厦门大学海洋与地球学院分析化学课后答案

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ᑖ᪆ᓄ⚪ᑖὃ⚪ὃᫀ11.130.0mL0.150mol-L-1ḄHC1!20.0mL0.150moi-L-1ḄBa&OH(2)*ᔠ,ᡠ./⏚ឋஹ3ឋஹ4/5ឋ6789:;<ᱥḄ>?஺ᵪᵪ/cmஹ/—Eஹ2x0.150x20.0-0.150x30.0…ᫀAc&Ba&OH(2(&9:(=----------------------------=0A.015mol-L1&20.0+30.0(x21.2KLMNOP0.3250g,SHC1T,UVᑮ250mLX:Y3,78”2஻+(஺
r2+ஹm0.3250x10'_.ᫀAc&Zn(=-----=------------=0.01988mol'LTM-V65.39x250.01.3deᑴNa2c2O4ᵨS᪗kKMnCU&ᙠ⏚ឋpq3(,rs^|KMnoJ«0.10mol-V',y⌕{᪗k|}~ὑḄ),?&c(ḄNa2c2஺46⌕eᑴ100mL,

1c(-KMnO|•r(KMnO)-M|-CaOI44w(CaO)=§------------------------¨-----1x100%/xIO?5x0.020x30x56.0840%=xlOO%2mx10'sm=0.21gs1.5ª«ᔆᓄ®¯◤⌕ᑖ᪆«±3«Ḅ:஺y&[KzCjC^MO.lZOOmollT,¢´µ78,¶·ᡠὑḄᓃ஺2஺7Ḅ¹ᓣᦪ⊤½¾«Ḅ:&¿(,<ÀKL«±6J-KCrO]-K&KCrO-A/&Fe227227ᫀAw
Fe=*------------1--------,-----------------=r&KCrO%227mxlOs=cQKCrOj-A/&Fex100x10-3227=0.1200x55.85x100x10^=0.6702g1.6KLNazHPO4T2H2஺ᑺ0.8835g,ÃᵬÅÆ¢ᢣ½ᑺ,ᵨ0.1012mol•L¥HC1¤kÈHzPO(,ὑHC127.30mL஺78᪵É3NazHPCU•12%0Ḅq:ᑖᦪ,ÊËVᡠ.ÌÍ஺&HC1>?ஹÎÏÐkÃÑÒᘤᙳÕ⚪(c(HCl)•V(HC1)•஻(Na2HPC>4•12Ö0)ᫀAw(NaHPO.^HjO)xlOO%24tn.x10'0.1012x27.30x358.1xlOO%=112.0%0.8835xl03ÌÍ×Ø,/ᵫSNa2HPOÚ12¾0ᜫÜᑖÌᨔÞ஺1.7KLß᪵0.2018g,ËTàᐭ0.02081mol•L'EDTA᪗ä30.00mL஺å⁚⏚?Êàç{Aèk:éᔠ,9:ḄEDTAᵨ0.02035mol-L-1Zi?+᪗äê¤,ὑZn2+6.50mL஺78᪵3A1OḄq:ᑖᦪ஺23&AF+ஹZ—+EDTA;<Ḅᓄ7:ìᙳ¢1A1([c(EDTA)-r(EDTA)-c(Zn2+)-K(Zn2+)]--A1O|23ᫀAw(Al,O,)=---------------------------------------r----------------a---------2X100%23wxl035(0.02081x30.00-0.02035x6.50)x101.96xlOO%2x0.2018xlO312.43%

21.8KLᑖ᪆MCaCCh0¥750gS9:Ḅ40.00mLHC13,;<íᐰT¤k9:ḄHC1ὑ3.05mLNaOH஺rs20.00mLïNaOH)ÀS22.06mLHC1,78ðHC1!NaOHḄ>?஺ᫀAÅñᓫᐗA-CaCO,,HC1,NaOH2᪷õöᱥqḄ:÷ᑣA|CaCO1=tt(HCl)-“(NaOH)3ᓽA”◤ÃúḮü஺(-3.05x22.06c(HCl)20.00Ë.Ac(HCl)=0.0954mol-L-1c(NaOH)=00954x22.06=.-i01052molL20.001.9⏀⏚(H2c4H4஺6)ᵬ⏚(HCOOH)*ᔠ10.00mL,ᵨ0.1000mol•L"NaOH¤kÈC4H4஺2-6HCOO',ὑÜ15.00mL஺ÿ10.00mLᔠᐭ0.2000mol-L_1Ce(IV)30.00mL,ᙠ⏚ឋᩩ⏀⏚ᵬ⏚ᐰᓄᡂCO2ᒕḄCe(W)ᵨ0.1000mol•L"Fe(H)ὑ!10.00mL஺#$ᔠ%⏀⏚ᵬ⏚Ḅ&'஺(Ce(W)Ḅ()*ᱥ,Ce(III))-ᫀ/⏚012%Ḅ34ᓫᐗ/3H2c4HQHCOOH,NaOHᓄ()12%Ḅ34ᓫᐗ/—HCHO,,-HCOOH,Ce(IV),Fe+21027444462᪷89ᱥ:Ḅ;<ᑣ/H(HCOOH)+w^HCHO^=”(NaOH)2446”(^HCOOH]+H2c4H>)+w(Fe2+)="(Ce(IV))ᓽ/10.OOc(HCOOH)+10.00CQHCHO^|=0.1000xl5.00244610.00c1|HCOOHj+10.OOcf^HCHO1+0.1000x10.00=0.2000x30.002446BC:

3c(H2c4HQ6)=0.03333mol-L-1c(HCOOH)=0.0833molL-'1.10EKHCO•H2c2O425.00mL,F0.1500mol-L-1NaOHGHIJKL24ὑ25.00mL,MENOKHCOH2c2O420.00mL,⏚ᓄPᵨ0.04000mol•L_1KMnO244GHIJK◤⌕STUᓣW-ᫀ/⏚012%/|KHCO-HCOUM(NaOH)24224ᓄ()12%:J^-KHCO-HCO242244x20.00x0.1500x25.00K(KMnO)==20.00mL425.00x3x5x0.04000Y2Z[⚪]ὃ-ᫀ2.1_G`᪵b%cḄ:;ᑖᦪKfghi_GḄjkl20.48%ஹ20.55%ஹ20.58%ஹ20.60%,20.53%ஹ20.50%.(1)#$noᦪ8Ḅhᙳqஹ%rᦪஹhᙳstஹ᪗vtஹwxyᦪhᙳqḄ᪗vtz(20.54%,20.54%,0.12%,0.037%,0.046%,0.22%,0.019%)(2){|᪵bl᪗v᪵bᐸ%cḄ:;ᑖᦪ,20.45%,#$FN_GjkḄ~tt஺(+0.09%,0.44%)2.2_G᪵%CaOḄ:;ᑖᦪK,Cᑮ᝞jk:35.65%ஹ35.69%ஹ35.72%ஹ35.60%.:(1)#ᜐᳮPḄᑖ᪆jk2᝞⊤W(2)95%90%'hᙳqḄ஺-ᫀ/(1)jk⊤,:஻=4,x=35.66%,5=0.052%(2)1—a=0.95,ᑣa=0.05,Z(3)=3.18005஻Ḅ95%,:0.052%0.052%ஹ35.66%-3.18x,35.66%+3.18xV4=(35.58%,35.74%)1—a=0.90,ᑣa=0.10,/(3)=2.35010ᳮ/஻Ḅ90%,/(35.60%,35.72%)

42.3᪷8Fᵨ`_G᪵%═Ḅ:;ᑖᦪK᪗vst(ᓽb)l0.12%஺M_C¡Ḅ:;ᑖᦪ,9.56%,᝞kᑖ᪆jkᑖ¢l᪷8gஹ£gஹ¤g_GCᑮḄ#$ᔜgjkhᙳqḄ(95%')஺-ᫀ/¦§<7=0.12%,x-9.56%,1-a-0.95,a=0.05,^o,o5=l.96஻Ḅ95%/”=1,(9.56%-1.96X0.12%,9.56%+1.96X0.12%)=(9.32%,9.80%)ᳮ/஻=4,(9.44%,9.68%)஻=9,(9.48%,9.64%)2.4`ᑖ᪆¨ᕒª«¬_GḄ®஺ᵨ|ᑖ᪆`᪗v᪵b(᪗vq,16.62%),£g_GḄhᙳq,16.72%,᪗vt,0.08%.|jk¯᪗vqᨵ±²℉tx(',95%)o-ᫀ/¦§/஻=4,x=16.72%,5=0.08%Ꮇµ/஻=஻o=16.62%¶—஻016.72%-16.62%¸/#$7=■/=2.50s/50.08%ᙠt*=hos(3º3.18>/#$»¼_Gjk¯᪗vq±²℉tx஺2.5ᙠ½¾'`᪵¿ᑖ᪆ᡠCjk(Á)᝞:10࠷/96.5,95.8,97.1,96.037࠷/94.2,93.0,95.0,93.0,94.5Ãojklᔲᨵ²℉tx(',95%)஺-ᫀ/10࠷/஻i=4,Xj—96.4%,S|=0.6%37࠷/“2=5,¶2=93.9%,$2=0.9%(1)ᵨᔆÆÆ5=5lᔲᡂÉ(a=0.10)Ꮇµ5=5s20.92kÊᙌ=9="=2.2(/⊤=Í஺5(4,3)=9.12sÎ஺-6

52.6`¨_G&'
mol•L-1,ÖCFjk:0.2038ஹ0.2042ஹ0.2052,0.2039஺Y×Øjk2ᔲÙ!Wjk2᝞⊤W_G¬YÚgjk,0.2041,nKY×ØjkÛFÙ!ᔩWÝ',90%Þ¸d0.2052-0.20420-ᫀ/Q=—=---------------=0.71"/R0.2052-0.2038Q#$æ஺⊤=00,90Ý4è—0.76,..0.20522éᶇ°_GjkÛᵨ%rᦪ⊤/£=0.2041{íiYÚg_Gx=0.20415஺#$=0.71>஺ï=஺0.90(5)=0.64,.*.0.20522Ù!஺2.7᪗G0.1mol•L_1HCLðLὑHC125mLñò2óNa2c஺33vᱥSTôWõó;tὃ⇋÷ᔲøÐ0.1%?{ᦋᵨúṺ(NaBO-10HO),3vᱥjkü᝞W2472-ᫀ/ýNa2co3)=0.1x25x10-3x106.0/2=0.13g±0.0002^xl00%±()15%>01%r0.13w(NaBO10HO)=0.1x25xlO_3x38L4/2=0.48g2472±0X)002jx00%=±004%<()1%r0.482.8#ᑡᔜᦪ'ᨵḄᨵᦔᦪ+,-./0.0030(2ft)06.023XI()23(4.)064.120(5.);4.80X101°(3.);998(3.);1000(234)01.0X103(2.)5pH=5.26Ḅ7Ḅ(1.)஺2.9ᢥᨵᦔᦪ+;<#ᑡ=>:(1)213.64+4.4+0.324420(218.3)0.0982X(20.00-14.39)x162.206/3*A?A()(2)1.4182x1000(3)pH=12.20CDḄH஺(6.3X10-E2.10FGᵨIᔠKLMKLNOLP᪵RSḄTUᑖᦪ஺WXP᪵0.2000g,Yᐭ0.02002mol•L_1EDTACD25.00mL,MKL6[ὑ]0.02012mol•L_1Zt?+CD23.12mL஺_;

63⚪ᑖὃ⚪ὃkᫀ3.1R#ᑡᔜ⏚Ḅ⏚jᦪp&,ᑖ;<Ḅ□ᐸtḄᐳḄKb¡஺(1)H3Po40(2)H2C2O4;(3)¤ᵬ⏚;(4)NH+40(5)Ph-NH+o3H3PO4H2C2O4+4Ph-NH+¤ᵬ⏚NH311213112pKa2.167.2112.321.254.294.219.254.62Ka>.9XIO-36.2X10-84.8x10135.6XIO-25,1X10-56.2X1O-S5.6XIO-102.4X10,Kb2.1X10"I.6X10-71.4XIO'12I.9X1O101.8X10-131.6X1O101.8XIO54.2X1O-103.2(1);

7cKa[C2஺
]—CX0=[H+]+K-l.OxlO^xlQ-4-29=5.2xl0-5moir'lO^+lO-4293.4vÏÐÑRᑖÒᨵ100mL0.30mol-L-1ḄHAcCD஺᝞ÓᑖÔᐸpHÕ᦮×4.50ஹ5.005.50,´tᑖYᐭ2.0mol•L-1ḄNaOHCD¸¹Øᓣ?kᫀ5c(HAc)xx100=2.0xK(NaOH)0஻(NaOH)=*^"56஺&Ü<ÝX஺+]+ÛpH4.505.005.50xo0.350.630.85Þ(NaOH)5.39.512.83.5yßNH+4ḄpKa=9.25஺;1,▬å⊤ÆE7H+=0-826,5=0.745K,=K=10-925x0.745=1஺-ç8pKT=9.38a/NH3K=-ZnH--=1O*Sx2^=10-929=9.29/H'/NH0-82633.6ᑏ#ᑡᱥTìCDḄTíᩩï5(1)NH0(2)NHC10(3)Na2co30(4)KH2Po4;(5)NaAc+HBO«3433kᫀ5(1)NH[NH+]+[H+]=[OH']34(2)NH4CI[H+]=[NH]+[OH]3(3)Na2co3[H+]+[HCO-]+2[HCO3]=[OH]32(4)KH2PO4[H+]+[HPO]=[HPO42']+2[PO43']+[OH]34(5)NaAc+H3PO3[H+]+[HAC]=[H2BO3']+[OH]3.7;<#ᑡᔜCDḄpH5(1)0.10mol•L'C1CHCOOH(ñò⏚)02(2)0.10mol•I/óôᵬõö÷(஺ø2)62;(3)0.010mol•L”úõò⏚0+(4)úõò⏚CDûᵯý(ᓽNH3CH2COOHÄNH2cH2coe)Æÿ
Ḅ);(5)0.10mol-L_1NaS;2

8(6)0.10mol•L“H2so4஺"ᫀ:(1)O.lOmol•L_1ClCHjCOOH,pK,=2.86•Kc=\O_286x1O-100>207Caw"=12_*=1O386>25x103cI஺/0078ᵨ:;<=[H+]=jK,dH+])BCᐗEFG=[H+F+KH+]—KaC=O[H+]=l.lxl0-2mol/LpH=1.96(2)O.lOmol•L_1(CH)NpA==8.87264bKc=10-887X0.10=10-9-87>20K”.bL=^^=10-787<2.5x10-3c0.107PᵨᨬR<[OH-]=y/K^C=JlO""]0=10-4.94pH=pKw-pOH=14.00-4.94=9.06(3)O.OlOmol•L“TUV⏚(HA)H2A

20Kwc(HA)/Ka|=°.Ol%0_2.35=2-2<2O(2c(HA)_llQ-9-7iix0.010_..•-[H+]=1q615pH=6.15(4)TUV⏚efᵯh[HA+]=[A-]2[H+][HA]_^[HA]aij7=[H+]

9[H+]=J.Ka,=Jl0-235-978=]()-6.06pH=6.06(5)O.lOmoI•LqNaS2Pai7.05pKbl1.08ph12.92pKb26.95ᐜᢥCᐗopᜐᳮ7/C/e=10-'08/0.10=10—>2,5x10-biᵨ:;<7[OH]=^K(c-[OH-])biBCᐗEsFGt7[OH-]=10C௃23,H=12.77P2,2x10/5=10-42<aJ|34~-1+--+—[H+]I[H+][H+]2Jᐜᢥᐗo⏚ᜐᳮ,

10Kin-216j=——=IO-116>2.5X10-3c0.10Eᵨ:;<7[H+]=JK%—BCᐗEsFGt7[H+^IO-L64pH=1.642”2xlQ-7.21=10-527<<][H+]]0-1.64Eᔠᳮ஺
250mLO.lOmol•L_1HPO+25mLO.lOmol•L_1NaOH34cH3Po4=CHPOi==0.033mol2ᐜᵨᨬR<,"0wv7[H3ZC(H3PC)4)7C(H2POQ7Pᶍ78ᵨ:;<+cH3PoJ-[H+*CHPOi+[H+]:2BFGt7[H+]=l0229pH=2.29
350mLO.lOmol•L_1HPO+50mLO.lOmol•L1NaOH34cH,PO==5°x°1°=o.050mol-L-12450+50'KZ2[\ᜧ7[H2PO-4]=CH2PO-4alKa2cH2POi=1O-721X0.050=10'851»2QKWcHPOi//C=0.050/10r216=7.2<202a|,ᵨ:;<7pH=4.71
450mLO.lOmol•L_1HPO+75mLO.lOmol•L1NaOH34CHPOi=50x0.10-25x0.10=஺020molU'250+75

110.10x25c(HPOj)==0.020molU'50+75ᐜᢥᨬR<,+c(H2Po4)KK=10-7-21[H]=«12c(HPOj)'VC(HPOi)>[OH]-[H+]2c(HPO^)>[H+]-[OH]7ᢥᨬR<~ᔠᳮ7pH=7.213.9ᑴpH2.0010.00ḄTUV⏚efᔜ100mL,ᐸᱥzO.lOmol3஺◤ᑖ£¤¥TUV⏚(NH2cH2coOH)¦§¨©ªl.Omol,L"HC1ᡈ1.0mol•L-'NaOHᔜ¦§¬ᓣ©(M=75.07)"ᫀ:HA+—-xkW2pKq=2.35pKq=9.78(a)ᑴpH=2.00Ḅef78ªᐭHC1ZeroLevel=c(HCl),H+A',HO2zᩩ|=[H+]+[HA>[X]+[9^+C(HC1)2C++C[H+]cC(HCI)=[H-]+[HA]=[H]+^-2[F+]+=IO-200+I஺,
x0.1?=o.079molL-'I஺-2.஺஺+]0-2.35=0.079x100=79mL1.0w(H+A")=CKM=0.10X100X10-3X75.07=0.75g(b)ᑴpH10.00Ḅef78ªᐭNaOHZeroLevel=c(NaOH),HA'>H2Ozᩩ|=c(NaOH)+fH"+H42A-´[A[+[OH]K,d2cc(NaOH)=[OH]+[A]=[OH-]+[H+]+K.-4,oo.10-9-78x0.10in11Uᓝ|Q-10.00+]0-978=0.062molL0.062x100r(NaOH)==6.2mL1.0ª(H+A-)=0.75g

12Bµ2ᢥᐳ·⏚p¸¹~(a)C(HA+)=C(HC1),C(H+A)=0.10-C(HC1)2cºA7)—[H+]c(H+A-)+[H+]a|Bt7c(HCl)=0.079mol•L-1(b)c(A')=c(NaOH),c(H+A')=O.10-c(A')O.lO-c(A-)-------------------------------K,,a?c(A-)--'Bt7c(NaOH)=0.062mol•L-13.10»¼½¾8¿GÀÁ´ÂLOmmolH+,êᐭ5.0mLpH5.00ḄHAc-AcfefÄᑴef⏚஺᝞ÆǾ8¸¹ḄpHÈÉᑮ0.30ᓫÌ7ÍefÀḄHAcAUᔜ¦§©Îᑴvef1L,8ª¦§¨NaAc•30¦§¬ᓣÏÐ⏚17molL3?"ᫀ=FµC=ᓃÓ5.0c-1.0ibc=0.43mol-IT1aBt:c=0.75mol-L-1bw(NaAc-3HO)=0.75x136=102g2r(HAc)=0.43xl000/17=25mLFµE.1000.-3l.Onx------xlOnda5.0B=-=0.667dpH0.300=2.3%C~=0.667?'(W]+&)ÔÓ=1()467,Õ]=105°°Öᐭ<7Bt7c=1.25mol,L-1w(NaAc-3H2஺)=cxVM=108g0r(HAc)=cx,X103/17=27mL3.11ᵨ0.1000mol•L“NaOHef¼½0.1000mol•L“ᵬ⏚ef,ᓄÙ~ÚhḄpHÛ¦§©

13~ᵨÜ⏦Þᢣàᑺ(pT9.0)Ḅãhä[஺"ᫀ=O.lOOOmol•L'NaOH¼½O.lOOOmol•L'1HCOOHHCOOHp&=3.77pA==10.23bsp7[OIF]=JKC(A-)=^lO-'023x
=103”PH=8.23SPÜᲩÞᢣàᑺ,pT=9.0,ᓽpHep=9.0(1)ᵨÖᦪµf[OH-]ep-[H+]ep[H+%]E,xlOO%(c(HA%[H'+Kj(10-501O-90ஹX100%=0.02%(0.050KT5)஺+10-3”,(2)ᵨᨴê<ëpH=pHw-pHsp=9.0—8.23=0.8Kஹ=KJK”=10-3.77+14஺=io.2loiAAPH_in-APHin஺8_in-08E=-----------—x100%=----------x100%=0.02%t;r(K£pᡝ(1033)5(3)îãhä[ïlg(CspKJ=lg(10T3+m)=8.9,ApH=0.8îït7ñ=0.02%3.12ᵨ2.0X10-3mol•L-1HC1ef¼½20.00mL2.0X10'3mol•L'Ba(OH),ᓄÙ~Úhóô20.1%ḄpHÛ¦§©ÎᵨÜõÞᢣàᑺ(ãhpH8.0),~ãhä[஺"ᫀ=2.0X10'3mol•L_1HCI¼½2.0X10'3mol•L_1Ba(OH)2zeroLevel=c(HCl),c(Ba(OH)),HO22zᩩ|=[FT]+2c(Ba(OH)2)=c(HCl)+[OH-]spó0.1%,[OH-]=2c(Ba(OH)2)-c(HCl)2x20.00x2.0xIQ-3-2.0x1Q-3x19.98x220.00+19.98x2pH=8.13spô0.1%,[H+]=c(HCl)-2c(Ba(OH))2

142.0XQ—.OxlOFO.OO=.,I08820.00+40.04pH=5.88ÜõÞᢣàᑺ7pH=8.0epEJH+LP-[OH-]10-8஺-÷஺£>.-------------------------------------X1VU/o----------------------------;-----------------X1VU/O2c(Ba(OH))2x2.0x10-3x20.002sp60.00-0.07%3.13ᵨ0.1000mol•L-1HC1ef¼½20.00mLO.lOOOmol•L“NaOH,ÎNaOHefÀøùᨵ0.2000mol-L-1NaAc,~ᓄÙ~ÚhûᓄÙ~Úhóô0.1%ḄpHiμ½ᑮpH7.0,ãhä[ᨵ¦ᜧ©"ᫀ=O.lOOOmol•L_1HC1O.lOOOmol•L_1NaOH+0.2000mol•L_1NaAcsp:O.lOOOmol•L_1NaAc[ri-14.00[OH-]=jK/(Ac-)=ü0.1000=10-512]0476pH=8.88spó0.1%,ᨵ0.1%NaOHýþ¼½,efÀùᨵ:0.0500x0.1%mol-L-lNaOH+O.lOOOmol•□NaAc[OH]஺c(NaOH)(ᒕ)=0.0500x0.1%=10-430pH=9.70sp0.1%,HCl(0.0500X0.1%)AUᓄᡂHAcpH=8.06pH7.0Ḅᵨ,ᩩ[H+]+[HAc]+c(NaOH)=c(HCl)+[OH]c(HCl).-c(NaOH)+[HAc],o.oE=———-------x100%=ᡝᵬ——---------x100%c(NaOH)c(NaOH)spsp"'E^xioo%=஺஺᮱x1஺஺%c(NaOH%[H+]+^0.0500x(1O-70+1O-476)epa=1%

153.14ᵨ0.5000mol•L'HCI./010.5000mol•L-12ᐗ45B(pA=6.00),ᓄ<=bḄpH>?ᡠᵨ./ḄABCD0.0200mol-L-1,FGH᝞JKLᫀ(1)OOOOOmol•L“HC1010.5000mol•LB,(pKb=6.00,p/C=8.00)aspU[H+]=.Y(Z=’IOW*—2-=IO-pH=4.30sp^0.1%,[H+]=S^Ka=ᓩ'10-&°°=10-5஺஺UpH=5.00sp0.1%,[H+]=c(HCl/=CspX0.1%=10-36஺UpH=3.600.5000*]08.00fgᵨhijklg(4KJ=lg=7.402g=±0.1%UApH=±0.70ᦑ01qrs5.00-3.60(2)0.0200mol•L_1HC1010.0200mol•L_1BspU[H+]=J(c(HB)=710-800-2'00=1O-500pH=5.00sp^0.1%,(B)=°-0^00x0.1%=IO-500C(HB+B)c(HB)=°-0^00x99.9%=IO-2'00w+]=c(HB)xyUpH=5.21c(B)+[H+]“TCஹ0.0200500,C(HB)=10-2()0sp0.1%,c(HCl)=---x0.1%=10(HB+HC1)[H+]=c(HCl)+——c(HB),xyUpH=4.79[H]+(3.15ᑖ{0.1000mol-L-1NaOH010.1000mol•L”H3PO4pH=5.0pH=10.0Ḅ=hi஺LᫀO.lOOOmol•L_1NaOHO.lOOOmol•f1H3PO4

16sp,HPO-(0.0500mol•L“)24+KaC(HPO)+K“UspHP02'(0.0333mol•L")[H]=....----=10e6624[l+c(HPO>)/K%H3PO4pKalpKa2pKa32.167.2112.322ᑭᵨhijkpHep=5.0UApH=0.291()029_10-0.29Eஹ=------x100%=0.5%(0.43%)᝞”pHep=10.00UApH=0.3410஺34_1n-0.34E,=-----------x100%=0.3%(0.24%)r2/(ᦪ'rpj+-|ஹpHஹ.=5.0UEஹ=X,-X,——-2ᕒ2X100%=0.5%P.3c(H3PO4)J4_E+[OH%PHep=10.00UE{ஹ252c(HPO)x100%=0.3%34sp23.16ᵨ11᪵UᵨḄ100mL0.3mol•L'HCIᔾᦈUᯠᵨ0.2mol-L-'NaOH᪗./0஺?ᔾᦈ/Ḅ¡ABs0.2mol-L1,ᓄ<=ḄpH0ᑮpH4.0£7.0Ḅ=hi஺Lᫀ¤¥⚪§▭sHCI01NH3©ª«NᱏᔾᦈUᒕ¯HCIABs0.3-0.2=0.1mol-f1,ᵨ0.2mol-L-'NaOH°0U±ὑ5Ḅ©³s0Ax100=50mL,0.2´¥=©³s150mL,sp./sNHJ0.2x100c(NH'p=0.13mol-L-1100+50[H+]=jKaC(NH>%=A/1O-925XO.I3=10p4=5.1sp(1)ᦪEஹZeroLevelHCI,NH,NaOH,HO32ᩩ[H+]+[NH/]+c(NaOH¶c(HCl)+[OH]

17ᱥᧇ¹⊝C(NH)=[NH4+]+[NH]33c(HCl)ep-c(NaOH)ep-c(NH3)epc(NIUpஹpH=7.0,ApH=1.9epep10-ApH_inApHE=-------------------j-xlOO%(FGÁᦪÂ)td(ÃÄÅ0ᑮpH4.0,HC1UhisÆ>0pH7.0,NaOHUhisÇ஺)3.17Èᨵ2Ê᪵Ë஺ÌÍ᪵1.000g,ÎᜐᳮUÑÒ⏚ÔÕÖÊsÊÒ⏚ÔUᵨ×ØÙḄÒ⏚╆Uᵨ0.1000mol-L-1NaOH50.00mL.xÕÖ஺ḄNaOHᵨ0.2000mol-L-1HNO301UÑÛ⏚ÜᢣÞᑺUᵨÙHNO10.27mL,᪵ḄÊàáᓄÊḄ3ᑖᦪ஺Lᫀ¤NH«HPO-12MOO-HO+24OH-=12MoOj+HPO+2NH>+13ã042432(c(NaOH)•K(NaOH)-c(HNO)-r(HNO33Mlក«mx103s30.97(0.1000x50.00-0.2000x10.27)xxlOO%l.OOOxlO3=0.3802%"(PQ)w(PO)-^(P)252Z(P)1419=0.3802%xx100%=0.871%2x30.973.18ᨵ2Na2c஺3ÁNaOHḄèᔠᱥ஺ÈÌÍ᪵0.5895g,.ê×Uᵨ0.3000mol•!?HC1

1801Ûíî⁐.UᵨÙHC124.08mL>ðᵬñòóôᵨHC101UH±ὑHC112.02mL஺᪵Na2c஺3ÁNaOHḄᑖᦪ஺LᫀHC1NaOH+Na2c஺3PPJK,HCO3-MOJ%H2cO3“Na2coJ=õ0°X%/Xi஺ö,I஺஺÷=64.84%0.5895x10000.3000x(24.08-12.02)x40.00„w(NaOH)-----------i----------------L---------x11A00A%0/=24.55%0.5895x10003.19ø᪵Na2c஺3ஹNaHCCh£ᐸûüឋᱥ஺ÌÍ᪵0.3010g,ᵨÛ⏦ÜᢣÞᑺ01,ᵨÙ0.1060mol•L-1HC120.10mL,óôᵨᵬñòÜᢣÞᑺ01,ᐳᵨ
HC147.70mL஺᪵Na2cChNaHCOḄᑖᦪ஺3ᫀ!Na2co3ஹNaHCO3PPJHCO]MO4H2CO3\0.1060x20.10x106.0“Na,COJ=-------------------(-------x100%=75.03%'2370,3010xl03Tseஹ0.1060x(47.70-2x20.10)x84.01…0,“NaHCOJ=---------------------------!~~--------x100%=22.19%3.20./0᪗23NaOH45678ᐸ:;<0.1026mol•@ABᐸC☄EFG6HIᔾᦈLCO2஺<72CO2Ḅᔾᦈ6MNO525.00mL,ᵨ0.1143mol-L-1HC1S2TUVWXὑ
HCI4522.31mL஺!(1)[ᓣNO5ᔾᦈL]^_CO2?(2)ᵨNO5
72a⏚:;6c:;de0.1026mol•Lf6ghi]ᜧAklᫀ!c(HCl)r(HCl)(1)c(NaOH)♦(NaOH)0.1143x22.31=0.1020molL-125.00w(CO)=(0.1026-0.1020)x1.000x44.00=0.026g2

190.1026—0.1020
2E,x100%=+0.6%0.1020rὃ⚪3.6ᵨ0.0200molL-1EDTAS225.00mL0.200mol-L_1Zr?+456uᐭ0.10mol-L-1HAc-0.10mol-L-'AcTwx452.0mLeyᑴ45ḄpH<5.0{|6}ᔲᑮl᝞}I45ᙠS2ḄpHḄᦋ0.2pHᓫl(EDTA(ᵨNa2H2⊤)S2Zi?+Ḅ

20(1)ÂÃ((2)NHC1((3)HF((4)NaAc(4(5)H3BO3;(6)ÈṺ((7)ÊÃ((8)NaHCO»3ᫀ:ᎷÏc=O.lmol,L1,cKa(Kb)210-8¼ᵨµ¶72S2ᑺᢣᑺÂÃKb=4.3X10”HC1MRHFKa=6.8X10"NaOHPP5NazBzjO?A!b=1.7X10-HC1MRNaHCOKb2=2.4XIO”HC1MO(MR,Ø)3}µ¶72Ḅᱥ!NHC1Ka=5.6X104°ᵬÚ(ᡈÜÝ)724NaAcKb=5.7X10"°ÞßS2H3BO3Ka=5.7X10“°]ᐗ⏣¤ᓄ6ᵨNaOHS2C6H5-NH2Kb=4.2Xl()T°_ã2ärὃ⚪3.12²ᑡᔜ45}ᔲᵨ⏚OS2726ᵨ·¸S2ᑺºᢣᑺ6S2WXḄåᱥæ·¸l(1)çè⏚((2)NaHS((3)êëÂ⏚ì((4)íîïð⏚((5)NaOH+(CH)N(:;ᙳ5,cKbi>10T,+⏚HC1MRHA-9.78!ᑖ#஺1.92pKa<5,cKa2>10t2)*+,⏚NaOHPPA'6.22!01ᐰ3NaOH+pKb=8.87>7,5.13HC1PP(CH)N(CH)N!9NaOHᑖ:2642640.5mol•L'1(C*a)@⏚10B4.76HAc!9,ὅD:Fὃ⚪3.13IJKᑡMᔠᱥḄᑖ᪆Rᫀ:(1)HC1+NH4clMᔠU;(2)W⏚+WṺMᔠᱥY

21(3)HCI+H3PO4MᔠU஺Zᫀ[(1)HC1+NH4clᵨNaOH
]^MR_ᢣaᑺ]
ᐸdḄHC1஺eᵨᵬgh9
NH4CI,^PP_ᢣaᑺ஺(2)W⏚+WṺᵨHC1
]^MR_ᢣaᑺ]
ᐸdḄWṺ]eiᐭᵞ☄⏣]nH3BO3oᓄ]ᵨNaOH
]^PP_ᢣaᑺ஺(3)HC1+H3P஺4ᵨNaOH
]^MO_ᢣaᑺ]9,ὅᔠ:YeqrᵨNaOH
]ᵨPPᢣaᑺ]9sH3P஺4ᑖ:஺tuvw⚪4.1xyz{ᔠᱥᔜ}~
ᦪ_K~7.8X10-3K᪷2=14X10-3K43=3.3X10"K~4=7.4XW5(1)Jᔜ}
ᦪKLK4ᔜ}ᦪ0£4Y(2)z{ᔠᱥUdCU(NH)2+4Ḅ_CU(NH)2+Ḅ10]Ud[NH3]333(3)z{ᔠᱥUdc(NH3L1.0X10-2moiLLc(Cu2>1.0X10"*mol•L“(ᶍCi?+,NH3Ḅ)]JCFᔜ}z{ᔠᱥḄ஺UdCu(H)Ḅ⌕¡ᙠ£¤¥¦Zᫀ[(1)K/1K~2K~3K~47.8XI0-31.4X10-33.3X10-37.4X10-51111K—KK—K—1”23—4wrK4K3K2K11.4X1043.0X1037.1X1021.3X1022K33=KஹK2K3K41.4X1044.2X1073.0X10103.9X1012(2)Cu(NHs)Z=/C[NH]=IO43CU(NH/+[NH]=—=7.7X10"mol-L-13K4(3)c(NH)=1.0xl0_2mol-L-1c(Cu)=l.Ox10_4mol-L-13

22c(Cu)[Cu2+]=c(Cu)-x=0l+[NH]^+[NH]2yS+[NH]^+[NH3rA33233_________________________________l.OxlQ-41+1.0X10-2X1.4X104+1.0xl0-4x4.2xl074-l.OxlO_6x3.OxlO10+1.0xl0-xx3.9xl012LOxlO_4,.”.I-------=1.4x10mol•L7.3xlO4[2+-x,=[NHjgix].0xlO'=1.9x107mol-L'CU(NH)]=C(CU)37.3xlO4[cu(NH3)Y]=c(Cu)•=I*“2x1.0x10-4=58x10-6mol•I/[cu(NH)J+]=c(Cu).x=º&]B;xl.OxlO-4=4.1xlO_5mol-L-133/X1v[CU(NH)^]=C(CU)-X1.0x10-4=5.3x10-5mol-L-1341.3XIUUd^CU(NH)Y,CU(NH3)]_34.2⏒¿À(L)Fe3+{ᔠᱥḄlg£|aIgÁᑖÂ_11.4,22.1,26.7஺ÃᢣÄᙠK☢~ÆpLFe(IH)Ḅ⌕¡ᙠ£¤஺pL=22.1pL=11.4pL=7.7pL=3.0Zᫀ[lg&alg3ᑖÂ_11.4,10.7,4.6ÇÈÉÊËpl+FeLFeLFeL23-τ-------1---------!------LPIg^ilg7TIgK2(11.4)(10.7)(4.6)PL22.111.47.73.0Fe'+[FeJ+]=[FeL]FeLFeL234.3xyNHḄKb=l()463,ÃJÐ(Nm+bKiNHjhdWNHqH)ÑpH=9.0Ḅ°ÓÄ)3

23Zᫀ[K(NH)=ߟfw=]0T4,OO+4.63=10-9.37aV”Õ(Ö)KH(NH)=—J-r=10937I"4(NH)KOH(NH.OH)=-7-^-------=10463714)Kb(NHQH)pH=9.0%H3(H)=1+[H+]KH(NH)=3.34.4
1JpH5.5EDTAUḄ1gaY×HØÙY×2ÚÄpH1,2,10EDTAḄ1g&Y×HØÙ]Ûᙠᙶ᪗ÞßàÄlg

244.5J1g4cd(NH3)ஹlgacd(OH)lg஺cdÙ(Cd2+-OH{ᔠᱥḄ1g2óᚈ4ᑖÂ4.3,7.7,10.3,12.0)»(1)õ╍Ud[NH3]=[NH4+]=0.1Y(2)iᐭ:NaOH÷(1)UdøpH_10.0஺Zᫀ[ÚsCd?+—NH3{ᔠᱥḄ1g£τ1g£°ᑖÂ_[2.60,4.65,6.04,6.92,6.6,4.9Cd2+-OH•Ḅ᝶_᝶᜜[4.30,7.7,10.3,12.0(1)[NH]=[NHY]=0.1mol-L-1/.[OH]=K=lO^molgL1,pH=9.373b26a(NH=1+[NHJA+[NH]^+-+[NHJ
Cd3)32_10-2.0+4.65+-£0-3.0+6.04+4.0+6.92=1034lg^Cd(NH)-3.43a2Cd(OH)=1+[OH-]A+[OH]A+[OHH3+[OH]ᨴ=l+10-4.6+4.3=IO02lg3=3.4(2)pH=10.0[NH3,]=—=-0”)=0.16=IO-08(molL1)[H+]+Alo-w.o+lo-9.37ᡈ[ýþH)=^=1+[H+]RH(NH[)=1+10-lo+9-37=IO0-1,[NH/J(NH%S=0%°L"8Æ4—5(1)Js[lgacd(NHஹ)=40>lg«cd(oH)=05]Igacd=4.04.6JK☢ÿ
ḄIgK'(NiY)஺(1)pH=9.0,c(NH)=0.2mol•L13(2)pH=9.0,c(NH)=0.2mol•L-1,[CN-]=0.01mol•L஺3ᫀ(1)lgK(NiY)=18.6Ni—NH3ᔠᱥḄlg£1g£6ᑖ2.75,4.95,6.64,7.79,8.50,8.49pH=9.0W,lg(z=0.5,lga=0.1,lga=1.4NHj(H)Nj(OH)y(H)

25[NH]=c(NHj/=°%5=10-12=006(molgL)3-NH,)=1+PH3+[NH,fম+...+[NH3F_10-2.4+4.95+]0-3.6+6.64+jQ—4.8+7.79+jQ—6.0+8.50=1()34lg^,(NiY)=lg^(NiY)-lga.-lgaMY(H)=18.6-3.4-1.4=13.8(2)[CN-]=0.01Ni-CNḄIg4=31.3(Z(CN)=l+[CN-]4/?=l+10-2.0x4+31,3=]023.3Ni4^N/~^Ni(NH)+^Ni(CN)+^Ni(OH)-23=]023.3IgM(NiY)=IgK(NiY)-lg%-3%)=18.6—23.3—L4=—6.14.7!ᑴpH=5.0ஹpCa=3.8Ḅ$%&ᡠ◤EDTA)Ca?*ᱥ*Ḅ+,-,ᓽM(EDTA)஻(Ca)12?ᫀpCa=lgK(CaY)-1ga+1gY(H)[CaY]lg-^-=3.8-10.7+6.6=-0.3[CaY][Y']:[CaY]=1:2ᓽw(EDTA):w(Ca)=3:24.8ᙠpH10.0Ḅ5ឋ78$%9&:2XW2mol•L-1EDTA;<=>?ḄPb?+$%஺@;?0.2mol-L-1,HIᓄKH+LCḄIgK'(PbY)ஹ[Pb']M⏀E⏚NᔠᱥḄ>?஺(⏀E⏚NᔠᱥḄIgK3.8)ᫀ:PbY⏀E⏚:H2L⊤Q&pKa,=2.9,pKa,=4.1lgK(PbY)=18.0,lgK(PbL)=3.8

