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大学英语四级考试模拟考试题 PartIWriting(30minutes) Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow. 1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent? . . . PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes) Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AGrassrootsRemedy Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,
1haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot. Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound. Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%. AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool. Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildren
2gotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity. Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife. Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls. OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces. Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality. Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.
3 DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution. Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging. Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat. Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman. Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.
4 Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed. Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground. Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife. Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief? [A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways. [B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild. [C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature. [D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature. 2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?
5 [A]Personalfreedom. [B]Thingsthatarenatural. [C]Urbansurroundings. [D]Thingsthatarepurchased. 3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow? [A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter. [B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill. [C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities. [D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD. 4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________. [A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience [B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife [C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood [D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying 5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD? [A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem. [B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.
6 [C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare. [D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities. 6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature? [A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger. [B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured. 7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________. [A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother [B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople [C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence [D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged 8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe________________________. 9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout________________________. 10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld. PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes) SectionA
7 Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice. [B]Shecan’tstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington. 12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany. [B]Whatherjobprospectsare. [C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis. [D]Thedirector’sopinionofherwork. 13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting. [B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays. [C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining. [D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram. 14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.
8 [B]Whethershecangobyherself. [C]Whethershecantravelbyair. [D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover. 15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice. [B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore. [C]Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations. [D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses. 16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile. [B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator. [C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator. [D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality. 17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea. [B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse. [C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof. [D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment. 18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover. [B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.
9 [C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays. [D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday. Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 19.[A]Shewasabankmanager. [B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery. [C]Shewasadefencelawyer. [D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime. 20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache. [B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface. [C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater. [D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun. 21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.[C]Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles. [B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid. Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]Bylisteningtothemorningnews.
10 [B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]Bycallinganemploymentservice. 23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages. [B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily. [C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently. [D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences. 24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]Workingasasecretary. [B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]StudyingforadegreeinFrench. 25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays. [B]Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails. [C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible. [D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist. SectionB Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11 PassageOne Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke. [B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein. [C]Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise. [D]Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters. 27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires. [B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire. [C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity. [D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge. 28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood. [B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire. [C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking. [D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren. 29.[A]FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica. [B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters. [C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.
12 [D]Informativespeechescansavelives. PassageTwo Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily. [B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential. [C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement. [D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth. 31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage. [B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted. [C]Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture. [D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities. 32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime. [B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan. [C]Savingasmuchasyoucan. [D]Workinghardandplayinghard. PassageThree Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
13 33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating. [B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers. [C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly. [D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime. 34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant. [B]Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood. [C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters. [D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime. 35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]Hewasaskedtoleave. [B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewasovercharged. SectionC Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
14 注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。 Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto(36)_____________ourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)_____________theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomany(38)_____________,colleges,business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetime—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)_____________rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore(40)_____________thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephone(41)_____________todrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)_____________anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)_____________them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussandcollaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)__________________________________________________________. Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.(45)____________________________________________________.Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“IwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou.”(46)____________________________________________________________________,butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships. PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank
15followingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior. Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.
16 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 [A]abilities[I]extent [B]achieve[J]indicates [C]appeal[K]proceeds [D]complaints[L]psychological [E]contributions[M]raised [F]displayed[N]smart [G]essentially[O]standard [H]eventually SectionB Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficinthe
17oppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia(学术界)outweighanyfinancialconsiderations. HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee’sisoneofthem. Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical(制药的)companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities. Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition(转换)toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinuein
18anacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57.By“aone-waystreet”(Line1,Para.1),theauthormeans________. [A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld [B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia [C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity [D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch 58.Theword“deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat________. [A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]attractspeople’sattention [B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]bringssomeoneafinancialburden 59.WhatwasHelenLee’smajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer? [A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus. [B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.
19 60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto________. [A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork [B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld [C]enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch [D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities 61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity? [A]Increaseitsgraduates’competitivenessinthejobmarket. [B]Developitsstudents’potentialinresearch. [C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry. [D]Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications. PassageTwo Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggest
20thatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm. Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects. Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner. Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
21 62.WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________. [A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness [B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflife [C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage [D]marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity 63.LindaWaite’sstudiessupporttheideathat_________. [A]oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy [B]marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth [C]themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried [D]unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife 64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line4,Para.2)refersto_________. [A]thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried [B]theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage [C]theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone’sfamily [D]theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage 65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?
22 [A]Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage. [B]Theyhelpdeveloppeople’scommunityspirit. [C]Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed. [D]Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife’sburdens. 66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? [A]It’simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung. [B]Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork. [C]Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan. [D]Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother. PartⅤCloze(15minutes) Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest“GlobalReportonHumanSettlements”saysasignificantchangetookplacelastyear.Thereport67thisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.
23 Acenturyago,68thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.69themiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,or70sixandahalfbillionpeople. Alreadythree-fourthsofpeoplein71countriesliveincities.Nowmosturbanpopulation72isinthedevelopingworld. Urbanizationcan73tosocialandeconomicprogress,butalsoput74oncitiestoprovidehousingand75.Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemove76citiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworseninginequalities,77bysocialdivisionsanddifferencesin78,couldresultinviolenceandcrime79citiesplanbetter. Anotherissueisurbansprawl(无序扩展的城区).Thisiswherecities80quicklyintoruralareas,sometimes81amuchfasterratethanurbanpopulationgrowth. Sprawlis82intheUnitedStates.Americansmovealot.Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeoplearemovingawayfromthe83citiestosmallerones.Heseesa84toward“de-urbanization”acrossthenation. 85urbaneconomiesstillprovidemany86thatruralareasdonot. 67.[A]cameon[C]cameover [B]cameoff[D]cameout 68.[A]more[C]less [B]other[D]rather 69.[A]By[C]Along
24 [B]Through[D]To 70.[A]really[C]ever [B]barely[D]almost 71.[A]flourishing[C]thriving [B]developed[D]fertile 72.[A]extension[C]raise [B]addition[D]growth 73.[A]keep[C]lead [B]turn[D]refer 74.[A]pressure[C]restraint [B]load[D]weight 75.[A]surroundings[C]concerns [B]communities[D]services 76.[A]onto[C]around [B]into[D]upon 77.[A]pulled[C]drawn [B]driven[D]pressed
25 78.[A]situation[C]treasure [B]wealth[D]category 79.[A]when[C]unless [B]if[D]whereas 80.[A]expand[C]invade [B]split[D]enlarge 81.[A]in[C]with [B]beyond[D]at 82.[A]common[C]ordinary [B]conventional[D]frequent 83.[A]essential[C]primitive [B]prior[D]major 84.[A]trend[C]direction [B]style[D]path 85.[A]Then[C]For [B]But[D]While 86.[A]abilities[C]possibilities
26 [B]qualities[D]realities PartVITranslation(5minutes) Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87.________________________________________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance. 88.Themagnificentmuseum________________________________________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago. 89.Therewouldbenolifeonearth___________________________________________(没有地球独特的环境). 90.___________________________________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople. 91.Theyrequestedthat__________________________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.
