英语四级考试中常见的考察词汇题型(2)

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英语四级考试中常见的考察词汇题型(2)　　1.当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。（它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语）。独立主格的结构1：名词（代词）+分词[现在分词、过去分词]现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为；过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。作题时要通过判断动作与名词（代词）之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词（代词）发出时使用现在分词，而名词（代词）是受动者时则用过去分词。54.Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper_B_itclosely.AfollowedBfollowingCtofollowDbeingfollowed49.Allthings_A_,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.AconsideredBbeconsideredCconsideringDhavingconsideredcalloff取消；cancelvt.取消；四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。独立主格的结构2：with+名词（代词）+分词[句子当中作状语]36.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys_C_togotoschool.AtobeencouragedBbeenencouragedCbeingencouragedDbeencouragedaswellas和（相当于and）；beencouraged不会考。动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。tobeencouraged将要被鼓励；beenencouraged已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对；beingencouraged正在被鼓励2.短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语）句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词；如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。43.Nomatterhowfrequently_A_,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.AperformedBperformingCtobeperformedDbeingperformedperformvt.表演，演出，演奏；tobeperformed将要被演奏；beingperformed正在被演奏；一些特殊的动词：第一点：forget忘记；[反义]remember记得；这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为；这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事；forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事；remembertodosth.记得要去做某事；rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事；62.Iremember_B_tohelpusifweevergotintotrouble.AonceofferingBhimonceofferingChimtoofferDtoofferhimoffervt.提出，提供；offersb.sth./offertodosth.himonceoffering如果改成hisonceoffering也正确。动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。动作发出者+动名词；当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+动名词；当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词（宾格）+动名词。形容词物主代词：his,her,my,your,their,our。代词宾格：him,her,me,you,us,them。第二点：want想要；wanttodosth.想做某事；wantdoing客观需要或缺乏。48.Yourhairwants_B_.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.

1AcutBcuttingCtocutDbeingcut注意：wantdoing中doing表示的是被动含义。18.Thisroomissodirtythatitwants_A_.AcleaningBtocleanCbeingcleanedDcleaned第三点：mean意味；meantodosth.打算做某事，意欲…；meandoing意味着，…的意思是…25.There'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_B_trouble.[receptiondesk接待台]AmakingBtomakeCtohavemadeDhavingmade-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------55.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_D_.AtoerectBbeerectedCerectingDbeingerectedwatch看电视用，看比赛用；see看电影用；感官动词watch,see,hear；感官动词+名词（代词）+dobeerected强调的是动作的结果；beingerected强调的是动作的过程。56.Theengine_D_smokeandsteam.AgivesupBgivesinCgivesawayDgivesoffgiveup放弃；givein屈服，让步；giveoff释放，放出（烟和气体）；giveaway泄露，走漏风声；婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程；赠送礼品。57.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme_C_ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.AtobeinformedBoninformingCinformedDinformingkeepsb.+分词；informv.通知，告知；informsb.ofsth.通知某人某件事情keepmeinformed使我被告知。60.Thegoals_B_hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.AafterwhichBforwhichCwithwhichDatwhichfightwithsb.（注意要看整个句子）；fightwith+工具用该工具来打仗。fightfor为…而战。Ifightwithhim.我和他打起来了。Ifightwithhimagainsther.我和他并肩对付她。61.Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand_B_inaquietneighborhood.AallinallBaboveallCafterallDoverallallinall总而言之；aboveall首先，尤其是；afterall毕竟，终究；overall全面的，总体的inaword总之，inshort简而言之，inconclusion最后，总之，tosumup总之，总而言之。62._B_wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.AFornowBNowthatCEversinceDBynownowthat既然，由于（相当于since）；eversince自从…以来。与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：nowthat既然，由于；inthat因为；exceptthat除…之外。except后面加名词或代词；exceptthat后面加句子。63.Whatyouhavedoneis_D_thedoctor’sorders.AattachedtoBresponsibletoCresistanttoDcontrarytobeattachedto连接，附属；ThisschoolisattachedtoBeida.这所学校附属于北大。responsibleto对…负有责任；resistantadj.反抗的，抵抗的；waterresistant防水的。becontraryto与..相反（相违背）。64.Johnregretted_A_tothemeetinglastweek.

2AnotgoingBnottogoCnothavingbeengoingDnottobegoingregretdoing后悔做过某事；regrettodosth.遗憾的做某事（应用语境非常有限）。63.Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedare_B_.AoutofworkBoutofstockCoutofreachDoutofpracticeoutofwork失业；outofreach够不着withinreach够得着；outofpractice缺乏练习。65.They_C_inspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.AcarriedoutBcarriedoffCcarriedonDcarriedforwardinspiteof尽管；carryon坚持，继续。66.Mrs.Brownissupposed_A_forItalylastweek.AtohaveleftBtobeleavingCtoleaveDtohavebeenleftbesupposedtodosth.应该（理应）做某事。37.He’swatchingTV?He’s_D_tobecleaninghisroom.AknownBconsideredCregardedDsupposedregardas把…认作67.Mycameracanbe_B_totakepicturesincloudyorsunnyconditions.AtreatedBadjustedCadoptedDremediedtreat对待，处理；I’lltreatyou.我请客，应用于真正请客之前。It’sonme.应用于结账时。adjustvt.调整，调节；adoptvt.收养，领养；remedyvt.弥补，补救，修正；68.Anewtechnique_C_,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.AworkingoutBhavingworkedoutChavingbeenworkedoutDtohavebeenwordedoutyields产量；workout做出，推出关于百分数之前介词的用法increaseto80percent增加到80%（增加到用to）increaseby60percent增加了60%（表示增加的幅度用by）55.Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded_A_27%.AbyBforCtoDin69.Childrenwhoareover-protectedbytheirparentsmaybecome_C_.AhurtBdamagedCspoiledDharmedspoilvt.宠坏，溺爱70.WhenMr.Jonesgetsold,hewill_B_overhisbusinesstohisson.AtakeBhandCthinkDgettakeover接管接收；handover移交，交出；thinkover仔细考虑；getover克服，战胜。-------------------------1991-06-------------------------41.Wehadapartylastmonth,anditwasalotoffun,solet’shave_A_onethismonth.AanotherBmoreCtheotherDother不定代词：1两者中的一个用one；另一个则用theother；2很多东西中的一个用one；剩下的所有叫theothers；3很多东西中的一个用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another；在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another（单数概念）；4很多东西中拿了若干出来用some；剩下所有叫others；other后通常要加可数名词的复数形式；more要用在数词的后面oncemore再来一个（用于很不正式的场合）bravo再来一个（用于正式场合）44.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto_A_.AtheotherBanyotherCanotherDother

3neither两者中任意一者都不42.Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather_B_tothenewswouldbe.AimpressionBreactionCcommentDopinionreactionn.反应；reactionto对…作出反应。43.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI_D_.AfinishwhatIdidBfinishedwhatIdidCwouldfinishwhatIwasdoingDfinishedwhatIwasdoingassoonas所引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态搭配有一种情况是主从句都用一般过去时。45.Weareinterestedintheweatherbecauseit_B_ussodirectlywhatwewear,whatwedo,andevenhowwefeel.AbenefitsBaffectsCguidesDeffectsaffectvt.影响；effectn.影响。46.Willallthose_D_theproposalraisetheirhands?AinrelationtoBincontrasttoCinexcessofDinfavorofinrelationto与…相比；incontrastto与…形成对照；inexcessof超过，超出（一定的限定范围）；infavorof赞同，支持。47.Childrenareverycurious_D_.AatheartBinpersonConpurposeDbynatureatheart在心理，在内心；heart强调的是内心的感情，mind强调的是思维，头脑，soul灵魂inperson亲自，本人；onpurpose有意的，故意的；bynature生性（天性）使然。48.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers_A_amatchwithoutastandardcourt.AobjectedtohavingBwereobjectedtohaveCobjectedtohaveDwereobjectedtohaving58.Themaninthecornerconfessedto_B_alietothemanagerofthecompany.AhavetoldBhavingtoldCbeingtoldDbetoldconfessv.忏悔；confessto承认，坦白。49.Theteacherdoesn’tpermit_C_inclass.AsmokeBtosmokeCsmokingDtohaveasmokepermitv.允许，准许；permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事；permitdoing允许做某事。-------------------------2000-06-------------------------21.Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto_D_it.ApostponeBrefuseCdelayDcancel22.Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou_A_youneed.AalltheinformationBalltheinformationsCallofinformationDalloftheinformations23.Notuntilthegamehadbegun_C_atthesportsground.AhadhearrivedBwouldhehavearrivedCdidhearriveDshouldhehavearrived24.Youngpeoplearenot_B_tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.[参与，参加]AconservativeBcontentCconfidentDgenerousconservativeadj.保守的；conservativeparty保守党；contentadj.甘愿的，满足的；confidentadj.自信的，有信心的；generousadj.慷慨的，大方的。

