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北京市丰台区2022—2023学年度高三第二学期综合练习(二)英语试卷本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DaveKingisinhissecondwinterofsnowplowing(铲雪)people’sdrivewaysforfree.AprilFrazierisonepersonwhohasbenefitedfromKing’skindness.Sheisasinglemother.Afteronestormlastyear,shewasbusylookingafterherkidsandjustknewshewasnotgoingtobeabletogetoutthereand___1___thesnow.FraziersawapostonlineinwhichKinginvitedpeopletocontacthimiftheyneededhelpwiththatday’sstorm.She___2___tohimandofferedtopayhim,butherefused.Frazierwasgrateful—andhasbeen___3___tosee,witheverystormsince,Kinghasreportedtoherhouseandplowedherdriveway,never___4___apenny(一分钱).Nowhealsoplowsherparents’drivewayforfree.Andonetime,he___5___plowedherparents’neighbors’drivewayswithoutanyoneaskinghim.“Heisloyaland___6___,”saidFrazier.Kinggottheideawhenheoverheardaneighborcomplainingshewashavingdifficultywiththesnowinherdriveway.ItoccurredtoKingthathecouldplowthedrivewaysofpeopleinneedforfree.Kingwentonlineandinvitedanyonewhoneededtheirdrivewaysplowedtogetintouchwithhim.Peoplewere___7___atfirst,asthoughhehadsomekindofdishonestplangoing.Buttheywerequicktofindouthewas___8___andstartedtakinghimuponhisoffer.Kinghopesto___9___thiskindnessandgenerosityandsetupawholenetworkofvolunteerstohelppeopleinneed.“Kingismakingapositivedifferenceinthecommunity,”Fraziersaid.“Heisanunsungheroforthistown.Heinspireshopein____10____.”1.A.feelB.removeC.collectD.appreciate2.A.reachedoutB.lookedupC.heldonD.gavein
3.A.proudB.anxiousC.puzzledD.surprised4.A.spottingB.costingC.expectingD.rejecting5.A.evenB.almostC.stillD.rather6.A.humorousB.committedC.optimisticD.imaginative7.A.boredB.disappointedC.cautiousD.frightened8.A.genuineB.popularC.courageousD.wise9.A.receiveB.expandC.keepD.practice10.A.creativityB.honestyC.confidenceD.humanity第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheskinofasmallfishfromThailandisalmostcompletelyclear.Asitswims,itsmusclesmove,____11____(result)inreflectionsofmanycolors.Aftershiningdifferentkindsoflightandlasersontothefishinalaboratory,researchersmadea____12____(discover)thatthesmallstructuresinitsmusclesarewhatturnslightintorainbowcolors.Othercreaturescanalsocreatetherainboweffectwhencolorschange.Usually,theyhaveoutersurfaces____13____reflectthelight,likeabutterfly’swings.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Withexcitingmoves,fantasticmusicandcompetitorsusingcoolnames,breakingisasportlikenoother.Also____14____(know)asbreakdancing,itwillbecomeoneoftheOlympicsports____15____theGamesareheldin2024.Itisnotyetknownhowthe2024Olympiccontest____16____(arrange).Itislikelythattherewillbeseparatefemaleandmalebattles,andpossiblymixed-doubleseventswithbothmenandwomen.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AsoneofChina’sten____17____(famous)teas,Longjingteaischaracterizedbyitsgreencolor,delicatesmell,richtasteandbeautifulshape.Thebeautifulformsofabud(嫩芽)____18____oneleafortwoleavesareacknowledgedasqualitytea.Thepickingworkofsuchtealeavesdemandsahighaccuracyand____19____(depend)largelyonhandlabor.Toimproveefficiency,atea-pickingrobotwasmadeanditisintrialoperationnow.Itcan
position____20____thetargetbudandleafareandcutthemprecisely.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABecomeaCompetentMedicalWriterin4Weeks!Hurry!Thisofferendssoon!ClaimyourspotTODAY!Threeyearsago,Istartedafamilyandhaveexperiencedfinancialstresssincethen.Icouldpaymybillsalright,butthatwasallIcoulddo.Icouldn’tevenaffordafamilyholiday.Fortunately,Idiscoveredmedicalwriting.Ilearnedthatitwasaboutwritingscientificdocuments.AndIfeltIhadthenecessaryskillstostartmedicalwritingasasidehustle(副业).Bytheendoftheyear,Ihadmyfirstcontractasafreelancemedicalwriter.Ifeltreallysecurefinanciallyandcareer-wise.Today,we’veobservedmoremedicalwritersarewanted.So,incollaborationwithsomecolleagues,we’vepreparedthemostimportantlessonstohelpyoubecomeacompetentmedicalwriter:(ByAlex)TheCompleteMedicalWritingTrainingThisonlinecourseisperfectforpeoplewithalifesciencedegree.Here’sthefullcourseoutline.Week1ThescientificwritingprocessIntroductiontomedicalwriting:LearnaboutmedicalwritinganddecideyourpathThewritingprocess:HowtowritethescientificdocumentinfoursimplestepsResearchingtowrite:FindreliablesourceseasilytoinformyourmedicalwritingandidentifybrilliantideasfromtheliteratureWeek2WritingeffectivelyOutliningtowrite:ThesimpleststrategytostructureanydocumentperfectlyforeasierwritingandbetterflowReferencing:LearnwhentociteandhowtousecommonreferencingstylesandautomateyourreferencingusingonlinetoolsWeek3OtheressentialsScientificresearch:Updateyourselfonvariousclinicalresearchapproaches,designsandmethodsforbettermedicalwritingoutputEssentialbiostatistics:HowtousecommonstatisticaltermsfromthemedicalliteraturecorrectlyinyourwritingWeek4Writingassignments
Thereare8markedwritingassignmentswithfeedbacktohelpyouimproveyourwriting.21.WhydidAlexstartmedicalwriting?A.Toimprovemedicalskills.B.Tohavemoreleisuretime.C.Togetoutoffinancialtrouble.D.Toprepareforthewritingtraining.22.Whatwillpeoplelearnbyattendingthecourses?A.Thewaysofevaluatingtheassignments.B.Thestepsofwritingascientificdocument.C.Theskillsinusingonlinewritingcorrectiontools.D.Thestrategiesforstructuringmedicalknowledge.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toattractpeopletothetrainingcourse.B.Tosharethecontentofthewritingcourse.C.Tointroducethebenefitsofmedicalwriting.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofmedicalwriting.BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimontheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butI’veneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIbegantonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.
Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(观念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorscombined.AndIstartedmarveling(惊奇)athowIwasfeelingbothhumbleandmajestic.Howwasthatpossible?HowcouldIbesofullofpeaceandfullofwonder?Itwasmagic.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Toplayinthetree.B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage.D.Topracticeclimbingskills.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas.AunusualbutpainfulB.competitiveandimaginativeC.adventurousbutrewardingD.well-plannedandinteresting26.Whydidtheauthorlikebeinguphighinthetree?A.Becausethetreehadthesweetestsmell.B.Becauseitcouldhelphertoconcentrate.C.Becauseherfatherencouragedhertodoso.D.Becauseshecouldenjoymorethangoodviews.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.C.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.D.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.CNewspapers,advertisements,andlabelssurrounduseverywhere,turningourenvironmentintoamassoftextstobereadorignored.Asthequantityofinformationwereceivecontinuallyincreasesandasinformationspreadingisshiftingfrompagetoscreen,itmaybetimetoaskhowchangesinourwayofreadingmayaffectourmentallife.Forhowwereceiveinformationbearsvitallyonthewaysweexperienceandinterpretreality.Whatismostobviousintheevolutionofreadingisthegradualdisplacementofthevertical(垂直的)bythehorizontal—ashiftfromintensivetoextensivereading.Inourculture,accessisnotaproblem,butproliferation(激增)is.Andthereadingactisnecessarilydifferentthanitwasinitsearliestdays.Awedbytheavailabilityoftexts,thereadertendstomoveacrosssurfaceswithoutallowingthewordstoresonate(共鸣)inwardly.Interestingly,thisshiftfromverticaltohorizontalparallelstheoverallsocietalshiftfromboundedlifetimes
spentinsinglelocalestoliveslivedinwidergeographicalareasamidstreamsofdata.Thislargeraccesswasonceregardedasworldliness—onetraveled,knewthelifeofcities,thewaysofdiversepeople….Ithasnowbecomethebirthrightofanyonewhoownsatelevisionset.Howdowesquaretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhorizontalandverticalawareness?Thevillagers,whoknoweverythingabouttheirsurroundings,areblessedlyunawareofeventsindistantlands.Themedia-obsessedurbanites,bycontrast,neverlosetheirawarenessofwhathappensindifferentpartsoftheworld.Wemayask,whichpeoplearehappier?Thevillagersmayhavefoundmoresenseinthingsowingbothtothelimitedrangeoftheirconcernandthedepthontheirinformation.Butrestrictedconditionsandhabitalsosuggestboredomandlimitation.Thelackofalargerperspective(视角)leadstosuspiciousnessandcautiousconservatism,butforthesamereason,theconstantavailabilityofdataandmacro-perspectiveshasitsowndecreasingreturns.Wheneverythingishappeningeverywhere,itgetshardertocareaboutanything.Howdoweassignvalue?Wheredowefindthefixedcontextthatallowsustocreateanarrativeofsenseaboutourlives?Ideally,Isuppose,onewouldhavethebestofbothworlds—thepurposefulfixityofthelocal,aswellastheavailabilityofenhancingviews:anaturalecologyofinformationandcontext.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Readerstodaytendtoignoredeepengagementwithtexts.B.It’sdifficulttoshiftfromverticaltohorizontalreading.C.Whereandhowwereadtextsshapesourmentallife.D.Peoplearetiredofinformationproliferation.29.Accordingtothepassage,villagers.A.haveadeeperunderstandingoftheirsurroundingsB.shownointerestinwhathappensintheworldC.arelessboredthanmedia-obsessedurbanitesD.cannotadapttochangingsituations30Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Verticalawarenessallowsustocareaboutothers.B.Changesinourreadinghabitsleadtothesocietalshift.C.It’swisetokeepabalancebetweenalocalandaglobalview.D.Horizontalreadingaffectsourmindsetmorethanverticalreading.DCoastalcitiesworldwidearesqueezedbytwoopposingforces:urbansprawl(扩张)andtherisingsea.This
struggleisintenselyvisibleintheflatlandswhereexpandingneighborhoodsroutinelyfloodandsaltwaterfloodingdamagestherivermouthsthatprotectcommunitiesfromtheworstofourclimatecrisis.Massiveresourcesarebeingputintoenvironmentalrestorationprojects,anddevelopmentissubjecttomanylayersofapprovals.Yetin2022thecommissionersofacoastalcityvotedtoexpandalegalboundarythatcontainssprawltoallowa400-acrewarehouseproject.Theyarefailingtoseethevalueofthislandinthegreaterecosystem.Wetlands,coastalplainsandforestsdocheaply(orevenforfree)whatseawallsandpumpsdoatacostofbillionsofdollars.Theyarevitalinfrastructure(基础设施)thatmakesusmoreresilientagainstclimatechange,andthecostofdestroyingthemorweakeningtheirabilitytofunctionmustbefactoredintothedecisionswemaketobuildandgrow.Todoso,theeconomicincentivestodevelopanynaturallandscapeshouldbeweighedagainsttheprotectiveeconomicvaluethatlandalreadyprovides.Economistscallthisan“avoideddamage”valuation.Localplanningboardsmightconsiderthevalueofasandduneorswampinfloodprotectionversustheexpenseofreplacingitwithaseawallandwaterpumpsystem.Maintainingandrestoringnaturalinfrastructuretosupporthealthyfunctioningsavesmoney,timeandlives.Theconceptof“naturalcapital”,ortheideathatecosystemservicesshouldbevaluedinasimilarmannerasanyformofwealth,datesbacktothe1970s.Marketshavealwaysvaluedwoodasacommodity(商品),forexample,butnottheservicesthatcamealongwithproducingit,suchassoilmaintenance,carbonstorage,andnutrientcycling.Wedidn’tneedamarketforresourcesthatindustrialistssawasabundant(丰富的)andendlesslyrenewable.Thisexploitative(开发资源的)assumptionturnedouttobeverywrong.Failingtomeasurethebenefitsofecosystemservicesinpolicyandmanagementdecisionsisamajorreasonmanyofthoseecosystemsdisappeared.Italsoseemscrasstoplaceadollaramountonecosystemsthatwe’dratherviewaspriceless,existingfortheirownsakeandvaluabletohumansinwaysthatarebeyondcapitalism.Thispreciousnessisethicallysound.Butdevelopershavelongconfusedpricelessnesswithworthlessness,allowingthemtoprofitwithoutpayingfortheconsequencesofdestroyingtheenvironment.Economicvalueisnevertheonlyreasonnatureisworthpreserving;itissimplyapowerful,underusedtooltohelpusmakedecisionsabouthowtolivemoresustainablyinaclimate-changedworld.Ifpolicymakersconsiderednaturalinfrastructureinthelanguageofeconomics,theymightrecognizejusthowdeeplywerelyonit.31.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Theconsequencesofthesaltwaterflooding.BThecauseoftheurbansprawlandtherisingsea.C.Anapprovaltoanenvironmentalrestorationproject.
