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大学英语四级考试模拟考试题及解析(卷二) PartIWriting1.【题干】Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission."Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words. PartIIListeningComprehension SectionA 2.【题干】Question1 【选项】 A.Theyadmirethecourageofspaceexplorers. B.Theyenjoyedthemovieonspaceexploration. C.Theyweregoingtowatchawonderfulmovie. D.Theylikedoingscientificexplorationverymuch. 【答案】B 【解析】M:Doyourememberthewonderfulfilmonspaceexplorationwewatchedtogetherlastmonth? W:Sure.It'sactuallythemostimpressiveoneI'veseenonthattopic. Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers? 3.【题干】Question2 【选项】 A.Atagiftshop. B.Atagraduationceremony. C.Intheofficeofatravelagency. D.Inaschoollibrary. 【答案】A 【解析】W:Areyoulookingforanythinginparticular? M:Yes.MysonisgraduatingfromhighschoolandIwanttogethimsomethingspecial. Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace? 4.【题干】Question3 【选项】 A.Heusedtoworkintheartgallery. B.Hedoesnothaveagoodmemory. C.Hedeclinedajobofferformtheartgallery. D.Heisnotinterestedinanypart-timejobs.
1 【答案】C 【解析】M:Miketoldmeyesterdaythathe'dbeenlookinginvainforajobintheartgallery. W:Really?IfIrememberright,hehadachancetoworktherebutheturneditdown. Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMike? 5.【题干】Question4 【选项】 A.Susanhasbeeninvitedtogivealecturetomorrow. B.Hewillgotothebirthdaypartyafterthelecture. C.Thewomanshouldhaveinformedhimearlier. D.Hewillbeunabletoattendthebirthdayparty. 【答案】D 【解析】W:WouldyouliketocometoSusan'sbirthdaypartytomorrowevening? M:I'mgoingtogivealecturetomorrow.IwishIcouldbeintwoplacesatthesametime. Q:Whatdoesthemanmean? 6.【题干】Question5 【选项】 A.Rewardthosehavingmadegoodprogress. B.Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet. C.Assignmoreworkerstotheproject. D.Encouragethestafftoworkinsmallgroups. 【答案】B 【解析】W:Aren'tyoudiscouragedbytheslowprogressyourstaffismaking? M:Yes.IthinkI'llgivethemadeadlineandholdthemtoit. Q:Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodo? 7.【题干】Question6 【选项】 A.Thewaytothevisitor’sparking. B.TherateforparkinginLotC. C.Howfarawaytheparkinglotis. D.Whereshecanleavehercar. 【答案】A 【解析】W:Excuseme,couldyoutellmewherethevisitor'sparkingis?Ileftmycarthere. M:Sure.It'sinLotC,overthatway. Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow? 8.【题干】Question7 【选项】 A.Heregretsmissingtheclasses.
2 B.Heplanstotakethefitnessclasses. C.Heislookingforwardtoabetterlife. D.Hehasbenefitedformexercise. 【答案】D 【解析】W:Youlookgreatnowthatyou'vetakenthosefitnessclasses. M:Thanks.I'veneverthoughtbetterinmylife. Q:Whatdoesthemanmean? 9.【题干】Question8 【选项】 A.Howtoworkefficiency. B.Howtoselectsecretaries. C.Theresponsibilitiesofsecretaries. D.Thesecretariesintheman’scompany. 【答案】D 【解析】W:Ireallyadmiretheefficiencyofyoursecretaries. M:Ourcompanyselectsonlythebest.Theyhaveaheavyworkloadandwegivethemalotofresponsibilities. Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout? 10.【题干】Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. Question9 【选项】 A.ItismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish. B.ItisusedbymorepeoplethanEnglish. C.ItwillbeascommonlyusedasEnglish. D.Itwilleventuallybecomeaworldlanguage. 【答案】B 【解析】Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutChinese? W:Hi,Leo.WhydoyousayEnglishwillbecometheworldlanguage? M:Well,foronething,it'ssocommonlyused.TheonlylanguagethatisusedbymorepeopleisChinese. W:WhyisEnglishspokenbysomanypeople? M:It'sspokeninmanycountriesoftheworldbecauseoftheBritishEmpire.Andnow,ofcourse,there'sinfluenceofAmericaaswell. W:ManystudentsfindEnglishadifficultlanguagetolearn. M:Oh,alllanguagesaredifficulttolearn.ButEnglishdoeshavetwogreatadvantages. W:Whatarethey? M:Well,firstofall,ithasaveryinternationalvocabulary.IthasmanyGerman,Dutch,French,SpanishandItalianwordsinit.SospeakersofthoselanguageswillfindmanyfamiliarwordsinEnglish.Infact,Englishhaswordsfrommanyotherlanguagesaswell.
3 W:Whyisthat? M:Well,partlybecauseEnglishspeakershavetravelledalot.Theybringbackwordswiththem,soEnglishreallydoeshaveaninternationalvocabulary. W:Andwhat'stheotheradvantageofEnglish? M:It'sthatEnglishgrammarisreallyquiteeasy.Forexample,itdoesn'thavedozensofdifferentendingsforitsnouns,adjectivesandverbs,notlikeLatin,Russian,andGermanforexample. W:Whyisthat? M:Well,it'squiteinterestingactually.It'sbecauseoftheFrench.WhentheFrenchruledEngland,FrenchwastheofficiallanguageandonlythecommonpeoplespokeEnglish.Theytrytomakethelanguageassimpleaspossible,sotheymadethegrammareasier. 11.【题干】Question10 【选项】 A.Ithaswordsfrommanylanguages. B.Itspopularitywiththecommonpeople. C.TheinfluenceoftheBritishEmpire. D.TheeffectoftheIndustrialRevolution. 【答案】C 【解析】Q:WhatmadeEnglishawidelyusedlanguage? W:Hi,Leo.WhydoyousayEnglishwillbecometheworldlanguage? M:Well,foronething,it'ssocommonlyused.TheonlylanguagethatisusedbymorepeopleisChinese. W:WhyisEnglishspokenbysomanypeople? M:It'sspokeninmanycountriesoftheworldbecauseoftheBritishEmpire.Andnow,ofcourse,there'sinfluenceofAmericaaswell. W:ManystudentsfindEnglishadifficultlanguagetolearn. M:Oh,alllanguagesaredifficulttolearn.ButEnglishdoeshavetwogreatadvantages. W:Whatarethey? M:Well,firstofall,ithasaveryinternationalvocabulary.IthasmanyGerman,Dutch,French,SpanishandItalianwordsinit.SospeakersofthoselanguageswillfindmanyfamiliarwordsinEnglish.Infact,Englishhaswordsfrommanyotherlanguagesaswell. W:Whyisthat? M:Well,partlybecauseEnglishspeakershavetravelledalot.Theybringbackwordswiththem,soEnglishreallydoeshaveaninternationalvocabulary. W:Andwhat'stheotheradvantageofEnglish? M:It'sthatEnglishgrammarisreallyquiteeasy.Forexample,itdoesn'thavedozensofdifferentendingsforitsnouns,adjectivesandverbs,notlikeLatin,Russian,andGermanforexample. W:Whyisthat? M:Well,it'squiteinterestingactually.It'sbecauseoftheFrench.WhentheFrenchruledEngland,FrenchwastheofficiallanguageandonlythecommonpeoplespokeEnglish.Theytrytomakethelanguageassimpleaspossible,sotheymadethegrammareasier.
4 12.【题干】Question11 【选项】 A.Itincludesalotofwordsformotherlanguages. B.Ithasagrowingnumberofnewlycoinedwords. C.Itcanbeeasilypickedupbyoverseastravellers. D.Itisthelargestamongalllanguagesintheworld. 【答案】A 【解析】Q:WhatissaidtobespecialaboutEnglishvocabulary? W:Hi,Leo.WhydoyousayEnglishwillbecometheworldlanguage? M:Well,foronething,it'ssocommonlyused.TheonlylanguagethatisusedbymorepeopleisChinese. W:WhyisEnglishspokenbysomanypeople? M:It'sspokeninmanycountriesoftheworldbecauseoftheBritishEmpire.Andnow,ofcourse,there'sinfluenceofAmericaaswell. W:ManystudentsfindEnglishadifficultlanguagetolearn. M:Oh,alllanguagesaredifficulttolearn.ButEnglishdoeshavetwogreatadvantages. W:Whatarethey? M:Well,firstofall,ithasaveryinternationalvocabulary.IthasmanyGerman,Dutch,French,SpanishandItalianwordsinit.SospeakersofthoselanguageswillfindmanyfamiliarwordsinEnglish.Infact,Englishhaswordsfrommanyotherlanguagesaswell. W:Whyisthat? M:Well,partlybecauseEnglishspeakershavetravelledalot.Theybringbackwordswiththem,soEnglishreallydoeshaveaninternationalvocabulary. W:Andwhat'stheotheradvantageofEnglish? M:It'sthatEnglishgrammarisreallyquiteeasy.Forexample,itdoesn'thavedozensofdifferentendingsforitsnouns,adjectivesandverbs,notlikeLatin,Russian,andGermanforexample. W:Whyisthat? M:Well,it'squiteinterestingactually.It'sbecauseoftheFrench.WhentheFrenchruledEngland,FrenchwastheofficiallanguageandonlythecommonpeoplespokeEnglish.Theytrytomakethelanguageassimpleaspossible,sotheymadethegrammareasier. 13.【题干】Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. Question12 【选项】 A.Toreturnsomegoods. B.Toapplyforajob. C.Toplaceanorder. D.Tomakeacomplaint. 【答案】C 【解析】Q:Whatisthewoman'spurposeinmakingthephonecall?
5 M:Hello.Yes? W:Hello.Isthatthesalesdepartment? M:Yes,itis. W:Oh,well,myname'sJaneKingsburyofGPFLimited.Hmm,weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice. M:Uh,what'ssort? W:Well,firstofall,weneedonecompletenewdrawingboard. M:ADO44orDO45? W:Uh,Idon'tknow.What'sthedifference? M:Well,the45costs15poundsmore. W:Hmm,sowhat'sthetotalpricethen? M:It's387pounds. W:Doesthatincludevalueaddedtax? M:Oh,I'mnotsure,mostofthepricesdo.Yes,Ithinkitdoes. W:Hmm,whataretheboardsactuallymadeof? M:Oh,Idon'tknow.Ithinkit'sasortofplasticstuffthesedays.It'swhiteanyway. W:Hmm,andhowlongdoesittaketodeliver? M:Oh,Icouldn'treallysay.Itdependsonhowmuchworkwe'vegotandhowmanyotherorderstherearetosendout,youknow. W:Ok.Nowwealsowantsomedrawingpens,inkandrulersandsomedrawingpaper. M:Oh,dear,thegirlthattakesordersforsuppliesisn'therethismorning,soIcan'ttakethoseordersforyou.Ionlydotheequipment,yousee. W:OK.Well,perhapsI'llringbacktomorrow. M:Sodoyouwantthedrawingboardthen? W:I'llhavetothinkaboutit.Thanksverymuch.I'llletyouknow.Goodbye. M:Thankyou.Goodbye. 14.【题干】Question13 【选项】 A.Hehasbecomesomewhatimpatientwiththewoman. B.Heisnotfamiliarwiththeexactdetailsofgoods. C.Hehasnotworkedinthesalesdepartmentforlong. D.Heworksonapart-timebasisforthecompany. 【答案】B 【解析】Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation? M:Hello.Yes? W:Hello.Isthatthesalesdepartment? M:Yes,itis. W:Oh,well,myname'sJaneKingsburyofGPFLimited.Hmm,weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice. M:Uh,what'ssort? W:Well,firstofall,weneedonecompletenewdrawingboard. M:ADO44orDO45?
6 W:Uh,Idon'tknow.What'sthedifference? M:Well,the45costs15poundsmore. W:Hmm,sowhat'sthetotalpricethen? M:It's387pounds. W:Doesthatincludevalueaddedtax? M:Oh,I'mnotsure,mostofthepricesdo.Yes,Ithinkitdoes. W:Hmm,whataretheboardsactuallymadeof? M:Oh,Idon'tknow.Ithinkit'sasortofplasticstuffthesedays.It'swhiteanyway. W:Hmm,andhowlongdoesittaketodeliver? M:Oh,Icouldn'treallysay.Itdependsonhowmuchworkwe'vegotandhowmanyotherorderstherearetosendout,youknow. W:Ok.Nowwealsowantsomedrawingpens,inkandrulersandsomedrawingpaper. M:Oh,dear,thegirlthattakesordersforsuppliesisn'therethismorning,soIcan'ttakethoseordersforyou.Ionlydotheequipment,yousee. W:OK.Well,perhapsI'llringbacktomorrow. M:Sodoyouwantthedrawingboardthen? W:I'llhavetothinkaboutit.Thanksverymuch.I'llletyouknow.Goodbye. M:Thankyou.Goodbye. 15.【题干】Question14 【选项】 A.Itisnothisresponsibility. B.Itwillbefreeforlargeorders. C.Itcosts15moreforexpressdelivery. D.Itdependsonanumberoffactors. 【答案】D 【解析】Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutdelivery? M:Hello.Yes? W:Hello.Isthatthesalesdepartment? M:Yes,itis. W:Oh,well,myname'sJaneKingsburyofGPFLimited.Hmm,weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice. M:Uh,what'ssort? W:Well,firstofall,weneedonecompletenewdrawingboard. M:ADO44orDO45? W:Uh,Idon'tknow.What'sthedifference? M:Well,the45costs15poundsmore. W:Hmm,sowhat'sthetotalpricethen? M:It's387pounds. W:Doesthatincludevalueaddedtax? M:Oh,I'mnotsure,mostofthepricesdo.Yes,Ithinkitdoes. W:Hmm,whataretheboardsactuallymadeof? M:Oh,Idon'tknow.Ithinkit'sasortofplasticstuffthesedays.It'swhiteanyway.
7 W:Hmm,andhowlongdoesittaketodeliver? M:Oh,Icouldn'treallysay.Itdependsonhowmuchworkwe'vegotandhowmanyotherorderstherearetosendout,youknow. W:Ok.Nowwealsowantsomedrawingpens,inkandrulersandsomedrawingpaper. M:Oh,dear,thegirlthattakesordersforsuppliesisn'therethismorning,soIcan'ttakethoseordersforyou.Ionlydotheequipment,yousee. W:OK.Well,perhapsI'llringbacktomorrow. M:Sodoyouwantthedrawingboardthen? W:I'llhavetothinkaboutit.Thanksverymuch.I'llletyouknow.Goodbye. M:Thankyou.Goodbye. 16.【题干】Question15 【选项】 A.Reporttheinformationtohersuperior. B.Payavisittothesaleswomanincharge. C.Ringbackwhenshecomestoadecision. D.Makeinquirieswithsomeothercompanies. 【答案】C 【解析】Q:Whatdoesthewomansayshewillpossiblydotomorrow? M:Hello.Yes? W:Hello.Isthatthesalesdepartment? M:Yes,itis. W:Oh,well,myname'sJaneKingsburyofGPFLimited.Hmm,weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice. M:Uh,what'ssort? W:Well,firstofall,weneedonecompletenewdrawingboard. M:ADO44orDO45? W:Uh,Idon'tknow.What'sthedifference? M:Well,the45costs15poundsmore. W:Hmm,sowhat'sthetotalpricethen? M:It's387pounds. W:Doesthatincludevalueaddedtax? M:Oh,I'mnotsure,mostofthepricesdo.Yes,Ithinkitdoes. W:Hmm,whataretheboardsactuallymadeof? M:Oh,Idon'tknow.Ithinkit'sasortofplasticstuffthesedays.It'swhiteanyway. W:Hmm,andhowlongdoesittaketodeliver? M:Oh,Icouldn'treallysay.Itdependsonhowmuchworkwe'vegotandhowmanyotherorderstherearetosendout,youknow. W:Ok.Nowwealsowantsomedrawingpens,inkandrulersandsomedrawingpaper. M:Oh,dear,thegirlthattakesordersforsuppliesisn'therethismorning,soIcan'ttakethoseordersforyou.Ionlydotheequipment,yousee. W:OK.Well,perhapsI'llringbacktomorrow. M:Sodoyouwantthedrawingboardthen?
8 W:I'llhavetothinkaboutit.Thanksverymuch.I'llletyouknow.Goodbye.M:Thankyou.Goodbye. SectionB 17.【题干】PassageOne Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. Question16 【选项】 A.Nooneknowsexactlywheretheywere. B.Nooneknowsforsurewhentheycameintobeing. C.Nooneknowsforwhatpurposetheywere. D.Nooneknowswhattheywill. 【答案】B 【解析】Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutkites? Nooneknowsforsurejusthowoldkitesare.Infact,theyhavebeeninuseforcenturies.25centuriesago,kiteswerewell-knowninChina.Thesefirstkiteswereprobablymadeofwood.Theymayevenhavebeencoveredwithsilk,becausesilkwasusedalotatthattime. Earlykiteswerebuiltforcertainuses.InancientChina,theywereusedtocarryropesacrossrivers.Onceacross,theropesweretieddownandwoodenbridgeswerehungfromthem.Legendtalesofonegeneralwhoflewmusicalkitesovertheenemy’scamp.Theenemyfled,believingthesoundstobethewarningvoicesofangels.Bythe15thcenturies,manypeopleflewkitesinEurope.MarcoPolomayhavebroughtthekitebackfromhisvisittoChina.Thekitehasbeenlinkedtogreatnamesandevents.Forinstance,BenjaminFranklinusedthekitetoprovethatlighteningiselectricity.Heflewthekiteinastorm.Hedidthisinordertodrawlighteningfromtheclouds.Hetiedametalkeyandastripofsilktothekiteline.Thesilkribbonwouldstopthelighteningfrompassingthroughhisbody.Benjamin’sideawasfirstlaughedat,butlateronitledtotheinventionofthelighteningrod. Withsuchgrandhistory,kiteflyingissuretoremainanentertainingandpopularsport. 18.【题干】Question17 【选项】 A.Carryropesacrossrivers. B.Measurethespeedofwind. C.Passonsecretmessages. D.Givewarningsofdanger. 【答案】A 【解析】Q:WhatdidancientChineseusekitestodo? Nooneknowsforsurejusthowoldkitesare.Infact,theyhavebeeninuseforcenturies.25centuriesago,kiteswerewell-knowninChina.Thesefirstkiteswereprobablymadeofwood.Theymayevenhavebeencoveredwithsilk,becausesilkwasusedalotatthattime. Earlykiteswerebuiltforcertainuses.InancientChina,theywereusedtocarryropesacross
9rivers.Onceacross,theropesweretieddownandwoodenbridgeswerehungfromthem.Legendtalesofonegeneralwhoflewmusicalkitesovertheenemy’scamp.Theenemyfled,believingthesoundstobethewarningvoicesofangels.Bythe15thcenturies,manypeopleflewkitesinEurope.MarcoPolomayhavebroughtthekitebackfromhisvisittoChina.Thekitehasbeenlinkedtogreatnamesandevents.Forinstance,BenjaminFranklinusedthekitetoprovethatlighteningiselectricity.Heflewthekiteinastorm.Hedidthisinordertodrawlighteningfromtheclouds.Hetiedametalkeyandastripofsilktothekiteline.Thesilkribbonwouldstopthelighteningfrompassingthroughhisbody.Benjamin’sideawasfirstlaughedat,butlateronitledtotheinventionofthelighteningrod. Withsuchgrandhistory,kiteflyingissuretoremainanentertainingandpopularsport. 19.【题干】Question18 【选项】 A.Toprotecthousesagainstlightning. B.Totesttheeffectsofthelightningrod. C.Tofindoutthestrengthofsilkforkites. D.Toprovethatlightningiselectricity. 【答案】D 【解析】Q:WhydidBenjaminFranklinflyakiteinastorm? Nooneknowsforsurejusthowoldkitesare.Infact,theyhavebeeninuseforcenturies.25centuriesago,kiteswerewell-knowninChina.Thesefirstkiteswereprobablymadeofwood.Theymayevenhavebeencoveredwithsilk,becausesilkwasusedalotatthattime. Earlykiteswerebuiltforcertainuses.InancientChina,theywereusedtocarryropesacrossrivers.Onceacross,theropesweretieddownandwoodenbridgeswerehungfromthem.Legendtalesofonegeneralwhoflewmusicalkitesovertheenemy’scamp.Theenemyfled,believingthesoundstobethewarningvoicesofangels.Bythe15thcenturies,manypeopleflewkitesinEurope.MarcoPolomayhavebroughtthekitebackfromhisvisittoChina.Thekitehasbeenlinkedtogreatnamesandevents.Forinstance,BenjaminFranklinusedthekitetoprovethatlighteningiselectricity.Heflewthekiteinastorm.Hedidthisinordertodrawlighteningfromtheclouds.Hetiedametalkeyandastripofsilktothekiteline.Thesilkribbonwouldstopthelighteningfrompassingthroughhisbody.Benjamin’sideawasfirstlaughedat,butlateronitledtotheinventionofthelighteningrod. Withsuchgrandhistory,kiteflyingissuretoremainanentertainingandpopularsport. 20.【题干】PassageTwo Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. Question19 【选项】 A.Sheenjoysteachinglanguages. B.Shecanspeakseverallanguages. C.Shewastrainedtobeaninterpreter. D.Shewasbornwithatalentforlanguages.
10 【答案】B 【解析】Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherself? Ihavelearnedmanylanguages,butIhavenotmasteredthemthewayaprofessionalinterpreterortranslatorhas.Still,theyhaveopeneddoorsforme.Theyhaveallowedmetheopportunitytoseekjobsininternationalcontextsandhelpmegetthosejobs.Likemanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile,Isimplygotcrazyaboutit.Ican’timaginelivingmyprofessionalorsociallifewithoutinternationalinteractions.Since1977,IhavespentmuchmoretimeabroadthanintheUnitedStates.Ilikegoingtonewplaces,eatingnewfoodsandexperiencingnewcultures.Ifyoucanspeakthelanguage,it’seasiertogettoknowthecountryanditspeople.IfIhadthetimeandmoney,Iwouldliveforayearinasmanycountriesaspossible. Beyondmycareer,myfacilitywithlanguageshasgivenmeafewrareopportunities.OncejustafterIreturnedfrommyyearinVienna,IwasaskedtotranslateforaGermanjudgeatanOlympiclevelhorseevent.Ilearnedalotaboutthesport.InJapan,oncewhenIwasinthestudioaudienceofaTVcookingshow,IwasaskedtogouponthestageandtastethebeefdishthatwasbeingpreparedandtellwhatIthought.Theyasked,"WasitasgoodasAmericanbeef?"ItwasveryexcitingformetobeonJapaneseTVspeakinginJapaneseabouthowdeliciousthebeefwas. 21.【题干】Question20 【选项】 A.Theyacquireanimmunitytocultureshock. B.Theywouldliketoliveabroadpermanently. C.Theywanttolearnasmanyforeignlanguagesaspossible. D.Theyhaveanintenseinterestincross-culturalinteractions. 【答案】D 【解析】Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile? Ihavelearnedmanylanguages,butIhavenotmasteredthemthewayaprofessionalinterpreterortranslatorhas.Still,theyhaveopeneddoorsforme.Theyhaveallowedmetheopportunitytoseekjobsininternationalcontextsandhelpmegetthosejobs.Likemanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile,Isimplygotcrazyaboutit.Ican’timaginelivingmyprofessionalorsociallifewithoutinternationalinteractions.Since1977,IhavespentmuchmoretimeabroadthanintheUnitedStates.Ilikegoingtonewplaces,eatingnewfoodsandexperiencingnewcultures.Ifyoucanspeakthelanguage,it’seasiertogettoknowthecountryanditspeople.IfIhadthetimeandmoney,Iwouldliveforayearinasmanycountriesaspossible. Beyondmycareer,myfacilitywithlanguageshasgivenmeafewrareopportunities.OncejustafterIreturnedfrommyyearinVienna,IwasaskedtotranslateforaGermanjudgeatanOlympiclevelhorseevent.Ilearnedalotaboutthesport.InJapan,oncewhenIwasinthestudioaudienceofaTVcookingshow,IwasaskedtogouponthestageandtastethebeefdishthatwasbeingpreparedandtellwhatIthought.Theyasked,"WasitasgoodasAmericanbeef?"It
11wasveryexcitingformetobeonJapaneseTVspeakinginJapaneseabouthowdeliciousthebeefwas. 22.【题干】Question21 【选项】 A.Shebecameanexpertinhorseracing. B.ShegotachancetovisitseveralEuropeancountries. C.ShewasabletotranslateforaGermansportsjudge. D.Shelearnedtoappreciateclassicalmusic. 【答案】C 【解析】Q:Howdoesthespeaker’sexperienceoflivinginViennabenefither? Ihavelearnedmanylanguages,butIhavenotmasteredthemthewayaprofessionalinterpreterortranslatorhas.Still,theyhaveopeneddoorsforme.Theyhaveallowedmetheopportunitytoseekjobsininternationalcontextsandhelpmegetthosejobs.Likemanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile,Isimplygotcrazyaboutit.Ican’timaginelivingmyprofessionalorsociallifewithoutinternationalinteractions.Since1977,IhavespentmuchmoretimeabroadthanintheUnitedStates.Ilikegoingtonewplaces,eatingnewfoodsandexperiencingnewcultures.Ifyoucanspeakthelanguage,it’seasiertogettoknowthecountryanditspeople.IfIhadthetimeandmoney,Iwouldliveforayearinasmanycountriesaspossible. Beyondmycareer,myfacilitywithlanguageshasgivenmeafewrareopportunities.OncejustafterIreturnedfrommyyearinVienna,IwasaskedtotranslateforaGermanjudgeatanOlympiclevelhorseevent.Ilearnedalotaboutthesport.InJapan,oncewhenIwasinthestudioaudienceofaTVcookingshow,IwasaskedtogouponthestageandtastethebeefdishthatwasbeingpreparedandtellwhatIthought.Theyasked,"WasitasgoodasAmericanbeef?"ItwasveryexcitingformetobeonJapaneseTVspeakinginJapaneseabouthowdeliciousthebeefwas. 23.【题干】Question22 【选项】 A.Tastethebeefandgivehercomment. B.Takepartinacookingcompetition. C.Teachvocabularyforfoodin. D.Givecookinglessonson. 【答案】A 【解析】Q:WhatwasthespeakeraskedtodoinaJapanesestudio? Ihavelearnedmanylanguages,butIhavenotmasteredthemthewayaprofessionalinterpreterortranslatorhas.Still,theyhaveopeneddoorsforme.Theyhaveallowedmetheopportunitytoseekjobsininternationalcontextsandhelpmegetthosejobs.Likemanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile,Isimplygotcrazyaboutit.Ican’timaginelivingmyprofessionalorsociallifewithoutinternationalinteractions.Since1977,IhavespentmuchmoretimeabroadthanintheUnitedStates.Ilikegoingtonewplaces,eatingnewfoodsand
12experiencingnewcultures.Ifyoucanspeakthelanguage,it’seasiertogettoknowthecountryanditspeople.IfIhadthetimeandmoney,Iwouldliveforayearinasmanycountriesaspossible. Beyondmycareer,myfacilitywithlanguageshasgivenmeafewrareopportunities.OncejustafterIreturnedfrommyyearinVienna,IwasaskedtotranslateforaGermanjudgeatanOlympiclevelhorseevent.Ilearnedalotaboutthesport.InJapan,oncewhenIwasinthestudioaudienceofaTVcookingshow,IwasaskedtogouponthestageandtastethebeefdishthatwasbeingpreparedandtellwhatIthought.Theyasked,"WasitasgoodasAmericanbeef?"ItwasveryexcitingformetobeonJapaneseTVspeakinginJapaneseabouthowdeliciousthebeefwas. 24.【题干】PassageThree Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. Question23 【选项】 A.Hehadonlyathird-gradeeducation. B.Heoncethreatenedtokillhisteacher. C.Hegrewupinapoorsingle-parenthousehold. D.Heoftenhelpedhis. 【答案】B 【解析】Q:WhatdowelearnaboutBenCarson? DoctorBenCarsongrewupinapoorsingleparenthouseholdinDetroit.Hismother,whohadonlyathird-gradeeducation,workedtwojobscleaningbathrooms.Tohisclassmatesandeventohisteachers,hewasthoughtofasthedumbestkidintheclass,accordingtohisownnotsofondmemories.Hehadaterribletemper,andoncethreatenedtokillanotherchild.DoctorCarsonwasheadeddownapathofself-destructionuntilacriticalmomentinhisyouth.Hismother,convincedthatshehadtodosomethingdramatictopreventhimfromleadingalifeoffailure,laiddownsomerules.Hecouldnotwatchtelevisionexceptfortwoprogramsaweek,couldnotplaywithhisfriendsafterschooluntilhefinishedhishomework,andhadtoreadtwobooksaweekandwritebookreportsaboutthem.Hismother’sstrategyworked."Ofcourse,Ididn’tknowshecouldn’tread,sothereIwassubmittingthesereports."Hesaid."Shewouldputcheckmarksonthemlikeshehadbeenreadingthem.AsIbegantoreadaboutscientists,economistsandphilosophers,Istartedimagingmyselfintheirshoes.Ashegotinthehabitofhardwork,hisgradesbegantosoar.Ultimately,hereceivedascholarshiptoattendYaleUniversity.Andlater,hewasadmittedtotheUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool.HeisnowaleadingsurgeonatJohn’sHopkinsMedicalSchool,andhe’salsotheauthorofthreebooks. 25.【题干】Question24 【选项】 A.Careless. B.Stupid. C.Brave.
13 D.Active. 【答案】B 【解析】Q:WhatdidBenCarsonclassmatesandteachersthinkabouthimwhenhewasfirstinschool? DoctorBenCarsongrewupinapoorsingleparenthouseholdinDetroit.Hismother,whohadonlyathird-gradeeducation,workedtwojobscleaningbathrooms.Tohisclassmatesandeventohisteachers,hewasthoughtofasthedumbestkidintheclass,accordingtohisownnotsofondmemories.Hehadaterribletemper,andoncethreatenedtokillanotherchild.DoctorCarsonwasheadeddownapathofself-destructionuntilacriticalmomentinhisyouth.Hismother,convincedthatshehadtodosomethingdramatictopreventhimfromleadingalifeoffailure,laiddownsomerules.Hecouldnotwatchtelevisionexceptfortwoprogramsaweek,couldnotplaywithhisfriendsafterschooluntilhefinishedhishomework,andhadtoreadtwobooksaweekandwritebookreportsaboutthem.Hismother’sstrategyworked."Ofcourse,Ididn’tknowshecouldn’tread,sothereIwassubmittingthesereports."Hesaid."Shewouldputcheckmarksonthemlikeshehadbeenreadingthem.AsIbegantoreadaboutscientists,economistsandphilosophers,Istartedimagingmyselfintheirshoes.Ashegotinthehabitofhardwork,hisgradesbegantosoar.Ultimately,hereceivedascholarshiptoattendYaleUniversity.Andlater,hewasadmittedtotheUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool.HeisnowaleadingsurgeonatJohn’sHopkinsMedicalSchool,andhe’salsotheauthorofthreebooks. 26.【题干】Question25 【选项】 A.Writetwobookreportsaweek. B.Keepadiary. C.Helpwithhousework. D.Watcheducation. 【答案】A 【解析】Q:WhatdoesBenCarsonmothertellhimtodowhenhewasaschoolboy? DoctorBenCarsongrewupinapoorsingleparenthouseholdinDetroit.Hismother,whohadonlyathird-gradeeducation,workedtwojobscleaningbathrooms.Tohisclassmatesandeventohisteachers,hewasthoughtofasthedumbestkidintheclass,accordingtohisownnotsofondmemories.Hehadaterribletemper,andoncethreatenedtokillanotherchild.DoctorCarsonwasheadeddownapathofself-destructionuntilacriticalmomentinhisyouth.Hismother,convincedthatshehadtodosomethingdramatictopreventhimfromleadingalifeoffailure,laiddownsomerules.Hecouldnotwatchtelevisionexceptfortwoprogramsaweek,couldnotplaywithhisfriendsafterschooluntilhefinishedhishomework,andhadtoreadtwobooksaweekandwritebookreportsaboutthem.Hismother’sstrategyworked."Ofcourse,Ididn’tknowshecouldn’tread,sothereIwassubmittingthesereports."Hesaid."Shewouldputcheckmarksonthemlikeshehadbeenreadingthem.AsIbegantoreadaboutscientists,economistsandphilosophers,Istartedimagingmyselfintheirshoes.Ashegotinthehabitofhardwork,hisgradesbegantosoar.Ultimately,hereceivedascholarshiptoattendYaleUniversity.Andlater,hewasadmittedtotheUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool.Heisnowa
14leadingsurgeonatJohn’sHopkinsMedicalSchool,andhe’salsotheauthorofthreebooks. SectionC Whenyoulookupatthenightsky,whatdoyousee?Thereareother(27)_____bodiesouttherebesidesthemoonandstars.Oneofthemost(28)_____oftheseisacomet. CometswereformedaroundthesametimetheEarthwasformed.Theyare(29)_____iceandotherfrozenliquidsandgases.(30)_____these"dirtysnowballs"begintoorbitthesun,justastheplanetsdo. Asacometgetsclosertothesun,somegasesinitbegintounfreeze.They(31)_____dustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud.Asthecometgetsevennearertothesun,asolarwindblowsthecloudbehindthecomet,thusformingitstail.Thetailandthe(32)_____fuzzyatmospherearoundacometare(33)_____thatcanhelpidentifythis(34)_____inthenightsky. Inanygivenyear,aboutadozenknowncometscomeclosetothesunintheirorbits.Theaveragepersoncan’tseethemall,ofcourse.Usuallythereisonlyoneortwoayearbrightenoughtobeseenwiththe(35)_____eye.CometHale-Bopp,discoveredin1995,wasanunusuallybrightcomet.Itsorbitbroughtit(36)_____closetotheEarth,within122millionmilesofit.ButHale-Boppcamealongwayonitsearthlyvisit.Itwon’tbebackforanotherfourthousandyearsorso. 27.【题干】_____ 【答案】heavenly 28.【题干】_____ 【答案】fascinating 29.【题干】_____ 【答案】madeupof 30.【题干】_____ 【答案】Nowandthen 31.【题干】_____ 【答案】combinewith 32.【题干】_____ 【答案】generally 33.【题干】_____ 【答案】characteristics 34.【题干】_____ 【答案】phenomenon 35.【题干】_____
15 【答案】naked 36.【题干】_____ 【答案】relatively PartⅢReadingComprehension SectionA Scholarsoftheinformationsocietyaredividedoverwhethersocialinequalitydecreasesorincreasesinaninformation-basedsociety.However,theygenerallyagreewiththeideathatinequalityintheinformationsocietyis_____(37)differentfromthatofanindustrialsociety.Asinformatizationprogressinsociety,thecauseandstructuralnatureofsocialinequalitychangesaswell. Itseemsthattheinformationsociety_____(38)thequantityofinformationavailabletothemembersofasocietybyrevolutionizingthewaysofusingandexchanginginformation.Butsuchaviewasa_____(39)analysisbasedonthequantityofinformationsuppliedbyvariousformsofthemassmedia.Adifferent_____(40)ispossiblewhentheactualamountofinformation_____(41)bytheuseristakenintoaccount.Infact,themoreinformation_____(42)throughouttheentiresociety,thewiderthegapbecomesbetween"informationhaves"and"informationhave-nots,"leadingtodigitaldivide. Accordingtorecentstudies,digitaldividehasbeencausedbythreemajor_____(43):class,sex,andgeneration.Intermsofclass,digitaldivideexistsamongdifferenttypesofworkersandbetweentheupperandmiddleclassesandthelowerclass.With_____(44)tosex,digitaldivideexistsbetweenmenandwomen.Thegreatestgap,however,isbetweentheNet-generation,_____(45)withpersonalcomputersandtheInternet,andtheoldergeneration,_____(46)toanindustrialsociety. 37.【题干】_____ 【选项】 A.accustomed习惯的通常的 B.acquired取得 C.assembly集合 D.attribute把…归于 E.champions冠军 F.elements原理，元素 G.expands扩大 H.familiar熟悉的 I.flows流动 J.fundamentally从根本上地 K.interpretation解释 L.passive被动的 M.regard把..看作，与…有关 N.respectively分别地 O.superficial表面的，肤浅的
16 【答案】J 38.【题干】_____ 【选项】 A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】G 39.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】O 40.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed
17 B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】K 41.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】B 42.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands
18 H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】I 43.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】F 44.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard
19 N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】M 45.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial 【答案】A 46.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accustomed B.acquired C.assembly D.attribute E.champions F.elements G.expands H.familiar I.flows J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive M.regard N.respectively O.superficial【答案】D SectionB Joy：ASubjectSchoolsLack
20 Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivinguppleasure A)WhenJonathanSwiftproposed,in1729,thatthepeopleofIrelandeattheirchildren,heinsisteditwouldsolvethreeproblemsatonce:feedthehungrymasses,reducethepopulationduringaseveredepression,andstimulatetherestaurantbusiness.Evanasasatire(讽刺),itseemsdisgustingandshockinginAmericawithitschild-centeredculture.Butactually,thecountryisclosertohisproposalthanyoumightthink. B)Ifyouspendmuchtimewitheducatorsandpolicymakers,you'llhearalotofthefollowingwords:"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability,"andsoon.Ihavevisitedsomeofthenewersupposedly"effective"schools,wherechildrenshoutslogansinordertolearnself-controlormuststandbehindtheirdeskwhentheycan'tsitstill. C)Alookatwhatgoesoninmostclassroomsthesedaysmakesitabundantlyclearthatwhenpeoplethinkabouteducation,theyarenotthinkingaboutwhatitfeelsliketobeachild,orwhatmakeschildhoodanimportantandvaluablestageoflifeinitsownright. D)I'mamotherofthree,ateacher,andadevelopmentalpsychologist.SoI'vewatchedalotofchildren-talking,playing,arguing,eating,studying,andbeingyoung.Here'swhatI'vecometounderstand.Thethingthatsetschildrenapartfromadultsisnottheirignorance,northeirlackofskills.It'stheirenormouscapacityforjoy.Thinkofa3-year-oldlostinthepleasuresoffindingoutwhathecanandcannotsinkinthebathtub,a5-year-oldbesideherselfwiththethrillofputtingtogetherstringsofnonsensicalwordswithherbestfriends,oran11-year-oldcompletelyabsorbedinafascinatingcomicstrip.Achild'sabilitytobecomedeeplyabsorbedinsomething,andderiveintensepleasurefromthatabsorption,issomethingadultsspendtherestoftheirlivestryingtoreturnto. E)Afriendtoldmethefollowingstory.Oneday,whenhewenttogethis7-year-oldsonfromsoccerpractice,hiskidgreetedhimwithadowncastfaceandasadvoice.Thecoachhadcriticizedhimforfocusingonhissoccerdrills.Thelittleboywalkedoutoftheschoolwithhisheadandshouldershangingdown.Heseemedwrappedinsadness.Butjustbeforehereachedthecardoor,hesuddenlystopped,crouching(蹲伏)downtopeeratsomethingonthesidewalk.Hisfacewentdownlowerandlower,andthen,withcompletejoyhecalledout,"Dad.Comehere.ThisisthestrangestbugI'veeverseen.Ithas,likeamillionlegs.Lookatthis.It'samazing."Helookedupathisfather,hisfeaturesoverflowingwithenergyanddelight."Can'twestayhereforjustaminute?Iwanttofindoutwhathedoeswithallthoselegs.Thisisthecoolestever." F)Thetraditionalviewofsuchmomentsisthattheyconstituteacharmingbutirrelevantbyproductofyouth-somethingtobepushedasidetomakeroomformoreimportantqualities,likeperseverance(坚持不懈),obligation,andpracticality.Yetmomentslikethisonearejustthekindofintenseabsorptionandpleasureadultsspendtherestoftheirlivesseeking.Humanlivesaregovernedbythedesiretoexperiencejoy.Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivingupjoybutratherleadtofindingjoyinnewkindsofthings:readingnovelsinsteadtoplayingwithsmallfigures,conductingexperimentsinsteadofsinkingcupsinthebathtub,anddebatingseriousissuesratherthanstringingtogethernonsensewords,forexample.Insomecases,schoolsshouldhelpchildrenfindnew,moregrown-upwaysofdoingthesamethingsthatareconstantsourcesofjoy:makingart,makingfriends,makingdecisions. G)Buildingonachild'sabilitytojoy,ratherthanpushingitaside,wouldn'tbethathard.Itwouldjustrequireashiftintheeducationword'smindset(思维模式).Insteadoftryingtogetchildrentoworkhard,whynotfocusongettingthemtotakepleasureinmeaningful,productive
