2023届北京市平谷区高三一模英语 Word版无答案.docx

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平谷区2022-2023学年度高三年级第二学期质量监控英语试卷注意事项：1.本试卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Oneday,whilehomelessJohnwasaskingformoney,hemetawomannamedGladysKamande.Shehadcollapsedlungsthatgavehershortnessofbreathandshe____1____reliedonsomemedicalinstrumentstobreathe.Notonlythat,shehad____2____12surgeries,oneofwhichcausedhertogoblind.Afterknowinghersituation,John’seyes____3____withtears.Then,despitenothavingtheresourcestosupporthimself,Johnfoundhisownwaytohelpher.He____4____intohispocketandgaveherwhatlittlemoneyhehad.Atthattime,Johnhadnoideajusthow____5____hewas!ApasserbynamedNjogu____6____thewholeprocess.“Iaskedhimwhyhedecidedtogivetheonlymoneyhehad,”Njogusaid.“Hetoldmeheoptedtogivebecauseevenifhesufferedthesame,otherswouldsupporthim.”Struckbywhatthelittleboydid,Njogusharedstoriesandphotosoftheheartwarming____7____onsocialmedia.Soon,John’sstoryspreadacrosssocialmediaandgenerousstrangersfromallaroundtheworldbegandonatingmoneyinanefforttohelp.Infact,enoughwasraisedto____8____thetreatmentGladysneededinIndia.Butthat’snotwherethegoodnewsends.John’ssimple____9____helpedhimgetintoachildren’shome.Finally,thissweetboywasadopted,givinghimafamily.JohnandGladyswerebothabletogetthehelpandthebondtheyformedthatcrucialdaycontinueson.Itjustgoestoshowthatalittle____10____cangoalongway!1.A.randomlyB.seldomC.occasionallyD.constantly 2.A.cutthroughB.gonethroughC.checkedonD.gotaway3.A.welledB.movedC.weptD.cried4A.touchedB.pickedC.reachedD.grabbed5.A.talentedB.proudC.specialD.right6.A.witnessedB.confirmedC.monitoredD.sought7A.spotB.momentC.guidanceD.works8.A.spareB.adjustC.coverD.pack9.A.strategyB.habitC.predictionD.interaction10.A.kindnessB.courageC.determinationD.passion第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ElleGianelliwantedtoputasmileonthefacesoftheseniorswho____11____(live)innursinghomes.Soshefoundacreativewaytodothat.Bornoutofherloveforwearingsillysocksonthegolfcourse,ElleGianellilaunchedSocks4Seniors,____12____(raise)moneyviaGoFundMe.When____13____(ask)whatthemoneywasfor,sheexplaineditwouldbeusedtopurchasebright,patternedsocksandthoughtfulnotesforallseniorsinassistedlivingfacilitiesinthecountry.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ScientistsinAustraliahavebuiltanewbatteryusingsodium-sulphur,atypeofsaltfromseawater.Thebatterycanstorefourtimesmoreenergythanastandardlithiumbatteryandwouldbecheaptomake____14____seasaltiswidelyavailable.Itisalsobetterfortheenvironmentthanotherbatteries,____15____useraremetals(suchaslithium).Sea-saltbatterieshavebeenmadebeforebutthisiseasilythebestmodelsofar.Theteamwillcontinueworkingontheideabeforethiskindofthebatteries____16____(go)onsale.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Now,atHailangRiverinnortheastChina’sHeilongjiangProvince,dozensofChinesemerganserducksare preparingtomigratesouth.Chinesemerganserduckisan____17____(danger)speciesunderclass-onestateprotection.Inrecentyears,theprovincehasbeefedupmeasures____18____(restore)forests,wetlandsandotherecosystems.Chinahasestablished49naturereserves____19____atotalareaof2,561,300hectares.Thankstotheseefforts,thelocalpopulationofChinesemergansers____20____(grow)fromaroundadozentonearly100overthepastfewyears.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEnjoythefamily-friendlyadventureatDinoParkinMyrtleBeach!Thisexcitingmuseumgivesgueststhechancetocomeface-to-facewithlife-sizeddinos!Thesebeastshaveavasthistorythatwillsparkimaginationandallowvisitorsofallagestoenjoyeducationalfun.Duringyourself-guidedadventurethroughDinoPark,youwillbetreatedtoup-closeviewsatdazzlinganimatronics(电子动画)ofyourfavoritescalydinosaurs.Therearemorethan20life-sizeddinosaurstodiscover.Alongtheway,youwillbeabletolearnaboutsomeawesomedinofactsandgetyourfillofprehistoricfun!Additionally,visitorswillbeabletoenjoyCGIfootagethatgivesaglimpseintothelivesofthedinos.Itistheperfectwaytolearnallaboutthedinosaursthroughinterestingfactsandhands-onactivities.Throughoutthemuseumarevariousfactsaboutthedinosaursdisplayedoninformativeandcolorfulposters.DinoParkactivitiesDinoExplorePit:ThekidswillhaveablastdivingintotheDinoExplorePit!Thisballpitfeatures100,000ballsofferingtonsofroomtobouncearound.Itisafunattractionforallagestoenjoy.DigaDinoFossil:Becomeareal-lifearchaeologistasyouputyourdiggingskillstothetest!Lookoutforsomeawesomefossilsasyousearchforthenextgreatestdinosaurdiscovery.RideaTyrannosaurus:Thisfunanimatronicrideisperfectforkidswhowanttoexperiencesomethrillingfun!Climbaboardforanaction-packedridethatyouwon’tsoonforget.PlayArea:Kidswillenjoyburningoffsomeextraenergyattheplaygroundarea.Theplaygroundfeaturesdino-themedpuzzlefloors,brightpicturesonthewalls,andplayequipmentfeaturingaslideanddinosaurstheycanclimbon.So,whetheryouarealongtimedinosaurloverorwanttobringthekidstoseesomemovingdinoparkexhibits,youaresuretohaveagreattimehere! 21.AtDinoPark,visitors________.A.canfeelthejoyofprehistorictimesB.willbetaughtanimatronicsfacetofaceC.willbeabletofindtheperfectwaytoseeCGIfilmD.canparticipateinhands-onpostermakingactivities22.Whichofthefollowingwillremainfreshinthemindsofkids?A.DinoExplorePit.B.DigaDinoFossil.C.RideaTyrannosaurus.D.PlayArea.23.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceavarietyoflife-sizeddinosaurs.B.Torecommendamuseumwitheducationalfun.C.TocomparethedifferentactivitiesattheDinoPark.D.Toprovidearchaeologistswithsomecluesaboutdinosaurs.BAndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded(嵌入)inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartmentshefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,”saysthenow52-year-old.In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbecomingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyasfulfillingassheimagineditwouldbe,exceptforonething;shestillhadn’tseenanotherwomaninherrole—notinamagazine,notontelevision,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive(沉浸式的)programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.In2006,Speranzawelcomedthefirst17participants.Overthecourse,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirstresponders:learninghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaidandsoon.CampCouragenownunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset(抵消)costs,Speranzafundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestocomedynights.Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbecomefirstresponders,Speranzaalsohasanother, biggerobjectiveinmind:buildingleaders.“Iftheycandeliveramechanicalbabyorclimbahundred-footladder,they’renotgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajobinterview,”saysSperanza.“It’sacompletechangeinmindset,anditworks.”NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirstrespondersnow.Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlstosavelivesalongsideherkeepshergoing.It’snotevenmeasurable.24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobecomeafirefighter?A.Herdreamnow.B.Achildhoodaccident.C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters.D.Afirefighter’sencouragement.25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostartCampCourage?A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.B.Tocompleteanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.C.Buildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.B.Everynobleworkisatfirstimpossible.C.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.D.Jointeffortisthekeytosolvingproblems.CAskasmarthomedevicefortheweatherforecastandittakesseveralsecondsforthedevicetorespond.Thislatency(延时)occursasconnecteddevicesdon’thaveenoughmemoryorpowertostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learningmodelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhatauserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredinadatacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothedevice.MITresearchershavecreatedanewmethodforcomputingdirectlyonthesedevices,whichdrasticallyreducesthislatency.Theirtechniqueshiftsthestepsofrunningamachine-learningmodeltoacentralserver wherecomponentsofthemodelareencodedontolightwaves.Thewavesaresenttoaconnecteddeviceusingfiberoptics(纤维光学),whichenablestonsofdatatobesentlightning-fastthroughanetwork.