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金陵中学2022-2023学年高一上期中试卷英语试题第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分375分)AThereisakindofwomanintheworldwhohastheabilitytoaccomplishthedifficultchallengesoftheirownlifeandtoinspireotherstoachievegreatthings.They’restrongandindependent,wiseandsuccessful,talentedandbrave,andcanteachallofusalot.StillAliceInthisfilm,wecancatchaglimpseofafamily’srelationships,fears,concernsandstruggles.Thefilm’smaincharacterAlice,aged50,copesbravelywithAlzheimer’sdisease:she’stheperfectexampleofaniron-willedwoman.JulianneMoore’samazingperformanceaddsextracharmtothischaracter.ErinBrockovichThefilmisaboutErinBrockovich,astrongyeteasily-hurtwoman,butordinaryweaknessisnotallowedinhersituation.Shemaynotbeagenius,butherpersistenceandconcernforothersallowhertoachievetheimpossible:avictoryoverapowerfulandmajorcorporationthatisliterallypoisoningpeople.Whenyouareabouttogiveuponsomething,simplywatchthismovieformotivation.TheDevilWearsPrada
1AsassistanttoimpossiblydemandingNewYorkfashionmagazineeditorMirandaPriestly,youngAndySachshaslandedajobthat“amilliongirlswoulddiefor.”Unfortunately,herheaven-sentappointmentasMiranda’sassistantjustmightbethedeathofher!There’saveryclassiclineinthefilm:Letmeknowwhenyourwholelifegoesupinsmoke.Thatmeansit’stimeforapromotion.MonaLisaSmileThismovieteachesyouaboutdignity,courageandpersistence,andthecentralthemeislearningtohaveamindofyourown.KatherineWatsonisarecentUCLAgraduatehiredtoteacharthistoryattheall-femaleWellesleyCollege,in1953.Determinedtofaceuptotheoutdatedcustomsofsociety,Katherineinspireshertraditionalstudentstochallengethelivestheyareexpectedtolead.1.Whichfilmwouldyourecommendtoyourgrandmotherifshewereseriouslyill?A.ErinBrockovich.B.StillAlice.C.MonaLisaSmile.D.TheDevilWearsPrada.2.WhatdoesthefilmErinBrockovichconvey?A.Neverevercompromise.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Crossthebridgewhenyoucometoit.D.Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.3.Whatdothefourfilmshaveincommon?A.Winninganumberoffilmawards.B.Singinghighpraiseforgreatwomen.C.Namingallthesefilmsafterwomen.D.Fightingforwomen’ssocialstatus.BGrowingup,Ithoughtmathclasswassomethingtobeendured,notenjoyed.Idislikedmemorizingformulas(公式)andtakingtests,allforthedullgoalofgettingagoodgrade.Oneofmyteacherstoldmymother
2thatIwas“slow”.Butmyproblemwasn'twithmathitself.Infact,whenatopicseemedparticularlyinteresting,Iwouldgotothelibraryandreadmoreaboutit.Byhighschool,noonetoldmethatIcouldbecomeaprofessionalmathematician.WhatIwantedtodothenwastoplaycollegefootball.MyambitionwastogetanathleticscholarshiptoattendaBigTenschool.Thechancesofthathappeningwereverylow.Butthatdidn’tstopmycoachesfromencouragingmetobelieveIcouldreachmygoal,andpreparingandpushingmetoworkforit.Theymadevideotapesofmyperformancesandsentthemtocollegecoachesaroundthecountry.Intheend,aBigTenschool,PennState,didoffermeascholarship.Iwishmathteachersweremorelikefootballcoaches.Studentsareaffectedbymorethanjustthequalityofalessonplan.Theyalsorespondtothepassionoftheirteachersandtheengagementoftheirpeersandtheyseekasenseofpurpose.Theybenefitfromspecificinstructionsandconstantfeedback(反馈).UntilIgottocollege,Ididn'treallyknowwhatmathematicswas.Istillthoughtofitaslaborious(耗时费力的)calculations.ThenmyprofessorhandedmeabookandsuggestedthatIthinkaboutaparticularproblem.Itwasn'teasy,butitwasfascinating.Myprofessorkeptgivingmeproblems,andIkeptpursuingthem,eventhoughIcouldn’talwayssolvethemimmediately.ThemathematicalresearchIwasdoinghadlittleincommonwithwhatIdidinmyhighschoolclassrooms.Instead,itwasclosertothemathandlogicpuzzlesIdidonmyownasaboy.Itgavemethatsamesenseofwonderandcuriosity,anditrewardedcreativity.IamnowaPh.DcandidateinmathematicsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.4.Whydidthewriterthinkmathclassinschoolwas“somethingtobeendured”beforeenteringcollege?A.Becausehewasn’tinterestedinmath.B.Becausehismathteachersdidn'tcaretopushhim.C.Becausehewastoosmartandtalentedformathclass.DBecausehewastraininghardforanathleticscholarship.5.Accordingtothewriter,studentsareaffectedbythefollowingthingsfromteachersorcoachesEXCEPT________.A.asenseofpurposeB.constantfeedbackC.passionD.specificinstructions6.Wecanconcludethatafterenteringcollege,thewriter________.A.wasbusylookingformathproblemstosolveB.studiedonhisownjustashewasinhighschool
3C.metwithlaboriouscalculationsinhisstudiesD.begantorealizewhatmathematicsreallyis7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.InterestisthebestteacherB.Bethebest—youcanmakeitC.Math,taughtlikefootballD.Onceyourteacher,alwaysyourteacherCAspeopleacrosstheglobestruggledwithhigherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxietythispastyear,manyturnedtotheirfavoritecomfortfoods:icecream,pizza,hamburgers.Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehigh-sugarandhigh-fatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,ascomfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.Instead,wholefoodssuchasvegetables,fruit,fish,eggs,nutsmaybeabetterbet.Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthscomparedtoacontrolgroup.Publichealthexpertsaroundtheworldhavestartedencouragingpeopletoadoptlifestylebehaviorslikeexercise,soundsleep,aheart-healthydietandavoidingsmokingthatmayreduceinflammation(发炎)andhavebenefitsforthebrain.Individualcliniciansarealreadyincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients.Dr.DrewRamsey,aclinicalprofessorattheColumbiaUniversity,beginshismeetingswithnewpatientsbyexploringtheirdiet.Heaskswhattheyeat,learnstheirfavoritefoods,andfindsoutiffoodsthatheconsidersimportantfortheconnectionaremissingfromtheirdiets,suchasplants,seafood.Dr.Ramseysaidhedoesnotwatpeopletothinkthattheonlyfactorinvolvedinbrainheathisfood.“Lotsofpeoplegettheirfoodexactlyright,liveveryactivelives,andstillhavesignificanttroubleswiththeirmentalhealth,”hesaid.Buthealsoteachespeoplethatfoodcanbeempowering.“Wecan’tcontrolourgenes,”hesaid.“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.”8.Whatdopreviousnutritionstudiesmainlyfocuson?A.Howourdietsaffectourmentalhealth.B.Howourdietsaffectourphysicalhealth.C.Howourmentalhealthaffectsourdiets.D.Howourphysicalhealthaffectsourdiets.
49.Whyareindividualcliniciansincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients?A.Theytrytocatertotheirpatients’needs.B.Theyarequestioningpublichealthexperts.C.Theywanttoprovetheeffectivenessofhealthydiets.D.Theyhaveacceptedthefindingsoflargepopulationstudies.10.WhichofthefollowingmightDr.Ramseyagreewith?A.Someconnectionexistsbetweenourdietsandmentalhealth.B.Peoplecancontroltheirgenesaswellashowtheyeat.C.Peoplelivingactiveliveswillnothavementalproblems.D.Eatingahealthydietisgoingtocuredepression.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Peoplewithanxietyusuallyturntofoodforcomfort.BThedailydietisthefactorconnectedwithbrainhealth.C.Controllingthewayweeatislikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.D.Havingahigh-sugardietcanreducesymptomsofdepression.DBackinBrisbane,Australia,fortheChristmasbreak,Ifoundmyselfinapublictransportdeadzone.Bikeless,7kilometersfromwhereIwasmeetingfriendsandunwillingtogetataxi,Idecidedtoborrowanelectricscooter.Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike,mainlybecauseofamajorspillhalfwaythere.Arock,hitatspeed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istillhadtheredkneesofaprimaryschooler.E-scootershaveappearedinBrisbanelikearash.IntheUK,theyarelegalonlyonprivateland,buttheDepartmentforTransportisdiscussinghowtoregulatethemonpublicroadsandpathways,withthepotentialforlegalisationlaterthisyear.Othercitiesthathavee-scooterrentalprogramshavehadteethingproblems.InParis,mayorAnneHidalgodescribedthesituationlastyearasmessy.Shehasannouncedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000andplanstocreatelawsbanningthemfrompavements(人行道).Francehasputintoforcelawslimitinge-scooterspeedsto25kilometresperhour.Similartodockless(无桩的)hirebicycles,e-scootersareparkedonpavementsandpeopleleavethemuptreesorthrowthemintorivers.Roughhandlingshortenstheirlifetime,whichisbadforbothprofitabilityandtheenvironment.Analysissuggeststhattheaveragee-scooter’slifetimeisjustthreemonths.Ithinke-scootersareanessentialpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseenasasolution
5tothe“lastmile”problem—apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygettingsomeonetotheirfinaldestination.Carscantakeup28timesthespaceofapersonridingabicycle.Asfarastheenvironmentaleffectgoes,recentresearchsuggeststhate-scootersarenotasgreenaswalkingorcycling,buttheyarestillbetterthancars.Anddespitenumerousreportsofseriousaccidents,scootingisaboutassafeascycling.StephenGosslingatLundUniversityinSwedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free“micromobility”streets,wherecyclists,pedestrians(行人)ande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.Hethinksthiswillreduceaccidentrisksandinvitemorevulnerable(易受伤害的)trafficparticipants,suchaschildren,tobecomeactivetransportusers.Ifmoree-scootersmeanfewercarsonroads,animprovementinlocalairqualityisalsoalikelyoutcome.When20kilometersofroadsincentralLondonclosedforWorldCar-FreeDaylastSeptember,atemporaryairqualitymonitorinRegentStreetreportedlyregistereda60%dropinnitrogendioxide.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“amajorspill”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Aseriousfall.B.Asuddenillness.C.Alegaldefense.D.Aterriblebreakdown.13.Whatdoweknowaboute-scootersinParis?A.Theyareillegalonpavements.B.Theyarealreadyoutoffashion.CTheyarefacingmorerestrictions.D.Theyaremorecommononprivateland.14.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofe-scooters?A.Theyarenotassafeascycling.B.Theystanduptoroughhandling.C.Theyareasgreenascyclingorwalking.D.Theyplayabigroleinthe“lastmile”problem.15.WhatisStephenGossling’ssuggestion?A.Tosetupmorecare-freedays.B.Toinvitemorecycliststousee-scooters.C.Togetvulnerablepedestriansofftheroad.D.Toseparatecarsfrome-scootersontheroad.第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)Notlongago,nooneunderstoodthatinfectiousdiseaseswerecausedbytinyorganismsthatmovedfrompersontoperson.Evennow,althoughweknowthattinylivingmicrobescausedisease,howtheydosoisnotalwaysobvious.___16___Theycanalsobetransmittedthroughourskinthroughinsectoranimalbites.Thebest
6waytopreventinfectionsistoblockpathogens（病菌）fromenteringthebody.Thefirstlineofdefenseistokeepgermsatbaybyfollowinggoodpersonalhealthhabits.Washyourhandswell.Youprobablywashyourhandsafterusingthebathroom,beforepreparingoreatingfood,andaftergardeningorotherdirtytasks.____17____Wetyourhandsthoroughly.Lather（泡沫）upwithsoaporcleanser,andrubitintothepalmsandbacksofyourhandsandyourwrists.Besuretocleanyourfingertips,underyournailsandbetweenyourfingers.Washunderrunningwater.___18___Whetheryouareyoungoryoungatheart,gettingvaccinated（接种疫苗）isanessentialpartofstayinghealthy.___19___suchasatemporarilysorearmorlowfever,theyaregenerallysafeandeffective.Vaccinationsareessentialifyouaretoavoidgettingsick.Ingeneral,childrenshouldreceivetherecommendedchildhoodvaccinations.Adultsshouldmakesuretheirvaccinationsareuptodate.Whentravelingabroad,checkwithyourhealthcareprovideraboutadditionalimmunizations（免疫）.___20___Stayclearofwildanimals.Manywildanimals,includingbats,foxesandcoyotes,canspreadthevirustohumansbybiting.Keepyourpetsawayfromwildanimals,too.Dogs,catsoranyothertypeofwarm-bloodedanimalcanpickupthevirusandpassthevirusalongtopeople.A.Dryyourhandsandwriststhoroughly.B.Useanimalcontroltopreventinfections.C.Whilevaccinesmaycausesomecommonsideeffects,D.Althoughvaccinescannotpreventsomerarediseases,E.Otherwildanimalscannottransmitthevirusandotherinfections.F.Wedoknowthatmostmicrobesenterthroughopeningsinthebody.G.Youshouldalsowashupafterblowingyournose,coughing,orsneezing.第三部分完形填空(共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)WheneverMichaelCarl,thefashionmarketdirectoratVanityFair,goesouttodinnerwithfriends,heplayssomethingcalledthe“phonestack”game:Everyone___21___theirphonesinthemiddleofthetable;whoeverlooksattheirdevicebeforethecheckarrives___22___fordinner.BrandonHolley,theformereditorofLuckymagazine,hadtrouble___23___hermobilephonewhenshegothomefromwork.Soaboutsixmonthsago,she___24___puttingherphoneintoamilktinthemomentshewalkedin.Itremainsthereuntilafterdinner.AndMareJacobs,thefashiondesigner,didn’t___25___tosleepclosetoanoisyphone.Sohe___26___digitaldevicesfromhisbedroom—ahouserulehe___27___withaudiencesduringarecentscreeningofDisconnect,afilmthatshowshowtechnologyhasalienated(使疏远)peoplefromoneanother.Assmartphones___28___tomaketheirwayintoourlives,andwearabledeviceslikeGoogleGlass___29___
7todestroyourpersonalspaceevenfurther,usersarecarvingouttheirowndevice-freezones.Whetherit’saphysicalbarrier(noipadsatthedinnertable)oraconceptualone(turnoffdevicesby11p.m.),userssaythesedisconnecting___30___areimprovingtheirrelationships-and___31___theirbrains.“Disconnectingissomethingthatweall___32___,”saidLesleyM.M.Blume,aNewYorkwriterwhokeepsherphoneawayfromthedinnertableathome.“Theexpectationthatwemustalwaysbe___33___toemployers,colleaguesandfamilycreatesarealproblemintryingto___34___privatetime.Butthatprivatetimeismoreimportantthanever.”Apopularmethodfordisconnectingistochooseaboxforyourcellphone,likethemilktinthatMs.Holleyuses.“___35___myphoneisbuzzingorlightingup,it’sstilladistraction,soit___36___inthebox.”saidMs.Holley.Otherschoosenew___37___.“Noscreensafter11p.m.”saidAri.Melber,aTVhost.“Noweveningsaremore___38___andIamsleepingbetter.”headded.Sleepisabigfactor,whichiswhysome___39___toleavetheirphonesoutoftheirbedrooms.“Idon’twanttosleepnexttosomethingfullofphotosandemails.”saidPeterSom,afashiondesigner,whokeepshisphonecharginginthelivingroomovernight.“It___40___isaheadcleareranddistinguishesdaytimeandsleeptime.”21.A.pilesB.allocatesC.arrangesD.places22.A.paysB.waitsC.preparesD.reaches23.A.examiningB.missingC.ignoringD.finding24.A.stoppedB.beganC.forgotD.suggested25.A.hateB.expectC.wantD.refuse26.A.bannedB.lostC.collectedD.adjusted27.A.talkedB.agreedC.sharedD.provided28.A.intendB.continueC.chooseD.happen29.A.defendB.threatenC.improveD.occupy30.A.techniquesB.performancesC.mannersD.achievements31.A.yetB.everC.justD.even32.A.learnB.considerC.needD.accept33.A.dependableB.appealingC.convenientD.available34.A.figureoutB.setasideC.saveupD.takeup35.A.IfB.UnlessC.UntilD.Although36.A.actsB.filesC.goesD.plays37.A.gamesB.ordersC.stepsD.rules
838.A.relaxingB.urgentC.flexibleD.upsetting39A.admitB.preferC.refuseD.permit40.A.finallyB.rarelyC.definitelyD.originally第四部分语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)语法填空Atlastyear’sSingles’Dayshoppingspree(狂欢),domesticbrands____41____(fill)uptheshoppingcartofWangXinyi,____42____universitystudentfromSouthwestChina’sChongqing.“Mostofuschoosedomesticproductsowingtothefact____43____theyarecost-effectiveandhighinquality”saidWang,___44___boughtdailynecessities,clothesanddigitalproductsmadebylocalbrandsduringlastweek’sshoppingfestival.WangsaidmanyyoungChinese___45___(increase)chosedomesticbrands,____46____(add)thatthistrendcouldnotonlysatisfyconsumers’needsbutincorporate(融入)traditionalChinesecultureintotheproducts.Nearly70%ofpost-90sandaround80%ofpost-00sgenerationsprefertobuydomesticbrands.Youngconsumershave____47____(strong)confidenceandahighersenseofnationalidentitythanthoseofothergroups.Overall,Chinesepeople’sinterestindomesticproductsincreasedby528percent___48___(compare)with10yearsago.The____49____(improve)inqualityandbrandinghavehelpedpromotedomesticproducts.Besides,domesticbrandshavebecomepopularamongyoungconsumersduetotheir____50____(innovate)useoftraditionalChineseelementsandculture.第五部分词汇填空(共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)51.Onaccountofthisnewwaytostudy,Icould__________(灵活地)putwhatwe’velearntintopractice.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)52.Youowedhimana__________forwhatyousaidatthemeeting.(根据首字母单词拼写)53.__________(amaze),theyworkedouthowtosolvethisproblemsuccessfully.(所给词的适当形式填空)54.Itis__________(不负责任的)ofthoseparentsnottoeducatetheirkidstobehavewellinpublic.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)55.IfyouvisitUK,BuckinghamPalacewillbeamajortourista__________.(根据首字母单词拼写)56.Therearestrong__________(论据,论点)forandagainstonlineshopping.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)57.Nobodyismorec__________aboutusthanourparentsintheworld.(根据首字母单词拼写)58.Isuggestedthatheworkoutaplanbuthedidn’tmakear__________toit.(根据首字母单词拼写)59.Kidswhoare__________(ignore)oftrafficrulesmayputthemselvesindangerwhencrossingtheroad.(
9所给词的适当形式填空)60.Itcanbe________（benefit）toshareyourfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.（所给词的适当形式填空）61.I’vepromisedtokeephimc__________whenhisparentsareout.(根据首字母单词拼写)62.Myhometownhadchangedsomuchthatitwasbeyondr__________.(根据首字母单词拼写)63.Shewonthe__________（admire）ofmanypeopleinherbattleagainstcancer.（所给词的适当形式填空）64.Wedon’tknowifitwasdonebyaccidentorbyd__________.(根据首字母单词拼写)65.Itwasanimpressive__________(表现)byFrenchteaminthefootballmatch.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)66.Sowhatarethemajor__________(contribute)factorsinthesuccessofMathsteaching?(所给词的适当形式填空)67.Myfatherhasmadeafullr__________fromtheoperation.(根据首字母单词拼写)68.Computersarevery__________(高效的)atprocessinginformationanddata.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)69.Ishallneverforgetthe__________(慷慨)youshowedtomeduringthefinancialcrisis.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)70.O__________,wehadplannedatourofEnglandbutwedidn’tmakeitintheend.(根据首字母单词拼写)第六部分书面表达(满分15分)71.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Philip送给你一本英语读物Mama’sBankAccount，你读后收获颇多。请你给他写一封email，内容包括：1.表示感谢；2.分享阅读收获。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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