D.Theproblemcausedbytheexpansionofcoastalcities32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theideaofnaturalcapitalcanenhancetheprofitofcommodity.B.Theeconomicgrowthbooststheprotectionofnaturallandscape.C.Theabundanceofresourcesisnotthereasonfordevaluingthem.D.Theexploitationofnaturereflectsthe“avoideddamage”valuation.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crass”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Inadvisable.B.Beneficial.C.Relevant.D.Unrealistic.34.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toappealforstrictercontrolovercityscale.B.Toproposetheuseofnatureasinfrastructure.C.Tostresstheimportanceofecosystemservices.D.Topromotepublicawarenessofnatureprotection.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theterm“growthmindset”hasbecomesomethingofabuzzwordinourlife.Youcanfinditeverywhereyoulook—intheseminarsofmotivationalspeakers,intheeducationcoursedescriptions,andinthemissionstatementsofcompanies.____35____Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutgrowthmindsetisthatitisthesamethingasbeingopen-mindedinyourbeliefs.Thisisuntrue.Beingopen-mindedinyourbeliefsisoftenthebeliefonwhattruegrowthmindsetis,butthisisactuallycalled“falsegrowthmindset”intheresearchcommunity.____36____Whatthismeansisthattheyhaveafixedbeliefontheirintelligencelevel,whichisexactlywhatafixedmindsetis.Theybelievethattheyaregrowing,wheninrealitytheyarenot.Beingopen-mindedtootherpeople’sbeliefsandnewthingsisgreat,butitdoesnotmeanthatyouareactuallylearninganything.Furthermore,thereisnowaytoeverhaveatrulycompletegrowthmindset.____37____Itisimportantthatyouacceptthisandembraceit,whilestilldesiringtoexperiencegrowthanyway.Thisistheonlywayyoucantrulyfosterasm’ofagrowthmindsetashumanlypossible.____38____Unproductiveeffortsthataremerelydonefortherewardoroutcomearenotconsideredtobegrowthmindset.Truegrowthmindsethasnothingtodowithrewardoroutcome.Rather,itisbasedentirelyonthe
learningandgrowingprocessitself.Whenyouareinvestedinagrowthmindset,youareinvestedintheprocessregardlessoftheoutcome.____39____Youcannotsimply“have”agrowthmindset.Youhavetowantone,andinvestinhavingone.Understandingthetruthaboutgrowthmindsetwillenableyoutounderstandexactlyhowthistraitcanassistyouinlife.A.Mindsetisalotharderthan“justdoit”.B.Itisvirtuallyimpossible,asweareallfixedinsomewayoranother.C.Anotherfalsebeliefisthatgrowthmindsetisaboutrewardedefforts.D.Asecondmisconceptionisthatpeople’smotivationcomesfromtheprocess.E.Butdespiteitspopularity,somepeopledon’tunderstandwhatitactuallymeans.F.Thisisessentiallypeoplewhohavean“Ialreadyhaveit,andIalwayshave”attitude.G.Growthmindsetassistspeopleinhavinggreaterresultsfromwhattheysetouttoaccomplish.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Brain,58,wastreatedinintensivecareforaseverecase.Assoonashisconditionhadstabilized,hewassenthomewithequipmentincludingaphoneandabloodpressuremonitor.“EverydayIwouldinputmyvitalsignsontheapp,”Brainsaid.“Ifanythingwentwrongorwasn’tright,anursewouldcallmestraightaway.”Brainspentsixweeksonthis“virtualward(病房)”,runbyhislocalNHShospitalinpartnershipwithDoccla,ahealthcaretechnologycompany.Heisoneofthousandsofpatientstohavebeentreatedinnew“hospitalsathome”,seenbyNHSleadersasa“lifeline”foroverwhelmedhospitalsthathaverunoutofbeds.2,500virtualwardbedswerealreadyinuse,ensuringthatpeoplecould“getthecaretheyneedfromtheirownhomes”.Retz,founderofDocile,saidsoontherecouldbe“regionalcommandcenters”,whereadoctorornursemonitoreddatafromhundredsofpatientsdisplayedonadashboard.“Itworksinasimilarwaytotraditionalwardroundsinahospital,withpatientssubmittingdataonceortwiceaday,whichisreviewedbyadoctor,”hesaid.NoelO’Kelly,clinicaldirectoratSpiritHealth,said,“Olderpeoplewanttospendaslittletimeinhospitalaspossibleandavoidhospitalvisits,particularlyasfrequentvisitsandlongperiodsoftimespentinhospitalcanbedamagingtothehealthofolderpatients.Wehavealreadyseenveryencouragingresultsfromtheuseofvirtualwardsforolderpatients.”Virtualwardsallowrealpotentialtosupportpeopletorecoverwellinthecommunity.Themodelisnotasilver
bulletandhealthleadersaremindfulthatitshouldnotworsenhealthinequalitiesbutitcouldpresentavitallifelineforthesystem.40.HowwasBraintreatedafterhisconditionstabilized?_______________________________________________________________________41.Whatdo“regionalcommandcenters”andtraditionalwardroundshaveincommon?_______________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Olderpatientswanttospendaslittletimeinhospitalaspossiblebecausemedicalresourcesinhospitalsarelimited._______________________________________________________________________43.Besideswhat’smentionedinthepassage,whatotherbenefit(s)doyouthinkvirtualhospitalsmayhave?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim来信询问你毕业后的暑期安排。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，谈谈你的打算及原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua