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethatrapidlyperformscomputationsusingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightwaves.Thistechniqueleadstomorethanahundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhencomparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalsoimprovesecurity,sinceauser’sdatadonotneedtobetransferredtoacentrallocationforcomputation.Thismethodcouldenableaself-drivingcartomakedecisionsinreal-timewhileusingjustatinypercentageoftheenergycurrentlyrequiredbypower-hungrycomputers.Itcouldalsoallowausertohavealatency-freeconversationwiththeirsmarthomedevice,beusedforlivevideoprocessing,orevenenablehigh-speedimageclassificationonaspacecraftmillionsofmilesfromEarth.“Everytimeyouwanttorunaneuralnetwork,youhavetoruntheprogram,andhowfastyoucanruntheprogramdependsonhowfastyoucanpipetheprograminfrommemory.Ourpipeismassive—itcorrespondstosendingafullfeature-lengthmovieovertheinterneteverymillisecondorso.Thatishowfastdatacomesintooursystem.Anditcancomputeasfastasthat,”saysprofessorDirkEngland.Theneuralnetworkarchitectureinvolvesstoringweightsinacentralserverthatisconnectedtoanovelpieceofhardwarecalledasmarttransceiver.Thissmarttransceiver,athumb-sizedchip(芯片),canreceiveandsenddata.Movingforward,theresearcherswanttoupdatethesmarttransceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterperformance.28.What’stheparagraph1mainlyabout?A.Thecauseofthelatency.B.Theeffectofthelatency.C.Theadvancedsmartdevice.D.Themodelsstoredinadatacenter.29.Howdoesthisnewmethodreducelatency?A.Byimprovingthepartsofamodel.B.Byusingopticstospeedupcomputations.C.Bycomputingdirectlyinremotedatacenters.D.Byinventinganewmachine-learningmodel.30.Theauthormentionsaself-drivingcarto________.A.introducetheimpactofthelatencyB.explainhowdataisquicklycomputedinthissystem C.demonstratethetechnique’senergysavingandsafetyD.highlighttheuser’ssatisfactionwithmoderntechnology31.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Thenewtechniquewillbefurtherimproved.B.Opticsneedstobedevelopedandusedurgently.C.Thenewcomputingarchitectureisveryperfect.D.Thetechniquewasdevelopedtosendmoviesovertheinternet.DThecoronaviruspandemichascreatedanenvironmentforresearchonsocialconnection.Oneofthemostcommonareasofinquiryoverthepastcoupleofyearswashowoursuddenmassshifttodigitalcommunication—awayfromface-to-face—affectedoverallsocialconnectedness.Researchersstudiednearly3,000adultsduringthepandemic’searlymonthsandfoundthatemail,socialmedia,onlinegaming,andtextingwerenotfungibleforin-personinteractions.Voiceandvideocalls,weresomewhatbetter.Socialconnectednessisakeytohappiness.Lowerit,andyouwillbeworseoff—andsowillyourlovedones,especiallyyourkids.One2014surveyrevealedthat62percentofU.S.childrenthoughttheirparentsweretoodistractedtolistentothem.TheNo.1reasonwasparents’phoneuse.Itisclearthatscrollingorsurfingwillreducesocialconnection:Youdotheminsteadofinteracting.Virtualcommunicationssuchastextingarebydesigninteractiveandshouldtheoreticallybelessharmful.However,textmessagescan’tconveyemotionverywell,becausewecan’thearorseeourconversationalpartners.Thesetechnologiesaretoin-personinteractionswhatablack-and-white,pixelated(像素化的)versionoftheMonaLisaistotherealthing;identifiable,butincapableofproducingthesameemotionaleffects.Withcommunicationsonline,wetendtohopfrompersontopersonandthusswapdepthforbreadth.However,researchhasshownthatdeeperconversationsbringmorewell-beingthanshortcommunications.Meanwhile,inarecentstudy,teenswhotextedmoreoftenthantheirpeerstendedtoexperiencemoredepression,moreanxietyandpoorerrelationshipswiththeirfathers.Itmightseemstrangethatwewouldvoluntarilyadopttechnologiesthathurtourhappiness.Oneoftheexplanationsisconvenience.Vegetating(无所事事)infrontofascreenissimplyeasierthantalkingwithaperson,andvirtualcommunicationssuchastextingarefasterandeasierthanavisitoraphonecall.Thinkofthesetechnologiesasgrab-and-gofoodataconveniencestore:It’snotgreat,butitsureiseasy—andafteryoueatenoughmicrowavefoods,youforgetwhattherealthingtasteslike.Inall,formostofus—especiallypeoplewhogrewupwithit—theinternetisanunquestionedpartofthe ecosystemoflife.Quittingthevirtualcommunicationsfromourlifeisclearlynottheanswer.Sincewe’renotgoingbacktolifebeforethiskindoftechnology,wecanandshoulduseitmindfullyinserviceoflove.