2023届四川省宜宾市高三下学期第二次诊断考试英语试题 Word版含解析.docx

《2023届四川省宜宾市高三下学期第二次诊断考试英语试题 Word版含解析.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

宜宾市普通高中2020级第二次诊断性测试英语试卷(考试时间：120分钟满分：150分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Weather.B.Travel.C.Study.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inabank.C.Inahospital.3.Whatwillthemandrink?A.CocaCola.B.Beer.C.Sodawater.4.Whatdoesthemanwanttoorder?A.TVsets.B.Machines.C.Personalcomputers.5.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Heisthirty.B.Heissick.C.Heistired.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。6.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Helockedhimselfout.B.Hewasknockeddownbyacar. C.Hefoundhishousebrokeninto.7Whatisthewomanprobably?A.Adriver.B.Adoctor.C.Apolicewoman.8.Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtodo?A.Lookroundthehouse.B.Talktotheman’swife.C.Lockallthewindows.听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。9.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Employerandemployee.C.Professorandstudent.10.Wheredothewoman’sforeignteacherscomefrom?A.America.B.England.C.Australia.11.Howmanyhourswillthewomanworkforeverydayifsheisemployed?A.Fourhours.B.Fivehours.C.Sixhours.听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。12.WhydoesthewomanmentiontheSaharaDesert?A.ShewatchedaTVprogramaboutitlastnight.B.Shethinksitisthelargestdesertintheworld.C.Sheknowsthatthemanlikesforeignthings.13.Whatkindoffilmdoesthewomanlikeactually?A.Lovefilms.B.Travelfilms.C.Horrorfilms.14.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Hedislikeseatinglunchwiththewoman.B.Helikestotrynewfood.C.Hegetssickofchips.听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。15.HowdidRebeccalosemuchweight?A.Shewasonadietandexercising.B.Shehadtoomuchwork.C.Shehadtoomuchsport.16.WhatsportdoesRebeccalikebest?A.Baseball.B.Volleyball.C.Soccer.17.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation? A.Themanwasontheschoolfootballteam.B.Teamworkisofgreatimportanceinthematch.C.Thefootballteampracticedfivehoursaday.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.Whatweredogsmainlyusedforintheolddays?A.Food.B.Hunting.C.Protection.19.Whydopeopleincitieskeepdogsnow?A.Theywantthemtowatchhouses.B.Theyneedfriendship.C.Theyloveanimals.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.MostpeopleintheWeststillkeepdogsforprotection.B.Thedogisusefulforbothchildrenandadults.C.Peoplefeelmoreandmorelonely.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATAYKAHOTELDESALYou’vestayedathotelsmadeofbrickorwood.Butsalt?TaykaHoteldeSal,Tahua,Boliviaismademostlyofsalt,includingsomebeds－thoughyou’llsleepwithregularmattressesandblankets.Thehotel,about$130anight,sitsontheborderofSalardeUyuni.It’saprehistoricdried-uplakeandtheworld’sbiggestsaltflat.Buildersusethesaltfromtheover4,000-square-mileflattomakethebricksandgluethemtogetherwithapasteofwetsalt.Thewetsaltwillhardenwhenitdries.Whenrainstartstodissolvethehotel,it’snoproblem:theownersjustmixupmoresaltpastetostrengthenthebricks.COOLTHINGSABOUTBOLIVIADuringrainysummermonths,Bolivia’sSalardeUyunisaltflatlookslikeagiantmirror.ThebusstationinLaPazwasdesignedbyGustavEiffel.HealsodesignedtheEiffelTowerandtheStatueofLiberty.EveryAugustinBolivia,dogsarehonoredduringtheFeastofSt.Roch. THINGSTODOINBOLIVIAEnjoyasalte－abakedpastryfilledwithspicymeat－fromastreetvenderinCochabamba.TakeaboattoIsladelSol,anislandinLakeTiticaca.Motorizedvehiclesaren’tallowedthere.WalkuptotheGateoftheSun,ahugestonedoorwaybuiltbytheancientTiwanakuculture.DancewiththousandsofmaskedandcostumedperformersattheCarnivaldeOruro.1.WhatkindoffeaturedoesTaykaHoteldeSalhave?AItisbuiltlargelyoutofsalt.B.Itisataveryhighaltitude.C.Itisfirminrainydays.D.Itisattractiveinpriceandquality.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutBolivia?A.Boliviaisabundantinnaturalresources.B.ThepeopleinBoliviaprobablyrespectdogs.C.Motorvehiclesareprohibitedeverywhere.D.BolivianbuildingsweredesignedbyGustavEiffel.3.WhatcanvisitorsdoinBolivia?A.TheycanstudyTiwanakuculture.B.Theycancooklocalcuisinesinperson.C.TheycantraveltoIsladelSolbyboat.D.TheycansingwithnativesattheCarnival.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在玻利维亚旅行的一些趣事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TAYKAHOTELDESAL中“TaykaHoteldeSal,Tahua,Boliviaismademostlyofsalt,includingsomebeds－thoughyou’llsleepwithregularmattressesandblankets.”（玻利维亚塔瓦的泰卡萨尔酒店主要是用盐建造的，包括一些床——尽管你会睡在普通的床垫和毯子上。）可知，泰卡萨尔酒店的特色是它主要是用盐建造的。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据COOLTHINGSABOUTBOLIVIA中“EveryAugustinBolivia,dogsarehonoredduringtheFeastofSt.Roch.”（在玻利维亚，每年八月的圣罗赫节(FeastofSt.Roch) 都会以狗为荣耀。）可知，关于玻利维亚，我们能了解到他们可能很尊重狗。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据THINGSTODOINBOLIVIA中“TakeaboattoIsladelSol,anislandinLakeTiticaca.”（乘船前往的的喀喀湖中的太阳岛。）可知，游客在玻利维亚可以乘船前往太阳岛。故选C项。BSachinozaalwaysseemedtocatchwhatevercoldandflugermswereflyingaround.Despitebeingonlyinhismid-thirties,hefeltoutofshapeandoutofsorts.Herealizedthatifhedidn’tmakesomechanges,hisimmunefunctionwouldcontinueworseningwithage.“Ihaveafamilybackgroundofdiabetes,highcholesterol,andheartdisease,”addsOza.“Ihadtotakeaction.”ButOza’slifestylestoodintheway.HeclockedlongdaysworkinginfinanceinLondon,withlittleopportunitytobeactiveorfocusonhiswell-being.HiscommutefromhishomeinOrpington,Kent,totheofficewasstressfulandtime-consuming,andhewasspendingfartoomanyhoursstuckbehindhisdesk.Oza’sincreasinglysedentary(久坐不动的)lifestylehadrepercussions.Inadditiontocatchingbugseasily,helackedenergy,hisbodyached,andhefeltlethargic.“Myimmunesystemwasreallyweak,”recallsOza.“IknewthatIshouldn’tbefeelingthiswaybeforeevenhitting40.”Sohebegana15-yearjourneytoexaminehishealthfully.Heconductedsomechangestohisdiet,introducingmorerawfruitsandvegetablesandcuttingdownonjunkfood.Hestartedgoingforrunsandbeganregulartraining,resistancetraining,andstretching.Healsobecameinterestedinmindfulness,practisingdeep-breathingandmeditation.Now49,Ozafeelslikeanewman.“Icatchcoldsfarlessfrequentlythanbefore,”hesays.Hisachesandpainshaveeased,hisstresslevelsarelower,andhesleepssoundly.“Inolongerwakeupintheearlyhours,whichhasmadeahugedifferenceinhowIfeel.”Therearemanyfactorsaffectingtheimmunesystemthatwecan’tcontrol—ageingweakensourimmunefunction,forexample,andwehaveindividualgeneticdifferencesthataffecthowwedealwithdiseases.4.WhatwasthebarrierforOzatomakechangesbefore?A.Hisimmunesystem.B.Hisfamilybackground.C.Hisunfavourablelifestyle.D.Hisweakhealthsituation.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lethargic”mean?A.Puzzled.B.Sleepy.C.Unconfident.D.Energetic. 6.HowhasOzaregainedhealth?A.Bytakinga15-yearjourney.B.BygivinguphisjobinLondon.C.Byeatingrawfruitsandvegetables.D.Bychangingdietsandkeepingtraining.7.WhatdoyouthinkofOzaaccordingtohisexperience?A.Busy.B.Determined.C.Intelligent.D.Dull.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Oza在三十多岁时由于不良生活方式身体很虚弱，他决心作出改变，开始改变饮食和坚持运动，通过长达15年的坚持重获健康的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“ButOza’slifestylestoodintheway.(但是Oza的生活方式成为了阻碍)”可知，Oza久坐的生活方式阻碍着他作出改变。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Oza’sincreasinglysedentary(久坐不动的)lifestylehadrepercussions.Inadditiontocatchingbugseasily,helackedenergy,hisbodyache(越来越久坐的生活方式产生了不良影响。除了容易生病，他还缺乏精力，身体疼痛)”可知，此处是描述Oza久坐不动的生活方式对身体造成的负面影响，由此推知lethargic意为“昏昏欲睡”。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Heconductedsomechangestohisdiet,introducingmorerawfruitsandvegetablesandcuttingdownonjunkfood.Hestartedgoingforrunsandbeganregulartraining,resistancetraining,andstretching.(他对自己的饮食进行了一些改变，引入了更多的生水果和蔬菜，减少了垃圾食品的摄入量。他开始跑步，并开始定期训练，阻力训练和拉伸)”可知，Oza通过改变饮食和坚持训练重获健康。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段首句“Sohebegana15-yearjourneytoexaminehishealthfully.(于是，他开始了长达15年的旅程，全面检查自己的健康状况)”可知，Oza在三十多岁时由于不良生活方式身体很虚弱，他决心作出改变，开始改变饮食和坚持运动，通过长达15年的坚持重获健康，所以他是一个有决心的人。故选B。C Noisepollutionisoneoftheseriousyetleastrecognizedhealththreatsofourtime.Noiseincreaserisksofheartdisease,cognitivedamageanddevelopmentaldelays.Now,scientistsarerevealingthatnon-humans,too,sufferfromnoisepollutionandthattheyarefarmoresensitivethanhumans.Also,marineanimalsseeandsensetheworldthroughsound,whichtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlight.Butscientistsarenowrevealingthatavastrangeofmarinecreaturesareextremelysensitivetosound.Therangeofnegativeeffectscausedbymarinenoisepollutionisastonishing:delayeddevelopment,slowgrowthetc.Aquatic(水生的)plantsarehighlysensitivetosound.Takemarineseagrassforexample,justlikeforestsonland,seagrassisacarbonsink,contributingtostabilizingourglobalclimate.Inthepastfewdecades,seagrassmeadowsthesizeoftheAmazonhavevanished.Climatechange,pollution,boatanchorsandthebuildingofseawallsandharborsarealllikelyfactors.AsresearchersattheTechnicalUniversityofCataloniahaverecentlydiscovered,wecannowaddnoisepollutiontothislistofthreats.WhenthescientistsexposedasampleofMediterraneanseagrasstopowerfulblast-levelsound,theseagrasswasseverelydamaged.Theirsensitivehearingisanadvantageinthedarkdepthsoftheocean,butitmakesaquaticorganismsveryvulnerable.Loudunderwatersoundscandamageordestroytheirhearingability.Theseeffectsoccuratmuchlowerintensities(强度)ofsoundthanareknowntobedamagingtoanimalsonland.Thesefindingsstressthevastthreatthatmarinenoisepollutionposestoouroceans.Asoffshoreoperations-fromseabedminingtooilandgasandrenewableenergyconstruction-areincreasing,littlethoughthasbeengiventonoisepollution.Whileexposurelimitationlevelshaven’tyetbeendetermined,itisclearthatthisemergingsciencewillleadtonewrestrictionsonthepermittingandoperationsofmarineindustrialandshippingactivities.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Noisepollutionisthemostseriouspollution.B.Noisepollutionhardlyinfluencesmarinecreatures.C.Noisepollutionisregardedasthecauseofdiseases.D.Noisepollutionharmshumansandmarinecreatures.9.Whatisthefunctionofmarineseagrass?A.Ithashighsensitivitytolight.B.Itcankeepglobalclimatestable.C.Itcanadjustaquaticorganisms.D.Ithasweakhearingability.10.Whyisaquaticplants’hearingabilityeasilydamaged? A.Becauseit’ssensitivetotheintensitiesofunderwatersounds.B.Becausehumanshavedevelopedoceansquickly.C.Becausethereislackoflightinthedeepocean.D.Becauseaquaticplantsgrowratherslowly.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Marinenoisepollutionwillprobablybeimproved.B.Therestrictionsonmarinenoisehasbeenoperated.C.Oceantransportationandfisherywillbeforbidden.D.Theoceanwillbesharplythreatenedbynoisepollution.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋噪音给海洋生物带来的危害。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Noisepollutionisoneoftheseriousyetleastrecognizedhealththreatsofourtime.Noiseincreaserisksofheartdisease,cognitivedamageanddevelopmentaldelays.Now,scientistsarerevealingthatnon-humans,too,sufferfromnoisepollutionandthattheyarefarmoresensitivethanhumans.Also,marineanimalsseeandsensetheworldthroughsound,whichtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlight.Butscientistsarenowrevealingthatavastrangeofmarinecreaturesareextremelysensitivetosound.Therangeofnegativeeffectscausedbymarinenoisepollutionisastonishing:delayeddevelopment,slowgrowthetc.”（噪音污染是我们这个时代最严重的健康威胁之一，但却很少有人认识到。噪音会增加心脏病、认知损伤和发育迟缓的风险。现在，科学家们发现，非人类也受到噪音污染的影响，而且它们比人类要敏感得多。此外，海洋动物通过声音看到和感知世界，声音在水下比光传播得更远。但科学家们现在发现，大量海洋生物对声音极其敏感。海洋噪音污染造成的负面影响范围是惊人的：发育迟缓，生长缓慢等）可知，第一段主要讲的是噪音污染危害人类和海洋生物。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Takemarineseagrassforexample,justlikeforestsonland,seagrassisacarbonsink,contributingtostabilizingourglobalclimate.”（以海洋海草为例，就像陆地上的森林一样，海草是碳汇，有助于稳定我们的全球气候）可知，海草的功能是可以保持全球气候稳定。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theirsensitivehearingisanadvantageinthedarkdepthsoftheocean,butitmakesaquaticorganismsveryvulnerable.Loudunderwatersoundscandamageordestroytheirhearingability. Theseeffectsoccuratmuchlowerintensitiesofsoundthanareknowntobedamagingtoanimalsonland.”（它们灵敏的听觉在黑暗的海洋深处是一种优势，但这使水生生物非常脆弱。巨大的水下声音会损害或破坏它们的听力。这些影响发生在比已知的对陆地动物的损害低得多的声音强度下）可知，水生植物的听力容易受损是因为它对水下声音的强度很敏感。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whileexposurelimitationlevelshaven’tyetbeendetermined,itisclearthatthisemergingsciencewillleadtonewrestrictionsonthepermittingandoperationsofmarineindustrialandshippingactivities.”（虽然接触限制水平尚未确定，但很明显，这一新兴科学将导致对海洋工业和航运活动的许可和操作提出新的限制）可推知，海洋噪音污染可能会得到改善。故选A项。DOvertheyearsIhavebeenfascinatedtoreadaboutstudiesintothepoweroftouch.Onefamousstudyexaminedvideofootageofhowpeoplerespondedtothosenearthemwhohadbeenthevictimofacrime.Observingtheirreactionandcomparingtheirbehaviorsinnon-humanprimates,researchersfoundthattherearestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenthewaysthathumansandprimatessuchaschimpanzeescomfortoneanotheranddemonstratecompassionandcare.Buttome,italsospeaksabouttheimportanceofclosenessandintimacy.Anotherstudyfoundthatholdinghandstocomfortalovedonecanactuallyreducetheirpain.Itfoundthatwhenpeoplewhoareclosetooneanotherholdhands,theirbodiessynchronize(同步)theirheartrateandbreathingrate.Perhapsweshouldn’tbesurprised,aswehaveknownformanyyearsabouttheimportanceoftouch.Itsymbolizessafetyandlovewhichisoneofthemostimportantaspectsfordevelopmentasachild.Isitanywonderthat,whenweareupset,distressedandvulnerableasadults,weseekoutthesamething?Thevalueoftouchwasdemonstratedbyaseriesofdisturbingexperimentsonmonkeysbackinthe1950sbyHarryHarlow,anAmericanpsychologist.Hisworkshowedtheincrediabledriveforwarmthandintimacythatwehave.Inhisexperiments,hetookyoungmonkeysandplacedthemindifferentenclosures.Whengivenachoicebetweenasurrogate(替代)“mother”toclingtomadeofwiremeshthathadareadysupplyofmilkorawarm,softmotherthatdidn’tprovideanyfood,theychose,toeveryone’sastonishment,thecomfortoverfood.Thisflewinthefaceofwhatwasexpected.Yetthisappearedtoshowthatitwasnotfood,butbeingcomfortedandintimate,thatwasthemostimportant.Theexperimentsshowedforthefirsttimehowvitalthefeelingofbeinglovedistous.12.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph1?A.Humanshavedifferentbehaviorsfromchimpanzeesbeforeviolence. B.Comparingbehaviorofhumansandprimatesisnecessary.C.Comfortingthevictimsofviolenceisimportant.D.Humansandprimatesresembleinsomeway.13.Whichexampleshowstheimportanceofclosenessandintimacy?A.Givinganupsetchildcandiescancomforthim.B.Observingavictim’sreactionreleaseshispain.C.Touchingapatient’shandscanmakehimlessdistressed.D.Holdingthesameheartrateillustratesthecloserelationship.14.Whydidthepeoplefeelsurprisedattheexperimentresults?A.Becausetheyfoundthemonkeyswerenothungryatall.B.Becausethemonkeyscouldcomfortthesurrogatemother.C.Becausethesoftmotherdidn’tprovideanyfoodforthemonkeys.D.Becausetheyalwaysassumedthatfoodwasmostlikelytobechosen.15.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePowerofTouchB.HowtoComfortaLovedOneC.HoldingHandsReducesPainD.LoveandSafetyisEssential【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章通过一系列研究表明了触摸的力量。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“researchersfoundthattherearestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenthewaysthathumansandpimatessuchaschimpanzeescomfortoneanotheranddemonstratecompassionandcare(研究人员发现，人类和灵长类动物如黑猩猩相互安慰、表现出同情和关怀的方式有惊人的相似之处)”可知，人类和灵长类动物在某些方面很相似。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Buttome,italsospeaksabouttheimportanceofclosenessandintimacy.Anotherstudyfoundthatholdinghandstocomfortalovedonecanactuallyreducetheirpain.(但对我来说，这也说明了亲密和亲昵的重要性。另一项研究发现，牵手安慰所爱的人实际上可以减轻他们的痛苦)”可知，牵起病人的手可以减轻他的痛苦，这表明亲密和亲昵的重要性。故选C。 【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“theychose,toeveryone’sastonishment,thecomfortoverfood.Thisflewinthefaceofwhatwasexpected.(令所有人惊讶的是，他们选择了舒适而不是食物。这完全违背了人们的期望)”可知，人们总是认为食物是最有可能被选择的，所以当猴子没有选择食物时人们感到很惊讶。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“OvertheyearsIhavebeenfascinatedtoreadaboutstudiesintothepoweroftouch.(多年来，我一直着迷于阅读有关触摸的力量的研究)”可知，文章通过一系列研究表明了触摸的力量。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Developingfriendshipwithotherpeopleisessentialinourlivesduetoourownverynature.____16____Therefore,weneedtoloveandtobelovedtobecomefullyhumanbeings,asloveisthehighestformwecanrelatewithothersandoneofthemostdistinctfeaturesofourspecies.Hereare4keypointstodevelopandsustainatruefriendship.Takeresponsibilityofyourownemotions.____17____Sometimeswecan’trealizethatwearepresentingthebadpowertohim/her.Beingawareofthat,wewouldbebetterifwetakeresponsibilityandembracetheemotionsthatcomeupinourinnerworldinsteadofstoppingtherelationshiporblamingtheotherforwhatwearefeeling.____18____Theprimarygoaloffriendshipistolove,becausethisisourmostinherentneed.Butlovehasnootherobjectthanlove.Therefore,thevalueofourfriendshipwithothersisnotbecauseoftheusefulnessoftherelationship.Ourloveforapersonshouldnotdependontheircapacitytoimprovetheconditionsofourlife.Onthecontrary,feelingthejoyofhavingatruefriendshipiswhatweneed.Seekthegoodoftheotherperson.Whenweloveanotherperson,weseekthegoodoftheotherbecausewerejoiceintheirownhappiness.Therefore,ourseekingfortheotherperson’sgoodistotallydisinterested.____19____Actsoflovearemadeforitsownsake.Embracethedifferences.Friendshipdoesn’tmeanhavingthesameinterests,opinionsandmindsetastheotherperson.Friendshipisthereforeapracticeofunconditionallove,anopportunitytogrowtogethertowardsfulfillment,andajourneytounfoldthemostpreciouscapacitiesofahumanbeing.____20____ A.Humanbeingsarerelationalbeings.B.Whynotcherishitwithyourownheart?C.Lookattheotherasanendnotasameans.D.Recognizethenecessityofthecloserelationship.E.Weusuallyblametheotherpersonforwhatwefeel.F.Themodeoffriendshipdiffersfrompersontoperson.G.Weservetheotherwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.【答案】16.A17.E18.C19.G20.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养和维持真正友谊的4个要点。【16题详解】根据上文“Developingfriendshipwithotherpeopleisessentialinourlivesduetoourownverynature.(由于我们的天性，与他人发展友谊在我们的生活中是必不可少的。)”可知，人与人之间要发展友谊，A项“Humanbeingsarerelationalbeings.(人类是有关系的生物。)”，A项是对上文的原因解释，下文“Therefore,weneedtoloveandtobelovedtobecomefullyhumanbeings,asloveisthehighestformwecanrelatewithothersandoneofthemostdistinctfeaturesofourspecies.(因此，我们需要爱和被爱才能成为完整的人，因为爱是我们与他人联系的最高形式，也是我们这个物种最鲜明的特征之一)”，A项与下文为因果关系，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选A项。【17题详解】本段主旨句为“Takeresponsibilityofyourownemotions.(对自己的情绪负责)”，E项“Weusuallyblametheotherpersonforwhatwefeel.(我们通常会因为自己的感受而责怪别人。)”，E项与主旨句的语意一致，emotion与whatwefeel为同义复现词，故选E项。【18题详解】根据下文“Theprimarygoaloffriendshipistolove,becausethisisourmostinherentneed.Butlovehasnootherobjectthanlove.Therefore,thevalueofourfriendshipwithothersisnotbecauseoftheusefulnessoftherelationship.Ourloveforapersonshouldnotdependontheircapacitytoimprovetheconditionsofourlife.(友谊的首要目标是爱，因为这是我们最内在的需要。但是爱除了爱没有别的目的。因此，我们与他人友谊的价值并不在于这种关系的有用性。我们对一个人的爱不应该取决于他是否有能力改善我们的生活条件。)”可知，友谊的目的是爱，爱对方，而不是因为对方有能力改善我们的生活条件才爱对方，C项“Lookattheotherasanendnotasameans.(把对方视为目的，而不是手段。)”与本段的语意一致，适合作主旨句。故选C项。 【19题详解】根据本段主旨句“Seekthegoodoftheotherperson.(为他人着想)”，以及上文“Whenweloveanotherperson,weseekthegoodoftheotherbecausewerejoiceintheirownhappiness.Therefore,ourseekingfortheotherperson’sgoodistotallydisinterested.(当我们爱另一个人时，我们也会寻求对方好，因为我们为他们自己的幸福而高兴。因此，为他人着想是完全无私的。)”可知，本段提及爱对方，就要无私地为对方着想，G项“Weservetheotherwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.(我们为对方服务，不求任何回报。)”，句中的withoutexpectinganythinginreturn与上文totallydisinterested相呼应，衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。【20题详解】根据上文“Friendshipisthereforeapracticeofunconditionallove,anopportunitytogrowtogethertowardsfulfillment,andajourneytounfoldthemostpreciouscapacitiesofahumanbeing.(因此，友谊是一种无条件的爱的实践，是一个共同成长以实现自我的机会，是一个展现人类最宝贵能力的旅程。)”可知友谊的意义，B项“Whynotcherishitwithyourownheart?(为什么不用心去珍惜呢？)”，其中的it指代Friendship，B项顺接上文，语意连贯。故选B项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onewell-below-freezingmorning,IwalkedthroughthegroundsofOntarioPlace.Treeswerefrostedsculptures,andlargechunksofice____21____inthelake.Istoppedtotakeaphoto,andthat’swhenIsawthem:agroupofpeople____22____upanddowninthewater.Ididn’tquitebelievemyeyes.Theicewarriorsemergedfromthelake,theirskin____23____.Theywerelaughingandhuggingeachother.Watchingthem,Ifeltasurgeof____24____.Icalledout:“Youguysareawesome!”Onewomansmiledbackandsaid,“Comeandjoinus!Youcan____25____online.”WhenIgothome,Ididthatandreceiveda(n)____26____emailtellingmewhattobring.Thenightbeforemyfirstdip,Iwasexcitedandnervous.Icheckedthe____27____:itwas-14C,or-20CwithToronto’swell-knownwindchill.Buttherewasn’tacancellationmessage.____28____,thedipwason.Thenextmorning,ayoungmanfirstledusthrough____29____andbreathingexercises.Then,alongwiththeothers,Iraninmybathing____30____andwatershoes.Togetherwebouncedupanddown,andthendashedintothe____31____.Wedippeddownuntiljustourheadsandhandswere____32____water,andyelledintothesky.Knowingitwasmyfirsttime,people____33____mealot.Whenweswambackoutofthewater,myskinwasbrightred.Itfelt____34____.Afterwe’dall___35___,wemetbackonthebeach,anddancedandsangbya smallfiretowarmup.Icould____36____rememberthelasttimeI’dfeltsodelighted.Therearetimeswhenyoucantrytogetoutofcomfortzone.Itwon’t____37____everythinginourlives,ortheworldatlarge—butfor____38____reason,ithelps.NotonlywasIstrongerandmore____39____thanIhadthought,butalsodiscoveredastronginterestandaworldIhadn’tknownexisted.Asanotherwintersetsin,I’mmorethan____40____toembracethecoldagain.21.A.landedB.floatedC.droppedD.faded22.A.jumpingB.walkingC.hidingD.jogging23.A.burningB.steamingC.rollingD.aching24.A.excitementB.calmnessC.confusionD.sorrow25.A.dropoutB.pickupC.signupD.standout26.A.applicationB.realizationC.occupationD.confirmation27.A.riskB.expenseC.situationD.forecast28.A.ApparentlyB.TemporarilyC.SuitablyD.Occasionally29.A.racesB.commentsC.introductionsD.options30.A.suitB.typeC.brandD.number31.A.riverB.lakeC.oceanD.stream32.A.aroundB.awayC.aboveD.along33.A.protectedB.observedC.impressedD.encouraged34.A.demandingB.disappointingC.amazingD.amusing35.A.bouncedB.adjustedC.predictedD.changed36.A.hardlyB.usuallyC.particularlyD.merely37.A.manageB.fixC.replyD.satisfy38.A.anyB.someC.otherD.another39A.clevererB.busierC.healthierD.hungrier40.A.ableB.luckyC.freeD.ready【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.A25.C26.D27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.C33.D34.C35.D36.A37.B38.B39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者学习冬泳的经历。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木成了结霜的雕塑，大块的冰块漂浮在湖中。A.landed着陆；B. floated漂浮；C.dropped落下；D.faded褪色。根据“largechunksofice”及常识可知，冰应是漂浮在湖面上。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我停下来拍了张照片，就在那时我看到了他们：一群人在水里跳上跳下。A.jumping跳跃；B.walking走路；C.hiding躲藏；D.jogging慢跑。结合语境及下文“Togetherwebouncedupanddown(我们一起跳上跳下)”可知，冬泳的人在水里跳上跳下，此处和bounced同义。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：冰雪战士们从湖里冒出来，他们的皮肤冒着蒸汽。A.burning燃烧；B.steaming散发蒸汽；C.rolling翻滚；D.aching疼。根据“Theicewarriorsemergedfromthelake”和常识可知，冬泳的人从水里出来后身上会冒着热气，故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着他们，我感到一阵兴奋。A.excitement兴奋，激动；B.calmness冷静；C.confusion困惑；D.sorrow悲伤。根据下文“Icalledout:‘Youguysareawesome!’(我大声说：‘你们太棒了！’)”可知，作者感到很兴奋。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可以在网上报名。A.dropout退学；B.pickup捡起；C.signup报名；D.standout突出。根据上一句“Comeandjoinus!(来加入我们吧)”可知，她邀请作者加入，让作者去网上报名。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，我照做了，然后收到了一封确认邮件，告诉我该带什么。A.application申请；B.realization实现；C.occupation职业；D.confirmation确认。根据“Ididthat”可知，作者在网上报了名，然后收到一封确认邮件，告诉作者带什么东西。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我查了一下天气预报：零下14摄氏度，或者零下20摄氏度，加上多伦多著名的风寒。A.risk风险；B.expense费用；C.situation形势；D.forecast预报。根据“itwas-14C,or-20CwithToronto’swell-knownwindchill”可知，作者是查看天气预报。故选D。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，游泳开始了。A.Apparently显然，明显地；B.Temporarily临时地；C.Suitably合适地；D.Occasionally偶尔。根据上一句“Buttherewasn’tacancellationmessage.(但是没有取消信息)”及下文作者开始参加冬泳练习可知，报名确认后无法取消，很明显，作者要开始学习冬泳了。故选A。 【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，一个年轻人首先通过介绍和呼吸练习带领我们。A.races比赛；B.comments评论；C.introductions介绍；D.options选择。根据语境及空后“breathingexercises”可知，应是先向大家介绍，然后再做练习。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我和其他人一起穿着泳衣和水鞋跑了起来。A.suit套装；B.type类型；C.brand品牌；D.number数字。根据下一句“Togetherwebouncedupanddown”可知，作者穿上泳衣和鞋子去游泳。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一起跳上跳下，然后冲进湖里。A.river河流；B.lake湖；C.ocean海洋；D.stream小溪。上文“andlargechunksofice____1____inthelake”提到人们是在一个湖里游泳。故选B。【32题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们往下潜，直到头和手露出水面，然后对着天空大喊。A.around在……周围；B.away距离……有多远；C.above在……上面；D.along沿着。根据“andyelledintothesky”可知，作者是在头露在水面之上时大喊。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道这是我的第一次，人们给了我很多鼓励。A.protected保护；B.observed观察；C.impressed使留下深刻印象；D.encouraged鼓励。根据“Knowingitwasmyfirsttime”可知，人们应是鼓励新手。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感觉很神奇。A.demanding要求高的，费力的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.amazing令人大为惊奇的；D.amusing逗笑的。根据语境及上一句“Whenweswambackoutofthewater,myskinwasbrightred.(当我们游出水面时，我的皮肤变得鲜红)”可知，作者上岸后感觉，这很惊奇。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们都换好衣服后，我们回到海滩上见面，在一堆小火旁跳舞唱歌取暖。A.bounced弹起；B.adjusted调整；C.predicted预测；D.changed更换。根据“wemetbackonthebeach,anddancedandsangbyasmallfiretowarmup”可知，冬泳结束，大家应是去换衣服后回到海滩上。故选D。【36题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我几乎不记得上一次如此高兴是什么时候了。A.hardly几乎不；B.usually通常；C.particularly尤其；D.merely仅仅。结合语境可知，作者很开心，几乎不记得上一次这样开心是什么时候了。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，或者整个世界——但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。A.manage设法完成；B.fix解决；C.reply回答；D.satisfy满足。结合语境及“ithelps”可知，试着走出舒适区不能解决一切，但是它会有帮助，fix在此处作“解决”之意。故选B。【38题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意同上。A.any任何；B.some某些；C.other另外；D.another另一个。固定短语forsomereason由于某种原因，不知为什么。故选B。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不仅变得更强壮、更健康，我也发现了一种强烈的兴趣和一个我不知道的世界。A.cleverer更聪明的；B.busier更忙碌的；C.healthier更健康的；D.hungrier更饥饿的。根据“stronger”及语境可知，冬泳是一种运动，会让人变得强壮和健康。故选C。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着又一个冬天的来临，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。A.able有能力的；B.lucky幸运的；C.free自由的；D.ready准备好的。根据“Asanotherwintersetsin”可知，作者准备好再次冬泳了。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。EuropeanSpaceAgencyastronautSamanthaCristoforettiisbackonEarthafterspendingmonthsinorbitontheInternationalSpaceStation.TheItaliangets___41___(notice)inChinaaftershequotedclassicChinesepoetry___42___socialmediawithaviewof___43___Chinesecapitalfromspace.TravellingaroundtheEarthatabout28,000kilometersperhour,420kilometersoffthegroundintheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)certainly___44___(give)usauniqueperspectiveonourplanet.ThatviewinspiredCristoforetti___45___(dive)intotheChineseclassicsastheISSflewoverpartsofChina.Shequoted4th-centurypoetWangXizhi’sPrefacetopoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion.Thetext___46___(accompany)byphotosofChinatakenfromthespacestation.CristoforettispeakssixlanguagesincludingChineseandhas___47___(previous)takenpartinjointtrainingbetweentheESAandtheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.Itishoped___48___ESAastronautswillcooperatewithChinesecounterparts.WithCristoforettihavinglaidgroundworkforthat,ESADirectorGeneralJosefAschbacher wasfullofpraiseforthe___49___(talent)astronautandpositiveaboutthecooperationofspace____50____(explore).【答案】41.noticed42.on43.the44.gives45.todive46.wasaccompanied47.previously48.that49.talented50.exploration【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了欧洲航天局宇航员萨曼莎·克里斯托弗雷蒂在国际空间站轨道上待了几个月后返回地球。从太空俯瞰中国首都后，这位意大利人在社交媒体上引用中国古典诗词，这让她在中国引起了关注。【41题详解】考查过去分词。句意：从太空俯瞰中国首都后，这位意大利人在社交媒体上引用中国古典诗词，这让她在中国引起了关注。此处为getdone结构，主语Italian和notice是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填noticed。【42题详解】考查介词。句意同上。根据句意以及空后的socialmedia名词可知，此处为介词on的填入，构成onsocialmedia“在社交媒体上”，满足句意要求。故填on。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意同上。由空后Chinesecapital为专有名词可知，此处为定冠词the的填入。故填the。【44题详解】考查动词。句意：在距离地面420公里的国际空间站(ISS)以每小时2.8万公里的速度环绕地球飞行，无疑让我们对我们的星球有了一个独特的视角。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语TravellingaroundtheEarth为动名词短语，所以此处谓语动词为三单形式。故填gives。【45题详解】考查动词短语。句意：当国际空间站飞越中国部分地区时，这一景色激发了克里斯托弗雷蒂对中国经典的钻研。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语inspiresbtodo“激励某人做某事”，满足句意要求。故填todive。【46题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：文中还附有从空间站拍摄的中国照片。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语Thetext和动词accompany为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填wasaccompanied。【47题详解】考查副词。句意：克里斯托弗雷蒂会说包括中文在内的六种语言，此前曾参加过欧洲航天局和中国载人航天局的联合训练。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词previously修饰动词takenpartin。故填previously。【48题详解】考查固定句型。句意：希望欧空局宇航员能与中国同行合作。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型itishopedthat…“希望……”，that引导主语从句，在从句中不做成分，且没有意义。故填that。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：由于克里斯托弗雷蒂为此打下了基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对这位才华横溢的宇航员大加赞赏，并对太空探索合作持积极态度。由空后astronaut为名词可知，此处用形容词talented“有天赋的”修饰该名词。故填talented。【50题详解】考查名词。句意：由于克里斯托弗雷蒂为此打下了基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对这位才华横溢的宇航员大加赞赏，并对太空探索合作持积极态度。由空前介词of可知，此处为名词exploration“探索”，构成名词短语spaceexploration“太空探索”，满足句意要求。故填exploration。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Amongalltheinstructiveproverb,theoneIlikebestis“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”,whotellsusthatweshouldsticktoourdreams.Forme,thesayinghasspeciallymeaning.WhenIwasinthemiddleschool,IwassuchpoorinmystudiesthatInearlygaveup.ThoughmyheadteacheralwaysencouragedmeeverytimeIlostmyheart.Heusestosay,“Alittlemoreeffortandyouwillmakeit.”Thankstomydearestteacher,allmyeffortspaidbackandfinallyIbecameatopstudent.Nothingisimpossibletowillingheart.Aslongasyoukeeptry,you’llsucceed. 【答案】1.proverb→proverbs2.who→which3.specially→special4such→so5.Though→But6.删除my7.uses→used8.back→off9.在to后加a10.try→trying【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者最喜欢的一句谚语是“有志者事竟成”，以及在老师的鼓励下，最终付出的努力取得了回报的故事。【详解】1.考查名词复数形式。句意：在所有有教育意义的谚语中，我最喜欢的是“有志者事竟成”，这句话告诉我们应该坚持我们的梦想。proverb“谚语”是可数名词，由该句的all可知，此处为名词的复数形式。故将proverb改为proverbs。2.考查定语从句。句意：在所有有教育意义的谚语中，我最喜欢的是“有志者事竟成”，这句话告诉我们应该坚持我们的梦想。分析句子可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是那句谚语，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故将who改为which。3.考查形容词。句意：对我来说，这句话有特殊的意义。由该句meaning为名词可知，此处为应为形容词修饰该名词。故将specially改为special。4.考查结果状语从句。句意：我在中学的时候，我的学习很差，我几乎放弃了。分析句子可知，此处为so…that…“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，其中so后面直接接形容词或副词。故将such改为so。5.考查连词。句意：但是每次我灰心的时候，我的班主任总是鼓励我。根据上下句句意可知，此处为连词But“但是”和上句形成转折，满足句意要求。故将Though改为But。6.考查代词。句意：但是每次我灰心的时候，我的班主任总是鼓励我。lostheart“灰心”为固定短语，所以此处代词my多余。故将my删除。7.考查固定短语。句意：他常说：“再努力一点，你就会成功的。”usedtodo“过去常常做某事”为固定短语，满足句意要求。故将uses改为used。8. 考查动词短语。句意：多亏了我最亲爱的老师，我所有的努力都得到了回报，最终我成为了一名尖子生。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语payoff“取得回报”，满足句意要求。故将back改为off。9.考查冠词。句意：心之所愿，无事不成。根据句意以及空后willingheart为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一颗心甘情愿的心”为泛指概念，结合willing的发音是辅音音素开头，所以为不定冠词a。故在to后加a。10.考查动名词。句意：只要你继续努力，你就会成功。分析句子可知，此处为keepdoing“继续做某事”为固定短语，所以此处应为动名词形式。故将try改为trying。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.假定你是学生李华，你的英国朋友Tom在汉语水平考试（简称HSK）中成绩不理想，写信求助。请根据以下要点回信：1.表示安慰；2.提出建议；3.给予鼓励。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearTom,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearTom,IamterriblysorrytohearthatyoufailedtopassHSK.Hopefully,theunexpectedfailurewon’tletyoudown,forIhavestillbeenamazedbytheexcellentChineseyouspokewhenwefirstmet.Asweallknow,languagelearningisneveraneasytaskbutneedsconstanteffortsandpatience.Inmyopinion,it’sagreatwaytopaycloseattentiontotheformaluseofChinesewordsandexpressionsbyreadingnewspapersandmagazines,whichreallycounts.Meanwhile,usingsomeChinese-learningmobileappstostudyasmuchaspossiblebenefitsyouwell.Moreimportantly,youshouldlearnfromthemistakesthatyouhavemadebefore.Ifso,I’msureyou’llmakerapidprogressandpassHSKsoon.Wishyougoodluck! Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给因在汉语水平考试中成绩不理想而写信求助的英国朋友Tom写回信表示安慰，给出学习汉语的建议，并给予鼓励。【详解】1.词汇积累遗憾的：sorry→regretful依我看来：inmyopinion→frommypointofview取得迅速的进步：makerapidprogress→progressquickly运用：use→utilize2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Meanwhile,usingsomeChinese-learningmobileappstostudyasmuchaspossiblebenefitsyouwell.拓展句：Meanwhile,ifyouusesomeChinese-learningmobileappstostudyasmuchaspossible,itwillbenefityouwell.【点睛】【高分句型1】Inmyopinion,it’sagreatwaytopaycloseattentiontotheformaluseofChinesewordsandexpressionsbyreadingnewspapersandmagazines,whichreallycounts（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语，动名词作介词的宾语，which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Moreimportantly,youshouldlearnfromthemistakesthatyouhavemadebefore.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）听力答案：1-5ABBCC6-10CCAAC11-15AACBA16-20CBCBB