12.A)She’llhavesomechocolatecake.B)She’lltakealookatthemenu.C)She’llgowithoutdessert.D)She’llpreparethedinner.13.A)Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B)ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C)Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D)Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.14.A)Gotothelibrary.B)Meetthewoman.C)SeeProfessorSmith.D)Haveadrinkinthebar.15.A)Sheisn’tsurewhenProfessorBloomwillbeback.B)Themanshouldn’tbelateforhisclass.C)Themancancomebacksometimelater.D)Shecanpassonthemessagefortheman.16.A)Hehasastrangepersonality.B)He’sgotemotionalproblems.C)Hisillnessisbeyondcure.D)Hisbehaviorishardtoexplain.17.A)Theticketsaremoreexpensivethanexpected.B)Theticketsaresoldinadvanceathalfprice.C)It’sdifficulttobuytheticketsonthespot.D)It’sbettertobuytheticketsbeforehand.18.A)Heturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree.B)Hewashitbyafallenboxfromatruck.C)Hedrovetoofastandcrashedintoatruck.D)Hewastryingtoovertakethetruckaheadofhim.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiver.B)TogosightseeinginQuebecProvince.C)TocallonafriendinQuebecCity.D)ToattendaweddinginMontreal.20.A)StudythemapofQuebecProvince.B)FindmoreaboutQuebecProvince.C)BrushuponherFrench.D)Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms.21.A)It’smostbeautifulinsummer.B)Ithasmanyhistoricalbuildings.C)Itwasgreatlyexpandedinthe18thcentury.D)It’stheonlyFrench-speakingcityinCanada.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itwasaboutalittleanimal.B)Ittookhersixyearstowrite.C)Itwasadaptedfromafairytale.D)Itwasaboutalittlegirlandherpet.23.A)Sheknowshowtowritebest-sellingnovels.B)Shecanearnalotofmoneybywritingforadults.C)Sheisabletowinenoughsupportfrompublishers.D)Shecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes.24.A)Thecharacters.B)Thereaders.C)Herideas.D)Herlife

10experiences.25.A)Shedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginated.B)Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C)Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D)Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.SectionBPassageOne26.A)Monitorstudents’sleeppatterns.B)Helpstudentsconcentrateinclass.C)Recordstudents’weeklyperformance.D)Askstudentstocompleteasleepreport.27.A)Declininghealth.B)Lackofattention.C)Lossofmotivation.D)Improperbehavior.28.A)Theyshouldmakesuretheirchildrenarealwayspunctualforschool.B)Theyshouldensuretheirchildrengrowupinahealthyenvironment.C)Theyshouldhelptheirchildrenaccomplishhigh-qualitywork.D)Theyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Shestoppedbeingahomemaker.B)Shebecameafamouseducator.C)Shebecameapublicfigure.D)Shequitdrivingaltogether.30.A)Amotorist’sspeeding.B)Herrunningastopsign.C)Herlackofdrivingexperience.D)Amotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate.31.A)Nervousandunsureofherself.B)Calmandconfidentofherself.C)Courageousandforceful.D)Distractedandreluctant.32.A)Morestricttrainingofwomendrivers.B)Restrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving.C)Improvedtrafficconditionsincities.D)Newregulationstoensurechildren’ssafety.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Theyhaven’tdevotedasmuchenergytomedicineastospacetravel.B)Threearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.C)Itisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachtypeofcold.D)Theybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.34.A)Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.B)Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.C)Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.D)Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.35.A)Itactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.B)Itcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbody.C)Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.D)Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.SectionCYouprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisvery(36)_______________.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsof(37)_____________:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisno(38)______________.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouusea(39)__________________level.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,(40)_______________booksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsand(41)______________thatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwith(42)___________,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewrite(43)_____________notesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.(44)__________________________________________________.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please,”(45)_______________________________________________________.Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.(46)_____________________._______________________________________Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriendImightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer!”ButifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer.”PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)

11SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone_________bywomen—rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing___________work—stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a________thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime”andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage________betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen_________givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow_______abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers_________womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare_____________customers.It’sinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto______________payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars—theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale-oriented.Perhapsitwasthe________contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers.A)scaleD)extremeG)situationJ)gapM)insultedB)retailedE)technicallyH)reallyK)voluntaryN)purchaseC)generateF)affordableI)potentialL)excessiveO)primarilySectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?A)Itisakindoficedwater.B)Itisjustplaintapwater.C)Itisakindofbottledwater.D)Itisakindofmineralwater.58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenberger

12wantstoconveythemessagethat________.A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine.B)Itisconsideredhealthier.C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsD)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfitD)preventionismoredifficultthancure64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________.A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC)isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD)isfreefromanykindofdisease65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________.A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealthD)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C)Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheir

13limitations.D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.PartVCloze(15minutes)Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely__67__fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,__68__itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan__69__.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers__70__othermembersofthehive(蜂群).Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything,__71__thingslikeunicorn(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.Thekey__72__inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe__73__togetherindifferentways,accordingto__74__,tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing__75__humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,__76__abouttheuniverse,themind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink.Itisanimmenselycomplex__77__thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost__78__ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto__79__.Thespeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto__80__language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe__81__ofspeechisextremelyfast,only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto__82__outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto__83__thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof__84__ofthewords(sentences),andfinally__85__themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But__86__started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.67.A)apartB)offC)upD)down68.A)soB)butC)orD)for69.A)transferB)transmitC)conveyD)communicate70.A)toB)fromC)overD)on71.A)onlyB)almostC)evenD)just72.A)staysB)situatesC)hidesD)lies73.A)stuckB)strungC)rungD)consisted74.A)rulesB)scalesC)lawsD)standards75.A)combinesB)containsC)definesD)declares76.A)whatB)whetherC)whileD)if77.A)prospectB)progressC)processD)produce78.A)aspectsB)abstractsC)anglesD)assumptions79.A)anybodyB)anotherC)otherD)everybody80.A)bodyB)gestureC)writtenD)spoken81.A)growingB)fixingC)beginningD)building82.A)putB)takeC)drawD)figure83.A)identifyB)locateC)revealD)discover84.A)performanceB)organizationC)designD)layout85.A)prescribeB)justifyC)utterD)interpret86.A)sinceB)afterC)onceD)untilPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto______________________________________(适应不同文化中的生活).88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat____________________________________________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89.Thevictim_______________________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople___________________________________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise___________________________________(以每年1200万人的速度).

142007年6月全国大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。书写提纲：1.表达你的欢迎；2.对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。Welcometoourclub________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnlineIdentitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.Identitytheftis“anabsoluteepidemic,”statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.“It’scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It’sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere’sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan’tdetectituntilit’sprobablytoolate.”Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephone

15callingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandcommittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims’names.Inmanycases,avictim’slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthecommunityandcorrectingerroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudcommittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline?Thekeytoasuccessfulonlinejobsearchislearningtomanagertherisks.HerearesometipsforstayingsafewhileconductingajobsearchontheInternet.1.Checkforaprivacypolicy.Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerBuilder.com.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors(推销员).Whenreviewingthesite’sprivacypolicy,you’llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon’tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,thelongeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.CareerBuilder.com,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthemostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.Thesecondisanonymous(匿名的)posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBuilder.comwithoutretypingtheirinformation.3.Safeguardyouridentity.CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric(泛指的)identifier,suchas“IntranetDeveloperCandidate,”or“ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.”Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourcompanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthecompanysuchas“Majorautomanufacturer,”or“Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.”Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyforyouronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon’tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyouwillreceiveunwelcomeemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn’tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2004@provider.com.5.Protectyourreference.Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There’snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.

166.Keepconfidential(机密的)informationconfidential.Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver’slicense,andbankaccountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don’tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don’tfallforit.1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims’immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBuilder.cominSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving_____________________.9.Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________________________________.10.Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftiscommittedtypicallyfor_________________________________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Itcouldhelppeopleofallagestoavoidcancer.B)Itwasmainlymeantforcancerpatients.C)Itmightappealmoretoviewersover40.D)Itwasfrequentlyinterruptedbycommercials.12.A)Themanisfondoftraveling.B)Thewomanisaphotographer.C)Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.D)Themanadmiresthewoman’stalentinwriting.13.A)Themanregretsbeingabsent-minded.B)Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.C)Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.D)Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.14.A)HequitteachinginJune.B)Hehasleftthearmyrecently.C)Heopenedarestaurantneartheschool.D)Hehastakenoverhisbrother’sbusiness.15.A)Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.B)Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.C)Shereadonlypartofthebook.D)Shewaseagertoknowwhatthebookwasabout.16.A)Shewasabsentallweekowingtosickness.B)Shewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.C)Shecalledtosaythatherhusbandhadbeenhospitalized.D)Shehadtobeawayfromschooltoattendtoherhusband.17.A)ThespeakerswanttorenttheSmiths’oldhouse.B)ThemanlivestwoblocksawayfromtheSmiths.C)Thewomanisnotsureifsheisontherightstreet.D)TheSmiths’newhouseisnotfarfromtheiroldone18.A)Themanhadahardtimefindingaparkingspace.B)Thewomanfoundtheyhadgottothewrongspot.C)Thewomanwasoffendedbytheman’slatearrival.D)Themancouldn’tfindhiscarintheparkinglot.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.B)Thehotelclerkinsistedthathedidn’tmakeanyreservation.C)Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.D)Thehotelclerkcouldn’tfindhisreservationforthatnight.20.A)Agrandweddingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B)Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.C)Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D)Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers.21.A)Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B)Ithada15%discountonweekdays.C)Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.D)Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.22.A)Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B)Askforanadditionaldiscount.C)Complaintothehotelmanager.D)Findacheaperroominanother

17hotel.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.B)AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.C)HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.D)SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.24.A)Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.B)AboutfifteenpercentarefromAfrica.C)AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.D)AsmallnumberarefromtheFarEast.25.A)Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B)Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C)ShewillbemoreinvolvedIpolicy-making.D)Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Herparentsthrivedintheurbanenvironment.B)HerparentsleftChicagotoworkonafarm.C)HerparentsimmigratedtoAmerica.D)Herparentssetupanice-creamstore.27.A)HetaughtEnglishinChicago.B)Hewascrippledinacaraccident.C)Heworkedtobecomeanexecutive.D)Hewasbornwithalimp.28.A)Shewasfondoflivinganisolatedlife.B)ShewasfascinatedbyAmericanculture.C)Shewasverygenerousinofferinghelp.D)Shewashighlydevotedtoherfamily.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Hesufferedanervousbreakdown.B)Hewaswronglydiagnosed.C)Hewasseriouslyinjured.D)Hedevelopedastrangedisease.30.A)Hewasabletotalkagain.B)Heracedtothenursinghome.C)Hecouldtellredandblueapart.D)Hecouldnotrecognizehiswife.31.A)Twenty-ninedays.B)Twoandahalfmonths.C)Severalminutes.D)Fourteenhours.32.A)Theywelcomedthepublicityinthemedia.B)Theavoidedappearingontelevision.C)Theyreleasedavideoofhisprogress.D)Theydeclinedtogivedetailsofhiscondition.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Forpeopletoshareideasandshowfarmproducts.B)Forofficialstoeducatethefarmingcommunity.C)Forfarmerstoexchangetheirdailynecessities.D)Forfarmerstocelebratetheirharvests.34.A)Bybringingananimalrarelyseenonnearbyfarms.B)Bybringingabagofgraininexchangeforaticket.C)Byofferingtodovolunteerworkatthefair.D)Byperformingaspecialskillattheentrance.35.A)TheycontributetothemodernizationofAmericanfarms.B)Theyhelptoincreasethestategovernments’revenue.C)Theyprovideastageforpeopletogiveperformances.D)TheyremindAmericansoftheimportanceofagriculture.SectionCStudents’pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsarewell(36)________,butsomeofthemaren’tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(37)________tocollege,andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren’sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennot(38)________ofthekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon’trealizethatthe(39)________iskeener,thattherequired(40)________ofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.(41)________toseeingA’sandB’sonhighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren’sfirst(42)________collegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymaygently(43)________whyJohnorMaryisn’tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistryingashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.(44)_______________________________________________________________________.Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselvesand(45)_________________________._____________________________________Intheirinvolvementandidentificationwiththeirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferentandthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,(46)___________________________________________________________________.

18PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients________ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain____.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein_________aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt(扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat________frommissedworktodepression.That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho______inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial_________relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften_________theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists(心理医生)andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.Thismodern____________forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya_________numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__________sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.A)resultD)rangeG)seriouslyJ)limitedM)respectB)involvesE)relievedH)magnificentK)gravelyN)promptingC)significantF)issuesI)determiningL)complainedO)specializeSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD)onecannotusethematthesame

19time58.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A)puttingtheirideasinrawformB)attemptingtoeditastheywriteC)ignoringgrammaticalsoundnessD)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts59.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic.C)Togetone’sideasdown.D)Tocollectrawmaterials.60.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________.A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly61.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.PassageTwoIdon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain?A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.A)theveryfactthatsheisawomanB)herinvolvementingenderpoliticsC)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicistD)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethan

20before.66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.PartVCloze(15minutes)AnearthquakehitKashmironOct.8,2005.ittooksome75,000lives,__67__130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfood,jobsorhomes.__68__overnight,scoresoftentvillagesbloomed__69__theregion,tendedbyinternationalaidorganizations,military__70__andaidgroupsworkingdayandnighttoshelterthesurvivorsbeforewinterset__71__.Mercifully,theseasonwasmild.Butwiththe__72__ofspringtherefugeeswillbemovedagain.Campsthat__73__healthcare,foodandshelterfor150,000survivorshavebeguntocloseastheywere__74__intendedtobepermanent.Formostoftherefugees,thethoughtofgoingbackbrings__75__emotions.Thepastsixmonthshavebeendifficult.Familiesof__76__manyas10peoplehavehadtoshelter__77__asingletentandsharecookstovesandbathing__78__withneighbors.“Theyarelookingforwardtothecleanwateroftheirrivers,”officialssay.“Theyare__79__offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstart__80__again.”Butmostwillbereturningto__81__butheapsofruins.Inmanyvillages,electrical__82__havenotbeenrepaired,norhaveroads.Aidworkers__83__thatitwilltakeyearstorebuildwhattheearthquaketook__84__.Andforthethousandsofsurvivors,the__85__willneverbecomplete.Yetthesurvivorshavetostartsomewhere.Newhomescanbebuilt__86__thestones,bricksandbeamsofoldones.Springiscominganditisagoodtimetostartagain.67.A)injuredB)ruinedC)destroyedD)damaged68.A)AltogetherB)AlmostC)ScarcelyD)Surely69.A)amongB)aboveC)amidD)across70.A)ranksB)equipmentC)personnelD)installations71.A)outB)inC)onD)forth72.A)fallingB)emergenceC)arrivalD)appearing73.A)strengthenedB)aidedC)transferredD)provided74.A)neverB)onceC)everD)yet75.A)puzzledB)contrastedC)doubledD)mixed76.A)likeB)asC)soD)too77.A)byB)belowC)underD)with78.A)facilitiesB)instrumentsC)implementsD)appliances79.A)seekingB)dreamingC)longingD)searching80.A)producingB)cultivatingC)farmingD)nourishing81.A)anythingB)somethingC)everythingD)nothing82.A)linesB)channelsC)pathsD)currents83.A)asideB)awayC)upD)evaluate84.A)asideB)awayC)upD)out85.A)reservationB)retreatC)replacementD)recovery86.A)fromB)throughC)uponD)ontoPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto______________________________________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________________________(我们可以合作的领域).89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete_____________________________________(决定退出比赛).90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please___________________________(按以下地址和我们联系).91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning______________________________________(如果你方便的话).

212007年12月全国大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课；2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课；3.以你自己为例……WhatElectivestoChoose　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　UniversitiesBranchOut　　Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.　　Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemore

22self-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcourseofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.　　Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.　　Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinthesummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.　　Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.　　Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.　　Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.　　Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago,inthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandthebusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandreversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.　　MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,

23butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.　1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome________.A)morepopularizedthaneverbeforeB)in-servicetrainingorganizationsC)apowerfulforceforglobalintegrationD)moreandmoreresearch-oriented2.Overthepastdecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased________.A)atanannualrateof8percentB)atanannualrateof3.9percentC)by800,000D)by2.5million3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A)38%B)10%C)30%D)20%4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.B)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.C)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.D)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis________.A)Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworldB)Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsC)Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsD)Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch.6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.B)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.C)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.D)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A)Ithasincreasedby3percent.B)Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.C)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.D)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby_______.9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill__________.10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand_______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.B)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.C)Shewaspopularamongboys.D)Shewassomewhatoverweight.12.A)Attheairport.B)Atthehotelreception.C)Inarestaurant.D)Inabookingoffice.13.A)Havingconfidenceinherson.B)Tellinghersonnottoworry.C)Teachinghersonbyherself.D)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.14.A)Haveashortbreak.B)Taketwoweeksoff.C)Goonvacationwiththeman.D)Continueherworkoutdoors.15.A)Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.B)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.C)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.D)Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.16.A)SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.

24B)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.　C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.　D)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.17.A)Thewomanforgotleadingthebooktotheman.B)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.　C)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.　D)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.B)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.　C)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.B)Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.C)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.D)shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.20.A)Itwillcostheralot.B)Itwilllastoneweek.　C)Itendsinwinter.D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Thereisalotofstufftopack.B)Theremightbeatrafficjam.　C)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.D)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.22.A)Athome.B)Intheman’scar.C)Bythesideofataxi.D)Attheairport.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.　C)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Languageinstructor.B)Environmentalengineer.C)Translator.D)Travelagent.25.A)Devotionandworkefficiency.B)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.　C)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.D)Educationandexperience.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.B)Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.　C)Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.D)Theycarealotaboutchildren.27.A)Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.　B)Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.C)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.　D)Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.28.A)Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.　B)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.　C)Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.　D)Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.29.A)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.B)Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.　C)Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.　D)Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.　C)Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.D)Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.31.A)Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.　B)ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.　C)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.　D)Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.32.A)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.

25　B)Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.　C)AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.　D)KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.B)It’llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.　C)It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.D)It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.34.A)Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.　B)Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.　C)Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.　D)Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.35.A)Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.　B)Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.　C)Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.D)Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.SectionCMoreandmoreoftheworld’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(36)____________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries(37)___________twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.The(38)____________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery(39)___________signsoftroubleinthe(40)_____________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe(41)________ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe(42)____________workinginfactories.Now,however,the(43)___________isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrialisedworld:(44)__________________________________________________________________.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;(45)__________________________________________________________.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.(46)_______________________________________________________________________________,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Aswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation____.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe____ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.groupsofchildren____aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsandpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownasTheSchoolsofPeace.　　Theclassroom____opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith____,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep____towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare____usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand____onstartingaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe____ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisa

26praiseworthyventureforaclassandonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsandideallyaffectthecultureofthe____school.A)victimsD)respectivelyG)informationJ)especiallyM)comprehensiveB)technologyE)projectsH)imagesK)entireN)assumingC)roleF)offersI)forwardL)cooperativeO)actingSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.　　AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressureoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.　　Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”　　Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.　　Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter’sexperience.　　Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.B)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.C)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.D)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.58.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.B)MostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishersC)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.D)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustration59.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?A)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.B)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.C)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.D)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.60.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause________.A)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriterB)shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewritingC)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuchD)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance61.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?A)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions.

27B)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.C)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.D)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.PassageTwo　　Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloseto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.　　Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignment,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.　　Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutrateforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.　　Clearly,fromtheschools’perspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoreschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere’sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.62.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.B)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.C)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.63.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby________.A)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionB)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsC)thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsD)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors64.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan________.A)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesB)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesC)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwhereverD)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffort65.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.B)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.C)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.66.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof________.A)buildinguptheirreputationB)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesC)providingconvenienceforstudentsD)cuttingdownontheirexpensesPartVCloze(15minutes)

28　　Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined__67__atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied__68__anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe__69__fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,__70__tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.__71__onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin__72__thesamewayascanourreactionstothe__73__ofourfriends—whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattrendstoinfluenceuspositively,__74__whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea__75__impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera__76__moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection__77__withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee__78__inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa__79__mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.__80__,moodstatesappearcapableof__81__aconsumer’smemory.　　Moodsappeartobe__82__influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and__83__ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe__84__oftimespentinsupermarketsor__85__topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in__86__,arecapableofinfluencingconsumer’reactionstoproducts.67.A)withB)aboutC)asD)by68.A)upB)toC)underD)over69.A)dividedB)derivedC)descendedD)distinguished70.A)referredB)relatedC)attachedD)associated71.A)InB)OnC)ByD)Of72.A)thusB)stillC)muchD)even73.A)behaviorB)gestureC)signalD)view74.A)forB)providedC)unlessD)but75.A)relativeB)negativeC)sensitiveD)decisive76.A)fixedB)grantedC)givenD)driven77.A)insistentB)resistantC)persistentD)consistent78.A)retailersB)consumersC)businessmenD)manufacturers79.A)casualB)seriousC)favorableD)critical80.A)MoreoverB)HoweverC)NeverthelessD)Otherwise81.A)liftingB)raisingC)cultivatingD)enhancing82.A)rarelyB)readilyC)currentlyD)cautiously83.A)volumeB)speedC)stepD)band84.A)extentB)scopeC)amountD)range85.A)capacitiesB)facilitiesC)intentionsD)reflections86.A)turnB)depthC)totalD)detailPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.________________________________(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctorsandtreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat____________________________________(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,_____________________________________(无论我要付出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause____________________________(它更加方便和省时).91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_________________________________________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.2008年6月全国大学英语四级考试试题

29PartIWriting(30minutes)1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。RecreationalActivities_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)MediaSelectionforAdvertisementsAfterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusonattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home,Internet,anddirectmail.TelevisionTelevisioninanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeof

30communication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.Television’sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.theGolfChannel,forinstance,iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishadalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.NewspapersAftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualasrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually.Ithasincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryin168cities.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger,moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthroughtelevision.Givennewproductiontechniques,advertisementscanbeprintedinabout48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemessageout.Newspapersareoftenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreaders.RadioAdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrow.Radioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andtheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepeattheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturningtoradioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthelocalstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.MagazinesNewsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket.Magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous.IfyoureadSportsIllustrated,forexample,youhavesuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.Advertisersusingtheprintmedia—magazinesandnewspapers—willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theInternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers.Theseaudienceswillbemorediverseandgeographicallydispersed(分散)thaninthepast.Second,advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.Out-of-homeadvertisingOut-of-homeadvertising,alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective.Technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.Usingthedigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausetheycanchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.InternetAsconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarket.AsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogettheword

31outtoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations’advertisinginthenearfuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheinlinemediumaswell.DirectmailAfinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient’smessage.Directmailincludesnewsletters,postcards,andspecialpromotion.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses,directmailisthemosteffectiveformofadvertising.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat________.A)ithaslargeaudiencesB)itappealstohousewivesC)ithelpsbuildupacompany’sreputationD)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels,________.A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreasedB)thenumberofTVviewershasincreasedC)advertisers’interestinothermediahasdecreasedD)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.Comparewithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_______.A)earnalargerannualadrevenueB)conveymoredetailedmessagesC)usemoreproductiontechniquesD)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively4.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause_______.A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetupB)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumersD)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio5.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto_______.A)reachtargetaudiencesB)appealtoeducatedpeopleC)attractdiverseaudiencesD)conveyallkindsofmessages6.Out-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______.A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohoursB)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbeforeC)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractiveD)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays7.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare________.A)quicktoupdateB)pleasanttolookatC)easytorememberD)convenienttoaccess8.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe____________________.9.Directmailisaneffectiveformofadvertisingforbusinesstodevelop________________________.10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________________________foradvertisements.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Givenhisankleagoodrest.B)Treathisinjuryimmediately.C)Continuehisregularactivities.D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps.12.A)Onatrain.B)Onaplane.C)Inatheater.D)Inarestaurant.13.A)Atragicaccident.B)Asadoccasion.C)Smith’sunusuallifestory.D)Smith’ssleepingproblem.14.A)Reviewthedetailofallherlessons.B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.D)Focusinthemainpointsofherlectures.15.A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless.B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman’sapology.C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman’scoffee.D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman’sjacket.16.A)Extremelytedious.B)Hardtounderstand.C)Lackingagoodplot.D)Notworthseeingtwice.17.A)Attendingeverylecture.B)Doinglotsofhomework.C)Readingveryextensively.D)Usingtest-takingstrategies.

3218.A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike.C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Anoticebytheelectricityboard.B)Adspromotingelectricappliances.C)Thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.D)Anewpolicyonpensioners’welfare.20.A)Speakingwithaproperaccent.B)Wearinganofficialuniform.C)Makingfriendswiththem.D)ShowingthemhisID.21.A)Tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.B)Nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.C)Nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.D)Towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.22.A)Shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.B)Allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.C)Thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.D)Shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Marketingconsultancy.B)Professionalaccountancy.C)Luxuryhotelmanagement.D)Businessconferenceorganization.24.A)Havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.B)Knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.C)Havingbeentothecountrybefore.D)BeingabletospeakJapanese.25.A)Itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.B)Itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.C)ItwillenablehertoimproveherChinese.D)ItwillgivehermorechancestovisitJapan.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.A)Thelackoftime.B)Thequalityoflife.C)Thefrustrationsatwork.D)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.27.A)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.B)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.C)Theydidn’tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.D)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.28.A)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.B)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.C)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.D)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.29.A)Familyviolence.B)TheGreatDepression.C)Herfather’sdisloyalty.D)Hermother’sbadtemper.30.A)Hisadvancedage.B)Hischildren’sefforts.C)Hisimprovedfinancialcondition.D)Hissecondwife’spositiveinfluence.31.A)Loveisblind.B)Lovebreedslove.C)Divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.D)Happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.32.A)Itwaslocatedinapark.B)Itsownerdiedofaheartattack.C)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.D)Itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.

3333.A)Plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse.B)Writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper.C)PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssign.D)Helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases.34.A)Openinganofficeinthenewofficepark.B)Keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany.C)Developingfreshbusinessopportunities.D)Buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown.35.A)Owningthegreenhouseoneday.B)Securingajobattheofficepark.C)Cultivatingmorepottedplants.D)Findingcustomersoutoftown.SectionCWe’renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)____________,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)_____________inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)_______________rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow’swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)________enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)___________inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:(41)____________,anddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)__________,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation,(43)____________,threeoutofhourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)_______________________________.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)__________________________.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionASomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly_____________toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas____________toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,________unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup_________anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable_________Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtcanthroughmymind:youcanlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad_______.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces,withoutguidersoreven________bookings,confidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition____________.Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverina____________.AndIknowI’llgoondoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan______________wonders.A)accomplishD)claimG)interviewsJ)momentsM)regretB)advancedE)constantlyH)limitedK)newsN)scaryC)balloonF)declareI)manufactureL)reducedO)totallySectionBPassageOneGlobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritis

34orisn’t–wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and–withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.58.Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof_______.A)economicgrowthB)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorC)wastefuluseofenergyD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,________.A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseC)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingD)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.B)TheultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnologyC)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.

35PassageTwoSomedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠券).Butprivacydoesmatter–atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”(Lines3-4,Para.2)?A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secrets.C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.64.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret”(Line5,Para.3)?A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers’affairs.D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.C)Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat________.A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepitB)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodC)itissomethingthatcaneasilybelostD)peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseit

36PartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed_67_extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions_68_fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein_69_andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot_70_thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe_71_researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions._72_mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis_73_tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin_74_withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto_75_theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen_76_.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe_77_one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen_78_judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they_79_studentstomeetotherswithdiffering_80_andtoreadwidelyto_81_theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy._82_asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown_83_.Heshouldbepreparedto_84_sacrificestostudyhischosen_85_indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome_86_contributiontoman’sknowledge.67.A)atB)byC)toD)in68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare71.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only78.A)withB)underC)onD)through79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities81.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify82.A)AmidB)AfterC)OverD)Upon83.A)objectB)courseC)effectD)sake84.A)takeB)makeC)sufferD)pay85.A)fieldB)scopeC)targetD)goal86.A)radicalB)truthfulC)meaningfulD)initialPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch_____________________________(能应用于新技术的开发).88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.something_____________________(一定出了什么毛病)withitsoperationsystem.89.Leavingone’sjob,__________________________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90._______________________________________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91._______________________________________________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.2008年12月全国大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)

371.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingcomprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)That'senough,kidsItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground."I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved."shesays,"Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,'No,wedon'tpush.'"Whathappenednextwasunexpected."Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark."Stellasays."Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefor'discipliningherchild'.AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?"Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'schildrenhasbecomeaminefieldInmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'shouseit'sencouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeingkids:"Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?"Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying"no"alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That'sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances."Kidsaren'tallraisedthesame."agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity."Butthere'sstillanideathatthey'rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat'ssomehowacriticismofme."Inthosecircumstances,it'sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought."I'dgotothefirst."saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids,"Usuallyaquietreminderthat'wedon'tdothathere'

38isenough.Kidshavefinelytunedantennae(直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings."Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst."Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'rethereandaskthemtodealwithit."shesays.****howtoapproachaparentinthissituation.PsychologistMeredithFulleranswers:"Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:'Iknowyou'llthinkI'msillybutinmyhouseIdon'twant...'"Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'reearingforanotherchild.Whiteisstraightforward:"Commonsensemuseprevail.Ifthingsdon'tgowellthenhaveachat."There'reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."Nowyoucan'tdoitwithoutfeelinguneasyaboutit."Whitesays.Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren."Menfeelnervous,"Whitesays."Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren."ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centridnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone."Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'sparentsweregrowingup,"hesays."Adultsarescaredofsaying,'Don'tswear',oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents."Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferfromitasmuchaschildren.MeredithFulleragrees,"Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.""It'saboutwhatI'mdoinganwhatIneed,"AndrewFullersays."Thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,'Igotintotrouble',anddadsaid,'Youprobablydeservedit',areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers."Thisjumpingtoourchildren'sdefenceispartofwhatfuelsthe"walkingoneggshells"feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople'schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.It'sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?"Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,"Whitesays."Isuspectthatit'sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool-better0educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved."Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged."Todaywehaveasituationwhere,inmanyfamilies,bothparentswork,sotheamountoftimechildrengetfromparentshasdiminished,"shesays."Also,sometimeswhenwetalkaboutbeingchild-centred,it'sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We'recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudor,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren."Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi'sintervention(干预）onherson;sbehalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy'smother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe'dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand."Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforhadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged."AndrewFullerdoesn'tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople'skids."Lookatkidsthataren'tyourownasapotentialminefield."hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon'tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy'smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?A)Makeanapology.C)Disciplineherownboy.B)Comeovertointervene.D)Takeherownboyaway.

392.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren?A)It'simportantnottohurttheminanyway.B)It'snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing.C)It'sadvisabletotreatthemasone'sownkids.D)It'spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble.3.AccordingtoProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity,whenone'skidsarecriticised,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________.A)discouragedB)hurtC)puzzledD)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople'skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewFuller?A)Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.C)Simplyleavethemalone.B)Complaintotheirparentspolitely.D)Punishthemlightly.5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,___________.A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticisekidsinpublicC)peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid'swrongdoingsD)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inawordwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,_________.A)it'seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatientB)it'sdifficulttocreateacodeofconductC)it'simportanttobefriendlytoeverybodyD)it'shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?A)They'dquestiontheteachers.C)They'dtellthekidstocalmdown.B)They'dchargeuptotheschool.D)They'dputtheblameontheirkids.8.ProfessorWhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe_________________.9.AccordingtoProfessorWhite,today'sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey_________________.10.AndrewFullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot_________________.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.A)Apainter.B)Amechanic.C)Aporter.D)Acarpenter.13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.D)Rentthe$600apartment.14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.C)Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.D)Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.16.A)Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.B)shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.C)sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.D)sheshouldn’thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.17.A)shewantstogetsomesleepB)sheneedstimetowriteapaperC)shehasaliteratureclasstoattendD)sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem18.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C)Itisn’teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D)Theinterviewdidn’tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.20.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.B)Callingitspersonneldepartment.C)Contactingitsmanager.D)Searchingitswebsite.21.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees’resources.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Buyatractor.B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty.D)Singabusinesscontract.23.A)Itisonlyfortymilesformwheretheylive.B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.

40C)Itwasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.24.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor.B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn.C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn.D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.25.A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSectionBPassageOne26.A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity’spoliceforceB)TocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguestC)ToaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurityD)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil27.A)HehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagementB)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForceC)HecompletedhishighereducationabroadD)Heholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminology28.A)TocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartmentsB)TogetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeopleC)TohelptheresidentsintimesofemergencyD)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction29.A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassageTwo30.A)peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicateB)therearenumerouslanguagesinexistenceC)MostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvagueD)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages31.A)itisasignofhumanintelligenceB)inimproveswithconstantpracticeC)itissomethingwearebornwithD)itvariesfrompersontoperson32.A)howprivatelanguagesaredevelopedB)howdifferentlanguagesarerelatedC)howpeoplecreatetheirlanguagesD)howchildrenlearntouselanguagePassageThree33.A)shewasatailorB)shewasanengineerC)shewasaneducatorD)shewasapublicspeaker34.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies.B)IncludinginterestingexamplesinthemC)AdjustingthemtodifferentaudiencesD)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience35.A)WhetherspacemencarryweaponsB)HowspacesuitsprotectspacemenC)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemenD)WhatspacemencatanddrinkSectionCCrimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)___________willcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)_____________hasappearedontheworld(38)_____________---rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)___________.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,(40)_____________,andautotheftareclearlyrising,(41)______________ineastemEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedkingdom.Whatisdirvingthiscrime(42)_____________?Thesearenosimpleanswers.Still,therearecertainconditions(43)_________________withrisingcrime;increasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,(44)________________________________________________________.Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,Denmark,andGreece,(45)_____________________________________.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAAbooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49______fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthethemindandspirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha

4150______ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51______otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52______theirownrelationshipsandresponsestoreadersoftenfindthatthe53______intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide54______materialforreaders'imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55______theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56______.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders'bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.A)abundantD)completelyG)diversityJ)narrowM)properlyB)charactersE)deriveH)escapeK)naturallyN)respectC)communicatingF)desireI)establishingL)personnelO）widenSectionBPassageoneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyou’reamaleandyou’rereadingthis,congratulations:you’reasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,you’remorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,you’lldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.There’remanyreasonsforthis---typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke—butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta.“thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasayahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“whenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer,”hesays.“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhimbutitwouldhaveprolongedhislife.”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinkthey’reinvincible(不可战胜的),”Gullattasays.“theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,’Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,……’”Thenthere’stheostrichapproach.”Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Garmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-usformenwouldinevitablylacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:it’scalledprematuredeath.”57．Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A)TheyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestodayB）TheiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextendedC)TheyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticleD)Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A)mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB)mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC)menaren’tascautiousaswomeninfaceofdangerD)menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldisease59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,...”(line2,para.8)A)itcouldhappentome,tooB）IshouldavoidplayinggolfC)IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD)itwouldbeabigmisfortune60.whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach“(Line1,Para9)A)Acauseattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB)Anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblems

42C)RefusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD)Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A)TheymayincreasepublicexpenseB)TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC)TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD)TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassagetwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.High-qualitycustomerserviceispreachedbymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandone.Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangersandanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetofrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtostudyjointlyconductedbyVerdeGroupandWhartonSchool.“storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdeGroup.“Thestorelosersthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement”Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourothers,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstore.Foreverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperwhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblemRankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,clutteredshelvesoverloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting(业余兼职的)localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestion.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.“Retailerswho’erresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly,“saidprofessorStephenHoch.”Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.“Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhacenoideawhatiswrong.62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?A)Mostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.B)Customerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.C)FewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimprovedD)customershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers63.whatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying”...theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Pra.4)A)NewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldonesB)Itisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsonoterstores.C)MoststoresprovidethesamekindofserviceD)Notcomplainingtothemanagercausetheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshopper___.A)canstaylongerbrowsinginthestoreB)won’thavetroubleparkingtheircarsC)won’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurityD)canfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?A)MannersofthesalespeopleB)HiringofefficientemployeesC)HugesupplyofgoodsforsaleD)Designofstorelayout66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto___A)exertpressureonstoretoimprovetheirserviceB)settletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticway

43C)voicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyD)shoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVCloze(15minutes)PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue_67___childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy__69__toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften__71__theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation__72__equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames__73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand__74__sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports__75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped__76__someeducatoranddevelopmentalexperts__77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere__78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingsandeverydayexperiences.This__79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin__80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial__81__inluencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery__82__topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates__83__thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout__84__theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento__85__responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata__86__capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworks.67.A)amongB)withinC)onD)towards68.A)spreadB)speedC)spurD)sponsor69.A)accessB)entranceC)chanceD)route70.A)littleB)lessC)moreD)much71.A)shrinkB)tightenC)limitD)lack72.A)billB)accountsC)feesD)fare73.A)soB)asC)andD)but74.A)maintainB)containC)sustainD)entertain75.A)lastB)firstC)laterD)finally76.A)beforeB)whileC)untilD)when77.A)realizedB)recalledC)expectedD)exhibited78.A)specificallyB)excessivelyC)stronglyD)exactly79.A)movedB)conductedC)putD)led80.A)preciseB)preciousC)particularD)peculiar81.A)engagementB)environmentC)stateD)status82.A)encouragingB)disappointingC)upsettingD)surprising83.A)forB)withC)overD)at84.A)whatB)howC)whateverD)however85.A)multiplyB)manufactureC)produceD)provide86.A)growingB)breedingC)raisingD)flyingPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems___________________(他们至今还没有答案).88._____________________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou____________________________________(以防天气变冷).90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand_______________________________(决定自己创业).91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它).2009年6月全国大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)作文提纲：

441.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？FreeAdmissiontoMuseums_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏爱)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereableto

45stayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.C)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.A)Racialstereotypes.C)Racialstereotypes.B)Invalidpersonalbias.D)Emphasisonphysicalappearance.3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.

464.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?A)Arealestateagency.C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)Ahi-techcompany5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat.A)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownB)Hedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.8.Dougfelt_________________whenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof__totheirbusiness.10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe_______________betweenus.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35Minutes)SectionA11.A)Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.B)Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.C)ShethrewasurprisepartyforherfriendD)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.12.A)Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.B)TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.C)Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.D)Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.13.A)Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.C)Heusedtobeafirefighter.B)Hewasverycourageous.D)Hewasaccusedofcausingafire.14.A)Makeaprofitableinvestment.C)GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.B)BuyanewwashingmachineD)Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed.15.A)Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.B)Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.C)Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.D)Heisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewposition.16.A)Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow.B)Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois.C)Thewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheparty.D)Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.17.A)Drawingupabusinessplan.C)Finalizingacontract.B)Discussingatermpaper.D)Reviewingaco-authoredarticle.18.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.C)ShechattedonlinewithafriendB)Shehadtheprinterrepaired.D)ShefilledinanapplicationformQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hishealthisgettingworse.C)Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal.B)Hecannolongerworkatsea.D)Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension.20.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.C)Shehasbeenworkingataclinic.B)Sheusedtoworkasamodel.D)Shehasbeenseriouslyillforyears.21.A)Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.B)Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad.C)Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.D)Sheiskindandgenerousbynature.22.A)Hedinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend.B)Heisexcellentbutlookshad-tempered.C)Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance.D)Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThemanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistakeB)Someofthetelephonesystemsdon’tworkproperlyC)Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.D)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.24.A)Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs.B)Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution.C)Passtheman’sordertotherightperson.D)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.

4725.A)Ideal.B)TemporaryC)PartialD)CreativeSectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itisentertaining.C)Ittakeslotsoftime.B)Itisacostlyhobby.D)Itrequirestraining.27.A)Theycanharmnearbyplants.C)Theyfighteachotherforfood.B)Theymaycatchsomedisease.D)Theymaypollutetheenvironment.28.A)Placethefoodonwarmerspots.C)Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood.B)Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly.D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends.B)Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses.C)Hewillliewheneverhewants.D)Hetriestoachievehisgoalatanycost30.A)ShemadehimapologizeC)Shebrokeupwithhim.B)ShereadilyforgavehimD)Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls.31.A)Buyheranewsetoftires.C)Lendherhisbatteries.B)Helpcleanherapartment.D)Movefurnitureforher.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.B)Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem.C)It’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids.D)Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents.33.A)Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.B)Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.C)Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.D)Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty.34.A)ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare.B)Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren.C)Shewantstoshowoffherwealth.D)Shehasnotimetodoitherself.35.A)ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies.B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.C)Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem.D)Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance.SectionCAround120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He(36)____________.onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember(37)______________.Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis(假设),whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn(38)____________onthetimeyouspendtryingtolearnit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisstillthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours(39)_______ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina(40)?.Theanswer,asyoumayhave(41)_______,isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This(42),throughwhichwecanlearnmore(43)_________.bydividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,(44)________________________________________________________________.Butwe’renotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.(45).Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?(46).PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskisto

48buildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.A)closerD)enhanceG)hinderJ)performanceM)requireB)dailyE)enormousH)missionK)professionN)sensitiveC)emotionalF)especiallyI)painfulL)remarkablyO)urgeSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers–onedayitwillbe.57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.

4960.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It’snotgoodforpinpointing(精确定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?A)One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.D)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted

50C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis73.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily.78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.Alarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)_80_acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81_wealthgap,demographic(人口结构的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir_83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA__85afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并)intheautomotivesectoris_86.67.A)profitC)incomeB)paymentD)budget68.A)mostlyC)occasionallyB)partiallyD)rarely69.A)ThereforeC)OtherwiseB)BesidesD)Consequently70.A)driftC)currentB)tideD)trend71.A)remarkablyC)speciallyB)essentiallyD)particularly72.A)WhileC)WhenB)BecauseD)Since73.A)surgingC)slippingB)stretchingD)shaking74.A)unlessC)asB)ifD)after75.A)lowerC)broaderB)slighterD)larger76.A)liabletoC)thankstoB)intermsofD)inviewof77.A)uniqueC)mysteriousB)similarD)strange78.A)overC)onB)againstD)behind79.A)messC)growthB)boomD)decay80.A)proceededC)launchedB)relievedD)revised81.A)quickeningC)strengtheningB)wideningD)lengthening82.A)averageC)abundantB)massiveD)general83.A)labelsC)vehiclesB)cyclesD)devices84.A)orC)butB)untilD)then85.A)concludesC)reckonsB)predictsD)prescribes86.A)distantC)temporaryB)likelyD)immediatePartVCloze(15minutes)PartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad______________________________________(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary_________________________________________(就不会被大雨淋湿了).89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare___________________________(更有可能增加体重).90._________________________(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis________________________(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)2009年12月大学英语四级考试试题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

51CreatingaGreenCampus__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaidGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients（接受者）,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility（资格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

52Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠）,meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel（突出）insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）.Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpoliciesC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollments　　C)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.A)itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

53B)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievementsC)it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudentsD)it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutionsC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialsituations6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain_________________.9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______________theirexceptionalathleticperformance.10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir_________inaparticularartisticfield.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionAQuestions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11.A)Getsomesmallchange.B)Findashoppingcenter.C)Cashacheckatabank.D)Findaparkingmeter.12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.B)Buyingagiftforachild.C)Promotinganewproduct.D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.13.A)Takingphotographs.B)Enhancingimages.C)Mendingcameras.D)Paintingpictures.14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.B)Heishighlyambitious.C)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituationD)Heknowshisownlimitation.16.A)Shemusthavepaidalotforgym.B)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.B)Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.D)Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.18.A)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Surprised.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)Learndataprocessing.C)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)Buyafewcoursebooks.21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.22.A)Whattobringforregistration.B)Wheretoattendtheclass.C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atrainingcoach.B)Atradingadviser.C)Aprofessionalmanager.D)Afinancialtrader.24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.

5425.A)Itissomethinginevitable.　　B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.　C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.　　D)Itcanbeagoodthing.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)Themysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved.67.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth’s.C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.B)WhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlywere.C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtodo.31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)Itfacilitatesinterpersonalcommunication.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Jobsecurity.B)Goodlabourrelations.C)Challengingwork.D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.　B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.　　D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.SectionCInthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)______________intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.Factualwritingprovides(37)_______informationonanauthor,composer,orartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)____________coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)______________course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)______________foryourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41)_______________,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42)____________of,apieceofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)____________acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereader’smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)___________________________________________________________.Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)_________________________________________________.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)_______________________________________________________________________________.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,with

55marriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance(话语)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadaneffect.“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)describingG)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)totalM)unconsciousN)unsureO)yetSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉着),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.57.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?A)SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.B)ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.C)ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.D)ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.58.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyarevictimsofviolence.B)Theyareofaninferiorviolence.C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.59.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?A)WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.B)HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.C)HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.

56D)WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.60.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?A)Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest,B)Sheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.C)Howeverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseeverybody.D)ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sconcerns.61.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?A)Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.B)HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.C)OutshinepreviousFirstLady.D)Fullydisplayherfinequalities.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教务长)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活动家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)Theiradministrativeexperience.64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause_____.A)shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoneyB)shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYaleC)sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseasD)shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus66.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.B)Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.

57C)Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.D)Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.PartⅤCloze(15minutes)Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic(人口结构的)change,itsays.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepensionage.“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofpolicyattentionandresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75,”saysthereport’sauthor,ProfessorStephenMcNair.Themajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”to81tothelaterstageofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransition(过渡)82retirement,whichmaynowhappen83atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentityandfindingconstructive86forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretiredlife.67.A)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)depends68.A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)adequate69.A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)heavily70.A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)guidelines71.A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)inability72.A)overB)afterC)acrossD)beside73.A)IdentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)Practicing74.A)atB)byC)inD)on75.A)desiresB)realmsC)needsD)intentions76.A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)portion77.A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)Before78.A)neighborsB)moodsC)homesD)minds79.A)ageB)everC)previouslyD)formerly80.A)ForexampleB)BycontrastC)InparticularD)Onaverage81.A)transformB)yieldC)adjustD)suit82.A)withinB)fromC)beyondD)to83.A)unfairlyB)unpredictablyC)instantlyD)indirectly84.A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)feasible85.A)senseB)conscienceC)projectD)definition86.A)ranksB)assetsC)idealsD)rolesPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou_________________________________________________(按照我的指令去做).88.Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever____________________________________(放弃对知识的追求).89.Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtime____________________________________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).90.Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto________________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).91.Themoreexerciseyoutake,___________________________________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).2010年6月大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出新这种情况的原因

583.为了改变这种情况，我认为…DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)CaughtintheWebAfewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms--leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem."Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart—kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffofthedatingsites,I’djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脱离)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotalone.ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb."There'snoquestionthattherearepeoplewho’reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterof

59priorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime.""TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-maileverytwominutes,blogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling"websites.ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaHechtOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor"Ifitisaloss[where]youarenotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch."Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecovery,andtheCenterforInternetBehavior.TheWebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:lHavingasenseofwell-being(幸福)orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.lLongingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.lNeglectoffamilyandfriends.lFeelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.lLyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.lInabilitytostoptheactivity.lProblemswithschoolorjob.Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene(卫生)andsleepdisturbances.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,anescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief...becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers,.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesanddiscussionboardsbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干预),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight."There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""Iamself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI’mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgageandfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

602.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeopleA)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironmentB)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequencesC)canrealizewhatisimportantinlifeD)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,InternetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveifA)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationshipsB)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequentlyC)toomuchtimewasspentinchatroomsD)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeelA)discouragedB)pressuredC)depressedD)puzzled6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto.A)improvehisonlinegamingskillsB)curbhisdesireforonlinegamingC)showhowgoodheisatonlinegamingD)exchangeonlinegamingexperience8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe_______________________.9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek.10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout________________________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.13.A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.C)Tidyuptheplace.D)Holdaparty.14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossibleD)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.16.A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.17.A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'slectures.B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'srequirements.C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesboring.D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sclass.18.A)Checktheircomputerfiles.B)Makesomecomputations.C)Studyacomputerprogram.D)Assembleacomputer.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.20.A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.21.A)Inahospital.B)Atacoffeeshop.C)Atalaundry.D)Inahotel.22.A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.C)Planningeverythinginadvance.D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.

61C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.24.A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.25.A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.D)Makedonationswhennecessary.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.A)Districtmanagers.B)Regularcustomers.C)Salesdirectors.D)Seniorclerks.27.A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.28.A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.29.A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.31.A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.B)Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.D)Youcan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.32.A)Demandapromptresponse.B)Provideallthedetails.C)Senditbyexpressmail.D)Sticktothepoint.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)FashiondesignerB)Architect.C)Cityplanner.D)Engineer.34.A)Dosomevolunteerwork.B)Getawell-paidpart-timejob.C)Workflexiblehours.D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.35.A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.B)Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.D)Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.SectionCAlmosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more(36)___,lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)_____thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(机敏的),persistentand(38)_________thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschoolingor,unlessheisvery(39)___________andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40)__________withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41)_________instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42)________thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43)___________oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit—babiesdon'tevenknowthatlanguageexists—and(44)________________________________.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45)___________________________________________________________________.untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46)_____________________________andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAWhenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones—thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47wastefultotearthemalldownand48themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49

62carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52，theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea54numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from55oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades（升级）cansavemorethanjusttheearth；theycanhelp56propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.A)accommodationsD)exceptionsG)incrediblyJ)reducedM)shiftedB)clumsyE)expandH)poweringK)replaceN)supplyingC)doubtfulF)historicI)protectL)senseO)vastSectionBPassageOneYouneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潜水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane—thearealeastsubjecttoimpact—fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架舱).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔绝的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000°F.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?A)Todistinguishthemfromthecoloroftheplane.B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

63A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults"(Line4,Para.3)?A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.67.A)distractC)differB)descendD)derive68.A)withC)fromB)viaD)off69.A)appearedC)resortedB)usedD)served70.A)situatesC)rootsB)liesD)locates71.A)onC)forB)ofD)to72.A)reflectsC)protectsB)detectsD)selects73.A)sendsinC)standsforB)putsoutD)carriesaway74.A)visibleC)feasibleB)responsibleD)sensible75.A)besideC)beyondB)overD)up76.A)appealsC)advocatesB)admitsD)allows77.A)afterC)untilB)behindD)toward78.A)optionalC)occasionalB)invalidD)insignificant79.A)communitiesC)corporationsB)corpsD)compounds80.A)largelyC)solelyB)slightlyD)only81.A)latelyC)lateB)laterD)latter82.A)offeredC)equippedB)convincedD)provided83.A)InsteadC)HoweverB)NeverthelessD)Besides84.A)andC)butB)orD)though85.A)differentC)widespreadB)flexibleD)productive86.A)acquiredC)practicedB)adaptedD)proceededTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptually,e-commercedoesnot67fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,"mailorder"catalogs,orsendingfax.apurchaseordertosupplier68fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel69inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference70inthedetails.Toaconsumer,themostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists71onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems,72anitem,arrangesaformofpayment,and73anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcatalog,e-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe74ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephone,e-commercearrangesfororderstobesent75acomputernetwork.Finally,insteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasacheck,e-commerce76onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade771993,e-commercegrewfroman78novelty(新奇事物)toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993,few79hadawebpage,and80ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears81,bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpages,andmost82userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.83,manybanksaddedonlineaccess,84onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame85.Moreimportantly,thevalueofgoodsandservices86overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.PartVCloze(15minutes)

64PartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty(集中注意力在实验上)88.Themanagerneverlaughed;neither(她从来没有发过脾气).89.Welookforwardto(被邀请出席开幕式).90.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner(要安装在窗户旁).91.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespite(她父母的强烈反对).2010年12月大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)(30minutes)1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

65_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)AGrassrootsRemedyMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolin

66Streatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.FivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworldWalk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?[A]Personalfreedom.[B]Thingsthatarenatural.[C]Urbansurroundings.[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

675.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe______________________________.9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout______________________________.10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek__________________________withthenaturalworld.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.[B]Shecan’tstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.[C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.[D]Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.[B]Whethershecangobyherself.[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.[B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.[C]Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.[D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.[B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.[C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.[D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.[B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.[C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.[D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover.[B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.[C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.[D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.[A]Shewasabankmanager.[B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery.[C]Shewasadefencelawyer.[D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime.20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.[B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.[C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater.[D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.[C]Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.[B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]Bylisteningtothemorningnews.[B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]Bycallinganemploymentservice.23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.[B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.[C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.[D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]Workingasasecretary.[B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]StudyingforadegreeinFrench.25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.[B]Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.[C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.[D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.SectionBPassageOne

68Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.[B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.[C]Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.[D]Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.[B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.[C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.[D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.[B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.[C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.[D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.29.[A]FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.[B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.[C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.[D]Informativespeechescansavelives.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.[B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.[C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.[D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.[B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.[C]Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.[D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime.[B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.[C]Savingasmuchasyoucan.[D]Workinghardandplayinghard.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating.[B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.[C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.[D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant.[B]Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood.[C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters.[D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]Hewasaskedtoleave.[B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewasovercharged.SectionCWritingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto(36)_____________ourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)_____________theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomany(38)_____________,colleges,business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetime—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)_____________rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore(40)_____________thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephone(41)__________todrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)_____________anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)_____________them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussandcollaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)_________________________________________________________________________________.Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.(45)______________________________________________________________________.Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“IwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou.”(46)______________________________________________________________________,butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAWhatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluenceactivityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportanttothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhattoperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucanbasedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,such

69asyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,howtheyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthetowhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,sciencethatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peoplearebornlikeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayitappearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.[A]abilities[D]complaints[G]essentially[J]indicates[M]raised[B]achieve[E]contributions[H]eventually[K]proceeds[N]smart[C]appeal[F]displayed[I]extent[L]psychological[O]standardSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia(学术界)outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee’sisoneofthem.Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical(制药的)companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition(转换)toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.”57.By“aone-waystreet”(Line1,Para.1),theauthormeans________.[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch58.Theword“deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat________.[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]attractspeople’sattention[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]bringssomeoneafinancialburden59.WhatwasHelenLee’smajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto________.[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld

70[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?[A]Increaseitsgraduates’competitivenessinthejobmarket.[B]Developitsstudents’potentialinresearch.[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”62.WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflife[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity63.LindaWaite’sstudiessupporttheideathat_________.[A]oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy[B]marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth[C]themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried[D]unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line4,Para.2)refersto_________.[A]thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried[B]theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage[C]theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone’sfamily[D]theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?[A]Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.[B]Theyhelpdeveloppeople’scommunityspirit.[C]Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.[D]Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife’sburdens.66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]It’simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.[B]Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.[C]Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.[D]Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.PartⅤCloze(15minutes)Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest“GlobalReportonHumanSettlements”saysasignificantchangetookplacelastyear.Thereport_67_thisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.Acenturyago,_68_thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities._69_themiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,or_70_sixandahalfbillionpeople.Alreadythree-fourthsofpeoplein_71_countriesliveincities.Nowmosturbanpopulation_72isinthedevelopingworld.

71Urbanizationcan_73_tosocialandeconomicprogress,butalsoput_74_oncitiestoprovidehousingand_75_.Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemove_76_citiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworseninginequalities,_77_bysocialdivisionsanddifferencesin__78__,couldresultinviolenceandcrime_79_citiesplanbetter.Anotherissueisurbansprawl(无序扩展的城区).Thisiswherecities_80_quicklyintoruralareas,sometimes_81amuchfasterratethanurbanpopulationgrowth.Sprawlis_82_intheUnitedStates.Americansmovealot.Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeoplearemovingawayfromthe_83_citiestosmallerones.Heseesa_84_toward“de-urbanization”acrossthenation.__85urbaneconomiesstillprovidemany_86_thatruralareasdonot.67.[A]cameon[B]cameoff[C]cameover[D]cameout68.[A]more[B]other[C]less[D]rather69.[A]By[B]Through[C]Along[D]To70.[A]really[B]barely[C]ever[D]almost71.[A]flourishing[B]developed[C]thriving[D]fertile72.[A]extension[B]addition[C]raise[D]growth73.[A]keep[B]turn[C]lead[D]refer74.[A]pressure[B]load[C]restraint[D]weight75.[A]surroundings[B]communities[C]concerns[D]services76.[A]onto[B]into[C]around[D]upon77.[A]pulled[B]driven[C]drawn[D]pressed78.[A]situation[B]wealth[C]treasure[D]category79.[A]when[B]if[C]unless[D]whereas80.[A]expand[B]split[C]invade[D]enlarge81.[A]in[B]beyond[C]with[D]at82.[A]common[B]conventional[C]ordinary[D]frequent83.[A]essential[B]prior[C]primitive[D]major84.[A]trend[B]style[C]direction[D]path85.[A]Then[B]But[C]For[D]While86.[A]abilities[B]qualities[C]possibilities[D]realitiesPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.____________________________________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance.88.Themagnificentmuseum_______________________________________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.89.Therewouldbenolifeonearth________________________________________________(没有地球独特的环境).90.__________________________________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.91.Theyrequestedthat______________________________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.2011年6月大学英语四级考试试题PartI Writing (30minutes)1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议OnlineShopping

72_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartII ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestofold andnew.WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseit is bad!ThosearenotthemostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong'ssmartestBritishrestaurants,Alfie'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay."Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland,"theEnglishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcookingmethods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliverandGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn'thavetobeaboringthing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHestonBlumenthal'smoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreatetheperfectdish."It'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsaboutfood,"Tomessays.Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation'scuisinecanbetracedbacktotheSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain'sfoodwasimportedandwhenGermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwenton rations (配给)."Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-producefood,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheirkitchens."Theyweren'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywerelookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn'tcompetewithneighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.

73BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofindarestaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital's culinary (烹饪的)scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.WiththeopeningofAlfie'sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritishfoodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong."WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantsarekeepingup,"saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefatThePawninWanChai."HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornewdishes."ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurantsaremodifyingtherecipes (菜谱)ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,whileothersareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionsandtastes.Tamlynisinthesecondcamp."Weselectourfoodveryparticularly.WeuseUSbeef,NewZealandlambandforourcustards (牛奶蛋糊)weuseBird'sCustardPowder,"Tamlynsays."Somerestaurantsgoforcustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardisdifferent,andwestaytruetothat."MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsousesbetteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes."TherearealotofexistingperceptionsaboutBritishfoodandsowecan'talterthesetoomuch.We'reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsotherearesome staples (主菜)thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged."Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroastedmeats.AtAlfie's,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentlemen'sclub-likeindesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionfor provenance (原产地)."Britainhasstartedtobecomereallyproudofthefoodit'sproducing.Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats."However,theBritishdon'thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultforrestaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients."WecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,"Tamlynexplains."Butthereisalsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,andtherearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples."ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationof"Britishcuisine",whilestilltryingtomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexistedinvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthanstickingtoamenu.ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailableinthelocalmarkets."Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish."Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishesacrossBritain.Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms,whilemaintainingtheBritishnessoftheircuisine.AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsand"mixingitup"isnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishestothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdiner."Thatway,peoplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethemuphowevertheylike,"Hillsays.ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyfor rotisseries (烤肉馆),Tamlynsays."SometableswillarriveonaSunday,orderawholechickenandashoulderoflamborababypig,andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem."SomeBritishtraditionsaretoo sacred (神圣的)tomesswith,however,Tomessays."I'dneverchangeafullEnglishbreakfast."1. WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?A)  Itsuniqueflavour.                      C)Itsspecialcookingmethods.B)  Itsbadtaste.                     D)Itsorganicingredients.2. TheSecondWorldWarledto________inBritain.A) aninadequatesupplyoffood      C)anincreaseinfoodimport

74B) adecreaseofgrainproduction        D)achangeinpeople'seatinghabits3. Whycouldn'tBritaincompetewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountriesintermsoffoodinthepost-wardecades?A) Itsfoodlackedvariety.                    C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.B) Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.          D)Itdidn'thaveflavourfulfoodingredients.4. Withculinaryimprovementinrecentyears,London'srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothetastesof  .A) mostyoungpeople                          C)allkindsofoverseasvisitorsB) elderlyBritishdiners                        D)upper-classcustomers5. WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?A)Authenticclassiccuisine.                      C)Newideasandpresentations.B) Locallyproducedingredients.                D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.6. Whileusingqualityingredients,DavidTamlyninsiststhatthedishesshould________.A) benefitpeople'shealth                        C)beofferedatreasonablepricesB) lookbeautifulandinviting                    D)maintainBritishtraditionaltastes7.WhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?A) Theyappealtopeoplefromallovertheworld.B) Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms.C) Theyareprocessedinascientificway.D) Theycomeinagreatvariety.8.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalsobuysvegetablesfrom__.9. ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishes______________.10.YorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatestothosedinerswhowouldliketo_________________.PartIII ListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11. A)Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.B)  Heisashamedofhispresentcondition.C)  Hechangesjobsfrequently.D)  Heshaveseveryotherday.12. A)Janemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.B)  Janeshouldhavestartedalittleearlier.C)  HeknowswhatsortofpersonJaneis.D)HeisirritatedathavingtowaitforJane.13. A)TrainingfortheMid-AtlanticChampionships.B)  Makingpreparationsforatrans-Atlantictrip.C)  Collectinginformationaboutbaseballgames.D)Analyzingtheirrivals'on-fieldperformance.14. A)Hehadanarrowescapeinacaraccident.B)  Heishospitalizedforaseriousinjury.C)  Helosthismothertwoweeksago.D)  Hehasbeenhavingahardtime.15. A)Thewomanhasknownthespeakerforalongtime.B)  Themanhaddifficultyunderstandingthelecture.C)  Themanismakingafussaboutnothing.D)  Thewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.16. A)Hehasdifficultymakingsenseoflogic.B)  Statisticsandlogicarebothchallengingsubjects.C)  Thewomanshouldseekhelpfromthetutoringservice.D)  Tutoringservicesareverypopularwithstudents.17. A)HerovercoatisasstylishasJill's.        C)Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.B)Jillmissedherclasslastweek.            D)Sheisinthesameclassastheman.18.A)Acomputergame.                      C)Anexcitingexperience.B)Animaginarysituation.                  D)Avacationbythesea.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.      C)Painandpleasureinsports.B)Dangersofcross-countryskiing.      D)Asportheparticipatesin.20. A)Hecan'tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.B) Hecan'tfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C) Hedoesn'tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.D) Hecan'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.21. A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B) Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C) Alotofeffortismadeinvain.D) Thewriter'spointofviewoftenchanges.

75Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22. A)Journalistofalocalnewspaper.B) Directorofeveningradioprograms.C) Produceroftelevisioncommercials.D) Hostessoftheweekly"BusinessWorld".23. A)Heranthreerestaurantswithhiswife'shelp.B) Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.C) Heworkedbothasacookandawaiter.D) Hehiredacookandtwolocalwaitresses.24. A)Hehardlyneedstodoanyadvertisingnowadays.B) Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.C) HespendshugesumsonTVcommercialseveryyear.D) Hehireschildrentodistributeadsinshoppingcenters.25. A)Therestaurantlocation.                   C)Thefoodvariety.B)Therestaurantatmosphere.                D)Thefoodprice.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itsprotectionisoftenneglectedbychildren.  B)Itcannotbefullyrestoredoncedamaged.C)Therearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.    D)Therearevariouswaystoprotectit.27.A)Itmaymakethewearerfeeltired.B)Itwillgraduallyweakentheeyesofadults.C)Itcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.D)Itcanpermanentlychangetheeyestructure.28.A)Itcanneverbedoneevenwithhightechnology.B)Itisthebestwaytorestoredamagedeyesight.C)Itisamajorachievementineyesurgery.D)Itcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Theythinktheyshouldfollowthecurrenttrend.B)Nursinghomesarewell-equippedandconvenient.C)Adultday-carecentersareeasilyaccessible.D)Theyhavejobsandothercommitments.30.A)Theydon'twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.B)Theyfeartheywillregretitafterwards.C)Theywouldliketospendmoretimewiththem.D)Theydon'twanttoseetheirhusbandspoorlytreated.31.A)Provideprofessionalstandardcare.    C)Befrankandseekhelpfromothers.B)Beaffectionateandcooperative.      D)Makefulluseofcommunityfacilities.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Healthandsafetyconditionsintheworkplace.B)Rightsandresponsibilitiesofcompanyemployees.C)Commoncomplaintsmadebyofficeworkers.D)Conflictsbetweenlaborandmanagement.33.A)Replaceitsout-datedequipment.B)  Improvethewelfareofaffectedworkers.C) Followgovernmentregulationsstrictly.D)  Provideextrahealthcompensation.34. A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.B)  Theyquitworktoprotecttheirunbornbabies.C) Theysoughthelpfromunionrepresentatives.D)  Theywantedtoworkshorterhours.35. A)Toshowhowtheylovewintersports.B)  Toattracttheattentionfromthemedia.C) Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.D)  Toprotectthemselvesagainstthecoldweather.SectionCContrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeans astronauts (宇航员)somedaymay(36)___________solonginspacethat

76theywouldreturntoanEarthofthe(37)____________future.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill.Ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmove(38)____________.Althoughnoformofmatteryet(39)_______________movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,(40)______________experimentshavealreadyconfirmedthataccelerated(41)__________________causesatraveler'stimetobestretched.AlbertEinstein(42)______________thisin1905,whenhe(43)_______________theconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatter(44)__________________________________________________________________________________.An obsession (沉迷)withtime–saving,gaining,wasting,losing,andmasteringit–(45)_____________________________________________________________Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einstein(46)____________________________________________________________.Thus,timeandtime'srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,oranatomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAThepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople__________tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)____________effectontheirbrain'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond, a.psychiatrist (心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping_____________straightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is____________withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore____________iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinone chunk (整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto______________welldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“It's____________amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere__________.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom___________togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That's_____________rompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75.”A)alertD)clingG)differentJ)functionM)sufficientB)associatedE)continuingH)efficientlyK)mixedN)tendC)attractingF)definitelyI)formallyL)negativeO)youngerSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61 arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeing randomly (随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreater likelihood (可能性)ofconflict.Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.Ina NewYorkTimes article,SamBoakye–theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat"ifyou'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove."Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.

77Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings."Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,"shesaid.AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing."Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,"saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley."Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.""I'veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,"saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts"providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceand melding (融合),"therewerealso"jarringculturalconfrontations."TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?A)  Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.B)  Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.C)  Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.D)  Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.58.WhatdoesSamBoakye'sremarkmean?A)  Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.B)  Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.C)  Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.D)  Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.59.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?A)  Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.B)  Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.C)  Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon'tgetalong.D)  Assigningstudents'lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.60.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe"definitionofintegration"?A)  Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.B)  Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.C)  Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.D)  Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?A)  Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.B)  Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.C)  Students'racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.D)  Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowing passage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition (营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

78Along withthedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentin vulnerable (易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,"willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeply flawed (有瑕疵的)."However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.62. WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A) Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.B) Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C) Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D) Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63. WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?A) Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B) Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C) Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D) Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.64. WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?A) Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.      C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.B) Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.    D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.65. WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?A) Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B) Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C) ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D) Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66. WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A) Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.B) Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.C) Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D) Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PartV Cloze(15minutes)Whenitcomestoeatingsmartforyourheart,thinkingaboutshort-termfixesandsimplifylifewithastraightforwardapproachthatwillserveyouwellforyearstocome.Smarteatinggoesbeyondanalyzingeverybiteadyoulift__67__yourmouth."Inthepastweusedtobelievethat__68__amountsofindividual nutrients (营养物)werethe__69__togoodhealth,"LindaVanHorn,chairoftheAmericanHeartAssociation'sNutritionCommittee."Butnowwehavea__70__understandingofhealthyeatingandthekindsoffoodnecessaryto__71__notonlyheartdiseasebutdisease__72__general,"sheadds.Scientistsnow__73__onthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeaten__74__severaldaysoraweek__75__thanonthenumberof milligrams (毫克)ofthisorthat__76__ateachmeal.

79Fruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,forexample,providenutrientsandplant-basedcompounds__77__forgoodhealth.“Themorewelearn,themore__78__wearebythewealthofessentialsubstancesthey__79__,"VanHorncontinues,"andhowthey__80__witheachothertokeepushealthy."You'llautomaticallybe__81__therightheart-healthytrackifvegetables,fruitsandwholegrainsmake__82__threequartersofthefoodonyourdinnerplate.__83__intheremainingonequarterwithleanmeatorchicken,fishoreggs.Thefoodsyouchoosetoeataswellasthoseyouchooseto__84__clearlycontributetoyourwell-being.Withouta__85__,eachofthesmalldecisionsyoumakeinthisrealmcanmakeabig__86__onyourhealthintheyearstocome.67.A)between      B)through        C)inside      D)to68.A)serious       B)splendid        C)specific        D)separate69.A)key          B)point          C)lead            D)center70.A)strict         B)different        C)typical          D)natural71.A)rescue         B)prevent        C)forbid      D)offend72.A)in            B)upon            C)for              D)by73.A)turn          B)put              C)focus          D)carry74.A)over         B)along      C)with            D)beyond75.A)other         B)better      C)rather      D)sooner76.A)conveyed     B)consumed      C)entered        D)exhausted77.A)vital           B)initial      C)valid           D)radical78.A)disturbed        B)depressed      C)amazed        D)amused79.A)retain      B)contain        C)attain          D)maintain80.A)interfere     B)interact        C)reckon          D)rest81.A)at          B)of          C)on              D)within82.A)out        B)into            C)off            D)up83.A)Engage       B)Fill            C)Insert          D)Pack84.A)delete     B)hinder      C)avoid          D)spoil85.A)notion        B)hesitation      C)reason      D)doubt86.A)outcome       B)function        C)impact          D)commitmentPartVI Translation(5minutes)87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,_____________________________(也没有解释为什么).88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe_______________________________(能被分配做另一项工作).89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchild______________________________________(冒着自己生命危险).90.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit___________________________________(接电话的却是他的助手).91.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,______________________________(他的父亲说服他)majoringinlaw.2011年12月大学英语四级考试试题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)1.坚强的意志是成功的重要保证2.意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命3.学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才

80NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)WhyIntegrityMattersWhatIsIntegrity?Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽窃)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense."ButEverybodyDoesIt"Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescanget

81veryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"O"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension(暂令停学)ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwaywithit-OrNotThosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives(剥夺)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.CheatingHurtsOther,TooCheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累积的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30％ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMartenIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.A)stickstothemintheirdailylifeB)makesthemknowntoothersC)understandstheirtruevaluesD)seesthatothersalsofollowthem2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?A)IthelpstocreateteamspiritB)Itfacilitatescommunication

82C)ItisthebasisofmutualtrustD)Itinspiresmutualrespect3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?A.ithascausednoharm.B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.C.ithasgoneunnoticed.D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?A.Avoidmakingexcuses.B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.C.Makehisintensionspublic.D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.A.willoftenbecomemorecautiousB.areusuallyveryaggressiveC.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.D.mayloseeverythingintheend7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.A)paymoredearlyB)becomemoreconfidentC)bewidelyadmiredD)feelsomewhatlucky8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_____________________________.9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_______________________________.10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_____________________________.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.A)Readthenoticeonthewindow.C)Getanewbusschedule.B)GoandaskthestaffD)BoardthebustoCleveland.12.A)Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.B)Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.C)HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial.D)HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.13.A)shewantstotakethemostdirectway.B)Shemaymelateforthefootballgame.C)Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.D)Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.14.A)AtarestaurantC)Ataclinic.B)Inafishshop.D)Onafishingboat.15.A)Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.B)Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.C)Heisaclosefriendofthewoman.D)Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.16.A)Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.B)Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.C)Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplace.D)Themanisunliklytomoveoutofthedormitory.17.A)Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.B)themanandwomanareworkingonajointproject.C)Oneshouldbechooseabroadtopicforaresearchpaper.D)Ittookalotoftimetogetthemanontherighttrack.18.A)Theywentcampingthistimelastyear.B)Theydidn’tquiteenjoytheirlastpicnic.C)Theylearnedtocooperateunderharshconditions.D)Theyweren’texperiencedinorganizingpicnics.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A）HelikesSwedenbetterthanEngland.B）Heprefershotweathertocoldweather.C）HeisanEnglishlivinginSweden.D）HevisitsLondonnearlyeverywinter.20.A）ThebadweatherB）Thecoldhouses.C）Thegloomywinter.D）Thelongnight.21.A）Delightful.B）Painful.C）Depressing.D）Refreshing.22.A）Theyoftenstayuplatereading.B)Theyworkhardandplayhard.C)Theyliketogocampinginsummer.D)Theytrytoearnmoreandspendmore.

83Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A）Management.B）FrenchC）EnglishliteratureD）PublicAdministration24.A）Englishteaching.B）Stafftraining.C）Careersguidance.D）Psychologicalcounseling25.A）Itspleasantenvironment.B）Itsworldwidefame.C）Itsgenerousscholarship.D）Itswell-designedcourses.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.WhatdidObcamp’sspeechfocuson?A)CharacteristicsofJapaneseartistsB)SomefeaturesofJapanesecultureC)TheartofJapanesebrushpaintingD)TheuniquenessofJapaneseart27.WhydoJapaneselistenerssometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech?A)TocalmthemselvesdownB)ToenhanceconcentrationC)ToshowtheirimpatienceD)Tosignaltheirlackofinterest28.Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain?A)HowlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespectB)HowspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheaudienceC)HowspeakerscanmisunderstandtheaudienceD)HowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsarePassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.WhatisChris’smainresponsibilityatTaxlongCompany?A)Directingpersonnelevaluation.B)Buyingandmaintainequipment.C)Drawingupplansforin-servicetraining.D)Interviewingandrecruitingemployees.30.WhatproblemdidChrisencounterinhisDivision?A)Someofhisequipmentwasdamagedinafire.B)Thetrainingprogramheranwasfailure.C)Twoofhisworkerswereinjuredatwork.D)Twoofhisemployeescommittedtheft.31.WhatdoesChrishopeforinthenearfuture?A)Abetterrelationshipwithhisboss.B)AdvancementtoahigherpositionC)Abetter-payingjobinanothercompanyD)Improvementinthecompany’smanagement32WhatdowelearnaboutKimfromthepassage?A)Shehasmoreself-confidencethanChris.B)SheworkswithChrisinthesamedivision.C)ShehasmoremanagementexperiencethanChris.D)SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjob.PassageThreeQuestions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Whyareproverbssoimportant?A)Theyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofaculture.B)Theyguideusinhandlinghumanrelationships.C)Theyhelpusexpressourselvesmoreeffectively.D)Theyareaninfinitesourceofhumanknowledge.34.Accordingtothespeakerwhathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime?A)Theirwordingsmaybecomedifferent.B)Thevaluestheyreflectmaychange.C)Theiroriginscannolongerbetraced.D)Theymaybemisinterpreted.35.Whatdowelearnfromthestudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworld?A)Certainvaluesaresharedbyalargenumberofcultures.B)Someproverbsareassumingmoreandmoreimportance.C)Oldproverbsareconstantlyreplacedbynewones.D)Certainvalueshavealwaysbeencentraltoaculture.

84SectionCOurlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenjoymyown(36)_____________,InolongerimagineIcangetthrougha(37)_____________day,muchlessallmylife,(38)_____________onmyown.EvenifIamon(39)_____________inthemountains,Iameatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeoneelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehas(40)_____________fromclothwovenbyothers,using(41)_____________someoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse.(42)_____________ofinterdependenceiseverywhere;weareonthis(43)_____________together.AsIwasgrowingup,(44)_____________________________________________________________.“Makeyourownway”,”Standonyourowntwofeet”ormymother’sfavoriteremarkwhenIwasface-to-facewithconsequencesofsomeaction:Nowthatyou’vemadeyourbed,lieonit!”Totalindependenceisadominantthinginourculture.Iimaginethat(45)_____________________________________________________.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimagines.Andinstead,IgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotallyindependentandconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.(46)_______________________________________________________________________.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAWiththeworld'spopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers.businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructure(基础设施)andjobs.Underlingallthis____________willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina_________.sustainablewayisthecornerstone(基石)ofournation'senergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajor________ofthe21stcentury.Alternativeformsofenergy-bio-fuels,windandsolar,tonameafeware____________beingfundedanddeveloped,andwillplayagrowing__________intheworld'senergysupply.Butexpertssaythatevenwhen______________,alternativeenergysourceswilllikelymeetonlyabout30%oftheworld'senergyneedsby2050.Forexample,evenwith___________investments,suchasthe$93millionforwindenergydevelopment________intheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct,importantalternativeenergysourcessuchaswindandbio-fuels_____onlyabout1%ofthemarkettoday.Energyandsustainabilityexpertssaytheanswertoourfutureenergyneedswilllikelycomefromalotof________bothtraditionalandalternative.A)stableD)roleG)includedJ)consistM)combinedB)solutionsE)progressH)growthK)compriseN)challengesC)significantF)marvelousI)exactlyL)competitionsO)certainlySectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandinvolvetheminactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic.Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinity(阳刚),theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype.aUSstudysays.Boysatsingle-sexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelped

85developtheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".Thefindingsofthestudysoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfadedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwith"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevisionlearnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround."Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminine(女性的)andpreferthemodemgenre(类型)inwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschoolsboysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thestudyreported.57.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould____.A)forceboystohidetheiremotionstobe"realmen"B)helptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboysC)encourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreelyD)naturallyreinforceinboysthetraditionalimageofaman58.Itiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolboys_____.A)PerformrelativelybetterB)growupmorehealthilyC)behavemoreresponsiblyD)receiveabettereducation59.WhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?A)Itfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademically.B)Itfocusesmoreonmixedschooleducation.C)Itfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed.D)Itplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls.60.AccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis______.A)teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboysB)boyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistractedC)boyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedinD)teachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys'teamspirit61.WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames'report?A)Theyenjoybeingincharge.C)Theyhavesharpervision.B)Theyconformtostereotypes.D)Theyareviolentandsexist.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebatedonthefollowingpassage.It'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloffandwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear-wejustwon'tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.FormanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholidayAYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession-financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbal(言语上的)aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolvedandmademen,morethan

86women,extremelyangry.KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit'sfor."heexplains."They'llsayit'stosavetospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem."Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething."Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowwhat'sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo(禁忌)abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou'redoing,who'spayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationship,youdon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit."62.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?A)Peopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecession.B)Fewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghard.C)Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.D)Itisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputes.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"moneyisknown...tobringarelationshiptoitsknees"(Line1,Para.2)?A)Moneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils.B)Somepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney.C)Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney.D)Disputesovermoneymayrainarelationship.64.TheYouGovpollof2,000peopleindicatesthatinarecession______.A)conflictsbetweencouplestendtoriseB)itismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitupC)couplesshowmoreconcernforeachotherD)divorceandseparationratesincrease65.WhatdoesKimStephensonbelieve?A)Moneyisoftenasymbolofaperson'sstatus.B)Moneymeansagreatdealtobothandwomen.C)Menandwomenspendmoneyondifferentthings.D)Menandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways.66.Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould______.A)puttheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparatelyB)makeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilybudgetsC)discussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationshipD)avoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromanticPartⅤCloze(15minutes)Employersfeartheywillbeunabletorecruitstudentswiththeskillstheyneedastheeconomicrecoverykicksin,anewsurvey67.Nearlyhalfoftheorganizationstoldresearcherstheywerealreadystrugglingtofind68withskillsinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(STEM).69evenmorecompaniesexpecttoexperience70ofemployeeswithSTEMskillsinthenextthreeyears.TheConfederationofBritishIndustry71694businessesandorganizationsacrossthepublicand72sectors,whichtogetheremploy2.4millionpeople.Halfare73theywillnotbeabletofillgraduatepostsinthecomingyears,whileathirdsaidtheywouldnotbeableto74enoughemployeeswiththerightA-levelskills."75wemovefurtherrolerecoveryandbusinessesplan76growth,thedemandforpeoplewithhigh-qualityskillsandqualificationswill77."saidRichardLambert,DirectorGeneral,CBI."Firmssayitisalreadyhardtofindpeoplewiththeright78orengineeringskills.Thenewgovernmentmustmakeitatop79toencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudyscience-related80."Thesurveyfoundthatyoungpeoplewouldimprovetheirjobprospects81theystudiedbusiness,maths,EnglishandphysicsorchemistryatA-level.TheA-levelsthatemployers82leastarepsychologyandsociology.Andwhilemanyemployersdon'tinsistona83degreesubject.AthirdprefertohirethosewithaSTEM-relatedsubject.

87Theresearch84worriesaboutthelackofprogressinimprovingbasicskillsintheUK85.Halfoftheemployerexpressedworriesaboutemployees'basicliteracyandnumeracy（计算)skills,whilethebiggestproblemiswithITskills,86two-thirdsreportedconcerns.67.A)submitsB)revealsC)launchesD)generates68.A)audienceB)officialsC)partnersD)staff69.A)whileB)becauseC)forD)although70.A)exitsB)shortagesC)absencesD)departures71.A)surveyedB)searchedC)exposedD)exploited72.A)collectiveB)privateC)personalD)civil73.A)confrontedB)conformedC)concernedD)confused74.A)bindB)attainC)transferD)recruit75.A)LestB)UnlessC)BeforeD)As76.A)withB)forC)onD)by77.A)dominateB)stretchC)enforceD)intensify78.A)creativeB)technicalC)narrativeD)physical79.A)priorityB)optionC)challengeD)judgment80.A)proceduresB)academicsC)thoughtsD)subjects81.A)untilB)sinceC)whereasD)if82.A)rateB)discussC)orderD)observe83.A)typicalBparticularC)positiveD)general84.A)highlightedB)prescribedC)focusedD)touched85.A)massesB)workforceC)facultyD)communities86.A)whatB)whomC)whereD)whyPartⅣTranslation(5minutes)87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiesto___________________________(为地震幸存者筹款).88.Linda________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件）：otherwise,shewouldhavereplied.89.It'smymother_______________________________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudies.90.Thepublishinghousehasto_________________________________(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度).91.Itisabsolutelywrongto________________________________________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).2006年6月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingOnStudentsChoosingLecturersNowadays,someuniversitiesgivestudentstherighttochoosewhoteachessomeoftheirclasses.Thishasledtosomedebateoverwhetherstudentsshouldbegiventhismuchpower.

88Thereareseveralfactorsthatstudentsconsiderwhenchoosingalecturer,includingtheteachingstyleofthelecturer,thelecturer'sacademicbackground,andthelecturer'sreputationamongstudents.Theideallecturerisonewhohasaninterestingteachingstyle,adiverseacademicbackground,andagoodreputationamongstudents.Therearebothpositiveandnegativeaspectstoallowingstudentstochoosetheirlecturers.Givingstudentsthechoiceencouragesthemtotakeownershipfortheirclasses,andalsoputspressureonteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.However,thefactorsthatstudentsconsidermightnotbetheonesthatleadtothehighestqualityofeducation.Schoolsmightendupwithlecturerswhoteachinterestingclasseswithoutmuchcontent.PartIIReadingcomprehension1.N2.Y3.Y4.Y5.N6.NG7.N8.personalfreedomofmobility9.75percent10.hisvisionandleadershipPartⅢListeningComprehension11.A12.A13.C14.D15.C16.A17.B18.B19.B20.C21.D22.D23.C24.B25.D26.D27.A28.B29.A30.C31.B32.C33.D34.B35.A36.future37.trained38.admire39.schedule40.Considerate41.waste42.visible43.necessarily44.somethingthatissimplytherearoundthem,notsomethingtheycanuse45.thefastfoodindustrycanbeseenasaclearexampleofAmericanculturalproduct46.spreadaroundtheworld,theyhavebeenviewedassymbolsofAmericansocietyandculturePartIVreadingcomprehension47.Fphenomenon48.Bstrength49.Etropical50.Lbringing51.Kstarvation52.Jdestructive53.Nworth54.Aestimate55.Ostrike56.Icompletely57.D58.C59.A60.B61.C62.D63.B64.C65.C66.DPartVCloze67.C68.B69.A70.A71.D72.B73.D74.A75.C76.B77.C78.D79.D80.B81.C82.A83.C84.B85.D86.APartVITranslation87.findingthewaytothehistorymuseum88.Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(tofinancemyeducation)89.wehandinourresearchreport(s)90.themoreconfusedIam91.hewasfiredbythecompany2006年12月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingTheapproachoftheChineseLunarNewYearposesanationalissueconcerningthenecessityofholdingtheCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Itsestablishedstatusisbeingchallengedbyagrowingnumberofpeople,especiallyby

89youngergenerations.Itisincreasinglydifficulttocaterforalltastes.Someindividualsdeemthatitshouldbecanceledorreplacedbyotherprograms.TheseyoungpeoplefocustheirattentiononotherformsofcelebrationinsteadofimmersingthemselvesinTV.Despitethat,themajorityofmid-agedpeopleandseniorcitizensupholdtheimportanceofthetraditionalperformance.Themoststrikingfeatureofthisgalaisitstraditionallycloselinkwithordinarypeople’slives.MostofpeopleviewthisgalaasanannualstapleonthetraditionalChineseSpringFestivalEve.Theyallhavearestlessnightandgluetheireyesonthetelevision.Iamnotsupportiveoftheviewthatthegrandgalashouldbeabandoned.Undoubtedly,itplaysavitalroleinthecelebrationofChineseNewYear.Toincreaseitsappealandmeetyoungadults’need,theupcomingperformanceshouldinvitesomebignamesincludingsuperstarsfromHongKongandTaiwan.Wearealleagerlyanticipatingthisunforgettableeveningshow.PartIIReadingComprehension1.N2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.NG8.moveforward9.lookingback10.themoreyougetbackPartIIIListeningComprehension11.B12.C13.A14.C15.D16.B17.D18.A19.D20.C21.B22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.D29.C30.D31.A32.B33.B34.D35.A36.Natural37.Usage38.Exception39.Particular40.Reference41.Essays42.Colleagues43.Personal44.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite45.buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay“wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”46.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.PartIVReadingComprehension47.O48.K49.G50.J51.C52.N53.M54.I55.H56.D57.C58.B59.D60.A61.B62.C63.B64.D65.B66.CPartVCloze67.A68.B69.D70.A71.C72.D73.B74.A75.C76.B77.C78.A79.B80.D81.C82.D83.A84.B85.D86.CPartVITranslation87.adapttolivesindifferentcultures/adapt(oneself)tolivingindifferentcultures88.nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading89.wouldhaveachancetosurvive90.mightfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome/mightfeellonelywhenawayfromhome91.attherateof12millionpeopleperyear/atthespeedof12millionpeopleeveryyear2007年6月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingWelcometoOurClubHereisanannouncementtowelcomestudentstojointoourclub.Thisclubistohelpgraduatesgetsuitablejobs.Anditistimetoputyourlearningintopractice.

90Therearealotofbenefitsforjoiningus.Tobeginwith,manystudentshavenoideasofgettingajobaftergraduation,andthisclubmayofferyouachancetotouchthefieldofthejob-hunting.Inaddition,youmaymeetmanygraduatesintheclub,whoarelikelytohelpyouinthefuture.Inotherwords,youaretobeexposedtomanyopportunities.Andanotherbenefitisthatitisfreetojointheclub.Forthosewhoareinterestedinjoiningourclubpleaseemailusatjob-club@sina.com,orcontactusbycalling01066666666.Yourapplicationwillbeconsideredwithoutanydelay.PartIIReadingComprehension1.Y2.Y3.N4.Y5.NG6.N7.Y8.unwelcomeemails9.namesandcontactinformation10.economicgainPartIIIListeningComprehension11.C12.D13.B14.A15.C16.D17.D18.A19.C20.B21.A22.C23.B24.A25.C26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.B35.D36.meaning37.adjusting38.aware39.competition40.standards41.Accustomed42.semester43.Inquire44.Attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollegeorcutofffunds45.thinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives46.whoarenowyoungadults,mustbetheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyarePartIVReadingComprehension47.L48.G49.I50.D51.O52.F53.B54.M55.J56.C57.D58.B59.C60.B61.A62.B63.A64.C65.D66.CPartVCloze67.A68.B69.D70.C71.B72.C73.D74.A75.D76.B77.C78.A79.B80.C81.D82.A83.C84.B85.D86.APartVITranslation87.toconsiderthequalityofpeople’ssleep或takepeople’ssleepingqualityintoconsideration88.onefieldofourcooperation或thefieldinwhichwecancooperate89.decided/decides/hasdecidedtoquitthewatch90.contactusatthefollowingaddress91.atyourconvenience或ifitisconvenienttoyou2007年12月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingNowadays,thereusuallyexistsawideselectionofelectivesforcollegestudentstochoosefrom.However,studentshavequitedifferentplansfortheirfuturesotheyalwaysenduplearningcoursesbasedontheirownideas.　　Somestudentsmaychoosetolearnacertaincourseinordertoobtainanextracertificatefortheirjobhuntingaftergraduation.Becausetheyassumethatsomemoreknowledgecouldensuremorechancesofwinninginfinding

91agoodjob.Othersmayhavetheirchoicemadejustforfun.Theytendtoholdtheideathatcollegelifecouldbemorecolorfuliftheycouldwidentheirknowledgethroughelectivecourses.　　AsfarasI’mconcerned,I’minclinedtochooseelectivesbasedonboththevalueofthecoursesandtheinterestofmyown.PartIIReadingComprehension1.D)　2.C)　3.B)4.D)　5.A)6.C)　7.B)　8.changesinthevisaprocess9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome10.strengthenthenationPartIIIListeningComprehension11.C)12.D)13.B)14.A)15.D)16.B)17.D)18.C)19.A)20.C)21.B)22.A)23.C)24.A)25.D)　　26.A)27.B)28.C)29.D)30.B)31.A)32.D)33.C)34.A)35.B)　　36.alarming37.increased38.sheer39.disturbing40.comparison41.Proportion42.Workforce43.reverse44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals.46.SothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemploymentPartIVReadingComprehensionSectionA47.K.projects48.M.role49.A.acting50.J.offers51.D.cooperative52.G.forward53.F.especially54.I.information55.O.victims56.E.entire.SectionB57.A)58.C)59.D)60.C)61.B)62.D)63.B)64.C)65.A)66.B)　PartVCloze67)A68)C69)D70)A71)C72)B73)D74)B75)C76)A77)D78)A79)D80)C81)B82)A83)D84)B85)D86)APartVITranslation87.Thankstoaseriesofnewinventions88.Iammoreinclinedtogettiredthanbefore89.nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake90.theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving/itismore....91.ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow2008年6月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingAmongvariousrecipesoneenjoysinhisorhercollegelife,recreationalactivitiescanbynomeansbeignored.Itisnumerousactivities,suchasspokenEnglishcompetitions,sportsevents,andclubsandsocietiesofdifferentinterests,thathelptomakecampuslifecolorfulanddiversified.

92Facingsomanyinterestingextracurricularactivities,wecollegestudentshavetroubletochoosetheproperones.Asfreshmen,weareconfusedbyallkindsofpostersforstudents'clubstorecruitnewmembers.Therearetwooppositeviewsaboutrecreationalactivities.Onesaystheyexertpositiveinfluenceonastudent'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment,fortheycanexploreastudent'stalent,developastudent'sabilityincommunication,andteachthemtobemoreindependent.While,oppositevoicescanalsobeheardbyassertingthatrecreationalactivitieswastetoomuchtime,andthereforemayhinderstudentfromfocusingonhisorherstudy.Asforme,Iholdabeliefthatrecreationalactivitiesdomoregoodthanharm,becauseIhavealwaysbeenoftheimpressionthatasacollegestudent,heorshe,besidestheacademicinformation,shouldpickupmorepracticalskillstobebetterpreparedforthecareerdevelopment.Recreationalactivitiesdogiveusagoodchance.And,solongasonecanarrangethetimebyreason,activitiesbesidesstudywilldefinitelyprovidemorebenefitforusPartIIReadingComprehension1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D/B7.C8.quitehomogeneous9.relationshipswithconsumers10.mediaPartIIIListeningComprehension11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D21.C22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.B33.C34.C35.A36.labor37.ingredients38.vital39.individuals40.engage41.figures42.generating43.Currently44.willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.45.toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.46.Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath,PartIVReadingComprehension47.D48.H49.O50.G51.K52.J53.B54.N55.C56.A57.D58.C59.A60.B61.B62.A63.C64.B65.D66.DPartVCloze67.A68.D69.B70.B71.D72.C73.B74.C75.A76.B77.D78.A79.C80.C81.A82.B83.D84.B85.A86.CPartVITranslation87.能应用于新技术的开发canbeappliedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnology88.一定出了毛病Theremustbesomethingwrong/theremustbesomeerrors/problems89.不管是什么工作nomatterwhatkinditis/whateveritis90.与我成长的地方相比ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup91.直到他完成使命Notuntilhehadaccomplishedthetask2008年12月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingDisposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyusedinChina.Whenwewentshoppingatsupermarketsanddepartmentsstores,shoppingassistantsoftenprovidedfreeplasticbagsforourconvenience.Forawhile,lifewithoutthemseemedunimaginableformostofus.

93However,disposableplasticbagsdobringseveredamagetoourenvironment.Costumersusuallythrewthemawayafteruse,andbecausetheyarethinandhardtodecompose,theseplasticproductswillexistforalongtime.Thisisanimmediatethreattoourearthandwater.Nowadays,thegovernmenthaspassedrelevantregulationsforlimitingtheuseofdisposableplasticbags:theyarenotfreeanymore.Insomeshoppingplaces,inordertoinvokethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,plasticbagsareofferedinamuchhigherprice.Asaresult,peoplearechangingtheirbehavior:paperandclothingbagsthatvanishedforalongtimecomebacktoourdailylife.Itistruethatbylimitingitsusage,everyoneinthissocietycontributessomeefforttotheimprovementoftheenvironment.PartIIReadingComprehension1.A2.D3.B4.A5.C6.B7.D8.challenged9.canbeproudof10.staysilentPartIIIListeningComprehension11.D12.A13.C14.C15.D16.B17.A18.B19.A20.D21D22.C23.B24.C25.A26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B31.C32.D33.B34.C35.A37.Phenomenon38scene39offences40murder41particularly42explosion43Associated44.changingnationalboarders,greatereconomicgrowthandthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong45.arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeenaccompaniedAmericansformostofitshistory.46.failuretorecognizeandplanfordiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.PartIVReadingComprehension47.F)derive48.K)naturally49.H)escape50.G)diversity51.N)respect52.I)establishing53.B)characters54.A)abundant55.O)widen56.C)communicating57.C58.B59.A60.D61.B62.A63.D64.B65.A66.CPartVCloze67.A)68.D)69.A)70.B)71.D)72.C)73.C)74.A)75.B)76.D)77.A)78.C)79.D)80.C)81.B)82.A)83.D)84.B)85.C)86.A)PartVITranslation87.towhichtheystillhavenoanswerstoday.88.whatmostparentsareconcernedabout.89.incaseoftemperaturedrop.90.decidedtostarttheirownbusiness.91.untiladoctorfounditbychance.2009年6月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingNowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccessto

94thislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.Asauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome‘closed’daysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment.PartIIReadingComprehension1.A.2.C3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A8.veryembarrassed9.inclusiveness10.differencesandsimilaritiesPartⅢListeningComprehension11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.D17.C18.A19.B20.A21.C22.B23.C24.D25.A26.A27.B28.D29.C30.A31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B36.concentrated37.information38.Depends39.straight40.row41.Suspected42.phenomenon(现象)43.Efficiently44.oursecondruleoflearningisthis:itisbettertostudyfairlybrieflybutoften。45.Let’ssayyouaretryingtolearnsomenewandratherdifficultEnglishvocabularyusingastackofcards。46.Theanswerisitisbettertospaceoutthepresentationsofthewordyouaretolearn。PartIVreadingcomprehension47.Mrequire48.Ipainful49.Fespecially50.Eenormous51.Hmission52.Denhance53.Bdaily54.Jperformance55.Kprofession56Adaily57.A58.D59.D60.A61.B62.B63.C64.B65.D66.CPartVCloze67.D68.A69.B70.D71.D72.A73.D74.B75.D6.D77.A78.A79.D80.A81.B82.B83.C84.A85.B86.BPartVITranslation87.difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates88.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain89.morelikelytoputonweight90.Whatmanypeopledon’trealize91.closelyrelativetothelackofexercise2009年12月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingCreatingaGreenCampusRecently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusan

95ever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.PartⅡReadingComprehension1.B2.D3.C4.D5.B6.A7.C8.qualified9.recognizes10.excellencePartⅢListeningComprehension11. A12. B13. A14. B15. D16. C17. D18. A19. C20.B21. C22. A23. D24. B25. A26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.A32.C33.A34.D35.B36.classified37.background38.album39.appreciation40.context41.implies42.image43.instruments44.Descriptivewritinginhumanity,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting.45.Ittellsthereaderhowtodosomething,forexample,explainingthetechniqueusedtoshowafilm.46.Authorsmayactuallyusemorethanonetypeoftechniquesinthegivenpieceofinformationalwriting.PartIVReadingComprehension47.K48.J49.L50.C51.B52.H53.N54.G55.A56.E57.C58.B59.D60.B61.A62.A63.B64.D65.A66.CPartⅤCloze67.B68.D69.A70.C71.B72.A73.B74.D75.C76.D77.A78.C79.B80.A81.C82.D83.B84.C85.A86.DPartⅥTranslation87.hadfollowedmyinstructions/orders88.gaveuppursuingknowledge89.beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancers/beforewefindthecureforcancer90.keeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingdemandsofconsumers或keepupwiththeconstantlygrowingneedsofconsumers91.thefewerchancesyouwillhaveofcatchingacold2010年6月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling

96Nowadays,studentsattachlessimportancetothespellingofwordsintheprocessofEnglishstudy.Thisphenomenongreatlyinfluencesstudents’writingandbringsonworriesamongteachers.　　Therearepossiblythreereasonscontributingtothisphenomenon.First,exam-orientededucationmakesthestudentspaylessattentiontospelling.Second,someteachersshouldalsoberesponsibleforitbecausetheydon’temphasizetheimportanceofspellingduringteaching.Lastbutnotleast,somestudentsaretoolazytorecitewords.SincespellingisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinEnglishstudy,dueattentionshouldbegiventoit.Asforme,Ithink,first,examsshouldbemodifiedtoaddsomefactorsintoit,whichwouldhelpstudentspaymoreattentiontospelling.Then,schoolsshouldalsoseteffectivemechanismstohelpteachersaswellasthestudentstorealizetheimportance.Finally,forstudentsthemselves,theycan,throughotherways,makethembeinterestedinwordspelling.Onlybythesecanwesurlyrealizetheimportanceofspellingandmakeimprovement.partIIReadingComprehension1.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.hasanInternetAddiction9.forprofessionalhelp10.onlinedatingPartⅢListeningComprehension11.C)12.A)13.C)14.A)15.A)16.D)17.C)18.D)19.B)20.D)21.D)22.B)23.A)24.C)25.B)　　　26.B)27.D)28.B)29.B)30.C)31.D)32.D)33.B)34.A)35.C)36.Curious37.figuring38.Independent39.Unusual40.Interacting41.Formal42.Abstract43.mystery44.hehasfoundouthowitworksandlearntouseitappropriately45.bytryingitoutandseeingwhetheritworks,bygraduallychangingitandrefiningit46.includingmanyoftheconceptsthattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhimPartIVreadingcomprehension47.Gincredibly48.Kreplace49.Jreduced50.Lsense51.Hpowering52.Dexceptions53.Eexpand54.Ovast55.Fhistoric56.Iprotect57.C)58.A)59.C)60.C)61.A)62.B)63.A)64.C)65.C)66.B)PartVCloze67.B)68.B)69.B)70.B)71.B)72.D)73.A)74.A)75.B)76.D)　　77.A)78.D)79.C)80.D)81.B)82.D)83.D)84.A)85.C)86.A)PartVITranslation87.(in)concentratingontheexperiment/focusingherattentionontheexperiment.88.didshebecomeangry/didshelosehertemperbefore.89.beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony.90.(should)befixed/installedbythewindow91.thestrongoppositionofherparents/herparents’strongopposition.2010年12月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartⅠWriting　　HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentobeIndependent　　Nowadays,thereisagrowingconcernoversuchaphenomenon,thatis,someparentstakecareofalmosteverythingconcernedwiththeirchildren,includingstudy,work,marriage.Someparentsbelievethatthisislove,however,itisonlytodestroychildren’sindependence

97thoroughly.　　Forthefutureofthenextgeneration,moreeffortsshouldbemadebyparentstohelptheirchildrentobeindependent.Thefundamentaloneistocultivatetheawareness,namely,theimportanceandnecessityofbeingindependent,whichissupposedtobeginfromchildhood.Childrenshouldbetaughtthatnoonecanbestrongerandmorehelpfulthanthemselvesinthisworld.　　Thequalityofindependenceissoindispensableforusthatparentshadbetteractasatutor,notadictator.Andonlywithparents’trust,canthenextgenerationaccumulateconfidencestepbystep.PartⅡReadingComprehension1．A)2．D)3．B)4．D)5．B)6．B)7．C)8．Separated9．thewildworld10.harmonyPartⅢListeningComprehension11.C12.C13.D14.C15.B16.B17.A18.B19.A20.B21.D22.C23.A24.B25.A26.D27.A28.D29.D30.C31.A32.C33.C34.D35.B36.preserve37.Appreciate38.Households39.Chat40.Convenient41.Rates42.Receive43.submit44.Theyarealsosharinginformationaboutconcertsandsportsevents,aswellasjokesandtheirphilosophiesoflife.45.Ahand-writtennotetoafriendorafamilymemberisthebestwaytocommunicateimportantthoughts.46.Thiswritingpracticebringsrewardsthatcan’tbeseeninbankaccountsPartⅣ47.M)raised48.L)psychological49.E)contributions50.A)abilities51.B)achieve52.N)smart53.I)extent54.J)indicates55.G)essentially56.H)eventually57.C)58.A)59.B)60.D)61.A)62.D)63.B)64.A)65.A)66.B)PartⅤCloze67.D68.C69.D70.A71.B72.C73.B74.A75.B76.B77.C78.C79.C80.D81.C82.C83.A84.D85.C86.BPartⅥTranslation87．Inordertoensurehimtoattendthemeeting88．issaidtohavebeenbuilt89．withoutitsuniqueenvironment90．Whatimpressedthetouristsmost91．booksIborrowed(should)bereturnedtothelibrary2011年6月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWriting　　DoingShoppingOnline　　Withthehelpoftheeverrapiddevelopmentofinternettechnology,onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostof

98cities.　　Onlineshoppingiswelcomedbymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fromtheperspectiveofconsumer,itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon’thavemuchsparetime.Justclickthemouse,theycangetwhatevertheywantwhilestayingathome.Fortheretailers,itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon’thavemuchcirculatingfunds.Theydon’thavetorentahouseandspendmoneyonemployeescomparedwiththetraditionaltrademode.However,therearestillsomedefectsinonlineshopping.First,laceoffacetofacedealmakesonlineshoppinglessreliableandtrustworthy.Second,peoplewilllosethefunofbargain.　　Itisundeniablethatshoppingontheinternethasbecomeanirresistibletrendinmodernsociety.It’sofgreaturgencythatweneedtoregulatetherelativelawsaccordancewiththerapidgrowthofonlineshopping.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingtreated.PartIIReadingComprehension1.B.2.A.3.B.4.C.5.C.6.D7.B8.thelocalmarkets9.inaBritishway10.sharetheirmealsPartIIIListeningComprehension11.A.12.A.13.A14.D15.D16.C17.C18.B19.C20.D21.A22.D23.B24.B25.B26.C27.C28.D29.D30.A31.C32.A33.A34.A35.C　　36.Survive37.distant26.38.Backward39.Discovered40.Scientific41.Motion42.Predicted43.introduced44.thatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight,andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast.45.seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted.46.usedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock.PartIVReadingComprehension47Ntend48Lnegative49Hefficiently50Bassociated51Aalert52Jfunction53Fdefinitely54Oyounger55Econtinuing56Gdifferent27.57.D58.D59.A60.D61.A62.B63.A64.B65.D66D　　PartVCloze67.To68.Specific69.Key70.Different71.Prevent72.In73.Focus74.Over75.Rather76.Consumed77.Vital78.Amazed79.Contain80.Interact81.On82.Up83.Fill84.Avoid85.Doubt86.impact;PartVITranslation87.nordidtheyexplainwhy/thereason88.couldbeassigned(to)anotherjob89.attheriskofhisownlife90.turnedout(that)hisassistantansweredthecall/thephone91.hisfatherpersuaded/talkedhiminto2011年12月全国大学英语四级考试答案PartIWritingNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill

99Nothingrunssmoothlyinourlife.Toachievethingssuccessfully,astrongwillisessential.LifeislikeaMarathon.Manypeoplecan’tgettotheterminal.Thisisnotbecausetheyarelackofvitalitybutbecausetheirwillofsuccessisnotstrongenough.Totakequittingsmokingasanexample,someregarditasapieceofcake.Theymakeuptheirmindstoquititinthemorning,butintheeveningtheyfeelthatthesmellofcigarettesistempting.Theirthroatsaresore,theirmouthsarethirsty,andtheirhandsareshaking.Afterthepainfulmentalstruggle,theytellthemselvesthat“Onecigaretteisenough.Justtakeone,andthenextdayIwillquitit.”Bydoingthis,theysurrendertotheirweakwill.Intheend,theyhavequitedsmoking“ahundredtimes”,butinnotimetheysucceed.Justlikequittingsmoking,nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill.Tobesuccessfulinone’slife,astrongwillmeansthatyouknowwhereyougoandyouwillpersistontheroadyouchoose.Undoubtedlysuccessbelongstothosewhoovercometheirweakwillandwhohanginthereuntilthelastminute.PartIIReadingComprehension1.A2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.A8.stealagrade9.honestyandgoodfaith10.theWatergatescandalPartIIIListeningComprehension11.B)12.A)13.B)14.A)15.A)16.B)17.D)18.B)19.B)20.B)21.C)22.B)23.B)24.C)25.B)26.A)27.A)28.C)29.A)30.A)31.D)32.D)33.A)34.B)35.A)36.company37.single38.completely39.vacation40.sewn41.electricity42.Evidence43.journey44.Irememberbeingcarefullytaughtthatindependencenotinterdependencewaseverything45.whatmyparentsweretryingtoteachmewastotakeresponsibilitiesformyactionsandmychoices.　　46.Iwoulddoalmostanythingnottobeaburden,andnotrequireanyhelpfromanybody.PartIVReadingComprehension47growth48stable49challenges50certainly51role52combined53significant54included55comprise56solutions57.C58.A59.C60.A61.C62.C63.D64.A65.D66.CPartVCloze67.reveals68.staff69.while70.shortages71.surveyed72.private73.concerned74.recruit75.As76.for77.intensify78.technical79.priority80.subjects81.if82.rate83.particular84.highlighted85.workforce86.wherePartVITranslation87.raisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake88.couldn’thavereceivedmye-mail89.who/thatkeepsencouragingmenottogiveup90.considerthepopularityofthisnovel.91.definehappinessonly/merelybymoney