四川省绵阳南山中学2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末英语（解析版）.docx

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绵阳南山中学2022年秋季高2021级线上自学效果测试英语试卷注意事项：1、本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两大部分，共150分。考试时间120分钟。2、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡上相应的位置。3、全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。第Ⅰ卷(选择题共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatismostprobablytheman?A.Asalesman.B.Aprogrammer.C.Arepairman.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WhendoyouwanttheTVfixed?W:Thesooner,thebetter.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthedoctoradvisethewomantodo?A.Avoidstrongdrinks.B.Losesomeweight.C.Giveupsmoking.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Onlytea?Oh,comeon,havesomethingstronger.W:No,justtea.It’sthedoctor’sorders.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowlongistheparkopenonSaturdays?第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A.9hours.B.10hours.C.13hours.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hello.AquaPark.CanIhelpyou?W:Yes,please.I’dlikesomeinformation.AreyouopenonSaturdays?M:We’reopeneveryday,from9:00inthemorninguntil6:00,butonSaturdaysweclosemuchlater,at10:00.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatmakesthewomanupset?A.Hergrade.B.Herwork.C.Herhealth.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’msoangrywithmyresults!M:Why?Whathappened?W:Well,IfailedmyChineseoraltestby3points,andIworkedsohardforit!M:Ohno.Pooryou.5.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Drivetothecountryside.B.Gohorseriding.C.Workinthefields.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’mfreetoday.Whatwouldyouthinkofdoingsomethingalittleunusual?M:Well…Howaboutgoinghorseridingoutinthefields?W:Goodidea.Ilovethefeelingofridingahorse.Wealsocanfeedthehorses.M:That’sright.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whenwon’tthemancome?第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A.OnWednesday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.7.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Cleanthefloor.B.Decoratethebathroom.C.Packsomeclothes.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:CouldyoucomeWednesdayandSaturdayafternoonstocleanmyhouse,James?M:Wednesdayisnoproblem,butSaturdayisalittletight.IsitpossibletochangetoSunday?W:SundayafternoonsarealsoOK.M:WhatkindofhouseworkdoIneedtodo?W:Mainlycleanthefloor,washclothes,cleanthebathroom,andetc.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whereisthepaperfortheprinter?A.Onthebottomshelf.B.Onthetopshelf.C.Onthefloor.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salesmanandcustomer.B.Bossandassistant.C.Colleagues.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,couldyouhelpmegetsomethingfromthetopshelf,please?M:Sure,whatdoyouneed?W:Ineedsomepaperfortheprinter.I’mnotsurewhyit’sallthewayupthere.It’susuallyonthebottomshelf.M:Noproblem.Hereyouare.W:Thanks.Havewemetbefore?I’vebeenhereforalmostthreeyears,andIdon’tthinkI’veseenyouaroundherebefore.I’mBettyApplegate,Mr.Wolf’sassistant.M:Nicetomeetyou,Ms.Applegate.I’mMilesChaplin.Ijuststartedintheaccountingdepartmentlastweek.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Howmuchwillthewomansavebybuyingtheshirtonline?A.$24.B.$16.C.$10.11.Whatistheman’sattitudetoonlineshopping?A.Excited.B.Interested.C.Cautious.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 12.Whatcolordoesthemanlikebest?A.Brown.B.Green.C.Blue.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【解析】【原文】M:Tina,myshirtistootight,isn’tit?Someofmyfriendswerelaughingatmetoday.W:Yes,itisalittletight.Let’sbuyyouanewone.Oh,lookhere,dear.Thisshirtcostsonly24dollarsontheInternet;I’veseenitfor40intheshops.M:Butdon’tyouthinkitlooksratherunfashionable?W:No,Ithinkitwillsuityouwell.I’mgoingtobuyyouone.M:OntheInternet?W:Yes,thenwedon’thavetogoout.Theysayitcanbedeliveredin48hours.M:ButIdon’tthinkitissafetoshareourcreditcardinformationwithastranger.W:That’snotaproblemTheyhaveathirdpartysafetycontrol.M:ButIcan’ttryitonbeforebuying.W:Don’tworry.Theyhavedifferentsizesandcolors.Iwillorderyoursizeandyourfavoritecolor—brown,right?M:ButwhatifIamnotsatisfiedwiththequality?W:IfwearenotsatisfiedwewillreturntheT-shirt,andtheywillreturnourmoney.M:OK.Thenlet’stryshoppingontheInternet.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Togetsomeadvice.B.Toinvitehertodinner.C.ToaskaboutEnglishhomework.14.Whatisthewoman’splanforthisevening?A.Studyingathome.B.Holdingadinnerparty.C.Havingadrinkwiththeman.15.WhatdoesthemaninvitethewomantodoonFridayevening?A.Drivetothecountryside.B.EnjoyDeliciousfood.C.Haveadrink.16.WhendoesthewomanusuallygetuponSaturdays?第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A.At9:00.B.At10:00.C.At11:00.【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Betty.It’sme,Tim.AmIcallingatabadtime?W:No,notreally.M:Ihaveinvitedsomeofmyfriendstodinneratmyhousethisevening.Ithoughtmaybeyou’dliketocome,too.W:Well,thatsoundsgood,butI’mafraidI’vegottodosomereadingformyEnglishcourseathome.M:TodayisFriday.You’vegottorelaxandenjoyyourselfontheweekend.W:Iknow.Butthereisalotofreadingtodo.Besides,Ireallyoughttodomywashingthisevening.M:Thenwouldyouliketocomejustforadrinklateroninstead?W:Actually,I’dliketogotobedearlytonight.I’mabittired.M:OK.Haveagoodrest.I’llcallyouagaintomorrow.W:Don’tcallmeearly.Iusuallysleepuntil9:00onSaturdays.M:What?That’llbetoolateforourSaturdaycountrydrive.W:DidIsayI’dgowithyouforadrivetothecountry?M:No,butIhavealreadyplannedeverything.W:Listen,Tim,Iliketoplanmyowndaysmyself.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whomisthespeakertalkingto?A.Teachers.B.Newstudents.C.Visitors.18.Whatdepartmentisnewlyopened?A.TheEnglishdepartment.B.TheChinesedepartment.C.TheRussiandepartment.19.WherearetheteachersintheEnglishdepartmentmainlyfrom?A.EnglandandAmerica.B.AmericaandAustralia.C.AmericaandCanada.20.Whichisthelargestbuildinginthecollege?A.Themainlibrary.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B.Thedininghall.C.TheEnglishdepartmentbuilding.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Boysandgirls,ourschoolisaninternationallanguagecollege.Asyousee,therearealotofbuildingsoncampus.Thecollegeusedtohavefourdepartments—English,French,GermanandRussian.ButthereisnowalsoaChinesedepartment.Atthemomentwe’reoutsideyourdepartment,theEnglishdepartment,whichisthelargestdepartmentinthecollege.Thereareover750studentsineachgradeandwehave350teachers,including150professors.Theseteachersarefromdifferentcountries,mainlyfromtheUSAandCanada,withafewfromEnglandandAustralia.You’llhaveallyourclasseshereinthisbuildingandalltheprofessorsfromCanadaareworkinghere,soyoucantalkwiththeminyoursparetime.Now,let’swalkovertothemainlibrary,whichisthelargestbuildinginthecollegejustnexttotheEnglishdepartmentbuilding.Ah,thisisthemainlibrary.OK,let’scometothenextbuilding—thedininghall,whereyouwillhaveyourmealseveryday.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACouldyoucookChristmasdinnerinanAIRFRYER?Graphicshowstheydeliverjuicyresultsonaroastchicken...andtheyareuptothreetimescheaperthananoventorun.WHICHAPPLIANCEISBESTFORCOOKINGCHICKEN?ApplianceElectricovenPressurecookerAirfryerSlowcookerHalogenovenCookingtime76mins32mins53mins180mins54minsEnergyusedtocook1.157kWh0.336kWh0.54kWh0.9kWh1.166kWhCosttocook39p11p18p31p40pQualityMeatwasaCookedratherJuicy,WellcookedFullofflavor第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 littledrybuttheskinwascrispyandbrownedthanroasted,skinnotcrispyflavorsomemeatwithacrispybrownskinbutskinonlyslightlycrispywithacrispyskinTheWhich?testersinitiallycookedathree-pound(1.4kg)chickeninalltheseappliances,includingbothahalogenandconventionaloven.Thisbirdwouldbebigenoughtofeedfourpeople,withenoughmeatleftforsomeBoxingDaysandwiches.Theyfoundthepressurecookerwasboththecheapestandquickestwayofroastingit,taking32minutesandcostingatiny11p–28pcheaperthantheelectricoven.Butunliketheoven,itfellshortongettingachievingoneofthehighlightsoftheChristmasroast–thebrown,crispyskin.Theairfryeralsocookedthechicken’sskinnicelybutgaveperfect,tendermeat,allforjust18pandinunderanhour.Additionally,ifyouditchedtheovenandusedanairfryerforeverySundayroastfortherestoftheyear,usingthegadgetwouldequatetoanannualsavingof£11.Thetestersdidnotethatthechickencookedintheelectricovenwasalsoalittledry,meaningtheairfryercameoutontopoverallotherappliances.Thecostsavingswillsoonbelostifyouhavetocookmorethanonebatchthough,soit’sstillbettertouseyourovenifyou’recookinglargequantities.However,theslowcookerreceivedabonuspointforrequiringlesshands-onattention,andwasthereforethemostconvenient.21.Whichappliancebestsuitsenvironmentally-awarepeopleenjoyingacrispychicken?A.Pressurecooker.B.Electricoven.C.Halogenoven.D.Airfryer.22.Whatisprobablythemajorreasonforpeopletousepressurecooker?A.Size.B.Appearance.C.Cost.D.Safety.23.Whatistheadvantageofusingtheslowcooker?A.Itcostsleastmoney.B.Itneedslessattention.C.It’smostenergyefficient.D.Itsappearanceisfashionable.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要通过烹饪时间，耗能，成本和质量等它方面来描述几种烹饪鸡肉的电器。【21题详解】细节理解题。由表格可知，高压锅耗费能量最少，但根据表格Quality行“Cookedratherthanroasted,skinnotcrispy(熟的而不是烤的，皮不脆)”可知高压锅无法实现烤鸡的酥脆外皮，所以排除A；其次是空气炸锅耗能量较少，根据表格的Quality行“Juicy,flavorsomemeatwithacrispybrownskin(多汁可口的肉，外皮呈脆棕色)”可知，空气炸锅做出来的烤鸡外皮是酥脆的，所以对于那些享受脆皮鸡的环保人士来说，空气炸锅最合适。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格下的第二段“Theyfoundthepressurecookerwasboththecheapestandquickestwayofroastingit,taking32minutesandcostingatiny11p–28pcheaperthantheelectricoven.(他们发现高压锅是最便宜和最快的烘烤方式，耗时32分钟，成本比电炉便宜11便士–28便士)”可知，人们使用高压锅主要可能因为便宜。