英语六级模拟考试题试题

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英语六级模拟考试题试题2008年6月大学英语六级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?1.       随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多；2.       有人认为电子图书将会取代传统图书，理由是…3.       我的看法。 PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)WhatWilltheWorldBeLikeinFiftyYears?Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,fromgas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonisingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexhaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”LivinglongerAnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,believesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallygostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneedforhumandonors.Theseorganswouldbegrowninanimalssuchaspigs.Whenapatientneededaneworgan,suchasakidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmunologicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andallowingthemtodevelopintoanorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbraininananimalbody.”RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“authenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:“Itisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”AliensColinPillinger,professorofplanetarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidstarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites(陨石).ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeintheancientpermanentfrostofMarsoronotherplaners.Headds:ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovered

1before2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.Hesays:“Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymayalsochangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.”ColoniesinspaceRichardGott,professorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”SpinalinjuriesEllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinjuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflictedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.Shesays:“Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprescribedrugsthatcausesevered(断裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.”“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplacingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictsthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repairstothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.ObesitySydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolutionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”RobotsRodneyBrooks,professorofroboticsatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,“thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”EnergyBillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifornia,says:”Themostsignificantbreakthroughwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.SocietyGeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnotaprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”Healsopredictsthat“absurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeunfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.Thesethreechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brighter,wiser,happierandkinder”.1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?A)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantationC)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday

24.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigan,peoplewill____.A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferingsC)liveto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales5.PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksthat____.A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMarsC)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.A)mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearthB)mightacquireamplenaturalresourcesC)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,predictsthat_____.A)humanorganscanbemanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddynamicassupermenC)humannervescanbereplacedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.RodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultofthedevelopmentof_____9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBillJoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__.10.AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)听力请到中国四六级考试网上下载SectionA11.A)ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B)Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.C)Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.A)WorkoutaplantotightenhisbudgetB)Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.C)Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.A)Afinancialburden.B)AgoodcompanionC)Arealnuisance.D)Awell-trainedpet.14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.B)Thewomanwasmistakenherself.C)Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.D)Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.15.A)Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.C)Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.D)Hewillbeawayforatwo-weekconference.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.B)Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.C)Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.D)TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8.17.A)Theyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.B)Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.C)Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.A)Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease.B)Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.D)It’lltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontrol.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Enormoussizeofitsstores.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.C)Itsappealingsurroundings.D)Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.20.A)Anancientbuilding.B)Aworldofantiques.C)AnEgyptianmuseum.D)AnEgyptianMemorial.21.A)Itspowerbillreaches£9millionayear.B)Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.C)Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.A)11,500B)30,000C)250,000D)300,000Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Transferringtoanotherdepartment.B)StudyingaccountingatauniversityC)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.D)Makingpreparationsforherwedding.24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.B)Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanother

3company.C)Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.D)Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.25.A)HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.C)Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife.D)HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports.B)Theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways.C)Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansorwaterrecreation.27.A)Waterscooteroperators’lackofexperience.B)Vacationers’disregardofwatersafetyrules.C)Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft.D)Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore.28.A)Theyscarewhalestodeath.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.C)Theydischargetoxicemissions.D)Theyendangerlotsofwaterlife.29.A)Expandoperatingareas.B)Restrictoperatinghours.C)Limittheuseofwaterscooters.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theyarestable.B)Theyareclose.C)Theyarestrained.D)Theyarechanging.31.A)Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.C)Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors.D)Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations.32.A)Countoneachotherforhelp.B)Giveeachotheracoldshoulder.C)Keepafriendlydistance.D)Buildafencebetweenthem.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters.B)ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica.C)Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.A）Itislessseriousincitiesthaninruralareas.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.C)Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate.D)ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators.35.A)Allowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachers.B)Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D)Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits.SectionCI'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedoneifwe’reto(36)___asacountry.Icertainlydon'tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlyget(37)____inahurrywhenyougetintothem.ButIwonderifsomethingcouldn'tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputting(38)_____injailwhohaven'tharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystem(39)_____theycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadof(40)___anotherdebtbygoingtoprison,andofcourse,comingunderthe(41)____ofhardenedcriminals?I'malsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleare(42)______forseriouscrimes.Ofcourse,onealternativetothisisto(43)______capitalpunishment,butI'mnotsureIwouldbeforthat.I'mnotsureit'srighttotakeaneyeforeye.(44)_____.Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanityplea.Inmyopinion,anyonewhotakesanotherperson’slifeintentionallyisinsane;however,(45)_____.It’ssad,ofcourse,thatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhislife,or(46)______.

4 PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifmovietrailers(预告片)aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie’sevenabout.That’swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral(震撼心灵的).Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.“United93”isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,“United93”willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere’reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,“Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject.”Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O’Harethinksthat’sunfair.“Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,”shesays.“Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren’tsecure.Ourbordersaren’tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren’tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou’renotsecure.That’sthemessageIwantpeopletohear.”47.Thetrailerfor“United93”succeededin________whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.48.Themovie“United93”issuretogiveriseto_______________.49.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?50.Universal,whichisreleasing“United93”,hasbeencriticizedfor_________.51.CaroleO’Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto_________aboutsecurity.SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,（屈辱），foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,the

5tradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeverage（饮料）business.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.52.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?A)TheireconomyisplungingB)TheircurrencyhasslumpedC)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?A)TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.B)Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.D)Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54.HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?A)TheyfeelcontemptuousofitB)Theyaresympatheticwithit.C)Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55.whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?A)TheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectB)Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleC)TheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadD)Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?A)Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.B)ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeC)Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.D)FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexamsselectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeour

6pushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A)Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B)Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C)Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D)Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever?A)Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B)Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C)Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D)Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“kidscountmorethantheircolleges”Line1,para.4?A)Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess.B)Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C)Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground.D)Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.60.WhatdoesKrueger’sstudytellus?A)GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B)Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C)GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D)Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.61.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______A)theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB)theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC)theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD)theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication PartVClozeSevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,Imetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheU.S.economy62duringthe’90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,neededtogothehigh-technology_63_.Buthow?Inthelate’90s,theanswerschemedobvious:Indians._64_all,IndianentrepreneursaccountedforoneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.SotheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould_65_IndianstoGermanyjustasAmericadoes:by_66_greencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGermanGreenCardand_67_thattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear._68_,theGermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,andperhapsthe_69_wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasafailure.Ayearlater_70_halfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafewextensions,theprogramwas_71_.ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethatIwassurethe_72_wouldfail.It’snotthatIhadanyparticularexpertiseinimmigrationpolicy,_73_Iunderstoodsomethingaboutgreencards,becauseIhadone(theAmerican_74_).TheGermanGreenCardwasmisnamed,Iargued,_75_itnever,underanycircumstances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,isanalmost_76_pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandacleanrecord).Theofficial_77_myobjection,sayingthattherewasnowayGermanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship.“Weneedyoungtechworkers,”hesaid.“That’swhatthisprogramisall_78_.”SoGermanywasaskingbrightyoung_79_toleavetheircountry,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageandworkinastrangeland—butwithoutany_80_ofeverbeingpartoftheirnewhome.Germanywassendingasignal,onethatwas_81_receivedinIndiaandothercountries,andalsobyGermany’sownimmigrantcommunity.62.A)soarB)hoverC)amplifyD)intensify63.A)circuitB)strategyC)traitD)route64.A)OfB)AfterC)InD)At65.A)importB)kidnapC)conveyD)lure

766.A)offeringB)installingC)evacuatingD)formulating67.A)conferredB)inferredC)announcedD)verified68.A)SpeciallyB)NaturallyC)ParticularlyD)Consistently69.A)quotasB)digitsC)measuresD)scales70.A)invariablyB)literallyC)barelyD)solely71.A)repelledB)deletedC)combatedD)abolished72.A)adventureB)responseC)initiativeD)impulse73.A)andB)butC)soD)or74.A)heritageB)revisionC)notionD)version75.A)becauseB)unlessC)ifD)while76.A)aggressiveB)automaticC)vulnerableD)voluntary77.A)overtookB)fascinatedC)submittedD)dismissed78.A)towardsB)roundC)aboutD)over79.A)dwellersB)citizensC)professionalsD)amateurs80.A)prospectB)suspicionC)outcomeD)destination81.A)partiallyB)clearlyC)brightlyD)vividly PartVITranslation82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose________________(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,___________(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedto____________________(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveronce___________________(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.________________________(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople