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四级听力技巧经典法则asedonthecomprehensiveanalysisontheplasticpart’structureservicerequirement,moundingintroduced大学英语四级听力技巧(1) 按照新的教学大纲的要求,六级学生在学完1-6级基础阶段的英语课程后,对所给的英语口头材料应达到一定的理解程度。对题材熟悉,内容浅于课文,基本上无生词、语速每分钟为150个单词的材料,一遍可以听懂,准确率不低于70%。通过对历年试卷的听力部分所作的题项分析,充分表明考生听力的高低完全取决于他们是否具备了以下4个方面的基础: 一.坚实的语言基础 二.一定的文化背景知识 三.基本的听力技能 四.正确有效的听音习惯听力材料的选材原则一般基于以下三点:一.对话部分为校园生活中的一般对话,句子结构和内容不太复杂. 二.短文部分的材料是题材熟情节不太复杂的故事、讲话或叙述等. 三.所用词汇不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的范围.听力内容:1.短对话(Shortconversation)2.长对话(Longconversation)
13.短文(Passages)4.复合式听写(Compounddictation)注意事项:1.保持良好的心态,头脑要冷静,一个题听不懂不要过多纠缠。善于利用时间: (1)播放考场指令时,题目说明和例句时. (2)题与题之间的13秒间隔利用好. 阅读选项,猜测谈话话题和可能问的问题:听前从所给的文字材料和答案选项等线索中发现一些背景信息,力求缩小谈话者的话题,它能帮助考生搞清所听内容的类型和结构甚至主题。考生听的时候可避免过分注重每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。考生应抢时间阅读试卷上的选项,争取主动,以便在听音时有针对性。根据选项猜测问的是时间、地点、人物、金钱、还是计划、打算、状态等等。2.阅读选项要一目十行,提高效率:听力不像阅读,它是单向性的、一次性的。时间有限,提高阅读选项的速度。3.手耳并用,简单做笔记:录音中的细节,如重要的数字、人物、地名等,仅大脑记忆很难完全记住。因此,考试中可以有目地的、有选择的加以记录,以便听完录音后能快速准确的选出答案。4.多做真题。十多年来的每年两度的四级考试,光是真题就积累了几十套了。这些真题的命题还是很有规律可循的。要找四级的感觉,就得多做真题。大学英语四级听力技巧(2)一.简短对话部分:该部分一般是日常生活中的对话,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题,场景可分为校园、公共场所(银行、机场、医院、邮局、交通工具等)、家庭、办公室等方面。每题1分。
2简短对话的形式:一般是男士说一句,女士说一句,然后根据他们的对话内容由第三方提出一个问题。该部分一般是日常生活中的对话,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题,场景可分为校园、公共场所(银行、机场、医院等)、家庭、办公室等方面。每题1分。简短对话的类型:按照简短对话的内容或句型,我们可以把该部分分为以下类型:问对话发生的地点和场所:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelyoccur?Wherearethetwospeakers?不同的场景下人们交谈用语也不同,例如:校园:campus,dorm,library(renewthebooks,overdue,payafine,bookshelf),lab,canteen,roommate,professor,semester,term,pass,fail,exam,course,credit,resume,tutor,graduate,presentation,speech,report,lecture,paper,scholarship等。银行:openanaccount,cashthecheck,buytraveler'scheck,ATM,draw/depositmoney,balance,savings等。餐馆:menu,atablefortwo,atableinthecorner/bythewindow,full,ondiet,treat,order,course,salad,wine,dessert,waiter,reserve,takeorder等。机场:board,flight,gatenumber,checkin,boardingpass,seat-belt等。交通:duetoarrive,fasttrain,non-stoptrain,xxminuteslate,postpone,delay,breakdown,trafficjam,flattire,speeding,payafine等。医院:Doyouhaveanappointment? What'sthematterwithyou? takeone'stemperature,haveafever,haveasorethroat,keepcoughing,toothache,headache,physician,surgeon,doctor,nurse,operation-room,emergencyroom,ward,visitinghours,prescribe,pill,capsule等。邮局:businesshours,parcel,postage,letter,stamp等。家庭:darling,sweetheart之类的比较亲近的称谓语,watchTV,fixthewashingmachine,grocery,mowthelawn,sofa,kitchen,dining-room,haveabath等。旅馆:checkin/out,makeareservation,register,receptiondesk等。找房子:价格高,太吵,难找.这样的问题的答案选项一般是由介词in或at后面加一个地点构成的。如:
3 M:Howmanyhoursareyoutakingthissemester? W:Eighteen,plustwohoursoflab. Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace? A.Inarestaurant. B.Inabank. C.Atanoffice. D.Inauniversity. 该题的关键词是semester和lab.提问人物关系或人物的身份:此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份,关键词可以参考第1点中列出的。(1)问人物的关系:What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?如: M:Goodevening,Madam.Thereisatablefortwooverthere.Thisway,please. W:Thankyou.CouldIseethemenu,please? Q:What'stherelationshipbetweenthemanandwoman? A.Husbandandwife. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Salesmanandcustomer. D.Hostandguest. 该题的关键词是menu和Madam.(2)问人物的职业身份:Whoistheman/thewoman?如: M:Accordingtoyouradinthismorning'spaper,youhaveanapartmentforrent. W:Yes,Ihave.It'sonthesecondfloor.Wouldyouliketohavealook?Comethisway,please. Q:Whoisthewoman? A.Abankclerk. B.Asecretary. C.Alandlady. D.Adoctor. 该题的关键词是anapartmentforrent和ad.大学英语四级听力技巧(3)计算类。一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。(1)问活动发生的时间或具体几点。该类的题一般不会直接告诉我们时间,会涉及到时间的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词,如:aquarter(to/past),half(past),daily,weekly,fortnight等。W:Bob,areyougoingstraighthomeafterschooltoday?
4 M:No.Ihaveaclassuntiloneo'clock,andafterthatI'mgoingtospendacoupleofhoursatthelibrarybeforegoinghome. Q:WhenisBobgoinghomethisafternoon? A.Around5:00. B.Around3:00. C.At2:00. D.At1:00.本题的关键是untiloneo'clock,和tospendacoupleofhoursatthelibrarybeforegoinghome。(2)商品的价格。该类的题也涉及到一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键词,如:10%off,discount,double,halftheprice,couple,pair,dozen,arealbargain,onsale,change等。尤其要注意单件商品的价格,买多件商品是否优惠,找零,以及最后的问题是说话人要付的钱、单件商品的价格、还是买若干商品需要付的钱。如:W:Here'saten-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonight'sshow,please. M:Sure.Twoticketsandhere'sadollarfortycentschange. Q:Howmuchdoesoneticketcost? A.$8.60. B.$4.30 C.$6.40. D.$1.40 本题的关键是ten-dollarbill,twotickets,adollarfortycentschange. 人物的计划或打算。这类问题中第一个说话人往往会提出一种观点或提议或建议,要仔细听第二个说话人是同意还是反对。(1)第二个说话人同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议. 如: W:Youneedarest.You'vefinishedyourexams.Sowhydon'tyougoawaysomewhereforalongweekend? M:That'sagoodidea.PerhapsMonicawillcomewithme. Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo? A.Tohaveagoodrest. B.ToseeMonica. C.Togoabroadfortheweekend.
5D.Totakeanexam. 本题的关键是That'sagoodidea,说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。(2)第二个说话人不同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议,大多数情况下是礼貌委婉地表达自己的不同意见,所以要特别注意: 如: M:Mary,wouldyouliketogotothemovieswithmeafterdinner? W:Well,I'llgoifyoureallywantmeto,butI'mrathertired. Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation? A.Thewomandoesnotwanttogotothemovies. B.Themanistootiredtogotothemovies. C.Thewomanwantstogotothemovies. D.Themanwantstogooutfordinner. 本题的关键是…but…人物的感觉状态。除了根据说话人的语气判断之外,对话中出现的关键词可能有:excited,disappointed,overjoyed,relieved,upset,unhappy,blue,depressed,relaxed,anxious,tense,worried,angry等。W:Weren'tyounervouswhentheprofessorcalledonyouinclass? M:I'dsayIwasshakingallover. Q:Howdidthemanfeelwhenhewascalledon? A.Worriedandfrightened. B.Veryrelaxed C.Quiteunhappy. D.Angrywiththeprofessor. 本题的关键是Iwasshakingallover.大学英语四级听力技巧(4)交通或交通工具。该类的对话一般涉及交通工具晚点或交通出现了某些问题。
6对于交通工具晚点的问题,有时会谈论正点时间和推延的时间,然后再说原因。这类题的关键词是:becaughtinatrafficjam,therushhour,flattire,breakdown,trafficaccident,behindschedule,due等。W:I'msorry,sir.Thetrainissomewhatbehindschedule.Takeaseat,andI'lltellyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite. M:Thankyou.I'lljustsithereandreadamagazineinthemeantime. Q:Whatcanweconcludeaboutthetrainfromtheconversation? A.Thetrainiscrowded.B.Thetrainislate. C.Thetrainisempty. D.Thetrainisontime. 本题的关键是behindschedule.请求或建议。表示请求的句型一般有:Canyou…?Wouldyou…?Wouldyoumind…?表示建议的句型一般有:IfIwereyou,I'd…Shallwe…?Whynot…?Perhapsweshould….Itwouldbebetterif…Howabout…?M:CanIuseyournewcar,Auntie?W:Yes,ofcourse,ifyoudriveitcarefully.Q:What'stheaunt'sanswer? A.Sheagreestolendhimthecar. B.Sheoffershimthecar. C.Sherefusedtolendhimthecar. D.Sheispleasedtolendhimthecar. 本题的关键是Yes,ofcourse,虽然后面又附加了条件ifyoudriveitcarefully.释义、替换或上下义。该类对话的选项中会用单词替换或解释对话人表达的意思,同时考查听力和词汇。W:Haveyoufinishedreadingmyresearchreport?Iputitonyourdesklastweek. M:Yes,butyouhavetorevisesomepartsofit,ifyouwanttogetitpublished. Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthatthewomanshoulddo? A.Putherreportonhisdesk. B.Readsomepapersherecommended. C.Mailherreporttothepublisher.
7 D.Improvesomepartsofherpaper. 本题的关键是理解revise的同义词是improve.M:Nancy,whywereyoulatetoday? W:Ioversleptandmissedthebus. Q:WhywasNancylate? A.Shegotuplaterthanusual.B.Thebuswaslate. C.Sheforgotshehadclass.D.Herclockwasslow. overslept也就是gotuplaterthanusual。有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类,但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如:M:Letmesee.I'veprintedmyfamilyname,firstname,dateofbirthandaddress.Anythingelse?W:No,that'sallright.We'llfillintherestofitifyoujustsignyournameatthebottom.Q:Whathasthemanbeendoing?A.Havinganinterview.B.Fillingoutaform.C.Talkingwithafriend.D.Askingforinformation.上义词为概括性词语,下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B。人物对某件事物的观点或态度,或考生从对话中能获得什么信息或结论。该类的题难度较大,类型也比较繁多复杂。需要考生全面理解对话内容。Whatdoesthemanmean(imply)?Whatdoesthewoman'sanswersuggest?Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeconcludedfromthisconversation?W:Youseemtohavealotofworktodoatyouroffice.You'realwaysstayinglateandworkingovertime.M:That'strue.Butit'snobothertome.Theworkisinteresting.Idon'tmindworkingextrahoursatall.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisjob?A:Heenjoysitverymuch.B:Hedoesn'tcaremuchaboutit.C:Hedoesn'tmindeventhoughit'stedious.D.Hehatesworkingovertime.本题的关键是Theworkisinteresting.询问对方的观点和态度问题中有一大类是含有虚拟语气的。该类型一直是英语四级热门考点。这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如:
8 W:I'mthinkingofgoingtoAustinforavisit.Doyouthinkit'sworthseeing? M:Well,IwishIhadbeenthere. Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation? A.ThemanisplanningatriptoAustin. B.ThemanhasnotbeentoAustinbefore. C.Themandoesn'tlikeAustin. D.ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore. IwishIhadbeenthere.说明说话人没有去过。 含"but"的题型 该题型中第二人的答话由两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句子,短句和长句之间用but连接.but后的长句是答案的关键.大学英语四级听力技巧(5)表示同意与肯定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)1.同意或肯定对方陈述的观点 如:Tonyisveryhard-working. 表示同意的常用语就有: (1)Withnodoubt. (2)Thereisnodenying. (3)*Ican'tagreemore.2.对询问观点的句子的肯定回答 如:Howwastheconcert? 表示肯定的常用语就有: (1)Notbad. (2)Itwasterrific! (3)Itwasamazing! (4)Itwasfantastic! (5)*I'veneverbeentoabetterone.3.同意帮助对方如:Canyouhelpmewiththemathproblem? (1)Noproblem. (2)Youcancountonme. (3)It'sapieceofcake. (4)Sure.4.同意对方的提议
9 如:Shallwegototheseasidefortheweekend? (1)*Whynot? (2)*Ireallycan'twait. (3)That'swhatIhaveinmind.表示怀疑与否定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)1.怀疑与否定对方陈述的观点 如:Tonyisveryhard-working. 表示否定的常用语就有: (1)Areyoukidding? (2)Iknowyoudon'tmeanit. (3)Heisbynomeanshard-working. (4)Heisanythingbuthard-working. (5)*HeisthelastmanthatIthinkhard-working.2.对询问观点的句子或知识性的问题的否定回答 (1)对询问观点的句子 如:Howwastheconcert? 表示否定的常用语就有: ①I'veneverbeentoaworseone. ②Justso-so. ③Itsentmetosleep. ④Icouldn'thelpdozingoff. ⑤Itwasawasteoftimeandmoney. ⑥*Well,Ishouldhavestayedathome.(2)对知识性的问题 如:Whoinventedthecomputer? ①Whoknows? ②Itisbeyondme. ③*Itisatthetipofmytongue…3.拒绝帮助对方
10 如:Canyouhelpmewiththemathproblem? (1)Youaredrivingmemad. (2)Idon'twanttobeinterruptedbeforeIfinishmytermpaper. (3)*I'dliketo,butI'vegotanappointmentwithaprofessorattwoo'clock. (4)*IwishIcould,butIafraidthatI'vegottorushnow. (5)*I'mafraidIjustranoutoftime.4.拒绝对方的提议或要求 (1)拒绝对方的提议如:Shallwegototheseasidefortheweekend? ①I'dliketo,butmypaperisduenextMonday. ②I'llgoifyoureallywantmeto,butIwanttohaveagoodrestathome. (2)拒绝对方的要求如:Trynottomakemistakesinyourexam. ①*Well,easiersaidthandone.否定句型在这类题型中,最重要的线索是抓住否定性的关键词。值得注意的是这类题一般都不是以明显的否定方式出现的,所以需要考生多加注意。包含否定性的关键有:否定副词和形容词:hardly,rarely,little,seldom,few,never等。否定代词和连词:nothing,nobody,neither,nor,none等。否定前缀和否定后缀:im-,un-,dis-,non-,-less等。表否定意义的其他词:fail,miss,avoid,deny,refuse,doubt,farfrom,anythingbut,insteadof,ratherthan等。