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“However,theslowcookerreceivedabonuspointforrequiringlesshands-onattention,andwasthereforethemostconvenient.(慢炖锅由于需要较少的动手注意力而获得加分，因此是最方便的)”可知，慢炖锅的优势是需要较少的关注。故选B。BWhenIwasalittlegirl,growingupinIowa,myfavoritethingtodowasread—sameastoday.So,whenIthoughtaboutwhatIwantedtobewhenIgrewup,IfiguredI’dbealibrarian.Ourtownlibrarian,Mrs.Tonne,wasreallyimportanttomebecomingme.Thelibraryhadatwo-booklimit,butsheknewI’dblowthroughthoseinjustafewdays,soshealwaysletmecheckoutabigstack.AndwhenIwasinfourthgrade,ourschoollibrarian,Mrs.Ketelsen,sentsomepoemsI’dwrittenaboutdinosaurstoHighlightsmagazine.Myfirstpublishedwriting!AttheUniversityofIowa,majoringinjournalism,IquicklylearnedthatIdidnotwanttobeanewspaperreporter.I’mshyaboutinterviewingpeople,whichamusesalmosteveryonewhoknowsmeandthinksI’moutgoing.(Iam,butonlywithpeopleIknow!)SoIwasthrilledwhenIwasselectedforasummerinternship(实习)atReader’sDigest.Tenyearsafterthat,IcamebacktoRDtoworkasaneditor.I’veworkedatothermagazinestoo,butI’vespentmostofmycareerhere,readingmagazines,newspapers,websites,andbooksforstorieswecouldrewrite;writingarticles;evenchoosingjokes.Thisissueseemsliketheperfectonetointroducemyselftoyouall.“TheTractorWar”(page92)takesmehometotheMidwest.“SomethingtoSneezeAt”(page47)remindsmeofallthesneezingIdidwhenImovedtoNewYorkCityandwassuddenlyallergic(过敏的)tograssesandtrees.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 “PetBesties”(page58)makesmethinkaboutmycats,brothersReggieandSmokey,whoaresittingtogetheratthewindowasIwrite.Irelatetolotsofourstoriesthismonth,andIhopeyoudotoo.Enjoy!24.WhatdidMrs.TonneandMrsKetelsenhaveincommon?A.Theywereinspiringandgeneroustownlibrarians.B.Theyallowedtheauthortocheckoutmorebooks.C.Theywerekeytotheauthor’scareerdevelopment.D.Theypublishedtheauthor’swritinginamagazine.25.Whydidn’ttheauthorwanttobeanewspaperreporter?A.Sheisamusingtohercolleagues.B.Sheisout-goingwithherfriends.C.Sheisthrilledaboutherinternship.D.Sheisshyaboutquestioningpeople.26.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Howthestoriesthismonthrelatetotheauthor.BWhattheauthorwasallergictoinNewYork.C.Whattheauthor’shomeislikeinMidwest.D.Howclosetheauthor’spetsaretoher.27.Whatisthetext?A.Adiaryentry.B.Aneditor’snote.C.Abookreview.D.Anacademicessay.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文是《读者文摘》杂志副主编在某一期“致读者”栏目中写给读者的一封信。信中回忆了自己与杂志编辑工作的情缘，同时对本期内容作了亲切深情的的介绍以及自己的希望。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“So,whenIthoughtaboutwhatIwantedtobewhenIgrewup,IfiguredI’dbealibrarian.Ourtownlibrarian,Mrs.Tonne,wasreallyimportanttomebecomingme.Thelibraryhadatwo-booklimit,butsheknewI’dblowthroughthoseinjustafewdays,soshealwaysletmecheckoutabigstack.AndwhenIwasinfourthgrade,ourschoollibrarian,Mrs.Ketelsen,sentsomepoemsI’dwrittenaboutdinosaurstoHighlightsmagazine.Myfirstpublishedwriting!(第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 所以，当我想到我长大后想做什么时，我想我会成为一名图书管理员。我们镇图书管理员托恩夫人对我成为我自己非常重要。图书馆最多只能借两本书，但她知道我几天内就会读完，所以她总是让我借一大叠书。在我上四年级的时候，我们学校的图书管理员，Ketelsen夫人，把我写的一些关于恐龙的诗寄给了《亮点》杂志。我第一次发表作品!)”可知，Mrs.Tonne和MrsKetelsen对作者成为编辑给予很多帮助，因此他们对于作者的事业发展是关键的。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AttheUniversityofIowa,majoringinjournalism,IquicklylearnedthatIdidnotwanttobeanewspaperreporter.I’mshyaboutinterviewingpeople,whichamusesalmosteveryonewhoknowsmeandthinksI’moutgoing.(在爱荷华大学攻读新闻专业时，我很快意识到自己并不想成为一名报社记者。我对面试别人很害羞，这让几乎所有认识我、认为我很外向的人都很好笑)”可知，作者没有成为报社记者是因为她对于问人问题害羞。故选D。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段““TheTractorWar”(page92)takesmehometotheMidwest.“SomethingtoSneeze(打喷嚏)At”(page47)remindsmeofallthesneezingIdidwhenImovedtoNewYorkCityandwassuddenlyallergic(过敏)tograssesandtrees.“PetBesties”(page58)makesmethinkaboutmycats,brothersReggieandSmokey,whoaresittingtogetheratthewindowasIwrite.Irelatetolotsofourstoriesthismonth,andIhopeyoudotoo.(《拖拉机战争》(第92页)带我回到中西部的家。《对着打喷嚏的东西》(第47页)让我想起了我搬到纽约后突然对草和树过敏时打喷嚏的情形。《宠物闺蜜》(第58页)让我想起了我的猫，雷吉(Reggie)和斯莫基(Smokey)兄弟，当我写作时，他们正一起坐在窗前。这个月我讲了很多我们的故事，我希望你们也这样做)”可知，作者讲述了这个月的故事和作者的关系。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Tenyearsafterthat,IcamebacktoRDtoworkasaneditor.I’veworkedatothermagazinestoo,butI’vespentmostofmycareerhere,readingmagazines,newspapers,websites,andbooksforstorieswecouldrewrite;writingarticles;evenchoosingjokes.Thisissueseemsliketheperfectonetointroducemyselftoyouall.(十年后，我回到RD做编辑。我也在其他杂志工作过，但我职业生涯的大部分时间都在这里度过，阅读杂志、报纸、网站和书籍，寻找我们可以重写的故事；写文章；甚至选择笑话。这个问题似乎是向大家介绍我自己的最佳时机)”以及全文内容可知，本文是《读者文摘》杂志副主编在某一期“致读者”栏目中写给读者的一封信。信中回忆了自己与杂志编辑工作的情缘，同时对本期内容作了亲切深情的的介绍以及自己的希望。由此推知，本文是一个编辑的笔记。故选B。CAstudyclaimsthatwearabledevicescouldalsobeusedbycowsonthefarmsofthefuture.Researchersfrom第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 SouthwestJiaotongUniversityinChinahavedevelopedasmartwatchthatcanbeusedtomonitorcows’healthreproductivityandlocation.