大学英语六级考试超级阅读训练

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大学英语六级考试超级阅读训练第一课第一节总论阅读理解全真试题unit1——89，1unit2——90，1 unit3——91，6unit4——93，6 unit5——94，1unit6——95，1 unit7——95，6unit8——96，1 unit9——96，6unit10——97，1 unit11——97，6unit12——98，1 unit13——98，6unit14——99，1unit15——99，6unit16——2000，1 unit17——2000，6简答题全真试题unit1——97，1unit2——98，1 unit3——98，6unit4——99，1安排：一、阅读理解全真题——重点 二、阅读理解模拟练习 三、简答题评述 四、简答题全真试题：记住解题思路 五、英译汉样题、参考答案及评分标准——不是六级考试内容 1.总论 2.阅读理解基本能力的训练六级文章总体来讲可以分为两大部分 一部分：基础的东西 另一部分：比较初级的提高上去了对理解能力、分析判断能力有了比较高的那部分东西 第4个单元：跨度 第5个单元：过渡到后面一部分 六级阅读应注意的问题 平常班时间比较充裕；基础不好，记好笔记第二节 六级阅读应注意的问题 主观性试题——简答题，作文 积累好的表达 四级和六级的不同：

1做题方法不一样 1.词汇量2.速度3.干扰项4.难句和长句 单词最少背完80% 关于选项的理解： 如何背单词；带题的词汇书《速听速记》 灵活背单词；特别难的单词要记在卡片上，打乱顺序。 晚上背单词比较好；阅读速度的提高；70个词/分钟第三节六级阅读应注意的问题 主观性试题——简答题，作文 积累好的表达 四级和六级的不同： 做题方法不一样 1.词汇量2.速度3.干扰项4.难句和长句 单词最少背完80% 关于选项的理解： 如何背单词；带题的词汇书《速听速记》 灵活背单词；特别难的单词要记在卡片上，打乱顺序。 晚上背单词比较好；阅读速度的提高；70个词/分钟干扰项的问题 四种干扰项 （1）假细节 特点：一、利用文章中出现的一些词，尤其是显眼的词 二、利用一些基本的常识和一般的看法例：Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo. 29.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat. A)moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmay notbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates B)collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobe successful C)collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent, ambitious,andquick-learningpeople D)intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgoto college注：两个要点：1.题干中2.干扰项上 六级文章出现argues，表明观点和态度subtle：小的、微妙的Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼虫).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesert

2fishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(小虾)thatlive23.Thepassagemainlydealswith_____. A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps C)theimportanceofwatertolife D)lifeintheMojaveDesert（2）错误的细节 用原文出现的结构和大部分的词汇，只是在不显眼的地方做了少量的变化，造成了意思的转变例：ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf'sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.32.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat_____. A)ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbe usedtodestroyourworld B)technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit C)technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman D)beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorTheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttle(挑战者号航天飞机)andtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(变得混乱)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,Weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit32.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat_____. A)ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbe usedtodestroyourworld B)technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit C)technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman D)beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror注：drivesth.homedrivehomesth.：把什么说得特别清楚，表明清晰takeresponsibilityfor第四节（3）他处的细节 作为他处细节的选项，可能本身的含义是正确的，但放在此处不成立。 列举型细节题、作者态度题例：Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.

326.Thewriter'sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis___. A)indifferentB)tolerant C)favorableD)negative27.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy? A)PrimitiveB)Cheap C)ExhaustibleD)Unsafe28.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______. A)itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment B)itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinour scientificevolution C)itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustrially developingsociety D)nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedby relativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport? A)Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnot necessarilykeepincreasing. B)Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout. C)Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicand ecologicalreasons. D)Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringaboutthe expansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.（4）归纳范围的错误 第一，和文章无关的东西 第二，范围过大的归纳 第三，范围过小 逆向思维难句和长句的问题Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior………….askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.注：（1）每个词都能看懂、句子也不长，但句子意思不能准确把握JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.

4解决难句的方法 1.分析句子结构 2.掌握英语的专有表达 fail：前面有without时作名词 Hewillbethereatsixo'clockwithoutfail. regard,view,thinkof,lookat.... asconsider省略tobe第二课第一节六级体裁和题材的问题 体裁：说明文和议论文为主，六级没有出现过叙述文题材：人文社会 《英语世界》《新概念》三、四册安排：阅读的时间安排最多不能超过40分钟，随着对真题慢慢的熟悉，要减少到35分钟 打基础，摸清自己到底有多大的能力去考 及格：阅读分数不要低于26分 优秀：阅读分数不要低于36分 干扰项的问题 方法未完全掌握，会出现错误比较多 1996年是一个分水岭——极端难的两套题 现在的难是对于理解能力的提高第二节上课的要求 每一篇文章的真题要读6遍 第1遍：按照考试要求做目的：查漏补缺、暴露问题 第2遍：精读（最重要）目的：查出所有的不认识的单词和词组 第3遍：课前看一遍 第4遍：课上听一遍 第5遍：课后复习两遍，第1遍从考试的角度，第2遍从语言角度

5做题的方法 1.扫描题干，划出核心信息词 时间词、地点词、人物词（不要超过1分钟） 一般来说，扫描完题干，直接回原文 2.扫描文章，划出核心词 和题干的核心信息词相关的信息点 每段的尾句和首句必须去看 主题句 因果关系句 转折句 列举句，把号标出来 以副词开头的强调句3.题目和文章要相联系 4.再次回原文反复的看相关的信息点Question21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution."Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat________.A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemploymentB)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC)automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployersD)automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped22.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor"(Para.3,Line8)impliesroughly________.A)wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

6B)thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkersC)supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromotedD)thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers23.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,labourwilldependmostlyon________.A)additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkersB)theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivityC)shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretimeD)strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.第三节Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution."Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat________.A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemploymentB)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC)automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployersD)automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped22.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor"(Para.3,Line8)impliesroughly________.A)wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

7B)thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkersC)supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromotedD)thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers23.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,labourwilldependmostlyon________.A)additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkersB)theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivityC)shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretimeD)strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.注：不良阅读习惯：边念边读——从主观意识上去克服 指读、遇到生词就停下来不要按主观想法去读21：maywellbe：表示不确定;B\C：假细节;nolessthan:和什么一样多22：外延；improvementfactor:增值因素;callfor:要求；supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans：辅助性失业救济金计划；moneybasedonlengthofservice：解雇金协议选A不对24：主旨题；concern:忧虑、担心第四节Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution."Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat________.A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

8B)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC)automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployersD)automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped22.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor"(Para.3,Line8)impliesroughly________.A)wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofserviceB)thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkersC)supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromotedD)thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers23.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,labourwilldependmostlyon________.A)additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkersB)theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivityC)shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretimeD)strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.注：不良阅读习惯：边念边读——从主观意识上去克服 指读、遇到生词就停下来不要按主观想法去读21：maywellbe：表示不确定;B\C：假细节;nolessthan:和什么一样多22：外延；improvementfactor:增值因素;callfor:要求；supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans：辅助性失业救济金计划；moneybasedonlengthofservice：解雇金协议选A不对24：主旨题；concern:忧虑、担心六级的六种题型 一、主旨题 二、细节题 三、推断题 1.以因果关系为主，侧重考原因例：Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing（定量供应）isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswide-spreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partly

9becauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinNorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain'soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhaveseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogrammeisnotworkingverywell.26.Whyisthere"wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusion"aboutthefoodsituationinBritain?A)Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.B)Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.C)Britainisimportinglessfood.D)Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.27.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat________.A)peoplearebuyinglessfoodB)importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigherC)domesticfoodproductionhasdecreasedD)thegovernmentisprovidinglesssupportforagriculture28.Whydidn'tthegovernment'sexpansionprogrammeworkverywell?A)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed.B)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.C)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce.D)Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerswerestronglyagainsttheprogramme.29.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpriceswasaresultof________.A)asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumersB)asharpfallinthecostoffoodproductionC)theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountriesD)theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries30.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain'sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?A)Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.B)Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.C)Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.D)ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.2.暗含暗指四、词汇题 1.

10不注出中文意思，但后面要考 2.不注出中文意思，但是可以通过上下文猜出来 3.是生词，将中文意思注出来 通过同义词、反义词、构词法判断和全文推测和代入排除 97年6月——包装95年1月例：Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.28.Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans"____". A)narrow-minded B)short-sighted C)abletoseeonlyoneaspect D)blindtothefacts五、句子释义题六、作者态度题 1.带有感情色彩的词 2.通过一些特别强烈的表达 3.客观去说第三课第一节Unit1Passage1Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whathasthetelephonedonetous,orforus,inthehundredyearsofitsexistence?Afeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonce.Ithassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillness,injury,orfirefromremoteplaces.Byjoiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemulti-storyresidenceorofficebuilding,ithasmadepossible—forbetterorworse—themoderncity.Bybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandeasewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplace,ithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustry.Beyonddoubtithasseriouslyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwriting.Ithasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonswithnormalsocialimpulses;bysodoing,ithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscentury,thebreakupofthemulti-generationalhousehold.Ithasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerly.Perhaps,thoughnotprovably（可证实）,ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunication.Orperhaps—againnotprovably—bymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontact,ithascausedwars.Certainlyithasextendedthescopeofhumanconflicts,sinceitimpartiallydisseminates（传播）theusefulknowledgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignorant,theaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice（恶意）ofthemalicious.21.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A)Thetelephonehashelpedtosavepeoplefromillnessandfire.B)Thetelephonehashelpedtopreventwarsandconflicts.

11C)Thetelephonehasmadethemoderncityneitherbetternorworse.D)Thetelephonehashadpositiveaswellasnegativeeffectsonus.22.Accordingtothepassage,itisthetelephonethat________.A)hasmadeletterwritinganartB)haspreventedwarsbyavoidingwrittencommunicationC)hasmadetheworlddifferentfromwhatitwasD)hascausedwarsbymagnifyingandextendinghumanconflicts23.Thetelephonehasintensifiedconflictsamongpeoplebecause________.A)itincreasesthedangerofwarB)itprovidesservicestoboththegoodandthemaliciousC)itmakesdistantcommunicationeasierD)itbreaksupthemulti-generationalhousehold24.Theauthordescribesthetelephoneasimpartialbecauseit________.A)saveslivesofpeopleinremoteplacesB)enablespeopletolivealoneiftheywanttoC)spreadsbothloveandillwillD)replacesmuchwrittencommunication25.Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis________.A)affectionateC)approvingB)disapprovingD)neutral注：21：主旨题；插入语做干扰项22：细节题、全局性的题文章特点：一、大的列举 二、插入语 suggestitselftosb.:立刻凸现出来 withoutdoubt,nodoubt=Beyonddoubt毫无疑问的；bringingabout：引起，导致irrational：无理性的、不合理的、荒谬的、愚蠢的elevator：电梯；greatleapforward多多留意设问句 如果是长句子，则在核心信息处标号 先不看插入语，回去再补充信息不要贪心、敢于舍弃 CouldIkillthelight? Ikilledtheexam.Iwaskilledbytheexam.Ikilledher.bydoingso＝indoingso breakup:解体 arisenoutof=arisenfrom：源于；basedon:因果关系词组第二节Whathasthetelephonedonetous,orforus,inthehundredyearsofitsexistence?Afeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonce.Ithassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillness,injury,orfirefromremoteplaces.By

12joiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemulti-storyresidenceorofficebuilding,ithasmadepossible—forbetterorworse—themoderncity.Bybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandeasewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplace,ithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustry.Beyonddoubtithasseriouslyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwriting.Ithasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonswithnormalsocialimpulses;bysodoing,ithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscentury,thebreakupofthemulti-generationalhousehold.Ithasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerly.Perhaps,thoughnotprovably（可证实）,ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunication.Orperhaps—againnotprovably—bymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontact,ithascausedwars.Certainlyithasextendedthescopeofhumanconflicts,sinceitimpartiallydisseminates（传播）theusefulknowledgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignorant,theaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice（恶意）ofthemalicious.21.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A)Thetelephonehashelpedtosavepeoplefromillnessandfire.B)Thetelephonehashelpedtopreventwarsandconflicts.C)Thetelephonehasmadethemoderncityneitherbetternorworse.D)Thetelephonehashadpositiveaswellasnegativeeffectsonus.22.Accordingtothepassage,itisthetelephonethat________.A)hasmadeletterwritinganartB)haspreventedwarsbyavoidingwrittencommunicationC)hasmadetheworlddifferentfromwhatitwasD)hascausedwarsbymagnifyingandextendinghumanconflicts23.Thetelephonehasintensifiedconflictsamongpeoplebecause________.A)itincreasesthedangerofwarB)itprovidesservicestoboththegoodandthemaliciousC)itmakesdistantcommunicationeasierD)itbreaksupthemulti-generationalhousehold24.Theauthordescribesthetelephoneasimpartialbecauseit________.A)saveslivesofpeopleinremoteplacesB)enablespeopletolivealoneiftheywanttoC)spreadsbothloveandillwillD)replacesmuchwrittencommunication25.Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis________.A)affectionateC)approvingB)disapprovingD)neutral注：21：主旨题；插入语做干扰项22：细节题、全局性的题文章特点：一、大的列举 二、插入语 suggestitselftosb.:立刻凸现出来

13withoutdoubt,nodoubt=Beyonddoubt毫无疑问的；bringingabout：引起，导致irrational：无理性的、不合理的、荒谬的、愚蠢的elevator：电梯；greatleapforward多多留意设问句 如果是长句子，则在核心信息处标号 先不看插入语，回去再补充信息不要贪心、敢于舍弃 CouldIkillthelight? Ikilledtheexam.Iwaskilledbytheexam.Ikilledher.bydoingso＝indoingso breakup:解体 arisenoutof=arisenfrom：源于；basedon:因果关系词组Passage2Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket（叫嚷）isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers;whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonaswhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.26.Thestatementthatchildrenlearnbyimitationisincompletebecause________.A)theyonlyimitateauthoritiesandexpertsB)thearenotwillingtocopytheirparentsC)theprocessofidentificationhasbeenignoredD)thenatureoftheirimitationasaformofbehaviourhasbeenneglected

1427.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningbyimitationis________.A)theneedtofindanauthorityB)theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresultC)theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparentsD)thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup28.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresults,achildshouldalsolearnto________.A)behaveproperlyC)showhisaffectionforhisparentsB)attainhisgoalassoonaspossibleD)talkquietly29.Childrentendtoimitatetheirmodels________.A)whodonotcriticizethemB)whobringthemunexpectedrewardsC)whomtheywanttobelikeD)whosesocialstatusishigh30."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson________.A)whoservesasamodelforothersB)whoisalwayssuccessfulC)whocanbedependeduponD)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess注：注意每段的核心；while:对照、对比关系；subtle：深奥的、不明显的ready:现成的；I'mreadytohelpyou；reasonout:推理出atwork：起作用、发挥作用，工作；30：B选项中always等表示最高的、绝对的、唯一的这些词在六级文章中出现会有不同的位置；asawhole:onthewhole；identifying：令人认同的28：trial：实验；whoseemstobelikeagoodperson；ratherthan：而不是otherthan：除了27：emphatically：强调的；AbeoverlaidwithB：B覆盖A文章特点：题目顺序和文章顺序一致第三节Passage2Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket（叫嚷）isunpleasant,thathe

15shouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers;whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonaswhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.26.Thestatementthatchildrenlearnbyimitationisincompletebecause________.A)theyonlyimitateauthoritiesandexpertsB)thearenotwillingtocopytheirparentsC)theprocessofidentificationhasbeenignoredD)thenatureoftheirimitationasaformofbehaviourhasbeenneglected27.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningbyimitationis________.A)theneedtofindanauthorityB)theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresultC)theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparentsD)thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup28.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresults,achildshouldalsolearnto________.A)behaveproperlyC)showhisaffectionforhisparentsB)attainhisgoalassoonaspossibleD)talkquietly29.Childrentendtoimitatetheirmodels________.A)whodonotcriticizethemB)whobringthemunexpectedrewardsC)whomtheywanttobelikeD)whosesocialstatusishigh30."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson________.A)whoservesasamodelforothersB)whoisalwayssuccessfulC)whocanbedependeduponD)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess注：注意每段的核心；while:对照、对比关系；subtle：深奥的、不明显的ready:现成的；I'mreadytohelpyou；reasonout:推理出atwork：起作用、发挥作用，工作；30：B选项中always等表示最高的、绝对的、唯一的这些词在六级文章中出现会有不同的位置；asawhole:onthewhole；identifying：令人认同的28：trial：实验；whoseemstobelikeagoodperson；ratherthan：而不是otherthan：除了27：emphatically：强调的；AbeoverlaidwithB：B覆盖A

16文章特点：题目顺序和文章顺序一致第四节Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket（叫嚷）isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers;whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonaswhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.26.Thestatementthatchildrenlearnbyimitationisincompletebecause________.A)theyonlyimitateauthoritiesandexpertsB)thearenotwillingtocopytheirparentsC)theprocessofidentificationhasbeenignoredD)thenatureoftheirimitationasaformofbehaviourhasbeenneglected27.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningbyimitationis________.A)theneedtofindanauthorityB)theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresultC)theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparentsD)thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup28.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresults,achildshouldalsolearnto________.A)behaveproperlyC)showhisaffectionforhisparentsB)attainhisgoalassoonaspossibleD)talkquietly29.Childrentendtoimitatetheirmodels________.A)whodonotcriticizethemB)whobringthemunexpectedrewardsC)whomtheywanttobelike

17D)whosesocialstatusishigh30."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson________.A)whoservesasamodelforothersB)whoisalwayssuccessfulC)whocanbedependeduponD)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess注：注意每段的核心；while:对照、对比关系；subtle：深奥的、不明显的ready:现成的；I'mreadytohelpyou；reasonout:推理出atwork：起作用、发挥作用，工作；30：B选项中always等表示最高的、绝对的、唯一的这些词在六级文章中出现会有不同的位置；asawhole:onthewhole；identifying：令人认同的28：trial：实验；whoseemstobelikeagoodperson；ratherthan：而不是otherthan：除了27：emphatically：强调的；AbeoverlaidwithB：B覆盖A文章特点：题目顺序和文章顺序一致Passage3Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhetherlifeexistinanypartofit,theymaycheerthemselvesbyrememberingthatlifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.Marslooksliketheonlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist,andeventhisisdoubtful.Buttheremaybeotherkindsoflifebasedonotherkindsofchemistry,andtheymaymultiplyonVenusorJupiter.Atleastwecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.Evenmoreinterestingisthepossibilitythatlifeontheirplanetsmaybeinamoreadvancedstageofevolution.Present-daymanisinapeculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives.Butman'ssocietiesarealreadysufficientlydevelopedtohaveenormouslymorepowerandeffectivenessthantheindividualshave.Itisnotlikelythatthistransitionalsituationwillcontinueverylongontheevolutionarytimescale.Fiftythousandyearsfromnowman'ssocietiesmayhavebecomesoclose-knitthattheindividualsretainnosenseofseparatepersonality.Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.Theexplorersofspaceshouldbepreparedforsomesuchsituation.Iftheyarriveonaforeignplanetthathasreachedanadvancedstage(andthisisbynomeansimpossible),theymayfinditbeinginhabitedbyasinglelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits.Theunitsmaybe"secondary"—machinescreatedmillionsofyearsagobyapreviousformoflifeandgiventhewillandabilitytosurviveandreproduce.Theymaybebuiltentirelyofmetalsandotherdurablematerials.Ifthisisthecase,theymaybemuchmoretolerantoftheirenvironment,multiplyingunderconditionsthatwoulddestroyimmediatelyanyorganismmadeofcarboncompoundsanddependentonthefamiliarcarboncycle.Suchcreaturesmightberelics（遗物）ofapastage,manymillionsofyearsago,whentheirplanetwasfavorabletotheoriginoflife,ortheymightbeimmigrantsfromafavoredplanet.

