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重庆一中高2025届高一上学期期末考试英语试题英语试题卷共10页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项:1.答题前,务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时,必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。3.答非选择题时,必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔,将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答,在试题卷上答题无效。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Atravelplan.B.Aspellingmistake.C.Thewoman’shometown.2.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthewomanandMike?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fellowworkers.C.Motherandson.3.WhatdoesthemansuggestGeorgedo?A.Haveagoodrest.B.Lookforanewjob.C.Travelaroundtheworld.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthesharks?A.Amazing.B.Frightening.C.Friendly.5.WhatdoweknowaboutPeter?A.Heisn’ttalkative.B.Hestudiedveryhard.C.Hefailedtogetintocollege.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Howmanytimesdidthewomancallthemanyesterday?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
17.Whydidn’tthemananswerthewoman’scall?A.Hewasbusydoingthelaundry.B.Hedidn’ttakehisphone.C.Heignoredherphonecalls.听下面一段对话,回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whatdidthemandoatlastyear’sparty?A.Hearrangedabighouseforit.B.HegottoknowaJapanesecouple.C.Hemetmanyinternationalstudents.9.Whatwillthewomanpreparefortheparty?A.Specialclothes.B.Iranian-stylerice.C.Japanesedishes.听下面一段对话,回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onatrain.B.Inalibrary.C.Attheschool.11.Whatkindofbooksdoesthemanlikebest?A.Booksontravels.B.Booksonfood.C.Booksonscience.12.Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtobe?A.Ahistorian.B.Adoctor.C.Ascientist.听下面一段对话,回答第13至第16四个小题。13.ForwhatdoesJanewanttogetajob?A.Moremoney.B.Morefriends.C.Moreexperience.14.WhatisJane’sfatherworriedabout?A.Shewillcomehomelate.B.Shecan’tmanagetheshopwell.C.Shecan’tbalanceherstudyandwork.15.HowoftenwillJanework?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Everyotherday.16.Whatwon’tJaneclean?A.Thefloors.B.Thetoilets.C.Thewindows.听下面一段独白,回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whatwasinthefarmer’sbag?第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
2A.Vegetables.B.Fruits.C.Rice.18.Whathappenedtothefarmer’sbag?A.Itfellfromhishorse.B.Itgotstolen.C.Itwasbroken.19.Whohelpedthefarmer?A.Apoorman.B.Hisfriend.C.Arichman.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Everyoneshouldpayforothers’help.B.Everyonecanbecomeagreatman.C.Everyoneshouldhelppeopleinneed.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第一节(共19小题;每小题2.5分,满分47.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D中,选出最佳选项。AIt’snowaloteasier—andcheaper—formanyhard-of-hearingAmericanstogethelp.Hearingaidscannowbesoldwithoutaprescriptionfromaspecialist.Over-the-counter,orOTC,hearingaidsstartedhittingthemarketinOctoberatpricesthatcanbethousandsofdollarslowerthanprescriptionhearingaids.About30millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesdealwithhearingloss,accordingtotheFoodandDrugAdministration.Butonlyabout20%ofthosewhocoulduseahearingaidseekhelp.Here’sacloserlook:Whomightbehelped:TheFDAapprovedOTChearingaidsforadultswithmild-to-moderatehearingloss.ThatcanincludepeoplewhohavetroublehearingphonecallsorwhoturnuptheTVvolumeloudenoughthatotherscomplain.Italsocanincludepeoplewhohavetroubleunderstandinggroupconversationsinnoisyplaces.OTChearingaidsaren’tintendedforpeoplewithdeeperhearingloss,whichmayincludethosewhohavetroublehearingloudernoises,likepowertoolsandcars.Hearingtest:Beforeover-the-counter,youusuallyneededtogetyourhearingtestedandbuyhearingaidsfromaspecialist.That’snolongerthecase.Butitcanbehardforpeopletomeasuretheirownhearing.Youcanstillchoosetoseeaspecialistjustforthattest,whichisoftencoveredbyinsurance,andthenbuytheaidsonyourown.Therealsoareanumberofappsandquestionnairesavailabletodeterminewhetheryouneedhelp.Who’sselling:SeveralmajorretailersnowofferOTChearingaidsonlineandonstoreshelves.Walgreensdrugstores,for第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
3example,aresellingLexieLumenhearingaidsnationwidefor$799.WalmartoffersOTChearingaidsrangingfromabout$200to$1,000perpair.Itshealthcenterswillprovidehearingtests.TheconsumerelectronicschainBestBuyhasOTChearingaidsavailableonlineandinnearly300stores.Thecost:MostOTChearingaidswillcostbetween$500and$1,500forapair,thoughsomemayrunupto$3,000.1.Whowillnotbehelpedbythehearingaids?A.Davidwhoisunabletohearthenoiseofpowertools.B.Jackwhocan’tmakeoutregularphonecallsclearly.C.MessywhoneedtoturnuptheTVvolumelouderthanothersdo.D.Poppywhocan’tunderstandgroupconversationsinnoisyplaces.2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.OTChearingaidsareonlyavailableonline.B.ThepricesofOTChearingaidsvaryconsiderably.C.Hearingtestswillbeprovidedateverysellingspot.D.OTChearingaidsofferedbyWalmartarethemostexpensive3.Whichsectionofthenewspaperisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.EconomyB.HealthC.SportsD.Entertainment【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款即将上市的价格比处方助听器低数千美元的非处方助听器的基本情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Whomightbehelped:部分的“TheFDAapprovedOTChearingaidsforadultswithmild-to-moderatehearingloss.ThatcanincludepeoplewhohavetroublehearingphonecallsorwhoturnuptheTVvolumeloudenoughthatotherscomplain.Italsocanincludepeoplewhohavetroubleunderstandinggroupconversationsinnoisyplaces.OTChearingaidsaren’tintendedforpeoplewithdeeperhearingloss,whichmayincludethosewhohavetroublehearingloudernoises,likepowertoolsandcars.(美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准了用于轻度至中度听力损失的成年人的非处方助听器。这可能包括听不见电话的人,或者把电视音量开得太大而引起别人抱怨的人。它还包括那些在嘈杂的地方无法理解群体对话的人。非处方助听器并不适用于听力损失严重的人,这些人可能包括那些听不到电动工具和汽车等较大噪音的人。)第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
4”可知非处方助听器并不适用于听力损失严重的人,这些人可能包括那些听不到电动工具和汽车等较大噪音的人,所以这款助听器不能帮助David,因为他听不到电动工具的噪音,听力严重受损。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Who’sselling:部分的“SeveralmajorretailersnowofferOTChearingaidsonlineandonstoreshelves.Walgreensdrugstores,forexample,aresellingLexieLumenhearingaidsnationwidefor$799.WalmartoffersOTChearingaidsrangingfromabout$200to$1,000perpair.Itshealthcenterswillprovidehearingtests.TheconsumerelectronicschainBestBuyhasOTChearingaidsavailableonlineandinnearly300stores.(一些主要的零售商现在在网上和商店货架上提供OTC助听器。例如,沃尔格林(Walgreens)药店在全国范围内以799美元的价格销售LexieLumen助听器。沃尔玛提供的非处方助听器价格从每副200美元到1000美元不等。它的健康中心将提供听力测试。消费电子产品连锁店百思买(BestBuy)在网上和近300家门店都有OTC助听器。)”可知非处方助听器在网上和商店里都可以买到,所以选项A不对;依据文章Thecost:部分的“MostOTChearingaidswillcostbetween$500and$1,500forapair,thoughsomemayrunupto$3,000.(大多数非处方助听器的价格在500美元到1500美元之间,但有些可能高达3000美元。)”可知沃尔玛提供的非处方助听器价格不是最贵的,所以选项D不对,而大多数非处方助听器的价格在500美元到1500美元之间,但有些可能高达3000美元,所以可以推出非处方助听器的价格变化很大,所以B项正确;根据Hearingtest:部分的“Beforeover-the-counter,youusuallyneededtogetyourhearingtestedandbuyhearingaidsfromaspecialist.That’snolongerthecase.Butitcanbehardforpeopletomeasuretheirownhearing.Youcanstillchoosetoseeaspecialistjustforthattest,whichisoftencoveredbyinsurance,andthenbuytheaidsonyourown.Therealsoareanumberofappsandquestionnairesavailabletodeterminewhetheryouneedhelp.(在非处方助听器出现之前,你通常需要进行听力测试,并从专家那里购买助听器。现在情况已经不同了。但人们很难测量自己的听力。你仍然可以选择去看专家检查,这通常是由保险支付的,然后自己购买辅助设备。还有一些应用程序和调查问卷可以帮助你确定是否需要帮助。)”以及“Who’sselling:部分的WalmartoffersOTChearingaidsrangingfromabout$200to$1,000perpair.Itshealthcenterswillprovidehearingtests.(沃尔玛提供的非处方助听器价格从每副200美元到1000美元不等。它的健康中心将提供听力测试。)”可知不是每一个销售点都将提供听力测试,所以选项C不对。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It’snowaloteasier—andcheaper—formanyhard-of-hearingAmericanstogethelp.Hearingaidscannowbesoldwithoutaprescriptionfromaspecialist.Over-the-counter,orOTC,hearingaidsstartedhittingthemarketinOctoberatpricesthatcanbethousandsofdollarslowerthanprescriptionhearingaids.(现在,对许多听力不好的美国人来说,获得帮助要容易得多,也便宜得多。现在,助听器可以在没有专家处方的情况下出售。非处方助听器于10月份开始上市,价格比处方助听器低数千美元。)第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
5”以及文章其他段落的内容可知文章主要介绍了一款非处方助听器的基本情况,话题与人们的健康有关系,所以文章可能出自报纸的健康板块。故选B项。BJimThorpeisoneofthegreatestathletesofalltime.Hehadamazingathleticabilitiesandwaswell-knownduringhislifetime,yetthatdidnotmakeThorpeastrangertoadversity.ThorpewasanAmericanIndianfromOklahomawhodevelopedhisextraordinaryathleticskillsinhisyouththroughhardlabor.Itwasalsoinhisyouththathelearnedtoendurehardshipbroughtuponbyracialprejudice.Manywouldsayhischildhoodwasnoteasy.Hegrewuppoorandatage9histwinbrotherpassedawayandafewyearslaterhelostbothofhisparents.Butthatdidnotstophimfromdoingwhathelovedandpursuinghisdreams.Nothingseemedtostophim,notevenstolenshoes.JusthoursbeforeThorpewasgoingtocompeteinthe1912Olympics,somebodystolehisshoes.Thorpeimprovised(临时拼凑)bygettingshoesoutofthegarbage.Theshoesweretwodifferentsizes.Heworeanextrapairofsocksononefoottoeventhemout.Hestillwentontowintwogoldmedals—winningeacheventhecompetedinexceptforone,thejavelin(标枪).Thejavelinwastheonlyeventhedidn’twin,probablybecausehehadnevercompetedinthateventbefore.ItisinterestingtonotethatThorpehadtriedtothrowthejavelinoncebeforeintheOlympictrials.Atthetime,hedidn’tknowthathecouldthrowitwitharunningstart.Hethrewitstandingstillandwasplacedsecond.AttheOlympics,healsotookpartinthedecathlon(十项全能运动).Hefinishedfirstintwoevents,thirdinfourevents,andfourthintwomore.Thorpeendedupfinishingthirdintheworld.Hewasundoubtedlyadominatingforcethatcouldn’tbestoppedandjustkeptongoing.IthinkPaulDughisaiditbest,“It’shardtoimaginenowthatproathletesgetpaidmillionsofdollarsjusttowearaparticularbrandofshoes.ForJimThorpe,itdidn’tmatterwhatkindhewore.”4.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?A.TheadversityThorpemetwithledtohissuccess.B.Thorpe’ssuccesswasnoguaranteeofabetterlife.C.Thorpe’scareerbroughthimbothgainsandlosses.DThorpesufferedmanyhardshipsdespitehissuccess.5.WhydidThorpewearmoresocksononefoot?A.Topreventthefootfrominjury.B.Tomaketheshoefitthefoot.C.Tostoptheshoefrombeingstolen.第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
6D.Toshowhisproblem-solvingskills.6.WhatmostlikelyledtoThorpe’sfailuretowinthejavelin?A.Lossofhisownsportsshoes.B.Acasualattitudetowardstheevent.C.Lackofexperienceintheevent.D.Ashortageoftalentfortheevent.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJimThorpe?A.Loyalandenthusiastic.B.Genuineandcreative.C.Toughandstrong-minded.D.Selflessandgood-tempered.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了美国印第安人吉姆·索普坎坷的人生经历和他作为运动员所取得的骄人成绩。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“ThorpewasanAmericanIndianfromOklahomawhodevelopedhisextraordinaryathleticskillsinhisyouththroughhardlabor.Itwasalsoinhisyouththathelearnedtoendurehardshipbroughtuponbyracialprejudice.Manywouldsayhischildhoodwasnoteasy.Hegrewuppoorandatage9histwinbrotherpassedawayandafewyearslaterhelostbothofhisparents.”(索普是来自俄克拉荷马州的美洲印第安人,他在年轻时通过艰苦劳动发展了非凡的运动技能。也正是在他年轻的时候,他学会了忍受种族偏见带来的苦难。许多人会说他的童年并不容易。他出身贫寒,9岁时双胞胎兄弟去世,几年后他失去了双亲。)可知,吉姆·索普经历了很多苦难,幼年时双胞胎兄弟过世,随后父母双亡,青年时又困扰于种族偏见带来的磨难:以及划线句前面的yet表转折意义,可知,划线部分的意思是虽然索普后来有所成就,但却经历了很多苦难。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theshoesweretwodifferentsizes.Heworeanextrapairofsocksononefoottoeventhemout.”(鞋子有两个不同的尺寸,他一只脚上多穿了一双袜子来平衡。)可知,两只鞋大小不一,因此索普多穿袜子就是为了让鞋合脚。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“becausehehadnevercompetedinthateventbefore第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
7”(因为他以前从未参加过那个项目)可知,他没有参加过标枪比赛,因此比赛经验不足最可能是他失利的原因。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的叙述可知,吉姆·索普成长过程中经历过很多苦难,这很大程度上塑造了他坚韧不拔的性格。第三段的“Butthatdidnotstophimfromdoingwhathelovedandpursuinghisdreams.Nothingseemedtostophim,notevenstolenshoes.”(但这并没有阻止他去做他喜欢的事情,去追求他的梦想。似乎没有什么能阻止他,甚至是偷来的鞋子。)正是对他坚韧不拔性格的刻画,由此可知,tough(坚韧的)和strong-minded(意志坚定的)是对他最准确的描述。故选C。CItiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy,anditusuallyoccurswhenthey’remeetinganotherpersonoragroupofpeople.However,anewstudyledbyDrHarryWitchel,abodylanguageexpert,showsthatitisnotalwaysthecase.Inhisresearch,heasked44participantsaged18-35tohaveageographyquizconsistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoftengottheanswerwrong.Participantsinteractedwithacomputeraloneinaroomwhiletheirfaceswererecordedbyvideo.Afterthequiz,theparticipantswereaskedtorate(评价)theirexperienceusingarangeof12emotionsincluding“bored”,“interested”and“frustrated”.Meanwhile,theirfacialexpressionswereanalyzedbycomputerframebyframeinordertojudgehowmuchtheyweresmilingonabasisofascaleofbetween0and1.“Accordingtosomeresearchers,arealsmilereflectstheinnerstateofamusement.However,theideaofbehavioralecologysuggeststhatallsmilesaretoolsusedinsocialinteractions,meaningcheerfulnessisneithernecessarynorsufficientforsmiling.Ourstudyshowedthatinthesehuman-computerinteractionexperiments,smilingisn’tdrivenbyhappiness;itisassociatedwithsubjectiveinvolvement(主观参与),whichactslikeakindofsocialfuelforsmiling,evenwhensocializingwithacomputeronyourown.”DrWitchelsaid.Participantsdidn’ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingtofigureouttheanswers.However,theydidsmilerightafterthecomputerinformedthemwhethertheiranswerwascorrectornot.Surprisingly,participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.DrWitcheladded,“Duringthesecomputerizedquizzes,smilinggreatlyincreasedjustaftertheyansweredquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehaviorcouldnotbeexplainedbyratingsofhappinessorfrustration.”8.WhydidDrWitchelusedifficultquestionsinthequiz?A.Todiscoverthemostintelligentparticipants.B.Tocreateastressfulsituationforparticipants.C.Tomaketheanswerperiodlastaslongaspossible.第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
8D.Tomakeithardforparticipantstoanswerthemcorrectly.9.Whatcanweinferfromtheideaofbehavioralecology?A.Smilesreflecttheinnerstateofcheerfulness.B.Smilingisassociatedwithobjectiveengagement.C.Smilingisusuallyconnectedwithsocialactivities.DSmilesaren’tnecessarilyusefultoolsinsocialinteractions.10.WhichofthefollowingwillDrWitchelagreewith?A.Thereisaneedforfurtherresearchonsmiling.B.Participantssmiledwhentheiranswerwascorrect.C.Smileshavenothingtodowithhappinessorfrustration.D.Participantssmiledlesswhentheygottheanswerwrong.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowtoIdentifyaRealSmile?B.WhatContributestoRealHappiness?C.PeopleHoldaWrongViewonHappiness.D.SmilingDoesn’tNecessarilyMeanHappiness.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的,但是研究表明,微笑仅仅是社交的需要,并不表明这个人一定快乐。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inhisresearch,heasked44participantsaged18-35toplayageographyquizconsistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoftengottheanswerwrong.(在他的研究中,他让44名年龄在18-35岁之间的参与者玩一个由9道难题组成的地理智力测验游戏,这样他们的答案就会经常出错。)”由此可知,Witchel博士在问答游戏中使用难题是为了使参与者很难正确回答。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘However,theideaofbehavioralecologysuggeststhatallsmilesaretoolsusedinsocialinteractions,meaningcheerfulnessisneithernecessarynorsufficientforsmiling.Ourstudyshowedthatinthesehuman-computerinteractionexperiments,smilingisn’tdrivenbyhappiness;itisassociatedwithsubjectiveinvolvement(主观参与),whichactslikeakindofsocialfuelforsmiling,evenwhensocializingwithacomputer第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
9onyourown.’DrWitchelsaid.(“然而,行为生态学的观点认为,所有的微笑都是社交中使用的工具,这意味着快乐既不是微笑的必要条件,也不是微笑的充分条件。我们的研究表明,在这些人机交互实验中,微笑不是由快乐驱动的;它与主观参与有关,就像一种微笑的社交燃料,即使是独自与电脑进行社交。”Witchel博士说。)由此我们可以从行为生态学理论中推断出,微笑通常与社会活动有关。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Participantsdidn’ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingtofigureouttheanswers.However,theydidsmilerightafterthecomputerinformedthemwhethertheiranswerwascorrectornot.Surprisingly,participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.DrWitcheladded,“Duringthesecomputerizedquizzes,smilinggreatlyincreasedjustaftertheyansweredquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehaviorcouldnotbeexplainedbyratingsofhappinessorfrustration.(在试着找出答案的过程中,参与者往往不会微笑。然而,当电脑告诉他们答案是否正确时,他们确实微笑了。令人惊讶的是,当参与者回答错误时,他们微笑的次数更多。维切尔博士补充说:“在这些电脑测试中,他们在回答错误的问题后微笑大大增加。这种行为不能用幸福或沮丧的评分来解释。”)由此可知,在Witchel博士会同意,当答案正确时,参与者微笑了。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Itiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy,anditusuallyoccurswhenthey'remeetinganotherpersonoragroupofpeople.However,anewstudyledbyDr.HarryWitchel,abodylanguageexpert,showsthatitisnotalwaysthecase.(人们普遍认为,微笑意味着一个人很快乐,通常出现在他们与另一个人或一群人见面的时候。然而,身体语言专家HarryWitchel博士领导的一项新研究表明,情况并非总是如此。)”结合文章主要说明了人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的,但是研究表明,微笑仅仅是社交的需要,并不表明这个人一定快乐。由此可知,D选项“微笑并不一定意味着快乐”最符合文章标题。故选D。DYoumaynotknowit,butyourbrainisalreadyanamazingvocabularylearningmachine.Whenyoureadorlistentosomething,yourbraindoesn’ttakeeachwordatfacevalue:it’scontinuouslytakingstatisticsaboutwhichwordsappeartogetherregularlysothatitcanexpectwhat’scomingnextandprocessspeechfaster.Ourbrainscontinuouslyreleaseelectricalsignals,whichchangedependingonwhattaskyourbrainisdealingwith.Scientistscanuseatechniquetoreadsomeofthesetostudyhowyourbrainprocesseslanguage.Oneofthesesignals,calledN400,changesdependingonwhetherwordsmakesenseincontextornot.TheN400isrelativelysmallforexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcream,andincreasesinheightforunexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcap.ThismeansthatscientistscanreadtheN400heighttoanalyze第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
10thekindofexpectationsyouhaveaboutwhichwordsusuallyappeartogether.Inlanguagelearners,theN400changesbasedonproficiency(熟练程度).Thebetterpeoplegetatalanguage,theclosertheirN400patternistonativespeaker’s.Thismeansthatanimportantpartoflanguageproficiencyistakingstatisticsandbuildingexpectationsaboutwhatwordsusuallyappeartogether,justasnativespeakersdo.Togetbetteratthis,weneedtofloodourbrainswithloadsofnaturalcontent,sowecanbuildupapictureofwhichkindsofwordsusuallyappeartogether.Readingisagreatwaytodothisandthere’slotsofresearchthatshowsthatreadingworkswondersforyourvocabularyskills.However,itisimportanttorememberthatiftherearetoomanyunknownwords,itcanbedifficulttofigureoutwhattheymeanfromthecontext.Anditisunpleasanthavingtostopeverytwomilestolookupaword.Gradedreaders,whicharebooksadaptedtomakethemeasiertounderstandatlowerlevels,areperfectforlearnersofforeignlanguages.12.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?A.Tostateafact.B.Toofferasuggestion.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Toproposeadefinition.13.WhatdoesitmeaniftheN400increases?A.Wemakesenseofsomewordcombinationsinacontext.B.Wecombinesomenewwordstomakeasentence.C.Wememorizesomewordcombinationstolearnalanguage.D.Wemeetsomewordcombinationsbeyondourexpectations.14.Howcanwehaveanativespeaker-likeN400patternaccordingtotheauthor?A.Byreadingsomebooksaboutvocabularyskills.B.Byreadinglotsofnaturalcontent.C.Byreadingloadsofbooksaboutnatureanddrawingpictures.D.Byreadingauthenticcontenttoincreaseourvocabulary.15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Itismorebeneficialtoreadeasybooks.B.Itisimportanttolookupnewwords.C.Weshouldmainlyreadadaptedbooks.D.Weshouldchoosematerialsrightforourlevel.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.D第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
11【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了我们的大脑是一个词汇学习机器,研究者用N400来研究了大脑是如何处理我们所遇到的单词组合,并且提出学习语言时,应选择适合自己水平的读本。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段首句“Youmaynotknowit,butyourbrainisalreadyanamazingvocabularylearningmachine.(你可能不知道,但是你的大脑已经是一个很好的词汇学习机器。)”可知,后文举例说明你的大脑是一个很好的词汇学习机器,故第一段的目的是为了陈述我们的大脑是词汇学习机器的这个事实,故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheN400isrelativelysmallforexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcream,andincreasesinheightforunexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcap.(对于预料中的单词组合,比如说咖啡和冰淇淋,N400相对来说比较低;但是对于预料之外的单词组合时,比如说咖啡和帽子,N400就会增加。)”可知,如果N400上升的话,那就意味着我们遇到了意料之外的单词组合,故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Togetbetteratthis,weneedtofloodourbrainswithloadsofnaturalcontent,sowecanbuildupapictureofwhichkindsofwordsusuallyappeartogether.(为了更擅长这点,我们需要让我们大脑充满自然的语言内容,这样的话,我们就能在大脑里建造一副图片,图片里是哪些单词通常一起出现。)”可知,如果我们想要像本土人一样的N400模式,我们需要读很多的自然语言内容,故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Gradedreaders,whicharebooksadaptedtomakethemeasiertounderstandatlowerlevels,areperfectforlearnersofforeignlanguages.(分级读本对于外语学习者来说是最好的选择,因为它们是改编读本,主要是为了较低水平的阅读者能更容易理解。)”可知,在选择阅读读本时,我们应该根据自己的水平选择适合的读本,这样的话才有利于学习,故选D。ETwothirdsoftheiceintheglaciers(冰川)oftheAlpsisdoomed!Theseglacierswillmeltbytheendofthecenturyasglobaltemperaturesrise,accordingtoarecentstudy.Scientistsclaimthathalftheiceheldinsome4,000Alpineglacierswilldisappearby2050duetoglobalwarmingthroughtheeffectofpastemissions.Afterthat,evenifcarbonemissionsdroptozero,two-thirdsoftheicewillstillhavemeltedby2100.Ifemissionscontinuetoriseatthecurrentrate,theicetongueswillhaveallbut第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
12disappearedfromAlpinevalleysbytheendofthecentury.ThemostpessimisticpredictiontellsusthattheAlpswillbemostlyice-freeby2100.Onlyisolatedicepatcheswouldremainathighaltitudes,representingfivepercent,atmost,oftheicevolumeseentoday.Theresearcherswarnthatthelossoftheseglacierswillmeanmuchlesswaterisavailableforfarmingandhydroelectricity,especiallyduringdroughts.Itwouldalsoaffectnatureandtourism.InFebruary,astudyfoundthatathirdofthehugeicefieldsinAsia’stoweringmountainchainswerealsounderthreatforthesamereasons.Thiswillleadtoseriousconsequencesforalmosttwobillionpeoplewholivedownstream.GlaciersalongtheHinduKushandHimalayanrangeareathigher,colderaltitudes.Ifglobalcarbonemissionsarenotcut,however,two-thirdsoftheiricecouldbegoneby2100.Thelatestresearchcombinedcomputermodelswithreal-worlddatatoforecastthefateoftheglaciers.Itused2017asitsstartingpoint.Unlikepreviouswork,thesemodelsincludedhowtheglaciersmovedownthemountains.Applyingthisapproachtootherglaciatedmountainchainscouldimproveicelossforecaststhere.Cuttingtheemissionsfromfossil-fuelburning,deforestationandotherpollutingactivitiesisthebiggestfactorinminimizingthemeltingoftheice.Thefutureoftheseglaciersisindeedatrisk,butthereisstillapossibilityoflimitingtheirdisappearance.16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“doomed”meaninparagraph1?A.Polluted.B.Discovered.C.Endangered.D.Abandoned.17.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Emissionshavemuchtodowiththeicemelting.B.TheAlpsisexpectedtoloseallitsiceby2100.C.Icelosswillbeavoidedwithemissionsprevented.D.Largeicepieceswilljustexistatthemountaintop.18.WhyaretheAsia’sicefieldsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toexplainhowglaciermeltingcameabout.B.Toimplypollutionisaworldwideproblem.C.Toshowwhatconsequencesicemeltingwillcause.D.ToindicatetheAlpsisnotalonetofaceicemelting.19.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthefutureofglaciers?A.Objective.B.Optimistic.C.Critical.D.Doubtful.【答案】16.C17.A18.D19.A【解析】第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
13【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁,可能在本世纪末融化,文中分析了其原因,同时也提出了解决问题的思路。【16题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后“Theseglacierswillmeltbytheendofthecenturyasglobaltemperaturesrise,accordingtoarecentstudy.(根据最近的一项研究,随着全球气温的上升,这些冰川将在本世纪末融化)”可知,冰川将在本世纪末融化,由此推知,划线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁,结合选项可知,划线词doomed与endangered同义,意为“有危险的”。故选C项。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scientistsclaimthathalftheiceheldinsome4,000Alpineglacierswilldisappearby2050duetoglobalwarmingthroughtheeffectofpastemissions.Afterthat,evenifcarbonemissionsdroptozero,two-thirdsoftheicewillstillhavemeltedby2100.Ifemissionscontinuetoriseatthecurrentrate,theicetongueswillhaveallbutdisappearedfromAlpinevalleysbytheendofthecentury.(科学家们预测,到2050年,由于全球变暖,由于过去排放的影响,阿尔卑斯山4000多座冰川中一半的冰将消失。在那之后,即使碳排放降至零,到2100年仍会有三分之二的冰融化。如果排放量继续以目前的速度增长,到本世纪末,这些冰舌将几乎从阿尔卑斯山谷中消失)”可推知,碳排放与冰融化有很大关系。故选A项。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“InFebruary,astudyfoundthatathirdofthehugeicefieldsinAsia’stoweringmountainchainswerealsounderthreatforthesamereasons.(今年2月,一项研究发现,由于同样的原因,亚洲高耸山脉中三分之一的巨大冰原也面临威胁)”可推知,第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山并不是唯一面临冰融化的地方。故选D项。【19题详解】推理判断题。通读全文,并结合文章最后一段“Cuttingtheemissionsfromfossil-fuelburning,deforestationandotherpollutingactivitiesisthebiggestfactorinminimizingthemeltingoftheice.Thefutureoftheseglaciersisindeedatrisk,butthereisstillapossibilityoflimitingtheirdisappearance.(减少化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和其他污染活动的排放是最大限度地减少冰融化的最大因素。这些冰川的未来确实处于危险之中,但仍然有可能限制它们的消失)”可知,文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧,但同时也提出改变这一情况的可能,所以作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身,对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anxietyanddepressionarecomplexconditions.Butcaneveryonebenefitfromteaminghowtocarefortheirmind?___20___第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
14•Self-Compassion(自我关怀)___21___Thiscanincludefeelinglikeyoumustbeperfecttobeacceptedoranunrealisticsenseofothers'expectations.Theanswertoperfectionismisn'tlettingitallgo—it'sself-compassion,whichmeansyouarekindandunderstandingwhenfacedwithpersonalfailures—afterall,whoeversaidyouweresupposedtobeperfect?Howwetreatourselvesthroughtheupsanddownsoflifecanhaveahugeimpactonhealthandmentalhealth.•SocialConnectionFromthetimeweareborn,weneedsocialconnectioninordertogrowandsucceed.___22___Itcanbetalkingtoonetrustedpersonabouthowyou'rereallydoingorhavingavisitwithanyfamilymemberorfriend.Ifthisfeelsoutofreach,trymakingashortlistofpeoplewhoatanypointhavegivenyouasenseofbelonging.___23___•ExerciseExercisecanbeimportantforpreventingdepressionsincehavingasedentary(缺乏锻炼的)lifestyleisariskfactor.___24___Anotherstudyfoundthat12weeksofexerciseat30minutes,threetofivetimesperweekreducedsymptomsby47%.Sothebestapproachis:Getwhateversupportisinreachandcareforyourmindbasedonwhatworksforyou.A.ItisimportanttobekindtoyourselfB.Butitdoesn'thavetobeabigpartyoranofficefullofpeople.C.Beingconstantlyself-criticalisriskyforanxietyanddepression.D.Itmaybevitaltounderstandhappinesswhenwestrugglewithmood.E.Onestudyfoundthat15minutesadayofexercisesignificantlypreventsdepression.F.Thefollowingbehaviorsarekeyoneslinkedtopreventionofanxietyanddepression.G.Studieshaveshownthatjustthinkingofpositiverelationshipscanhelpyoutoleratestress.【答案】20.F21.C22.B23.G24.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。焦虑和抑郁是很复杂的情况,文章提出了三个预防或缓解焦虑和抑郁的有效方法。【20题详解】根据上文“Anxietyanddepressionarecomplexconditions.Butcaneveryonebenefitfromlearninghowtocarefortheirmind?第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