“Monitoringenvironmentalandhealthinformationofcattlecanhelppreventdiseasesandimprovetheefficiencyofpasturebreeding(草场培育)andmanagement,”saidZutaoZhang,co-authorofthestudy.Inthestudy,theteamsetouttodevelopawearabledevicethatcouldbeusedtocollectvitalinformationoncows.“Thisinformationcanincludeoxygenconcentration,airtemperature,amountofexercise,reproductivecycles,disease,andmilkproduction,”explainedMrZhang.Thesmartdevicesarewornaroundthecows’necksandankles.Theycontainauniquemotionenhancementmechanism(运动增强机制)tostrengthensmallmovementsthecowsmake.Oncecaptured,thekineticenergy(动能)fromthecow’smovementsisstoredinabatteryandusedtopowerthedevice.Thismeansthedevicedoesn’tneedtobechargedlikeatraditionalsmartwatch.“Thereisalargeamountofkineticenergythatcanbeharvestedincattle’sdailymovements,suchaswalking,running,andevenneckmovement,”saidco-authorYajiaPan.Toputthedevicetothetest,theresearcherstesteditonhumanparticipants.Thetestsrevealedthatevenalightjogwasenoughtopowertemperaturemeasurementsonthedevice.Beyondcows,theresearcherssaythatthesmartdevicecouldhavearangeofapplicationinhumans.Thisincludesinsportsmonitoring,healthcare,smarthomes,andwirelesssensornetworks.“Kineticenergyiseverywhereintheenvironment—leavesfallinginthewind,themovementofpeopleandanimals—thesephenomenaallcontainalotofkineticenergy,”saidZhang.“Weshouldn’tletthisenergygotowaste.”28.Whydidtheteamdevelopthewearabledevice?A.Tomonitorcows’environmentaleffects.B.Togathervitalinformationoncows.C.Tolocatewherecowsreproduce.D.Toimprovethequalityofmilk.29.Howisthedevicedifferentfromothersmartwatches?A.Itcanbeappliedtomanyhumanrelatedfields.B.Itshouldbewornaroundthecow’snecksandankles.C.Itmakesuseoftheenergyfromthecow’smovements.D.Ittakeslesstimetobechargedthantraditionalsmartwatches.30.Whatdoweknowaboutkineticenergyfromthelasttwoparagraphs?第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A.Itiseasytoharvest.B.Itissimpletotest.C.Itishugeinamount.D.Itiswidelyapplied.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.WearableDevicesintheFutureFarmB.TheKineticEnergyinNaturalWorldC.TheQualityMeatoftheSuperCowsD.WideApplicationsofaNewInvention【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国西南交通大学的研究人员开发了一款智能手表，可以用来监测奶牛的健康、繁殖和位置，且这个设备可以从句奶牛的运动中充电。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中““Monitoringenvironmentalandhealthinformationofcattlecanhelppreventdiseasesandimprovetheefficiencyofpasturebreedingandmanagement,”saidZutaoZhang,co-authorofthestudy.Inthestudy,theteamsetouttodevelopawearabledevicethatcouldbeusedtocollectvitalinformationoncows.“Thisinformationcanincludeoxygenconcentration,airtemperature,amountofexercise,reproductivecycles,disease,andmilkproduction,”explainedMrZhang.(该研究的合著者张祖涛说，“监测牛的环境和健康信息有助于预防疾病，提高牧场育种和管理的效率”。在这项研究中，该团队着手开发一种可穿戴设备，可用于收集奶牛的重要信息。“这些信息包括氧气浓度、空气温度、运动量、生殖周期、疾病和产奶量，”张先生解释道)”可知，该团队开发这种可穿戴设备是为了收集有关奶牛的重要信息。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thesmartdevicesarewornaroundthecows’necksandankles.Theycontainauniquemotionenhancementmechanismtostrengthensmallmovementsthecowsmake.Oncecaptured,thekineticenergyfromthecow’smovementsisstoredinabatteryandusedtopowerthedevice.Thismeansthedevicedoesn’tneedtobechargedlikeatraditionalsmartwatch.(这种智能设备被戴在奶牛的脖子和脚踝上。它们包含一个独特的运动增强机制，以加强奶牛的小动作。一旦捕捉到奶牛运动的动能，就会储存在电池中，为该设备提供动力。这意味着该设备不需要像传统智能手表那样充电)”可知，这款设备能利用奶牛运动的能量。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Thereisalargeamountofkineticenergythatcanbeharvestedincattle’sdailymovements,suchaswalking,running,andevenneckmovement,”saidco-authorYajia第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Pan.(研究报告的合著者潘亚佳说:“在牛的日常运动中，比如走路、跑步，甚至是颈部运动，都可以获得大量的动能。”)”以及最后一段中““Kineticenergyiseverywhereintheenvironment—leavesfallinginthewind,themovementofpeopleandanimals—thesephenomenaallcontainalotofkineticenergy,”saidZhang.(“动能在环境中无处不在——风中飘落的树叶，人和动物的运动——这些现象都含有大量的动能，”张说)”可知，动能在自然界中无处不在，且数量巨大。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Astudyclaimsthatwearabledevicescouldalsobeusedbycowsonthefarmsofthefuture.ResearchersfromSouthwestJiaotongUniversityinChinahavedevelopedasmartwatchthatcanbeusedtomonitorcows’health,reproductivityandlocation.(一项研究称，未来农场的奶牛也可以使用可穿戴设备。中国西南交通大学的研究人员开发了一款智能手表，可以用来监测奶牛的健康、繁殖和位置)”可知，本文主要介绍一种未来奶牛的可穿戴设备。所以A项“WearableDevicesintheFutureFarm(未来农场中的可穿戴设备)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。