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fungible”mostprobablymean?AResponsible.B.Changeable.C.Reliable.D.Replaceable.33.Asforvirtualcommunications,theauthoris________.A.disapprovingB.doubtfulC.supportiveD.cautious34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.VirtualCommunicationDoesLittleHarmtoPeopleB.TechnologyCanMakeYourRelationshipsShallowerC.QuittingVirtualCommunicationIsJustaroundtheCornerD.TechnologyCreatesaGoodEnvironmentforDeeperConversations第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavensofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.____35____Coralsareusefultopeople.Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves,low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago,andabillionpeoplewouldlosefoodorincome.However,reefsareunderthreatfromrisingseatemperatures.Heatcausesthealgae(海藻)withwhichcoralsarelivingtogethertogeneratetoxins(毒素)thatforcethosecoraltoleave.____36____Researchgroupsaroundtheworldarecomingupwithplansofactiontoseeifthatwillhelp,suchasidentifyingnaturallyheat-resistantcoralsandcross-breedingsuchcoralstocreateanewtype.____37____Withoutcarbonreductionanddeclineinlocal,coral-killingpollution,evenresistantcoralswillnotsurvivethecentury.Doubtersdoubthumanitywillgetitsacttogetherintimetomakemuchdifference.____38____Carbontargetsarebeingsetandoceanpollutionisbeingdealtwith.Countriesthatshareresponsibilitiesforreefsarestartingtoacttogether.Scientificworkaroundscanalsobefound.Naturalcurrentscanbeappliedtofacilitatemassbreeding.Sitesofthegreatestecologicalandeconomicalimportancecanbeidentifiedtomaximizebangforbuck.____39____Itcouldserveasablueprintforotherecosystems.Hard-coregreens—thosewhothinkthatall habitatsshouldbekeptunspoiled—maynotapprove.Butwhenentireecosystemsarefacingdestructionthecostofdoingnothingistoogreattobear.A.Thiscancauseacoral’sdeath.B.Buttherearegroundsforoptimism.C.Andtheyhostaquarterofmarinespecies.D.Coral’sglobalecosystemservicesareworthupto$10trnayear.E.Thismixofnaturalactivityandhumaninterventionisimportant.F.Thisresearchcanalsobebroughttobearontryingtosaveentireecosystems.G.However,theassistedevolutionofcoralsdoesnotmeetwithuniversalenthusiasm.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。MusselsinPortPhillipBayaretakinginmicroplasticsusedincosmetics(化妆品).Themicroplasticstravelfrombathroomsinkstotheocean,wheretheyareeasilyconfusedwithseaweeds.Becausethemusselscannottellthedifference,theytakeintheplasticalongwiththeirnormaldietofseaweeds.AccordingtoresearcherDrCharleneTrestrail,theplasticdoesn’taffectmusselsdirectly,butitdoesreducetheirabilitytodigesttherealfood.Itmeanstheymissoutonenergyandnutrients,whichaffectstheirabilitytogrowandreproduce.“Besidesbeingatastytreatforhumans,musselsplayanimportantroleinkeepingmarineecosystemshealthy,”DrTrestrailsaid.“Andbecauseofthereducedabilitytogrowandreproduce,wecouldseeadropinmusselpopulations,withknock-oneffectsforothermarinewildlife.”Whileenvironmentalcampaignershaveworkedhardtoreducetheamountofplasticintheoceansfromeasilyvisibleitemssuchasshoppingbagsandpackaging,mostpeoplearenotawareoftheimpactofmicrobeadsandotherhiddenplasticsinproductsincludingtoothpasteorbathscrubs.“Weknowlotsabouthowplasticsaffectanimalsexternally—we’veallseenphotosofbirdsandturtlestwistedinplastic—butthisisthefirststudytoinvestigatehowtinyplasticsaffectanimals’stomachs,”DrTrestrailsaid.Therehasbeenapushinrecentyearstoreducemicroplasticpollution.ButwhiletheGovernmenthassupportedphasingout(淘汰)microbeads,somecosmeticsindustriesstoppedshortofbanningtheiruse.Weneedtotakepollutionfrommicroplasticsseriously.Becausethey’resosmall,oncethey’reintheecosystemtheyareimpossibletoremove.Theonlysolutionisnottousetheminthefirstplace. mussel40.Whydomusselseatmicroplastics?________________41.Whatwilleventuallyhappentomusselsiftheyeatmicroplasticsmistakenly?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ØThefirstthingtosolvemicroplasticpollutionisnottousemicroplasticsandsomecosmeticsindustriesagreedtostopusingmicrobeads.________________43.Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolutionstotheplasticpollutionprobleminyourdailylife.(Inabout40words)________________第二节44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物（live-streamshopping）在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.你是否通过直播进行过购物；2.你对直播购物的看法或感受。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua