大学英语四级试题和答案

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大学英语四级试题和答案PartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic“Education:Examination-OrientedorQuality-Oriented”.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:　　1.应试教育现状及其原因;　　2.素质教育的优点;　　3.你的观点。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash　　TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.　　Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInc.,aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,Fla.,dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.　　“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.　　Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAmazon.comInc.,paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.　　LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.　　LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.　　AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

1　　Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1.50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized”content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.　　Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.　　SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,Fla.,leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.　　Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks—payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.　　AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.　　Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInc.,forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.　　KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,La.,discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.　　Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.　　Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(turkers.proboards80.com),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.　　Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.　　Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30

2hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.　　“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”　　1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?　　A)Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.　　B)Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.　　C)AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.　　D)Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.　　2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere___________.　　A)peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely　　B)professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree　　C)peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert　　D)clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers　　3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?　　A)BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.　　B)BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.　　C)BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.　　D)BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.　　4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?　　A)$3to$3.5.B)$10.C)$6.5to$7.D)$5.　　5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto_________.　　A)labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph　　B)serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed　　C)helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase　　D)findsomeone’semailaddress　　6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?　　A)Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.　　B)Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.　　C)Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.　　D)Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.　　7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?　　A)Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.　　B)Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.　　C)TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.　　D)Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.　　8.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowto______________.　　9.LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualificationsthroughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonits_______.　　10.AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom______________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　■SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestions

3willbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.　　11.A)ItwillbebettertosaynothingtoPaul.　　B)Paulhimselfwillcometotalktothem.　　C)ThemanshouldbetheonetospeaktoPaul.　　D)ThemanshouldreplacetheradiobeforeshetalkstoPaul.　　12.A)NotgiveanysuggestionstoJack.　　B)NotseeJackanymore.　　C)NotlistentoJack’swords.　　D)NotsavehiswordsonJack.　　13.A)Theyshouldgiveuptalking.　　B)Theyshouldbothmakeacompromise.　　C)Theycanmeetnexttime.　　D)Theyarebothhalfway.　　14.A)Helikesringsverymuch.　　B)Heoftenburnsholesinhisnewcoats.　　C)He’sveryextravagantwithmoney.　　D)Heisverypoor.　　15.A)Shemissedthebus.　　B)Shecaughtthebus.　　C)Shegotupfiveminutesearlierthanusual.　　D)Shelikesgettingupearlyinthemorning.　　16.A)Inthelibrary.　　B)Inthecollegebookstore.　　C)Atanews-stand.　　D)Atadepartmentstore.　　17.A)Teacherandstudent.　　B)Doctorandpatient.　　C)Managerandofficeworker.　　D)Travelagentandcustomer.　　18.A)Movethewashingmachinetothebasement.　　B)Turnthebasementintoaworkshop.　　C)Repairthewashingmachine.　　D)Finishherassignment.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Shewillgotoseeherbrother.　　B)ShewillgotoHawaiiwithherfamily.　　C)Shewillstayathomewithherfamily.　　D)Shewillfindapart-timejob.　　20.A)Veryexciting.B)Toobad.　　C)Veryboring.D)Nottoobad.　　21.A)Anewbicycle.B)Anewdictionary.　　C)Anewcomputer.D)Anewcellphone.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

4　　22.A)Shehasagoodchancetostudyabroadbutshedoesn’thaveenoughmoney.　　B)Herparentsdon’twanthertogotoofarawayfromthem.　　C)Shewon’thaveasmanyvacationsasshehasasastudent.　　D)Shewantstostudyabroadbutshehasbeenofferedagoodjob.　　23.A)Itisnotasgoodasstudyingabroad.　　B)Hethinksbeingateacherisboring.　　C)Itisagoodopportunity.　　D)Hethinksthesalaryforthejobistoolow.　　24.A)Askingherfriendsforadvice.　　B)Makingthechoicebyherself.　　C)Askingherparentsforadvice.　　D)Askingherteachersforadvice.　　25.A)ChoosetobeanEnglishteacher.　　B)Giveupbothopportunities.　　C)Studyoverseas.　　D)TeachEnglishforafewyearsbeforegoingabroad.　　■SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A)About40%.B)About46%.C)About80%.D)About54%.　　27.A)PeopleinSouthKoreaarenolongerinterestedinHollywoodmovies.　　B)ItismuchcheapertoseealocalmoviethanaHollywoodone.　　C)Hollywood’sfilmsarenotasgoodasbefore.　　D)SouthKorea’sfilmindustryhasdevelopedalot.　　28.A)TheyarereleasingthemoviesfirstinAmericaandtheninothercountries.　　B)TheyarereleasingthemoviesinAmericaandothercountriesatthesametime.　　C)Theysendpeoplewhosellillegallycopiedmoviestocourt.　　D)TheyencouragepeopletobuylegalDVDsbygivingahighdiscount.　　29.A)ManypeoplebelievethatDVDsarenotofgoodquality.　　B)PeoplearemorelikelytogetmoviesfromtheInternet.　　C)SomepeoplethinkthatDVDsareveryexpensive.　　D)PeoplelikewatchingTVbetterthanwatchingDVDs.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.A)Once.B)Twice.　　C)Threetimes.D)Fourtimes.　　31.A)Hewasthepresidentwiththelongestpresidency.　　B)HeledtheAmericanpeoplethroughtheGreatDepression.　　C)HeledtheAmericanpeoplethroughtheFirstWorldWar.　　D)HewasthemostinfluentialpresidentinAmericanhistory.　　32.A)OnApril12,1944.B)OnApril12,1945.

5　　C)OnJuly12,1944.D)OnJuly12,1945.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.A)Cookingfood.B)Boilingwater.　　C)Killingbacteria.D)Generatingelectricity.　　34.A)Theparaboliccooker.B)Thepanelcooker.　　C)Theboxcooker.D)It’snotmentioned.　　35.A)SolarCookers　　B)HowtoUseSolarOvens　　C)HowtoCookMeals　　D)HowtoChooseSolarOvens　　■SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　Somepeople’searsproducewaxlikebusylittlebees.Thiscanbeaproblemeventhoughearwaxappearstoserveanimportantpurpose.Expertssayitprotectsandcleanstheear.It(36)_______dirtandothermatterandkeeps(37)_______out.Doctorsthinkitmightalsohelpprotectagainst(38)_______.Andthewaxyoilkeepsearsfromgettingtoodry.Soearwaxisgood.Itevenhasamedicalname:cerumen.Therearetwokindsofcerumen.Mostpeopleof(39)_______orAfricanancestryhavethe“wet”kind:thickand(40)_______.EastAsianscommonlyhave“dry”earwax.　　Butyoucanhavetoomuchofagoodthing.Theglandsintheearcanalthatproducethewaxmaketoomuchinsomepeople.Earwaxisnormally(41)_______;itfallsoutoftheearorgetswashedaway.Butextrawaxcan(42)_______andformablockagethat(43)_______withsoundwavesandreduceshearing.(44)_____________________　　_______________________.Earwaxremovalissometimesnecessary.Butyouhavetouseasafemethodoryoucoulddoalotofdamage.Expertssuggestsomewaystotreatexcessiveearwaxyourself.(45)_________________________.Anotherwaytoremovewaxisknownasirrigation.Withtheheadupright,takeholdoftheouterpartoftheear.Gentlypullupwardtostraightentheearcanal.(46)__________________　　____________________________.Thenturntheheadtothesidetoletthewaterout.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　■SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　RockandrollisagenreofpopularmusicthatevolvedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1940sandearly1950s.

6Its47liemainlyinblues,rhythmandblues,country,folk,gospel,andjazz.Thestylesubsequentlyspreadtotherestoftheworldanddevelopedfurther,leadingultimatelyto48rockmusic.　　Theterm“rockandroll”nowcoversatleasttwodifferentmeanings,bothincommonusage.TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryandtheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryboth49rockandrollassynonymouswithrockmusic.　　50,Allwords.comdefinesthetermasreferringspecificallytothemusicofthe1950s.　　Classicrockandrollis51playedwithoneortwoelectricguitars,astringbassoranelectricbassguitar,andadrumkit.Inthe52rockandrollstylesofthelate1940s,eitherthepianoorsaxophonewasoftentheleadinstrument,buttheseweregenerally53orsupplementedbytheguitarinthemiddletolate1950s.　　Themassivepopularityandeventualworldwideviewofrockandrollgaveita54socialimpact.Farbeyondsimplyamusicalstyle,rockandroll,asseeninmoviesandinthenewmediumoftelevision,55lifestyles,fashion,attitudes,andlanguage.Itwentontospawnvarioussub-genres,oftenwithouttheinitially56backbeat,thatarenowmorecommonlycalledsimply“rockmusic”or“rock”.　　A)defineI)followed　　B)characteristicJ)modern　　C)uniqueK)explanation　　D)rootsL)Conversely　　E)usuallyM)replaced　　F)BasicallyN)prepare　　G)earliestO)seldom　　H)influenced■SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Accordingtoareport,around30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoollastyearwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old.MPs(国会议员)warnedthatmanyyoungpeoplewouldneed“expensive”remediallessonsinlaterlifetogetajob—posingmajorproblemsfortheeconomy.ThefindingscamejustmonthsafterOfsted(教育标准办公室)claimedalmosthalfofmathlessonsinEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.Itsaidmanyteachersreliedontextbooksandmundaneexercisestomakesurepupilspassedexamsattheexpenseofaproperunderstandingofthesubject.MPsbackedtheconclusions,sayingtoomanypupilsfoundlessons“boring”.TheyinsistedimprovementshadbeenmadeunderLaborbutachievementhad“leveledoff”inrecentyears.　　In2008,79percentofpupilsmettheGovernment’sexpectedstandardattheendofprimaryschool,wellshortofthe85percenttargetsetfor2006.Aroundfivepercentmovedtosecondaryschoolwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old,saidthecommittee.In2006,￡2.3billionwasspentteachingthesubject.Itequatestoaroundaquarterofthe￡10billiontotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaff.　　ThereportsaidtheDepartmentforChildren,SchoolsandFamilies(DCSF)neededto“radicallyrethinkitsstrategyforimprovingpupilattainment;otherwiseweseriouslydoubtthatthedepartmentwillmeetits2011target”.Thetargetdemandsthat84.5percentofpupilswillmakethenecessaryprogressbetween7and11.　　Lastyear,theDCSFpublishedamajorreviewofmatheducationinEnglandtobooststandards.Itcalledforamathspecialistineveryprimaryschoolwithin10yearsandmoreemphasisonmathematical“play”innurseryschools.Mr.Leighsaid,“Thedepartment’s10-yearprogramtotrain13,000specialistmathteacherswillnotbenefitsomeprimaryschoolsforanotherdecade.That’sfartoolong;thedepartmentneedstolookforwaystoacceleratetheprogram.”SarahMcCarthyFry,theSchoolsMinister,said,“Wehavealreadyacceptedthemain