425.MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis_C_.AgrantedBimpliedCexaggeratedDremediedmaintain坚持认为；mediumn.媒体单数，median.媒体复数；grantvt.授予，给予；implyvt.隐含，暗示；exaggeratev.夸大，夸张，高估；remedyvt.弥补，补救，修正。26.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_A_bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.[victims受害人]AunrecordedBtobeunrecordedCunrecordingDtohavebeenunrecorded27.Ihavenoobjection_B_yourstoryagain.[objectto+动名词]AtohearBtohearingCtohavingheardDtohaveheard28.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis_B_orsocialposition.AcuriosityBstatusCdeterminationDsignificancestatusn.身份，地位；significancen.意义，重要性；29.Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave_D_opportunitytochangehismind.AaccurateBurgentCexcessiveDadequateaccurateadj.精确的；urgentadj.紧急的，紧迫的；excessiveadj.过多的，过度的；adequateadj.充足的，足够的。30.Youwillseethisproduct_B_whereveryougo.AtobeadvertisedBadvertisedCadvertiseDadvertising31.Theearlypioneershadto_C_manyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.AgoalongwithBgobackonCgothroughDgointogothrough经历32.Thesuggestionthatthemajor_B_theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.AwouldpresentBpresentCpresentsDoughttopresentsuggestion,suggest所引导的句子都用虚拟语气。should+（动词原形）34.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested_B_atthenexttown.AtostopBstoppingCstopDhavingstoppedsuggest+doing也可以33.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,_A_overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhatwhose指代的就是他前面的maledrinkers.35.Ididn'tknowtheword.Ihadto_C_adictionary.AlookoutBmakeoutCrefertoDgooverlookup查阅；lookupawordinadictionary在字典中查单词；referencen.参考书目；referenceroom资料室；36.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_D_hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.[sufficient充足的，足够的；grounds论据；arguments论点]AtobebasedonBtobaseonCwhichtobaseonDonwhichtobasebasevt.以…作基础，基于…which引导从句时，如果从句是介词结尾则介词应在which之前。onwhich(heis)tobase

537.Therearesigns_A_restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.AthatBwhichCinwhichDwhosesignn.迹象；factn.事实；evidencen.证据；后面常加同位语从句来说明具体内容。同位语从句用that（不能省略）引导。38.IthinkIwasatschool,_A_IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.[orelse否则，要不然]AorelseBandthenCorsoDevenso39.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_A_towardsbrightstudents.ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliablepartialadj.偏袒的，偏爱的（经常与to或towards搭配）40.Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook_C_troubleoverthefigures.[figures数目，数据；extra额外的，附加的]AextensiveBspareCextraDsupreme41.-"MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?"-"I'msorry.Mr.Williams_A_toaconferencelongbeforethen."AwillhavegoneBhadgoneCwouldhavegoneDhasgone当要表达将来的行为在将来的某时间之前完成用将来完成时，将来完成时结构：willhave+p.p.42.You_D_himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.Ashouldn'tfollowBmustn'tfollowCcouldn't'havebeenfollowingDshouldn'thavebeenfollowingshouldhave+p.p.本应该；shouldn’thave+p.p.本不应该43.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,_D_morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.AhaveallowedBallowCallowingDallowspart-time兼职；full-time全职；flexibleworkingpatterns弹性工作制；training培训；retraining再培训；takeadvantage利用；44.Everybody_A_inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.AassembledBaccumulatedCpiledDjoinedassembled聚集；secretary书记。45.Puttinginanewwindowwill_B_cuttingawaypartoftheroof.AincludeBinvolveCcontainDcompriseinvolve引起，与…直接有关46.Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems;_C_obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.[theleast最高级]AwithwhichBforwhichCofwhichDwhich42.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems;_C_obtainingwaterisnottheleast.[theleast最高级]AforwhichBtowhichCofwhichDinwhich47.Inthe_C_oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.[intheeventof万一，如果]AfaceBtimeCeventDcourseinthefaceof面对；inthetimeof在…时期；inthecourseof在…期间。48.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter_D_inthesameoffice.

6AhadnotworkedBnottoworkCdoesnotworkDdidnotworkwouldrather+动词原形；wouldrather+句子（用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词用一般过去时）49._D_,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.AAlthoughmuchhelikesherBMuchalthoughhelikesherCAshelikeshermuchDMuchashelikesher如果用although引导则应改成：Althoughhelikesherverymuch…50.TheBritishconstitutionis_B_alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.[无论是在空格前还是后，如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to]AwithinBtoCbyDattoalargeextent在很大程度上。