2023年高考英语一模试题分项汇编广东专用专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（解析版）

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专题03阅读理解（说明文）1.【2023届广东省佛山市统考一模】It’snosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmedia,themorewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Wetendtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soit’seasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfidence.But,howoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriends?Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffectsbodyimagefoundthatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlower“appearancesatisfaction”.Additionally,itfoundthatengagingwithcontentpostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangers,includingcelebrities.VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeoplemayperceiveapostshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknow,addingexpectationorpressureonthepersonengaginginthepost,”hesaid.“Atthesametime,peoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsandcelebrities,andthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic."Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyimagethough.Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeople’slives-andifit’sgettingyoudown,you’reprobablycomparingyourinsidestootherpeople’soutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.8．Whatdidthenewstudyfind?A．Socialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.B．Friends’postsaffectusmorethancelebrities’.C．Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.D．Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.9．WhyarewemorelikelytocomparewithourfriendsaccordingtoSwami?A．Theyserveasrolemodels.

1B．Weknowthewaytheylive.,C．Theirlifestylesareaccessible.D．Wearecuriousabouttheirlife.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymean?A．Restricted.B．Related.C．Devoted.D．Exposed.11．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledo?A．Findyourdreamandfightforit.B．Stopcomparingandbeyourself.C．Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.D．Stopcomplainingandgetdowntowork.【答案】8．B    9．C    10．A    11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究。新研究发现朋友的帖子对人们的影响比名人的更大，让人们更容易与朋友进行比较。但是作者建议人们放下手机，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。8．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.(一项新的研究发现，与看名人分享的内容相比，参与朋友分享的社交媒体可能更具破坏性)”可知新研究发现朋友的帖子对我们的影响比名人的更大，故选B。9．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.(AngliaRuskin大学社会心理学教授VirenSwami认为，这部分是因为我们知道很难获得名人或影响力的生活，但当我们将自己与朋友进行比较时，感觉我们应该或者可以像他们那样生活)”可知根据Swam的说法，我们更容易与朋友进行比较是因为他们的生活方式更容易见得到，故选C。10．词义猜测题。文章划线单词下一句讲到“Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.

2(我们的生活中都有一个领域触发了我们。也许你已经找了好几个月的新工作，你在社交媒体上发现自己，羡慕你的学校朋友，他刚刚找到了他们梦想中的角色。)”可知划线单词所在句子的意思是：但这不仅仅局限于身体形象。所以第六段中带下划线的单词可能的意思是“受限制的”，故选A。11．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.(每个人都有自己的奋斗，生活对任何人来说都不完美。所以，放下手机，下线，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。)”可知作者建议人们停止比较，做你自己，故选B。2.【2023届广东省广州市统考一模】FromtheconcerthallsofEuropetothetechindustriesoftheUnitedStates,C．J.Santoshascreatedastoryacrosstheglobe.BominBrazil,SantosmovedtoSwitzerlandattheageof18,andearneddegreesinbothmusicperformanceandbusinessadministrationthere.Duringhisnext10yearsof“intense”careerasaprofessionalmusician,hespentmostofhistimeontheroad.“IhadthehonortoperforminthetopconcerthallsinEurope,”Santossaid.“Itreallyworemeouttobeconstantlytravelingandperforming,butitallowedmetoseetheworldandunderstanditinitsfulldiversity.Thiswasauniqueexperience,andIcarryitsbenefitswithmetothisday”Throughtheseexperiences,Santoswasabletobecomefluentinsixlanguages.Withtheseskillsunderhisbelt,Santosworkedwithhiswife,whoisalsofluentinfourlanguages,todevelopasmalltranslationbusiness.“Runningitwithnopriorbusinessexperiencewasachallengingbutexcitinglearning-by-doingexperience,“Santossaid.“Inaddition,thetranslationindustryexperiencedamassivedigitaltransformationinthelastdecade.”ThisbroughtSantostoanMBA/M.S.programinbusinessanalyticsandinformationmanagement,wherehegotrichexperience,knowledgeandperspectivesindifferentindustries.Theprogramprovidedhimwithsomethingheclearlyenjoysinlife:variety“Ithelpedmetakethemostadvantageofthetranslationindustry’sdigitaltransformation.WhatIgainedfromtheprogramismorethanwhatImanagedinthe15yearsinEurope,”headded.AsSantoscontinuestogrowhisbusiness,he’salsoworkingasanadvisor.“Theworld’sdigitaltransformationhasadvancedathighspeed,”hesaid.“Tome,it’sveryexcitingtobeavaluableresourcetothosewhoneedhelptojumponboardthedigitalexpress.”4．WhatdidSantosthinkofhiscareerasamusician?A．Stablebutstressful.B．Tiringbutrewarding.

3C．Uniqueandenjoyable.D．Demandingandfruitless.5．WhatdroveSantostotakeuptheMBA/M.S.program?A．HisstrongdesireforaMaster’sDegree.B．Thechallengefromstartinganewbusiness.C．Hislackofeducationbackgroundinbusiness.D．Thedemandforalearning-by-doingexperience.6．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．ThegreatvarietySantosenjoysinlife.B．Theapplicationofdigitaltransformation.C．ThebenefitsSantosgotfromtheprogram.D．Santos’sviewpointontranslationindustry.7．InwhichaspectdoesSantosprobablyofferhelpasanadvisor?A．Digitalsolutions.B．Businessanalysis.C．Translationskills.D．Resourcesmanagement.【答案】4．B    5．B    6．C    7．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了C.J.Santos从欧洲的音乐厅到美国的科技产业的经历。4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Itreallyworemeouttobeconstantlytravelingandperforming,butitallowedmetoseetheworldandunderstanditinitsfulldiversity.(不断的旅行和表演真的让我筋疲力尽，但它让我看到了世界，并充分理解了它的多样性)”可推断，桑托斯认为他的音乐家生涯虽然累但有回报。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第四段““Runningitwithnopriorbusinessexperiencewasachallengingbutexcitinglearning-by-doingexperience,“Santossaid.(桑托斯说：“在没有任何商业经验的情况下经营这家公司是一种具有挑战性但令人兴奋的边做边学的经历。”)”和第五段“ThisbroughtSantostoanMBA/M.S.programinbusinessanalyticsandinformationmanagement,wherehegotrichexperience,knowledgeandperspectivesindifferentindustries.(这使桑托斯获得了商业分析和信息管理的MBA/M.S.项目，在那里他获得了丰富的经验，知识和不同行业的观点)”可知，创业的挑战驱使桑托斯攻读MBA/M.S.项目。故选B。6．主旨大意题。根据第五段“ThisbroughtSantostoanMBA/M.S.programinbusinessanalyticsandinformationmanagement,wherehegotrichexperience,knowledgeandperspectivesindifferentindustries.Theprogram

4providedhimwithsomethingheclearlyenjoysinlife:variety.“Ithelpedmetakethemostadvantageofthetranslationindustry’sdigitaltransformation.WhatIgainedfromtheprogramismorethanwhatImanagedinthe15yearsinEurope,”headded.(这使桑托斯获得了商业分析和信息管理的MBA/M.S.项目，在那里他获得了丰富的经验，知识和不同行业的观点。这个项目为他提供了他在生活中显然很享受的东西：多样性。“它帮助我充分利用了翻译行业的数字化转型。我从这个项目中获得的东西比我在欧洲15年所管理的还要多。”)”可知，本段主要介绍桑托斯从这个项目中得到的好处。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“AsSantoscontinuestogrowhisbusiness,he’salsoworkingasanadvisor.“Theworld’sdigitaltransformationhasadvancedathighspeed,”hesaid.“Tome,it’sveryexcitingtobeavaluableresourcetothosewhoneedhelptojumponboardthedigitalexpress.”(随着桑托斯的业务不断发展，他也在担任顾问。“世界数字化转型正在高速推进，”他说。“对我来说，能够成为那些需要帮助的人乘坐数字快车的宝贵资源是非常令人兴奋的。”)”可知，桑托斯作为顾问，可能会提供数字解决方案方面的帮助。故选A。3.【2023届广东省广州市统考一模】Ourplanetquakesthousandsoftimesayear,butwestillcan’tpredictexactlywhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrike.Whatifanimals’oddbehaviorcouldwarnus?Researchershavereviewedhundredsofreportsonpre-quakeabnormalanimalbehaviors,butmorewerejustanecdotes.GeologistJimBerklandcountednewspaperadslookingforrunawaycatsanddogs.OnOctober13,1989,hetoldanewspaperreporterabigquakewouldstrikeinaweek.Fourdayslater,theLomaPrietamega-quakehit!ButthescientificcommunitystillrejectedBerkland’stheory.Hedidn’tdocumenteveryprediction,sonobodycouldmeasurehisaccuracyrate.Actualscientificevidencehastoberepeatable.Andaconnectionbetweenacauseandaneffecthastobeshowntobestrongerthanrandomchancethroughcarefulexperimentationanddatacollection.Californiaresearchersinthe1970shappenedtohavebuiltcontrolledhabitatstomonitorthewheel-runningactivityofpocketmice.Thesehabitatshappenedtobeinanactiveearthquakearea.Thenthe1971SanFernandoearthquakestrucknearby.Theresearcherscheckedtheirdataandfoundnobigchangesinhowlongtheanimalsranintheirwheelsorstayedundergroundbeforetheearthquakeactivity.Whatmightthenextexperimentshow?Researchersfrom150universitiesworldwideareworkingonanewstudycalledtheICARUSproject.Theprojecttracksmanysmallanimalspeciessuchasbirds,bats,andturtlesforthepurposeofscientificresearch.Onegroupofresearchersislookingforpossibleconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorandearthquakes.Iftheyfindareliableconnection,thiscouldsavehundredsofthousandsofhumanlives.ICARUSaimstopoweranappthatwillgivepeoplehourstogettosafety.

5However,noteveryoneishopeful.GeologistWendyBohonsaidthatICARUSisdoingsome“coolthings,”butsheknowsanimalbehaviorishardtopindown.“Mycatcouldactcrazybeforeanearthquake,”shesays.“Butitalsoactscrazyifsomebodyusesthecanopener.”8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anecdotes”meaninparagraph2?A．Real-lifenewsstories.B．Randomindividualstudies.C．Repeatedscientificreports.D．Unprovedpersonalaccounts.9．WhywasBerkland’stheoryrejectedbythescientificcommunity?A．Heusedunreliabledatafromnewspaperads.B．Hisdocumentwasn’tconsistentwithhistheory.C．Hisstudydidn’tincludeenoughanimalsamples.D．Hefailedtoprovetheaccuracyofhispredictions.10．WhatistheultimategoaloftheICARUSproject?A．Toprovideaccuratepre-quakewarnings.B．Todevelopanapptocallforhelpduringquakes.C．Toseekworldwidecooperationsinquakeprediction.D．Tofindconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorsandquakes.11．WhatisWendyBohon’sattitudetowardstheICARUSproject?A．Disapproving.B．Doubtful.C．Intolerant.D．Unclear【答案】8．D    9．D    10．A    11．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对地震前动物异常行为的研究，希望提供准确的震前预警。8．词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Researchershavereviewedhundredsofreportsonpre-quakeabnormalanimalbehaviors,(研究人员查阅了数百份关于地震前动物异常行为的报告，)”和转折词but可知，这些地震前动物异常行为的报告是传闻，即未经证实的报告。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“ButthescientificcommunitystillrejectedBerkland’stheory.Hedidn’tdocumenteveryprediction,sonobodycouldmeasurehisaccuracyrate.

6(但是科学界仍然拒绝接受伯克兰的理论。他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率。)”可知，伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝，是因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Onegroupofresearchersislookingforpossibleconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorandearthquakes.Iftheyfindareliableconnection,thiscouldsavehundredsofthousandsofhumanlives.ICARUSaimstopoweranappthatwillgivepeoplehourstogettosafety.(一组研究人员正在寻找动物行为和地震之间的可能联系。如果他们找到可靠的联系，这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在为一款应用程序提供动力，让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。)”可知，ICARUS项目的最终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,noteveryoneishopeful.GeologistWendyBohonsaidthatICARUSisdoingsome“coolthings,”butsheknowsanimalbehaviorishardtopindown.“Mycatcouldactcrazybeforeanearthquake,”shesays.“Butitalsoactscrazyifsomebodyusesthecanopener.”(然而，并非所有人都抱有希望。地质学家温迪·博汉说，ICARUS正在做一些“很酷的事情”，但她知道动物行为很难确定。“我的猫在地震前会表现得很疯狂，”她说。“但如果有人用开罐器，也会显得很疯狂。”)”可推断，温迪·博汉对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。4.【2023届广东省惠州市高三一模】We’veallhadaguiltypleasureortwo.MaybeitwasanawkwardTVshowthatweenjoyedalittlebittoomuch,maybeasongwelistenedtoironicallyuntilitbecameabittoounironic.Perhapsasnacksodisgustingitwoundupcomingbackaroundtobedelicious,oramoviesoegregiousthatitendedupbeingafantasticwatch.Thoughweoftenwonderwhyweenjoythesethings,weshouldreallybeaskingourselveswhywefeelguiltyforenjoyingthem.Withtheobviousexceptionofthingsthatareharmfultopeople,ourharshjudgmenttowardourselvesandothersoverwhatweenjoydoesnothingbutharmourindividualexpressionandenjoyment.It’snaturaltowanttoappear“cool”tootherpeople—whateverthatmaymeantoyou.Withtheculturaltendencyandthemeanstoshareliterallyanythingandeverythingyouenjoyviasocialmedia,weperfectlycurate(管理)themediaweconsumetomatchsomesortofimaginedidealaesthetic(美学)—atrapthat’smuchtooeasytofallinto.Don’tfallintothetrap!Mypointis,thethingsthatholdusbackfromopenlyenjoyingour“guiltypleasures”oftencomefromcompletelyunfoundedplaces.Thisisespeciallytruethatateenagegirlwouldratherbemisunderstoodthanadmitshelikespink.Frankly,what’sthepoint?Whoareyouprovingyourselfto,andwhydoyoufeeltheneedto?Ifyou’renotharminganyone,andyouaregettinghappinessfromsomething,thenwhybotherholdingyourselfback

7fromitjusttopreservesomekindofcuratedimageofwhoyou’resupposedtobe?Lifeishardenoughasitis.Ifyou’vefoundsomethingthateasesthestressoflifeevenjustalittlebit,holdontoitfordearlife.MarathontheTwilightmovies.Readasupertacky(俗气的)romancenovel.Throwthatguiltrightoutofthewindowwithabsolutelynoregrets,anddowhateveritisthatmakesyouhappy.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“egregious”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Moving.B．Unpopular.C．Thrilling.D．Unbearable.9．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．Mostpeoplewanttogainrecognitionfromothers.B．Socialmediahasabadimpactonself-recognition.C．Culturetendencysetsastandardforidealaesthetic.D．Peopleenjoycuratingthemediathattheyconsume.10．Whatwouldholdusbackfromenjoying“guiltypleasure”?A．Thedesiretoleadasimplelife.B．Theintentiontoshowoffourselves.C．Theneedtoadmitthatwelikepink.D．Thepurposetoguardouridealimage.11．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A．Findwaystoovercomehardlife.B．Setourselvesfreefromfixedopinions.C．Haveanin-depthself-talktofindoursouls.D．Talkwithpeopleandmakeourowndecisions.【答案】8．D    9．A    10．D    11．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉我们要放弃“内疚的快乐”，学会做快乐的事情。8．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第三句话“Perhapsasnacksodisgustingitwoundupcomingbackaroundtobedelicious（也许是一种如此恶心的零食，以至于它最终回来变得美味）”以及表示选择关系的连词or可知，前后表达的意思一致。根据第三句话后半句话“thatitendedupbeingafantasticwatch.（以至于它最终成为一场很棒的观赏。）”可知，画线词与unbearable同义，意为“难以忍受”。故选D项。9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句话“It’snaturaltowanttoappear“cool”tootherpeople（想要对其他人来说显得“很酷”是很自然的）”可知，作者主要表达了大多数人都想得到别人的认可。故选A项。10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句话“Mypointis,thethingsthatholdusbackfromopenlyenjoyingour“guiltypleasures”oftencomefromcompletelyunfounded

8places.（我的观点是，阻碍我们公开享受“内疚的快乐”的事情往往来自完全没有根据的地方）”可知，没有根据的地方应是理想的。D项“维护我们理想形象的目的”符合题意。故选D项。11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句话“Ifyou’vefoundsomethingthateasesthestressoflifeevenjustalittlebit,holdontoitfordearlife.（如果你已经找到了一些可以缓解生活压力的东西，哪怕只是一点点，那就坚持下去吧。）”可知，作者会支持人们做一些事情来缓解生活压力。B项“让自己从固定的意见中解脱出来”符合题意。故选B项。5.【2023届广东省惠州市高三一模】Earthquakescannotbeforecast,butengineerscanprepareforthem.Seismic-isolation(地震隔离)systemsbuiltintothebasesofcertainbuildingsinhigh-riskareas,usecomplexstructuresofconcrete,rubberandmetaltoreducequakedamagebyabsorbingtheground’shorizontalshaking.Butsuchadaptationsareexpensive.EngineerJianZhangoftheUniversityofCalifornia,saysbuildingseismicisolation-systemcanincreaseconstructioncostsbyupto20percent.Althoughthesesystemsmightsavemorethantheycostovertime,buildersinsomeregionsmaynothavethebudgetforthematpresent.Anewseismic-isolationmethodusesthephysicsofrollingtocreatealower-costalternativewithreadilyavailablematerials:recycledtennisballs.“Everyoneplaystennis,andtheydon’tknowwhattodowiththetennisballsaftereachgame,”saysETHZürichseismicengineerMichalisVassiliou.Vassiliou’steambaseditsmethodonanearlyformofseismic-isolationthatrollsashakingbuildingtoastopthewayaskaterinahalf-pipeeventuallycomestorest.Byseparatingabuildingfromthegroundwithalayerofspheres(球体),rollingisolationchangesunstablehorizontalshakingintoagentlerockingmotion.Thismethodwasusedin5,000-year-oldPeruvianpyramids,buttodaybuildersfavorexpensive,standardizedisolationsystems.Fortheirmoderntakeonrollingseismic-isolation,theresearchersinjectedconcrete-likemixesintohundredsofballsthathadlosttheirbounce.Theybuiltaninexpensivemodelconsistingoffourfilledtennisballssandwichedbetweentwoconcreteslabs(厚板),andtheyfoundthatitwithstoodearthquakeshakingwhilesupportingeightkilonewtonsofforceperball—abouttwicewhatisolationsystemsmightexperienceunderone-storyhouses.Zhangsaysthattheworkisworthwhileandthatsuchtechnologymightserveanunmetneed.Butshenotesthattheresultsareprimary.Vassiliouagrees;nextstepswillmeancreatingandtestingalargermodelwithhundredsoftennisballsataresearchcenterinearthquake-proneCuba—anexampleofaplacewheresuchsystemscouldmakeisolationpracticableinordinaryconstruction.12．Whydotheengineersadoptrecycledtennisballs?A．Toimprovetheperformanceoftennisballs.

9B．Tohelpdealwiththetennisballsaftermatches.C．Tosimplifythecomplexstructuresofbuildings.D．Tocuttheexpenseofseismic-isolationbuilding.13．Whateffectcouldthenewmethodachieve?A．Recyclinguselesstennisballs.B．Transformingtheshakingintoagentleone.C．Withstandingearthquakeshaking.D．Enablingahousetosupportmuchmoreforce.14．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZhang’sattitudetowardsthenewtechnology?A．Doubtful.B．Unclear.C．Objective.D．Approving.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．ResearchersarecreatingandtestingmodelsinCuba.B．Engineersareexploringwaysofearthquakeforecasts.C．Alow-costdesignhelpsshakingbuildingsrolltoastop.D．Recycledtennisballscouldprotectbuildingsfromdisasters.【答案】12．D    13．B    14．C    15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的隔震方法利用滚动的物理特性，用现成的材料（回收的网球）创造一种成本较低的替代方案。12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Anewseismic-isolationmethodusesthephysicsofrollingtocreatealower-costalternativewithreadilyavailablematerials:recycledtennisballs.（一种新的隔震方法利用滚动的物理特性，用现成的材料（回收的网球）创造一种成本较低的替代方案。）”可知，工程师们使用回收的网球是为了降低隔震建筑的费用。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Byseparatingabuildingfromthegroundwithalayerofspheres(球体),rollingisolationchangesunstablehorizontalshakingintoagentlerockingmotion.（通过用一层球体将建筑物与地面隔开(球体),滚动隔离将不稳定的水平振动变为轻微的摇摆运动。）”可知，这种新型方法可将震动转化为轻柔的震动。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Zhangsaysthattheworkisworthwhileandthatsuchtechnologymightserveanunmetneed.Butshenotesthattheresultsareprimary.（张说，这项工作是值得的，这样的技术可能服务于一个未满足的需求。但她指出，结果是初步的。）”可知，张既肯定这项工作是值得的，但同时也承认这项结果是初步的，所以他对这项新技术持客观公正的态度。故选C。15．主旨大意题。本文前两段指出建筑隔震系统增加建筑成本，从而引出第三段话题——一种新的隔震方法。下文继续阐述该方法的设计原理和隔震效果解释这种新型隔震方法。C项“Alow-costdesignhelpsshaking

10buildingsrolltoastop.（一种低成本的可以帮助摇晃的建筑物停下来的设计。）”最能概括文章主旨。故选C。5.【2023届广东省茂名统考一模】Scientistsbelievenatureisgoodforourwell-being.Butwhat’sthesecretthatbringsaboutthebenefit?ArecentstudybyresearcherCraigAndersonandhisworkmatessuggestsitcouldbeawe(敬畏)—thatsenseofbeinginthepresenceofsomethinggreaterthanourselvesthatfillsuswithwonder.Thefirstpartofthestudyhadsomepeoplegoonafour-dayriverrafting(漂流)trip.TheyrowedthroughdangerousrapidsintheforestedareasinCalifornia.Theyalsocampedoutinthewild.Beforeandafterthetrip,theyreportedontheirwell-being,includingtheirstresslevelsandsatisfactionwithlife.Duringthetrip,theykeptdiariesabouttheirsentiments,includingwhetherthey’dfeltawe,peace,gratitude,joy,orpridethatday.Attheendofthetrip,theirwell-beinghadincreasedgreatly.Afterthetrip,theresearchersdiscoveredawe—aboveotherpositiveemotions—seemedtoexplaintheimprovement.Inthesecondpart,Andersonstudiedwhetheraweplayedaroleinmoreordinary,everydaynatureexperiences.Theanswerisalsoyes.Thisisgoodnews,saysAnderson,becausesometimesit’snotthateasyforpeopletohavelongwildernesstrips.“Youdon’thavetodoamazingexperiencesinnaturetofeelawe,”saysAnderson.“Bytakingafewminutestoenjoyflowersorasunset,youalsoimproveyourwell-being.“Andersonsaysthatawemaybenefitwell-beingbycausinga“smallself”—asensethatyouwillhavewhenyou’reinthepresenceofsomethingbiggerthanyourself,whichmaymakeworriesandstresseslesssignificantbycomparison.Buthealsosaysthattherecouldbeotherwaysthatnatureexperiencesimproveourwell-being,besidescausingawe.Forexample,therelatedphysicalexerciseinnaturecouldhavemadeadifference,too.Anyway,Andersonbelievesthere’senoughevidencetoencourageustoaddmorenaturetoourdailylife.”Peopleneedtoslowdownandmakespaceforthatintheirlives,”Andersonsays.8．WhatdidthestudybyAndersonandhisworkmatesmainlyfind?A．Thebenefitsatriphasonpeople.B．Whatintereststravelersinnature.C．Theviewspeoplehaveaboutnature.D．Whatmakesbeinginnaturebeneficial.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sentiments”inparagraph2mean?A．Feelings.B．Desires.C．Discoveries.D．Experiences.

1110．Howdoesawetakeeffectaccordingtothetext?A．Bystressingthegreatnessofnature.B．Byhelpingpeopleforgettheirworries.C．Byencouragingpeopletobelostinnature.D．Bymakingpeople’sproblemsseemlessserious.11．WhatdoesAndersonsuggestpeopledo?A．Maketimetodoexercise.B．Showrespecttonature.C．Getintouchwithnature.D．Makeacomparisonwithothers.【答案】8．D    9．A    10．D    11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了通过研究发现，身处自然界中会让人们感到幸福，这是因为在自然界中产生的敬畏之情发挥着关键作用。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientistsbelievenatureisgoodforourwell-being.Butwhat’sthesecretthatbringsaboutthebenefit?ArecentstudybyresearcherCraigAndersonandhisworkmatessuggestsitcouldbeawe.(科学家们相信大自然对我们的健康有益。但带来好处的秘诀是什么？研究人员CraigAnderso及其同事最近的一项研究表明，这可能令人敬畏)”以及第二段中“Afterthetrip,theresearchersdiscoveredawe—aboveotherpositiveemotions—seemedtoexplaintheimprovement.(旅行结束后，研究人员发现敬畏（高于其他积极情绪）似乎可以解释这种改善。)”可知，Anderson和同事们的实验表明在自然界中的敬畏之情能够增加人们的幸福感，故可推测，他们通过实验发现了使身处自然界变得有益的因素。故选D项。9．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Duringthetrip,theykeptdiariesabouttheirsentiments,includingwhetherthey’dfeltawe,peace,gratitude,joy,orpridethatday.(在旅途中，他们记录了自己的，包括当天是否感到敬畏、平静、感激、喜悦或自豪。)”可知，“敬畏、平静、感激、喜悦或自豪”这些都是情绪，所以猜测实验要求参与者们记录下自己的“情绪”。故选A项。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Andersonsaysthatawemaybenefitwell-beingbycausinga‘smallself’...whichmaymakeworriesandstresseslesssignificantbycomparison.(安德森说，敬畏可能会导致“渺小的自我”，从而有益于健康……相比之下，这可能会使担忧和压力变得不那么重要。)”可知，敬畏感可以创造一种“小我”的感觉，让人们感觉身处某些更大的事物面前，自身似乎显得有些渺小，从而使人们在比较之下内心的焦虑和压力显得不那么重要了。故选D项。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Anyway，Andersonbelievesthere’senoughevidencetoencourageustoaddmorenaturetoourdailylife.‘Peopleneedtoslowdownandmakespaceforthatintheirlives,’Anderson

12says.(无论如何，Anderson相信有足够的证据可以鼓励我们在日常生活中加入更多的自然元素。Anderson说，人们需要放慢脚步，在生活中留出空间。)”可知，Anderson建议人们放慢生活的节奏，腾出时间来接触大自然。故选C项。7.【2023届广东省茂名统考一模】Osaisanathleticyetstubborn62-poundGermanshepherd(德国牧羊犬).Thesix-year-olddoghasmasteredtheartofsniffing(嗅)outcancerandiskeytoaresearchprojectthathasthepotentialtochangeoncology(肿瘤学).OsaispartofanambitiouseffortlaunchedfiveyearsagoattheUniversityofPennsylvaniathataimstodeveloponeofthemostpowerfulscent-detectionmachinesintheworld:thecaninenose.Sheisabletodistinguishbetweenbloodsamplestakenfromcancerpatientsandtheirhealthypeerssimplybysniffingthem.Infact,Osaisoneoffivecancer-detectiondogstrainedbyAnnmarieDeAngeloandherco-workersattheuniversity’sPennVetWorkingDogCenter.Themostimportantgoalistodevelopan“electronicsniffer”thatcanapproachthecancer-sniffingsuperpowersofOsaandherpartners.OsaarrivedatthePennVetWorkingDogCenterfromabreederattwomonthsofage.Eversince,shehastakentraining.Theprocessisdemanding,challengingandrepeateduntilthedoghasmasteredthemostessentialtaskofall.Finally,shehassucceededinsniffingoutcancer.TotransformOsa’sremarkableabilitiesintoanelectronicnose,researchersuseasimilarapproachtotrainthemachine.Anelectronicnoseprototype(雏形)hasbeenbuilt,andit’ssuccessfulinsniffingoutcancer90to95percentofthetime.Thatteamhasalsocorrectlydetecteddifferenttypesofcancer,andisbuildingacancer-detectingdevicefortheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Oneobjectiveistobeabletodistinguishbetweenearly-andlate-stagecancer.“Itwouldbeincredibletoidentifypeopleatanearlystageandreallyhaveanimpactonsavinglives,”saysaresearcher.“Thedogshavebeenabletodetectthat.Withthatability,abloodtestcouldbesenttoacentrallab,orideallyperformedinadoctor’soffice,makingsomehiddencancersathingofthepast.Weexpectthatthecancer-snifferdevicewillbecompleteinashorttime.”12．WhatcanwelearnaboutOsafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．SheusedtobeastrongGermandog.B．Shewashardtodealwithintheresearch.C．Sheuseshernosetoknowthepresenceofcancer.D．Shecanchangethedevelopmentoftheoncology.13．WhichwordcanbestdescribethetrainingOsareceived?A．Strict.B．Complex.C．Unstable.D．Endless.14．Whatcanweinferfromtheresearcher’swordsinthelastparagraph?

13A．Bloodtestswillbemoredifficultinthefuture.B．Therewillbemoredogsusedfordetectingcancer.C．Distinguishingcancersisimportantinearlyexperiments.D．Hiddencancersmaybedetectedbyanelectronicnosesoon.15．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheResultsofaStudyonSpecialDogsB．TheImportanceofDogsinDetectingCancersC．TheApproachestoDistinguishingCancersD．TheProblemofHavingaCancerBloodTest【答案】12．C    13．A    14．D    15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员通过训练使得五只狗可以利用嗅觉提前发现癌症，这为电子嗅探器的完成奠定了基础。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thesix-year-olddoghasmasteredtheartofsniffing(嗅)outcancer(这只六岁的狗已经掌握了嗅出癌症的本领)”以及第二段中“Sheisabletodistinguishbetweenbloodsamplestakenfromcancerpatientsandtheirhealthypeerssimplybysniffingthem.(她只需嗅一嗅，就能区分癌症患者和健康同龄人的血液样本)”可知，Osa用鼻子来知晓癌症的存在。故选C项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Eversince,shehastakentraining.Theprocessisdemanding,challengingandrepeateduntilthedoghasmasteredthemostessentialtaskofall.(从那以后，她一直在接受训练。这个过程要求很高，很有挑战性，而且反复进行，直到狗掌握了最基本的任务)”可知，该训练非常严格。故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘Itwouldbeincredibletoidentifypeopleatanearlystageandreallyhaveanimpactonsavinglives,’saysaresearcher.‘Thedogshavebeenabletodetectthat.Withthatability,abloodtestcouldbesenttoacentrallab,orideallyperformedinadoctor’soffice,makingsomehiddencancersathingofthepast.Weexpectthatthecancer-snifferdevicewillbecompleteinashorttime.’(一位研究人员表示：‘在早期阶段就识别出对挽救生命有影响的人，这将是难以置信的。狗已经能够检测到这一点。有了这种能力，血液检测可以被送到中央实验室，或者最好在医生的办公室进行，让一些隐藏的癌症成为过去。我们预计癌症嗅探器设备将在短时间内完成。’)”可知，研究人员已确定狗经训练后具备知晓癌症的能力，这种能力可以使一些隐藏的癌症成为过去，并预计癌症嗅探器将很快完成。从而可推断出，一些隐藏的癌症可能很快可以通过电子鼻被发现。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“OsaispartofanambitiouseffortlaunchedfiveyearsagoattheUniversityofPennsylvaniathataimstodeveloponeofthemostpowerfulscent-detectionmachinesintheworld:thecanine

14nose.Sheisabletodistinguishbetweenbloodsamplestakenfromcancerpatientsandtheirhealthypeerssimplybysniffingthem.(Osa是五年前宾夕法尼亚大学发起的一项雄心勃勃的计划的一部分，该计划旨在开发世界上最强大的气味检测机器之一：犬鼻。她只需嗅一嗅，就能区分癌症患者和健康同龄人的血液样本)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍了研究者通过训练使得狗能够通过嗅觉区分癌症患者与正常人体的血液样本，以此判断病人是否患有癌症，这将为癌症嗅探器的完成提供了很大帮助。从而可知，本文主要在说明狗在检测癌症中所起的重要作用。故选B项。8.【2023届广东省梅州市高三一模英语试题】Whilemostofusareneverwithoutoursmartphonesrobotsmayalsosoonbecomeessentialcompanions.ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激),thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.DuringthecampaigntoencouragevaccinationagainstCOVID-19,publichealthofficialsrecognizedthatsomepeoplearesimplyafraidofneedles,whichcontributedtoreducedvaccinationrates.Whiletheproblemsofpatientanxietyandpainduringmedicalprocedureshavebeenwellstudiedthereremainsaneedtotestandimplementsolutionstohelppatients.Thesoftfur-coveredrobotthescientistscalledReliebowasdesignedtobeattachedtotheparticipant’shand.Theresearcherstesteditseffectivenessundervariousconditionsbasedontheclenchingoftheparticipant’shand,whileapplyingthepainfulthermalstimulustotheotherarmthatwasnotbeingusedtoholdtherobot.Theresearchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.“Itiswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots,”statesProfessorTanaka.Thismaybeusefulwhenactualhumancontactisnotfeasible,suchasduringpandemics.FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.12．Whatisthepurposeoftherobot?A．Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.B．Tohelprelievepeople’spainfrominjections.

