英语四级考试中常见的考察词汇题型(5)

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英语四级考试中常见的考察词汇题型(5)一、虚拟语气的规则用法：1主、从句都表示与过去事实相反：从句的谓语动词用：had+动词过去分词；主句的谓语动词用：情态动词+have+动词过去分词。注意：能用于虚拟语气的情态动词只有四个：should,could,would,might.使用哪一个情态动词要由句子含义决定，考试中出现最多的是could,would.2主、从句都表示与现在事实相反：从句的谓语动词用：动词过去式（如果是be则只能用were）主句的谓语动词用：情态动词+动词原形。3主、从句都表示与将来事实相反：从句的谓语动词用：wereto+动词原形（重点）、should+动词原形、动词过去式；主句的谓语动词用：情态动词+动词原形。二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：1wouldrather+句子，这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。2ifonly如果，要是...就好了，ifonly+句子，这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。有两种形式可以体现虚拟语气：a.如果该句子如果表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。b.如果该句子如果表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。70.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_B_youradvice.AfollowBhadfollowedCwouldfollowDhavefollowed47.Ifonlythecommittee_D_theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossibleAapproveBwillapproveCcanapproveDwouldapprove注意：当ifonly后的句子表示与现在或将来事实相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would+动词原形。3当以下动词后加句子时，句子应用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词的形式是：（should）+动词原形。a.表示建议、提议的：suggest,advise,propose,recommend,move.[move只有在表达在会议上提出提议时后面加虚拟语气]b.表示要求的：ask,demand,require,request,desire.c.表示指挥、命令的：order,command,direct.d.表示坚持，坚持认为的：insist.4itis+第三点中动词的过去分词+that引导的从句。这样的结构中从句谓语动词形式为：（should）+动词原形。以下几个形容词置于该结构中时也要用相同的形式来体现虚拟语气：important,necessary,essential,obligatory（有义务的，强制性的，必须的）。5第三点中动词相应的名词形式+that引导从句，该从句同样要用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为：（should）+动词原形。经常用于这种结构的词有：suggestion,advice,proposal,recommendation,motion.6以下一些表达方式所在的句子一定要用虚拟语气。or(表示否则),otherwise,unless,butfor(若不是，若非)当遇到含有以上四个表达方式的句子时，先要判断该句是表示与现在、过去、还是将来事实相反，然后依照相应的虚拟语气规则用法的形式来确定句子结构。含有下面三个表达方式的句子体现虚拟语气的形式是固定的：

1lest(以免，防备),forfearthat(惟恐),onconditionthat(在..条件下)它们后面句子的谓语动词的形式都是：（should）+动词原形。7itistime是...的时候了。这个结构有以下两种变形形式，所用虚拟语气形式都一样：itishightime/itisabouttime.这三个结构后面加的句子谓语动词都用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。8注意以下两种情况下should+动词原形中should不能省略。这里should表示一种语气，经常被翻译成“竟然”。a.四个动词：think,believe,expect,suspect.它们的否定或者疑问形式后面加句子，句子谓语动词用：should+动词原形，should不能省略。Idon'tbelievethatheshouldbecheated.我不相信他也会被骗。b.itisapity,itisashame真遗憾，itisstrange真怪以上三个结构后面加的句子谓语动词用：should+动词原形，should不能省略。错综时态的虚拟语气错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理，即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对应的结构。60.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_A_now.Awouldn'tbesmilingBcouldn'thavesmiledCwon'tsmileDdidn'tsmile2.Ifyouhadstudiedtheproblemcarefullyyesterday,_C_.Ayouwon’tfindanydifficultynowByouwouldnothavefoundanydifficultynowCyouwouldnotfindanydifficultynowDyouhavenotfoundanydifficultynow3.Hewouldbestudyingattheuniversitynowifhe_C_theentranceexamination.ApassedBhavepassedChadpassedDshouldhavepassed16.Itisashamethathe_B_thatpoorlittlegirl!AdeceivedBshoulddeceiveCdeceiveDdeceiving18.Mrs.blisskeptthedoorandthewindowsshutlestthenoiseoutside_D_herson'ssleep.[lest(以免，防备)后面句子的谓语动词的形式都是：（should）+动词原形]AwouldinterferewithBhadinterferedwithCinterferedwithDshouldinterferewith-------------------------1996-01-------------------------21.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_C_andperfectednow.A)developedBhavedevelopedCarebeingdevelopedDwillhavebeendeveloped22.Thisticket_C_youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcreditsA,B两项都要加双宾语，结构为：gives/grantssb.sth.entitlesb.tosth.使某人有权得到某物；creditAtoB相信A是由B造成的。相信飞机失事是由飞行员错误造成的。Creditthecrashtothepilot'smistake.crash坠落，坠毁（专指飞机失事）；collision碰撞（强调两个物体碰撞，如火车、汽车等）。wearesorry,verysorry,terriblysorry,awfullysorry.23.You_D_herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.Aneedn'thaveseenBmusthaveseenCmighthaveseenDcan'thaveseen24.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut_D_thepolice.

2AcalledinBcallinginCcallinDtocallinhavenochoicebuttodosth.别无选择，只能做...25.Shewasso_B_inherjobthatshedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.AattractedBabsorbedCdrawnDconcentratedbeattractedby被…所吸引；beabsorbedin全神贯注（专注）于做…bedrawnin被诱骗（诱使）做...；concentrateon专注于。Iwassimplydrawnin.我是被诱骗上钩的。27.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly_B_toanothersubject.AcommittedBswitchedCfavouredDtransmittedswitchtoanothersubject转换话题；switchtoanotherchannel转换频道。28.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios_C_after11o'clockatnight.[虚拟语气]AwerenotplayedBnottoplayCnotbeplayedDdidnotplay29.AlthoughIliketheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyitwasthebeautiful_D_throughthewindow.AvisionBlookCpictureDviewviewn.景色，风景，视野，视域。30.Cancerissecondonly_B_heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.AofBtoCwithDfrom具有比较意味的形容词都要与介词to搭配。32.Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan_A_totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.[inhisabsence在某人不在场的情况下]AcountonBcountinCcountupDcountoutpresencen.到场，出席；inone’spresence在某人在场的情况下。counton=dependon指望，依靠，依赖；countup算出总数；countin把…算在内；countout把...排除在外。33.Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,but_A_haditactedresponsibly.AneitherBsoCeitherDboth34.Wegaveoutacheerwhentheredroofofthecottagecame_D_view.AfromBinCbeforeDintocomeintoview进入视野，进入眼帘。cheern.欢呼；cheers干杯；cheer-team拉拉队；cheer-leader拉拉队长。英语中为了…干杯用介词to引起。toyourhealth为了你的健康干杯；tofriendship为了友谊干杯。bottomup先干了。35.Theytook_D_measurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping.AfruitfulBbeneficialCvalidDeffectivetakeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施。validadj.有效的，成立的。36.Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue_A_itcomestoclassroomtests.AwhenBsinceCbeforeDaftersure做定语时表示“可靠的、稳妥的”。cometo谈到，提及。37.Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientsdonottakedrugs_D_directed.AlikeBsoCwhichDas

3drugn.药品，毒品。gayadj.放荡的，快乐的；n.同性恋者，尤指男性同性恋。so后面加过去分词表示一种程度。as后面加过去分词时表示“如同…那样，正如…那样”。53.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,_D_suggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.AwhileBsinceCafterDasprecautionsn.防治措施；precautionsagainst防治…的措施。afterbeing+过去分词，注意：after后面不能直接加过去分词。38.Indevelopingcountriespeopleare_C_intoovercrowdedcitiesingreatnumbers.AbreakingBfillingCpouringDhurryingpourinto涌入，蜂拥而入。breakinto强行闯入。39.It'sreportedthatbytheendofthismonththeoutputofcementinthefactory_A_byabout10%.[output产量]AwillhaverisenBhasrisenCwillberisingDhasbeenrising表达将来的行为在将来某时间之前完成用将来完成时。40.IfIhadremembered_A_thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.AtocloseBclosingCtohaveclosedDhavingclosedremembertodosth.记得要做某事但没做。41.ThereareotherproblemswhichIdon'tproposeto_A_atthemoment.AgointoBgoaroundCgoforDgoupatthemoment目前，现在。gointo谈论，讨论。42.Don'tgetyourschedule_C_;staywithusinthisclass.AtochangeBchangingCchangedDchange43.Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand_A_knowledge.AextensiveBexpansiveCintensiveDexpensiveextensiveadj.范围广大的，广博的；extensiveknowledge知识渊博。expansiveadj.扩张的，面积广阔的；expensiveadj.昂贵的，高价的。intensiveadj.仔细深入的，细致入微的。54.Thepatient'shealthfailedtosuchanextentthathewasputinto_C_care.AtenseBrigidCintensiveDtighttosuchanextent到如此的程度。intensivecare特级护理。44.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_B_ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.AhastogetBweretogetChadgotDcouldhavegot46.Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily_B_muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.[alovemarriage因相爱而结婚形成的婚姻]AtakeoverBresultinCholdonDkeeptonotnecessarily未必；interestsn.利益。takeover接管，接收；resultin导致，结果是；holdon坚持，挺住；keepto坚持，遵守。47.Theabilitytostoreknowledgemakescomputersdifferentformeveryothermachine_A_invented.[everadj.曾经，以往任何时候]AeverBthusCyetDas48.I'mnotsurewhetherIcangainanyprofitfromtheinvestment,soIcan'tmakea(n)_C_promisetohelpyou.AexactBdefinedCdefiniteDsure

