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并列句、从句和特殊句式第一讲 并列句和状语从句新教材新高考语法大课堂
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列句的用法
并列连词用法例句and,notonly...but(also)...,both...and...等表并列、顺承或递进关系Theretheairiscleanandthemountainsaregreen.那里空气清新,千山一碧。but,yet,whereas等表转折关系Thefailurewasabigblowtohim,buthewasn’tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击,但他并没有气馁,很快便像以前一样充满热情。or,either...or...,not...but...等表选择关系EitheryoumustimproveyourworkorIshalldismissyou.要么你改进工作,要么我就辞退你。for,so表因果关系(for连接的分句一般不能放在句首)Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.树叶在飘落,因为秋天已经到了。
并列连词用法例句and,or表条件或结果关系,常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中Youhavetomoveoutofthewayorthetruckcannotgetpastyou.你必须让出路来,否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。while作并列连词,强调两种情况的对比Ilikeblackcoffee,whileheprefersitwithmilk.我爱喝不加牛奶的咖啡,而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
【点津】when可用作并列连词,相当于andatthis/thattime,意为“正在这/那时,突然……”,常用于下列句式:sbbeabouttodo/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsthwhen...(某人正要做某事,突然……);sbbedoingsthwhen...(某人正在做某事,突然……);sbhad(just)donesthwhen...(某人刚做完某事,突然……)。Hewasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.他正要出去,这时电话铃响了。Hehadjustfinishedwritingareportwhenthebosslethimtypealetter.他刚写完一篇报告,突然老板就让他打一封信件。
单句语法填空1.Thespareroomcanbedesignedasanexcellententertainmentcenter,aplayroom,oralargehomeoffice.2.Guidedogsoffersocial,physicalandmentalbenefitsforsomepeoplewhoareblind,buttrainingthemisanexpensiveandlongprocess.3.MoYanwasabsorbedinwritinghisnovelanddidn’tlookupwhenthereportercamein.4.Anotherhourandwewillcompletethetasksenttous.orbutandand
对比记忆9大状语从句状语从句项目连接词例句注意事项时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,until,themoment等①WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Imetafriendofmine.②Iwilltellhimthenewsthemomenthecomes.注意时态一致,一般情况下,在时间状语从句中,表示将来的动作用一般现在时(不可用将来时)地点状语从句where,wherever①Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.②Wearealwayswelcomewhereverwego.注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆,若是定语从句,where前必然有先行词
项目连接词例句注意事项条件状语从句if,unless,as/solongas,once,onconditionthat,incase等①Youshouldgotoschoolunlessyouareseriouslyill.②Hewillcertainlypasstheexamnexttermifheworkshardathislessons.条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时原因状语从句because,since,as,for,now(that)①Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.②AsheisaLeaguemember,hetakestheleadineverythinginhisclass.①because语气最强,用来说明人们所不知道的原因,回答why提出的问题;since次之,as最弱;②as引导的从句往往放在主句前面,用来说明比较明显的原因;for用作连词时,往往表示一种附带的解释、说明或推理
项目连接词例句注意事项让步状语从句although,though,while,as,evenif/though,whatever,however,whoever,nomatterwhat/who/how①Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.②Tiredas/thoughIwas,Iwentonwithmywork.③IwillgoandattendthemeetinghoweverbusyIam.①当用though或although引导从句时,后面的主句不能有but;②as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语、状语或动词原形提前结果状语从句so...that...,such...that...,sothat①Herunssofastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.②ItwassuchaninterestingnovelthatIreaditthreetimes.③IgotuplatesothatImissedtheearlybus.在so...that...和such...that...结构中,so为副词,后面跟形容词、副词或分词,而such为限定词,后面只能跟名词或名词短语
项目连接词例句注意事项方式状语从句as,justas,asif,asthough①Weshouldworkandstudyashedid.②Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.asif,asthough在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况,常用虚拟语气比较状语从句as...as...,notso...as,比较级＋than①Heworksashardaseveryoneelse(does)intheclass.②Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourschool.可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义:比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数可数名词目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase①Shestudieshardsothat/inorderthatshecanenterakeyuniversity.②Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.从句中常用may,might,can,could,should等情态动词
单句语法填空1.Thoughitis5yearssinceheretiredfromhisworkplace,theoldprofessorremainsactiveintheacademiccircles.2.Feelingfearfulishealthybecauseithelpsyouslowdownandevaluaterisksproperly.3.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighbourincaseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.4.There’llbemoretrafficjamsandtemperatureswillcontinuetorise,sotheproblemsofourenvironmentwillgetevenworse,unlesswedosomethingnow.sincebecauseinunless
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hehungonforafewminutesscreamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn’thearhim.解析:and考查连词。分析句子结构可知,设空处连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意可知,此处表示并列关系。故填and。2.(2022·全国乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperationculturalexchanges.解析:and考查连词。根据语境可知,internationalcooperation和culturalexchanges之间为并列关系,故填并列连词and。
3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.解析:and考查连词。分析句子结构可知,highlightsthewholeadventure与offersaplace之间为并列关系,都作it的谓语,故填并列连词and。4.(2021·全国甲卷)WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakydidthejob.解析:but考查连词。didthejob和Mybikewasoldandshaky之间是转折关系,应用表示转折的连词but连接。
5.(2021·6月浙江高考)AlthoughMarylovedflowers,shenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.解析:neither根据语境和空后的nor可知,此处是固定句式neither...nor...,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。6.heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.解析:When/As考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,此处表示“当……的时候”,应用When或As引导,首字母需大写。
7.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobiguntiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.解析:or考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,until引导两个并列的时间状语,设空处应用表示选择关系的并列连词。故填or。8.Overtime,thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.解析:as/when考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处表示“随着”或“当……时”,应用as/when引导时间状语从句。9.Whengrowingorganiccrops,farmersdonotusespraystokillpests,theyusechemicalstomakethecropsgrowfaster.解析:butnot...but...为固定搭配,意为“不是……而是……”。
10.Everyfall,alargenumberofgrapesareshippedfromXinjiangtootherpartsofChina,therestaremadeintoraisinsforeasystorage.解析:and设空处前后两个分句为并列关系,故填并列连词and。
Ⅱ.语法填空Sometimes,whippingup(匆匆做)atastymealfeelslikethebestwaytorelax,evenifittakesalittletime1(prepare).Butmorethanjustsatisfyingyourappetite,cookingcanliterallyfeellikeatherapy(治疗)session.Therapistsarenowusingcookingcoursesas2actualapproachtotreatingdepression,anxiety,andotherpsychologicaldisordersin3(they)patients.Asitturnsout,thepsychologicaleffectofcookingameal—whetherit’sforyourself,orforothers—4(be)multifaceted(多方面的).Itcanprovidedifferentpeople5differentexperiencesfromthecomfortingsenseofbeingincontroltothe6(free)ofexpressingcreativityinthekitchen.
7thistaskispotentiallysmall,itcangivepeopleasenseofpower—onethattheymightnotnaturallyhaveontheirownintheirdailylivesoutsidethekitchen.Accordingtoa2016study8(publish)inTheJournalofPositivePsychology,peoplewhospendtimeoncreativegoalslive9(happy)livesthanthosewhodon’t,andcookingsomethingneworgettingoutofyourcomfortzonetotallycountsasanactofcreativity.Sonexttimeyou’vehadanawfulday,consider10(make)thissupersimplehomemadechicken!语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了做饭是一种治疗方法,它可以治疗抑郁症、焦虑症和其他心理疾病。
1.toprepare考查非谓语动词。Ittakessometimetodosth是固定句型,意为“花一些时间去做某事”。语境表示即使做饭需要花一点时间去准备。故填toprepare。2.an考查冠词。approach是可数名词的单数形式,此处表示泛指,其前应用不定冠词,又因actual的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。3.their考查代词。空后的patients是可数名词的复数形式,此处表示所属关系,其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。4.is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此句的主语是thepsychologicaleffect,谓语动词应用单数形式;根据语境和上文中的谓语动词are和turnsout的时态可知,此处也应用一般现在时,表示客观叙述。故填is。
5.with考查固定搭配。provide...with...是固定短语,意为“为……提供……”。故填with。6.freedom考查词形转换。空前是冠词,空后是介词,此处应用名词。故填freedom。7.Though/Although/While考查状语从句。此处表示虽然这项任务可能很小,但它可以给人们一种掌控感。故填Though/Although/While。8.published考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,第一个分句的谓语动词是live,此处应用非谓语动词。因publish与study之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。9.happier考查形容词的比较级。lives是名词,结合空后的than可知,此处应用形容词的比较级。故填happier。10.making考查非谓语动词。considerdoingsth是固定搭配,意为“考虑做某事”。故填making。
Ⅲ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文,注意连接词的运用)DearPeter,Gladtohearfromyou1.andyou’rewelcometoChinainJuly(欢迎你七月份来中国).I’mgreatlywillingtointroducesomesignificantChinesecustomstoyou.andyou’rewelcometoChinainJuly
Firstly,wegreeteachotherbysaying“Hello”oraskingsuchquestionsas“Whereareyougoing?”or“Areyoubusy?”toexpressourcare.Secondly,2.whenpraised,wereplywith“Oh,no!”or“I’mflattered”toshowgoodmanners(当受到表扬时,我们回答“哦,不!”或者“过奖了”来表现出礼貌).Additionally,3.whenreceivingagift,weusuallysay“It’sunnecessary.”aswellas“Thanks.”toshowpolitenessandthenputitaway(当收到礼物时,我们通常会说“没必要”,也会说“谢谢”以示礼貌,然后把它收起来).Finally,atdinnerparties,wetalkloudlyandtouchglasses4.whendrinkingtosomeone’shealthorsuccess(当我们为某人的健康或成功而喝酒时)toshowthatwe’rewarm.whenpraised,wereplywith“Oh,no!”or“I’mflattered”toshowgoodmannerswhenreceivingagift,weusuallysay“It’sunnecessary.”aswellas“Thanks.”toshowpolitenessandthenputitawaywhendrinkingtosomeone’shealthorsuccess
Anyhow,differentcultures,differentcustoms.5.IfyoudoastheRomansdowheninRome,you’llenjoymoreofyourstayhere(如果你入乡随俗,你会在这里享受更多的时光).Ihopewhat’smentionedabovemightbehelpfulandwishyouapleasantjourney.Yourssincerely,LiHuaIfyoudoastheRomansdowheninRome,you’llenjoymoreofyourstayhere
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