21activity,likemakingthings,workingwithothers,exploringideas,andsolvingproblems?Thesefocusesarenotsodifferentfromthethingsinwhichtheydelight. H)Beforeyoubrushthisargumentasideasrubbish,orthinkofjoyasanunaffordableluxuryinanationwherethereisawfulpoverty,lowacademicachievement,andhighdropoutrates,thinkagain.Themorehorribletheschoolcircumstances,themoreimportantpleasureistoachievinganyeducationalsuccess. I)Manyoftheassignmentsandrulesteacherscomeupwith,oftenbecausetheyarepressuredbytheiradministrators,treatpleasureandjoyastheenemiesofcompetenceandresponsibility.Theassumptionisthatchildrenshouldn'tchatintheclassroombecauseithindershardwork;instead,theyshouldlearntodelaygratification(快乐)sothatcanpursueabstractgoals,likegoingtocollege. J)Notonlyisthisaboringandawfulwaytotreatchildren,itmakesnosenseeducationally,Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatinordertoacquireskillsandrealknowledgeinschool,kidsneedtowanttolearn.Youcanforceachildtostayinhisorherseat,filloutaworksheet,orpracticedivision.Butyoucan'tforcethechildtothinkcarefully,enjoybooks,digestcomplexinformation,ordevelopatasteforlearning.Tomakethathappen,youhavetohelpthechildfindpleasureinlearning-toseeschoolasasourceofjoy. K)Adultstendtotalkaboutlearningasifitweremedicine:unpleasant,butnecessaryandgoodforyou.Whynotinsteadthinkoflearningasifitwerefood-somethingsovaluabletohumansthattheyhaveevolvedtoexperienceitasapleasure? L)Joyshouldnotbetrainedoutofchildrenorleftforafter-schoolprograms.Themoredifficultachild'slifecircumstances,themoreimportantitisforthatchildtofindjoyinhisorherclassroom."Pleasure"isnotadirtyword.Anditdoesn'truncountertothegoalsofpubliceducation.Itis,infact,theprecondition. 47.【题干】Itwillnotbedifficulttomakelearningasourceofjoyifeducatorschangetheirwayofthinking. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】G 【解析】Buildingonachild'sabilitytojoy,ratherthanpushingitaside,wouldn'tbethathard.Itwouldjustrequireashiftintheeducationword'smindset(思维模式).
22 48.【题干】Whatdistinguisheschildrenfromadultsistheirstrongabilitytoderivejoyfromwhattheyaredoing. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】D 【解析】Thethingthatsetschildrenapartfromadultsisnottheirignorance,northeirlackofskills.It'stheirenormouscapacityforjoy 49.【题干】ChildreninAmericaarebeingtreatedwithshockingcruelty. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】A 50.【题干】Itishumannaturetoseekjoyinlife. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G
23 H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】F 【解析】Humanlivesaregovernedbythedesiretoexperiencejoy. 51.【题干】Grown-upsarelikelytothinkthatlearningtochildreniswhatmedicineistopatients. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】K 【解析】Adultstendtotalkaboutlearningasifitweremedicine:unpleasant,butnecessaryandgoodforyou. 52.【题干】Badschoolconditionsmakeitallthemoreimportanttoturnlearningintoajoyfulexperience. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】L 【解析】Themoredifficultachild'slifecircumstances,themoreimportantitisforthat
24childtofindjoyinhisorherclassroom. 53.【题干】Adultsdonotconsiderchildren'sfeelingswhenitcomestoeducation. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】C 【解析】Alookatwhatgoesoninmostclassroomsthesedaysmakesitabundantlyclearthatwhenpeoplethinkabouteducation,theyarenotthinkingaboutwhatitfeelsliketobeachild,orwhatmakeschildhoodanimportantandvaluablestageoflifeinitsownright. 54.【题干】Administratorsseemtobelievethatonlyhardworkwillleadchildrentotheireducationalgoals. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】I 【解析】Manyoftheassignmentsandrulesteacherscomeupwith,oftenbecausetheyarepressuredbytheiradministrators,treatpleasureandjoyastheenemiesofcompetenceandresponsibility. 55.【题干】Intheso-called"effective"schools,childrenaretaughtself-controlunderasetofstrictrules. 【选项】
25 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】B 【解析】Ihavevisitedsomeofthenewersupposedly"effective"schools,wherechildrenshoutslogansinordertolearnself-controlormuststandbehindtheirdeskwhentheycan'tsitstill. 56.【题干】Tomakelearningeffective,educatorshavetoensurethatchildrenwanttolearn. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L 【答案】J【解析】Youcanforceachildtostayinhisorherseat,filloutaworksheet,orpracticedivision.Butyoucan'tforcethechildtothinkcarefully,enjoybooks,digestcomplexinformation,ordevelopatasteforlearning.Tomakethathappen,youhavetohelpthechildfindpleasureinlearning-toseeschoolasasourceofjoy. PassageOne Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Whenit'sfiveo'clock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclocktellsthemthey'redone. Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere:notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncell-phonesand
26computers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedwordscheduleshindermorale(士气)andcreativity. Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:ameetingfrom9a.m.to10a.m.,researchfrom10a.m.tonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershavealistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkdownthelist,eachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning. What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?Happier?InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivities-fromprojectplanning,holidayshopping,toyoga-bytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder"clocktime"vs"tasktime".Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcomeup. Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.Smartcompanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemoretask-basedplanningintotheirstrategies. Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy:workorganizedbyclocktime.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It'llmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier. 57.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimedisplayedeverywhere? 【选项】 A.Itmakeseverybodytime-conscious. B.Itisaconvenienceforworkandlife. C.Itmayhaveanegativeeffectoncreativework. D.Itclearlyindicatesthefastpaceofmodernlife. 【答案】C 【解析】2Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedwordscheduleshindermorale(士气)andcreativity. 58.【题干】Howdopeopleusuallygoabouttheirworkaccordingtotheauthor? 【选项】 A.Theycombineclock-basedandtask-basedplanning. B.Theygiveprioritytothemosturgenttaskonhand. C.Theysetatimelimitforeachspecifictask. D.Theyaccomplishtheirtasksonebyone. 【答案】A 【解析】3Theyworkdownthelist,eachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning. 59.【题干】WhatdidTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellierfindintheirexperimentsabout
27clock-timers? 【选项】 A.Theyseizeopportunitiesastheycomeup. B.Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime. C.Theyhavemorecontrolovertheirlives. D.Theytendtobemoreproductive. 【答案】D 【解析】Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive. 60.【题干】Whatdotheresearcherssayabouttoday'sbusinessculture? 【选项】 A.Itdoesnotsupportthestrategiesadoptedbysmartcompanies. B.Itdoesnotattachenoughimportancetotask-basedpractice. C.Itplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers'lives. D.Itaimstobringemployees'potentialandcreativityintofullplay. 【答案】B 【解析】Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture. 61.【题干】Whatdotheresearcherssuggest? 【选项】 A.Task-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework. B.Itisimportanttokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife. C.Performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappier. D.Ascientificstandardshouldbeadoptedinjobevaluation. 【答案】D 【解析】最后段theresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy:workorganizedbyclocktime.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It'llmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier. PassageTwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. MarthaStewartwascharged,triedandconvictedofacrimein2004.Asshenearedtheendofherprisonsentence,awell-knowncolumnistwrotethatshewas"payingherdues,"andthat"thereissimplynoreasonforanyonetoattempttodenyherrighttostartanew." Surely,theAmericanidealofsecondchancesshouldnotbereservedonlyfortherichandpowerful.Unfortunately,manyfederalandstatelawsimposepost-convictionrestrictionsonashockinglylargenumberofAmericans,whoarepreventedformeverfullypayingtheirdebttosociety. Atleast65millionpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveacriminalrecord.Thiscanresultinseverepenaltiesthatcontinuelongafterpunishmentiscompleted.
28 Manyofthesepenaltiesareimposedregardlessoftheseriousnessoftheoffenseortheperson'sindividualcircumstances.Lawscanrestrictorbanvoting,accesstopublichousing,andprofessionalandbusinesslicensing.Theycanaffectaperson'sabilitytogetajobandqualificationforbenefits. Inall,morethan45,000lawsandrulesservetoexcludevastnumbersofpeoplefromfullyparticipatinginAmericanlife. Somelawsmakesense.Nooneadvocateslettingsomeoneconvictedofpedophilia(恋童癖)workinaschool.Buttoooftencollateral(附随的)consequencesbearnorelationtopublicsafety.Shouldawomanwhopossessedasmallamountofdrugsyearsagobepermanentlyunabletobelicensedasanurse? Theselawsarealsocounterproductive,sincetheymakeitharderforpeoplewithcriminalrecordstofindhousingorlandajob,twokeyfactorsthatreducebacksliding. Arecentreportmakesseveralrecommendations,includingtheabolitionofmostpost-convictionpenalties,exceptforthosespecificallyneededtoprotectpublicsafety.Wherethepenaltiesarenotamust,theyshouldbeimposedonlyifthefactsofacasesupportit.Thepointisnottoexcuseorforgetthecrime.Rather,itistorecognizethatinAmerica'svastcriminaljusticesystem,secondchancesarecrucial.Itisinnoone'sinteresttokeepalargesegmentofthepopulationonthemarginsofsociety. 62.【题干】Whatdoesthewell-knowncolumnist'sremarkaboutMarthaStewartsuggest? 【选项】 A.Herpastrecordmightstandinherwaytoanewlife. B.Herbusinesswentbankruptwhileshewasinprison. C.Herreleasefromprisonhasdrawnlittleattention. D.Herprisonsentencemighthavebeenextended. 【答案】A【解析】第一段awell-knowncolumnistwrotethatshewas"payingherdues,"andthat"thereissimplynoreasonforanyonetoattempttodenyherrighttostartanew." 63.【题干】WhatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraphaboutmanycriminalsinAmerica? 【选项】 A.Theybackslideafterservingtheirtermsinprison. B.Theyaredeprivedofallsocialbenefits. C.Theyreceiveseverepenaltiesforcommittingminoroffenses. D.Theyareconvictedregardlessoftheirindividualcircumstances. 【答案】B 【解析】第二段Unfortunately,manyfederalandstatelawsimposepost-convictionrestrictionsonashockinglylargenumberofAmericans,whoarepreventedformeverfullypayingtheirdebttosociety. 64.【题干】WhataretheconsequencesformanyAmericanswithacriminalrecord? 【选项】 A.Theyremainpoorfortherestoftheirlives. B.Theyaredeprivedofallsocialbenefits.
29 C.Theyaremarginalizedinsociety. D.Theyaredesertedbytheirfamily. 【答案】C 【解析】第四段Manyofthesepenaltiesareimposedregardlessoftheseriousnessoftheoffenseortheperson'sindividualcircumstances.Lawscanrestrictorbanvoting,accesstopublichousing,andprofessionalandbusinesslicensing.Theycanaffectaperson'sabilitytogetajobandqualificationforbenefits. 65.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepost-convictionlawsandrules? 【选项】 A.Theyhelptomaintainsocialstability. B.Someofthemhavelongbeenoutdated. C.Theyarehardlyunderstoodbythepublic. D.Alotofthemhavenegativeeffectsonsociety. 【答案】D 【解析】倒数第二段Theselawsarealsocounterproductive,sincetheymakeitharderforpeoplewithcriminalrecordstofindhousingorlandajob,twokeyfactorsthatreducebacksliding. 66.【题干】Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage? 【选项】 A.Tocreateopportunitiesforcriminalstoreformthemselves. B.ToappealforchangesinAmerica'scriminaljusticesystem. C.Toensurethatpeoplewithacriminalrecordliveadecentlife. D.Tocallpeople'sattentiontoprisoner'sconditionsinAmerica. 【答案】B【解析】呼吁美国司法体系的改革。 PartIVTranslation 67.【题干】云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名，当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂(paradise)。 【答案】TheancienttownofLijianginYunnanprovinceisoneofthefamoustouristdestinations.ItslivingrhythmisslowerthanthatofmostotherChinesecities.Lijiangisfullofnaturalbeautifulsceneries,wherenumerousminoritynationalitiesproviderichandvariedculturesinordertogivetouristsadifferentexperience.Historically,Lijiangwasalsoknownas"thecityoflove".Plentyofstoriesaboutlivingforloveanddyingforlovehavebeenspreadamongthenatives.Nowadays,theoldtownequalstheparadiseofloveandromanceintheeyesofChineseandforeigntourists.
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