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大学英语六级阅读训练10套 1.“Colorbar”inthefirstparagraphcomesclosestinmeaningto___. A.abarwhichispaintedindifferentcolors. B.thefactthatwhiteandblackcustomersareservedseparately. C.abarofchocolatehavingdifferentcolors. D.acounterwherepeopleofdifferentcolorsareservedwithbeer. 2.Thewriterwas，atthetimeofthestory，___. A.ablackschoolteacher B.anAfricanservant C.ablack，butafriendofEuropeans D.arichblack 3.Themanagerofthedrugstoreshoutedatthewriterinabastardlanguagebecause___. A.hehadn'tlearnedtospeakpoliteEnglish.B.hethoughtthewriterwouldn'tunderstandEnglish. C.thatwastheusuallanguageusedbyEuropeanswhenspeakingtoAfricans. D.thatwastheonlylanguagehecouldspeakwhenhewasangry. 4.Inthethirdparagraph，“hewasoneoftheoldschool”means___. A.hebelievedintheage-oldpracticeofracialdiscrimination. B.hewasaveryoldman. C.hegraduatedfromanold，conservativeschool. D.hewasinchargeofanoldschool. 5.Whydidn'tthewriterwaitatthewindowofthedrugstorelikeotherblackAfrican？ A.Becausehethoughthewaseducatedandshouldbetreateddifferently. B.Becausehethought，beinganimportantperson，heshouldnotbekeptwaiting. C.Becausehethoughthiswhitefriendswouldhelphimout. D.Becausehewantedtoprotestagainstracialdiscrimination.答案：ＢＡＣＡＤLookatthekeyboardofanystandardtypewriterorcomputer."Q,""W,""E,""R,""T"and"Y"arethefirstsixletters.Whodecidedonthisarrangementoftheletters?Andwhy? Peopletriedforcenturiestoinventthetypewriter.In1714inEngland,HenryMillfiledapatentforamachinecalledAnArtificialMachineorMethodfortheImpressingorTranscribingofLetters,SinglyorProgressivelyoneafteranother,asinWriting,wherebyallWritingwhatsoevermaybeEngrossedinPaperorParchmentsoNeatandExactasnottobedistinguishedfromPrint.Thatmachineprobablydidn'tsellbecausenoonecouldrememberitsname! ThefirstpracticaltypewriterwaspatentedintheUnitedStatesin1868byChristopherLathamSholes.Hismachinewasknownasthetype-writer.Ithadamovablecarriage,
1aleverforturningpaperfromlinetoline,andakeyboardonwhichtheletterswerearrangedinalphabeticalorder. ButSholeshadaproblem.Onhisfirstmodel,his"ABC"keyarrangementcausedthekeystojamwhenthetypistworkedquickly.Sholesdidn'tknowhowtokeepthekeysfromsticking,sohissolutionwastokeepthetypistfromtypingtoofast.Sholesaskedhisbrother-in-lawtorearrangethekeyboardsothatthecommonestletterswerenotsoclosetogetherandthetypebarswouldcomefromoppositedirections.Thustheywouldnotclashtogetherandjamthemachine.ThenewarrangementwastheQWERTYarrangementtypistsusetoday.Ofcourse,Sholesclaimedthatthenewarrangementwasscientificandwouldaddspeedandefficiency.Theonlyefficiencyitaddedwastoslowthetypistdown,sincealmostanywordintheEnglishlanguagerequiredthetypist'sfingerstocovermoredistanceonthekeyboard. Theadvantagesofthetypewriteroutweighedthedisadvantagesofthekeyboard.Typistsmemorizedthecrazyletterarrangement,andthetypewriterbecameahugesuccess.Bythetimetypistshadmemorizedthenewarrangementoflettersandbuilttheirspeed,typewritertechnologyhadimproved,andthekeysdidn'tstickasbadlyastheyhadatfirst. 1.Weknowfromthepassagethattheinventorofthefirstpracticaltypewriteris_____. A.HenryMill B.ChristopherLathamSholes C.Sholes'brother-in-law D.AllbertEinstein 2.TheauthorthinksthemachineinventedbyHenryMillcouldnotbesoldbecause_____. A.itwasdifficultforpeopletoacceptnewthings B.thereweregreatdisadvantagesofthekeyboard C.themachinecouldnotbedistinguishedfromprint D.thenameofthemachinewastoolong 3.SholesdecidedtheQWERTYarrangementofthekeyboardinorderto_____. A.arrangethelettersinalphabetical
2order B.causethekeystojamwhenthetypistworkedquickly C.solvetheproblemofthekeysjamming D.competewith"ABC"keyarrangement 4.ItisinferredthattheQWERTYarrangementofthekeyboard__. A.isthemostscientificarrangement B.addsspeedandefficiencyoftypists C.keepsthetypistfromtypingtoofast D.iseasyfortypiststomemorize 5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage? A.TheArrangementofTheLettersonKeyboard B.TheStoryofChristopherLathamSholes C.HowtoInventTheTypewriter D.TheFirstPracticalTypewriter参考答案：BDCCA AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorsconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed. “Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways.”Hesaid. Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingsandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults. Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,notingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished. Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.
3Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations. 1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor_____. A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients C.determiningtreatmentforSARS D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS 2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause_____. A.patientswereindifferentcountries B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations 3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth_______. A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm 4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause_____. A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot 5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage? A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS C.SARSWillReturnOneDay D.HealthPanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS参考答案: B D A B DInrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies（文选）andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmericansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents;non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelooking
4forwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition. Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.SuchworkswouldenablestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses(andprofessorsinrelatedfields)tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough（费力的阅读冗长或艰深的材料）mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,givensuchworks.AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoacquireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial. 1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______. A.respondingtoacriticism B.describingacourseofstudy C.discussingaproblem D.evaluatingapastcourseofaction 2.The“dilemma”(Line2,Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha______. A.lackofacceptablealternatives B.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternatives C.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogood D.multitudeofdifferentalternatives 3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare_____ A.primarysourcematerials B.introductorytexts C.excellentanthologies D.referencematerials 4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago? A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchcourseswasextremelylimited B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtotheminsuchcourses D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources 5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmericanscouldresultin______. A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheir
5field B.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudies C.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandculture D.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsianAmericanstudies参考答案：CDDA DAsyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition（营养不良）. In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplight（困境）werevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich. In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid. Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,
6clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries. 1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause______. A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar 2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto_______. A.inadequatefeeding B.malnutrition C.unemployment D.automation 3.Theauthoruse”thedisplaced”(Line9,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare_______. A.unemployed B.disabled C.sick D.poor 4.Theword“eligible”(Line6,Para.3)issynonymouswith“_______” A.necessary B.urgent C.needed D.worthy 5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,_____. A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S. D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.参考答案：BC A DDAsyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition（营养不良）. In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;
7thecausesoftheirplight（困境）werevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich. In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid. Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries. 1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause______. A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar 2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto_______. A.inadequatefeeding B.
8malnutrition C.unemployment D.automation 3.Theauthoruse”thedisplaced”(Line9,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare_______. A.unemployed B.disabled C.sick D.poor 4.Theword“eligible”(Line6,Para.3)issynonymouswith“_______” A.necessary B.urgent C.needed D.worthy 5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,_____. A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S. D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline. 参考答案：BCADDFeministsociolinguists(社会语言学家),overthecourseofthelastfewdecades,haveconductedstudiesthattheybelievesupporttheconclusionthatwomenareroutinelydiscriminatedagainstinEndlish-speakingsociety.Theypointtothewordsusedtodescribewomen,aswellasthewordsusedtodescribesocietyasawhole,asindicationsthattheEnglishlanguage,andthereforetheEnglish-speakingculture,isslantedtowardstheadvantageofmales. ThewordsusedtodescribewomenareusedasinstrumentbyfeministsociolinguiststodenoteaninherentsexismintheEnglishlanguage.Wordpairssuchasmasterandmistressandsirandmadam,theyclaim,epitomizesuchsexism.Allofthewordsinquestiononceheldpositiveconnotationsbut,whilethemasculine(男性的)formshaveretainedtheirrespectableassociations,thefeminineformshaveundergonepejorationandnowimplysexualpromiscuity(混杂)andothernegativecharacteristics.FeministresearchersassumethatsuchpejorationindicatethatthestatusofwomeninEnglish-speakingsocietyisrelativelylow. Theseresearchersalsofindfaultwiththeuseofmasculinewordstodescribeunisexentities.Forexample,theyfeelthatthereisnothinginherentlymainlyaboutmankind,thebestmanforthejob,orthecommonman.Similarly,theuseofsuchconstructionsasthe“theaveragestudentsisworriedabouthisgrades”indicatetotheseresearchersaninherentsexisminEnglishthatisreflectiveofthecultures
9inwhichtheyareproduced. CarolynJacobson,authorofNon-sexistLanguagehasproposedasolutiontothisconundrum(难题).Sheadvocatestheeliminationofallsexedwordsinfavorofgender-neutralterms.Nolongershouldwerefertoactorsandactressesorwaitersandwaitresses,assuchdichotomies(男女有别)allowforthepossibilityofnegativeconnotationsbeingassociatedwiththefemininedesignation.Likewise,shebelievesthatphrasessuchasmankindshouldgivewaytohumankindandthattheuseofthemasculinepronounasthedefaultshouldbeabandonedinfavorofneutralconstructions.Thus,whensexismiseliminatedfromtheEnglishlanguage,theculturewillbemoreamenabletohedeliveranceofwomenaswell. 1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto_____ Acompareandcontrastideologyinvariouscultures Bproveacommonlyheldbelieftobewrong Cdescribeaproblemandapossiblesolution Danalyzethehistoricaloriginsofamodernsituation 2Accordingtothepassage,gender-neutralconstructionsshouldbeadvocatedbecause_____ AtheeliminationofsexismintheEnglishlanguagewillprecedetheeliminationofsexismintheculture Btheyaremoregrammaticallysoundthansexedstructures Cunisextermsarelessawkwardincasualspeech Dsex-specifictermsalwayscarrynegativeconnotations 3Theauthorreferstomankind,thebestmanforthejob,andthecommonmaninorderto_____ AdemonstratethesuperiorityofmalesinEnglish-speakingsociety Bprovideanexampleofspeechthatisslantedtowardstheadvantageofmales Clistthecharacteristicsofthefeministsocialinguistmovement DdiscountthenotionthattheEnglishlanguagediscriminatesagainstwomen 4Theword“perjorationmostprobablymeans_____ Anegativeconnotation Bpositiveconnotation Csexualcharacteristic Drespectablecharacteristic 5Infavorofgender-neutralterms,whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeunisexentities? Amankind Bchairperson Csuperman Ddragonlady
10参考答案:CABABThemodenworldonlyrecentlyreachedtheYanomano,anativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin.Shelteredbythickrainforest,theYanomanolivedaself-containedexistenceuntilgoldwasdiscoveredintheirjunglehomeland.Minersflockedintotheforests,cuttingdowntreesandbringingdiseaseandshotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway.Injustsevenyearsfromtheearly1980s,thepopulationfell20percent. HandsAroundtheWorld,anativeAmericanculturalassociation,saystheYanomanoarebelievedtobethemostculturallyintactpeopleintheworld.Theywearloincloths,usefiresticksanddecoratetheirbodieswithdyefromaredberry(桨果).Theydon’tusethewheelandtheonlymetaltheyuseiswhathasbeentradedtothembyoutsiders.WhenaYanomanodies,thebodyisburnedandtheremainingbonescrushedintoapowderandturnedintoadrinkthatislaterconsumedbymournersinmemoryofthedead. AHandsAroundtheWorldreportsaysthatinSouthAmericanotonlyaretheculturesandtraditionsindangerofdisappearing,butsometribesareindangerofextinction.“TheYanomanoisawell-knowntribethatisrapidlylosingitsmembersthroughthedestructionofWesterndisease,”thereportsays.Beforeillegalgoldminersenteredtheirrainforest,theYanomanowereisolatedfrommodernsociaty. TheyoccupydensejunglenorthoftheAmazonRiverbetweenVenezuelaandBrazilandarecataloguedbyanthropologists(人类学家)asneo-indianswithculturalcharacteristicsthatdatebackmorethan8,000years.Eachcommunitylivesinacircularcommunalhouse,someofwhichsleepupto400,builtaroundacentralsquare. ThoughmanyYanomanomenaremonogamous,itisnotunusualforthemtohavetwoormorewives.AnthropologistsfromtheUniversityofWisconsinsaypolygamyisawaytoincreaseone’swealthbecausehavingalargefamilyincreaseshelpwithhuntingandcultivatingtheland.Thesemarriagesresultinashortageofwomenforothermentomarry,whichhasledtointer-tribalwars. EachYanomanomanisresponsibleforclearinghislandforgardening,usingslash-and-humfarmingmethods.Theygrowplantains,atypeofbananaeatencooked,andhuntgameanimals,fishandanaconda(南美热带蟒蛇)usingbowsandarrows. 1.MinersflockedintotheforestandshotthoseYanomanowho_______. A.shelteredinthickrainforest B.wouldnotleavetheirjunglehomeland C.livedaself-containedexistence D.wouldstandintheirway 2.TheorganizationcalledHandsAroundtheWorldbelievesthatculturally,theYanomanoistheworld’s__________. A.mostprimitivepeople B.mostbackward
11people C.mostadvancedpeople D.oldestpeople 3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoanAmericanculturalassociationreport? A.InSouthAmerica,theculturesareonthevergeofextinction. B.InSouthAmerica,thetraditionsareonthevergeofextinction. C.InSouthAmerica,theYanomanocansurviveextinction. D.InSouthAmerica,sometribesareonthevergeofextinction. 4._________causedtheYanomanotohaveinter-tribalwars. A.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrompolygamy B.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrompolygamy C.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrommonogamy D.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrommonogamy 5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatitisimperativeforustoprotecttheYanomanobecause__________. A.itisaclturallymostintactpeople B.itisaprimitivepeopledeepinjungle C.itisanativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin D.itisprimitivepeopleindangerofdisappearing参考答案：DACCDTheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild'spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails，andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion. Firstly，anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample，wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone——farfromit.Secondly，commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents，caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout，andeveniftheywere，theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial. Thirdly，inthelastdecade，therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare，andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhat
12havehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue. ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto，say，morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects，parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy，andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter，then，isfarfromclear-cut，thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants. 1.Thispassageprimarilyarguesthat___. A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools. B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschools. C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree. D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhentheyaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree. 2.Thephrase“predisposeto”（Para.1，line3）mostprobablymeans___. A.leadto B.disposeto C.getinto D.tendtosuffer 3.AccordingtoBowlby'sanalysis，itisquitepossiblethat___. A.children'spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents. B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren. C.childrenwillbeexposedtomanynegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron. D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybereducedfromchildren'sdevelopment. 4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthesecondparagraphthat___. A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage. B.Childreninmodernsocietiescausemoretroublesthanthoseintraditionalsocieties. C.AchilddidnotlivetogetherwithhisparentsamongtheNgoni. D.Childreninsomesocietiesdidnothaveemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromtheparents.
13 5.Thewriterconcludesthat___. A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool. B.Itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren. C.Itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool. D.Itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool.参考答案：ＢＣＣＣＤ