15(焦虑和抑郁是复杂的情况。但是,每个人都能从学习如何照顾自己的心灵中受益吗?)”的问题,结合下文提出几种预防焦虑和抑郁的方法可知,此处内容应对这个问题进行回答,并引出下文内容,F项“以下行为是预防焦虑和抑郁的关键。”符合文意,承上启下,故选F项。【21题详解】根据下文“Thiscanincludefeelinglikeyoumustbeperfecttobeacceptedoranunrealisticsenseofothers'expectations.(这包括你必须完美才能被接受,或者对别人的期望有一种不现实的感觉。)”可知人对自己的要求过高,追求完美,那么就会进行自我批评,这很容易导致焦虑和抑郁,所以C项“不断地自我批评会导致焦虑和抑郁。”,This指代“不断地自我批评”,故选C项。【22题详解】前文内容“Fromthetimeweareborn,weneedsocialconnectioninordertogrowandsucceed.(从我们出生的时候起,我们就需要社会联系来成长和成功。)提到我们要与社会联系,结合下文“Itcanbetalkingtoonetrustedpersonabouthowyou'rereallydoingorhavingavisitwithanyfamilymemberorfriend.(可以是和一个你信任的人谈论你的真实情况,也可以是拜访任何家人或朋友。)”可知不需要与过多的人进行联系,所以B项“但这并不一定是一个大的派对或一办公室的人。”符合文意,故选B项。【23题详解】根据上一句“Ifthisfeelsoutofreach,trymakingashortlistofpeoplewhoatanypointhavegivenyouasenseofbelonging.(如果这让你觉得遥不可及,那就试着列出一些在任何时候都给你带来归属感的人。)”可知,此处建议与一些较为亲近,让你有归属感的人联系起来,G项“研究表明,思考积极的人际关系可以帮助你承受压力。”说明了这个做法的理由,思考积极的人际关系帮助承受压力,故选G项。【24题详解】根据上一句“Exercisecanbeimportantforpreventingdepressionsincehavingasedentary(缺乏锻炼的)lifestyleisariskfactor.(运动对预防抑郁症很重要,因为久坐的生活方式也是一个风险因素。)可知运动有助于预防抑郁症,结合下文“Anotherstudyfoundthat12weeksofexerciseat30minutes,threetofivetimesperweekreducedsymptomsby47%.(另一项研究发现,12周30分钟的锻炼,每周3到5次,可以减少47%的症状。)”可知运动可以减少抑郁症状,所以E项“一项研究发现,每天15分钟的锻炼可以显著预防抑郁症。”符合文意,其中“onestudy”对应“anotherstudy”,都在说明运动对应预防和缓解抑郁症的作用,故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共四节,满分45分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
16阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thirtyyearsago,Iwasaseniorhighschoolstudent.Onedayafterourtestpaperswere____25____,ourmathteacheraskedtwelvestudentswhohadmadeexactlythesamemistakestoremain.Thereisnothingreallynewabout____26____inexams.Perhapsthatwaswhyshedidn’tevensayawordaboutit.____27____,shewroteontheblackboardthewordsbyThomasMacaulay:thereal____28____isnotmeasuredbywhatamandoesin____29____,wherehe’llbeseen,butwhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbe____30____out.Idon’tknowabouttheotherelevenboys.SpeakingformyselfIcansay:itwasthemostimportantsingle____31____ofmylife.Nowenteringmythirddecadeafterbeing____32____toMacaulay’swords,theystillseemtomethebest____33____,becausetheygiveusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.____34____ofuswillbeaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.Butallofusare____35____dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket____36____turnedovertothepoliceman?Shouldthe____37____changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor____38____?Nobodywillknowexceptyou.Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisalways____39____tolivewithyourselfdeservingyourownrespect.25.A.markedB.completedC.examinedD.collected26.A.checkingB.discussingC.cheatingD.worrying27.A.PersonallyB.UnfortunatelyC.InsteadD.Suddenly28.A.featureB.characterC.advantageD.wisdom29.A.practiceB.dangerC.detailD.public30.A.foundB.workedC.figuredD.pointed31.A.chanceB.lessonC.incidentD.memory32.A.referredB.shownC.broughtD.introduced33.A.sentenceB.choiceC.reasonD.standard34.A.FewB.AllC.SomeD.Any35.A.givenoutB.cutoffC.cheeredupD.calledupon36.A.andB.soC.orD.but37A.extraB.smallC.someD.necessary38.A.paidB.rememberedC.returnedD.shared39.A.easierB.betterC.harderD.freer【答案】25.A26.C27.C28.B29.D30.A31.B32.D33.D34.A第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1735.D36.C37.A38.C39.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。讲述了作者学生时期一次考试作弊后,老师让其抄写名言:衡量一个人真正品格的标准是如果他知道自己永远不会被发现他会怎么做。自此作者将此名言铭记于心,并以此为准绳规范自己的言行。【25题详解】考查过去分词词义辨析。句意:一天,在我们的试卷被批改后,我们的数学老师要求十二个犯同样错误的学生留下来。A.marked做标记;打分数;B.completed完成;C.examined检查;D.collected收集。根据下文“ourmathteacheraskedtwelvestudentswhohadmadeexactlythesamemistakestoremain”可知,老师在判完卷子后发现问题,于是要求十二个犯同样错误的学生留下来。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义的辨析。句意:考试作弊并不是什么新鲜事。A.checking检查;B.discussing讨论;C.cheating欺骗、作弊;D.worrying担忧。由前文“twelvestudentswhohadmadeexactlythesamemistakestoremain.”可知,十二个学生犯了同样的错误,这说明他们考试作弊,cheatinginexam是一个固定短语,意为:考试作弊。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义的辨析。句意:相反,她在黑板上写了托马斯·麦考利的一句话:衡量一个人真正的品质,不是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么,而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什么。A.Personally个人而言;B.Unfortunately不幸地;C.Instead相反;D.Suddenly突然。根据“shedidn’tevensayawordaboutit..”可知,奥尼尔老师没有问我们任何问题,相反在黑板上写了托马斯·麦考利的话。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义的辨析。句意:相反,她在黑板上写了托马斯·麦考利的一句话:衡量一个人真正的品质,不是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么,而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什么。A.feature特征;B.character品质;C.advantage优势;D.wisdom智慧。根据“whathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbe 6 out.”可知,这是对一个人品质的衡量。故选B。29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:相反,她在黑板上写了托马斯·麦考利的一句话:衡量一个人真正的品质,不是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么,而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什么。A.practice实践;B.danger危险;C.detail详细;D.public公开。根据“wherehe’llbeseen,”可知,这是公开场合。inpublic“公开的”,故选D。第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
18【30题详解】考查动词词义的辨析。句意:相反,她在黑板上写了托马斯·麦考利的一句话:衡量一个人真正的智慧,不是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么,而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什么。A.found发现;B.worked工作;C.figured弄明白;D.pointed指出。根据“wherehe’llbeseen,but”可知,这是不被人发现的情况下,findout发现,workout解决,figureout弄清楚,pointout指出。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义的辨析。句意:就我自己而言,我可以说:这是我生命中最重要的一课。A.chance机会;B.lesson课;教训;C.incident事情;事件;D.memory记忆。根据下文“theystillseemtomethebest___9___”可知,我把托马斯•麦考利的话当作我行事的最佳准绳,由此可知,奥尼尔老师那天在黑板上写下了托马斯•麦考利话的那节课,是我人生当中最重要的一课。故选B。【32题详解】考查过去分词词义的辨析。句意:在得知麦考利的话三十年后,在我看来,这句话仍然是最好的准则,因为它们给了我们一种衡量自己而不是他人的方法。A.referred提到;设计;B.shown展示;C.brought带来;D.introduced介绍。introducesbsth意译为:使某人知道到、了解到某物,其被动结构为“beintroducedtosth”,根据语境再结合空格后“toMacaulay’swords,”可知,此处指作者在知道麦考利的话三十年后,故选D。【33题详解】考查固定搭配及名词词义的辨析。句意:在得知麦考利的话三十年后,在我看来,这句话仍然是最好的准则,因为它们给了我们一种衡量自己而不是他人的方法。A.sentence句子;B.choice选择;C.reason原因;D.standard标准。根据空格后“tomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.”可知,此处指麦考利的话是衡量我们自己的最好的标准。故选D。【34题详解】考查不定代词词义的辨析。句意:很少有人会被要求对国家开战或军队开战做出重大决定。A.Few几乎没有(修饰可数名词);B.All所有的;C.Some一些;D.Any任何。根据下文“decisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.”可知能做国家开战或军队开战决定的人是十分少的。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词短语的辨析。句意:但是我们每个人每天都被要求做出许多个人决定。A.givenout分发;B.cutoff中断;C.cheeredup欢呼;D.calledupon要求。根据下文“10ofuswillbeaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.But”可知,前后表示转折,虽然很少有人会被要求对国家开战或军队开战做出重大决定,但是我们却被要求做出许多个人决定,此处calledupon和上文“beasked”相呼应,故选D。第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
19【36题详解】考查并列连词词义的辨析。句意:在街上捡到的钱包,应该放进口袋里还是交给警察?A.and和;并且;B.so因此;C.or或者;D.but但是。分析可知“putintoapocket”与“turnedovertothepoliceman”是并列选择关系。故选C。【37题详解】考查形容词词义的辨析。句意:在商店收到的额外的零钱应该被忽略还是退回?A.extra额外的;多余的;B.small小的;C.some一些;D.necessary有必要的。根据语境可知此处指商店找错(多找)的零钱。故选A。【38题详解】考查过去分词词义的的辨析。句意:在商店收到的额外的零钱应该被忽略还是退回?A.paid付;B.remembered记得;C.returned退回;D.shared分享。根据or可知,此处指当我们收到额外的零钱时我们是应该假装不知道还是退回去。故选C。【39题详解】考查形容词比较级词义的辨析。句意:但是你必须学会和自己相处,伴随自己尊敬的人生活会更好。A.easier更容易;B.better更好;C.harder更难;D.freeer更自由。根据下文“tolivewithyourselfdeservingyourownrespect.”再结合前文有关麦考利名言对我的积极影响可知此处指我们首先得学会和自己相处,若能伴随自己尊敬的人生活将更好。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ShenzhouXIV’sreturncapsule,____40____(carry)astronautsChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzhe,toucheddownattheDongfenglandingsiteinnorthChina.Theastronautswereallingoodphysicalcondition,indicatingtheShenzhouXIVmissionwas____41____completesuccess.China____42____(adopt)a“three-step”strategytopushspace____43____(explore)boundariesonitsownsince1992.Thefirststepwas____44____(send)astronautsintospaceandensuretheirsafereturn.Thesecondstepwasdeveloping____45____(advance)spaceflighttechniquesandtechnologies,includingextravehicularactivityandorbitaldocking,after____46____Chinaconcentratedefforts____47____operatingapermanentmannedspacestation.Chinawillwelcomeastronautsfromothercountriestoenteritsspacestationtoconduct____48____(experiment),saidJiQiming,assistanttotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency(CMSA)director,addingthatseveralspacescienceapplicationprojects_____49_____(official)selectedbyChinaandtheUnitedNationsOfficeforOuterSpaceAffairsarebeingimplementedasplanned.第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
20【答案】40.carrying41.a42.hasadopted43.exploration44.tosend45.advanced46.which47.on48.experiments49.officially【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国神舟十四号返回舱的成功着陆和中国的太空探索计划。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:神舟十四号返回舱载着航天员陈冬、刘洋和蔡旭哲在中国北方的东风着陆点着陆。分析句子可知,“(carry)astronautsChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzhe”作后置定语修饰名词returncapsule,carry是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语returncapsule之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动。故填carrying。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意:所有宇航员的身体状况都很好,这表明神舟十四号任务取得了圆满成功。可数名词success在句中表示“一件成功的事情”,泛指,用不定冠词修饰,空格后单词complete发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。【42题详解】考查动词时态。句意:自1992年以来,中国一直采取了“三步走”战略来推动自己的太空探索边界。分析句子可知,adopt(采取)是句中谓语动词,与主语China之间是主动关系,句中有时间状语since1992,应使用现在完成时态,又因主语China是专有名词,所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态,单数形式。故填hasadopted。【43题详解】考查名词。句意:自1992年以来,中国一直采取了“三步走”战略来推动自己的太空探索边界。根据句意,应使用名词exploration构成名词词组spaceexplorationboundaries,作宾语,意为“太空探索边界”。故填exploration。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:第一步是将宇航员送入太空并确保他们安全返回。分析句子可知,“(send)第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
21astronautsintospace”作表语,send是非谓语动词,结合句中并列动词“andensure”可推知,应使用不定式tosend作表语。故填tosend。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意:第二步是发展先进的空间飞行技术和科技,包括舱外活动和轨道对接,之后中国集中力量运行永久载人空间站。根据句意可知,提示词作定语修饰名词词组spaceflighttechniques,应用形容词advanced,意为“先进的”。故填advanced。【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意:第二步是发展先进的空间飞行技术和科技,包括舱外活动和轨道对接,之后中国集中力量运行永久载人空间站。分析句子可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,关系词代替“发展先进的空间飞行技术和科技”这件事情在定语从句中作介词after后的宾语,只能用which引导该定语从句。故填which。【47题详解】考查介词。句意:第二步是发展先进的空间飞行技术和科技,包括舱外活动和轨道对接,之后中国集中力量运行永久载人空间站。concentrate...on...为固定搭配,意为“使……集中于……”。故填on。【48题详解】考查名词。句意:中国载人航天局主任助理季启明表示,中国将欢迎其他国家的宇航员进入中国空间站进行实验,并补充说,中国和联合国外层空间事务厅正式选定的几个空间科学应用项目正在按计划实施。提示词作宾语用名词,根据句意和常识可知,在空间站进行实验会很多,应用复数名词。故填experiments。【49题详解】考查副词。句意:中国载人航天局主任助理季启明表示,中国将欢迎其他国家的宇航员进入中国空间站进行实验,并补充说,中国和联合国外层空间事务厅正式选定的几个空间科学应用项目正在按计划实施。根据句意,提示词修饰动词selected,用副词officially作状语,意为“正式”。故填officially。第三节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)课文原文填空。Everywhere____50____looked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywas____51____.About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.____52____coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnow____53____thewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewerein____54____.第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
22【答案】50.survivors51.destroyed52.Bricks53.filled54.shock【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是唐山大地震发生之后的悲惨景象。【50题详解】考查名词。句意:幸存者环顾四周,只见一片废墟。空格处为主语,结合上下文可知此处表示“幸存者”,应用名词survivor,为可数名词,之前无不定冠词修饰,用复数形式符合句意。故填survivors。【51题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:城市里几乎一切都被毁了。结合上下文可知此处表示“毁坏;破坏”,应用动词的destory,everything与destory之间为被动关系,由空前的was可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填destoryed。【52题详解】考查名词。句意:砖块像红色的秋叶一样覆盖作者大地。空处为句子主语,结合上文及空后的“redautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.”可知此处表示“砖块”,应用名词brick,为可数名词,之前无不定冠词修饰,用复数形式符合句意,空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Bricks。【53题详解】考查动词时态。句意:井里装满了沙子而不是水。空处应填谓语动词,结合上下文及空后的hewellsinsteadofwater可知此处表示“填满”,应用动词fill,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填filled。【54题详解】考查名词和固定搭配。句意:人们震惊了。结合上下文此处表示“处于震惊中”应用介词短语inshock,固定搭配。故填shock。第四节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)单词填空,请在答题卡填写完整单词。55.Whatkindofeducationcanbemeaningfultoyoungpeoplea_________(影响)byconflict?(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】affected##ffected【解析】第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
23【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:什么样的教育对受冲突影响的年轻人有意义?分析句子结构可知,affect在句中作非谓语并充当定语成分来修饰名词people。affect和people之间的关系为被动关系。故填affected。56.Thiswillmakeyourcarmorevisibletor_________(营救)crews.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】rescue##escue【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:这将使你的车更容易被救援人员发现。根据汉语和首字母提示可知,“营救”是rescue,“营救人员”是rescuecrews,名词作定语。故填rescue。57.Musicisanimportantwayweexpresshumans_________(苦难),celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】suffering##uffering【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:音乐是我们表达人类苦难、庆祝、和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式。由空前的动词express及空后的celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove可知应填名词形式suffering,与celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove并列作宾语。故填suffering。58.Findthes_________(特定的)areathatyouaremostinterestedinanddevelopit.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】specific##pecific【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:找到你最感兴趣的特定领域并发展它。根据汉语提示和首字母可知,特定的是specific,形容词修饰名词作定语。故填specific。59.Drawingbackmyfreehand,Is_________(击打)thebearashardasIcouldforfivetosixtimes.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】struck##truck【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我缩回空着的那只手,使劲地打了那只熊五六下。根据汉语和首字母提示可知,击打是strike,主语I后缺少谓语动词,根据could可知,用一般过去时,故填struck。60.Morestaffisneededtomeetthed_________(需求)ofthepeoplewhoareconcernedabouttheirphysicalwell-being.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】demand##emand【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:需要更多的工作人员来满足那些关心他们身体健康的人的需求。由空前的meetthe可知应填名词形式demand,作宾语,meetthedemand意为“满足需求”,固定搭配。故填demand。第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
2461.ThatwasthefirsttimeDadhadcountedonmeinamomentofe_________(紧急事件).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】emergency##mergeny【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:那是爸爸第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。由空前的介词介词of可知应填名词形式emergency,作宾语。故填emergency。62.Allhumanbeingsshouldbeconsiderede_________(平等的).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】equal##qual【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:所有的人都应该被认为是平等的。根据首字母和汉语提示可知,“平等的”是equal,considersomebody+形容词表示认为某人怎样,故填equal。63.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschools_________(补给品)aspossible,andmakethemintokits.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】supplies##upplies【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:我们决定收集尽可能多的学习用品,并把它们做成工具包。根据单词首字母及句意“补给品;供应品”及空前的collectasmanyschool可知应填名词形式supplies,作宾语。故填supplies。64.Hea_________(感激)theresponsibilityyou’vegivenhimandenjoyshisfreedom.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】appreciates##ppreciates【解析】【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:他感激你给他的责任,享受他的自由。根据汉语提示可知,感激是appreciate,再结合and后面的动词enjoys可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词也用单数,故填appreciates。第四部分书面表达(满分15分)65.假定你是李华,你的留学生同学Tom得知中国的新年要来了,想请你给他写封邮件介绍春节。内容包括:1.节日时间;2.节日风俗;3.邀请他一起过节。第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
25注意:1.写作词数应为100左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearTom,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearTom,KnowingthatyouareinterestedintheSpringFestival,soI’mwritingtointroduceittoyou.TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinesepeopleanditisatimewhenallfamilymembersgettogether,justlikeChristmasintheWest.TheSpringFestivalfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmonth.Onthatdayweofteneatourtraditionaldumplings,whichisverydelicious.Besides,peopleusuallydecoratethedoorsandwindowswithredcoupletsandhangredlanterns,becauseredmeansgoodluck.Perhapsyouwillenjoyyangkodanceandsetofffireworkswithusifyoucome.Childrencangetluckymoneyfromtheirparentsandgrandparents.I’dliketoinviteyoutojoinusfortheSpringFestival.Lookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生同学Tom写封邮件介绍春节。【详解】1.词汇积累对……感兴趣:beinterestedin→befondof此外:besides→what’smore经常:usually→often美味的:delicious→tasty2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:Besides,Peopleusuallydecoratethedoorsandwindowswithredcoupletsandhangredlanternsbecause第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
26redmeansgoodluck.拓展句:Thereasonwhypeopleusuallydecoratethedoorsandwindowswithredcoupletsandhangredlanternsisthatredmeansgoodluck.【点睛】【高分句型1】Onthatdayweofteneatourtraditionalfood-dumplings,whichisverydelicious.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】KnowingthatyouareinterestedintheSpringFestival,nowI’mwritingtointroduceittoyou.(运用了现在分词短语作状语)第28页/共28页学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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