资源描述：
《2023年高考英语二模试题新高考八省分项专题02 阅读理解 （说明文）（原卷版）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
专题02阅读理解（说明文）1.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中第二次质量检测试题】Forthefirsttime,UnitedNationsmembershaveagreedonaunifiedtreaty(协议)toprotectbiodiversityonthehighseas,representingaturningpointforvaststretchesoftheplanetwhereconservationhaspreviouslybeenheldbackbyaconfusingpatchwork(拼凑)oflaws.TheUNConventionontheLawoftheSeacameintoforcein1994,beforemarinebiodiversitywasawell-establishedconcept.Anupdatedframeworktoprotectmarinelifeintheregionsoutsidenationalboundarywaters,knownasthehighseas,hadbeenindiscussionsformorethan20years,butpreviouseffortstoreachanagreementhadrepeatedlyfailed.Theunifiedtreaty,whichappliestonearlyhalftheplanet’ssurface,wasreachedlateonSaturday.UNSecretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswelcomesthefinalizationofthetextoftheUnitedNationsOceanTreaty,hisspokesmansaidonSaturday.“Thisbreakthrough,whichcoversnearlytwo-thirdsoftheocean,markstheculminationofnearlytwodecadesofworkandbuildsonthelegacy(遗产)oftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea,”astatementsaid.NicholaClark,anoceanexpertatthePewCharitableTrustscalledthelong-awaitedtreatytext“aonce-in-a-generationopportunitytoprotecttheoceans-amajorwinforbiodiversity”.Thetreatywillcreateanewbodytomanagetheconservationofoceanlifeandestablishmarine-protectedare-asonthehighseas.Clarksaidthat’scriticaltoachievingtheUNBiodiversityConference’srecentpromisetoprotect30percentoftheplanet’swaters,forconservation.Thetreatyalsoestablishesgroundrulesforconductingenvironmentalimpactassessmentsforcommercialactivitiesintheoceans.TreatynegotiationswereinitiallyanticipatedtoconcludeonFriday,butstretchedthroughthenightintoSaturday.Themakingofthetreatyrepresents“ahistoricandoverwhelmingsuccessforinternationalmarineprotection,”saidSteffiLemke,Germany’senvironmentminister.8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheUNConventionontheLawoftheSea?A．ItisthebasisoftheUNOceanTreaty.B．Itleadstoalotofcontroversy.C．Ithasbeendiscussedforover20years.D．Itisacompletefailure.9．Whichofthefollowingcouldreplacetheunderlinedword“culmination”inParagraph3?A．Beginning.B．Impact.C．End.D．Break.10．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Commercialoceanactivitieswillbemonitored.B．Preservationof30%oftheplanetwillbeensured.
1C．Protectedareasonthehighseaswillbeexpanded.D．Anexistingdepartmentwillmanagetheconservation.11．WhyisthemakingoftheUNoceantreatyrecognizedasahistoricsuccess?A．Ittakestoughandlongnegotiations.B．Thehighseasarestressedforthefirsttime.C．Unityinprotectingthehighseasisachieved.D．Theconceptofmarinebiodiversityisestablished.2.【2023届福建省福州市高三第二次质量检测】WHENKIMJI-UNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.The23-year-oldstartedafarmlastyear.Herfirstharvestwasasuccess;shewassurprisedthatherblackbeansdidbetterthanherstrawberries.MsKimispartofaphenomenoncalledkitchen,orreturningtorurallife.Coinedamillenniumago,thetermcropsupduringperiodsofeconomichardship.Thistime,inthewakeofthepandemic,manynewfarmershaveneverlivedinthecountrysidebefore.Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.Theplanisworking.In2021nearly380,000peoplemovedtothecountryside.Comfortwithdigitaltechnologygivesyoungfarmersalegup,saysChoKyung-ik,thedirectoroftheBeginningFarmer’sCentre,aninstitutioneducatingthosewhowishtokwichonatitsdowntownoffices.TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea’slargestsearchengine.Thecentreteachestechniqueslikehowtouseatractor(拖拉机)orselectthebestcrops.Itarrangesatrialperiodduringwhichambitiousfarmersworkundertheguidanceofanoldhand,learningwhatitmeanstodoback-breakinglabourfromdawntodusk.Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.Thevillagersarealsoofferedtipsonhowtoacttowardsthenewcomers.Thatpartisnotyetatotalsuccess.MsKimsaysherneighbourshaveabadtemper.“Theoldpeoplecomeinhereandgivemeunwantedadvice,orsaythatIwillneverbeabletogrowanything,”shesays.Herblackbeansbegtodiffer.SheandtheSouthKoreangovernmentwillbehopingthathercropsputtheargumenttorestforgood.4．WhydoesthewritertellMsKim’sstory?A．Tostartadiscussion.B．Tointroduceatopic.