15C．Toevaluatepatients’physicalandmentalhealth.D．ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.13．Howdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthepatients?A．Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients’hand.B．Therobot’ssoftfurgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.C．Therobot’s“interpersonaltouch”createsafeelingsofwell-being.D．Therobotinstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatients.14．Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?A．Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.B．Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.C．Evaluatethepossibleriskofusingtherobot.D．Promotetheapplicationoftherobotworldwide15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoReducePeople’sFearofInjections.B．AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatientsC．BeingAfraidofNeedlesReducedVaccinationRatesD．WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.【答案】12．B    13．C    14．A    15．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本研究人员最近进行的实验，他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人从而保护人们免受焦虑。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.(从日本研究人员最近进行的实验来看，似乎确实如此。他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，供患者在治疗期间使用，如注射和其他令人不快的治疗，试图减轻他们的疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑。)”可知，这款机器人可以减轻患者的疼痛。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.“Itiswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots,”statesProfessor

16Tanaka.(研究人员发现，无论实验条件如何，抱着机器人都有助于缓解患者的体验，并得出结论，人类触摸所产生的幸福感可能也被机器人激活了。田中教授说：“众所周知，人与人之间的接触可以减少疼痛和恐惧，我们相信即使是在无生命的软体机器人身上也能达到这种效果。”)”可知，这款机器人让人们在触摸它的时候产生了幸福感，从而缓解了疼痛和焦虑。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.(未来版本的机器人可能会使用控制凝视甚至AR(增强现实)技术来帮助与患者建立联系，或在各种情况下分散他们对疼痛的感知。)”可推断，研究人员未来会开发一些其他的医疗功能。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激),thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.(从日本研究人员最近进行的实验来看，似乎确实如此。他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，供患者在治疗期间使用，如注射和其他令人不快的治疗，试图减轻他们的疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑。在接受适度的热刺激时，佩戴机器人的研究参与者比不佩戴机器人的测试参与者感受到的疼痛要少。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，它们可以帮助那些害怕注射的人们，以缓解他们的焦虑。所以“WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.(可穿戴软机器人帮助人们避免打针。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。9.【2023届广东省深圳市大湾区高三一模英语试题】Althoughweallexperiencefailureinourlives,wedon’tallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninterestingresearchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsasopportunitiestore-focustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Then,thereareotherpeoplewhoseefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanyway,andtheyprobablyneverwill.Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset.PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplacethemselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyoureacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelight

17bulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,“Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?”Edisonanswered,“Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.”Instudiesofcreativepeople,psychologistsdiscoveredthatadistinguishingfeatureseparatingthemfromthenon-creativeisthattheymakelotsofmistakesandcontinuetoworkthroughthem.Mostpeopleconsidersuccessandfailureaspolaropposites.Inreality,theyarebothpartsofthesameprocess.8．Whatmightpeoplewithagrowthmindsetagreewith?A．Challengesarewelcomed.B．Mistakescanbeavoided.C．Successisduetogoodluck.D．Onlytalentleadstosuccess.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asteppingstone”inparagraph2referto?A．Aroadtonowhere.B．Achallengeintheway.C．Anoutcometoexpect.D．Achancetoadvance.10．WhydoestheauthormentionThomasEdisoninparagraph3?A．Tomakeaprediction.B．Topresentafact.C．Tosupportaviewpoint.D．Toclarifyaprinciple.11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Howpeopleinterpretfailureoftendeterminestheircreativeoutput.B．Learningfromsuccessplaysanimportantpartinimprovingcreativity.C．Growthmindsetpeopleseechallengesdifferentlyfromfixedmindsetones.D．Whichgrouppeopleputthemselvesindecideshowtheyreacttochallenges.【答案】8．A    9．D    10．C    11．A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章指出人们对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出，相比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，具有成长型思维的人用发展的眼光看待失败，更具有创造力。8．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.

18(如果你经历过失败，并将其视为一次提升自己的机会，那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。)”，以及第三段第一句“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.(根据研究，成长组的人往往比固定组的人产生更多的创造性想法。)”可知，对于成长性思维的人来说，失败只是一个垫脚石，从失败中他们能生成更多创新的点子，所以具有成长型思维的人愿意接受挑战，故选A项。9．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.(如果你经历了失败，放弃了，你就很方便地把自己分配到固定的群体。如果你经历过失败，并将其视为asteppingstone，那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。)”可知，固定型思维的人遇到失败就放弃，而与之相对的是，成长型思维的人把失败当作有帮助的，可以促进发展，可推知，划线短语asteppingstone和D项“Achancetoadvance.(一次提高的机会)”意思相近，故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.(根据研究，具有成长型思维的人往往比固定型思维组的人产生更多的创造性想法)”可知，这句话为段首核心观点。下文“Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,‘Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?’Edisonanswered,‘Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.’(为了说明这一点，以托马斯·爱迪生为例。在19世纪，爱迪生试图改进灯泡，并试验了许多材料。经过一千多次试验，他终于发现了一种维持光的元素。一位记者曾经问他：‘你似乎已经尝试了很多次，但每次都失败了。为什么呢？’爱迪生回答说：‘我没有失败。我发现了一万种行不通的方法。’)”可知，此处为典型举例表述，结合其内容可知，作者提到爱迪生是以其为例来支撑本段首句提出的观点。故选C项。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文第一、二段主要介绍了具有成长型思维的人和具有固定型思维的人对待失败的截然不同的态度和反应；第三、四段论证了具有成长型思维的人，善于用发展的眼光看待失败，相比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，更具有创造力，可本文的大意为：对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出。故选A项。10.【2023届广东省广州市统考一模】Fromcottagessurroundedbyimpressivegardenstodaysspentexploringsandybeachesanddeepwoodsfilledwithwildlife,inMyFamilyandOtherAnimals,EnglishwriterGeraldDurrellprovidedavividaccountofhisfamily’stimeontheGreekislandofCorfuinthe1930s.ComeforthearrestingdescriptionsofCorfulandscapesandstayforDurrell’slaugh-out-loudtalesofhis

19unusualfamily.Thisbook,Durrellwrotehumorouslyintheintroduction,“wasintendedtobeanostalgic(怀旧的)accountofnaturalhistory,butinthefirstfewpages,Imadethemistakeofintroducingmyfamily.”Durrell,laterknownforhiszookeepingandthepreservationofwildlife,wasjustachildduringhisfamily’sfive-yearstayinCorfu.Heis10-year-oldGerryinthebook—curious,passionateaboutanimalsandadetailedstorytellerofhisstrangefamily:hisimaginativeelderbrotherLarrywithhisliteraryambitions,lovestrucksisterMargo,sportybrotherLeslieandhisever-calm,lovingmother.Durrell’sattentiontodetailiswhatmakesthebooksowinning,witheverysight,soundandsmelloftheislandbroughttolife.Oneminuteyou’llbelaughingasLarry’scleverliteraryfriendswalkdowntothedaffodil-yellowcottage,thenextyou’llbecatchingyourbreathasDurrelldescribesswimmingatnightintheIonianSea:“Lyingonmybackinthesilkywater,staringatthesky,onlymovingmyhandsandfeetslightly,IwaslookingattheMilkyWaystretchinglikeasilkscarfacrosstheskyandwonderinghowmanystarsitcontained.”MyFamilyandOtherAnimalsisquitedifficulttoclassify,beingoneparttravel,onepartautobiography,onepartnaturalhistory,andonepartcomedy,withathreadofdescriptivelanguagerunningthroughoutthatsometimesraisesitnearlytopoetry.Asarealdelighttoread,it’stheperfectliteraryescapismforanyadultorolderteenagerwhoiscurrentlywalkingdownatoughroadinlife.4．WhichwordbestdescribesDurrell’slifeinCorfu?A．Risky.B．Busy.C．Tough.D．Diverse.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2?A．Iintroducedmyfamilybymistake.B．Ishouldn’thaveintroducedmyfamily.C．Icouldn’thelpintroducingmyfamily.D．Igavewronginformationaboutmyfamily.6．Whatareparagraph4and5mainlyabout?A．Thebook’swritingfeature.B．Durrell’srichimagination.C．Someinterestingplotsofthebook.D．Somevividdescriptionsoftheisland.7．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Toshareanexperience.

20B．Torecommendabook.C．Tointroduceawritingstyle.D．Todescribeanunusualplace.【答案】4．D    5．C    6．A    7．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章推荐了英国作家GeraldDurrell的一本书——《我的家人和其他动物》。4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Fromcottagessurroundedbyimpressivegardenstodaysspentexploringsandybeachesanddeepwoodsfilledwithwildlife,inMyFamilyandOtherAnimals,EnglishwriterGeraldDurrellprovidedavividaccountofhisfamily’stimeontheGreekislandofCorfuinthe1930s.(从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋，到探索沙滩和充满野生动物的深林的日子，在《我的家人和其他动物》一书中，英国作家GeraldDurrell生动地描述了20世纪30年代他的家人在希腊科孚岛的时光。)”可知，Durrell在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选D项。5．词句猜测题。根据语境和划线句前文“wasintendedtobeanostalgic(怀旧的)accountofnaturalhistory,butinthefirstfewpages,(本想成为一本关于自然史的怀旧书，)”可知，作者原本想写一本关于自然史的怀旧书，从而推知，划线词句“butinthefirstfewpages,Imadethemistakeofintroducingmyfamily.(但在前几页，我错误地介绍了我的家人。)”其中划线部分应为“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”的意思。故选C项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Durrell’sattentiontodetailiswhatmakesthebooksowinning,witheverysight,soundandsmelloftheislandbroughttolife.(Durrell对细节的关注使这本书如此引人入胜，岛上的每一个景象、声音和气味都栩栩如生。)”和第五段“MyFamilyandOtherAnimalsisquitedifficulttoclassify,beingoneparttravel,onepartautobiography,onepartnaturalhistory,andonepartcomedy,withathreadofdescriptivelanguagerunningthroughoutthatsometimesraisesitnearlytopoetry.(《我的家庭和其他动物》很难归类，一部分是游记，一部分是自传，一部分是自然历史，一部分是喜剧，一种描述性的语言贯穿始终，有时几乎把它提升到诗歌的境界。)”可知，这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选A项。7．推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“Asarealdelighttoread,it’stheperfectliteraryescapismforanyadultorolderteenagerwhoiscurrentlywalkingdownatoughroadinlife.(作为一种真正的阅读乐趣，对于任何目前正走在艰难人生道路上的成年人或年龄较大的青少年来说，这是一种完美的文学逃避。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是为了推荐这本《我的家庭和其他动物》。故选B项。11.【2023届广东省肇庆市统考一模】Finalexamsarearoundthecomer—butthatwon’tstopsometeenagersputtingintheleasteffort.Thismaybebecausetheirbrainsaren’tdevelopedenoughtoproperlyassesshowhighthestakes(利害关系)are,andadapttheirbehaviouraccordingly.

21CatherineInsel,atHarvardUniversity,andherteamaskedadolescentsbetweentheagesof13and20toplayagamewhilemonitoringtheirbrains.Insomeroundsofthegame,participantscouldearn20centsforacorrectresponse,whileanincorrectonewouldcostthem10cents.Butinroundswithhigherstakes,correctresponseswereworthadollar,andwronganswerslosttheparticipants50cents.Theteamfoundthatwhiletheoldervolunteersperformedbetterinthehighstakesrounds,theyoungeronesdidn’t—theirperformancedidn’tchangeinlinewithwhetherthestakeswereloworhigh.Andtheolderthevolunteerswere,themoreimprovedtheirperformancewas.Whentheteamlookedatthebrainactivityofthevolunteers,theyfoundthattheirabilitytoimprovetheirperformancewaslinkedtohowdevelopedtheirbrainswere.Aregioninthebrain,whichcontinuestodevelopuntilweareatleast25yearsold,seemedtobeparticularlyimportant.Thefindingsexplainwhysometeenagersaresounconcernedwhenitcomestohazardousbehaviors,suchasdrivingtoofast,forinstance,especiallywhenoneoftheirfriendsisnearby.Inselthinksschoolsshouldreconsiderthewaytheytestperformanceinteenagers.“Thisstudysuggestsit’snotagoodideatoevaluateschoolperformanceinasinglefinalexam”,shesays.Abetterideawouldbetouseavarietyofsmallertests,conductedthroughouttheyear.It’snotallbadnewsforteens,though.Teenagersputthesameamountofeffortintotasksthataren’t“important”,andstarttopreferhobbiestoschool.Itcouldbeagoodthing,allowingteenagerstolearncomplexsocialskills,forexample.12．Whydidtheresearcherssetdifferentbetsinthegame?A．Toteachhowtomakemoney.B．Tobettermonitorparticipants’brains.C．Toshowthevariedrisklevelsofthegame.D．Tomeettheneedsofdifferentparticipants.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazardous”probablymean?A．Dangerous.B．Abusive.C．Specific.D．Addictive.14．Whatshouldbekeptinmindwhileassessingstudents’performance?A．Itshouldnotbejudgedbyonlyoneexam.B．Theitemsinexamsshouldnotbetoodifficult.C．Exam-focusededucationshouldnotbeadopted.D．Examinationisnotagoodmeansofevaluatingstudents.

2215．WhatisInsel’sattitudetoteenagers’puttingeffortinto“unimportant”tasks?A．Unclear.B．Favorable.C．Doubtful.D．Negative.【答案】12．C    13．A    14．A    15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以一项实验研究的结果说明了青少年大脑判断事情重要程度的能力随着年龄增大而增加，这解释了为什么马上要考试了，有些青少年却仍不努力学习。作者认为应该用多次考试来更加准确地评价青少年的学业表现。12．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Theteamfoundthatwhiletheoldervolunteersperformedbetterinthehighstakesrounds,theyoungeronesdidn’t—theirperformancedidn’tchangeinlinewithwhetherthestakeswereloworhigh.(研究小组发现，虽然年龄较大的志愿者在高风险回合中表现更好，但年龄较小的志愿者没有——他们的表现并没有随着风险的高低而改变)”可知，研究的结果发现“年纪稍大的参与者在利害关系更高的回合中表现得更好”。由此可推知，研究人员设置不同赌注的目的是为了使游戏的冒险程度不同。故选C。13．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的举例“suchasdrivingtoofast(比如开得太快)”可知，一些青少年对危险行为如此漠不关心。由此可知，划线单词的意思为“危险的”。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句话““Thisstudysuggestsit’snotagoodideatoevaluateschoolperformanceinasinglefinalexam”,shesays.(“这项研究表明，在一次期末考试中评估学校成绩不是一个好主意”，她说)”可知，不能只通过一次考试来判断学校的成绩。故选A。15．观点态度题。根据最后一段“It’snotallbadnewsforteens,though.Teenagersputthesameamountofeffortintotasksthataren’t“important”,andstarttopreferhobbiestoschool.Itcouldbeagoodthing,allowingteenagerstolearncomplexsocialskills,forexample.(不过，这对青少年来说并不都是坏消息。青少年将同样的精力投入到不“重要”的任务中，并开始喜欢业余爱好而不是上学。这可能是一件好事，比如让青少年学习复杂的社交技能)”可知，作者认为青少年花时间做一些不重要的事情可能也是一件好事，让他们可以学到复杂的社交技巧。由此推知，作者的态度是“赞同的”。故选B。12.【广东省六校联盟2023年高三联考】Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearequickeningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap—butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourish

23asvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletobesparedfrominsects.Thelandscapeisrendered(致使)lesseasilyburnable.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030—financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions(拍卖).That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotallandareathatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watersheds(分水岭)andopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph1?A．Globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol.B．Peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming.C．Extremeweatherconditionsmayarise.D．Forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat.9．WhatdoestheCalifornia’sForestCarbonPlanintendtodo?A．Toexpandtheforestplantingarea.B．Toreducethedensityofsomeofitsforests.C．Tofindmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects.D．Torestoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires.10．WhatisessentialtoCalifornia’splanaccordingtoParagraph4?A．Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.B．Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.C．Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.D．Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.11．Accordingtotheauthor,California’sPlanis________.A．impracticalB．worthlessC．promisingD．appealing【答案】8．D    9．B    10．A    11．C

24【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于人类，森林可能成为一个潜在的威胁，因此加州提出的森林碳计划旨在加倍努力，减少小树数量，清除部分森林的灌木丛。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearequickeningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.(森林给了我们阴凉、安静，也是应对气候变化的最艰难挑战之一。即使我们人类依靠森林吸收我们产生的大部分二氧化碳，我们也在威胁它们这样做的能力。我们正在加速的气候变化可能有一天会给我们留下排放比吸收更多碳的森林)”可推知，作者在第1段中暗示了森林可能成为一个潜在的威胁。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.(该州提出的森林碳计划旨在加倍努力，减少小树数量，清除部分森林的灌木丛)”可知，加州的森林碳计划打算减少一些森林的密度。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotallandareathatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.(这只是可以受益的土地总面积的一小部分，总共约50万英亩，因此优先考虑火灾或干旱风险最大的地区至关重要)”可知，加州计划的关键是优先处理严重危险地区。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.(直到最近，他们才认识到森林在储存碳方面所起的重要作用。加州的计划有望在明年由州长最终确定，应该成为一个样板)”可推知，作者认为，加州的计划是有希望的。故选C。13.【2023年广东省深圳市统考一模】ThefirsttimethatImetablindscientist.IworkedinaprogramfordisabledstudentsinterestedinpursuingSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Maths)research.Untilthatpoint,ithadneveroccurredtomehowblindstudentswerepreventedfromreceivingscienceeducation.Mydailyexperienceinclassroomsconsistedofprofessorsdrawingandwritingontheboardwiththeassumptionthatstudentsintheclasscouldsee.Butwhataboutthosestudentswhocannotseeorsufferfromvisionproblems?ArecentpaperfromBaylorUniversity,ledbyKatelynBaumerandBryanShaw,wasinspiredbyexactlythisproblem.Theydesignedastudytoassesswhetherpeoplecouldlearntorecognize3Dmodels,likethoseoftenusedtoteachscience,withtheirmouthsinsteadofwiththeireyes.A202lpaperinNaturefoundthatprimates(灵长类动物)showedthesamebraincircuitactivation(激活)whengraspingobjectswiththeirhandsandwhenmovinganobjectwiththeirtongues.Thisindicatesthattheremaybe

25underlyingsimilaritiesofphysicalmanipulations(操纵)ofthehandandthemouth.BaumerandShawfoundthattherewascomparabletouchrecognitionwithhandstomouthmanipulationrecognitionwhenusingthesemodels.365collegestudentsand31primaryschoolstudentsparticipatedinthestudy.Theparticipantswereblindfoldedandthendividedintotwogroups,oneassignedtomanipulateobjectsbyhand,andonetomanipulatetheobjectswithonlytheirmouths.Eachparticipantwasgivenasinglemodelproteintostudy.Theythenwereaskedtoidentifywhethereachofasetofeightotherproteinmodelsmatchedtheoriginaltheyweregiven.Theresearchteamsawthatbothagegroupsofstudentswereabletosuccessfullydistinguishbetweenmodels.Moreover,theaccuracyofrecallingthestructureswashigherinpeoplewhoonlyassessedthemodelsthroughmouthmanipulation.Althoughthisstudydidnotinvolveblindorlow-visionstudents,itsetsthebasisforexpandingintothemnext.Itmayofferawaytohavesciencebecomemoreaccessible,whichistheultimategoal.8．WhowillmostprobablybenefitfromBaumerandShaw’sstudy?A．Professors.B．Collegestudents.C．Primaryschoolstudents.D．Blindandlow-visionstudents.9．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A．Explainaconcepttoreaders.B．Providesupportinginformation.C．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.D．Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.10．Whatmethodisusedinthestudy?A．Makingcomparisons.B．Doingsurveys.C．Conductinginterviews.D．Reviewingpapers.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ArecentpaperaboutSTEMeducation.B．Aproteinmodelusedinscienceteaching.C．Apotentialwayfordisabledstudentstolearnscience.D．Anacademicprogramforblindscientiststodoresearch.【答案】8．D    9．B    10．A    11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是：科学家发现人们用嘴学习可以达到和眼、手一样的效果，从而为盲人或弱视人群参与科学学习提供了一种解决办法。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Butwhataboutthosestudentswhocannotseeorsufferfromvisionproblems?(但是那些看不见或有视力问题的学生怎么办呢？)”和第二段中“ArecentpaperfromBaylor

26University,ledbyKatelynBaumerandBryanShaw,wasinspiredbyexactlythisproblem.(由凯特琳·鲍默和布莱恩·肖为主的贝勒大学最近的一篇论文正是受到了这个问题的启发)”可知，盲人和弱视学生最有可能从该项研究中受益。故选D项。2.推理判断题。文章第三段内容主要“A202lpaperinNaturefoundthatprimates(灵长类动物)showedthesamebraincircuitactivation(激活)whengraspingobjectswiththeirhandsandwhenmovinganobjectwiththeirtongues.Thisindicatesthattheremaybeunderlyingsimilaritiesofphysicalmanipulations(操纵)ofthehandandthemouth.(2021年刊登在《自然》上的一篇论文发现灵长类动物用手抓握物体和用舌头移动物体时会显示同样的大脑回路激活机制。这说明手和嘴的物理操纵方面存在潜在的相似性。)”由此可知，本段主要为研究提供支持信息。故选B项。3.推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Theparticipantswereblindfoldedandthendividedintotwogroups,oneassignedtomanipulateobjectsbyhand,andonetomanipulatetheobjectswithonlytheirmouths.Eachparticipantwasgivenasinglemodelproteintostudy.Theythenwereaskedtoidentifywhethereachofasetofeightotherproteinmodelsmatchedtheoriginaltheyweregiven.(参与者被蒙上眼睛，然后分成两组，一组被分配用手操作物体，另一组只用嘴操作物体。每个参与者给予一个单一的模型蛋白质进行研究。然后，他们被要求确定另外八种蛋白质模型中的每一种是否与给他们的原始蛋白质模型相匹配。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究者把受试人员分为两组，分别用手和用嘴操纵物体，每位受试者先学习一个蛋白质模型，然后让他们辨认一组八个模型中哪一个符合他们学习的模型，对比结果得出结论，因此主要采用了对比研究方法。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科学家研究发现人们用嘴学习可以达到和眼、手一样的效果，从而为盲人或弱视人群参与科学学习提供了一种潜在的解决办法。故选C项。14.【2023年广东深圳宝安区统考一模】IfyouhaveaSmartTV,you’lloftenfindyourselflostfacingsomanyviewingchoicesavailable.HaveyoueverwonderedhowitisthatwecanstreamNetflixvideostoourhomes,inhighdefinition,inaninstant?Thesecrettothistechnologicalmiracleisoneofthemostimportanttricksincomputing:compression—tomakethingssmaller.Theideaissimple:thesmallerafileis,themoreyoucanfitinacomputer,andthefasteritcanbetransferred(传输)overtheInternet.Ijustsavedaphotoofmycat,Hashtag,intwodifferentformats.Theuncompressedimage(savedasBMPfile)was36.6megabytes,whilesavedasaPNGfile,thephotowascompresseddowntojust10.8megabytes.That’sthreetimeslessstoragespace,andathreetimesfasterdownloadifitispostedontheInternet.

27Anotherwaytomakefilesevensmaller,knownas“lossy”compression,istothrowawaywhatwedon’treallyneed.Takeavideoforexample.Usually,videofilesareverylargebecausetheyhavetocontainlotsofinformationtodigitallyreproducethepicturesandsounds.Butit’sveryeasytosavespacebyremovingtheunnecessarydetails,likeallofthesuper-quietpartsofthesoundtrackthatarebarelyperceptibleifyou’renotahi-fienthusiastwearingsomeexpensiveheadphones.JPEGphotosworkaccordingtothesame“lossy”principlestoo.MyphotoofHashtagasaJPEGbecomesassmallasjust1.3megabytes,butIcan’treallytellanydifferencebetweenitandtheoriginalimage.So,whynotjustcompresseverythingdowntobeabsolutelytiny?Itisn’talwaystheanswer.Sometimesyou’llneedamorepowerfulcomputertodecompress(解压)afile,andothertimesyou’llwanttokeeptheoriginalsattheirmaximumpossiblequality,especiallyiftheyareyourownpersonalphotosandvideos.Butforeverythingelse,compressionisabrilliantwaytodomorewithless,whetheryou’rewatchingNetflix,streamingSpotify,orevensharingphotosofyourcatonline.8.Inwhichformatisanimagetransferredfastestonline?A.Netflix.B.BMP.C.PNG.D.JPEG.9.Whichwordbestreplacestheunderlinedword“perceptible”inparagraph3?A.Enjoyable.B.AcceptableC.Noticeable.D.Changeable.10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“domorewithless”inthelastparagraph?A.Completemoretaskswithlessefforttomake.B.Bemorefunctionalwithsmallerfilestodealwith.C.Becomemorepowerfulwithlessspacetouse.D.Makefilesbetterinqualitywithfewerdetailstolose.11.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toraiseanappeal.B.Toformanopinion.C.Toanalyseaphenomenon.D.Toexplainaconcept.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是文件压缩这种技术。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theideaissimple:thesmallerafileis,themoreyoucanfitinacomputer,andthefasteritcanbetransferredovertheInternet.(这个理念很简单：文件越小，你在电脑里能装的东西就越多，通过互联网传输的速度也就越快。)”和第三段的“Anotherwaytomakefilesevensmaller,knownas“lossy”compression,istothrowawaywhatwedon’treally

28need.(另一种使文件更小的方法，称为“有损”压缩，是丢弃我们不真正需要的内容。)”及“JPEGphotosworkaccordingtothesame“lossy”principlestoo.(JPEG照片也遵循同样的“有损”原则。)”可知，JPEG格式在线传输图像最快，故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“ifyou’renotahi-fienthusiastwearingsomeexpensiveheadphones(如果你不是一个戴着昂贵耳机的高保真音响发烧友)”和“MyphotoofHashtagasaJPEGbecomesassmallasjust1.3megabytes,butIcan’treallytellanydifferencebetweenitandtheoriginalimage.(我的HashtagJPEG照片变得只有1.3兆字节，但我真的看不出它和原始图像之间有什么区别。)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“但通过删除不必要的细节来节省空间是非常容易的，比如所有的音乐中超安静的部分，如果你不是一个戴着昂贵耳机的高保真音响发烧友，你几乎察觉不到”，因此划线词perceptible意为“可察觉到的，值得注意的”，和noticeable意思相近，故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Theideaissimple:thesmallerafileis,themoreyoucanfitinacomputer,andthefasteritcanbetransferredovertheInternet.(这个理念很简单：文件越小，你在电脑里能装的东西就越多，通过互联网传输的速度也就越快。)”和“whetheryou’rewatchingNetflix,streamingSpotify,orevensharingphotosofyourcatonline(无论你是在看Netflix、流媒体Spotify，还是在网上分享你的猫的照片)”可知，domorewithless的意思是“要处理的文件更小就更有效”，即Bemorefunctionalwithsmallerfilestodealwith，故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Thesecrettothistechnologicalmiracleisoneofthemostimportanttricksincomputing:compression—tomakethingssmaller.(这一技术奇迹的秘密是计算中最重要的技巧之一:压缩——使物体变小。)”和第二段的“Theideaissimple:thesmallerafileis,themoreyoucanfitinacomputer,andthefasteritcanbetransferred(传输)overtheInternet.(这个想法很简单：文件越小，你在电脑里能装的东西就越多，通过互联网传输的速度也就越快。)”可知，本文主要讲的是文件压缩这种技术，因此目的是解释一个概念。故选D。15.【2023年广东深圳宝安区统考一模】WhenKurtBenirschke,aresearcherattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,startedcollectingskinsamplesfromrareandendangeredanimalsin1972,hedidn’thaveafirmplanonwhattodowiththem.Afewyearslater,hemovedhiscollectiontoSanDiegoZoo,andcalledittheFrozenZoo.Benirschkepassedawayin2018,buthiseffortsareverymuchalive.Today,theFrozenZooistheworld’slargestanimalcryobank(冷库),withsamplesfromover10,500individualanimalsfrom1,220species.Ithasreachedsomemilestonesinthefieldofgenetics(遗传学),startingwiththecloningofthefirstanimal—asheep

29namedDolly—in1996.Althoughcloningisn’tperfect—anIndianoxtheyclonedonlysurvivedfor48hours,it’sausefultooltohelpsaveendangeredspecies,becauseitcanincreasegeneticdiversity.Whenthepopulationofaspeciesdeclines,theremaininganimalsareforcedtoreproducewithinacloselyrelatedgroup,andthusthegeneticpoolbecomessmaller,whichfurtherthreatenssurvival.Inaspeciesofanimals,thegeneticdiversityiswhatgivesitflexibility,theabilitytobouncebackfrombignaturaldisasters,virusattacksordiseaseattacks.That’sbecauseiftherearemoredifferenttypesofgeneticsinaspecies,thereisahigherchancethatsomewillsurvive.Withthecurrentalarmingrateofbiodiversityloss,allresearchersagreethatatightercooperationbetweenallcryobanksisanecessity.Thetaskisenormous,becausethereareamillionspeciesatrisk.“Weneed50differentgeneticsamplesfromeach,sothatmeans50millionsamples;foreachofthose,weneedfivebottlesforeachsample,sothat’shundredsofmillionsofsamplesthatneedtobestored,”Rydersays.“Ifwehadaconversationwiththefuturetheywouldsay,pleasesaveasmuchbiodiversityasyoucan,now.Period,”headds.“Andtheywouldsay,dothatbyallmeansavailable.”12.WhichofthefollowingdidBenirschke’seffortsinclude?A.Collectingendangeredanimals.B.RebuildingSanDiegoZoo.C.Buildingananimalcryobank.D.CloningthefirstanimalDolly.13.Howdoescloninghelpwithanimalsurvival?A.Byincreasinggeneticdiversity.B.Byboostinganimalreproduction.C.Bydevelopinggenetictechnology.D.Byfightingagainstvirusattacks.14.What’sthepurposeofParagraph4?A.Toconfirmtheimportanceoftheanimalcryobanks.B.Toexplainthesupersizeofresearchers’futurework.C.Torevealtheseriousimpactsofbiodiversityloss.D.Toraiseanassumptiontosaveendangeredanimals.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhattheTechofCloningCanDoforGeneticsB.HowBenirschkeDealtwithBiodiversityLossC.WhataConversationwiththeFutureSuggestsD.HowFrozenZoosCouldSaveDyingSpecies【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是冷冻基因这种技术对保护基因多样性的重要性。

30【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Afewyearslater,hemovedhiscollectiontoSanDiegoZoo,andcalledittheFrozenZoo.(几年后，他把他的收藏搬到了圣地亚哥动物园，并称之为“冰冻动物园”。)”可知，Benirschke的努力包括建立了一个生物冷库，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Althoughcloningisn’tperfect—anIndianoxtheyclonedonlysurvivedfor48hours,it’sausefultooltohelpsaveendangeredspecies,becauseitcanincreasegeneticdiversity.(尽管克隆并不完美——他们克隆的一头印度牛只存活了48小时，但它是帮助拯救濒危物种的有用工具，因为它可以增加基因多样性。)”可知，克隆通过增加基因多样性帮助动物生存，故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thetaskisenormous,becausethereareamillionspeciesatrisk.“Weneed50differentgeneticsamplesfromeach,sothatmeans50millionsamples;foreachofthose,weneedfivebottlesforeachsample,sothat’shundredsofmillionsofsamplesthatneedtobestored,”Rydersays.(这项任务是艰巨的，因为有一百万种物种处于危险之中。“我们需要从每个人身上获得50个不同的基因样本，这意味着5000万个样本；对于每一个样本，我们需要5瓶，所以需要储存数亿个样本，”Ryder说。)”可知，第四段的目的是为了解释研究人员未来工作的超大规模。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Ithasreachedsomemilestonesinthefieldofgenetics,startingwiththecloningofthefirstanimal—asheepnamedDolly—in1996.(它已经在遗传学领域取得了一些里程碑式的成就，从1996年克隆出第一只动物——一只名叫多利的绵羊开始。)”，第三段的“Althoughcloningisn’tperfect—anIndianoxtheyclonedonlysurvivedfor48hours,it’sausefultooltohelpsaveendangeredspecies,becauseitcanincreasegeneticdiversity.(尽管克隆并不完美——他们克隆的一头印度牛只存活了48小时，但它是帮助拯救濒危物种的有用工具，因为它可以增加基因多样性。)”和倒数第二段的“Withthecurrentalarmingrateofbiodiversityloss,allresearchersagreethatatightercooperationbetweenallcryobanksisanecessity.(鉴于目前生物多样性丧失的速度令人担忧，所有研究人员都认为，所有冷冻银行之间加强合作是必要的。)”可知，冷冻基因这种技术对保护基因多样性的重要性，因此最好的题目是D选项“HowFrozenZoosCouldSaveDyingSpecies(冰冻动物园如何拯救濒临灭绝的物种)”，故选D。16.【广东省肇庆市一中2023年2月统考】Itislikelythatmostpeoplehavethesharedfeeling:howcomeChristmasappearstocomearoundquickerandquickereachyear?Questionnairesbypsychologistshaveshownalmosteveryonefeelstimeispassingfaster

31nowcomparedtowhentheywerehalforaquarterasold.Moststrikingly,lotsofexperimentshaveshownthat,whenolderpeopleareaskedtoguesshowlongthetimeis,orto“reproduce”thelengthofperiodsoftime,theyguessashorteramountthanyoungerpeople.In1877,PaulJanetsuggestedtheproportionaltheory,whereachildof10feelsayearas1/10ofhiswholelifewhileamanof50as1/50,sothesubjectivesenseofthe50-year-oldmanisthattheseareinsignificantperiodsoftime.Therearealsobiologicaltheories.Thespeedingupoftimeislinkedtohowourmetabolism(新陈代谢)graduallyslowsdownaswegrowolder.Children’sheartsbeatfasterthanadults’.Theybreathemorequickly.Withtheirbloodflowingmorequickly,theirbodyclocks“cover”moretimewithinthespaceof24hoursthanoursdoasadults.Ontheotherhand,olderpeoplearelikeclocksthatrunslowerthannormal,sothattheylagbehind,andcoverlessthan24hours.Inthe1930s,thepsychologistHudsonHoaglandfoundbodytemperaturecausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.Once,whenhelookedafterhisillwife,henoticedshecomplainedhe’dbeenawayforalongtimeevenifonlyawayforafewmoments.Therefore,Hoaglandtestedherperceptionoftimeatdifferenttemperatures,findingthehigherhertemperature,themoretimeseemedtoslowdownforher,andthatraisingaperson’sbodytemperaturecanslowdownhissenseoftimepassingbyupto20%.Timedoesn’tnecessarilyhavetospeedupaswegetolderthough.Itdependsonhowweliveourlives,andhowwerelatetoourexperiences.8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellbythequestionnairesandexperimentsinparagraph1?A．Theoldfeeltimefliesfasterthantheyoung.B．Timenowisshorterthanbefore.C．Agingmakespeoplethinkslowly.D．Theoldvaluetimemorethanbefore.9．WhichisNOTthefactorforchildren’sslowperceptionoftimeaccordingtobiologicaltheories?A．Children’sheartsbeatfasterthanadults’.B．Childrenbreathemorequickly.C．Childrenrunmorequickly.D．Children’sbodyclocks“cover”moretimewithinthespaceof24hours.10．WhomayfeeltimegomoreslowlybythetheoryofHudsonHoagland?A．Achildwithslowermetabolism.B．Akidfeelingill.C．Agrown-upfeelingfreezing.D．Anadultwithahighfever.