1831.Whatdoestheword"cheer"(Line2,Para.1)imply?A)Imaginativemenaresureofsuccessinfindinglifeonotherplanets.B)Imaginativemenaredelightedtofindlifeonotherplanets.C)Imaginativemenarehappytofindadifferentkindoflifeexistingonotherplanets.D)Imaginativemencanbepleasedwiththeideathattheremightexistdifferentformsoflifeonotherplanets.32.HumansonEarthtodayarecharacterizedby________.A)theirexistenceasfreeandseparatebeingsB)theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditionsC)theirgreatpowerandeffectivenessD)theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsociety33.Accordingtothispassage,somepeoplebelievethateventually________.A)humansocietieswillbemuchmorecooperativeB)manwillliveinahighlyorganizedworldC)machineswillreplacemanD)livingbeingswilldisappearfromEarth34.Evenmostimaginativepeoplehavetoadmitthat________.A)humansocietiesareasadvancedasthoseonsomeotherplanetsB)planetsotherthanEartharenotsuitableforlifelikeourstostayC)itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenorganicpartsandinorganicpartsofthehumanbodyD)organismaremorecreativethanmachines35.Itseemsthatthewriter________.A)isinterestedintheimaginarylifeformsB)iseagertofindadifferentformoflifeC)iscertainoftheexistenceofanewlifeformD)iscriticaloftheimaginativepeople 注：掌握单词和词组 imaginary：想象中的 may——阅读中重点看 astrongsenseofpersonality leadingindividuallives32：likely：形容词33：livingbeings：生命体35：金星：Venus；木星：Jupiter；水星：Mercury；火星：Mars 土星：Saturn；Mercury：莫丘；mercury:汞、水银mercuryfree:无汞电池、环保电池Mars：战神Saturn：萨登农神Cupid：丘比特第四课第一节Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhetherlifeexistinanypartofit,theymaycheerthemselvesbyrememberingthatlifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.Marslookslike

19theonlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist,andeventhisisdoubtful.Buttheremaybeotherkindsoflifebasedonotherkindsofchemistry,andtheymaymultiplyonVenusorJupiter.Atleastwecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.Evenmoreinterestingisthepossibilitythatlifeontheirplanetsmaybeinamoreadvancedstageofevolution.Present-daymanisinapeculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives.Butman'ssocietiesarealreadysufficientlydevelopedtohaveenormouslymorepowerandeffectivenessthantheindividualshave.Itisnotlikelythatthistransitionalsituationwillcontinueverylongontheevolutionarytimescale.Fiftythousandyearsfromnowman'ssocietiesmayhavebecomesoclose-knitthattheindividualsretainnosenseofseparatepersonality.Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.Theexplorersofspaceshouldbepreparedforsomesuchsituation.Iftheyarriveonaforeignplanetthathasreachedanadvancedstage(andthisisbynomeansimpossible),theymayfinditbeinginhabitedbyasinglelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits.Theunitsmaybe"secondary"—machinescreatedmillionsofyearsagobyapreviousformoflifeandgiventhewillandabilitytosurviveandreproduce.Theymaybebuiltentirelyofmetalsandotherdurablematerials.Ifthisisthecase,theymaybemuchmoretolerantoftheirenvironment,multiplyingunderconditionsthatwoulddestroyimmediatelyanyorganismmadeofcarboncompoundsanddependentonthefamiliarcarboncycle.Suchcreaturesmightberelics（遗物）ofapastage,manymillionsofyearsago,whentheirplanetwasfavorabletotheoriginoflife,ortheymightbeimmigrantsfromafavoredplanet.31.Whatdoestheword"cheer"(Line2,Para.1)imply?A)Imaginativemenaresureofsuccessinfindinglifeonotherplanets.B)Imaginativemenaredelightedtofindlifeonotherplanets.C)Imaginativemenarehappytofindadifferentkindoflifeexistingonotherplanets.D)Imaginativemencanbepleasedwiththeideathattheremightexistdifferentformsoflifeonotherplanets.32.HumansonEarthtodayarecharacterizedby________.A)theirexistenceasfreeandseparatebeingsB)theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditionsC)theirgreatpowerandeffectivenessD)theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsociety33.Accordingtothispassage,somepeoplebelievethateventually________.A)humansocietieswillbemuchmorecooperativeB)manwillliveinahighlyorganizedworldC)machineswillreplacemanD)livingbeingswilldisappearfromEarth34.Evenmostimaginativepeoplehavetoadmitthat________.A)humansocietiesareasadvancedasthoseonsomeotherplanetsB)planetsotherthanEartharenotsuitableforlifelikeourstostayC)itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenorganicpartsandinorganicpartsofthehumanbodyD)organismaremorecreativethanmachines35.Itseemsthatthewriter________.

20A)isinterestedintheimaginarylifeformsB)iseagertofindadifferentformoflifeC)iscertainoftheexistenceofanewlifeformD)iscriticaloftheimaginativepeople 注：掌握单词和词组 imaginary：想象中的 may——阅读中重点看 astrongsenseofpersonality leadingindividuallives32：likely：形容词33：livingbeings：生命体35：金星：Venus；木星：Jupiter；水星：Mercury；火星：Mars 土星：Saturn；Mercury：莫丘；mercury:汞、水银mercuryfree:无汞电池、环保电池Mars：战神Saturn：萨登农神Cupid：丘比特Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen'sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsandcareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertaintiesintroducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmarital（婚姻的）breakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage—tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesduringtheremainderofthiscentury.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthenineteenthcentury.Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1976and1977havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2000.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirations（渴望）willexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthetwenty-firstcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrolthenewsisencouraging.36.Duringtheyearsfrom1957to1976,thebirthrateoftheUnitedStates________.A)increasedC)experiencedbothfallsandrises

21B)wasreducedD)remainedstable37.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis________.A)highlypaidjobsC)expensesofchildraisingB)women'sdesireforindependenceD)highdivorcerate38.Thesentence"Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive."(Line4,Para.2)impliesthat________.A)foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensiveB)pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetimeC)toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobsD)socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive39.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis________.A)birthcontrolC)theinstabilityofmarriageB)thedesiretoseekfortuneincitiesD)thechangedplaceofwomen40.Thepopulationinthe21stcentury,.accordingtothewriter,________.A)willbesmallerthanafewyearsagoB)willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpectC)willprovetobeathreattotheworldD)willnotconstituteasseriousaproblemasexpected注：36：典型的细节定位题Itisafactthat...；Certainly...；benotwillingtodosth.；beunwillingtodosth. Hiswifeisimpossible.；subjectthemselves40：babyboomer；developingcountry；hardly第二节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen'sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsandcareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertaintiesintroducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmarital（婚姻的）breakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage—tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesduringtheremainderofthiscentury.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthenineteenthcentury.Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1976and1977havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2000.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastable

22populationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirations（渴望）willexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthetwenty-firstcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrolthenewsisencouraging.36.Duringtheyearsfrom1957to1976,thebirthrateoftheUnitedStates________.A)increasedC)experiencedbothfallsandrisesB)wasreducedD)remainedstable37.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis________.A)highlypaidjobsC)expensesofchildraisingB)women'sdesireforindependenceD)highdivorcerate38.Thesentence"Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive."(Line4,Para.2)impliesthat________.A)foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensiveB)pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetimeC)toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobsD)socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive39.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis________.A)birthcontrolC)theinstabilityofmarriageB)thedesiretoseekfortuneincitiesD)thechangedplaceofwomen40.Thepopulationinthe21stcentury,.accordingtothewriter,________.A)willbesmallerthanafewyearsagoB)willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpectC)willprovetobeathreattotheworldD)willnotconstituteasseriousaproblemasexpected注：36：典型的细节定位题Itisafactthat...；Certainly...；benotwillingtodosth.；beunwillingtodosth. Hiswifeisimpossible.；subjectthemselves40：babyboomer；developingcountry；hardly第三节Questions25to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo.Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon'tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother'sexperimentsandwritesfalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout—oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat'sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn'texplainallcampusunhappiness.

23Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We'vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan'tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn'tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit'sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy（异端邪说）tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.25.Accordingtotheauthor,________.A)peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducationB)peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducationC)allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollegeD)veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege26.Inthe2ndparagraph,"thosewhodon'tfitthepattern"refersto________.A)highschoolgraduateswhoaren'tsuitableforcollegeeducationB)collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxisC)collegestudentswhoaren'tanybetterfortheirhighereducationD)highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege27.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause________.A)youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollegeB)manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmyC)youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducationD)youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool28.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat________.A)societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduatesB)highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducationC)toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownlivingD)collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout29.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat________.A)moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduatesB)collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessfulC)collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeopleD)intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgotocollege30.The"surveysandstatistics"mentionedinthelastparagraphmighthaveshownthat________.A)college-educatedpeoplearemoresuccessfulthannon-college-educatedpeopleB)collegeeducationwasnotthefirstchoiceforintelligentpeopleC)thelessschoolingonehasthebetteritisforhimD)mostpeoplehavesweetmemoriesofcollegelife

24注：29：argue：主张30：case：理由、论据；nowthat：既然、由于26：condemnation：谴责；Hewantstotellthenewstotheworld.；anarmyof：大量的观点上没把自己包括进去；mountup：增加25：时间的对照第四节Questions25to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo.Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon'tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother'sexperimentsandwritesfalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout—oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat'sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn'texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We'vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan'tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn'tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit'sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy（异端邪说）tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.25.Accordingtotheauthor,________.A)peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducationB)peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducationC)allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollegeD)veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege26.Inthe2ndparagraph,"thosewhodon'tfitthepattern"refersto________.A)highschoolgraduateswhoaren'tsuitableforcollegeeducationB)collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxisC)collegestudentswhoaren'tanybetterfortheirhighereducationD)highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

2527.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause________.A)youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollegeB)manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmyC)youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducationD)youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool28.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat________.A)societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduatesB)highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducationC)toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownlivingD)collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout29.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat________.A)moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduatesB)collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessfulC)collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeopleD)intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgotocollege30.The"surveysandstatistics"mentionedinthelastparagraphmighthaveshownthat________.A)college-educatedpeoplearemoresuccessfulthannon-college-educatedpeopleB)collegeeducationwasnotthefirstchoiceforintelligentpeopleC)thelessschoolingonehasthebetteritisforhimD)mostpeoplehavesweetmemoriesofcollegelife注：29：argue：主张30：case：理由、论据；nowthat：既然、由于26：condemnation：谴责；Hewantstotellthenewstotheworld.；anarmyof：大量的观点上没把自己包括进去；mountup：增加25：时间的对照Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping（簿记）.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowthe

26requirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago________.A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesB)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployeesC)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersD)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers32.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,________.A)factorylabourerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumberB)thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylabourersC)employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylabourersD)theproportionoffactorylabourersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased33.Theword"dubious"(Para.2,Line2)mostprobablymeans________.A)valuableC)doubtfulB)usefulD)helpful34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis________.A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployeeB)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsC)moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelationsD)asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization35.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsone________.A)tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerC)tosolvetechnicalproblemsB)tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD)todevelophisprofessionalskill注：33：通过作者态度来判断35：atwork：工作的第五课第一节安排：模拟题——详解 上海外语教育出版社《四六级模拟试题集160篇》 《最新六级考试阅读理解80篇详解》 《大学英语阅读基本功难句过关》主编：马铁川 《GRE阅读难句的解析》 作业： 第5单元。有时间做第6单元，如果没有时间，做前两套题

27Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem,Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems—andthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparent-childrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.Sometimesyouareresistant,andproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapprove,itlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,youareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan'twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonour.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents'control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself.Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparents,intodoingthingsthewayyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.21.Theauthorisprimarilyaddressing________.A)parentsofteenagersC)teenagersB)newspaperreadersD)thosewhogiveadvicetoteenagers22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A)theteenagers'criticismoftheirparentsB)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparentsC)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildrenD)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises23.teenagerstendtohavestrangeclothesandhairstylesbecausethey________.A)wanttoirritatetheirparentsB)haveastrongdesiretobeleadersinstyleandtasteC)havenootherwaytoenjoythemselvesbetterD)wanttoshowtheirexistancebycreatingacultureoftheirown24.Teenagersdonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhatevertheydobecausethey________.A)haveadesiretobeindependentB)feelthattheyaresuperiorinasmallwaytotheadultsC)arenotlikelytowinovertheadultsD)havealreadybeenacceptedintotheadultworld25.Toimproveparent-childrelationships,teenagersareadvisedtobe________.A)obedientC)independent

28B)responsibleD)co-operative注：21：addressing：对……说话25：第1道题会在文章靠前的部分出来，最后一个题会在文章最后部分出来给出核心内容；crises：危机，引申为极难的事情underdog:弱者、处于劣势的人；Everydoghasitsday.每个人都有得意的那一天。 Lovemelovemydog.；Toworklikeadog.；Todrinklikeafish. magpieowl：猫头鹰owlish22：irritate：使……感到不悦、触犯；turnout：表明24：Youareamanoftaste.；casestudyShecancharmthebirdsfromthetrees.；authority：权利原因和结果第二节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem,Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems—andthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparent-childrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.Sometimesyouareresistant,andproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapprove,itlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,youareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan'twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonour.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents'control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself.Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparents,intodoingthingsthewayyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.21.Theauthorisprimarilyaddressing________.A)parentsofteenagersC)teenagersB)newspaperreadersD)thosewhogiveadvicetoteenagers22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A)theteenagers'criticismoftheirparentsB)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparentsC)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildrenD)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises

2923.teenagerstendtohavestrangeclothesandhairstylesbecausethey________.A)wanttoirritatetheirparentsB)haveastrongdesiretobeleadersinstyleandtasteC)havenootherwaytoenjoythemselvesbetterD)wanttoshowtheirexistancebycreatingacultureoftheirown24.Teenagersdonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhatevertheydobecausethey________.A)haveadesiretobeindependentB)feelthattheyaresuperiorinasmallwaytotheadultsC)arenotlikelytowinovertheadultsD)havealreadybeenacceptedintotheadultworld25.Toimproveparent-childrelationships,teenagersareadvisedtobe________.A)obedientC)independentB)responsibleD)co-operative注：21：addressing：对……说话25：第1道题会在文章靠前的部分出来，最后一个题会在文章最后部分出来给出核心内容；crises：危机，引申为极难的事情underdog:弱者、处于劣势的人；Everydoghasitsday.每个人都有得意的那一天。 Lovemelovemydog.；Toworklikeadog.；Todrinklikeafish. magpieowl：猫头鹰owlish22：irritate：使……感到不悦、触犯；turnout：表明24：Youareamanoftaste.；casestudyShecancharmthebirdsfromthetrees.；authority：权利原因和结果Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment（启蒙运动）tobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'sbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatis

30anothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.31.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience________.A)wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmentB)willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvanceC)willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseenD)willbringaboutdisturbingresults32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury________.A)knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureB)wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearchC)thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscienceD)didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman'sunderstandingofnature33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutscientistsinearliertimes?A)Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn'tunderstand.B)Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutmature.C)Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.D)Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsscience?A)Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.B)Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.C)Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.D)Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.35.Theauthorbelievesthat________.A)mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellectB)mancanfindsolutionssoonerorlatertowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkupC)soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthemD)questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearch注：33：列举题35：对应文章中的双重否定句在任何时候Iwillloveyoueverandforever.31：definition=new；beobligedtodo:不得不做……；beobligedtosb.:对……心存感激，感谢某人aboutwhich Thisisthethingofwhichhedreamt. ThisisthesortofEnglishupwithwhichIwillnotput.falter,waiver；prevailAprevailsagainstBinitsway:如果从某一合适的立场来看33：划出确定、不确定的词第三节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

31Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment（启蒙运动）tobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'sbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.31.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience________.A)wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmentB)willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvanceC)willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseenD)willbringaboutdisturbingresults32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury________.A)knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureB)wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearchC)thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscienceD)didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman'sunderstandingofnature33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutscientistsinearliertimes?A)Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn'tunderstand.B)Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutmature.C)Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.D)Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsscience?A)Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.B)Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.C)Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.D)Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.35.Theauthorbelievesthat________.A)mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellectB)mancanfindsolutionssoonerorlatertowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkup

32C)soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthemD)questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearch注：33：列举题35：对应文章中的双重否定句在任何时候Iwillloveyoueverandforever.31：definition=new；beobligedtodo:不得不做……；beobligedtosb.:对……心存感激，感谢某人aboutwhich Thisisthethingofwhichhedreamt. ThisisthesortofEnglishupwithwhichIwillnotput.falter,waiver；prevailAprevailsagainstBinitsway:如果从某一合适的立场来看33：划出确定、不确定的词第四节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment（启蒙运动）tobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'sbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.31.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience________.A)wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmentB)willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvanceC)willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseenD)willbringaboutdisturbingresults32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury________.

33A)knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureB)wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearchC)thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscienceD)didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman'sunderstandingofnature33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutscientistsinearliertimes?A)Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn'tunderstand.B)Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutmature.C)Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.D)Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsscience?A)Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.B)Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.C)Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.D)Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.35.Theauthorbelievesthat________.A)mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellectB)mancanfindsolutionssoonerorlatertowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkupC)soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthemD)questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearch注：33：列举题35：对应文章中的双重否定句在任何时候Iwillloveyoueverandforever.31：definition=new；beobligedtodo:不得不做……；beobligedtosb.:对……心存感激，感谢某人aboutwhich Thisisthethingofwhichhedreamt. ThisisthesortofEnglishupwithwhichIwillnotput.falter,waiver；prevailAprevailsagainstBinitsway:如果从某一合适的立场来看33：划出确定、不确定的词Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfar

34fromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.36.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironment________.A)isstillunknownC)isbeingcloselystudiedB)hasbeenfullyrecognizedD)isusuallyneglected37.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto________.A)thedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhoodB)theimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhoodC)relativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilitiesD)thelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome38.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided________.A)intheneighbourhoodofthehouseC)inspecialareasB)inthesuburbsD)ingardensandparks39.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat________.A)anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedevelopedB)moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothemC)moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspectD)recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.A)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesB)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlifeC)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsagoD)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities注：38：一个知识点考了两个题目36：tostartwith/tobeginwith：首先37：AresultinB:A是原因、B是结果；AresultfromB：A是结果，B是原因AoriginatefromB：A是结果，B是原因；AaccountforB：A是原因，B是结果39：takeon：呈现出、显现出；Wehavecometotheconclusionthat.... 最后一篇文章，如果时间紧张，答题应该灵活第六课第一节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

35Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.36.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironment________.A)isstillunknownC)isbeingcloselystudiedB)hasbeenfullyrecognizedD)isusuallyneglected37.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto________.A)thedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhoodB)theimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhoodC)relativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilitiesD)thelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome38.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided________.A)intheneighbourhoodofthehouseC)inspecialareasB)inthesuburbsD)ingardensandparks39.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat________.A)anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedevelopedB)moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothemC)moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspectD)recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.A)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesB)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlifeC)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsagoD)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

36注：38：一个知识点考了两个题目36：tostartwith/tobeginwith：首先37：AresultinB:A是原因、B是结果；AresultfromB：A是结果，B是原因AoriginatefromB：A是结果，B是原因；AaccountforB：A是原因，B是结果39：takeon：呈现出、显现出；Wehavecometotheconclusionthat.... 最后一篇文章，如果时间紧张，答题应该灵活Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing（定量供应）isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswide-spreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinnorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain'soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhaveseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogrammeisnotworkingverywell.26.Whyisthere"wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusion"aboutthefoodsituationinBritain?A)Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.B)Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.C)Britainisimportinglessfood.D)Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.27.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat________.A)peoplearebuyinglessfoodB)importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigherC)domesticfoodproductionhasdecreasedD)thegovernmentisprovidinglesssupportforagriculture28.Whydidn'tthegovernment'sexpansionprogrammeworkverywell?A)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed.B)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.

