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大学英语六级考试模拟考试题及答案解析PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words. TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication
1 PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes) Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage. TheThree-YearSolution HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld. TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities. Yet,therearesignsofperil(危险)withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively. Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,”hehaswritten.
2 Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(终身职位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles(压制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas. Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate. CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar. Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees. Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackat
3courseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay. Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions. Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster. Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院医生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife. Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.
4 “Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers. Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.” Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms? A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents. B)Tocutstudents’expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems. 2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat. A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth
5 C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring 3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities. A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination 4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick? A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear. B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether. C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge. 5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram? A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades. B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly. C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer. 6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears? A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs. B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits. C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved. 7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram? A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload. B)Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually. C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.
6D)Studentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem. 8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto. 9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto. 10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答. 11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed. B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback. C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.D)Thedoctor’stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful. 12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher. B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets. C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister’s. 13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway. B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.
7 C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself. 14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek. B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater. C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman. 15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible. B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother. C)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet. 16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate. B)Theimpactofmassmedia. C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.D)Thecoverageofnewspapers. 17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference. B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered. C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace. 18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable. B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus. C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.D)On-campushousingishardtosecure. Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.
8 B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone. C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill. 20.A)Producetheappropriatesound. B)Presstheright-handleverfirst. C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.D)Swimstraightintothesametank. 21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight. B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards. C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins’reach. Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 22.A)Inabotanicalgarden. B)Inalectureroom. C)Inaresorttown.D)Onacattlefarm. 23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto. B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry. C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes. 24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays. B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate. C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.
9 25.A)Thebeautifulflowers. B)Therefreshingair. C)Themineralwaters.D)Thevastgrassland. SectionB Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter. Passageone Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)HespecializesforUniversitystudents. B)HestartspecializedsinseUniversity. C)Hespecializedininterpersonalrelationship.D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship. 27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests. B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores. C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes. 28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester. B)Theywereoftheuniversity’shousingpolicy. C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates. 29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved. B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.
10 C)Theygrewboredofeachother.D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities. Passagetwo Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually. B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood. C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises. 31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears. B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA. C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors. 32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected. B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve. C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved. PassageThree Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood. B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence. C)Heisahabitualcriminal.D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned. 34.A)Thejury’sprejudiceagainsthisrace. B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene. C)Thetwovictims’identification.
11D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends. 35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement. B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification. C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer’squestions.D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony. SECTIONB Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分的试题请在答题卡2上作答。 About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya(36)_________improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37)_________said. Mexico’seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)_________anestimated7percentduetoa(39)_________inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars. The(40)_________ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)_________ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)_________thenation’sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates. “(43)_________roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”
12CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth. (44)___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,”Castrosaid. (45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordinrestaurants. (46)___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Mexico’spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry’stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2 Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds. Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKlausLackner,a
13geophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.” ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,Shell’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants. Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables. However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives? 48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions? 49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand. 50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.
14 SectionB Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals. What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting. Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral. “Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool. “Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.” AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable. Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSears
15imposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis. Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.” ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays. “Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting? A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected. B)Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency. C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic. 53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron? A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess. B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals. C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.
16D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower. 54.HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees? A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales. B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers. C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis. 55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch? A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue. B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting. C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject. 56.WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke? A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy. B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture. C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.D)Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices. PassageTwo Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia? Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswisely
17said,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.” ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.” IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal(财政的)policiesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.
18 57.WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandIndia? A)Copyingwestern-styleeconomicbehavior. B)Heavyrelianceonthehandofgovernment. C)Timelyreformofgovernmentatalllevels.D)Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention. 58.WhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“governmentistheproblem”(line4,Para.3)? A)Manysocialevilsarecausedbywronggovernmentpolicies. B)Manysocialproblemsarisefromgovernment’sinefficiency. C)Governmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicproblems.D)Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment. 59.WhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsingin2007? A)Self-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreemarket. B)Cooperationbetweenthegovernmentandbusinesses. C)Abandonmentofbiggovernmentbythepublic.D)Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment. 60.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublicgovernmentdeficit? A)Theyurgethegovernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicpolicies. B)Theydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilimport. C)Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.D)Theyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferenttaxes. 61.What’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanUnion? A)Conservativeideology. B)Shrinkingmarket.
19 C)Lackofresources.D)Excessiveborrowing.PartVClose Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)ontherightsideofpaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答. Musicproducesprofoundandlastingchangesinthebrain.Schoolsshouldaddmusicclasses,notcutthem.Nearly20yearsago,asmallstudyadvancedthe62thatlisteningtoMozart’sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajorcouldboostmentalfunctioning.Itwasnotlong63trademarked“Mozarteffect”productsbegantoappealtoanxiousparentsaimingtoputtoddlers(刚学步的孩子)64thefasttracktoprestigiousuniversitieslikeHarvardandYale.Georgia’sgovernoreven65givingeverynewbornthereaclassicalCDorcassette. The66forMozarttherapyturnedouttobeweak,perhapsnonexistent,althoughthe67studyneverclaimedanythingmorethanatemporaryandlimitedeffect.Inrecentyears,68,scientistshaveexaminedthebenefitsofaconcerted69tostudyandpracticemusic,as70toplayingaMozartCDoracomputer-based“brainfitness”game71inawhile. Advancedmonitoring72haveenabledscientiststoseewhathappens73yourheadwhenyoulistentoyourmotherandactuallypracticetheviolinforanhoureveryafternoon.Andtheyhavefoundthatmusic74canproduceprofoundandlastingchangesthat75thegeneralabilitytolearn.Theseresultsshould76publicofficialsthatmusicclassesarenotameredecoration,ripefordiscardinginthebudgetcrisesthatconstantly77publicschools.Studieshaveshownthat78instrumenttrainingfromanearlyagecanhelpthebrainto79soundsbetter,makingiteasiertostayfocusedwhenabsorbingother
20subjects,fromliteraturetomathematics.Themusicallyadept(擅长的)arebetterableto80onabiologylessondespitethenoiseintheclassroom81,afewyearslater,tofinishacallwithaclientwhenacolleagueinthenextofficestartsscreamingasubordinate.Theycanattendtoseveralthingsatonceinthementalscratchpadcalledworkingmemory,anessentialskillinthiseraofmultitasking. 62.A)noticeB)noteC)notionD)notification 63.A)thatB)untilC)sinceD)Before 64.A)upB)byC)onD)at 65.A)propelledB)proposedC)submittedD)subjected 66.A)witnessB)evidenceC)symptomD)context 67.A)subtleB)elementaryC)sensitiveD)original 68.A)howeverB)moreoverC)thenD)therefore 69.A)effortB)impulseC)objectD)attention 70.A)opposedB)accustomedC)relatedD)devoted 71.A)quiteB)onceC)oftenD)much 72.A)organismsB)techniquesC)mechanismsD)mechanics 73.A)uponB)amidC)amongD)inside 74.A)subjectsB)modelsC)causesD)lessons 75.A)enhanceB)introduceC)accelerateD)elaborate 76.A)contendB)conveyC)conceiveD)convince 77.A)troubleB)transformC)distractD)disclose 78.A)urgentB)casualC)diligentD)solemn 79.A)proceedB)processC)preferD)predict 80.A)countB)concentrateC)insistD)depend 81.A)butB)orC)forD)soPartⅥTranslation(5minutes) Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.
21注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 82.Ithinkthatthemealiswell______________________(没有折扣的情况下值80美元). 83.______________________(面对来自其他公司的激烈竞争),theautomobilemanufacturerisconsideringlaunchingapromotioncampaign. 84.Asfarashobbiesareconcerned,Janeandhersister______________________(几乎没有什么共同之处). 85.Onlyaftermanyfailures______________________(我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).86.Butforthesurvivalinstinctwhichnearlyallcreatureshave,______________________(更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了). 完整答案PartIWritingTheimpactoftheinternetoninterpersonalcommunication范文:Itcan’tbedeniedthattheinternetisanepoch-makinginvention.Asweenteredintotheageofinformation,ithashadagreatimpactuponeveryaspectsofourlife,inparticular,theinterpersonalcommunicationinoursociallife.Ononehand,theinternetcanremarkablyenhancetheinterpersonalcommunicationamongus.Firstly,itsavestimeandmoney.Withoutconsideringthetransportationandthemoneyforreception,wecanrealizeperson-to-personcommunicationatanytimewewantmerelybytypingthemessageorclickthe"send"buttononvarietiesofinstantchattingtools.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationthroughtheinternetisnotlimitedbyspace.Asaplatformformakingfriends,theinternetprovidesmorewaysofknowingpeoplefromotherpartsoftheworld.Ontheotherhand,theinternetmightbeaburdenforinterpersonalcommunicationifinappropriatelyused.Ifpeopleobsessivelyrelyoninternettomaintaintheirfriendshipinsteadofmeetingeachotherfacetoface,theymaysuffermentalproblem.
22Afterall,comparedwithcommunicationthroughtheinternet,itisfriendlyhandshaking,eyecontact,andsmileexchangesinface-to-faceencountersthatmeansalottohumans.Inconclusion,weshouldproperlyusetheinternetinourinterpersonalcommunication.Onlybythat,canwebenefitfromtheInternetinoursociallife.阅读理解快速阅读PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.Tocutstudents’expenses.2.collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse.3.suppressescreativethinking4.Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.5.Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.6.MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.7.Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.8.thecorecurriculum9.staycompetitiveandrelevant10.bright,motivatedstudents听力PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.A)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.12.C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.13.A)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.14.C)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.15.D)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.16.B)Thecoverageofnewspapers.17.C)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.19.D)toseeifdolphinscancommunicatewitheachother.20.A)Presstheright-handlever
23first.21.C)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.22.B)Inaresorttown.23.D)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.24.D)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.25.C)Thebeautifulflowers.Passage3BernardJacksonisafreemantoday,buthehasmanybittermemories.Jacksonspentfiveyearsinprisonafterajurywronglyconvictedhimofrapingtwowomen.AtJackson'strial,althoughtwowitnessestestifiedthatJacksonwaswiththeminanotherlocationatthetimesofthecrimes,hewasconvictedanyway.Why?Thejurybelievedthetestimonyofthetwovictims,whopositivelyidentifiedJacksonasthemanwhohasattackedthem.ThecourteventuallyfreedJacksonafterthepolicefoundthemanwhohadreallycommittedthecrimes.Jacksonwassimilarinappearancetotheguiltyman.Thetwowomenhasmadeamistakeinidentity.Asaresult,Jacksonhaslostfiveyearsofhislife.Thetwowomeninthiscasewereeyewitnesses.Theyclearlysawthemanwhoattackedthem,yettheymistakenlyidentifiedaninnocentperson.Similarincidentshaveoccurredbefore.Eyewitnessestoothercrimeshaveidentifiedthewrongpersoninapolicelineuporinphotographs.Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofeyewitnesstestimony.Forinstance,witnessessometimesseephotographsofseveralsuspectsbeforetheytrytoidentifythepersontheysawinalineupofpeople.Theycanbecomeconfusedbyseeingmanyphotographsorsimilarfaces.Thenumberofpeopleinthelineup,andwhetheritisalivelineuporaphotograph,mayalsoaffectawitness'sdecision.Peoplesometimeshavedifficultyidentifyingpeopleofotherraces.Thequestionsthepoliceaskwitnessesalsohaveaneffectonthem.Question33:WhatdowelearnaboutBernardJackson?Question34:WhatleddirectlytoJackson’ssentence?Question35:WhatlessondowelearnfromJackson’scase?
24SectionB26C.Hespecializedininterpersonalrelationship.27D.Blackfreshmanwithhighstandardizedscores28C.Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates29C.Theracialattitudesimproved.30A.Itwillhelpsolvetheglobalfoodcrisis.31D.Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.32D.Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.33A.Hewaswronglyimprisoned34A.Thetwovictims’identification35B.Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.SectionC36.slight37.official38.shrinking39.plunge40.decline41.primary42.heads43.Poverty44.Hamperedbyhighertaxesandweakdemandforitsexports,Mexico'seconomyisseenonlypartiallyrecoveringthisyear.45.Mexicohashistoricallyhadhighdrop-outratesaspoorfamiliespullkidsoutofschooltohelpputfoodonthetable，46.Thenation'sdrop-outproblemisjustthelatestbadnewsforthelong-termcompetitivenessoftheMexicaneconomy.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA47.capturingandstoringCO2或者captureandstorageofCO248.captureand
25storage49.putittonewuse50.increasetheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables51.thescaleofCO2emissionsSectionB52.D.Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.53.A.Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.54.B.Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.55.B.Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.56.A.Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.57.D)Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention.58.B)Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment.59.B)Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment.60.D)Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.61.D)Excessiveborrowing.PartVCloze62.B)notion63.C)before64.B)on65.A)proposed66.D)evidence67.B)original68.A)however69.C)effort70.C)opposed71.D)once72.D)techniques73.C)inside74.C)lessons75.D)enhance76.A)convince77.
26A)trouble78.C)diligent79.C)process80.B)concentrate81.D)orPartVITranslation82.Ithinkthatthemealiswellworth80dollarswithnodiscount(没有折扣的情况下值80美元).【点评】worth:“值”，;discount折扣。83.Confrontedwiththefiercecompetitionfromothercorporations(面对来自其他公司的激烈竞争),theautomobilemanufacturerisconsideringlaunchingapromotioncampaign.【点评】该句主语是theautomobilemanufacturer，横线处所填的是一个分句;beconfrontedwith：面临(任务、困难)=face，所以也可填(facingthefiercecompetition……)84.Asfarashobbiesareconcerned,nearly(almost)havenothingincommon/hardlyhaveanythingincommon(几乎没有什么共同之处).【点评】havesomethingincommon有共同点。85.OnlyaftermanyfailureshaveIrealizedthatIcannotsucceedmerelybychance.(我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).【点评】only位于句首时用倒装。至于时态，可以用现在完成时，强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响“不能成功”，也可以用一般过去式didIrealizethatIcouldn'tsucceedmerelybychance.86.Butforthesurvivalinstinctwhichnearly,morespecieswouldhavebeenextinctfromtheearth(更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了).【点评】butfor，“要不是”;这里考查与过去相反的虚拟语气，后面用would+havedone。