3211．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HowTimeFlies!B．Whatcausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.C．LiveaFunLife!D．Timeisspeedingup.【答案】8．A    9．C    10．D    11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。大多数人可能都有同样的感受：为什么圣诞节一年比一年来得快呢？心理学家的调查问卷显示，几乎每个人都觉得现在时间过得比自己年龄一半或四分之一时快。文章介绍了保罗·珍妮特提出的比例理论、生物学理论和心理学家哈德森·霍格兰的体温理论。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Questionnairesbypsychologistshaveshownalmosteveryonefeelstimeispassingfasternowcomparedtowhentheywerehalforaquarterasold.Moststrikingly,lotsofexperimentshaveshownthat,whenolderpeopleareaskedtoguesshowlongthetimeis,orto“reproduce”thelengthofperiodsoftime,theyguessashorteramountthanyoungerpeople.(心理学家的调查问卷显示，几乎每个人都觉得现在时间过得比自己年龄一半或四分之一时快。最引人注目的是，大量的实验表明，当老年人被要求猜测时间有多长，或“重现”一段时间的长度时，他们猜测的时间比年轻人要短)”可知，间卷调查和实验表明同样长的一段时间，老年人觉得短，而孩子觉得很长，所以可以推理老年人觉得时间过得快。故选A项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thespeedingupoftimeislinkedtohowourmetabolism(新陈代谢)graduallyslowsdownaswegrowolder.Children’sheartsbeatfasterthanadults’.Theybreathemorequickly.Withtheirbloodflowingmorequickly,theirbodyclocks“cover”moretimewithinthespaceof24hoursthanoursdoasadults.(时间的加速与我们的新陈代谢有关，随着年龄的增长，速度逐渐变慢。孩子们的心跳比成年人快。他们呼吸得更快。由于他们的血液流动得更快，他们的生物钟在24小时内“覆盖”的时间比我们成年人多。)”可知，儿童血液流动更快，而不是跑得快。故选C项。10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Therefore,Hoaglandtestedherperceptionoftimeatdifferenttemperatures,findingthehigherhertemperature,themoretimeseemedtoslowdownforher,andthatraisingaperson’sbodytemperaturecanslowdownhissenseoftimepassingbyupto20%.(因此，霍格兰测试了她在不同温度下的时间知觉，发现她的体温越高，时间对她来说似乎越慢，而提高一个人的体温可以使他对时间流逝的感觉慢20%)”可知，人的体温越高，就会觉得时间越慢。由此可知，一个人发烧体温高时会觉得时间过得比较慢。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。文章第一段“Itislikelythatmostpeoplehavethesharedfeeling:howcomeChristmasappearstocomearoundquickerandquickereachyear?(可能大多数人都有这样的感觉：圣诞节怎么一年比一年快？)”提到了人感觉时间过得更快了；第二段“In1877,PaulJanetsuggestedtheproportionaltheory,whereachildof

3310feelsayearas1/10ofhiswholelifewhileamanof50as1/50,sothesubjectivesenseofthe50-year-oldmanisthattheseareinsignificantperiodsoftime.(1877年，保罗·珍妮特提出了比例理论，一个10岁的孩子感觉一年是他一生的1/10，而一个50岁的男人感觉一年是他一生的1/50，所以50岁的男人主观感觉这些都是不重要的时间。)”提到了保罗·珍妮特的比例理论；第三段“Therearealsobiologicaltheories.Thespeedingupoftimeislinkedtohowourmetabolism(新陈代谢)graduallyslowsdownaswegrowolder.(还有一些生物学理论。随着年龄的增长，我们的新陈代谢逐渐减慢，这与时间的加快有关。)”从生物学理论解释了时间加快的原因；第四段“Inthe1930s,thepsychologistHudsonHoaglandfoundbodytemperaturecausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.(20世纪30年代，心理学家哈德森·霍格兰发现，体温会导致对时间的不同感知。)”提到了哈德森·霍格兰的发现，即体温会导致时间的不同感知；最后一段“Timedoesn’tnecessarilyhavetospeedupaswegetolderthough.Itdependsonhowweliveourlives,andhowwerelatetoourexperiences.(不过，随着年龄的增长，时间并不一定会加快。这取决于我们如何生活，以及我们如何与我们的经历联系起来。)”提到了时间并不一定会加快，这取决于如何生活。由此可推知，本文目的在于解释“人为何会觉得时间在加快”这一问题。B项“Whatcausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.(是什么导致了不同的时间观念?)”最能概括本文主要内容。故选B项。17.【广东省湛江市2023年统考调研】“Idon’tfeellikeI’mverygoodatdrawingrealpeopleintherealworld,”saysAxelScheffler.Theillustrator(插图画家)isfamousforhisunusualandwonderfulpicturesofanimals,butnowtheCOVID-19pandemichasbroughthimbackintotherealworld.Theelderillustratorhasjusthelpedtoproducewhatmusthavebeenoneofthefastestbooksinhistory.Coronavirus:ABookforChildrenwaswritten,illustratedandthenpublishedforfreeonlineinthespaceofaweek!Factsareimportantbutthebookisalsofrankabouttheuncertaintytheworldfaces.There’sachapteronvaccines(疫苗)whichexplainsthatthediseaseisnewandcurrentlyhasnocure.“Honestyiscrucialforchildrenofanyage,youhavetohavetheirtrust,”saidScheffler.Thebookdealswithissuessuchasnotseeinggrandparentsandcopingwithannoyedparentswhomightbetryingtoworkfromhomethemselvesatastressfultime.Thereactiontothebookhasbeenoverwhelming.“I’mnotadoctororanursebutasanillustratorthiswassomethingIcoulddotohelpandIfeelproudthatithashadthisamazingresponse,”saidScheffler.Likeallgoodchildren’sstories,thebookendsonapositivenote.There’sapictureoffamilies,doctorsandnursescelebratingtogetherandthecaption(说明文字)reads“Onedaythisstrangetimewillbeover.”Scheffler

34said,“Rightnow,hopeisveryimportantforchildren,becauseonedaythispandemicwillindeedbeoverandthenperhapswecanstandclosetogetheragainasthecharactersdoonthelastpageofthisbook.”4．WhyisAxelSchefflersowell-known?A．Hedrawswonderfulpicturesofanimalsforbooks.B．Heisalwaysinterestedintherealworld.C．Heisbetteratdrawingrealpeoplethanothers.D．Heobservesdifferentkindsofanimals.5．Whatcanweknowaboutthebookmentionedinparagraph2?A．Itwasmainlyabouthowtocurethedisease.B．Itwasfreeofchargeforreadersonline.C．Itwasthefastestbookwritteninhistory.D．Itwasfullyfinishedinlessthanaweek.6．What’sScheffler’sattitudetohisownbehaviorinparagraph4?A．Negative.B．Proud.C．Indifferent.D．Doubtful.7．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheFastestBookWasIllustratedWithinaDayB．AnIllustratorHelpedPublishedOneoftheFastestBooksC．AnIllustratorWasEncouragedbyDoctorsandNursesD．TheCOVID-19PandemicBroughtanIllustratorBacktoReality【答案】4．A    5．D    6．B    7．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一本在插图画家Scheffler的帮助下，只花不到一周时间就从写作到出版的图书。4．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Theillustrator(插图画家)isfamousforhisunusualandwonderfulpicturesofanimals,butnowtheCOVID-19pandemichasbroughthimbackintotherealworld.(这位插画家以其不寻常而精彩的动物照片而闻名，但现在新冠肺炎大流行将他带回了现实世界)”可知，这位插图画家是因为画动物而出名的。故选A项。5．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Coronavirus:ABookforChildrenwaswritten,illustratedandthenpublishedforfreeonlineinthespaceofaweek!(《冠状病毒：一本儿童书》在一周的时间内完成了写作、插图和在线免费出版！)”可知，这本书从写作到出版历时不到一周。故选D项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段Scheffler说的话““I’mnotadoctororanursebutasanillustratorthiswassomethingIcoulddotohelpandIfeelproudthatithashadthisamazingresponse,”said

35Scheffler.(Scheffler说：“我不是医生或护士，但作为一名插画师，这是我可以帮忙的事情，我为它得到的惊人的回应感到自豪。”)”可知，Scheffler为这件事感到自豪。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Theelderillustratorhasjusthelpedtoproducewhatmusthavebeenoneofthefastestbooksinhistory.Coronavirus:ABookforChildrenwaswritten,illustratedandthenpublishedforfreeonlineinthespaceofaweek!(这位年长的插图画家刚刚帮助制作了一本历史上最快的书。《冠状病毒：一本儿童书》在一周的时间内完成了写作、插图和在线免费出版！)”可知，本文主要介绍在插图画家Scheffler的帮助下完成的这本书。故选B项。18.【2023年广东省新高考普通高中统考一模】TheQatar2022WorldCuponNov.20,2022isthefirstwintereditioninthehistoryofWorldCupandthefirstWorldCupplayedintheArabworld.Qatarwasthecountryofbarelythreemillionpeople,oneoftheworld’sbiggestproducersofnaturalgas,havingspenttensofbillionsofdollarsonbuildingstadiumsandinfrastructure.IthasbuilteightstadiumsfortheWorldCupaswellasanewairport,seriesofroadsandabout100newhotels.Newstadiumscostmorethan$6.5bnandadriverlessmetrorailsystemwithapricetagof$36bnservesfiveoftheeightvenues.FrommotiontrackingballstoAIassistedoffsidedetector,Qatar’sfirstWoldCupisfilledwithnewtech.EarlierthisyearAdidasrevealed‘AlRihla’,theofficialmatchballofthe2022WorldCup.AlRihlatranslatesas‘thejourney’inArabicanditisdesignedtosupportthehighestgamespeedsasittravelsfasterinflightthananyFIFAWorldCupballcreatedbeforeitinthetournament’s92-yearhistory.ThenewballfeaturesthelatestAdidasSuspensionSystematitscore,containingamotionsensorthattrackseverytouchofthegameatarateof500timespersecond.Themotionsensorinsidetheballwillenablethecollectionofincrediblyaccurateballmovementdata,whichwillthenbetransmittedtoVideoMatchOfficialswithinsecondsthroughoutthetournament.Inaddition,thisyearFIFAhasannouncedanewsemi-automatedoffsidetechnology(SAOT)whichisusedattheFIFAWorldCup2022inQatar.Thenewtechnologyuses12dedicatedtrackingcamerasmountedunderneaththeroofofthestadiumstotracktheball,aswellasupto29datapointsoneachindividualplayer,whicharetracked50timespersecond,calculatingtheirexactpositiononthepitch(场地).The29collecteddatapointsincludealllimbsandextremities(手足)thatarerelevantformakingoffsidecalls.Thisdataisusedinconjunctionwithartificialintelligence,toprovideanautomatedoffsidealerttothevideomatchofficialsinsidethevideooperationroomwhenevertheballisreceivedbyanattackerwhowasinanoffsideposition.8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheQatar2022WorldCup?

36A．ItisthefirstAIWorldCupinhistory.B．ItisthefirstcompetitionintheArabworld.C．ItisthefirstwinterWorldCupinhistory.D．ItisthefirstWorldCupwith8stadiums.9．Howdoes‘AlRihla’work?A．Itcantranslatewhatfootballplayerstalkabout.B．Itcollectsandtransmitaccurateballmovementdata.C．Ithelpstheplayersmovefasterthanbefore.D．Itcalculatestheplayers’exactposition.10．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thefunctionofmotiontrackingballs.B．Thetotal-automatedoffsidetechnology.C．TheAIAssistedoffsidedetecttechnology.D．Themodernandintelligentstadiums.11．Whichwordbestdescribesthenewtechnology?A．Accurate.B．Inconvenient.C．Puzzling.D．Luxurious.【答案】8．C    9．B    10．C    11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了卡塔尔世界杯的情况以及科技因素。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“TheQatar2022WorldCuponNov.20,2022isthefirstwintereditioninthehistoryofWorldCupandthefirstWorldCupplayedintheArabworld.(卡塔尔2022年世界杯将于11月20日举行，这是世界杯历史上第一届冬季世界杯，也是第一届在阿拉伯世界举行的世界杯。)”可知，这是历史上第一届冬季世界杯。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Themotionsensorinsidetheballwillenablethecollectionofincrediblyaccurateballmovementdata,whichwillthenbetransmittedtoVideoMatchOfficialswithinsecondsthroughoutthetournament.(球内的运动传感器将能够收集到极其精确的球的运动数据，然后在整个比赛过程中，这些数据将在几秒钟内传输给视频比赛官员。)”可知，AlRihla通过收集数据来完成动作的追踪。故选B。10．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Inaddition,thisyearFIFAhasannouncedanewsemi-automatedoffsidetechnology(SAOT)whichisusedattheFIFAWorldCup2022inQatar.Thenewtechnologyuses12dedicatedtrackingcamerasmountedunderneaththeroofofthestadiumstotracktheball,aswellasupto29datapointsoneachindividualplayer,whicharetracked50timespersecond,calculatingtheirexactpositiononthepitch(场地).The29collecteddatapointsincludealllimbsandextremities(手足)thatarerelevantformakingoffside

37calls.(此外，国际足联今年还宣布了一项新的半自动越位技术(SAOT)，该技术将用于2022年卡塔尔世界杯。这项新技术使用安装在体育场屋顶下的12个专用跟踪摄像头来跟踪足球，以及每个球员身上多达29个数据点，每秒跟踪50次，计算出他们在球场上的准确位置。收集的29个数据点包括所有与越位判罚相关的肢体和四肢。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了人工智能辅助越位检测技术。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenewtechnologyuses12dedicatedtrackingcamerasmountedunderneaththeroofofthestadiumstotracktheball,aswellasupto29datapointsoneachindividualplayer,whicharetracked50timespersecond,calculatingtheirexactpositiononthepitch(场地).The29collecteddatapointsincludealllimbsandextremities(手足)thatarerelevantformakingoffsidecalls.Thisdataisusedinconjunctionwithartificialintelligence,toprovideanautomatedoffsidealerttothevideomatchofficialsinsidethevideooperationroomwhenevertheballisreceivedbyanattackerwhowasinanoffsideposition.(这项新技术使用安装在体育场屋顶下的12个专用跟踪摄像头来跟踪足球，以及每个球员身上多达29个数据点，每秒跟踪50次，计算出他们在球场上的准确位置。收集的29个数据点包括所有与越位判罚相关的肢体和四肢。这些数据与人工智能结合使用，每当处于越位位置的攻击者接到球时，视频操作室内的视频比赛官员就会自动发出越位警报。)”可知，这种新的技术很准确，故选A。19.【广东省深圳市罗湖区2023年统考一模】Formorethanadecade,ateamofresearchershavestudiedthedynamicsoftheGreenlandIceSheetasitrespondstoawarmingclimate.Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenonwatersimpactsonicesheetchange,theirmostrecentresearchfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.Meierbachtol,HarperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesintheicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwatersystemunderlyingGreenland.Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.Internationalcooperatorsmadeanangledhole650metersthroughbedrockunderneathaGreenlandglacier(冰川)tomeasuregroundwaterconditionsundertheice.Meanwhile,researchersdrilled32holesfromatoptheglacier,throughnearlyakilometerofice,tomeasurewaterconditionsattheareabetweeniceandbedrock,whichformsanimportantboundarycontrollinggroundwaterflowbelow.Afterdrilling,theteamfixedsensorsintheicecolumnandattheicesheetbedtomeasureicedynamicsandwaterconditionsaswaterflowsundertheice.“Bystudyingareascoveredbyice10,000yearsago,wehaveknownthatthehugemassandvastamountsofwaterfrommeltingicecanimpacttheunderlyinggroundwater,”Meierbachtolsaid.“It’sgenerallyacceptedthatthegroundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesanditsresponsetoicesheetchangeislong:thousandsofyears.Butwhatwe’veshownhereisthatitisimmediate.”

38ThisnewunderstandingcouldhaveimportantsubsequenteffectsonhowGreenland’sthinningimpactstheArctic.Thethinningicecouldreducetherateofgroundwaterflowtotheocean,changingthewatertemperatureandsalinity(盐度)balancethatisimportantforoceancirculation(循环)patterns.“InthinkingaboutthecomplexfeedbacksfromGreenland’songoingchange,wehavereallyignoredthegroundwatercomponent,”Harpersaid.8．Howdotheresearchersfeelabouttheresultoftherecentstudy?A．Satisfied.B．Disappointed.C．Surprised.D．Doubtful.9．WhatcontributesmosttothenewresearchabouttheGreenlandIceSheet?A．Fixingsensorsintoicesheet.B．Closeinternationalcooperation.C．Advancedrockdrillingtechnology.D．Acombinationoftwodrillingapproaches.10．Whatisamisunderstandingofthegroundwaterunderglaciers?A．Ithasaverylargevolume.B．Itisinactiveforalongtime.C．Itscomponentiscomplex.D．Itstemperatureischangeable.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WaterImpactstheGreenland’sIceSheetB．LonglastingEffectsofGlobalWarmingontheArcticC．NewlyDiscoveredGroundwaterResourcesinGreenlandD．Greenland’sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheet【答案】8．C    9．D    10．B    11．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛地下的水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenonwatersimpactsonicesheetchange,theirmostrecentresearchfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.(但是，尽管他们的大部分研究重点是水对冰盖变化的影响，但他们最近的研究发现推翻了他们的思维顺序。)”可推断，研究人员对最近的研究结果感到惊讶。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.(这一最新发现得益于钻探技术的结合。)”可知，对格陵兰冰盖的新研究贡献最大的是两种钻井方法的结合。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It’sgenerallyacceptedthatthegroundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesanditsresponsetoicesheetchangeislong:thousandsofyears.Butwhatwe’veshownhereisthatitisimmediate.”

39(人们普遍认为，地下水沉睡了几十年到几百年，它对冰盖变化的反应很长：几千年。但我们在这里展示的是，它是立竿见影的。)”可知，人们对冰川下地下水的误解是:长时间处于不活跃状态。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Meierbachtol,HarperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesintheicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwatersystemunderlyingGreenland.(Meierbachtol、Harper和他们的团队发现，冰盖的变化对格陵兰岛地下的巨大地下水系统有真正的影响。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛地下的水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。所以“Greenland’sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheet(格陵兰的地下水随着冰盖变薄而变化)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。20.【2023年广东省深圳市统考一模】ThefirsttimethatImetablindscientist.IworkedinaprogramfordisabledstudentsinterestedinpursuingSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Maths)research.Untilthatpoint,ithadneveroccurredtomehowblindstudentswerepreventedfromreceivingscienceeducation.Mydailyexperienceinclassroomsconsistedofprofessorsdrawingandwritingontheboardwiththeassumptionthatstudentsintheclasscouldsee.Butwhataboutthosestudentswhocannotseeorsufferfromvisionproblems?ArecentpaperfromBaylorUniversity,ledbyKatelynBaumerandBryanShaw,wasinspiredbyexactlythisproblem.Theydesignedastudytoassesswhetherpeoplecouldlearntorecognize3Dmodels,likethoseoftenusedtoteachscience,withtheirmouthsinsteadofwiththeireyes.A202lpaperinNaturefoundthatprimates(灵长类动物)showedthesamebraincircuitactivation(激活)whengraspingobjectswiththeirhandsandwhenmovinganobjectwiththeirtongues.Thisindicatesthattheremaybeunderlyingsimilaritiesofphysicalmanipulations(操纵)ofthehandandthemouth.BaumerandShawfoundthattherewascomparabletouchrecognitionwithhandstomouthmanipulationrecognitionwhenusingthesemodels.365collegestudentsand31primaryschoolstudentsparticipatedinthestudy.Theparticipantswereblindfoldedandthendividedintotwogroups,oneassignedtomanipulateobjectsbyhand,andonetomanipulatetheobjectswithonlytheirmouths.Eachparticipantwasgivenasinglemodelproteintostudy.Theythenwereaskedtoidentifywhethereachofasetofeightotherproteinmodelsmatchedtheoriginaltheyweregiven.Theresearchteamsawthatbothagegroupsofstudentswereabletosuccessfullydistinguishbetweenmodels.Moreover,theaccuracyofrecallingthestructureswashigherinpeoplewhoonlyassessedthemodelsthroughmouthmanipulation.Althoughthisstudydidnotinvolveblindorlow-visionstudents,itsetsthebasisforexpandingintothemnext.Itmayofferawaytohavesciencebecomemoreaccessible,whichistheultimategoal.

408．WhowillmostprobablybenefitfromBaumerandShaw’sstudy?A．Professors.B．Collegestudents.C．Primaryschoolstudents.D．Blindandlow-visionstudents.9．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A．Explainaconcepttoreaders.B．Providesupportinginformation.C．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.D．Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.10．Whatmethodisusedinthestudy?A．Makingcomparisons.B．Doingsurveys.C．Conductinginterviews.D．Reviewingpapers.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ArecentpaperaboutSTEMeducation.B．Aproteinmodelusedinscienceteaching.C．Apotentialwayfordisabledstudentstolearnscience.D．Anacademicprogramforblindscientiststodoresearch.【答案】8．D    9．B    10．A    11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是：科学家发现人们用嘴学习可以达到和眼、手一样的效果，从而为盲人或弱视人群参与科学学习提供了一种解决办法。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Butwhataboutthosestudentswhocannotseeorsufferfromvisionproblems?(但是那些看不见或有视力问题的学生怎么办呢？)”和第二段中“ArecentpaperfromBaylorUniversity,ledbyKatelynBaumerandBryanShaw,wasinspiredbyexactlythisproblem.(由凯特琳·鲍默和布莱恩·肖为主的贝勒大学最近的一篇论文正是受到了这个问题的启发)”可知，盲人和弱视学生最有可能从该项研究中受益。故选D项。2.推理判断题。文章第三段内容主要“A202lpaperinNaturefoundthatprimates(灵长类动物)showedthesamebraincircuitactivation(激活)whengraspingobjectswiththeirhandsandwhenmovinganobjectwiththeirtongues.Thisindicatesthattheremaybeunderlyingsimilaritiesofphysicalmanipulations(操纵)ofthehandandthemouth.(2021年刊登在《自然》上的一篇论文发现灵长类动物用手抓握物体和用舌头移动物体时会显示同样的大脑回路激活机制。这说明手和嘴的物理操纵方面存在潜在的相似性。)”由此可知，本段主要为研究提供支持信息。故选B项。3.推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Theparticipantswereblindfoldedandthendividedintotwogroups,oneassignedtomanipulateobjectsbyhand,andonetomanipulatetheobjectswithonlytheirmouths.Eachparticipantwasgivenasinglemodelproteintostudy.Theythenwereaskedtoidentifywhethereachofasetofeightotherprotein

41modelsmatchedtheoriginaltheyweregiven.(参与者被蒙上眼睛，然后分成两组，一组被分配用手操作物体，另一组只用嘴操作物体。每个参与者给予一个单一的模型蛋白质进行研究。然后，他们被要求确定另外八种蛋白质模型中的每一种是否与给他们的原始蛋白质模型相匹配。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究者把受试人员分为两组，分别用手和用嘴操纵物体，每位受试者先学习一个蛋白质模型，然后让他们辨认一组八个模型中哪一个符合他们学习的模型，对比结果得出结论，因此主要采用了对比研究方法。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科学家研究发现人们用嘴学习可以达到和眼、手一样的效果，从而为盲人或弱视人群参与科学学习提供了一种潜在的解决办法。故选C项。

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