DIn1838,CharlesDarwinfacedaproblem.Nearinghis30thbirthday,hewastryingtodecidewhethertomarry.Tohelpmakehisdecision,Darwinmadealistoftheexpectedplusesandminusesofmarrying.DarwinisstrugglingwithwhatIcallawildproblem—aforkintheroadoflifewhereknowingwhichpathistherightoneisn’tobvious.Howshouldwegoaheadthen,especiallyifwewanttomakearationaldecision?Aswewillsee,thecost-benefitlistthatDarwinconstructedislesshelpful.Hemanagedtocomeupwithmoreminusesthanpluses.Hislist—especiallyofplusesisthelistmadebywhohasneverbeenmarriedandhasnoaccesstotheupsideoftheinnerlifeofamarriedman.Withmanywildproblems,thedownsideiseasilyimagined,whiletheupsideishiddenfromus.That’sonereasonwildproblemsaresohardtotacklewiththestandardtoolsofrationality.Lessthanayearlater,Darwinmarriedandhadsevensurvivingchildren.Somehow,hemanagedtobecomeoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltimeandforeverchangedourunderstandingofwhowehumanbeingsare.What’sthelessontobelearnedfromhisdecision-makingprocess?Lifeismorethanaccumulatingpleasureoravoidpain.Humanswantpurpose.Wewantmeaning.Wewanttobelongtosomethinglargerthanourselves.Thedecisionswemakeinthefaceofwildproblemsdon’tleadtogooddaysandbaddays.Theydefineus.Theydeterminewhoweare,whowemightaspiretobecome,whowemightcometobe.LearnfromDarwin.Spendlesstimetryingtofigureoutthebestpathtogettowherewewanttogoandspendmoretimethinkingaboutwherewewanttogointhefirstplace.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 32.HowdidDarwindecidewhethertomarryatfirst?A.Hemadearationaldecision.B.Hewasstrugglingwithawildproblem.C.Heconstructedalistofcostsandbenefits.D.Hecameupwithmoreplusesthanminuses.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthestandardtoolsofrationality?A.Critical.B.Impartial.C.Unconcerned.D.Approval.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aspire”meaninParagraph5?A.pretendB.manageC.needD.dream35.WhatcanbelearnedfromDarwin’slesson?A.Lifehasmorepleasurethanpain.B.Itiscrucialtofigureoutourpurpose.C.Lifeisaboutgooddaysandbaddays.D.Howtobesttackleproblemsdefinesus.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达尔文的经历以及他的人生哲学与人生态度，还有值得我们吸取的教训。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段二、三句“Nearinghis30thbirthday,hewastryingtodecidewhethertomarry.Tohelpmakehisdecision,Darwinmadealistoftheexpectedplusesandminusesofmarrying.(快到30岁生日时，他正在考虑是否要结婚。为了帮助他做出决定，达尔文列出了结婚的好处和坏处)”可知，达尔文一开始通过列出一份成本和收益清单来决定是否结婚。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后两句“Withmanywildproblems,thedownsideiseasilyimagined,whiletheupsideishiddenfromus.That’sonereasonwildproblemsaresohardtotacklewiththestandardtoolsofrationality.(对于许多疯狂的问题，消极的一面很容易被想象出来，而积极的一面却被我们隐藏起来。这就是疯狂的问题很难用理性的标准工具来解决的原因之一)”可推知，作者对于理性的标准工具是持批判态度的。故选A项。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词前的“Theydeterminewhoweare第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (它们决定了我们是谁)”，结合画线词该句可知，还决定了我们想要成为什么样的人。故而可推出画线词指的是“想要，梦想”，D选项dream“梦想”符合题意。故选D项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“LearnfromDarwin.Spendlesstimetryingtofigureoutthebestpathtogettowherewewanttogoandspendmoretimethinkingaboutwherewewanttogointhefirstplace.(向达尔文学习。少花点时间试图找出通往我们想去的地方的最佳路径，多花点时间思考我们首先想去的地方)”可知，从达尔文的教训中，我们能学到的是弄清我们的目的是至关重要的。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Researchshowsthatinfectiousdiseasescanbecausedbypathogens(病原体)thatenterthebodythroughawiderangeofmethods.____36____.WashyourhandsWhenitcomestopreventingthespreadofinfectiousdiseases,properhandhygiene(卫生)isvital.____37____andfromtheretoyoureyesandmouthwheretheycangainaccesstoinsideyourbody.Thus,washingyourhandsisoneofthefirststepstotaketoreducethetransferofinfectiousagents.Avoidtouchingyourfaceeyes,andnosePeopletendtotouchtheirfaceseveraltimesthroughouttheday.Thisiswhentheinfectiousagentsinyourhandsgainaccesstoyourbody.____38____,theeyes,thenoseandthemouthdoallow.PrepareandstorefoodsafelySomepathogenscanbetransferredintoyourbodyviafood(socalledfoodborneillnesses).____39____,itcanmultiplyandcauseillness.Thus,itisvitalyouprepareandstoreallfoodappropriately.TravelwiselyBeawareoftherisksofinfectionthatincreasewhenyoutravel.Someinfectionsmaybemorecommoninplaceswhereyouaretravelingcomparedtowhereyoulive.Talktoyourdoctoraboutimportantvaccinationstogetbeforetraveling.____40____.A.IfyouareeverexposedtothepathogenB.Pathogensareeasilytransferred(转移)toyourskinC.ThisallowsyoutobemorepreparedtothenativepathogensD.Withsomehealthyhabits,youcankeepmanyillnessesatbayE.Oncefoodisconsumedandthepathogengainsaccesstoyourbody第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 F.UnderstandinginfectiousdiseaseshelpsyoumanageyourriskfactorsG.Whereanundamagedskindoesnotallowtransferofpathogensintothebody【答案】36.D37.B38.G39.E40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章讲述了传染病可能是由通过多种途径进入人体的病原体引起的。文章就此问题提出了一些解决方法和建议。【36题详解】根据前文“Researchshowsthatinfectiousdiseasescanbecausedbypathogens(病原体)thatenterthebodythroughawiderangeofmethods. (研究表明，传染病可能是由通过多种途径进入人体的病原体引起的。)”以及后文应对措施可知，设空处应该属于过渡句，引起下文。D选项“Withsomehealthyhabits,youcankeepmanyillnessesatbay.(有了一些健康的习惯，你可以远离许多疾病。)”中的healthyhabits与前文的提出的问题相对应，同时引出下文的具体措施。故选D。【37题详解】根据本段的段旨“Washyourhands(洗手)”可知，第一个方法是洗手。同时根据后文“andfromtheretoyoureyesandmouthwheretheycangainaccesstoinsideyourbody. (从那里到你的眼睛和嘴巴，它们可以进入你的身体。)”可知，病毒会从皮肤那里转移到眼睛和嘴巴处然后进入到身体里。此处的there指代前文的皮肤。B选项“Pathogensareeasilytransferred(转移)toyourskin(病原体很容易转移到皮肤上)”中强调病毒很容易转移到皮肤上，由此与下文的病毒进入嘴巴和眼睛，在进入到身体里构成承接关系，由此与本段主题“洗手”呼应。故选B。【38题详解】根据后文“theeyes,thenoseandthemouthdoallow.(但眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴允许。)”可知，眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴允许病原体进入身体，前文强调的是完好的皮肤是不允许病原体进入皮肤的。G选项“Whereanundamagedskindoesnotallowtransferofpathogensintothebody(没有损伤的皮肤不允许病原体进入身体，)”符合语境。故选G。【39题详解】根据前文“Somepathogenscanbetransferredintoyourbodyviafood(socalledfoodborneillnesses).(一些病原体可以通过食物进入你的身体(所谓的食源性疾病)。)”可知，设空处应该承接前文强调病原体很容易从食物进入到身体，由此会造成一定的危害。E选项“Oncefoodisconsumedandthepathogengainsaccesstoyourbody(一旦食物被摄入，病原体就会进入你的身体)”符合语境，承接前文。故选E。【40题详解】根据前文“Talktoyourdoctoraboutimportantvaccinationstogetbeforetraveling.(第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 和你的医生谈谈旅行前需要接种的重要疫苗。)”可知，在旅行前应该和医生谈谈旅行前需要接种的重要疫苗，后文应该强调这种做法的好处。C选项中“Thisallowsyoutobemorepreparedtothenativepathogens.(这让你对原生病原体更有准备。)”中的this指代前文的“在旅行前应该和医生谈谈旅行前需要接种的重要疫苗”的情况，带来的好处是对原生病原体更有准备。故选C。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完型填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mistydidn’talwaysfeelsoconfidentinherself.Thechallengesshehas___41___overalmost20yearsofdancinghavemadeherstrong.Attheyoungage,Mistywasashychildand___42___thespotlight(聚光灯).Butsheloved___43___andmovement.Whenshewas13,hercoach___44___sheattendafreeballetclassattheBoys&GirlsClub.Atfirst,Mistywas___45___tojoininandfeltoutofplaceintheclass.___46___,shediscoveredthatherbody—especiallyherlonglegsandflexible___47___—wasjustrightforballet,which___48___herup.However,attheageof19,shesuddenlygain___49___.“Mybodychanged____50____overthecourseofseveralmonths,”shesays.Mistyhadalwaysbeenlongand____51____,whichwasconsidered“perfect”foraballetdancer’sbody.Butnow,shesays,“Iwasbeingtoldthatmyproportions(比例)justweren’trightanymore.”____52____,Mistywasthe____53____AfricanAmericaninacompanyof80dancers.Soshesometimesfeltasifshedidn’tfitin.Mistysaysthistimewas“oneofthe____54____momentsofmylife.”EventhoughMistyfeltdiscouraged,shedidn’tbreak____55____.Shetalkedwithotherswhohadstruggledwithsimilarproblems.Withthesupportofthesefriends,thingsslowly____56____.Today,Mistysays,“I’velearnedtoacceptmyappearance,skincolor,andfigure.”Shewantstohelpotherdancers____57____themselves,too.Inherownbook,Firebird,Mistytellsreadersto____58____theirdreams:“Nomatterwhatthatdreamis,”shewrites,“youhavethe____59____tomakeitcometruewithhardworkand____60____.”41.A.facedB.sufferedC.acceptedD.made42.A.avoidedB.likedC.ignoredD.needed43.A.lifeB.artC.musicD.literature44.A.instructedB.askedC.rejectedD.suggested45.A.proudB.afraidC.surprisedD.excited46.A.AtherageB.BythismeansC.WithcourageD.Overtime第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 47.A.hoursB.mindsC.musclesD.skills48.A.pickedB.cheeredC.madeD.brought49.A.accessB.strengthC.confidenceD.weight50.A.completelyB.badlyC.interestinglyD.strongly51.A.tallB.slimC.healthyD.beautiful52.A.PitifullyB.UnfortunatelyC.AdditionallyD.Sadly53.A.poorestB.firstC.onlyD.special54.A.scariestB.happiestC.bestD.toughest55.A.offB.downC.upD.away56.A.improvedB.happenedC.turnedD.worsened57.A.believeB.changeC.likeD.accept58.A.giveupB.goafterC.putupwithD.bearinmind59.A.importunityB.desireC.faithD.power60.A.supportB.devotionC.fortuneD.experience【答案】41.A42.A43.C44.D45.B46.D47.C48.B49.D50.A51.B52.C53.C54.D55.B56.A57.D58.B59.D60.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黑人女孩Misty在追梦路上，不断克服自我与外界带来的困扰和质疑，成功成为一名优秀的芭蕾舞者的故事。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在近20年的舞蹈生涯中所面临的挑战使她变得更加坚强。A.faced面对；B.suffered遭受；C.accepted接受；D.made制作。由上文“Thechallengesshehas”可知，此处指她面临的挑战使她变得更加坚强，故选A。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在小时候，Misty是一个害羞的孩子，总是避免处于聚光灯下。A.avoided避免；B.liked喜欢；C.ignored忽视；D.needed需要。由上文“Mistywasashychild”可知，Misty很害羞，所以总是避免处于聚光灯下，故选A。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她喜欢音乐和舞蹈。A.life生活；B.art艺术；C.music音乐；D.literature文学。由下文“andmovement”和下文讲到她成为一名优秀的芭蕾舞者可知，她喜欢跳舞，跳舞就会有音乐和舞蹈，所以此处指她喜欢音乐，故选C。第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她13岁的时候，她的教练建议她参加男孩女孩俱乐部的一个免费芭蕾课程。A.instructed指导；B.asked问；C.rejected拒绝；D.suggested建议。由下文“sheattendafreeballetclassattheBoys&GirlsClub”可知，此处指教练建议她参加男孩女孩俱乐部的一个免费芭蕾课程，故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，Misty不敢加入，觉得自己在课堂上格格不入。A.proud骄傲的；B.afraid害怕的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.excited兴奋的。由下文“feltoutofplaceintheclass”可知，她认为自己在课堂上格格不入，这说明她不敢加入，故选B。【46题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她发现自己的身体——尤其是她的长腿和灵活的肌肉——正适合跳芭蕾舞，这让她振奋起来。A.Atherage在她那个年龄；B.Bythismeans用这种方法；C.Withcourage勇敢地；D.Overtime随着时间的过去。由上文“Atfirst”和下文“shediscoveredthatherbody—especiallyherlonglegsandflexible__7___—wasjustrightforballet,”可知，刚开始她不敢上芭蕾课，但是随着时间流逝，她发现自己的身体很灵活，适合跳芭蕾舞，故选D。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她发现自己的身体——尤其是她的长腿和灵活的肌肉——正适合跳芭蕾舞，这让她振奋起来。A.hours小时；B.minds想法；C.muscles肌肉；D.skills技能。由下文“wasjustrightforballet”可知，她发现自己的长腿和灵活的肌肉适合跳芭蕾，故选C。