2C．Toexplainasolution.D．Tomakeacomparison.5．Whatdoestheunderlined“alegup”inparagraph3mean?A．Anewidentity.B．Ahelpinghand.C．Abigreward.D．Adifferentidea.6．Whatisthechallengefortheyoungfarmers?A．Farmingtechniques.B．Hardwork.C．Communicativeskills.D．Unwantedadvice.7．WhatcanweinferfromkwichoninSouthKorea?A．Farmingmakeshugeprofits.B．Localsneedtechnicaltraining.C．Ithelpstoreviveruralareas.D．Governmentshouldhelpfarmers.3.【2023届福建省厦门一中高三下学期二模试题】Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(诊断)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.Evenafteronlyonehourofscreentimedaily,childrenandteensmaybegintohavelesscuriosity,lowerself-control,lessemotionalstabilityandagreaterinabilitytofinishtasks,reportsSanDiegoStateUniversitypsychologistJeanTwengeandUniversityofCeorgiapsychologyprofessorW.KeithCampbell.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinassociationsbetweenscreentimeanddiagnosesofanxietyanddepressioninyouth,whichhasnotyetbeenstudiedingreatdetail.TwengeandCampbellfoundadolescentswhospendmorethansevenhoursadayonscreensweretwiceaslikelyasthosespendingonehourtohavebeendiagnosedwithanxietyordepression.Overall,linksbetweenscreentimeandwell-beingwerelargeramongadolescentsthanamongyoungchildren.“Atfirst,Iwassurprisedthattheassociationswerelargerforadolescents,”Twengesaid.“However,adolescentsspendmoretimeontheirphonesandonsocialmedia,andtheseactivitiesaremorestronglylinkedto
3lowwell-beingthanwatchingtelevisionandvideos,whichismostofyoungerchildren’sscreentime.”ThestudyprovidesfurtherevidencethattheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics’(AAP)establishedscreentimelimits—onehourperdayforthoseaged2to5,withafocusonhigh-qualityprograms—arevalid(有效的),Twengesaid.Thestudyalsosuggeststhatsimilarlimits—perhapstotwohoursaday-shouldbeappliedtoschool-agedchildrenandadolescents,saidTwenge.Intermsofprevention,establishingpossiblecausesandoutcomesoflowpsychologicalwell-beingisespeciallyimportantforchildandadolescentpopulations.“Halfofmentalhealthproblemsdevelopbyadolescence,”TwengeandCampbellwroteintheirpaper.8．WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.9．Whatisareasonforthedifferentdegreesofimpactonchildren?A．Theeffectsoftheharmfulcontents.B．Teens’strongeraddictiontoscreens.C．Theportabilityofelectronicdevices.D．Teens’negativeemotionsatdiscipline.10．WhichofthefollowingdotheresearcherswantAAPtodo?A．Providehigh-qualityprograms.B．Issueminimumscreentimelimits.C．Applythelimitstoolderchildren.D．Presentfurtherevidenceforprevention.11．Whatdoesthisstudyfocuson?A．Adolescents’mentalproblems.B．Thebadhabitsoftheyoungadults.C．Lowlevelofmentalhealthinyouth.D．Theimportanceoftheyoungpopulation.4.【2023届广东省广州天河区高三二模试题】Thisparagraphisnotordinary.Lookatit.Atfirst,itwon’tlooktooodd.Justanormalparagraph—youmay
4think.Butlookatitagainandyoumightfinditabitunusual.Canyouspotit?Isanything...missing?Whatyou’vejustreadisalipogram-atextwithoutaparticularletter.Itisthehardestkindasitdoesn’tcontaintheletterE-themostcommonletterintheEnglishlanguage.Trywritingoneyourselfandyou’llimaginethetaskfacedbytheFrenchwriterGeorgesPerec,whenafriendchallengedhimtowriteawholenovelwithoutusingE-aletterwhichisevenmorecommoninFrench.Perecwasafrighteninglycleverwriter,aloverofwordgamesandpuzzlesandalsoamasteroftheChineseboardgameGo.AswellaswritingcrosswordpuzzlesforParismagazines,hehadalreadywrittena5,000-wordpalindrome,atextthatreadsthesameforwardsandbackwards,likethewell-known“Aman,aplan,acanal-Panama.”Buthisfriendsthoughtthistaskwouldbebeyondhim.Perectookupthechallenge.Hewasunabletousemorethan70%oftheFrenchwords,includingthosemostcommonlyused.Surprisingly,hediscoveredthis“impossible”ruleunlockedhisimagination.Helaterclaimedhewrotethisnovelfasterthananyofhisotherbooks.Hewasforcedtothinkandfightforeverysentence.Hehadnochoicebuttobeoriginal.TheresultwasLaDisparition,adetectivestoryaboutthemysteriousdisappearanceofacharacternamedA．Vowl.TheonlyEswerethefourinhisnameonthecover.Despitethedozensofcluesaboutthefantasticallydifficultrule,manyoriginalreviewersfailedtospotwhatwasstaringtheminthefaces—themissingletter.Embarrassingforthecritics,buthilariousforthewriterandhisfriends.Fortunately,thegamePerecwasplayingdidnotdestroythebookitself.Everysentenceseemstwistedslightlyoutofshape,andtheresultingstyleisunique.8．Whydoesthewriterstartwithalipogram?A．ToprovePerec’sworkishard.B．TointroducePerec’stoughtask.C．Todemonstratewhatalipogramis.D．Tochallengereaderstowriteone.9．WhichofthefollowingisNOTapalindrome?A．Madam.B．Nursesran.C．NoXinNixon.D．Nolemons,nomelon.10．WhatdidPerecthinkofthechallengehetookup?A．Itforcedhimtowritefaster.B．Itenrichedhiswritingstyles.C．Nowriterbuthecouldmakeit.D．Itfreedhiscreativityinwriting.11．Whatdoestheunderlineword“hilarious”meaninparagraph5?
5A．Confusing.B．Surprising.C．Verylucky.D．Extremelyfunny.5.【2023届湖北省十一校第二次联考英语试题】Recently,Googleresearcherspublishedapaperdescribingresultsfromanartificialintelligence(AI)tool,calledMusicLM,builttocreatemusic.ItisnotthefirstAImusictooltolaunch.ButtheexamplesGoogleprovidesdemonstratemusicalcreativeabilitybasedonalimitedsetofdescriptivewords.AIshowshowcomplexcomputersystemshavebeentrainedtobehaveinhuman-likeways.GoogleengineersexplaintheMusicLMsystemthisway:First,ausercomesupwithawordorwordsthatdescribethekindofmusictheywantthetooltocreate.Forexample,ausercouldenterthisshortphraseintothesystem:“acontinuouscalmingviolinbackedbyasoftguitarsound.”Thedescriptionsenteredcanincludedifferentmusicstyles,instrumentsorotherexistingsounds.SeveraldifferentmusicexamplesproducedbyMusicLMwerepublishedonline.Someofthegeneratedmusiccamefromjustone-or-two-worddescriptions,suchas“jazz”,or“techno”.Thesystemcreatedotherexamplesfrommoredetaileddescriptionscontainingwholesentences.Intheresultingrecording,themusicseemstokeepveryclosetothedescription.Theteamsaidthatthemoredetailedthedescriptionis,thebetterthesystemcanattempttoproduceit.Inadditiontogeneratingnewmusicfromwrittendescriptions,theteamsaidthesystemcanalsocreateexamplesbasedonaperson’sownsinging,whistlingorplayinganinstrument.Theresearcherssaidthetool“produceshigh-qualitymusic...overseveralminutes,whilebeingfaithfultothetextconditioningsignal”.Althoughithasn’tbeenreleasedforpublicuse,Googleannounceditwasreleasinga“high-qualitydataset(数据集)”ofmorethan5,500music-writingpairspreparedbyprofessionalmusicianscalledMusicCaps.TheresearcherstookthatsteptoassistinthedevelopmentofotherAImusicgenerators.TheMusicLMresearcherssaidtheybelievetheyhavedesignedanewtooltohelpanyonequicklyandeasilycreatehigh-qualitymusicselections.However,theteamsaiditalsorecognizessomeriskslinkedtothemachinelearningprocess8．HowdoesMusicLMwork?A．Itadaptsmusicfromrecordings.B．Itgeneratesmusicfromwrittendescriptions.C．Itteachesusershowtoplayamusicalinstrument.D．Itrecommendssongsbasedonauser’slisteninghistory.9．WhydidGooglereleasetheMusicCapsdataset?
6A．TodisplaythecapabilitiesofMusicLM.B．ToallowthepublictouseMusicLM.C．TohelpdevelopotherAImusicgenerators.D．TopromotetheMusicCapsmusic-writingservice.10．WhatmightbeanadvantageofusingMusicLMformusiccreation?A．Itcanimprovetheoverallqualityofmusicintheindustry.B．Itcanreplacehumanmusiciansandcomposers.C．Itcanproducemusicthatismorecomplexthanhuman-mademusic.D．Itcancreatemusicquicklyandefficiently.11．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A．GooglehasdevelopedMusicLMAtocreatemusicfromwrittendescriptionsandotherinputs.B．MusicLM-anexampleofAIsystemscanbehaveinhuman-likeways.C．MusicLMcancreatemusicfollowingwrittendescriptionsandusingothersasinput.D．GooglehasreleasedadatasettohelpdevelopotherAImusicgenerators.6.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高三二模英语试题】Doyoueverfeelguiltyforrelaxing,evenafteryou’veworkedhardallday?Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia(生产力畸形).Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouraccomplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’rerunningonfumes.AuthorAnnaCodrea-Radowhowroteanarticleaboutproductivitydysmorphiaclaimed“itisthepursuitofproductivitythatdrivesustodomorewhilerobbingusoftheabilitytoenjoyanysuccesswemightencounteralongtheway”.Highlycompetitiveandjob-ledculturecontributetoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.Infact,you’reoftenpraisedforputtingproductivityaboveyourwell-being.Rememberhowschoolsrewardedperfectattendance?Similarly,companiespreferemployeeswhogetthemaxi-mumworkdonewhiletakingthefewestpossiblebreaks.Rewardslikethesehavestrengthenedthatrestisbadandthatbeingconstantlyatworkistherightthingtodo.Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime.Habitslikethesemaybebornoutofthesocialpressuretofindself-worthinworkachievements.
7Somewritershaveevenbegundescribingrestasproductive,asifpeopleshouldstoprelaxingifitdoesn’timproveperformanceinsomeway.Notonlydoesthismindsetmakeitdifficulttoviewandcelebrateyourachievements,butitalsopushesyoutobuildyourentirelifearoundwork.Theonlymilestonesthatmatterareachievingworkgoals.Theworstpart?There’snosenseoffulfillmentwhenyoureachthesegoals.8．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“runningonfumes”meaninParagraph1?A．Tired.B．Excited.C．Satisfied.D．Disappointed.9．Whichisthereasonforconstantlypursuingproductivity?A．Minorcompetitiveness.B．Pressurefromjobs.C．Instructionsfromtheboss.D．Internalizedneeds.10．Whichmaybeanexampleofproductivitydysmorphia?A．Amancompletesworkinworkinghours.B．Amanenjoysleisuretimewithhisfamily.C．Awomanworkseverywhereatanytime.D．Awomanstopsforarelaxationregularly.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedescriptionofsomewriters?A．Favorable.B．Negative.C．Unconcerned.D．Neutral.7.【2023届江苏南京市盐城市第二次调研试题】Amongmyfriends,onetopicseemstodominateourconversations:bones.Itmakessense,giventhat20percentofAmericanwomenover50haveosteoporosis(骨质疏松)andthatmorethanhalfhaveboneloss.Formen,thefiguresarelower:4percentandathird.Worldwide,oneoutofthreewomenover50andoneoutoffiveoldermenwilldevelopafracture(骨折).Anotherreasonfortheendlessargumentaboutboneproblemsismassconfusionoverhowbesttostrengthenyourbonesandwhetherdietreallymakesadifference.Dietresearchisalwaysmessy,andstudyresultsonnutritionandbonehealthhaven’tbeenconsistent.Butgraduallysomeclarityisemerging.Aswedrawupresolutionsforwhattoeat,it’susefultolookatnewdataonvitaminD．Calciumisthekeyclementforbuildingbones,andvitaminDhelpstoabsorbcalciumfromthefoodwecat,sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(补充剂)tomakeupforage-relatedboneloss.ButarecentstudyfoundthattakingDsupplementsforfiveyearsdidnotreducetherateoffracturesinseniors.Thatresultbuiltonearlierfindings,ledbythesameteam,thatthesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度).“FoodandsunexposurelikelyprovideenoughvitaminDforhealthyadults,”saysMerylLeBoff,wholedthestudy.Whatdoeshelpmaintainstrongbonesforallofus?Theeasyanswerisfoodhighincalcium,suchasmilkandtofu.Gettingitfromfoodisbest,LeBoffsays,“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients(营养物质),and
8youhaveamorecontinuousabsorptionthanwithDsupplements.”Theotherkeyelementofbonehealthinvolvescaloriesoutratherthancaloriesin.Weight-bearingexercisestimulatesboneformationthroughoutlife.Sowhilefocusingonbetternutritionalchoices,addmoreexercisetoyourdailymenu.32．Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph1emphasize?A．Theseriousnessofboneproblems.B．Theconcernaboutseniorcitizens.C．Theconfusionaboutstrengtheningbones.D．Theimportanceofhavingabalanceddiet.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2imply?A．Dietresearchisnolongerachallenge.B．We’vemaderesolutionstostudydiets.C．Findingsonbonehealthprovetobesimilar.D．Webegintoagreeonwaystokeepboneshealthy.34．Whatcanbeinferredfromtherecentstudy?A．PeoplecanabsorbvitaminDinfoodeasily.B．ThefindingsgoagainstLeBoffsearlierones.C．Dsupplementsplayaminorrolethanexpected.D．Fracturesarelinkedwithweight-bearingexercise.35．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ArecipeforbetterbonesB．Yourbonescry!C．ThemagicofDsupplementsD．VitaminDwins!8.【2023届江苏省苏北七市高三二模英语试题】WhenshefirstcametoBritainasarefugee(难民)fromNigeriasixyearsago,Kemihadathree-month-olddaughter,aroominasharedhouseand￡5.39tosurviveoneachday.Findingmoneyfornewclotheswasoutofthequestion.Afterfouryears,Kemiwasgranted(给与)refugeestatusandsecuredherfirstjobinterview—unsurprisingly,shehadnothingtowear.However,shewasreferredtoasmallsocialenterprisecalledGiveYourBest,whichaskedherhersizeandwhatkindofclothessheliked.“Andtheygavemethreebeautifulshirts.Thoseclotheswerelikegoldtome.TheyaskedmewhatIactuallywanted.Thatmakesyoufeelvalued.”
9TheinitiativewaslaunchedbySolEscobar,whohadspentseveralyearsvolunteeringatrefugeecampsinnorthernFrance.Afriendputherincontactwithahouseholdofrefugeewomenwhocouldn’taccessanyclothing.Escobarrealisedshehadsurplus(剩余)clothesshecoulddonate,andappealedtoherfriendsandnetworksforhelp.Shewasfloodedwithoffers,butdidn’twanttooverloadthewomenwithpotentiallyimproperclothing.“SoIthought,ifItakephotosofalloftheseitemsandputthemonanInstagrampage,theycanallchoosethethingsthattheyactuallywant.”Eighteenmonthslater,GiveYourBesthasprocessedalmost11,000itemsofclothing,andhasmorethan800refugeewomenapprovedto“shop”forfreeonitsvirtualshopfront.Itisaimingformuchmore,however.HavingreachedtheverylimitofdonationsandrequestsitcouldhandlethroughInstagram,theenterprisehasjustlaunchedanewdigitalplatformthatwillallowittohugelyupscale.Likethehugelysuccessfulclothingresaleapp,clothesarephotographedanduploadedtoGiveYourBest,wherecustomersselectthosetheylikeanddonorsthenposttheitem.Crucially,however,nomoneychangeshands.Aswellasgivingchoicetoitsusersandminimisingfashionwaste,Escobarsaysoneconsequencehasbeenthesmallbutintimate(亲密的)connectionsestablishedbetweendonorandshopper.Manydonorschoosetoincludeasupportivenoteandasmallgift—hugelywelcomedbyrecipients(接受者),butalsoareminderthat“ontheothersideofyourpackage,there’sawomanwhoisyoursizeandhasyourfashionsense,becauseshe’sshoppingfromyourwardrobe(衣橱)”.8．What’sthepurposeoftheenterprise?A．Toofferjobtrainingtorefugees.B．Toprovidechildcareforrefugees.C．Togiverefugeesdignityofchoice.D．Tostrengthenrefugees’socialposition.9．Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Howtheenterprisesurvived.B．Howtheenterpriseadvertised.C．Howtheenterprisewasnamed.D．Howtheenterprisewasinitiated.10．Whatdowelearnabouttheenterprisefromthetext?A．Itiswarmlyreceived.B．Itisdifficulttooperate.
10C．Itmakeshugeprofits.D．Itneedstobemorecreative.11．Whatdoestheenterprisebringtoitsdonorsandrecipients?A．Enjoyableshoppingexperience.B．Asenseofsocialresponsibility.C．Closeinterpersonalrelationship.D．Agoodinsightintofashiontrend.9.【2023届辽宁省鞍山市高三第二次质量监测英语试题】Somepeopleworryaboutrobotstakingworkawayfromhumanbeings,butthereareafewjobsthateventhesepeopleadmitmostofuswouldnotwant.Oneiscleaningupradioactivewaste,particularlywhenitisinsideanuclearpowerstation.So,sendintherobots?In2011theFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerstationinJapansufferedaseriesofmeltdownsafteritssafetysystemsfailedfollowingatsunami.Robotswerethensentintoittomonitorradiationlevelsandstartcleaningthingsup.Manygotstuck,brokedownorhadtheircircuitsfriedbytheintenseradiation.StoppingsuchthingshappeningagainispartoftheworkoftheNationalCentreforNuclearRobotics(NCNR).ItisledbyRustamStolkinoftheUniversityofBirmingham,anditspurposeistoimprovetheroutineuseofroboticsinnuclearpowerstations.OneproblemwiththerobotssentintotheruinsofFukushimaDaiichiwasthattheywerenotparticularlyclever.Mostwereoperatedbysomeoneatasafedistance.Suchmachines’armsaretrickytomoveaccuratelywhenviewedviaavideoscreen.Dr.Stolkinbelievestheansweristoequipthemwithartificialintelligence(AI),sothattheycanoperatebythemselves.Thenuclearindustry,however,isextremelyprudent.So,forthemoment,AIisneededtoassisthumanoperators.Forexample,insteadofrelyingonaremotehumanoperatortooperateallitscontrols,anAI-equippedrobotfacedwithapileofdifferentobjectstomovewoulduseacameratounderstandthoseobjects’shapesandpositionsrelativetooneanother.Itcouldthenplanhowbesttograspeachobjectandmoveittoaproperlydesigneddisposalskip.OthermembersofNCNRareexaminingdifferentaspectsoftheproblem.AttheUniversityofBristol,TomScottleadsagroupworkingonmeansforrobotstoidentifymaterials,includingvarioussortsofplastic.GerhardNeumannoftheUniversityofLincolnisdevelopingadvancednavigationsystems.Andtoensurerobots’circuitsdon’tgetfried,KlausMcDonaldMaierattheUniversityofEssexisdevelopingelectronicstofightagainsttheeffectsofradiation.
118．HowdidtherobotsperformatFukushimaDaiichiin2011?A．Theywerenotcapableofthetask.B．Theycleanedupthewasteintime.C．Theywerenotaffectedbyradiation.D．Theyfoundithardtoidentifymaterials.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prudent”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Admiring.B．Cautious.C．Successful.D．Independent.10．Whichuniversityistryingtohelprobotsfindoutwhatobjectsaremadeof?A．TheUniversityofBirmingham.B．TheUniversityofLincoln.C．TheUniversityofBristol.D．TheUniversityofEssex.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WillAIrobotsthreatenmorejobs?B．Couldrobotsreplacehumanbeings?C．Extremerobotics:cleaningupnuclearwasteD．Nuclearrobotics:speedinguptheexploration10.【2023届江苏省苏州八校联盟高三二模检测试题】Nowadays,bamboogrowthcyclesandthedietaryneedsoflemurs(狐猴)areoutofsync.Findingsshowrainfallsarechangingannually.Overthepasttwoyears,therehasbeenathree-monthdelayintherainyseasonandnewtendershootsthatlemursconsumefornutritionareappearinginJanuaryandFebruary—14daysafterthefirstrainfall,saysPatriciaChappleWright,aprimatologist,anthropologist,andconservationistatStonyBrookUniversity.“Lemurseatafoodsourcethatisveryadaptive,”PatriciaWrighttoldPBSNewsHour.“It’sabletostandclimatechange,butthelemurs,unfortunately,can’tadaptquicklytothischangedcycle.”SincebabylemursareborninNovember,thedelayedrainyseasonisdangerouslyaffectingthesurvivalofthemforlackofnutritionavailableforboththemothersandoffspring.“Thisiswhy,forextremefeedingspecialistslikethegreaterbamboolemur,climatechangecanbeanunknowingkiller,”Wrightsays.“Makingthelemursrelyonbamboostems(茎)forjustabitlongermaybeenoughtotipthebalancefromexistencetoextinction.”Thelemurs’highlyspecializedteetharealsosimilartothepandas’teeth.Botharethemammalsabletochewupstems.Butthisdietcan’tlastformorethanaseasonortwobecausethestemscanwearawaytheirteeth.Theresearchersbelievethatclimatechangeisaffectingthelemurs.Thefossilrecordshowsthatthelemursoncelivedthroughouttheisland.Today,themammalsarecorneredontheeasternside,wherethedryseasonatpresentistheshortest.Andifpeoplecontinuethedeforestationpracticeinthearea,thelemurswillhavenowheretogo.Thesituationisserious,soWrightandhercolleaguesplantocreatebamboocorridorswithintherainforests,
12whichwillprovideavailablebambootoeat.Theywanttoworkwithlocalvillagerstoplantmorebambooandmanageautomaticwateringsystemswhendryseasonslastlong.Theyalsowanttobuildthelocaleconomybyallowingpeopletoharvestapartofbamboowhiletherestremainswiththelemurs,sopeoplewillbeinterested.Wright’sconservationplansincludemovinglemursbacktootherplacesontheislandaswell.8．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Gowitheachother.B．Occuratdifferenttimes.C．Leadtoaheateddiscussion.D．Callforeffectiveprotection.9．Whywilllemursgethungryifthedryseasoncontinues?A．Theymayrunoutofbamboo.B．Theycan’tadapttothehotseason.C．Theydislikethelessdeliciousstems.D．Theycan’tchewthestemsforalongperiod.10．Whatmainlycausedthelivingareaoflemurstonarrow?A．Theclimatechange.B．Theirteethprotection.C．Thedecreasingforest.D．Theirspecialdietaryhabits.11．WhichofthefollowingmayWrightapproveoftoprotectlemurs?A．Shorteningthedryseason.B．Forbiddingthecuttingofbamboo.C．Strengtheningpeople’smotivation.D．Findingotherislandsforlemurstoliveon.
13
