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大学英语六级模拟考试题及答案解析2010年6月大学英语六级考试CET6A卷真题与B卷完全一致，仅题目顺序不一样而已，A卷考生请参照B卷真题及参考答案！ PartIWriting(30minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow: 1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象； 2.出现这种现象的原因和后果； 3.我认为… DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChineseAlmostnooneinChinacanhavefailedtonoticethefactthatanumberofstudentspaylittleattentiontothestudyofCheesenowadays.Takingalookaround,onecanfindexamplestoomanytolist:somerefusetogotoChineseclasses,somereadfewChineseclassicsandsomerarelywriteinChinese。 Anumberoffactorscanaccountforsuchphenomenon,butthefollowingmightbethecriticalones.Foronething,thecrazeforlearningEnglishaffect,tosomedegree,students’passionforthestudyoftheirnativelanguage.Foranother,theincreasingemphasisonsomeso-called“practicalsubjects”closelyrelatedtothepursuitforjobsalsocutintostudents’timeandenergyspentonthestudyofChinese。 Theproblemmentionedaboveisboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablindeyetoit.First,students’weaknessinChinesewouldleadtotheirignoranceofChineseculture.Secondly,theirproblemswithChinesewouldalsohinderthestudyofothersubjects。 Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Inthefirstplace,itisessentialthattheschoolattachmoreimportancetotheteachingofChinese.Inthesecondplace,studentsshouldenhancetheirawarenessoftheimportanceofmasteringtheirmothertongue.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpecttheall-sideddevelopmentofstudents。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes) Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage. Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls. "I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown." White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent." Stinginthetail AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect. Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleagues
1discovered. TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants. Dramaticshift Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans. Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman. Lingeringracism IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup. InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays. Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant. Dropinbias BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest. Talkinghonestly "PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing. Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection. Hugeobstacles Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,she
2says. ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved." ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen. Beyondrace Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps? AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection? A)Excited. B)Victorious. C)Anxious. D)Relieved. 2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______. A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife C)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers D)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent 3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy? A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica. B)Thepowerofrolemodels. C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks. D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans. 4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______. A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection B)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged C)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks D)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests 5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest? A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming. B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop. C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable. D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby. 6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______. A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies B)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality D)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans 7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______. A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential B)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety D)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation 8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegative
3effecton______. 9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______. 10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise. B)Thewomanhasapoormemory. C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary. D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore. 12. A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition. B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise. C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors. D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.13. A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded. B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt. C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts. D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt. 14. A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle. B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints. C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle. D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim. 15. A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing. B)GoseeDaisyimmediately. C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone. D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook. 16. A)Batteries. B)Gardentools. C)Cameras. D)Lightbulbs. 17. A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether. B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket. C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam. D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice. 18. A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert. B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert. C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert. D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert. Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 19. A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract. B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature. C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework. D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor. 20. A)Theyhateexams. B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge. C)Theyarealladults. D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies. 21. A)Difficultbutrewarding. B)Variedandinteresting. C)Time-consumingandtiring. D)Demandingandfrustrating. Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 22. A)Interviewingamovingstar. B)Discussingteenagerolemodels. C)Hostingatelevisionshow. D)Reviewinganewbiography.
4 23. A)Helosthismother. B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia. C)Hemissedhisaunt. D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere. 24. A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches. B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting. C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV. D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden. 25. A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies. B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure. C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies. D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.SectionB Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 PassageOne Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 26. A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland. B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife. C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland. D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash. 27. A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago. B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans. C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica. D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness. 28.A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement. B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened. C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand. D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired. 29. A)Sunny. B)Rainy. C)Windy. D)Cloudy. PassageTwo Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 30. A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake. B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject. C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology. D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore. 31. A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes. B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred. C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes. D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples. 32. A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake. B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused. C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding. D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove. PassageThree Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 33. A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887. B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish. C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization. D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages. 34. A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N. B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia. C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges. D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld. 35. A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialscience
5journals. B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities. C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners. D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry. SectionC Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate. The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage. Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2. Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)? Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics. Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege. Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNight
6Watch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch." Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage. Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______. 48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning. 49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______. 50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______. 51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______. SectionB Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy. TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed. AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded." Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph? A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthe
7policy. B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates. C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy. D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia. 53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates? A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats. B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct. C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory. D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles. 54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport? A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing. B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety. C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries. D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare. 55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare? A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities. D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents. 56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice? A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation. B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport. C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits. D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwo Questions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage. AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway? ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfrom now"tomakesenseoftheworld. HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—if
8ambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE? A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore. B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses. C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection. D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically. 58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO? A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations. B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency. C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy. D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans. 59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts? A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics. B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration. C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective. D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency. 60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores? A)Theirembraceofradicalideas. B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica. C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet. D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility. 61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX? A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative. B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues. C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges. D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.PartVCloze(15minutes) Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.Such__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__tosomethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen. Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.Inonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms. __74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(体重指数)amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(长寿)amongseniorcitizens. Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstothe
9outdoors. Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou. 62. A)findingsB)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts 63. A)adaptB)attributeC)allocateD)alternate 64. A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)with 65. A)gluedB)relatedC)trackedD)appointed 66. A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking 67. A)publishedB)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated 68. A)atB)toC)forD)over 69. A)fullyB)simplyC)seriouslyD)uniquely 70. A)vitalB)casualC)fatalD)subtle 71. A)stillB)alreadyC)tooD)yet 72. A)benefitsB)profitsC)revenuesD)awards 73. A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside 74. A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)ExposureD)Addiction75. A)muchB)lessC)moreD)little 76. A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysisD)option 77. A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarilyD)comfortably 78. A)relievedB)delegatedC)approvedD)performed 79. A)merelyB)alwaysC)mainlyD)almost 80. A)advantageB)exceptionC)measureD)charge 81. A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)grateful PartVITranslation(5minutes) Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.