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她发现自己的身体——尤其是她的长腿和灵活的肌肉——正适合跳芭蕾舞，这让她振奋起来。A.picked挑选；B.cheered欢呼；鼓舞；C.made制作；D.brought带来。短语：cheersb.up“使某人振奋”由下文“herup”和上文提到的她喜欢跳舞可知，她发现自己适合跳芭蕾，这让她振奋起来，故选B。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在她19岁的时候，她的体重突然增加了。A.access入口；B.strength力气；C.confidence自信心；D.weight重量；体重。由下文“Mistyhadalwaysbeenlongand,___11_____whichwasconsidered“perfect”foraballetdancer’sbody.Butnow,shesays,“Iwasbeingtoldthatmyproportions(比例)justweren’trightanymore.”可知，but前后是转折关系，以前她身材比例很好，适合跳舞，但是现在她体重增加，比例不协调，不适合跳舞，故选D。【50题详解】第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说，“在几个月的时间里，我的身体完全发生了变化。”A.completely完全；B.badly严重地；非常；C.interestingly有趣地；D.strongly强烈地。由下文“Butnow,shesays,“Iwasbeingtoldthatmyproportions(比例)justweren’trightanymore.””可知，此处指她身体完全发生了变化，所以身材比例不协调，故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Misty一直都很修长，这被认为是“完美”的芭蕾舞者的身体。A.tall高的；B.slim苗条的；C.healthy健康的；D.beautiful漂亮的。由下文“whichwasconsidered“perfect”foraballetdancer’sbody.”和常识可知，身材修长适合跳舞，故选B。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，在一个有80名舞者的舞团中Misty是唯一的非洲裔美国人。A.Pitifully可怜地；B.Unfortunately不幸地；C.Additionally此外；D.Sadly悲伤地。下文“Soshesometimesfeltasifshedidn’tfitin.”提到她认为自己不适合跳舞了，上文提到了原因，第一个原因是她身材比例不协调了，此外，她是唯一一个非洲裔美国人，故选C。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，在一个有80名舞者的舞团中Misty是唯一的非洲裔美国人。A.poorest最贫穷的；B.first第一的；C.only仅有的；D.special特别的。由下文“AfricanAmericaninacompanyof80dancers”可知，在一个有80名舞者的舞团中Misty是唯一的非洲裔美国人。故选C。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Misty说这次是“我生命中最艰难的时刻之一。”A.scariest最害怕的；B.happiest最高兴的；C.best最好的；D.toughest最艰难的。由上文“Soshesometimesfeltasifshedidn’tfitin”可知，她认为自己不再适合跳芭蕾舞，所以她感到很难过，认为这是她生命中最艰难的时刻之一，故选D。【55题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管Misty感到沮丧，但她并没有崩溃。A.off脱离；B.down向下；C.up向上；D.away离开；距离……有多远。由but可知，前后是转折关系，虽然她感到沮丧，但是没有崩溃，breakdown固定搭配，意为“崩溃”，故选B。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些朋友支持下，情况慢慢好转。A.improved提高；改善；B.happened发生；C.turned转身；D.worsened变坏。由上文“Withthesupportofthesefriends,”可知，有了朋友的支持，一切都慢慢好转，故选A。【57题详解】第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她也想帮助其他舞者接受自己。A.believe相信；B.change改变；C.like喜欢；D.accept接受。由上文“I’velearnedtoacceptmyappearance,skincolor,andfigure.”可知，她慢慢接受了自己，所以也想帮助其他舞者接受自己，故选D。【58题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在她自己的书《火鸟》中，Misty告诉读者去追逐他们的梦想:“不管那个梦想是什么”她写道，“你有能力通过努力和奉献使它成为现实。A.giveup放弃；B.goafter追逐；C.putupwith忍受；D.bearinmind记住。由下文“theirdreams”和“makeitcometrue”可知，此处指她告诉读者要追逐自己的梦想。故选B。【59题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她自己的书《火鸟》中，Misty告诉读者去追逐他们的梦想:“不管那个梦想是什么”她写道，“你有能力通过努力和奉献使它成为现实。A.importunity强求；B.desire渴望；C.faith信心；D.power力量；实力。由下文“tomakeitcometruewithhardwork”可知，她告诉读者要勇敢追逐自己的梦想，因为你有实力使梦想成真。故选D。【60题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她自己的书《火鸟》中，Misty告诉读者去追逐他们的梦想:“不管那个梦想是什么”她写道，“你有能力通过努力和奉献使它成为现实。A.support支持；B.devotion忠心；奉献；投入；付出；C.fortune运气；D.experience经历；经验。由上文“tomakeitcometruewithhardworkand”可知，她告诉读者要勇于追逐自己的梦想，用努力和付出来实现自己的梦想。故选B。第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共50分)第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。TibetwasaregionIwasdesperatetosee,butitsremotenessandmyinabilitytogodelayedmyjourney.Lastsummer,mybrotherandIfinallydecidedtotake____61____trip.WesetoffattheGuangzhoutrainstationandthreedayslater,wearrivedinLhasa.Thetripcertainlytookawhile;however,we____62____(reward)withthemostbeautifulviewsandmadefriendsalongtheway,allata____63____(low)costthanflying.WestartedourtourofLhasawatchingpilgrims(朝圣者)doingtheirmorningprayers,____64____(wide)exploringthepalace.WehadanincrediblelunchatoneofthebestrestaurantsinLhasa,____65____offeredabeautifulviewoverlookingtheJokhangTemple.ThenwestartedourjourneytotheQomolangmabasecamp____66____roadfromLhasa.Alongthewaywestopped____67____(admire)theYamdrokLake.Itsbeautywasbeyond____68____(describe).第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Aboutaweeklater,wearrived.Westayedinaguesthousejustnexttothebasecampandafterdroppingoffourluggage,____69____(head)straightoutsidetoseetheMt.Qomolangma.Thetipofthemountainemergedthroughtheclouds,_____70_____(astonish)uswithitsunbelievableheight.Thecloudspartedandwewatchedthesunsetoverthepeak.【答案】61.the62.wererewarded63.lower64.widely65.which66.by67.toadmire68.description69.headed70.astonishing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了我的西藏之旅。【61题详解】考查定冠词。句意：去年夏天，我和哥哥终于决定去旅行。空处修饰名词trip，且特指前面提到的西藏之旅，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。【62题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这次旅行当然花了一些时间；然而，一路上我们收获了最美丽的景色，结交了很多朋友，所有这些花费都比坐飞机要低。分析句子可知，本句描述的是过去的事实，空处谓语动词应填一般过去式，且动词reward与主语we之间为被动关系，要用被动语态，同时，谓语与主语应保持主谓一致，用复数。故填wererewarded。【63题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这次旅行当然花了一些时间；然而，一路上我们收获了最美丽的景色，结交了很多朋友，所有这些花费都比坐飞机要低。空处修饰名词cost，应填形容词作定语，又根据空后的than可知，空处应填形容词比较级lower，表示“更低”。故填lower。【64题详解】考查副词。句意：我们开始了我们的拉萨之旅，观看朝圣者做晨祷，广泛地探索宫殿。空处修饰动词exploring，应填副词widely作状语，表示“广泛地”。故填widely。【65题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们在拉萨最好的餐厅之一吃了一顿令人难以置信的午餐，在那里可以俯瞰大昭寺的美丽景色。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替先行词restaurants第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ，指物，并在从句中充当主语，所以填关系代词which。故填which。【66题详解】考查介词。句意：然后我们开始了从拉萨出发前往珠峰大本营的旅程。根据句意，此处表示“沿公路，通过公路”，应用byroad。故填by。【67题详解】考查不定式。句意：一路上我们停下来欣赏羊卓雍措湖。结合句意可知，此处表示“停下来去做某事”为stoptodosth.。故填toadmire。【68题详解】考查名词。句意：它的美无法形容。此处应用名词description作介词beyond的宾语，且beyonddescription“无法形容，难以形容”，为固定表达。故填description。【69题详解】考查时态。句意：我们住在大本营旁边的一家宾馆里，放下行李后，直奔外面去看珠穆朗玛峰。分析句子可知，空处和上文stayed是并列的谓语动词，也应用一般过去时headed，表示“前往”。故填headed。【70题详解】考查现在分词。句意：山顶从云层中露出来，其令人难以置信的高度使我们惊叹不已。分析可知，句子已有谓语动词emerged，逗号后面部分是状语，所以空处应填非谓语动词，且逻辑主语Thetipofthemountain和astonish之间为主动关系，应用现在分词astonishing。故填astonishing。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题l分，满分10分)71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Yesterday,whenIcomplainedwithmymomabouttoolittleentertainment,shesharethestoryofheryouthwithme.Inthe1980s,neitheriPadsnorsmartphoneswereinvented.Eachtimewheneveningsapproached,thechildrenaroundwouldcrowdintotheonlyhousewherehadatelevision.Westaredatthesmallscreenuntiltheprogramended.Parentwouldmakeeveryefforttodragtheirchildrentobedwhenitwasgettinglately.Butnow,iPadsandsmartphoneshavetakenplaceoftelevisions.Nowondermymomalwayssayswearethegenerationgrowingupinahoneyjar.Afterlistentomymom’sstoryIfeltluckytolivesoahappyandcomfortablelife.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】1.with→to2.share→shared3．删除when4.where→that5.We→They6.Parent→Parents7.lately→late8．place前加the9.listen→listening10.so→such【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者向母亲抱怨自己的娱乐活动太少，于是母亲讲起了自己小时候没有平板和电脑，每晚和邻居家的孩子去唯一有电视的房子看电视的事，作者听了母亲的事后，感觉自己现在能过上这么幸福舒适的生活，是很幸运的。【详解】1.考查介词。句意：昨天，当我向我妈妈抱怨我的娱乐活动太少时，她跟我分享了她年轻时的故事。表示向某人抱怨用complaintosomebody表示，故将with改为to。2.考查时态。句意：昨天，当我向我妈妈抱怨我的娱乐活动太少时，她跟我分享了她年轻时的故事。由时间标志词yesterday(昨天)可知，句子描述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，此处谓语动词share应用一般过去时shared，故将share改为shared。3.考查连词。句意：每当夜幕降临，孩子们就会挤进唯一有电视的房子。Eachtime表示“每当”，是连词，引导时间状语从句，所以此处连词when是多余的，故删除when。4.考查定语从句。句意：每当夜幕降临，孩子们就会挤进唯一有电视的房子。分析句子结构可知，“wherehadatelevision”是定语从句，先行词是house(房子)，指物，在定语从句中做主语，且house前有only来修饰，只能用that不能用which，where在定语从句中作状语，故将where改为that。5.考查代词。句意：他们一直盯着小屏幕看直到节目结束。根据句意可知，此处指孩子们一直盯着小屏幕看，所以应用代词they，代指上文提到的children，表示“他们”，做主语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故将We改为They。6.考查名词单复数。句意：很晚时，父母会尽一切努力拖着他们的孩子上床睡觉。由后面的their(他们的)可知，此处“父母”不止一个，所以parent应用复数形式parents，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故将Parent改为Parents。7.考查形容词。句意：很晚时，父母会尽一切努力拖着他们的孩子上床睡觉。此处get是系动词，后面应用形容词late作表语，表示“晚的”，lately是副词，表示“最近”，故将lately改为late。8.考查固定搭配。句意：但现在，平板和智能手机取代了电视。taketheplaceof是固定搭配，表示“取代”，故在place前加the。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：听了妈妈的故事后，我觉得自己很幸运，能过上这么幸福舒适的生活。分析句子结构可知，介词后用动名词作宾语，此处listen用动名词形式listening，故将listen改为listening。10.考查形容词。句意：听了妈妈的故事后，我觉得自己很幸运，能过上这么幸福舒适的生活。So是副词，修饰形容词或副词，such是形容词，修饰名词，所以此处应用such修饰后面的名词life(生活)，故将so改为such。第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第二节书面表达(满分25分)72.假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter给你发来一封邮件，告诉你他在世界教育机器人大赛（WordEducationalRobotContest）中获得一等奖。请你用英语给他回一封邮件。内容包括：1.对他表示祝贺；2.肯定他付出的努力；3.请教参赛经验。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearPeter,Havingreceivedthenewsthatyou’vewonthefirstprizeintheWorldEducationalRobotContest,Iamwritingtooffermysincerestcongratulations.Yoursuccesscomesasnosurprisetome,consideringthetimeandeffortsyouhavedevotedto.Yoursuperbprogrammingskillandexcellentabilitytomakeimmediateresponsemusthaveleftthejudgesadeepimpression.Itisarewardyoutotallydeserve!SinceIamalsoconsideringengaginginsuchacompetition,I’dappreciateitifyoucouldoffermesomeadviceonhowtomakepreparations.Congratulationstoyouagainandwishyoustillfurthersuccess.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给在世界教育机器人大赛中获得一等奖的美国朋友Peter回一封邮件。内容包括：对他表示祝贺；肯定他付出的努力；请教参赛经验。【详解】1.词汇积累给予：offer→give极好的：super→brilliant参加：engagein→takepartin第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 建议：advice→suggestion2.句式拓展句式转换原句：Havingreceivedthenewsthatyou’vewonthefirstprizeintheWorldEducationalRobotContest,Iamwritingtooffermysincerestcongratulations.拓展句：AfterIhavereceivedthenewsthatyou’vewonthefirstprizeintheWorldEducationalRobotContest,Iamwritingtooffermysincerestcongratulations.【点睛】[高分句型1]Havingreceivedthenewsthatyou’vewonthefirstprizeintheWorldEducationalRobotContest,Iamwritingtooffermysincerestcongratulations.(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的同位语从句)[高分句型2]SinceIamalsoconsideringengaginginsuchacompetition,I’dappreciateitifyoucouldoffermesomeadviceonhowtomakepreparations.(运用了since引导的状语从句，固定句型I’dappreciateitif以及疑问词+不定式作宾语)第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司