37C)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce.D)Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerswerestronglyagainsttheprogramme.29.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpriceswasaresultof________.A)asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumersB)asharpfallinthecostoffoodproductionC)theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountriesD)theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries30.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain'sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?A)Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.B)Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.C)Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.D)ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.注：29：resultof后面指的原因；resultthat后面是结果onthepartof：在......方面、就......而言26：bechokedwith充满的；givewayto让路给……，向……让步，输给……，被……取代；domestic国内的，家庭的28：isrunningat51percent：在一定时期内保持特定的水平；carryweight：说话有分量30：athand：即将发生，在手边第二节Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing（定量供应）isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswide-spreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinnorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain'soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhaveseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogrammeisnotworkingverywell.

3826.Whyisthere"wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusion"aboutthefoodsituationinBritain?A)Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.B)Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.C)Britainisimportinglessfood.D)Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.27.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat________.A)peoplearebuyinglessfoodB)importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigherC)domesticfoodproductionhasdecreasedD)thegovernmentisprovidinglesssupportforagriculture28.Whydidn'tthegovernment'sexpansionprogrammeworkverywell?A)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed.B)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.C)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce.D)Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerswerestronglyagainsttheprogramme.29.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpriceswasaresultof________.A)asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumersB)asharpfallinthecostoffoodproductionC)theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountriesD)theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries30.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain'sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?A)Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.B)Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.C)Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.D)ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.注：29：resultof后面指的原因；resultthat后面是结果onthepartof：在......方面、就......而言26：bechokedwith充满的；givewayto让路给……，向……让步，输给……，被……取代；domestic国内的，家庭的28：isrunningat51percent：在一定时期内保持特定的水平；carryweight：说话有分量30：athand：即将发生，在手边Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

39Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,"It'sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome."Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes—andleftthreetimes."WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,"sheexplains."HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends'houses."Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure."Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.21.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S..A)formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsB)foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyC)formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD)foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents22.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?A)Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.B)Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.C)Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D)Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.23.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat.A)theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsB)mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoingC)therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeD)publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents24.Theword"hassles"inthepassage(Para.3,Line4)probablymeans.A)quarrelsC)disadvantagesB)worriesD)agreements25.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?A)Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.B)Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.C)Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D)Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.注：22：列举题accountfor：解释、说明；accountfor＋数字：占多大比例、多大数量25：shift＝change；Icameoutfromunderthetree.；Ipickedupagunfromundermypillow.21：clip：剪掉；makessense：讲得通的24：asocialdrink：应酬的小酒第三节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

40"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,"It'sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome."Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes—andleftthreetimes."WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,"sheexplains."HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends'houses."Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure."Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.21.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S..A)formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsB)foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyC)formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD)foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents22.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?A)Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.B)Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.C)Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D)Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.23.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat.A)theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsB)mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoingC)therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeD)publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents24.Theword"hassles"inthepassage(Para.3,Line4)probablymeans.A)quarrelsC)disadvantagesB)worriesD)agreements25.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?A)Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.B)Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.C)Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D)Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

41注：22：列举题accountfor：解释、说明；accountfor＋数字：占多大比例、多大数量25：shift＝change；Icameoutfromunderthetree.；Ipickedupagunfromundermypillow.21：clip：剪掉；makessense：讲得通的24：asocialdrink：应酬的小酒Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakefromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（发生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.36.Whyisthequestionof"howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight"nomereacademicone?A)Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.B)Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.C)Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.D)Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.37.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin.A)theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomationB)thedisturbanceofthedailycycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequentlyC)thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffectiveD)thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers38.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe.

42A)tochangeshiftsatlongerintervalsB)tohavelongershiftsC)toemploypeoplewhoworkonnightshiftsonlyD)tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers39.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.A)bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternatesB)bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorbackC)thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutinesischangedD)peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A)Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.B)Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.C)Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.D)Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.注：一套题的四篇文章中，一般第三篇是最难的。normalhumandailycycle：正常的人体活动周期；alternating：轮流、交替 coincides：同时发生aquestionofgrowingimportance：日益重要的问题；nosoonerthan：一……就…… relievethestrains；adopt采纳adept；intervals 第四节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakefromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（发生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothe

43changesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.36.Whyisthequestionof"howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight"nomereacademicone?A)Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.B)Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.C)Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.D)Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.37.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin.A)theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomationB)thedisturbanceofthedailycycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequentlyC)thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffectiveD)thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers38.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe.A)tochangeshiftsatlongerintervalsB)tohavelongershiftsC)toemploypeoplewhoworkonnightshiftsonlyD)tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers39.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.A)bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternatesB)bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorbackC)thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutinesischangedD)peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A)Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.B)Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.C)Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.D)Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.注：一套题的四篇文章中，一般第三篇是最难的。normalhumandailycycle：正常的人体活动周期；alternating：轮流、交替 coincides：同时发生aquestionofgrowingimportance：日益重要的问题；nosoonerthan：一……就…… relievethestrains；adopt采纳adept；intervals

44第七课第一节作业：简答题评述 Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thewordconservationhasathrifty（节俭）meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere"limitless"and"inexhaustible".Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword"conservation"hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone'sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable（水位）inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds（上游源头森林地带集水区）needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman'sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.26.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis__________.A)criticalC)positiveB)neutralD)suspicious27.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat__________.A)theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestryB)theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudyC)theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotectionD)theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials28.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn'trealize__________.A)theimportanceoftheproperuseoflandB)thevalueofthebeautyofnatureC)theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloodsD)theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings29.Toavoidthemistakesofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat__________.A)weplantmoretrees

45B)wereturntonatureC)naturalsciencesbetaughttoeverybodyD)environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone30.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth"(Para.3,Lines8-10)?A)Weneedtotakesomemeasurestoprotectspace.B)Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.C)Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.D)Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.注：conservation：保存、保有；specific；delicate：脆弱的；timber：木材 inanyquantity：要多少有多少；inrelationto：和……有关；yield：产生 Forthesakeof：为……考虑，为……着想 26：考试要点：1.对态度的考察2.灵活的解题方法28：B：干扰项29：naturalstudy:自然课30：本文难在干扰项上第二节Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thewordconservationhasathrifty（节俭）meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere"limitless"and"inexhaustible".Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword"conservation"hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone'sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable（水位）inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds（上游源头森林地带集水区）needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman'sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.26.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis__________.

46A)criticalC)positiveB)neutralD)suspicious27.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat__________.A)theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestryB)theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudyC)theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotectionD)theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials28.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn'trealize__________.A)theimportanceoftheproperuseoflandB)thevalueofthebeautyofnatureC)theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloodsD)theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings29.Toavoidthemistakesofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat__________.A)weplantmoretreesB)wereturntonatureC)naturalsciencesbetaughttoeverybodyD)environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone30.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth"(Para.3,Lines8-10)?A)Weneedtotakesomemeasurestoprotectspace.B)Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.C)Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.D)Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.注：conservation：保存、保有；specific；delicate：脆弱的；timber：木材 inanyquantity：要多少有多少；inrelationto：和……有关；yield：产生 Forthesakeof：为……考虑，为……着想 26：考试要点：1.对态度的考察2.灵活的解题方法28：B：干扰项29：naturalstudy:自然课30：本文难在干扰项上Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic（流行病）ofsleepinessinthenation."Ican'tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,"saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight."Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark."Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock."Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon'tevenrealizethey'redoingit,"saysDr.David.

47"Theythinkthey'reokeybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous."Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme."Inoursociety,you'reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours'sleep.Ifyou'vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition."Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier."We'vefoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,"saysDr.David."Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate."31.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad__________.A)noelectriclightingC)thebestsleephabitsB)nodriveandambitionD)nothingtodointheevening32.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans__________.A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflifeB)cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleepC)donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperlyD)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit33.ManyAmericansbelievethat_________.A)theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylifeB)sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusyC)tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeofthedayD)enoughsleeppromotespeople'sdriveandambition34.Theword"subjects"(Para.4,Line1)refersto__________.A)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficitB)specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudiedC)peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudiedD)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdefinit35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto__________.A)maintainone'sdailyscheduleC)feelenergeticandperformadequatelyB)improveone'smemorydramaticallyD)beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople注：31：本文突出题的特点；cheaton：夫妇间彼此不忠；community：社区、小区偷梁换柱在概念和范围上；dairy：牛奶场；diary：日记；getby：勉强对付过去them=subjects；recall:复述，回忆32：态度题——博士的态度；betteroff；beforcedonus34：subjects:都翻成研究对象35：双重否定第三节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

48Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic（流行病）ofsleepinessinthenation."Ican'tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,"saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight."Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark."Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock."Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon'tevenrealizethey'redoingit,"saysDr.David."Theythinkthey'reokeybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous."Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme."Inoursociety,you'reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours'sleep.Ifyou'vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition."Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier."We'vefoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,"saysDr.David."Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate."31.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad__________.A)noelectriclightingC)thebestsleephabitsB)nodriveandambitionD)nothingtodointheevening32.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans__________.A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflifeB)cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleepC)donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperlyD)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit33.ManyAmericansbelievethat_________.A)theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylifeB)sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusyC)tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeofthedayD)enoughsleeppromotespeople'sdriveandambition34.Theword"subjects"(Para.4,Line1)refersto__________.A)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficitB)specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudiedC)peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudiedD)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdefinit35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto__________.A)maintainone'sdailyscheduleC)feelenergeticandperformadequatelyB)improveone'smemorydramaticallyD)beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople注：31：本文突出题的特点；cheaton：夫妇间彼此不忠；community：社区、小区

49偷梁换柱在概念和范围上；dairy：牛奶场；diary：日记；getby：勉强对付过去them=subjects；recall:复述，回忆32：态度题——博士的态度；betteroff；beforcedonus34：subjects:都翻成研究对象35：双重否定Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofbealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.36.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause________.A)wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealthB)ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC)itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD)personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses37.To"liveacompletelysedentarylife-style"(Para.1,Line7—8)inthepassagemeans________.A)to"liveadecentlife"C)to"livealifeofvice"B)to"liveaninactivelife"D)to"livealifewithcompletefreedom"38.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause________.A)fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeB)peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriendsC)currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientD)therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions39.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto________.A)deliberatelyendingone'slifeC)limitingone'spersonalhealthchoiceB)improvingthequalityofone'slifeD)breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior40.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon________.

50A)personaldecisionsC)friends'opinionsB)statisticalevidenceD)society'slaws注：多读几遍37：同义表达；sedentary：不活跃的、不积极的；relativeto：和……相关的36：cure：治愈treat：治疗；almostall：几乎所有的；38：oneof＋复数；convenience：抽象的，不便；conveniences使人方便的东西giveoneselfoverto：放任自己40：TheLongevityHill万寿山；TheFragrantHills香山；TheJadeSringHill:玉泉山第四节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofbealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.36.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause________.A)wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealthB)ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC)itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD)personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses37.To"liveacompletelysedentarylife-style"(Para.1,Line7—8)inthepassagemeans________.A)to"liveadecentlife"C)to"livealifeofvice"B)to"liveaninactivelife"D)to"livealifewithcompletefreedom"38.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause________.A)fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeB)peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriendsC)currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientD)therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions

5139.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto________.A)deliberatelyendingone'slifeC)limitingone'spersonalhealthchoiceB)improvingthequalityofone'slifeD)breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior40.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon________.A)personaldecisionsC)friends'opinionsB)statisticalevidenceD)society'slaws注：多读几遍37：同义表达；sedentary：不活跃的、不积极的；relativeto：和……相关的36：cure：治愈treat：治疗；almostall：几乎所有的；38：oneof＋复数；convenience：抽象的，不便；conveniences使人方便的东西giveoneselfoverto：放任自己40：TheLongevityHill万寿山；TheFragrantHills香山；TheJadeSringHill:玉泉山模拟试题 1.篇幅 2.文章的内容 涉及到题目的出法Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Womendonotputmoneyasideforavarietyofreasons.Theycomeandgointheworkforce,takingtimeoffearlytoraisechildrenandlater,totendtoelderlyrelatives.Whentheydowork,theyearnless,regardlessofage,industryoreducation.Butsocietalpatternscannotbeblamedforeverything.Sometimestheproblemisvanity,arefusalbyanindividualtothinkaboutwhitehairandwrinkles.Othertimes,savingmoneygetslostinthecrushoffamilyandcareer.AdeleMorrissette,the40-year-oldheadofmediaandentertainmentinvestmentbankingatCowen&Company,believesthat"sometimeswomenwhoworkharddon'tpayenoughattentiontosaving.Wearetoobusythinkingaboutmakingmoney."Whateverthecause,theeffectcanbedevastating.AsanAmericanwoman,youhaveanalmostnine-out-of-tenchanceofendingupalone.Eitheryourmarriageisoneofthefourintenthatwillbebrokenupbydivorce,oryouwilloutliveyourmalepartnerbyfourtosixyears—evenlongerifyouareyoungerthanhe(andyouprobablyare).Anddon'tdeceiveyourself.Widowsaren'tallblue-hairedladiesplayingmahjong（麻将）inMiami.They'realsoyourfiftyishbigsistersfromcollege.Whetherbydeathordivorce,youwilllikelysomedaybesolelyresponsibleforyourfinancialsecurityandwell-being.Ifyouaren'tpreparingforthat,youareathighriskofoutlivingyouassets.ThreeoutoffourolderpoorAmericansarefemale.Onewomangetstothecorewhenshecomplains,"Ourmothersdidn'thavetodothis."Daddydid.Sogirlsoftengrewupnotknowingthelanguage,thinkingthatfinancialmatterswereforsomebodyelsetoworryabout.Theresultshowsupinsurveys:mostwomendon'tknowthatcommonstockshistoricallyoutperformbonds,don'tunderstandthatwheninterestratesgoup,thepriceofabondgoesdown,agreesomewhatorstronglywiththestatement"I'mnotreallysurehowamutualfundworks."31.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A)thecauseandeffectofwomen'snotsavingmoneyB)women'slowpositioninthesociety

52C)whywomenearnlessthanmenD)thereasonwhywomendonotsavemoney32.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A)40%Americanfamiliesendindivorce.B)AmongtheolderpoorAmericans,75%arefemale.C)Everywomanhastoberesponsibleforherownlivingatoldage.D)Awomangenerallysurvivesherhusbandby4~6years.33.AccordingtoAdeleMorrissette,women________.A)shouldnotworktoohardB)paymoreattentiontomakingthansavingmoneyC)shouldthinkoutbetterwaystomakemoneyD)aresobusythattheyarenotabletomakemoney34.Themainideaofparagraph2is________.A)ifawomandoesnotsavemoney,shewillloseherpropertyB)awomanwillhavetoliveonherownwhenherhusbanddiesorwhenshegetsdivorcedC)90%AmericanoldwomenlivebythemselvesD)awomanshouldsavemoneyforherpossiblefutureindependence35.Inparagraph3line2"thelanguage"mostprobablymeans________.A)humanspeechingeneralB)thespeechusedbythemenlivinginthatsocietyC)thespecialtermsconcerningfinancialmattersD)wordsusedineverydaycommunication注：putaside：存起来；taketimeoff：抽时间去做事情；tendto：照顾、照料 regardlessof：无论……；vanity：虚荣心；Widow：寡妇Widower、dowager、empress cixi：慈禧；catchup：番茄酱chowmeinkowtowkungfutofu sweatandsourmeat/pork；porkball31：选A第八课第一节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Womendonotputmoneyasideforavarietyofreasons.Theycomeandgointheworkforce,takingtimeoffearlytoraisechildrenandlater,totendtoelderlyrelatives.Whentheydowork,theyearnless,regardlessofage,industryoreducation.Butsocietalpatternscannotbeblamedforeverything.Sometimestheproblemisvanity,arefusalbyanindividualtothinkaboutwhitehairandwrinkles.Othertimes,savingmoneygetslostinthecrushoffamilyandcareer.AdeleMorrissette,the40-year-oldheadofmediaandentertainmentinvestmentbankingatCowen&Company,believesthat"sometimeswomenwhoworkharddon'tpayenoughattentiontosaving.Wearetoobusythinkingaboutmakingmoney."Whateverthecause,theeffectcanbedevastating.AsanAmericanwoman,youhaveanalmostnine-out-of-tenchanceofendingupalone.Eitheryourmarriageisoneofthefourintenthatwillbebrokenupbydivorce,oryouwilloutliveyourmalepartnerbyfourtosixyears—evenlongerifyouareyoungerthanhe(and

53youprobablyare).Anddon'tdeceiveyourself.Widowsaren'tallblue-hairedladiesplayingmahjong（麻将）inMiami.They'realsoyourfiftyishbigsistersfromcollege.Whetherbydeathordivorce,youwilllikelysomedaybesolelyresponsibleforyourfinancialsecurityandwell-being.Ifyouaren'tpreparingforthat,youareathighriskofoutlivingyouassets.ThreeoutoffourolderpoorAmericansarefemale.Onewomangetstothecorewhenshecomplains,"Ourmothersdidn'thavetodothis."Daddydid.Sogirlsoftengrewupnotknowingthelanguage,thinkingthatfinancialmatterswereforsomebodyelsetoworryabout.Theresultshowsupinsurveys:mostwomendon'tknowthatcommonstockshistoricallyoutperformbonds,don'tunderstandthatwheninterestratesgoup,thepriceofabondgoesdown,agreesomewhatorstronglywiththestatement"I'mnotreallysurehowamutualfundworks."31.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A)thecauseandeffectofwomen'snotsavingmoneyB)women'slowpositioninthesocietyC)whywomenearnlessthanmenD)thereasonwhywomendonotsavemoney32.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A)40%Americanfamiliesendindivorce.B)AmongtheolderpoorAmericans,75%arefemale.C)Everywomanhastoberesponsibleforherownlivingatoldage.D)Awomangenerallysurvivesherhusbandby4~6years.33.AccordingtoAdeleMorrissette,women________.A)shouldnotworktoohardB)paymoreattentiontomakingthansavingmoneyC)shouldthinkoutbetterwaystomakemoneyD)aresobusythattheyarenotabletomakemoney34.Themainideaofparagraph2is________.A)ifawomandoesnotsavemoney,shewillloseherpropertyB)awomanwillhavetoliveonherownwhenherhusbanddiesorwhenshegetsdivorcedC)90%AmericanoldwomenlivebythemselvesD)awomanshouldsavemoneyforherpossiblefutureindependence35.Inparagraph3line2"thelanguage"mostprobablymeans________.A)humanspeechingeneralB)thespeechusedbythemenlivinginthatsocietyC)thespecialtermsconcerningfinancialmattersD)wordsusedineverydaycommunication注：putaside：存起来；taketimeoff：抽时间去做事情；tendto：照顾、照料 regardlessof：无论……；vanity：虚荣心；Widow：寡妇Widower、dowager、empress cixi：慈禧；catchup：番茄酱chowmeinkowtowkungfutofu sweatandsourmeat/pork；porkball31：选A第二节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

54Womendonotputmoneyasideforavarietyofreasons.Theycomeandgointheworkforce,takingtimeoffearlytoraisechildrenandlater,totendtoelderlyrelatives.Whentheydowork,theyearnless,regardlessofage,industryoreducation.Butsocietalpatternscannotbeblamedforeverything.Sometimestheproblemisvanity,arefusalbyanindividualtothinkaboutwhitehairandwrinkles.Othertimes,savingmoneygetslostinthecrushoffamilyandcareer.AdeleMorrissette,the40-year-oldheadofmediaandentertainmentinvestmentbankingatCowen&Company,believesthat"sometimeswomenwhoworkharddon'tpayenoughattentiontosaving.Wearetoobusythinkingaboutmakingmoney."Whateverthecause,theeffectcanbedevastating.AsanAmericanwoman,youhaveanalmostnine-out-of-tenchanceofendingupalone.Eitheryourmarriageisoneofthefourintenthatwillbebrokenupbydivorce,oryouwilloutliveyourmalepartnerbyfourtosixyears—evenlongerifyouareyoungerthanhe(andyouprobablyare).Anddon'tdeceiveyourself.Widowsaren'tallblue-hairedladiesplayingmahjong（麻将）inMiami.They'realsoyourfiftyishbigsistersfromcollege.Whetherbydeathordivorce,youwilllikelysomedaybesolelyresponsibleforyourfinancialsecurityandwell-being.Ifyouaren'tpreparingforthat,youareathighriskofoutlivingyouassets.ThreeoutoffourolderpoorAmericansarefemale.Onewomangetstothecorewhenshecomplains,"Ourmothersdidn'thavetodothis."Daddydid.Sogirlsoftengrewupnotknowingthelanguage,thinkingthatfinancialmatterswereforsomebodyelsetoworryabout.Theresultshowsupinsurveys:mostwomendon'tknowthatcommonstockshistoricallyoutperformbonds,don'tunderstandthatwheninterestratesgoup,thepriceofabondgoesdown,agreesomewhatorstronglywiththestatement"I'mnotreallysurehowamutualfundworks."31.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A)thecauseandeffectofwomen'snotsavingmoneyB)women'slowpositioninthesocietyC)whywomenearnlessthanmenD)thereasonwhywomendonotsavemoney32.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A)40%Americanfamiliesendindivorce.B)AmongtheolderpoorAmericans,75%arefemale.C)Everywomanhastoberesponsibleforherownlivingatoldage.D)Awomangenerallysurvivesherhusbandby4~6years.33.AccordingtoAdeleMorrissette,women________.A)shouldnotworktoohardB)paymoreattentiontomakingthansavingmoneyC)shouldthinkoutbetterwaystomakemoneyD)aresobusythattheyarenotabletomakemoney34.Themainideaofparagraph2is________.A)ifawomandoesnotsavemoney,shewillloseherpropertyB)awomanwillhavetoliveonherownwhenherhusbanddiesorwhenshegetsdivorcedC)90%AmericanoldwomenlivebythemselvesD)awomanshouldsavemoneyforherpossiblefutureindependence35.Inparagraph3line2"thelanguage"mostprobablymeans________.A)humanspeechingeneralB)thespeechusedbythemenlivinginthatsocietyC)thespecialtermsconcerningfinancialmatters

55D)wordsusedineverydaycommunication注：putaside：存起来；taketimeoff：抽时间去做事情；tendto：照顾、照料 regardlessof：无论……；vanity：虚荣心；Widow：寡妇Widower、dowager、empress cixi：慈禧；catchup：番茄酱chowmeinkowtowkungfutofu sweatandsourmeat/pork；porkball31：选AQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae（幼虫）.Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought（干旱）intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps（小虾）thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover500Careoftenrecorded.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch（孵化）.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryear,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.21.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?A)Theirlivesarebrief.B)Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C)Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D)Theylaytheireggsinthemud.22.Bysaying"fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime"(Para.3,Lines2)theauthormeans________.A)theyhavetoswimfasttoavoiddangerintherapidlyevaporatinglakeB)theyhavetoswimfasttocatchtheanimalorganismsonwhichtheysurviveC)theyhavetomultiplyasmanyaspossiblewithinthirteendaysD)theyhavetocompletetheirlifecyclewithinashortspanoftimepermittedbytheenvironment23.Thepassagemainlydealswith________.

56A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsC)theimportanceofwatertolifeB)thesurvivalofdesertshrimpsD)lifeintheMojaveDesert24.Theword"dormant"(Para.4,Lines3)mostprobablymeans________.A)inactiveB)strongC)alertD)soft25.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)appearanceandsizearemostimportantforlifetosurviveinthedesertB)aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurviveC)forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdroughtD)somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinextremelyharshconditions注：survive：经历重大灾祸而活下来，不加from24：considerably：大量的Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Opportunitiesforrewardingworkbecomefewerforbothmenandwomenastheygrowolder.Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.Ouryouth-oriented,throw-awaycultureseeslittlevalueinolderpeople.InwriterLilianHellman'swords,theyhave"thewisdomthatcomeswithagethatwecan'tmakeuseof."Unemploymentandeconomicneedforworkishigheramongolderwomen,especiallyminorities,thanamongyoungerwhitewomen.Anationalcouncilreportsthesefindings:Thoughunermployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjob-huntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism（缺勤）,performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillingtolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.Yetmanyolderwomenearnpoorpayandfaceafutureofpovertyintheirretirementyears.When"sexismmeetsageism,povertyisnolongeronthedoorstep—itmovesin,"accordingtoTishsommers,directorofaspecialstudyonolderwomenfortheNationalOrganizationforWomen.Yeta1981reportontheWhiteHouseConferenceonAgingshowsthatasagroup,olderAmericansarethe"wealthiest,bestfed,besthoused,healthiest,mostself-reliantolderpopulationinourhistory."Thisstatementissmallcomforttothoselivingbelowthepovertyline,butitdoesexplodesomeoftheoldtraditionalbeliefsandfears,Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.Theyhavefewrolemodelsbecauseinpreviousgenerationsthelifespanwasmuchshorterandexpectationsoflifewerefewer.Theyareploughingnewground.Employersarebeginningtorecognizethatthematurepersoncanbringagreatdealofstabilityandresponsibilitytoaposition.Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.26.Aftertheageof40,________.A)mostworkersaretiredoftheirpresentjobsB)manyworkerstendtosticktotheirpresentjobsC)peoplefindtheirjobsmorerewardingthanbeforeD)peoplestillwishtohuntformoresuitablejobs27.FromHeilman'sremark,wecanseethat________.A)fullusehasbeenmadeofthewisdomofolderpeople

57B)thewisdomofolderpeopleisnotvaluedbyAmericansocietyC)olderpeoplearenolessintelligentthanyoungpeopleD)thewisdomofolderpeopleisofgreatvaluetoAmericansociety28.TishSommersarguesthat________.A)olderwomenfindithardtoescapepovertyB)olderwomenusuallyperformbetterintheirjobsC)themajorcauseofthepovertyofolderwomenissexismD)morepeoplehavecometobelieveinsexismandageism29.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,itcanbeseenthatolderAmericans________.A)havemorejobopportunitiesthanyoungpeopleB)livebelowthepovertylineC)havenewopportunitiestoremainactiveinsocietyD)nolongerbelieveinthepromiseofahappylifeuponretirement30.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriter________.A)callsattentiontothelivingconditionsofolderAmericansB)believesthatthevalueofolderpeopleisgainingincreasingrecognitionC)attemptstojustifytheyouth-oriented,throw-awaycultureoftheUnitedStatesD)arguespeopleshouldnotretireattheageof65or70注：sexism：性别歧视ageism：年龄歧视；expectationsoflife：预期寿命notanymorethan；morethan:超出；more...than：与其说……不如说…… nomore...than=not...anymorethan:和……一样不26：细节定位题27：nolessthan:和……一样多第三节Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Opportunitiesforrewardingworkbecomefewerforbothmenandwomenastheygrowolder.Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.Ouryouth-oriented,throw-awaycultureseeslittlevalueinolderpeople.InwriterLilianHellman'swords,theyhave"thewisdomthatcomeswithagethatwecan'tmakeuseof."Unemploymentandeconomicneedforworkishigheramongolderwomen,especiallyminorities,thanamongyoungerwhitewomen.Anationalcouncilreportsthesefindings:Thoughunermployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjob-huntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism（缺勤）,performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillingtolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.Yetmanyolderwomenearnpoorpayandfaceafutureofpovertyintheirretirementyears.When"sexismmeetsageism,povertyisnolongeronthedoorstep—itmovesin,"accordingtoTishsommers,directorofaspecialstudyonolderwomenfortheNationalOrganizationforWomen.Yeta1981reportontheWhiteHouseConferenceonAgingshowsthatasagroup,olderAmericansarethe"wealthiest,bestfed,besthoused,healthiest,mostself-reliantolderpopulationinourhistory."Thisstatementissmallcomforttothoselivingbelowthepovertyline,butitdoesexplodesomeoftheoldtraditionalbeliefsandfears,Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.Theyhavefewrolemodels

58becauseinpreviousgenerationsthelifespanwasmuchshorterandexpectationsoflifewerefewer.Theyareploughingnewground.Employersarebeginningtorecognizethatthematurepersoncanbringagreatdealofstabilityandresponsibilitytoaposition.Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.26.Aftertheageof40,________.A)mostworkersaretiredoftheirpresentjobsB)manyworkerstendtosticktotheirpresentjobsC)peoplefindtheirjobsmorerewardingthanbeforeD)peoplestillwishtohuntformoresuitablejobs27.FromHeilman'sremark,wecanseethat________.A)fullusehasbeenmadeofthewisdomofolderpeopleB)thewisdomofolderpeopleisnotvaluedbyAmericansocietyC)olderpeoplearenolessintelligentthanyoungpeopleD)thewisdomofolderpeopleisofgreatvaluetoAmericansociety28.TishSommersarguesthat________.A)olderwomenfindithardtoescapepovertyB)olderwomenusuallyperformbetterintheirjobsC)themajorcauseofthepovertyofolderwomenissexismD)morepeoplehavecometobelieveinsexismandageism29.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,itcanbeseenthatolderAmericans________.A)havemorejobopportunitiesthanyoungpeopleB)livebelowthepovertylineC)havenewopportunitiestoremainactiveinsocietyD)nolongerbelieveinthepromiseofahappylifeuponretirement30.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriter________.A)callsattentiontothelivingconditionsofolderAmericansB)believesthatthevalueofolderpeopleisgainingincreasingrecognitionC)attemptstojustifytheyouth-oriented,throw-awaycultureoftheUnitedStatesD)arguespeopleshouldnotretireattheageof65or70注：sexism：性别歧视ageism：年龄歧视；expectationsoflife：预期寿命notanymorethan；morethan:超出；more...than：与其说……不如说…… nomore...than=not...anymorethan:和……一样不26：细节定位题27：nolessthan:和……一样多Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.Nothingcanexceedthejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisimportanttoyou!Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformationyoucomeacrossaccidentally—orasuddeninsight,fittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.Suchpersonalencountersarethe"payoff"ineducation.Ateachermaydirectyoutolearningandevenencourageyouinit—but

59noteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen.That'suptoyou.Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.Preparingtheresearchpaperisanactiveandindividualprocess,andideallearningprocess.Itprovidesastructurewithinwhichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,thatarebasictoeducation.Buttheresearchpaperalsogivesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,tosuitapieceofworktoyourowninterestsandabilities,toshowotherswhatyoucando.Writingaresearchpaperismorethanjustaclassroomexercise.Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskillsapplicabletobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthefullestsense,adiscovering,aneducation.so,toproduceagoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughlysatisfyingexperience!Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.Toothers,theveryideaofhavingtoworkindependentlyisthreatening.Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxiety,andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome.Instead,consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangiveyou.31.Accordingtothewriter,personaldiscoveries________.A)willgiveoneencouragementanddirectionB)arehelpfulinfindingtherightinformationC)arethemostvaluablepartofone'spersonaleducationD)willhelponetosuccessfullycompleteschoolassignments32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwritingaresearchpapergivesonechances________.A)tofullydevelopone'spersonalabilitiesB)tousetheskillslearntintheclassroomC)toprovethatoneisaproductivewriterD)todemonstratehowwellonecanaccomplishschoolassignment33.Fromthecontext,theword"disconcerting"(Para.3,Line2)mostprobablymeans________.A)misleadingB)embarrassingC)stimulatingD)upsetting34.Thewriterarguesinthepassagethat________.A)oneshouldexplorenewareasinresearchB)oneshouldtrustone'sownabilitytomeetcourserequirementsC)oneshouldconsiderresearchpaperwirtingapleasure,notaburdenD)oneshoulduseallone'sknowledgeandskillswhendoingresearch35.Whatwillprobablyfollowthispassage?A)Howtowritearesearchpaper.B)Theimportanceofresearchineducation.C)Howtomakenewdiscoveriesforoneself.D)Theskillofputtingpiecesofinformationtogether.注：33：upsetting：不安的，令人不安的第四节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

60Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.Nothingcanexceedthejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisimportanttoyou!Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformationyoucomeacrossaccidentally—orasuddeninsight,fittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.Suchpersonalencountersarethe"payoff"ineducation.Ateachermaydirectyoutolearningandevenencourageyouinit—butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen.That'suptoyou.Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.Preparingtheresearchpaperisanactiveandindividualprocess,andideallearningprocess.Itprovidesastructurewithinwhichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,thatarebasictoeducation.Buttheresearchpaperalsogivesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,tosuitapieceofworktoyourowninterestsandabilities,toshowotherswhatyoucando.Writingaresearchpaperismorethanjustaclassroomexercise.Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskillsapplicabletobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthefullestsense,adiscovering,aneducation.so,toproduceagoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughlysatisfyingexperience!Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.Toothers,theveryideaofhavingtoworkindependentlyisthreatening.Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxiety,andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome.Instead,consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangiveyou.31.Accordingtothewriter,personaldiscoveries________.A)willgiveoneencouragementanddirectionB)arehelpfulinfindingtherightinformationC)arethemostvaluablepartofone'spersonaleducationD)willhelponetosuccessfullycompleteschoolassignments32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwritingaresearchpapergivesonechances________.A)tofullydevelopone'spersonalabilitiesB)tousetheskillslearntintheclassroomC)toprovethatoneisaproductivewriterD)todemonstratehowwellonecanaccomplishschoolassignment33.Fromthecontext,theword"disconcerting"(Para.3,Line2)mostprobablymeans________.A)misleadingB)embarrassingC)stimulatingD)upsetting34.Thewriterarguesinthepassagethat________.A)oneshouldexplorenewareasinresearchB)oneshouldtrustone'sownabilitytomeetcourserequirementsC)oneshouldconsiderresearchpaperwirtingapleasure,notaburdenD)oneshoulduseallone'sknowledgeandskillswhendoingresearch35.Whatwillprobablyfollowthispassage?A)Howtowritearesearchpaper.B)Theimportanceofresearchineducation.C)Howtomakenewdiscoveriesforoneself.D)Theskillofputtingpiecesofinformationtogether.注：33：upsetting：不安的，令人不安的

61Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"mastery"—fellingimportantandworthwhile—andthesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"pleasure"—findinglifeenjoyable—arenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenaretold"Youcan'thaveitall."Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:"Youchoseacareer,soyoucan'texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife."or"Youhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren—what'sallthisaboutwantingacareer?"Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-beinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem（自尊）,asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimension,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism（乐观）.Itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignficantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.Awoman'swell-beingisenhanced（增进）whenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles—marriages,motherhood,andemployment—werethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.36.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A)forwomen,asenseof"mastery"ismoreimportantthanasenseof"pleasure"B)forwomen,asenseof"pleasure"ismoreimportantthanasenseof"mastery"C)womencan'thaveasenseof"mastery"andasenseof"pleasure"atthesametimeD)asenseof"mastery"andasenseof"pleasure"arebothindispensabletowomen37.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswomenhavingacareeris________.A)criticalB)positiveC)neutralD)realistic38.Onecanconcludefromthepassagethatifawomantakesonseveralsocialroles,________.A)itwillbeeasierforhertoovercomestressandstrainB)shewillbemoresuccessfulinhercarreerC)herchancesofgettingpromotedwillbegreaterD)herlifewillbericherandmoremeaningful39.Whichofthefollowingcanbeidentifiedasasourceof"pleasure"forwomen?A)Familylife.C)Multiplerolesinsociety.B)Regularemployment.D)Freedomfromanxiety.40.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A)Thewell-beingofCareerWomenC)TwoAspectsofWomen'sWell-BeingB)SourcesofMasteryandPleasureD)MultipleRolesofWomeninsociety注：36：viceversa：反之亦然

6239：critical：非常重大的第九课第一节小结：简答题 一、尽量使用原文的单词、词组、表达法等，不能照搬原文 二、答案能短就短，可以使用单词，也可以使用词组 三、答案不追求过分的完整，只需要写出直接的和题目所要求的信息 四、题目中已有的信息，答案中不需要重复 五、答案不超过10个字，标点符号不能算在内简答题大部分都是细节题作业：第12单元、第17单元、第10单元和第11单元Unit1PartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).JoeTemplershouldhaveknownbetter:afterall,heworksforalargeauto-insurancecompany.Itwon'thurttoleavethekeyinthetruckthisonce,hethought,ashefilledhisgastankataselfservicegasstation.Butmomentslater,ashewaspayingthemoney,hesawthetruckbeingdrivenaway.In1987,1.6millionmotorvehicleswerestolenintheUnitedStates—oneevery20seconds.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,expertspredictannualvehicletheftscouldexceedtwomillionbytheendofthedecade.Vehicletheftisacommonphenomenon,whichhasadirectimpactonoverfourmillionvictimsayear.Thecostisastonishing.Manypoliceofficialsblameprofessionalthievesforthehighvolumeofthefts.Itisamajormoney-makerfororganizedcrime.Typically,stolencarsaretakentopiecesandthepartssoldtoindividuals.Butasmanyas200,000carsaresmuggledoutofthecountryeveryyear.MostgotoLatinAmerica,theMiddleEastandEurope.Onlyabout15percentcartheftsresultinanarrest,becausefewpolicedepartmentsroutinelyconductin-depthauto-investigations.Whenthievesarearrested,judgeswilloftensentencethemtoprobation（缓型）,notimmediatelyputtheminprisonbecausetheprisonsareovercrowdedwithviolentcriminals.OneexceptionisaMichiganprogramthatassigns92policeofficerstoworkfull-timeonthestate's65,000cartheftcasesayear.Since1986,whentheeffortbegan,thestate'sauto-theftratehasfallenfromsecondinthenationtoninth.

63Howcanyouprotectyourcar?Ifyouliveinahigh-theftareaordriveanexpensivemodel,considerasecuritysystem.Itmaycostanywherefrom$25to$1,000.Somesystemsengageautomatically—simplyremovingthekeydisablesthefuelpumpandthestarter.Whencarsareequippedwithsuchsystems,theftsmaydropbyone-third.Insomestates,youmaybeabletouseadevicethattransmitsradiosignals,allowingstolencarstobetrackedbypolice.Questions:（注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。）71.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?____________________________________________________________________________________________________72.WhatdoestheauthorthinkJoeTemplershouldbeblamedfor?____________________________________________________________________________________________________73.HowseriousdidtheauthorpredicttheannualvehicletheftcouldbeintheUnitedStatesin1989?____________________________________________________________________________________________________74.Whatarethetwowaystheivessellthestolencars?____________________________________________________________________________________________________75.Whattypeofsecuritysystemcanhelpthepolcietrackdownastolencar?____________________________________________________________________________________________________注：Itwon'thurttodosth.：做……没损害、没伤害；答案的第1个字母大写73：vehicletheftscouldexceedtwomillion71：Vehicletheft；moneytreecashcow74：sellingthepartstoindividualsorsmugglingthemabroad；代词指代72：Leavinghiskeyinthetruck；fuelpump：燃料泵starter：启动器drop/increaseby第二节Unit1PartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).JoeTemplershouldhaveknownbetter:afterall,heworksforalargeauto-insurancecompany.Itwon'thurttoleavethekeyinthetruckthisonce,hethought,ashefilledhisgastankataselfservicegasstation.Butmomentslater,ashewaspayingthemoney,hesawthetruckbeingdrivenaway.In1987,1.6millionmotorvehicleswerestolenintheUnitedStates—oneevery20seconds.Ifcurrenttrends

64continue,expertspredictannualvehicletheftscouldexceedtwomillionbytheendofthedecade.Vehicletheftisacommonphenomenon,whichhasadirectimpactonoverfourmillionvictimsayear.Thecostisastonishing.Manypoliceofficialsblameprofessionalthievesforthehighvolumeofthefts.Itisamajormoney-makerfororganizedcrime.Typically,stolencarsaretakentopiecesandthepartssoldtoindividuals.Butasmanyas200,000carsaresmuggledoutofthecountryeveryyear.MostgotoLatinAmerica,theMiddleEastandEurope.Onlyabout15percentcartheftsresultinanarrest,becausefewpolicedepartmentsroutinelyconductin-depthauto-investigations.Whenthievesarearrested,judgeswilloftensentencethemtoprobation（缓型）,notimmediatelyputtheminprisonbecausetheprisonsareovercrowdedwithviolentcriminals.OneexceptionisaMichiganprogramthatassigns92policeofficerstoworkfull-timeonthestate's65,000cartheftcasesayear.Since1986,whentheeffortbegan,thestate'sauto-theftratehasfallenfromsecondinthenationtoninth.Howcanyouprotectyourcar?Ifyouliveinahigh-theftareaordriveanexpensivemodel,considerasecuritysystem.Itmaycostanywherefrom$25to$1,000.Somesystemsengageautomatically—simplyremovingthekeydisablesthefuelpumpandthestarter.Whencarsareequippedwithsuchsystems,theftsmaydropbyone-third.Insomestates,youmaybeabletouseadevicethattransmitsradiosignals,allowingstolencarstobetrackedbypolice.Questions:（注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。）71.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?____________________________________________________________________________________________________72.WhatdoestheauthorthinkJoeTemplershouldbeblamedfor?____________________________________________________________________________________________________73.HowseriousdidtheauthorpredicttheannualvehicletheftcouldbeintheUnitedStatesin1989?____________________________________________________________________________________________________74.Whatarethetwowaystheivessellthestolencars?____________________________________________________________________________________________________75.Whattypeofsecuritysystemcanhelpthepolcietrackdownastolencar?____________________________________________________________________________________________________注：Itwon'thurttodosth.：做……没损害、没伤害；答案的第1个字母大写73：vehicletheftscouldexceedtwomillion71：Vehicletheft；moneytreecashcow74：sellingthepartstoindividualsorsmugglingthemabroad；代词指代72：Leavinghiskeyinthetruck；fuelpump：燃料泵starter：启动器drop/increasebyUnit3

65PartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).MostAmericansspendfarmoreoftheirleisuretimewiththemassmediathaninanyotheroccupation.Inaddition,mostofushear,see,orreadsomeofthemediawhileengagedinotheractivities.Thusanextremelylargenumberofourwakinghoursarespentwiththemassmedia.Ofallthemedia,televisionisclearlydominant,withnewspapersaclosesecond,atleastasasourceofnewsandotherinformation.Ourexposuretoallmediaisimportant,however,becauseallofthemcontributematerialsfortheconstructionofthatworldinourheads.Formostpeople,increaseduseofonemediumdoesnotdecreaseuseofanother.Infact,incertaincases,andespeciallyforcertainpurposes,themoreoneusesonemedium,themorelikelyoneistouseothers.Therearevariousfactorsthatcancauseyoutoexposeyourselftothemediaselectively,avoidingmuchofthematerialwithwhichyoudisagree.Someofthatselectiveexposureisprobablyduetothepsychologicalpressureyoufeeltoavoidthediscomfortcausedbyconfrontationwithfactsandideascontrarytoyourbeliefs,attitudes,orbehavior.However,someselectiveexposureisnotduetothepressureforconsistencybuttootherfactors,suchasyourage,education,andeventheareainwhichyouliveandthepeoplewithwhomyouassociate.Quiteadifferentsortoffactorthataffectsyourmediaexperiencesisthesocialcontextofexposure:whetheryouarealoneorwithotherswhenyouareexposedtoamedium;whetheryouareathome,attheoffice,inatheater,andsoon.Thesecontextsareasmuchasapotentialpartofthemessageyouwillformasfilmimagesonthescreenorwordsonthepage.Inaddition,thatsocialcontextaffects—bothdirectlyandindirectly—themediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoubecomeexposed.Newfriendsorcolleaguesgetyouinterestedindifferentthings.Othermembersofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyouwouldnothaveselected,andyoubecomeexposedtoit.Thesevariousfactorshavesomuchinfluenceonyourmediaexposurethatsolittleofthatexposureisplanned.Questions:（注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。）S1.Exposuretoallmediaisimportantandpeoplesometimestendtousemoremediaif____________________________________________________________________________________________________S2.Whyarenewspapersconsideredasanimportantmediumaccordingtothepassage?____________________________________________________________________________________________________S3.Foronereasonoranother,people'sexposuretothemediaisoften____________________________________________________________________________________________________S4.Apartfrompersonalpreferences,whatdeterminesone'schoiceofthemediaandmediacontent?____________________________________________________________________________________________________S5.Thelastsentenceofthepassageindicatesthatone'sexposuretothemediais__________________________________________________

66__________________________________________________第三节简答题全真题ShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).IonceknewadognamedNewtonwhohadauniquesenseofhumour.WheneverItossedoutaFrisbee（飞碟）forhimtochase,he'dtakeoffinhotpursuitbutthenseemtolosetrackofit.Movingbackandforthonlyayardortwofromthetoy,Newtonwouldlookallaround,evenupintothetrees.Heseemedgenuinelypuzzled.Finally,I'dgiveupandheadintothefieldtohelphimout.ButnosoonerwouldIgetwithin10ft.ofhimthanhewouldruninvariablystraightovertotheFrisbee,grabitandstartrunninglikemad,lookingoverhisshoulderwithwhatlookedsuspiciouslylikeagrin.Justabouteverypetownerhasastorylikethisandiseagertoshareitwithanyonewhowilllisten.Onveryshortnotice,TIMEreporterscameupwith25storiesaboutwhateachisconvincedisthesmartestpetintheworld.Amongthem;thecatwhoclosesthedoorbehindhimwhenhegoesintothebathroom;thecatwhousesatoiletinsteadofalitterbox…andflushesitafterward;thedogwhogoeswildwhenheseeshisownerputtingonbluejeansinsteadofadressbecausejeansmeanitistimetoplay;andthecatwhousedtowaitpatientlyatthebusstopeverydayforalittlegirl,thenwalkherthesixblockshome,andsoon.Thesebehavioursarecertainlyclever,butwhatdotheymean?WasNewtonreallydeceiving?Canacatreallydesireprivacyinthetoilet?Inshort,dohouseholdpetsreallyhaveamentalandemotionallife?Theirownersthinkso,butuntilrecently,animalbehaviourexpertswouldhavegonemadonhearingsuchaquestion.Theworstsinintheirmoralvocabularywasanthropomorphism（拟人化）,projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.Adogoracatmightbehaveasifitwereangry,lonely,sad,happyorconfused,butthatwasonlyintheeyeoftheviewer.Whatwasgoingon,theyinsisted,wasthatthedogorcathadbeenconditioned,throughaperhapsunintentionalseriesofpunishmentsandrewards,tobehaveacertainway.Thebehaviourwasamechanicalresultofthetraining.Questions:1.WhatdidNewtonseempuzzledabout?______________________________________________________________________2.WhydoestheauthorsayNewtonhaduniquesenseofhumour?______________________________________________________________________3.WhatmadeitpossiblefortheTIMEreporterstocomeupwithsomanyinterestingstoriesaboutpets?______________________________________________________________________4.Whatbeliefaboutpetbehaviourwasunacceptabletoexpertsofanimalbehaviour?______________________________________________________________________5.Whatistheexplanationofanimal-behaviourexpertsforthe"clever"behaviourofpets?______________________________________________________________________

67注：unique：独特的；takeoff：飞机起飞 inhotpursuit：猛冲过去 Frisbie：人名motherFrisbiemallmothergoose acme:顶点、高峰acne：粉刺 ayard=3英尺yardsellheadinto：朝……走去 nosooner...than；cameupwith：收集到了 litter：垃圾 toilet＝restroomHerlockgoeswild.；block:街区；conditioned：形成条件反射anthropomorphism(拟人化),projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.第四节ShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).IonceknewadognamedNewtonwhohadauniquesenseofhumour.WheneverItossedoutaFrisbee（飞碟）forhimtochase,he'dtakeoffinhotpursuitbutthenseemtolosetrackofit.Movingbackandforthonlyayardortwofromthetoy,Newtonwouldlookallaround,evenupintothetrees.Heseemedgenuinelypuzzled.Finally,I'dgiveupandheadintothefieldtohelphimout.ButnosoonerwouldIgetwithin10ft.ofhimthanhewouldruninvariablystraightovertotheFrisbee,grabitandstartrunninglikemad,lookingoverhisshoulderwithwhatlookedsuspiciouslylikeagrin.Justabouteverypetownerhasastorylikethisandiseagertoshareitwithanyonewhowilllisten.Onveryshortnotice,TIMEreporterscameupwith25storiesaboutwhateachisconvincedisthesmartestpetintheworld.Amongthem;thecatwhoclosesthedoorbehindhimwhenhegoesintothebathroom;thecatwhousesatoiletinsteadofalitterbox…andflushesitafterward;thedogwhogoeswildwhenheseeshisownerputtingonbluejeansinsteadofadressbecausejeansmeanitistimetoplay;andthecatwhousedtowaitpatientlyatthebusstopeverydayforalittlegirl,thenwalkherthesixblockshome,andsoon.Thesebehavioursarecertainlyclever,butwhatdotheymean?WasNewtonreallydeceiving?Canacatreallydesireprivacyinthetoilet?Inshort,dohouseholdpetsreallyhaveamentalandemotionallife?Theirownersthinkso,butuntilrecently,animalbehaviourexpertswouldhavegonemadonhearingsuchaquestion.Theworstsinintheirmoralvocabularywasanthropomorphism（拟人化）,projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.Adogoracatmightbehaveasifitwereangry,lonely,sad,happyorconfused,butthatwasonlyintheeyeoftheviewer.Whatwasgoingon,theyinsisted,wasthatthedogorcathadbeenconditioned,throughaperhapsunintentionalseriesofpunishmentsandrewards,tobehaveacertainway.Thebehaviourwasamechanicalresultofthetraining.Questions:1.WhatdidNewtonseempuzzledabout?

68______________________________________________________________________2.WhydoestheauthorsayNewtonhaduniquesenseofhumour?______________________________________________________________________3.WhatmadeitpossiblefortheTIMEreporterstocomeupwithsomanyinterestingstoriesaboutpets?______________________________________________________________________4.Whatbeliefaboutpetbehaviourwasunacceptabletoexpertsofanimalbehaviour?______________________________________________________________________5.Whatistheexplanationofanimal-behaviourexpertsforthe"clever"behaviourofpets?______________________________________________________________________注：unique：独特的；takeoff：飞机起飞 inhotpursuit：猛冲过去 Frisbie：人名motherFrisbiemallmothergoose acme:顶点、高峰acne：粉刺 ayard=3英尺yardsellheadinto：朝……走去 nosooner...than；cameupwith：收集到了 litter：垃圾 toilet＝restroomHerlockgoeswild.；block:街区；conditioned：形成条件反射anthropomorphism(拟人化),projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated（toourselvesorothers）intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—questions,self-disclosures（自我表露）,andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically（讽刺性地）,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).21.Theword"pinpoint"(para.1,Line3)basicallymeans________.

69A)appreciateB)obtainC)interpretD)identify22.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.B)Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.C)Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.D)Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople'spersonality.23.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger'ssuggestionsthat________.A)Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.B)inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly.C)thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.D)face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson.24.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor'sopinion,are________.A)personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwithB)barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywithC)assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatementsD)thingspeopleshouldguardagainst25.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A)togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasionsB)toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeopleC)tocallthereader'sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople'scharactersD)todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeopleQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuranium（铀）inadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

7026.Thewriter'sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis________.A)indifferentC)favorableB)tolerantD)negative27.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?A)Primitive.C)Exhaustible.B)Cheap.D)Unsafe.28.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause________.A)itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemploymentB)itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolutionC)itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsocietyD)nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?A)Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.B)Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.C)Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.D)Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.30.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto________.A)advancethefinalargumentB)reflectthewriter'sattitudeC)reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughtsD)showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpowerQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas"hard",thesocialsciencesas"soft",andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth'ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe"security"ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimited

71intheextreme.Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighbourasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.31.Theword"paradox"(Para.1,Line1)means"________".A)implicationB)contradictionC)interpretationD)confusion32.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas"hard"andthesocialsciencesas"soft"because________.A)areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciencesB)ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystemsC)ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrectD)wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena33.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause________.A)itisnotbasedonpersonalexperienceB)newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciencesC)itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdataD)therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable34.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause________.A)contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetimeB)newinformationisconstantlycominginC)thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredictD)ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate35.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause________.A)theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevariedB)ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecureC)onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobservedD)fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomyQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Intheearlydaysofnuclearpower,theUnitedStatesmademoneyonit.Buttodayopponentshavesocomplicateditsdevelopmentthatnonuclearplantshavebeenorderedorbuiltherein12years.Thegreatestfearofnuclearpoweropponentshasalwaysbeenareactor"meltdown"（堆内熔化）.Today,thechancesofameltdownthatwouldthreatenU.S.publichealthareverylittle.Buttoevenfurtherreducethepossibility,engineersaretestingnewreactorsthatrelynotonhumanjudgementtoshutthemdownbutonthelawsofnature.NowGeneralElectricisalreadybuildingtwoadvancedreactorsinJapan.Butdon'texpectthemeveronU.S.shoresunlessthingschangeinWashington.Theprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsisabaddream.Anytimeduring,orevenafter,construction,anobjectionbyanygrouporindividualcanbringeverythingtoahaltwhilethematterisinvestigatedortakentocourt.Meanwhile,thebuildermustaddnice-but-not-necessaryimprovements,someofwhichforcehimtoknockdownwallsandstartover.Ineverycasewhereaplanthasbeenopposed,theNuclearRegulationCommissionhasultimatelygrantedalicensetoconstructoroperate.Butthevictoryoftencostssomuchthattheutilityendsupabandoningtheplantanyway.

72AcaseinpointistheShorehamplantonNewYork'sLongIsland.ShorehamwasavirtualtwintotheMillstoneplantinConnecticut,bothorderedinthemid-'60s.Millstone,completedfor$101million,hasbeengeneratingelectricityfortwodecades.Shoreham,however,wassingledoutbyanti-nuclearactivistswho,bysendinginendlessprotests,drovethecostover$5billionanddelayeditsuseformanyyears.Shorehamfinallywonitsoperationlicense.Buttheplanthasneverproducedawattofpower.GovernorMarioCuomo,anopponentofaShorehamstart-up,usedhispowertoforceNewYork'spublic-utilitiescommissiontoacceptthefollowingsettlement:thepowercompanycouldpassthecostofShorehamalongtoitsconsumersonlyifitagreednottooperatetheplant!Today,aperfectlygoodfacility,capableofservicinghundredsthousandsofhomes,sitsrusting.36.Whathasmadetheprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsabaddream?A)TheinefficiencyoftheNuclearRegulationcommission.B)Theenormouscostofconstructionandoperation.C)Thelengthoftimeittakestomakeinvestigations.D)Theobjectionoftheopponentsofnuclearpower.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that________.A)itisnottechnicaldifficultiesthatpreventthebuildingofnuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.B)therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresintheU.S.forrunningnewnuclearpowerplantsC)therearealreadymorenuclearpowerplantsthannecessaryintheU.S.D)theAmericangovernmentwillnotallowjapanesenuclearteactorstobeinstalledintheU.S.38.Anyobjection,howevertrivialitmaybe,can________.A)forcethepowercompaniestocanceltheprojectB)delaytheconstructionoroperationofanuclearplantC)causeaseriousdebatewithintheNuclearRegulationCommissionD)takethebuilderstocourt39.GovernorMario'schiefintentioninproposingthesettlementwasto________.A)stoptheShorehamplantfromgoingintooperationB)helpthepowercompanytosolveitsfinancialproblemsC)urgethepowercompanytofurtherincreaseitspowersupplyD)permittheshorehamplanttooperateundercertainconditions40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofnuclearpoweris________.A)negativeB)neutralC)positiveD)questioning第十课时第一节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Intheearlydaysofnuclearpower,theUnitedStatesmademoneyonit.Buttodayopponentshavesocomplicateditsdevelopmentthatnonuclearplantshavebeenorderedorbuiltherein12years.Thegreatestfearofnuclearpoweropponentshasalwaysbeenareactor"meltdown"（堆内熔化）.Today,thechancesofameltdownthatwouldthreatenU.S.publichealthareverylittle.Buttoevenfurtherreducethepossibility,engineersaretestingnewreactorsthatrelynotonhumanjudgementtoshutthemdownbutonthelaws

73ofnature.NowGeneralElectricisalreadybuildingtwoadvancedreactorsinJapan.Butdon'texpectthemeveronU.S.shoresunlessthingschangeinWashington.Theprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsisabaddream.Anytimeduring,orevenafter,construction,anobjectionbyanygrouporindividualcanbringeverythingtoahaltwhilethematterisinvestigatedortakentocourt.Meanwhile,thebuildermustaddnice-but-not-necessaryimprovements,someofwhichforcehimtoknockdownwallsandstartover.Ineverycasewhereaplanthasbeenopposed,theNuclearRegulationCommissionhasultimatelygrantedalicensetoconstructoroperate.Butthevictoryoftencostssomuchthattheutilityendsupabandoningtheplantanyway.AcaseinpointistheShorehamplantonNewYork'sLongIsland.ShorehamwasavirtualtwintotheMillstoneplantinConnecticut,bothorderedinthemid-'60s.Millstone,completedfor$101million,hasbeengeneratingelectricityfortwodecades.Shoreham,however,wassingledoutbyanti-nuclearactivistswho,bysendinginendlessprotests,drovethecostover$5billionanddelayeditsuseformanyyears.Shorehamfinallywonitsoperationlicense.Buttheplanthasneverproducedawattofpower.GovernorMarioCuomo,anopponentofaShorehamstart-up,usedhispowertoforceNewYork'spublic-utilitiescommissiontoacceptthefollowingsettlement:thepowercompanycouldpassthecostofShorehamalongtoitsconsumersonlyifitagreednottooperatetheplant!Today,aperfectlygoodfacility,capableofservicinghundredsthousandsofhomes,sitsrusting.36.Whathasmadetheprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsabaddream?A)TheinefficiencyoftheNuclearRegulationcommission.B)Theenormouscostofconstructionandoperation.C)Thelengthoftimeittakestomakeinvestigations.D)Theobjectionoftheopponentsofnuclearpower.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that________.A)itisnottechnicaldifficultiesthatpreventthebuildingofnuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.B)therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresintheU.S.forrunningnewnuclearpowerplantsC)therearealreadymorenuclearpowerplantsthannecessaryintheU.S.D)theAmericangovernmentwillnotallowjapanesenuclearteactorstobeinstalledintheU.S.38.Anyobjection,howevertrivialitmaybe,can________.A)forcethepowercompaniestocanceltheprojectB)delaytheconstructionoroperationofanuclearplantC)causeaseriousdebatewithintheNuclearRegulationCommissionD)takethebuilderstocourt39.GovernorMario'schiefintentioninproposingthesettlementwasto________.A)stoptheShorehamplantfromgoingintooperationB)helpthepowercompanytosolveitsfinancialproblemsC)urgethepowercompanytofurtherincreaseitspowersupplyD)permittheshorehamplanttooperateundercertainconditions40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofnuclearpoweris________.A)negativeB)neutralC)positiveD)questioning注：nuclearpoweropponents：核能反对者第二节

74Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuranium（铀）inadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.26.Thewriter'sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis________.A)indifferentC)favorableB)tolerantD)negative27.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?A)Primitive.C)Exhaustible.B)Cheap.D)Unsafe.28.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause________.A)itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemploymentB)itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolutionC)itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsocietyD)nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?A)Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.B)Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.C)Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.D)Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.30.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto________.A)advancethefinalargumentB)reflectthewriter'sattitudeC)reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughtsD)showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

75注：cannotdowithout：没有...不行的；economical：经济的safetyprovisions：安全措施；afford：可以跟时间However后面的话把核能存在的前提否定掉了，也表明作者态度态度：支持的……反对的……作者态度Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated（toourselvesorothers）intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—questions,self-disclosures（自我表露）,andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically（讽刺性地）,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).21.Theword"pinpoint"(para.1,Line3)basicallymeans________.A)appreciateB)obtainC)interpretD)identify22.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.B)Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.C)Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.D)Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople'spersonality.23.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger'ssuggestionsthat________.A)Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.B)inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly.C)thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.D)face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson.24.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor'sopinion,are________.A)personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwithB)barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywithC)assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatements

76D)thingspeopleshouldguardagainst25.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A)togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasionsB)toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeopleC)tocallthereader'sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople'scharactersD)todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople注：21：1.通过句子之间的关系和其他句子中的核心词找出同义的表达 2.通过构词法22：突出递进关系词的重要性25：cold：冷静的calm：厚颜无耻的，冷静，沉着；cool23：thebest：最高层次的、绝对的一类；列举都是并列的24：getintheway：挡路、挡道；bejustasimportantasthosethings第三节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated（toourselvesorothers）intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—questions,self-disclosures（自我表露）,andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically（讽刺性地）,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).21.Theword"pinpoint"(para.1,Line3)basicallymeans________.A)appreciateB)obtainC)interpretD)identify22.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.B)Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.C)Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.D)Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople'spersonality.

7723.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger'ssuggestionsthat________.A)Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.B)inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly.C)thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.D)face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson.24.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor'sopinion,are________.A)personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwithB)barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywithC)assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatementsD)thingspeopleshouldguardagainst25.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A)togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasionsB)toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeopleC)tocallthereader'sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople'scharactersD)todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople注：21：1.通过句子之间的关系和其他句子中的核心词找出同义的表达 2.通过构词法22：突出递进关系词的重要性25：cold：冷静的calm：厚颜无耻的，冷静，沉着；cool23：thebest：最高层次的、绝对的一类；列举都是并列的24：getintheway：挡路、挡道；bejustasimportantasthosethingsItisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas"hard",thesocialsciencesas"soft",andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.31.Theword"paradox"(Para.1,Line1)means"____" A)implicationB)contradiction C)interpretationD)confusion第四节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated（toourselvesorothers）intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabout

78himorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—questions,self-disclosures（自我表露）,andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically（讽刺性地）,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).21.Theword"pinpoint"(para.1,Line3)basicallymeans________.A)appreciateB)obtainC)interpretD)identify22.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.B)Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.C)Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.D)Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople'spersonality.23.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger'ssuggestionsthat________.A)Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.B)inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly.C)thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.D)face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson.24.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor'sopinion,are________.A)personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwithB)barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywithC)assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatementsD)thingspeopleshouldguardagainst25.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A)togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasionsB)toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeopleC)tocallthereader'sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople'scharactersD)todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople注：21：1.通过句子之间的关系和其他句子中的核心词找出同义的表达 2.通过构词法22：突出递进关系词的重要性25：cold：冷静的calm：厚颜无耻的，冷静，沉着；cool23：thebest：最高层次的、绝对的一类；列举都是并列的24：getintheway：挡路、挡道；bejustasimportantasthosethingsItisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas"hard",thesocialsciencesas"soft",andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeof

79physicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.31.Theword"paradox"(Para.1,Line1)means"____" A)implicationB)contradiction C)interpretationD)confusion Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitors'rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorcompetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremaincompetitive.AppleComputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonalcomputers,theMackintoshIIandMackintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple'smajorcompetitors.Apple'snewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.TheimprovedMackintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBM-compatible（兼容的）programs.Thiscompatibilityfeatureillustratescomputermanufacturers'newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MakingApplecomputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple'seffortatmakingtheMackintoshcompatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales.UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessories（附件）tomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.Thenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.Companyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputer.Applewantstostayinthehigh-priceendofthepersonalcomputermarkettofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedcomputers.EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorcompetitors,bothcompaniesrealizethattheircompetitor'scomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics（图形）,whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwocompanies'products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.26.Accordingtothepassage,AppleComputer,Inc,hasintroducedtheMackintoshIIandtheMackintoshSEbecause________.A)IBMischangingitscomputermodelscontinuouslyB)itwantstomakeitsmachinesspecializeinspecificusesC)itwantstostayaheadofIBMinthecompetitivecomputermarketD)itexpectsitsmajorcompetitorIBMtofollowitsexample27.ApplehopestoincreaseMackintoshsaleschieflyby________.A)makingitsnewmodelscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareB)improvingthecolorgraphicsofitsnewmodelsC)copyingthemarketingstrategiesofIBMD)givingthecustomerswhattheywant28.Applesellsitsnewcomputermodelsatahighpricebecause________.

80A)theyhavenewfeaturesandfunctionsB)theyaremoresophisticatedthanothermodelsC)theyhavenewaccessoriesattachedD)itwantstoaccumulatefundsforfutureresearch29.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbothAppleandIBMtrytogainacompetitiveadvantageby________.A)copyingeachother'stechnologyB)incorporatingfeaturesthatmaketheirproductsdistinctiveC)makingtheircomputersmoreexpensiveD)makingtheircomputersrunmuchfaster30.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A)Apple'sEffortstoStayAheadofIBMC)Apple'sNewpersonalComputersB)Apple'sNewComputerTechnologyD)Apple'sResearchActivities注：26：inanticipationof：预期、预测到……；Adam'sapple：喉结throatjawchinfinance：为……提供资金；bepopularfor：因……而受到欢迎第十一课第一节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One'sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon'tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.Un-American,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔诚）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup—collegestudents,perhaps,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmanagers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual'saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire（追求）tomanagerialpositionsdonot

81getonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.21.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager________.A)aperson'spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuchB)aperson'soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualificationC)womenshouldalwaysdressfashionablyD)womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded22.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat________.A)peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone'sbestB)womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwellC)good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositionsD)attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot23.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattuibrtes________.A)theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deepB)theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupportC)theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratingsD)theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual'saccomplishments24."Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen"(Line1,Para.5)meansthat________.A)attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobsB)good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverythingC)beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen.D)attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld________.A)handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenareB)physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewellC)physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewellD)goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen注：allthat：那么，如此；assetsandliabilities：（本义）资产与负债；Looks：容貌；catchsb.doingsth.；accomplishments：成就IlivebytheheadoftheLongriver. You,mylove,atitsend. Ithinkofyoudayandnight,butIcannotseeyou. Yetonthesamedrinkingsourcewedepend. Hecancharmthebirdsfromthetrees.21：conception:观念、认识23：Yousaythatitisun-American,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Hercharmswouldhavemadefishsinkandwildgeesefallfromthesky,andherbeautyputthemoonandflowerstoshame.Whatispoetry?Poetryiswhatislostintranslation.24：Lesbos->lesbian；gay/guy；inbusinessworld/fieldintermsof：就……而言；modest：谦虚的，适当的/不太大的literature=materials，材料；geton：发迹第二节

82Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One'sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon'tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.Un-American,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔诚）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup—collegestudents,perhaps,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmanagers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual'saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire（追求）tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.21.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager________.A)aperson'spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuchB)aperson'soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualificationC)womenshouldalwaysdressfashionablyD)womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded22.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat________.A)peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone'sbestB)womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwellC)good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositionsD)attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot23.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattuibrtes________.A)theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deepB)theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupportC)theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratingsD)theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual'saccomplishments24."Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen"(Line1,Para.5)meansthat________.A)attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobsB)good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverythingC)beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen.

83D)attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld________.A)handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenareB)physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewellC)physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewellD)goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen注：allthat：那么，如此；assetsandliabilities：（本义）资产与负债；Looks：容貌；catchsb.doingsth.；accomplishments：成就IlivebytheheadoftheLongriver. You,mylove,atitsend. Ithinkofyoudayandnight,butIcannotseeyou. Yetonthesamedrinkingsourcewedepend. Hecancharmthebirdsfromthetrees.21：conception:观念、认识23：Yousaythatitisun-American,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Hercharmswouldhavemadefishsinkandwildgeesefallfromthesky,andherbeautyputthemoonandflowerstoshame.Whatispoetry?Poetryiswhatislostintranslation.24：Lesbos->lesbian；gay/guy；inbusinessworld/fieldintermsof：就……而言；modest：谦虚的，适当的/不太大的literature=materials，材料；geton：发迹Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Notcontentwithitsdoubtfulclaimtoproducecheapfoodforourownpopulation,thefactoryfarmingindustryalsoarguesthat"hungrynationsarebenefitingfromadvancesmadebythepoultry（家禽）industry".Infact,ratherthanhelpingthefightagainstmalnutrition（营养不良）in"hungrynations",thespreadoffactoryfarminghas,inevitablyaggravatedtheproblem.Large-scaleintensivemeatandpoultryproductionisawasteoffoodresources.Thisisbecausemoreproteinhastobefedtoanimalsintheformofvegetablematterthancaneverberecoveredintheformofmeat.Muchofthefoodvalueislostintheanimal'sprocessofdigestionandcellreplacement.Neither,inthecaseofchicken,canoneeatfeathers,blood,feetorhead.Inall,onlyabout44%oftheliveanimalfitstobeeatenasmeat.Thismeansonehastofeedapproximately9-10timesasmuchfoodvaluetotheanimalthanonecanconsumefromthecarcass.Asasystemforfeedingthehungry,theeffectscanprovedisastrous.Attimesofcrisis,grainisthefoodoflife.Nevertheless,thehugeincreaseinpoultryproductionthroughoutAsiaandAfricacontinues.NormallyBritishorUSfirmsareinvolved.Forinstance,anAmericanbasedmultinationalcompanyhasthisyearannounceditsinvolvementinprojectsinseveralAfricancountries.Britain'slargestsupplierschickens,RossBreeders,arealsoinvolvedinprojectsallovertheworld.Becausesuchtradeisgoodforexports,Westerngovernmentsencourgeit.In1979,afirminBangladeshcalledPhoenixPoultryreceivedagranttosetupaunitof6,000chickensand18,000layinghens.Thisalmostdoubledthenumberofpoultrykeptinthecountryallatonce.ButBangladeshlackscapital,energyandfoodandhaslargenumbersofunemployed.Suchchicken-raising

84demandscapitalforbuildingandmachinery.extensiveuseofenergyresourcesforautomation,andinvolvesfeedingchickenswithpotentialfamine-reliefproteinfood.Atpresent,oneofBangladesh'smainimportsisfoodgrains,becausethecountryisunabletogrowenoughfoodtofeeditspopulation.Onwhatthencantheypossiblyfeedthechicken?26.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat________.A)efficiencymustberaisedinthepoultryindustryB)raisingpoultrycanprovidemoreproteinthangrowinggrainC)factoryfarmingwilldomoreharmthangoodtodevelopingcountriesD)hungrynationsmaybenefitfromthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustry27.Accordingtotheauthor,infactoryfarming,vegetablefood________.A)iseasyforchickenstodigestB)isinsufficientfortheneedsofpoultryC)isfullyutilisedinmeatandeggproductionD)isinefficientlyconvertedintomeatandeggs28.WesterngovernmentsencouragethepoultryindustryinAsiabecausetheyregarditasaneffectivewayto________.A)boosttheirownexportsB)alleviatemalnutritioninAsiancountriesC)createjobopportunitiesinAsiancountriesD)promotetheexportsofAsiancountries29.Theword"carcass"(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"________".A)vegetablespreservedforfutureuseB)thedeadbodyofananimalreadytobecutintomeatC)expensivefoodthatconsumerscanhardlyaffordD)meatcannedforfutureconsumption30.Whatthelastparagraphtellsusistheauthor's________.A)detailedanalysisofthewaysofraisingpoultryinBangladeshB)greatappreciationofthedevelopmentofpoultryindustryinBangladeshC)criticalviewonthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustryinBangladeshD)practicalsuggestionfortheimprovementofthepoultryindustryinBangladesh注：Asamatteroffact；Itistruethat...；Itisnaturalthat...；aggravated：使恶化paradoxical:矛盾的；atonce.：立刻26：phoenix：凤凰，长生鸟；yangandyin所有的书名要斜体，不能斜体划一横杠dragon；麒麟：qilin,unicorn（独角兽）30：critical：重要的，重大的第三节Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Notcontentwithitsdoubtfulclaimtoproducecheapfoodforourownpopulation,thefactoryfarmingindustryalsoarguesthat"hungrynationsarebenefitingfromadvancesmadebythepoultry（家禽）industry".Infact,ratherthanhelpingthefightagainstmalnutrition（营养不良）in"hungrynations",thespreadoffactoryfarminghas,inevitablyaggravatedtheproblem.

85Large-scaleintensivemeatandpoultryproductionisawasteoffoodresources.Thisisbecausemoreproteinhastobefedtoanimalsintheformofvegetablematterthancaneverberecoveredintheformofmeat.Muchofthefoodvalueislostintheanimal'sprocessofdigestionandcellreplacement.Neither,inthecaseofchicken,canoneeatfeathers,blood,feetorhead.Inall,onlyabout44%oftheliveanimalfitstobeeatenasmeat.Thismeansonehastofeedapproximately9-10timesasmuchfoodvaluetotheanimalthanonecanconsumefromthecarcass.Asasystemforfeedingthehungry,theeffectscanprovedisastrous.Attimesofcrisis,grainisthefoodoflife.Nevertheless,thehugeincreaseinpoultryproductionthroughoutAsiaandAfricacontinues.NormallyBritishorUSfirmsareinvolved.Forinstance,anAmericanbasedmultinationalcompanyhasthisyearannounceditsinvolvementinprojectsinseveralAfricancountries.Britain'slargestsupplierschickens,RossBreeders,arealsoinvolvedinprojectsallovertheworld.Becausesuchtradeisgoodforexports,Westerngovernmentsencourgeit.In1979,afirminBangladeshcalledPhoenixPoultryreceivedagranttosetupaunitof6,000chickensand18,000layinghens.Thisalmostdoubledthenumberofpoultrykeptinthecountryallatonce.ButBangladeshlackscapital,energyandfoodandhaslargenumbersofunemployed.Suchchicken-raisingdemandscapitalforbuildingandmachinery.extensiveuseofenergyresourcesforautomation,andinvolvesfeedingchickenswithpotentialfamine-reliefproteinfood.Atpresent,oneofBangladesh'smainimportsisfoodgrains,becausethecountryisunabletogrowenoughfoodtofeeditspopulation.Onwhatthencantheypossiblyfeedthechicken?26.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat________.A)efficiencymustberaisedinthepoultryindustryB)raisingpoultrycanprovidemoreproteinthangrowinggrainC)factoryfarmingwilldomoreharmthangoodtodevelopingcountriesD)hungrynationsmaybenefitfromthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustry27.Accordingtotheauthor,infactoryfarming,vegetablefood________.A)iseasyforchickenstodigestB)isinsufficientfortheneedsofpoultryC)isfullyutilisedinmeatandeggproductionD)isinefficientlyconvertedintomeatandeggs28.WesterngovernmentsencouragethepoultryindustryinAsiabecausetheyregarditasaneffectivewayto________.A)boosttheirownexportsB)alleviatemalnutritioninAsiancountriesC)createjobopportunitiesinAsiancountriesD)promotetheexportsofAsiancountries29.Theword"carcass"(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"________".A)vegetablespreservedforfutureuseB)thedeadbodyofananimalreadytobecutintomeatC)expensivefoodthatconsumerscanhardlyaffordD)meatcannedforfutureconsumption30.Whatthelastparagraphtellsusistheauthor's________.A)detailedanalysisofthewaysofraisingpoultryinBangladeshB)greatappreciationofthedevelopmentofpoultryindustryinBangladesh

86C)criticalviewonthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustryinBangladeshD)practicalsuggestionfortheimprovementofthepoultryindustryinBangladesh注：Asamatteroffact；Itistruethat...；Itisnaturalthat...；aggravated：使恶化paradoxical:矛盾的；atonce.：立刻26：phoenix：凤凰，长生鸟；yangandyin所有的书名要斜体，不能斜体划一横杠dragon；麒麟：qilin,unicorn（独角兽）30：critical：重要的，重大的Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsaliva（唾液）slows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide（硫化物）.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic"morningbreath".Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit'snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople'sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon'tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus（粘液）.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.31.Thephrase"emanatefrom"inParagraph1mostprobablymeans"________".A)thriveonB)accountforC)originatefromD)descendfrom32.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?A)Toothtrouble.C)Toomuchexercise.B)Sulfur-richfood.D)Mentalstrain.33.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause________.A)itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducingB)itssmelladdstobadbreath

87C)itkillssomehelpfulbacteriaD)itaffectsthenoumalflowofsaliva34.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause________.A)theycan'tmaskthebadodorlongenoughB)theycan'tgettoalltheoffendingbacteriaC)theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworseD)theycan'tcoverthethicklayersofmucus35.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.A)offensivebreathcan'teasilybecuredB)elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreathC)heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreathD)offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcoho注：31：accountfor/originatefrom AaccountsforBA->原因，B->结果 AoriginatesfromBA->结果，B->原因descendfrom：从……降下来32：gaintheupperhand：占上风；sweets:糖35：在列举时，列举项之间没有主次之分第四节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsaliva（唾液）slows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide（硫化物）.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic"morningbreath".Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit'snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople'sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbad

88breath.Thetroubleis,theydon'tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus（粘液）.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.31.Thephrase"emanatefrom"inParagraph1mostprobablymeans"________".A)thriveonB)accountforC)originatefromD)descendfrom32.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?A)Toothtrouble.C)Toomuchexercise.B)Sulfur-richfood.D)Mentalstrain.33.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause________.A)itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducingB)itssmelladdstobadbreathC)itkillssomehelpfulbacteriaD)itaffectsthenoumalflowofsaliva34.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause________.A)theycan'tmaskthebadodorlongenoughB)theycan'tgettoalltheoffendingbacteriaC)theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworseD)theycan'tcoverthethicklayersofmucus35.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.A)offensivebreathcan'teasilybecuredB)elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreathC)heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreathD)offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcoho注：31：accountfor/originatefrom AaccountsforBA->原因，B->结果 AoriginatesfromBA->结果，B->原因descendfrom：从……降下来32：gaintheupperhand：占上风；sweets:糖35：在列举时，列举项之间没有主次之分Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity（紧缩）programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1930s.In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.PresidentHoover'ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.Oneofthefirstmeasures

89proposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation'ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid（杂交）grain,andfertilizers.21.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?A)TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.B)Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.C)ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.D)TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.22.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas________.A)toincreasefarmproductionB)toestablishagriculturallawsC)topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptD)topromotethemechanizationofagriculture23.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto________.A)reducetheirscaleofproductionB)makefulluseoftheirlandC)adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsD)beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction24.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct________.A)mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsB)didn'tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerC)wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersD)benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers25.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat________.A)reducingthecostoffarmingB)conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationC)loweringtheburdenoffarmersD)helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers注：22：commitment=greateffort:巨大的努力23：volunteer：志愿者；voluntary=自愿的24：unconstitutional=违宪的25：beintheinterestof:符合......的利益

90第十二课第一节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity（紧缩）programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1930s.In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.PresidentHoover'ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation'ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid（杂交）grain,andfertilizers.21.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?A)TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.B)Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.C)ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.D)TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.22.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas________.A)toincreasefarmproductionB)toestablishagriculturallawsC)topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptD)topromotethemechanizationofagriculture23.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto________.A)reducetheirscaleofproductionB)makefulluseoftheirlandC)adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsD)beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction24.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct________.A)mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproducts

91B)didn'tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerC)wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersD)benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers25.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat________.A)reducingthecostoffarmingB)conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationC)loweringtheburdenoffarmersD)helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers注：22：commitment=greateffort:巨大的努力23：volunteer：志愿者；voluntary=自愿的24：unconstitutional=违宪的25：beintheinterestof:符合......的利益Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Reebokexecutivesdonotliketohearstylishathleticshoescalled"footwearforyuppies（雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士）".TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments.Especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics（健身操）orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket（高档消费人群的）retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany'sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofshoesitsdistributors(andthenumberofsuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReeboksexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcrazereplacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.36.OnereasonwhyReebok'smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalled"footwearforyuppies"isthat________.A)theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB)newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC)"yuppies"usuallyevokesanegativeimageD)thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices

9237.Reebok'sviewthat"consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution"(Line5,para.2)impliesthat________.A)thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB)thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC)thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit.D)consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores38.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause________.A)itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB)toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC)thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarketD)itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts39.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it________.A)doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB)stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC)isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD)stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts40.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike'sdistributionproblems?A)Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B)Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C)Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D)Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.注：reebok:南非的短脚小羚羊；stylish：时髦的；appealto：对……有吸引力nowthat：既然；boots远足靴；high-performance=highqualityoutofnecessity：出于……需要yuppie/yippie/woopie/hippiehippie：嬉皮士；yuppie：雅皮士；yippie：易皮士；woopie：富裕老人 hippie：典型->颓废派青年yuppie/yippie/woopie/hippie yuppie：少壮高薪职业人士(youngurbanprofessionalperson) yippie：国际青年党(youthinternationalparty) woopie(well-offolderperson)五经：fiveclassics 《易经》：thebookofchanges 《诗经》：thebookofsongs 《礼记》：therites 《书经》：collectionofancienttexts 《春秋》：thespringandautumnannals 四书：fourbooks 《大学》：thegreatlearning《论语》：theanalectsofConfucius 《中庸》：thedoctrineofthemean《孟子》：Mencius39：undercontrol:得到解决；beselectiveabout:对……苛刻；beparticularabout:对……苛刻 38：fallshort：不足，少于

9340：diversification：产品多样化；misjudged：错误判断unload：卸下来；inventories：库存商品；discount：v.给……打折第二节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Reebokexecutivesdonotliketohearstylishathleticshoescalled"footwearforyuppies（雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士）".TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments.Especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics（健身操）orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket（高档消费人群的）retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany'sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofshoesitsdistributors(andthenumberofsuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReeboksexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcrazereplacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.36.OnereasonwhyReebok'smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalled"footwearforyuppies"isthat________.A)theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB)newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC)"yuppies"usuallyevokesanegativeimageD)thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices37.Reebok'sviewthat"consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution"(Line5,para.2)impliesthat________.A)thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB)thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC)thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit.D)consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores38.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause________.A)itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB)toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC)thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket

94D)itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts39.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it________.A)doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB)stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC)isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD)stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts40.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike'sdistributionproblems?A)Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B)Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C)Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D)Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.注：reebok:南非的短脚小羚羊；stylish：时髦的；appealto：对……有吸引力nowthat：既然；boots远足靴；high-performance=highqualityoutofnecessity：出于……需要yuppie/yippie/woopie/hippiehippie：嬉皮士；yuppie：雅皮士；yippie：易皮士；woopie：富裕老人 hippie：典型->颓废派青年yuppie/yippie/woopie/hippie yuppie：少壮高薪职业人士(youngurbanprofessionalperson) yippie：国际青年党(youthinternationalparty) woopie(well-offolderperson)五经：fiveclassics 《易经》：thebookofchanges 《诗经》：thebookofsongs 《礼记》：therites 《书经》：collectionofancienttexts 《春秋》：thespringandautumnannals 四书：fourbooks 《大学》：thegreatlearning《论语》：theanalectsofConfucius 《中庸》：thedoctrineofthemean《孟子》：Mencius39：undercontrol:得到解决；beselectiveabout:对……苛刻；beparticularabout:对……苛刻 38：fallshort：不足，少于40：diversification：产品多样化；misjudged：错误判断unload：卸下来；inventories：库存商品；discount：v.给……打折第三节五经：fiveclassics 《易经》：thebookofchanges 《诗经》：thebookofsongs 《礼记》：therites 《书经》：collectionofancienttexts 《春秋》：thespringandautumnannals 四书：four

95books 《大学》：thegreatlearning《论语》：theanalectsofConfucius 《中庸》：thedoctrineofthemean《孟子》：Mencius39：undercontrol:得到解决；beselectiveabout:对……苛刻；beparticularabout:对……苛刻 38：fallshort：不足，少于40：diversification：产品多样化；misjudged：错误判断unload：卸下来；inventories：库存商品；discount：v.给……打折Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:CarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalftheurbanpollutionandonefourththegreenhouse（温室）gases.Theytakeasimilartollof（损耗）resourcesinotherindustrialnationsandinthecitiesofthedevelopingworld.Asvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecomingdecade,theU.S.andothercountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissuesorelsefaceunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthatothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimaticchange.Policymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuse,increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticulartheintroductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.Forexample,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostofsocialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworldsuggeststhatitisverydifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transitridershipandcarpooling（合伙用车）havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninwesternEurope,withfuelpricesaveragingmorethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)andwitheasilyaccessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80percentofallpassengertravel.Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotivefueleconomyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuelssuchasnaturalgas,burnedininternal-combustionengines,couldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadtoonlymarginalreductionsinpollutionandgreenhouseemissions(especiallybecauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarseveryyeartododeveloplesspollutiontypesofgasoline.)31.Fromthepassageweknowthattheincreaseduseofcarswill________.A)consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworldB)haveseriousconsequencesforthewell-beingofallnationsC)widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountriesD)imposeanintolerableeconomicburdenonresidentsoflargecities32.TheU.S.hastodealwiththeproblemsarisingfromvehicleusebecause________.A)mostAmericansarereluctanttoswitchtopublictransportationsystemsB)thepresentlevelofoilpricesisconsideredunacceptableC)othercountrieswillprotestitsincreasinggreenhouseemissionsD)itshouldtakealeadinconservingnaturalresources33.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontotheproblemsmentionedinthepassage?A)Thedesigningofhighlyefficientcarengines.B)Areductionofvehicleuseincities.

96C)Thedevelopmentofelectriccars.D)Theuseoflesspollutingfuels.34.Whichofthefollowingispracticalbutonlymakesamarginalcontributiontosolvingtheproblemofgreenhouseemissions?A)Theuseoffuelsotherthangasoline.B)Improvedenergyefficiency.C)Theintroductionoflesspollutingdrivingsystems.D)Reducingcarusebycarpooling.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A)ThedeclineofpublictransportationaccountsforincreasedcaruseinwesternEurope.B)CarsarepopularinwesternEuropeeventhoughfuelpricesarefairlyhigh.C)ThereductionofvehicleuseistheonlysustainableoptionindenselypopulatedwesternEurope.D)WesternEuropeanoilcompaniescannotsustainthecostofdevelopingnew-typefuels.注：contributeto：贡献（中性词）；Smokingcontributestolungcancer.switchto；turnto；shiftto；mass-transit：公共交通系统ahostof：一系列；aseriesof；anumberof；combustion：燃烧，极端愤怒；骚乱第四节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:CarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalftheurbanpollutionandonefourththegreenhouse（温室）gases.Theytakeasimilartollof（损耗）resourcesinotherindustrialnationsandinthecitiesofthedevelopingworld.Asvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecomingdecade,theU.S.andothercountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissuesorelsefaceunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthatothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimaticchange.Policymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuse,increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticulartheintroductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.Forexample,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostofsocialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworldsuggeststhatitisverydifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transitridershipandcarpooling（合伙用车）havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninwesternEurope,withfuelpricesaveragingmorethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)andwitheasilyaccessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80percentofallpassengertravel.Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotivefueleconomyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuelssuchasnaturalgas,burnedininternal-combustionengines,couldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadtoonlymarginalreductionsinpollutionandgreenhouseemissions(especiallybecauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarseveryyeartododeveloplesspollutiontypesofgasoline.)31.Fromthepassageweknowthattheincreaseduseofcarswill________.A)consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworld

97B)haveseriousconsequencesforthewell-beingofallnationsC)widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountriesD)imposeanintolerableeconomicburdenonresidentsoflargecities32.TheU.S.hastodealwiththeproblemsarisingfromvehicleusebecause________.A)mostAmericansarereluctanttoswitchtopublictransportationsystemsB)thepresentlevelofoilpricesisconsideredunacceptableC)othercountrieswillprotestitsincreasinggreenhouseemissionsD)itshouldtakealeadinconservingnaturalresources33.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontotheproblemsmentionedinthepassage?A)Thedesigningofhighlyefficientcarengines.B)Areductionofvehicleuseincities.C)Thedevelopmentofelectriccars.D)Theuseoflesspollutingfuels.34.Whichofthefollowingispracticalbutonlymakesamarginalcontributiontosolvingtheproblemofgreenhouseemissions?A)Theuseoffuelsotherthangasoline.B)Improvedenergyefficiency.C)Theintroductionoflesspollutingdrivingsystems.D)Reducingcarusebycarpooling.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A)ThedeclineofpublictransportationaccountsforincreasedcaruseinwesternEurope.B)CarsarepopularinwesternEuropeeventhoughfuelpricesarefairlyhigh.C)ThereductionofvehicleuseistheonlysustainableoptionindenselypopulatedwesternEurope.D)WesternEuropeanoilcompaniescannotsustainthecostofdevelopingnew-typefuels.注：contributeto：贡献（中性词）；Smokingcontributestolungcancer.switchto；turnto；shiftto；mass-transit：公共交通系统ahostof：一系列；aseriesof；anumberof；combustion：燃烧，极端愤怒；骚乱Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhonot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewholetheirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well—authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairy.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureafearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two—headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,

98Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowwhattoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirlfriend.Nofairyeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.36.Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis________.A)repeatedwithoutvariationC)adaptedbytheparentB)treatedwithreverenceD)setinthepresent37.Somepeopledislikestoriesbecausetheyfeeltheystories________.A)temptpeopletobecrueltochildrenB)showtheprimitivecrueltyinchildrenC)lendthemselvestoundesirableexperimentswithchildrenD)increaseatendencytosadisminchildren38.Fairystoriesareameansbywhichchildren'simpulsesmaybe________.A)beneficiallychannelledC)heldbackuntilmaturityB)givenadestructivetendencyD)effectivelysuppressed39.Accordingtothepassagegreatfearcanbestimulatedinchildwhenthestoryis________.A)inarealisticsettingC)repeatedtoooftenB)heardforthefirsttimeD)dramaticallytold40.Theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit________.A)makesthemcometotermswiththeirfearsB)developstheirpowerofmemoryC)convincesthemthereisnothingtobeafraidofD)Encouragesthemnottohaveridiculousbeliefs注：asarule：一般来讲；sacred：神圣的；sadistic：施虐倾向；charge：指控Aggressive：侵略性人格；onthewhole：整体而言；sadisticimpulses：排遣well-authenticated：很好得到证实的；turn...into...：转变；witches：巫婆wizard:男巫；adapt...to...：适应；broomstick：扫帚把；enchanted：被施魔法sane：神智清醒的；insane:神智不清的38：verbaldischarge第十三课第一节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:"WelcometotheU.S.A.!MajorCreditcardsaccepted!"Bythemillionstheyarecomingnolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasseslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy."Wedon'thaveabudget,"saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity'sSouthStreet."Wejustuseourcreditcards."TheU.S.haslongbeenoneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.FirsttherewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheU.S.dollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheU.S.,stilltheworld'ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobethe

99world'sbargainbasement（廉价商品部）.NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailprices—anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia—haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That'supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.True,noteveryonecomesjustforbargains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandU.S.televisionseries.ButshoppingtheU.S.A.isprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge（无节制）hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulfountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.TheU.S.hascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theU.S.needsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheU.S.staylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravellerversustheAmericans'fournightsand$298.36.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher________.A)arereluctanttocarrycashwiththemB)simplydon'tcarehowmuchtheyspendC)arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditureD)oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford37.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat________.A)itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheU.S.B)itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheU.S.C)tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheU.S.dollarthatyearD)touristscametotheU.S.forsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear38.Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Line4,Para.3),theauthormeansthat________.A)noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproductsB)nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommoditiesC)nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoodsD)noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethatAmerica39.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingtoforeigners?A)BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.B)Becausetheyrepresenttheworld'slatestfashions.C)Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.D)Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.40.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheU.S.hascometorealize________.A)theweakeningiftheU.S.dollarcanresultintradedeficitsB)thelowertheretailprices,thegreatertheprofitsC)tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomyD)visitorstotheU.S.arewealthierthanU.S.touristsabroad第二节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:"WelcometotheU.S.A.!MajorCreditcardsaccepted!"

100Bythemillionstheyarecomingnolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasseslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy."Wedon'thaveabudget,"saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity'sSouthStreet."Wejustuseourcreditcards."TheU.S.haslongbeenoneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.FirsttherewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheU.S.dollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheU.S.,stilltheworld'ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld'sbargainbasement（廉价商品部）.NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailprices—anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia—haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That'supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.True,noteveryonecomesjustforbargains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandU.S.televisionseries.ButshoppingtheU.S.A.isprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge（无节制）hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulfountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.TheU.S.hascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theU.S.needsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheU.S.staylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravellerversustheAmericans'fournightsand$298.36.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher________.A)arereluctanttocarrycashwiththemB)simplydon'tcarehowmuchtheyspendC)arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditureD)oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford37.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat________.A)itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheU.S.B)itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheU.S.C)tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheU.S.dollarthatyearD)touristscametotheU.S.forsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear38.Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Line4,Para.3),theauthormeansthat________.A)noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproductsB)nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommoditiesC)nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoodsD)noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethatAmerica39.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingtoforeigners?A)BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.B)Becausetheyrepresenttheworld'slatestfashions.C)Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.D)Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.40.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheU.S.hascometorealize________.A)theweakeningiftheU.S.dollarcanresultintradedeficitsB)thelowertheretailprices,thegreatertheprofits

101C)tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomyD)visitorstotheU.S.arewealthierthanU.S.touristsabroadQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,mood,andsocialoutlook.Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienated（疏远……）byayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits（套装）,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof"masculine"and"feminine"attributestheyshouldconveybetheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless"feminine"grooming（打扮）—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,"Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon'tgetajob.”31.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress________.A)providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofusB)indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareerC)hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardusD)isofparticularimportancewhenwegetoninage32.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan________.A)changepeople'sconservativeattitudestowardstheirlifestylesB)helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesexC)makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarketD)helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships33.Theword"precedent"(Line1,Para.4)probablyrefersto________.A)earlyactsformentofollowasexamplesB)particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportanceC)thingsthatmenshouldagreeuponD)men'sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided34.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause________.

102A)thevarietyoftheprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochooseB)womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodelsC)menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositionsD)theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Dressingforeffect.C)Managerialpositionsandclothing.B)Howtodressappropriately.D)Dressingfortheoccasion.第三节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,mood,andsocialoutlook.Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienated（疏远……）byayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits（套装）,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof"masculine"and"feminine"attributestheyshouldconveybetheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless"feminine"grooming（打扮）—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,"Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon'tgetajob.”31.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress________.A)providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofusB)indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareerC)hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardusD)isofparticularimportancewhenwegetoninage32.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan________.A)changepeople'sconservativeattitudestowardstheirlifestylesB)helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesexC)makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarketD)helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships

10333.Theword"precedent"(Line1,Para.4)probablyrefersto________.A)earlyactsformentofollowasexamplesB)particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportanceC)thingsthatmenshouldagreeuponD)men'sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided34.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause________.A)thevarietyoftheprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochooseB)womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodelsC)menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositionsD)theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Dressingforeffect.C)Managerialpositionsandclothing.B)Howtodressappropriately.D)Dressingfortheoccasion.Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone'sexperienceintheorganization.ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,Coca-Cola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe'sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon'tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoredependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales（障眼物）havedroppedfromtheireyes."Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,"saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-basedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues."Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you'llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion."sheadds,"Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey'vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown（使……不突出）theirvisibility."Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.36.Accordingtothepassage,"thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid"(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto"________".A)criticismsthatshapeeveryone'sexperienceB)theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsC)thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeD)theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization37.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.A)letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareB)projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou

104C)workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsD)performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors38.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.A)knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionB)wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsC)don'twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorD)believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor39.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman'sbeliefsare________.A)biasedC)insightfulB)popularD)superficial40.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.A)RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementB)TheImportanceofBeingVisibleC)JobPerformanceandAdvancementD)SexandCareerSuccess注：38：playdowntheirvisibility低调；applepolisher：拍马屁的人36：novel新颖的第四节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone'sexperienceintheorganization.ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,Coca-Cola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe'sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon'tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoredependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales（障眼物）havedroppedfromtheireyes."Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,"saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-basedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues."Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you'llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion."sheadds,"Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey'vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown（使……不突出）theirvisibility."Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.36.Accordingtothepassage,"thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid"(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto"________".A)criticismsthatshapeeveryone'sexperience

105B)theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsC)thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeD)theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization37.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.A)letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareB)projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyouC)workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsD)performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors38.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.A)knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionB)wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsC)don'twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorD)believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor39.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman'sbeliefsare________.A)biasedC)insightfulB)popularD)superficial40.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.A)RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementB)TheImportanceofBeingVisibleC)JobPerformanceandAdvancementD)SexandCareerSuccess注：38：playdowntheirvisibility低调；applepolisher：拍马屁的人36：novel新颖的Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.It'seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmaybethevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.Forexample,acertainkeypunch（键盘打孔）operatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoff（向……透露）thecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhe

106juggled（耍弄）themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany'sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.21.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A)itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestodayB)computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutionsC)computercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan'tbedetectedD)peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany22.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat________.A)manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscoveredB)therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblemC)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimesD)mostcomputercriminalswhoarecaughtblametheirbadluck23.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?A)Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.B)Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.C)Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.D)Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.24.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?A)Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.B)Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.C)Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.D)Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.25.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A)whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspectionsB)howcomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishmentC)howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationfromtheirformeremployersD)whycomputercrimescan'tbeeliminated注：23：hesitateabout/at犹豫第十四课第一节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptive（欺骗性的）packagingrumpus（喧嚣）startedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweightfrom12to101/2ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelvebiscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,theSenatorrightlycomplainedofastore-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almostasmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthe

107quantitydeliveredcan,withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,two-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstore（杂货店）andsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizesandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametime,and,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsizeandshapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct'smarketposition.Whenapackagingexpertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from$1to$2.50bychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-onucebottlelookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbeaveryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydoescomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout$200ayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jarsandothercontainers,mostofwhichcan'tbeusedforanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.21.WhatstartedthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpus?A)Consumers'complaintsaboutthechangesinpackagesize.B)Asenator'sdiscoveryofthetricksinpackaging.C)Expensivepackagingforpoorqualityproducts.D)Theriseintheunitpriceformanyproducts.22.Theword"undue"(Line2,Para.2)means"________".A)improperC)excessiveB)adequateD)unexpected23.Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinpackagesize,mainlybecause________.A)theunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresultB)theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwithC)theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizesD)thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging24.Accordingtothispassage,varioustypesofpackagingcomeintoexistenceto________.A)meettheneedsofconsumersB)suitallkindsofproductsC)introducenewproductsD)enhancethemarketpositionofproducts25.Theauthoriscriticalmainlyof________.A)inferiorpackagingC)thechangesinpackagesizeB)dishonestpackagingD)exaggeratedillustrationsonpackages注：24：Diseasecomesbypoundandgoesbyounce.Cokerefreshesyoulikenoothercan.；AskforMore.；TheuniquespiritofCanada.Applying...dayandnightmakesyourskincarearealdelight.25：mysweet我的小甜甜；mycookiewithoutunduehardship不需要过多的麻烦第二节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

108ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptive（欺骗性的）packagingrumpus（喧嚣）startedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweightfrom12to101/2ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelvebiscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,theSenatorrightlycomplainedofastore-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almostasmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,two-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstore（杂货店）andsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizesandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametime,and,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsizeandshapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct'smarketposition.Whenapackagingexpertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from$1to$2.50bychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-onucebottlelookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbeaveryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydoescomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout$200ayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jarsandothercontainers,mostofwhichcan'tbeusedforanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.21.WhatstartedthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpus?A)Consumers'complaintsaboutthechangesinpackagesize.B)Asenator'sdiscoveryofthetricksinpackaging.C)Expensivepackagingforpoorqualityproducts.D)Theriseintheunitpriceformanyproducts.22.Theword"undue"(Line2,Para.2)means"________".A)improperC)excessiveB)adequateD)unexpected23.Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinpackagesize,mainlybecause________.A)theunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresultB)theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwithC)theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizesD)thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging24.Accordingtothispassage,varioustypesofpackagingcomeintoexistenceto________.A)meettheneedsofconsumersB)suitallkindsofproductsC)introducenewproductsD)enhancethemarketpositionofproducts25.Theauthoriscriticalmainlyof________.A)inferiorpackagingC)thechangesinpackagesizeB)dishonestpackagingD)exaggeratedillustrationsonpackages注：24：Diseasecomesbypoundandgoesbyounce.

109Cokerefreshesyoulikenoothercan.；AskforMore.；TheuniquespiritofCanada.Applying...dayandnightmakesyourskincarearealdelight.25：mysweet我的小甜甜；mycookiewithoutunduehardship不需要过多的麻烦Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject（研究对象）.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjusingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesus（耶稣）foundintheBibleareinthisclass.Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the"unauthorized"characterisationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell"the"storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.31.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho________.A)possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubjectB)isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywritingC)isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivityD)knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim32.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat________.A)biographiescanservedifferentpurposesB)biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'livesC)thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfiguresD)thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?A)Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.B)Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.C)Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.D)Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.34.Anunauthorisedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause________.

110A)itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividlyB)itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsidersC)itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelifeD)itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofsubject'scharacter35.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson________.A)thesecretofabiographertowinmorereadersB)thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjobC)thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiographyD)thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies注：withrespectto关于......方面；inrelation/refrencetobythesametoken：同样的；atanyrate：无论如何第三节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject（研究对象）.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjusingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesus（耶稣）foundintheBibleareinthisclass.Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the"unauthorized"characterisationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell"the"storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.31.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho________.A)possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubjectB)isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywritingC)isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivityD)knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim32.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat________.A)biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

111B)biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'livesC)thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfiguresD)thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?A)Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.B)Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.C)Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.D)Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.34.Anunauthorisedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause________.A)itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividlyB)itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsidersC)itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelifeD)itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofsubject'scharacter35.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson________.A)thesecretofabiographertowinmorereadersB)thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjobC)thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiographyD)thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies注：withrespectto关于......方面；inrelation/refrencetobythesametoken：同样的；atanyrate：无论如何Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they'renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation;themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwhitelogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神经的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence."peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors,"heexplains."Butit'snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves."Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain'scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingthe

112processesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.26.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday________.A)arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobjectB)areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehaviorC)arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50'sD)stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage27.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom________.A)theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjectsB)thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprogramsC)theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchildD)theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells28.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto________.A)findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputersB)buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesC)findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnatureD)separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthrough29.What'stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?A)Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.B)It'sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.C)It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.D)Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.30.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase"theonlygameintown"(Line3,Para.4)?A)Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.B)Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.C)Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.D)Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.第四节Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they'renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation;themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwhitelogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

113Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神经的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence."peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors,"heexplains."Butit'snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves."Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain'scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.26.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday________.A)arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobjectB)areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehaviorC)arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50'sD)stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage27.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom________.A)theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjectsB)thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprogramsC)theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchildD)theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells28.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto________.A)findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputersB)buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesC)findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnatureD)separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthrough29.What'stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?A)Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.B)It'sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.C)It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.D)Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.30.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase"theonlygameintown"(Line3,Para.4)?A)Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.B)Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.C)Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.D)Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.第十五课第一节总结前几次课的内容： 先记几篇典型的以细节对位为主的文章： （1）Unit1第6页的文章； （2）Unit17

114第95页的文章； （3）Unit7第35页的文章。 以典型的因果关系为主的文章：Unit3第14页的文章。 典型的态度题的文章：Unit10第55页的文章。 列举题的题型有两种：（1）长句列举；Unit6第30页的文章。 （2）简单的词或词组的列举。 Unit12第65页的文章，68页的文章。 考查方式：（1）which单独考查其中一个列举内容； （2）except综合起来考，整体考查所有的列举项。 19页22题，16页33题。文章十大命题原则： 1.列举处常考；找重点的核心的表示数据的词； some、afew、anumberof、avarietyof 2.转折处和强对比处常考；（1）时间对比； （2）确定和不确定的对照； （3）完成的和没完成的对比； Unit1796页文章 3.例子常考；（错误的，不必记） 4.数字和年代常考；文章中涉及的数字、年代和日期要重点看。 notonly...butalso...castbothways 5.最高级和绝对性的词汇常考； must、all、only、anyone、always、never、best6.专有名词常考；专有名词的突出特点：大写。 7.隐蔽处常考；（不必记）（1）同位语；（2）插入语；（3）定语； （4）长句的后半句；（5）副词； （6）不定式。 8.因果关系常考；because、becauseof、since、for、as、thus、 therefore、so、consequently cause、leadto、bringabout、contributeto、 giveriseto、resultin、basedon、 accountfor、resultfrom、originatefrom、 thanksto、asaresultof、 withtheresultthat、onthegroundsthat第二节文章十大命题原则： 1.列举处常考；找重点的核心的表示数据的词；

115some、afew、anumberof、avarietyof 2.转折处和强对比处常考；（1）时间对比； （2）确定和不确定的对照； （3）完成的和没完成的对比； Unit1796页文章 3.例子常考；（错误的，不必记） 4.数字和年代常考；文章中涉及的数字、年代和日期要重点看。 notonly...butalso...castbothways 5.最高级和绝对性的词汇常考； must、all、only、anyone、always、never、best6.专有名词常考；专有名词的突出特点：大写。 7.隐蔽处常考；（不必记）（1）同位语；（2）插入语；（3）定语； （4）长句的后半句；（5）副词； （6）不定式。 8.因果关系常考；because、becauseof、since、for、as、thus、 therefore、so、consequently cause、leadto、bringabout、contributeto、 giveriseto、resultin、basedon、 accountfor、resultfrom、originatefrom、 thanksto、asaresultof、 withtheresultthat、onthegroundsthatQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain;informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.The

116abilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.21.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat________.A)theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforceB)manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasingC)peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactoriesD)mostofthejobopportunitescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry22.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat________.A)thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificantB)people'straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrueC)mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobsD)peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime23.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeanstosaythat________.A)peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnologyB)futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutinconceivabledramaticchangesC)theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlookedD)computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservices24.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho________.A)possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformationB)givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialC)involvethemselvesinserviceindustriesD)casttheirmindsaheadinsteadoflookingback25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A)ComputersandtheKnowledgeSocietyB)ServiceIndustriesinModernSocietyC)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEraD)RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology注：21：做实验是结果重要，过程部分很快跨过去，可以节省时间。radicaladj.根本的,彻底的23：naturestudy；naturalscience； Theydonotexistnaturally.Theydonotexistinnaturalworld.第三节Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,

117becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain;informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.21.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat________.A)theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforceB)manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasingC)peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactoriesD)mostofthejobopportunitescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry22.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat________.A)thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificantB)people'straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrueC)mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobsD)peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime23.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeanstosaythat________.A)peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnologyB)futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutinconceivabledramaticchangesC)theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlookedD)computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservices24.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho________.A)possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformationB)givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialC)involvethemselvesinserviceindustriesD)casttheirmindsaheadinsteadoflookingback25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A)ComputersandtheKnowledgeSocietyB)ServiceIndustriesinModernSocietyC)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEraD)RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology注：21：做实验是结果重要，过程部分很快跨过去，可以节省时间。radicaladj.根本的,彻底的23：naturestudy；naturalscience； Theydonotexistnaturally.Theydonotexistinnaturalworld.

118Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（诊断）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.31.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.A)generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalismB)importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewingC)conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewingD)personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews32.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral________.A)sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthenedB)thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattentionC)butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglectedD)andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing33.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,________.A)butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromitB)andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomedayC)andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofitD)butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson34.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?A)Thepatient.C)Thejournalist.B)Thephysician.D)Thepsychologist.35.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof________.

119A)anewsarticleC)aresearchreportB)ajournalisticinterviewD)apreface注：printandbroadcastjournalist报刊和广播部门的新闻记者journalism报章杂志；broadcastinghandbooks广播手册；reportingtext新闻报道professionalpractice行家的经验；learnedadj.有学问的,学术上的 sword剑；vineyardn.葡萄园；theoretical理论的empiricaladj.实践的byvirtueofadv.凭借，由于；evensoconj.虽然如此答案：31-35：BCDAD34：clinical诊所；clinicalinterview看病；interviewee被采访者35：preface前言第四节Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（诊断）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.31.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.A)generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalismB)importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewingC)conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewingD)personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews32.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral________.

120A)sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthenedB)thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattentionC)butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglectedD)andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing33.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,________.A)butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromitB)andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomedayC)andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofitD)butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson34.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?A)Thepatient.C)Thejournalist.B)Thephysician.D)Thepsychologist.35.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof________.A)anewsarticleC)aresearchreportB)ajournalisticinterviewD)apreface注：printandbroadcastjournalist报刊和广播部门的新闻记者journalism报章杂志；broadcastinghandbooks广播手册；reportingtext新闻报道professionalpractice行家的经验；learnedadj.有学问的,学术上的 sword剑；vineyardn.葡萄园；theoretical理论的empiricaladj.实践的byvirtueofadv.凭借，由于；evensoconj.虽然如此答案：31-35：BCDAD34：clinical诊所；clinicalinterview看病；interviewee被采访者35：preface前言第十六课第一节Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantagein

121traditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired.Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,"saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.26.Theword"liability"(Para.1,Line5)mostprobablymeans"________."A)misfortuneC)disadvantageB)instabilityD)burden27.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness________.A)reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredB)makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableC)isofprimaryimportancetowomenD)oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly28.Bowman'sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness________.A)turnsouttobeanobstacletomenB)affectsmenandwomenalikeC)hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenD)ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften________.A)practicalC)old-fashionedB)prejudicedD)radical30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.A)discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveB)giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveC)demandequalrightsforwomenD)emphasizetheimportanceofappearance注：26题选C27题选A28题选D29：old-fashioned守旧的；practical实际的；radical激进的，极端的第二节Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywere

122thoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired.Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,"saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.26.Theword"liability"(Para.1,Line5)mostprobablymeans"________."A)misfortuneC)disadvantageB)instabilityD)burden27.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness________.A)reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredB)makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableC)isofprimaryimportancetowomenD)oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly28.Bowman'sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness________.A)turnsouttobeanobstacletomenB)affectsmenandwomenalikeC)hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenD)ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften________.A)practicalC)old-fashionedB)prejudicedD)radical30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.A)discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveB)giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveC)demandequalrightsforwomenD)emphasizetheimportanceofappearance注：26题选C27题选A28题选D29：old-fashioned守旧的；practical实际的；radical激进的，极端的Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

123Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaborious（费力的）andthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident—themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemaketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical（新古典主义）modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.36.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat________.A)itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationB)theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyC)itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomeD)themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttoprocesses37.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage________.A)sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomyB)themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyC)producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptableD)whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant38.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace________.A)aswageearnersC)bothasworkersandpurchasersB)bothasmanufacturersandconsumersD)ascustomers39.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause________.A)thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionB)itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemC)itcouldnotsupplythembyitselfD)themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited40.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage________.A)thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyoronthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservicesB)manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplace

124C)consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomyD)thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace注：36-40题也是核心内容，分两个阶段： （1）市场能生产的东西，家庭也能生产； （2）市场能生产的东西，家庭不能生产；36：withrespectto至于，关于；laborious费力的；troublesome棘手的第三节Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaborious（费力的）andthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident—themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemaketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical（新古典主义）modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.36.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat________.A)itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationB)theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyC)itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomeD)themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttoprocesses37.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage________.A)sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomyB)themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyC)producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptableD)whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant38.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace________.A)aswageearnersC)bothasworkersandpurchasers

125B)bothasmanufacturersandconsumersD)ascustomers39.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause________.A)thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionB)itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemC)itcouldnotsupplythembyitselfD)themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited40.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage________.A)thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyoronthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservicesB)manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplaceC)consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomyD)thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace注：36-40题也是核心内容，分两个阶段： （1）市场能生产的东西，家庭也能生产； （2）市场能生产的东西，家庭不能生产；36：withrespectto至于，关于；laborious费力的；troublesome棘手的Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit—ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical（愤世嫉谷的）.26.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause________.A)hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals

126B)hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdoC)hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommittedD)hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals27.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?A)DangerousB)DemandingC)DistressingD)Dramatic28.Accordingtothepassage,policemanspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts________.A)patrollingthestreet,rainorshineC)collectingandprovidingevidenceB)trackingandarrestingcriminalsD)consultingtherulesoflaw29.What'sthepoliceman'sbiggestheadache?A)Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.B)Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.C)Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases.D)Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.30.Whydopolicemanfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?A)Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.B)Becausetheyfindpeopleinsinceretothem.C)Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.D)Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.注：26题选D27题选B28题选C29题选A30题选Bresemblancen.类同之处；onone'sfeet即兴的，临时的simple-mindedness头脑简单的；reform改过自新27：distressingadj.悲伤的,使痛苦的,使烦恼的；demandingadj.过分要求的,苛求的26：criminallaw刑法；civillaw民法第四节Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthem

127havetobreaktherulesinsmallways.Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit—ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical（愤世嫉谷的）.26.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause________.A)hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminalsB)hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdoC)hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommittedD)hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals27.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?A)DangerousB)DemandingC)DistressingD)Dramatic28.Accordingtothepassage,policemanspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts________.A)patrollingthestreet,rainorshineC)collectingandprovidingevidenceB)trackingandarrestingcriminalsD)consultingtherulesoflaw29.What'sthepoliceman'sbiggestheadache?A)Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.B)Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.C)Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases.D)Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.30.Whydopolicemanfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?A)Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.B)Becausetheyfindpeopleinsinceretothem.C)Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.D)Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.注：26题选D27题选B28题选C29题选A30题选Bresemblancen.类同之处；onone'sfeet即兴的，临时的simple-mindedness头脑简单的；reform改过自新27：distressingadj.悲伤的,使痛苦的,使烦恼的；demandingadj.过分要求的,苛求的26：criminallaw刑法；civillaw民法Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

128Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristine（未受外界影响的）eyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobingshecannotgobehindthesestereotypes（固定的模式）;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiessocialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thefigure（这种比喻）becomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.36.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat________.A)customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehaviorB)thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustomC)peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlookD)customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?A)Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.B)Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingsofagroupofpeople.C)Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.D)Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.38.Theword"custom"inthispassagemostprobablymeans________.A)theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasocietyB)theindependentlydevelopedsocialordersC)theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironmentD)thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity39.Accordingtothepassage,aperson'slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath,________.A)isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeopleB)ispredominatedbytraditionalcustomC)iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunitiesD)ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim40.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.A)tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustomsB)tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividualC)toexaminetheinteractionofmanandsocialcustomsD)toshowman'sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms注：behindbars关在监牢里；asoveragainst与……形成鲜明对照 isastheproportionof和……的比例是一样的inallseriousness庄重地，十分认真地,，非常严肃地