7recommendationfromarecentindependentreviewofprimarymaththateveryschoolshouldhaveaspecialistmathteacherandhavepledged￡24millionoverthenextthreeyearsforatrainingprogramforteachers.”　　NickGibb,theToryshadowschoolssecretary,said,“TheGovernmentisnotgettingvalueforthemoneytheyhavepiledintoeducationandthecountryisfallingbehindininternationalleaguetablesasaresult.TheGovernmenthasfailedtoreplacemethodsofteachingwhichhavefailedwithtriedandtestedmethodsusedincountriesthathavemuchhigherlevelsofmathachievement.”57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?　　A)30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoolwithpoormathskills.　　B)MPsinsistmoreimprovementsshouldbemadeunderLabor.　　C)Youngpeopleneedmedicallessonstogetajob.　　D)HalfofEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.　　58.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedin2006?　　A)21%ofpupilsdidn’tmeettheGovernment’sexpectedstandard.　　B)Thetargetsetfor2006was87percent.　　C)￡2.3billionwasspentonmathteaching.　　D)Thetotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaffwas￡5billionin2006.　　59.WhatwillpeopleprobablydotoimprovematheducationinEngland?　　A)Spendmoneyontrainingspecialistmathteachers.　　B)Hireamathspecialistforeveryprimaryschool.　　C)Allowpupilstohavemoremathematical“play”.　　D)Spendmoretimeonmatheducation.　　60.WhatdoNickGibb’swordsmean?　　A)TheBritishgovernmentshouldputmoremoneyintomatheducation.　　B)Britainisfallingbehindintheinternationalknowledgecompetition.　　C)TheBritishgovernmentshouldlearnfromothercountries’failures.　　D)TheBritishgovernmentshouldchangetheirteachingmethodseveryfewyears.　　61.What’sthepassagemainlytalkingabout?　　A)Therearen’tenoughmathteachersinBritishprimaryschools.　　B)TheBritishgovernmentdidn’tspendenoughmoneyonmatheducation.　　C)Britishpupilsarenotgoodatmath.　　D)MathlessonsinBritishprimaryschoolsneedtobeimproved.　PassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Bananas,alwaysthefashionvictimsoftheproducesection,arewearinganothernewlabelthisspring.Bananaswith“FairTradeCertified”stickershavebeenavailableintheUnitedStatessinceOctober.Theyrepresentthenewfrontofaninternationalefforttohelpfirst-worldconsumersimprovethelivingstandardsofthethird-worldfarmerswhogrowmuchoftheirfood.　　Byexpandingitsreachtotheproducesection,FairTradeisnowtryingtoreachtheAmericansupermarketshopper.FairTradedealsdirectlywithfarmercooperatives.Ithelpsorganize,avoidingbrokers(代理人)andmiddlemen.Itguaranteeshigherpricesforthefarmers’goodsandhelpsthemsetupschoolsandhealthclinics.　　TheFairTrademovementtookrootinEuropeinthe1990’sasawayofbolsteringcoffeefarmersaspriceswerecollapsing.SinceFairTradebegan,morethanamillioncoffeegrowersandotherfarmershavejoinedcooperativesthatselltheirproductsthroughFairTradechannelsinsteadofdirectlytoacommercialproducer.　　NoteveryoneisgreetingtheFairTradelabelwithopenarms.SeveralAmericancoffeeimportersrecently

8pulledoutofFairTrade,citingTransFair’s“corporatefriendly”policiesthatallowlargecompaniestousetheFairTradelogointheirmarketingevenifonlyasmallamountofthecompany’soverallpurchasesareFairTradecertified.　　EdmundLaMacchia,thenationalproducecoordinatorforWholeFoods,saidFairTradeisonlyoneofmanyconsumerchoices.“WholeFoodshasitsownteamofinspectorsandhasnoplanstocarryFairTradeproducts”,Mr.LaMacchiasaid.“OurstandardsarehigherthanFairTrade’s,actually.”FairTradeisonlyoneofseverallabelsyourbananasmightbewearingthisyear.AnotheristhatoftheRainforestAlliance,whichcertifiestheuseofsustainableagriculturemethods.　　Sofar,though,FairTradeisthebiggest.AFairTradelabelbyitselfdoesnotguaranteeanorganicproduct,butmostFairTradebananasarealsoorganic,Ms.Bourquesaid,becausepesticidesareusuallytoocostlyforthesmallfarmerswhogrowthem.Ifthebananasareorganic,theywillbelabeledassuch,andwillprobablybewearingastickertoproveit.　　62.Whyarebananaswearing“FairTradeCertified”stickers?　　A)Itmeansbananasarethefashionvictimsoftheproducesection.　　B)Itmeansbananashavegotanewlabel.　　C)ItmeansbananaswiththesestickersareavailableintheUnitedStates.　　D)Itrepresentsaninternationalefforttohelpthethird-worldfarmers.　　63.WhatdoesFairTradedo?　　A)Ithelpsfarmersselltheirproductsforahigherprofit.　　B)Itappointsbrokersandmiddlementodealwithfarmercooperatives.　　C)Itbringsdownthepriceoffarmers’goods.　　D)ItsetsupschoolsandhealthclinicsforAmericanfarmers.　　64.WhatwastheoriginalpurposeoftheFairTrademovement?A)Tocooperatewithcoffeegrowersandotherfarmers.　　B)Tohelpcoffeefarmersaspriceswerecollapsing.　　C)Topreventfarmersfromsellingtheirproductstocommercialproducers.　　D)Tosellproductsthroughcoffeegrowersandotherfarmers.　　65.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?　　A)AmericancoffeeimporterswillneverbuytheirproductsthroughFairTradechannels.　　B)FairTradeistheonlylabelthatbananasmightbewearingthisyear.　　C)NoteveryconsumerconsidersFairTradeproductstheonlychoice.　　D)WholeFoodsandtheRainforestAlliancearemoreinfluentialthanFairTrade.　　66.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?　　A)HelpingtheThirdWorld:OneBananaataTime　　B)ConsumersFaceMoreChoices　　C)FairTrade—theBestSticker　　D)TheFairTradeMovementPartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.　　Everyoneknowshandwashingisimportant.Butanewstudyshowshowwashingyourhands67,andattherighttime,canhaveabigimpactonyourfamily’sriskofgettingsick.

9　　Moststudiesonhandwashingfocuson68andfoodserviceworkers.Butthismonth’sAmericanJournalofInfectionControlfocusesonwashinghandsat69asawaytostopinfectionsfrom70.Severalstudiesshowhandsarethesinglemostimportant71routeforalltypesofinfections.　　Eventhoughmostpeopleknowtowashtheirhandsafterusingthetoiletorhandlingadiaper(尿布),studies72manypeoplearestillendingupwithgermsontheirhands.　　Onestudylookedinhomesof73recentlyvaccinatedagainstpolio(脊髓灰质炎).Aftervaccination,thevirusis　　74tobeshedinthebaby’sfeces(粪便).Researchersfoundtheviruson13percentofbathroom,livingroomandkitchensurfaces.75thevirusfromthevaccinedidn’tposeahealthrisk,feces-bornevirusescan76throughthehome.　　Doorknobsandtoiletflushhandlesarekey77ofgermtransmissioninthehome.That’swhypeopleshouldfocusoncleaningsuchsurfaces78andalwayswashtheirhandsaftertouchingthem.Inonestudy,a79touchedadoorhandlecontaminatedwithavirus.Hethenshookhands80othervolunteers,andspreadthevirustosixpeople.　Thestudyauthorsnotethatthetimingofhandwashingiskey.It’s81towashhandsafterusingthetoilet,beforeeatingorhandlingfood.Othercrucialtimesforhandwashingareafter82adiaperorcleaningupafterapet,oraftertouchinggarbagecans,dishragsandutensilsthatmayhavecome83contactwithrawfood.　　Whileitmaybehardto84thatsomethingassimpleasregularhandwashingcanmakeadifferenceinyourfamily’shealth,considerwhathappenedduringthe2003outbreakofSARS.Theoutbreak85extensivepublicandcommunityhealthmeasures,includingregularhandwashing.NotonlywastheSARSoutbreakcontained,86othercasesofillnessesdroppedsharply.　　67.A)occasionallyB)oftenC)sometimesD)repeatedly　　68.A)chemicalB)physicalC)medicalD)mental　　69.A)homeB)clinicsC)hospitalsD)school　　70.A)livingB)spreadingC)survivingD)going　　71.A)transmitB)transferC)transferringD)transmission　　72.A)claimB)agreeC)suggestD)object　　73.A)parentsB)teachersC)adultsD)infants　　74.A)knownB)saidC)movedD)added　　75.A)WhenB)WhileC)WhyD)Which　　76.A)travelB)goC)flyD)float　　77.A)questionsB)opportunitiesC)ideasD)sources　　78.A)alwaysB)frequentlyC)regularlyD)actually　　79.A)volunteerB)babyC)workerD)person　　80.A)inB)onC)withD)through　　81.A)uselessB)obviousC)interestingD)thankful　　82.A)takingB)usingC)changingD)bringing　　83.A)ofB)forC)fromD)into　　84.A)dreamB)knowC)figureD)believe　　85.A)triggeredB)startedC)helpedD)saved　　86.A)yetB)whileC)butD)sincePartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.　　87.Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathe_____________(诉诸武力).

10　　88.Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,theshouldersandtheback__________________(主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的).　　89.Thisoccupation____________________(关注于计划和监督)thearrangementofexhibitionsofcollections.　　90.____________________(令学生失望的是),thebookstheyneededweresoldoutatthebookstore.　　91.Anumberofwomeninterviewedfound___________________________(获得提升很难).【参考答案】　　PartIWriting　　Onepossibleversion:　　Education:Examination-OrientedorQuality-Oriented　　Fromprimaryschooltocollege,students,teachersandparentsallarestrugglingforhighscores.Thisisbecausethecurrenteducationsystemisnotaimedatquality,butonlyatdevelopingstudents’abilitytoperformwellontests.Asaresult,manystudents,eventhosewithhighscores,oftendopoorlywhenitcomestothepracticalapplicationofwhatthey’velearned.　　Therefore,Chinaischallengingexamination-orientededucationbyadvocatingquality-orientededucation.Thealternativewillfocusonthestudents’abilityasawhole.Theexamresultswillnolongerplayakeyroleinevaluatingastudent.　　Personally,Ifirmlybelieveintheeffectivenessofthisnewpolicy.Ihaveseeninmymind’seyethemorededicatedstudy,thelooserenvironment,yetthemorecreativemindsofthefuturestudents.Oureducation,sotospeak,willbringupanewgeneration.PartIIReadingComprehension　　(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.B)。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述的是“有更多的人利用自己掌握的专业知识或技术在网上赚钱”。　　2.D)。参见第二段“LivePersonInc.,aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.”可知，在LivePerson网站上，咨询者付费后可向该网站上各领域的专业人士咨询。　　3.B)。参见第四段“Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.”可知，该网站越来越受欢迎是因为有更多的人转向网络寻找工作。　　4.C)。参见第七段末句“Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.”可知，网站从咨询者交的钱中提取30%到35%的佣金，所以，剩下的部分应该是由那些网络“专家”获得，按照比列应该是65%到70%。　　5.C)。根据第十五段“beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase”可知，MechanicalTurk最初的设计目的是“帮助Amazon管理它的产品数据库”。6.D)。根据倒数第四段“MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(turkers.proboards80.com),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.”可知，TurkerNation是一个专门提供公司业务需求信息和支付情况的网站，网络“专家”在为某家公司提供服务之前，可以对这家公司的业务记录有一个了解。　　7.C)。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，Ms.Knutson目前将大部分时间用于为客户转录网络视频和音频。　　8.applyforfinancialaid。参见第五段最后一句“AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.”可知，AssociatedContent网站向人们征集稿件，稿件涉及的范围很广，从建造生态花园到申请经济援助。

11　　9.communityreviews。参见第七段“LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.”可知，LivePerson对这些在网上用知识和技术赚钱的人会进行审核，例如行医许可或经济师证书等，通过以社区论坛为主的第三方进行认证。　　10.100differentcountries。参见第十四段“AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries...”可知，MTurk现在有来自100个国家的20万名“网络员工”。PartIIIListeningComprehension　　11-15CABCA16-20BCDBD　　21-25CDCCA26-30BDBBD　　31-35BBDCA36.traps　　37.insects38.infections39.European40.sticky　　41.expelled42.harden　　43.interferes　　44.Peoplecanalsocauseablockagewhentheytrytocleanouttheirears—butonlypushthewaxdeeperinside　　45.Theysaythewaxcanbesoftenedwithmineraloil,oreardrops　　46.Useadevicetogentlydirectwateragainstthewalloftheearcanal　　TapeScriptofListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.　　11.M:WouldyoutellPaulIamsorrythatIlosthisradio?　　W:Hadn’tyoubettertellhimyourself?　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?　　12.M:ItoldJackmanytimes,butheneverseemedtolistentome.　　W:You’dbettersaveyourenergy.Heneverlistenedtoothers’advice.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?　　13.W:Maybewearejustwastingeachother’stimediscussingthissillyproject.　　M:Don’tyouthinkweshouldmeeteachotherhalfway?　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　14.W:Yousee,Tomisbuyingthatexpensivering.　　M:Moneyburnsaholeinhispocket.Hewon’thaveanymoneyleftwithintwodays.　　Q:WhatcanweinferaboutTom?　　15.M:Didyoucatchtheschoolbusthismorning?　　W:IwouldhaveifIhadgottenup5minutesearlier.　　Q:Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?　　16.M:I’dliketoreturnthistextbook.Somepagesaremissing.　　W:You’llhavetoseethemanageraboutthat.　　Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelytakeplace?　　17.W:Mr.Smith,Iwonderwhetherit’spossibleformetotakeavacationearlynextmonth?

12　　M:Didyoufilloutarequestform?　　Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?　　18.M:Maryisinthebasementtryingtorepairthewashingmachine.　　W:Shouldn’tshebeworkingonhertermpaper?　　Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkMaryshoulddo?　　Nowyou’llheartwolongconversations.　　ConversationOne　　M:Thissemesterhasgonesoquickly!Ourexamsarecomingtoanend.　　W:Yes,I’msoexcitedaboutthecomingwintervacation.Ihavemadeallthearrangementsformyvacation.　　M:Whatareyouplanningtodo?　　W:Well,myfamilyandIhaveatripplannedtoHawaii.Itwillbeagreatplacetospendsuchacoldwinter.Besides,we’vebeentalkingaboutgoingthereforyears,andwefinallywenttoanagentandplannedthewholethingout.　　M:Wow!Thatdoessoundexciting.Iamalsodreamingaboutatripthere,butunfortunately,Ihaveneverhadachance.　　W:I’msureyou’llbeabletogosometimesoon.So,what’syourplanforthewinterholiday?　　M:Iintendtolookforapart-timejobtosavealittlemoneyfornextyear.Itwillalsobeagoodexperience.　　W:Thatdoesn’tsoundtoobad,either.　　M:Youknow,Ireallywanttobuyanewcomputernextsemester,soIhavetosaveasmuchmoneyaspossible.　　W:Yeah,Irememberyoutellingmethatbefore.　　M:I’drathermyparentsdidn’tpayforit.I’dfeelproudofmyselfifIboughtitwiththemoneyIearned.　　W:Soundslikeyouhaveagoalthiswinter.　　M:Yes.Nextsemesteryou’llhavetotellmeallaboutyourtrip!　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.Whatisthewoman’splanforthewintervacation?　　20.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’splanforthewintervacation?　　21.Whatdoesthemanwanttobuynextsemester?　　ConversationTwo　　M:Hi,Maggie.Haveyoumadeupyourmind?　　W:What?　　M:Imean,haveyoudecidedtostudyabroadortofindajobaftergraduation?　　W:Ihaven’tmademydecisionyet.It’saharddecision.　　M:Why’sthat?Justacoupleofdaysago,youweretellingmehowmuchyouwantedtogooverseastostudy.　　W:Yes,butavacancyjustopenedupintheEnglishDepartment.　　M:So?　　W:TheyofferedmeapositionteachingEnglish.SonowIdon’tknowwhattodo.　　M:Whatagreatopportunity!Iseewhatyoumeanthough,atoughchoice.　　W:I’vebeenpreparingandstudyingtogoabroad.I’vespentalotoftimeandenergy,andIhatetoseeitallgotowaste.　　M:Don’tthinkaboutittoomuch.Thejobsoundslikeanexcellentopportunity.Youshouldgrabitwhenyouhavethechance.　　W:I’dliketo,butIstillfeellikeIshouldthinkaboutitsomemore.　　M:Ifyoucan’tmakeyourdecisiononyourown,Isupposeyoucouldaskyourparentsforadvice.

13　　W:Comeon!Myparentsdon’twantmetoofarawayfromthem.Idon’tthinktheywouldallowmetogotoAmerica.　　M:Oh,toobad!Butyoushouldkeepyourparents’feelingsinmind.　　W:Maybeyouareright.Beingateacherisn’tbad,right?　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.Whycan’tthewomanmakeuphermind?　　23.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’sjoboffer?　　24.Whatistheman’sadvicetothewoman?　　25.Whatwillthewomanmostprobablydo?　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).　　PassageOne　　HollywoodisincreasinglylookingoutsideAmerica’sbordersforstarsandprofit.　　JonathanTaplinisaprofessorattheUSCAnnenbergSchoolforCommunicationattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Hesaysthattoday,about54percentoftheticketsalesforHollywoodstudiosnowcomefromoutsidetheUnitedStates.　　Forthelastthreemonthsof2007,foreignsalestotaledabout880milliondollars.Butthereisfiercecompetitionforeachmoviedollar.　　Hollywoodhaslostmarketshareinsomeplacesasothercountriesdeveloptheirownfilmindustries.Forexample,inthemid1980s,Americanfilmshad80percentofthemarketinSouthKorea.Todaythatshareisabout40percent.　　Hollywoodalsofacescompetitionfromillegallycopiedmovies,amajorissuetotheMotionPictureAssociationofAmerica.Thetradegroupestimatedmorethan18billiondollarsinworldwidelossesfrompiracyin2005.　　HollywoodreporterAlanSilvermansayspiracyhasinfluencedhowAmericanmoviesarereleased.Inthepast,HollywoodstudioswaitedmonthsaftertheAmericanreleaseofafilmtoreleaseitinforeignmarkets.Now,manyaimtoreleasefilmsatthesametimearoundtheworld.　　Foreignmarketsmayalsoinfluencehowpeoplegettheirmovies.Differentnationshavedifferentlevelsoftechnology.　　Effortstosettleonthenext-generationDVDgotalotofattentionrecently.Sony’sBlu-raytechnologyforhigh-definitiontelevisionswonthecompetitionwithToshiba’sHDDVDformat.　　YetDVDsaleshavedroppedinrecentyears.ThismaybeasignthatpeopleareincreasinglygettingtheirmoviesofftheInternet.TheInternetisanotherfrontinHollywood’swaronpiracy.Butmorethanthat,itpresentscomplexbusinessquestionsforanindustrynowbuiltmostlyonDVDandticketsales.　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.WhatpercentageofticketsalesforHollywoodstudioscomefrominsidetheUnitedStates?　　27.WhyhasHollywoodlostmarketshareinSouthKorea?　　28.WhatareAmericanmoviecompaniesdoingtofightagainstpiracy?　　29.WhyhaveDVDsalesdroppedinrecentyears?　　PassageTwo　　FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasoneofthemostinfluentialpresidentsinAmericanhistory.Hewaselectedpresidentfourtimes.Heservedmorethan12years,longerthananyotherpresident.Heledthenationthroughits

14worsteconomiccrisis,andthroughoneofitsworstwars.　　FranklinRooseveltwasfirstelectedpresidentin1932.AstheDemocraticcandidate,hedefeatedPresidentHerbertHoover.Americansweresufferingthroughaterribleeconomicdepression.About25percentofAmericanworkershadlosttheirjobs.Theyhadnomoney.Theyhadnohope.Theywaitedinlonglinestoreceivefreefood.Americansdidnotknowifthenewpresidentcouldendtheeconomiccrisis.　　OnthedayFranklinRooseveltwaselectedasthenewpresident,hepromised,“Thisgreatnationwillendureasithasendured,willreviveandwillprosper.So,firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.”Duringthenextthreemonths,heledCongressinpassingmoremajornewprogramsthanwhatthenationhadseenformanyyears.PresidentRooseveltcalledhisreformprogram“TheNewDeal”.　　Hewasreelectedpresidentforthefourthtimein1944.MostAmericansbelievedthecountryshouldnotchangeitsleaderinthemiddleofawar.Whenhewasswornin,PresidentRoosevelt’sspeechlastedonlysixminutes.HedeclaredthatAmericahadlearnedthatwecannotlivealoneatpeace,thatourownwell-beingisdependentonthewell-beingofnationsfaraway.　　PresidentRooseveltdidnotlivetoseethevictoryoftheAlliesandtheendofWorldWarII.Hediedlessthanthreemonthslater,onApril12th,1945,inWarmSprings,Georgia.　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.HowmanytimeswasFranklinRooseveltelectedpresident?　　31.WhatwasFranklinRoosevelt’sbiggestachievement?　　32.WhendidPresidentRooseveltdie?　　PassageThree　　Millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcooktheirfoodoverasmokyfireeveryday.Itisoftendifficulttofindwoodforthefire.Peoplewhodonothavewoodmustspendlargeamountsofmoneyoncookingfuel.However,thereisamucheasierwaytocookfoodusingenergyfromthesun.　　Solarcookers,orovens,havebeenusedforcenturies.ASwissscientistmadethefirstsolarovenin1767.Today,peopleareusingsolarcookersinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Peopleusesolarovenstocookfoodandtoheatdrinkingwatertokillbacteriaandotherharmfulorganisms.　　Therearethreekindsofsolarovens.Thefirstisaboxcooker.Itisdesignedwithaspecialwallthatshinesorreflectssunlightintothebox.Heatgetstrappedunderapieceofglassorplasticcoveringthetopofthecooker.Aboxoveniseffectiveforslowcookingoflargeamountsoffood.　　Thesecondkindofsolarovenisapanelcooker.Itincludesseveralflatwalls,orpanels,thatdirectlyreflectthesun’slightontothefood.Thefoodisinsideaseparatecontainerofplasticorglassthattrapsheatenergy.Peoplecanbuildpanelcookersquicklyandwithveryfewsupplies.Theydonotcostmuch.InKenya,forexample,panelcookersarebeingmanufacturedforjusttwodollars.　　Thethirdkindofsolarovenisaparaboliccooker.Ithasroundedwallsthataimsunlightdirectlyintothebottomoftheoven.Foodcooksquicklyinparabolicovens.However,thesecookersarehardtomake.Theymustbere-aimedoftentofollowthesun.Paraboliccookerscanalsocauseburnsandeyeinjuriesiftheyarenotusedcorrectly.　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofsolarovens?　　34.Whatkindofoveniseffectiveforslowcookingofalotoffood?　　35.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredto

15fillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　Somepeople’searsproducewaxlikebusylittlebees.Thiscanbeaproblemeventhoughearwaxappearstoserveanimportantpurpose.Expertssayitprotectsandcleanstheear.It(36)trapsdirtandothermatterandkeeps(37)insectsout.Doctorsthinkitmightalsohelpprotectagainst(38)infections.Andthewaxyoilkeepsearsfromgettingtoodry.Soearwaxisgood.Itevenhasamedicalname:cerumen.Therearetwokindsofcerumen.Mostpeopleof(39)EuropeanorAfricanancestryhavethe“wet”kind:thickand(40)sticky.EastAsianscommonlyhave“dry”earwax.　　Butyoucan’thavetoomuchofagoodthing.Theglandsintheearcanalthatproducethewaxmaketoomuchinsomepeople.Earwaxisnormally(41)expelled;itfallsoutoftheearorgetswashedaway.Butextrawaxcan(42)hardenandformablockagethat(43)interfereswithsoundwavesandreduceshearing.(44)Peoplecanalsocauseablockagewhentheytrytocleanouttheirears—butonlypushthewaxdeeperinside.Earwaxremovalissometimesnecessary.Butyouhavetouseasafemethodoryoucoulddoalotofdamage.　　Expertssuggestsomewaystotreatexcessiveearwaxyourself.(45)Theysaythewaxcanbesoftenedwithmineraloil,oreardrops.Anotherwaytoremovewaxisknownasirrigation.Withtheheadupright,takeholdoftheouterpartoftheear.Gentlypullupwardtostraightentheearcanal.(46)Useadevicetogentlydirectwateragainstthewalloftheearcanal.Thenturntheheadtothesidetoletthewaterout.PartIVReadingComprehension　　(ReadinginDepth)　　SectionA　　47.D)。此处需要一个名词。此处讲的是摇滚主要植根于布鲁斯、节奏布鲁斯、乡村音乐、民歌、福音歌以及爵士乐。　　48.J)。此处需要一个形容词。参见上题解析可知，摇滚最终发展为现代的摇滚音乐。　　49.A)。此处需要一个动词。根据前面出现的两个词典给出的解释及后面的内容可以推断，这里是对摇滚进行定义。　　50.L)。此处需要一个副词。根据上下文可知，ALLwords.com与前两个词典的定义不同，它将摇滚定义为20世纪50年代的音乐而不是现代音乐。　　51.E)。此处需要一个副词。根据上下文可知，古典摇滚乐通常由如下乐器合奏：一两把电吉他;一个弦贝司或电贝司;一组架子鼓。　　52.G)。此处需要一个形容词。根据下文出现的1940s这个时间可知，这里讲的是20世纪40年代末期出现的最早的摇滚风格。　　53.M)。此处需要一个动词。根据下文“orsupplementedbytheguitar”可知，钢琴与萨克斯风这些早期主打乐器被20世纪50年代中后期的吉他所取代或补充。　　54.C)。此处需要一个形容词。根据上下文可知，摇滚对社会产生的影响是独特的。　　55.H)。此处需要一个动词。此处讲的是，除了音乐风格，在电影及电视媒体里均可见摇滚对生活风格、流行、态度及语言的影响。　　56.B)。此处需要一个形容词。此处讲摇滚继续发展成各种不同的类型，一般都没有摇滚乐初期特有的强节奏基调。　　SectionB　　PassageOne

16　　57.A)。根据文章首段首句可知，去年升初中的小学生中大约有3万名学生数学水平只相当于7岁小孩的数学水平，也就是说这些小孩的数学能力很差。　　58.C)。根据第二段“In2006,￡2.3billionwasspentteachingthesubject.”可知，2006年花在数学教育上的费用为23亿英镑。　　59.A)。第四段提到在十年的时间里为每所小学配备一名数学专家并加强对幼儿园数学游戏的重视，但重点主要是谈论花经费培训数学教师这件事。　　60.C)。最后一段NickGibb主要讲“英国政府在教育上花了钱却没有达到预期的效果，并因此而落后于其他国家;同时英国政府在数学教育上还在走一些老路，而这些老路已经被有较高数学教育水平的国家尝试并证明走不通。”言外之意即：英国应该吸取其他国家的经验教训。　　61.D)。这是一个主旨题，这篇文章指出了英国在数学教育方面存在的问题并给出了解决办法，文章围绕英国小学数学教育需要改进这一中心思想展开。　　PassageTwo　　62.D)。参见第一段“Theyrepresentthenewfrontofaninternationalefforttohelpfirst-worldconsumersimprovethelivingstandardsofthethird-worldfarmerswhogrowmuchoftheirfood.”一句可知，FairTrade推出这一标准的目的是为了帮助第三世界国家的果农，让他们生产的香蕉更有竞争力、更有市场。　　63.A)。参见第二段“Itguaranteeshigherpricesforthefarmers’goodsandhelpsthemsetupschoolsandhealthclinics.”一句可知，FairTrade的作用是帮助农民把他们生产的农产品卖出个好价钱。　　64.B)。参见第三段“TheFairTrademovementtookrootinEuropeinthe1990’sasawayofbolsteringcoffeefarmersaspriceswerecollapsing.”一句可知，FairTrade成立于20世纪90年代的欧洲，它成立的最初目的是为了挽救种植咖啡的农民，因为当时咖啡的价格下跌得很厉害。　　65.C)。参见第四段“NoteveryoneisgreetingtheFairTradelabelwithopenarms.”一句可知，消费者可以有不同的选择，并不一定要买FairTrade推荐的产品。　　66.A)。纵观全文，本文的目的是向读者推荐被FairTrade认可并贴有FairTradeCertified标签的香蕉，推荐香蕉的最终目的还是为了帮助生活在第三世界国家的香蕉种植者。PartVCloze　　67.B)。此处讲的是“经常洗手可以预防疾病”，其他三个选项的意思分别是“偶尔”、“有时”、“重复地”，这与原文要表述的意思不符。　　68.C)。根据后文的“foodserviceworkers”可知，餐饮服务者和医疗服务者是与人们日常接触比较密切的人群，因此可以判断，此处讲的是“大多数针对洗手的研究都集中于医疗服务者和餐饮服务者”。　　69.A)。根据后文的讲述可知，此处说的是“在家洗手”。　　70.B)。根据上文的stopinfectionsfrom...可以推断，此处讲的是“阻止传染病的传播”。　　71.D)。根据上下文的叙述可知，此处讲的是“一些研究表明：手是各种传染病的最主要传播途径”。　　72.C)。此处讲的是“研究表明许多人洗完手后，手上仍然残留有细菌”，suggest在此处不是“建议”的意思，而是“表明”的意思。　　73.D)。根据后文的baby可以推断此处讲的是“有一项研究探究了最近接种了脊髓灰质炎疫苗的婴儿家庭”。　　74.A)。根据上文的aftervaccination可知，此处讲的是“儿童接种疫苗后，病毒会从婴儿粪便中排泄出去”。　　75.B)。此处意为“虽然疫苗中的病毒并不会带来健康风险，但是这项研究显示粪便中携带的病毒会在家中传播”。　　76.A)。参见上题解析，travel在此处有“传播”的意思。　　77.D)。此处讲的是“门把手和冲水马桶的手柄都是家中细菌的重要传染源”。　　78.C)。此处讲的是“正因为以上原因，人们要定期清洁这些地方;每次接触过这些地方后都要洗手”。　　79.

17A)。此处讲的是“针对病菌的传播，研究者安排了一项试验，他们让一名志愿者触摸了带有病毒的门把手”。　　80.C)。shakehandswithsb.是固定搭配，意为“同某人握手”。　　81.B)。根据上文的“Thestudyauthorsnotethatthetimingofhandwashingiskey.”和下文的“washhandsafterusingthetoilet,beforeeatingorhandlingfood”可知，此处讲的是“显然，每次上厕所后要洗手，吃东西或拿食物前要洗手”。　　82.C)。根据后文的“adiaper”可知，此处讲的是“给孩子换过尿布之后要洗手”。　　83.D)。comeintocontactwith...是固定搭配，意为“与……接触”。　　84.D)。此处讲的是“人们可能很难相信，像洗手这种简单的事情可以改善一个家庭的健康状况”。　　85.A)。trigger这个词用在此处很恰当，此处讲的是“SARS的爆发催生了广泛的公共和社区卫生保健措施的出台，其中包括常洗手”。　　86.C)。notonly...butalso是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”，also可以省略，但是but不能省略。　　PartVITranslation　　87.resortedtoforce　　88.mainlyduetostressandtensionintheirwork　　89.focusesonplanningandoverseeing　　90.Tothestudents’disappointment　　91.itdifficulttogetapromotion