4definite:unlikelytobechanged不可能被改变的；definitepromise不可能被改变的诺言。49.Ihavekeptthatportrait_B_Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysinLondon.AwhichBwhereCwhetherDwhenwhich在定语从句中除了做主语就是做宾语，when在定语从句中只能做时间状语。remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事。50.Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally_D_becauseofthebadweather.[sportsmeet=sportsmeeting运动会]AsetoffBbrokenoffCwornoffDcalledoff-------------------------1997-01-------------------------21.Untilthen,hisfamily_D_fromhimforsixmonths.Adidn'thearBhasn'tbeenhearingChasn'theardDhadn'thearduntilthen直到那时。hearfromsb.收到某人的来信，得到某人的消息。22.Theconference_B_afullweekbythetimeitends.AmusthavelastedBwillhavelastedCwouldlastDhaslasted见到介词by引导的时间状语，谓语动词就应是完成时态。24.Physicsis_B_tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.AalikeBequivalentClikelyDuniformbealiketosb.对于某人来说均是一样的。beequivalentto相当于。Alltastesarealiketohim.所有味道对他来说都一样。27.Thenewappointmentofourpresident_A_fromtheverybeginningofnextsemester.AtakeseffectBtakespartCtakesplaceDtakesturnssemestern.学期；presidentn.大学校长；takeeffect生效，发生效力；takepartin参与，参加；takeplace=happen发生；takesturntodosth.轮流做某事。28.Thepresidentmadea_A_speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.AvigorousBtediousCflatDharshceremonyn.典礼，仪式；表达在某个典礼上介词用at。vigorousadj.强劲有力的，强有力的。harshadj.刺耳的，令人不愉快的；flatadj.平淡无奇的；tediousadj.冗长无聊的。29.Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent_C_whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.[extentto]AfromBwithCtoDfor30.Findingajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeen_D_hiswildestdreams.AunderBoverCaboveDbeyondbeyondone’swildestdreams做梦也想不到。31.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell,butifyou_C_,youwillsucceedintheend.AhangupBhangaboutChangonDhangontohangon坚持，继续下去。32.Itisreportedthat_C_adoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare.AthemostBmostofCmostDthemostofmost单独出现的时候有两种词性要考虑：1adv.非常；2adj.大多数的。themost后面加多音节的形容词或副词构成该句的最高级。mostof+名词，表示这些名词中的大多数。makethemostof充分利用。

534._D_beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.[Weretheytoarrive=Iftheyweretoarrive]AHadtheyarrivedBWouldtheyarriveCWeretheyarrivingDWeretheytoarrive35.Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswere_A_andmanyhousescollapsed.AwreckedBspoiledCtornDinjuredcollapsevi.倒塌，坍塌；wreckvt.（船只）遭到破坏。torn原形是tear，n.眼泪，vt.撕裂，撕开。37.As_B_announcedintoday'spapers,theShanghaiExportCommoditiesFairisalsoopenonSundays.AbeingBisCtobeDbeen注意两个非限定性定语从句的引导词：as,which。which在做非限定性定语从句引导词时有两个特点：1which前要有逗号与前面句子分开；2which引导非限定性定语从句指的是前面整句话的内容。只要引导非限定性定语从句as和which都指一句话内容，区别在于which只能放在它所指那句话的后面，而as可以在前面也可以在后面。38.Youseethelightning_A_ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.AtheinstantBforaninstantContheinstantDinaninstanttheinstant=assoonas一…就…39.Themanagerlosthis_B_justbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate.AmoodBtemperCmindDpassionloseone’stemper发脾气。40.GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas_C_todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.AaretochallengeBmaybechallengedChavebeenchallengedDarechallengingas表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以放在引导词之前构成部分倒装。41.Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou_D_thenewcarpet.AcrashBpolluteCspotDstainpollutevt.污染；spotn.地点，场所，斑点，污点；v.使…上有斑点、污点。spotteddog斑点狗。stainv.弄脏，玷污，染色。59.Thetomatojuiceleftbrown_A_onthefrontofmyjacket.AspotBpointCtrackDtrace42.I'dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem_B_allthetime.AtogetworseBtobegettingworseCtohavegotworseDgettingworseallthetime始终，一直。43.Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingare_D_ingrocerystores.AreadyBapproachableCprobableDavailableconveniencefoods方便食品；instantcoffee/noodle速容咖啡/速食面。readyadj.准备好的；approachableadj.可接近的，平易近人的，亲切的。probableadj.可能的；availableadj.可获得的，可利用的，可支配的。44.WhenIcaughthim_A_Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.AcheatingBcheatCtocheatDtobecheating45.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney_A_tofundtheproject.

6AbecollectedBmustbecollectedCwascollectedDcanbecollected46.Someoldpeopledon'tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan't_C_somuchnoise.AresistBsustainCtolerateDundergotoleratevt.忍受，容忍；undergovt.经历，遭受。48._C_onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.[atonetime曾经，一度]AOnBByCAtDOf49._A_itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.ABelieveBTobelieveCBelievingDBelievedbelieveitornot信不信由你。createastir引起轰动。50.Mr.Morgancanbeverysad_C_,thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful.AbyhimselfBinpersonCinprivateDasindividualinpublic在公众面前；inprivate私下单独一个人的时候。