26pH=10.0C,lg^Y(H)=0,5&lgapb(oH)=2.7c(HL)=[L]=0.1molL-1sp2a=1+[L]K(PbL)=1+10-,0+3-8=102sPb(L)aPb=aPb(L)+aPb(OH)—1=I஺""+I஺"'-1=௃0"IgK'(PbY)=lgK(PbY)-lgapb—ᚈ%,ᔣ=18.0-3.1-0.5=14.4(pPb)p=(lgM(PbY)+pqp(Pb))=1(14.4+2.0)=8.2[PbL]sp+[P%f=aPb(L)=I஺"[Pb]sp.'.[PbL]=1028-|13-10-"3=10-85sp[PbLhᡈ:K(PbL)=[Pb][L]spsp.-.[PbL]=/C(PbL).[Pb][L]=10-85spspsp4.915mL0.020mol•L_1EDTA)10mL0.020mol•L_1Zi?+$%tuᔠ&@pH4.0,HIZr?*
@vᑴZ-
IO௃஺mol•Llw$%pHxvᑴᙠ1ᜧzᫀlgK(ZnY)=16.5,lg^H(ZnHY)=3.0pH=4.0C&lg(ZY(H)=8.6&lgazn(oH)=0,°a=l+[H+]KH(ZnHY)=1+10-40+3°=10°04ZnY(H)1gK'(ZnY)=IgK(ZnY)-1ga-lga+lgaY(H)Zn(OH)Y(H)Zn=16.5-0.0-8.6+0.04=7.915x0.020-10x0.020_rwn1A24()uᔠ,[Y1=---------------------=10=0.004015+1010x0.02()=io-2.io=0008025r_[ZnY&]_VTO%ZnlLK'(ZnY)[Y']107-9xl0^4°

27@vᑴ[Zn]=10"°[0-2.10[ZnY]ᑣK'(ZnY)=1073|Q-7.0-2.40[Zn][Yllga=IgK(ZnY)-IgK'(ZnY)=16.5-7.3=9.2Y(H)ᵫlgay(H)~PH&pH=«3.84.10:2X10-2mol•LTEDTA;<=>?ḄCd2+$%&@pH5.5,HIᓄKH+L0.1%ḄpCd஺⌱ᵬᢣQᑺ¡ᔲᔠ〉zᫀlgK(CdY)=16.5pH=5.5C&lgtz=5.7,lg«=0,IgA^H(CdHY)=2.9Y(H)Cd(0H)acd%H)=1+[H+]KH(cdHY)=l+10S5+29=1¦§(1)lg/f(CdY,)=lg/C(CdY)-lga=16.5-5.7=10.8Y(H)r…i2xIO_2X0.1%,._50spHif0.1%[Cd]=-------------=102X1O2XO.1%^..IO5Osp0.1%[Y']=2=[CdY]=Gp(Cd)=[ORCd=IO-78«K(CdY')[Y']-K(CdY')[Y']-IO10-50;<¬pCd5.0-7.8pH5.5C&ᵨXO¯ᢣQᑺ&(pCd&=5.0,ᦑX0±ᵨ¦§(2)lgc/C(CdY,)=lg(10^0+10!i)=8.8sp@±0.1%,´µ¶·¸ApCd=±1.4(pCd%=(IgK(CdY')«௃gqp(Cd))=6.4.•.;<¬pCd5.0-7.84.11ᙠpH=13C&ᵨEDTA;?CᓄKH+L0.1%ᓄKH+LᓄKH+L0.1%0.01mol•L-15.36.4

280.1mol•L“____________________________________________________________________ÁQ1.ᓄKH+L01ÂḄpMtÃÄᓄKH+LᨵÃÆᐵÈ஺2.K't=ḄÉÈ&>?Êᜧ10ËC&¬Êᜧ1ÌpMᓫÎsp0.1%ḄpMt=஺c/mol•L-1pCa-0.1%sp+0.1%0.015.36.47.50.14.35.97.54.12ᙠ«<ᩩÐ&ᵨ0.010mol•LEDTA;<20.00mL=>?ÑÒÓÔM஺ÕÖ×ᩩÐØx¡½ᐰḄ&ᙠÚᐭ19.98Ü20.02mLEDTACpMᦋÞ1ᓫÎ&HIK'(MY)஺ᫀ»⚪à&£i=+0.1%,ApM=0.5%(M)=0.010/2=0.0050molL-110ApM_JQ-ApM]0஺-5_JQ-0.5Et==0.1%(0.0050á);92ã,K'=l0-0.1%pM'=—lg(0.0050x0.1%)=5.30+0.1%pM'=IgA?—3=5.3+1.•.lgK'=9.34.13ËäåRḄ⏚ÓãæᦪKai=10,3&Ka2=10ç&è)╅Ḅᔠᱥê<æᦪK(MgIn)=l(f6஺HIpHlO.OC(pMg%;@:èᢣQᑺ&ᙠpH10.0C:2XIO”mol•L-1EDTA;<=>?ḄMg?*,ëLµ¶1ᜧzᫀìäåRḄa=10-73,Ka,=10-1”l2=1013-5,K=10732—=1()135,.=1020.8TC(Mgln)=1076(1)pH=10.0Caᵪ)=1+[H+m+[H+fম=1+10"0+13§+10-20.0+20.8=103.51n(pMg),=1gK(Mgln')=1gK(Mgln)-1ga=7.6-3.5=4.1In(H)

29(2)IgK(MgY)=8.7,pH=10.0C,lga=0.5Y(H)lgK(MgY')=1gK(MgY)—1ga=8.7-0.5=8.2Y(H)(pMg)=1(lgK(MgY)+pc%(Mg))=1(8.2+2.0)=5.1ApMg=4.1—5.1=-1.0,lg-(Mg)•K(MgY')=6.2µ¶·&6=—0.8%î±ᵨEïðHI10ApM-10-4pM10-10-10,°cME=--------------------------j-x100%=--------------x11100%{&(Mg)K(MgY')>(10ᵪ+8»=-0.8%4.14:2ñKT?molEDTA;<>?ᙳ2X10-2molV1ḄC-'Ca?+uᔠ%9ḄCi?ᓱ஺᝞$%pH5.0,:PANᢣQᑺ&HIëLµ¶õHIᓄKH+LMëLCCaYḄö⊝>?ᔜ¡12zᫀCu2++Y——►CuYH*/\ca2+HYCaYlgK(CuY)=18.8,lgK(CaY)=10.7pH=5.0,lga=6.6Y(H)(1)a=1+[Ca]K(CaY)=IO-20+10-7=1087»a=1066Y(Ca)Y(H),•aN=aY(Ca)=107IgK(CuY')=lgK(CuY)-lga=18.8-8.7=10.1y(pC%=(lgK(CuY)+pc(Cu))=1x(10.1+2.0)=6.05spᙠpH=5.0C,(pCu),=8.8(PAN)ᑣApCu=(pCu)&-(pCu)sp=8.8-6.05=2.75

30ApC_-ApCu102.75-10-2.7510U10E=--------------------x100%=---------------x100%=5%t(CspK(CuY)ù(lo-zo+mp(2)[Y,]=[Y]+^[HiY]+[CaY]aஹ&(ca)>>^Y(H)[Y]a[CaY]ᙠspi)[CaY]=[Y1=[Cul=lO^mol-L-1spPp_[CuY]_[CaY]spspP[Cu%K(CuY)[Ca]-7C(CaY)spIO20[CaYl6ns,ᓽú=ç-,/.L[CaY]=IO-605molL-1[zi-6.05+18.8[-2.0+10.7[CaYlin-2.oᙠepi)[CaY"=[Y]p=———==10-33mol•1/epepK(CuY')[Cu]epIO101-88ii)[CaY]=[Y'Lp=[Y'k•10-APY=10-63+2.75=^i.-«ep10moL[CuY^[CaY]cp[CaY]=10-33molL-'iii)ep[C%K(CuY)«[CalpK(CaY)4.15ᵨvᑴ⏚?Ḅ¦§ᑖû;<>?ᙳ2XIO-2mol-L“ḄTh'+MLa3+»@EDTA>?2X10ümol.L1,HI:(1);~PH)
*ᨬ+⏚-pH=2.1

3110"°106[OH-]pH=3.4[Th4+]〉/ḄpH1pH2.123.432ᨬpH3pTh}=
pTh4sp5pH1gK(ThY')=1gK(ThY)—1ga=23.2-13.4=9.8Y(pTh%=1(lgK(ThY')+pCsp(Th))=(9.8+2.0)=5.96
pThL=5.9,ᵫ3pTh
2pH89(:;<ḄpH2.7(3)pH=5.5%
lgaY(H)=5•7
c(La)=2,0^10-=10~22splgK(LaY')=1gK(LaY)-1ga=15.4-5.7=9.7Y(II)(pLa)=(lgK(LaY')+pc(La))=1(9.7+2.2)=6.0spsp(*pH5.5%1XOḄ(pLa)]=5.0(=P400)ApLa=5.0—6.0=—1.0lg(c(La)-K(LaY஺)=-2.2+9.7=7.5sp()
E=-0.2%i4.16ᵨ2XIO?.L“ḄEDTA?-ᙳ2X10-2mol•L”ḄPb2+,A/BᔠDEḄmolPb2\F⏒HIJKAL+,%OPQRᔠḄF⏒HIS?-0.1mol-L1,pH5.0,ᵬᢣᑺ
TU3F⏒HIḄpKa=8.8,VᶍF⏒HIPPb2+Rᔠ4஺!ᫀ“E”⊤F⏒HI,^H
HE=1088AlEjḄZ[\᝶^8.1,15.7,21.2Pb+Y---------->PbYH+HEA1E,A1E,A1E23QH)=1+[H+]KH(HE)=10-5.0+8.8=103.8[El᯿=1k[E]=°E(H)

32«()=I+[E]A+[E]2A+[E]3AA1E=]+]0-4.8+8.1+]0-9.6+15.7+]0T4.4+21.2_JQ6.9[Al]=-^iIQ-20=io-&969aAl(E)10a=1+[A1X(A1Y)=1+10-&9+16J=1஺7.2Y(A1)pH5.0a=a+a—1=107-2+IO6,6=1073NY(AI)Y(H)1gK(PbY')=1gK(PbY)-lga=18.0-7.3=10.7Y(pPb%=1(lgK(PbY')+p%(Pb))=1x(10.7+2.0)=6.4(*(pPb
=7.0(=p400),ApPb=0.6APb_-ApPbO.6_-O.610P101010E=-------------j-xlOO%=--------------px100%=0.02%t(CspK(PbY)>(10-2.0+10.7)54.17ᙠpH=5.5%ᵨ0.020mol-L-1HEDTA(X)?-Zn2+,Cd?+DEḄZi?+,KIJKCd2+,XOᢣᑺ஺1ZnX)=14.5,1CdX)=13.0,lg%(H)=46,(pZn)(XO)=5.7TU*lgotd(i)=5.1
lgax(cd)=5.9,lgK(ZnX')=8.6,(pZn)=5.3,^=+0.1%,tsp᪷ᦪ
ᡂ⊤(ᓫ¢ᙳmol-L-1)[Xz][X]E[H,X][Cd2+]i=lG3ᓄ¥T¦§ᓰYஹ/ஹஹஹ!ᫀ:lgK(ZnX)=14.5,lgK(CdX)=13.0lgax(H)=46,(pZn\(XO)=5.7᝶¬«1)=51
lga=5.9x(Cd)lgK(ZnX')=8.6,(pZn)sp=5.3,Eஹ=+0.1%Z[H,X]4X]-a=10-"-2+4-6=10-66spspx(H)

33[Cd]=®9=10஽°\5/=io-±sp1Cdপep%.ApX=—ApZn=—(5.7—5.3)=—0.4[X']ep=[Xlp10°4=10-5.3+0.4=jQ-4.9ᳮ4%=10-´¢4=]0-µ2[¶X%=10-66+04=10-6.2•••epPsp%·¸)¹
..[C*=[Cd]sp=10-7±1º][Cd][X][X]/Jsp10-5J10112]0-6.6ioep10-4y10-108]0\6.210-7.14.18»§¼FezCh½AI2O3Ḅ᪵0.2015g஺᪵¿ÀÁ
ᙠpH2ÂÃÄᩰ⏚ᢣᑺ
ÆÇÈ50࠷ÊË
0.02008mol-L-1ḄEDTAÈÌ⁐Îᜫ,ÎὑEDTA15.20mLᯠÁÆᐭÓEDTA᪗Õ¿D25.00mL,ÆÇÖ×
ØpH4.5,PANᢣᑺ
ÙÇᵨ0.02112mol•L"Cu?+᪗Õ¿DÚ
ᵨÛ8.16mL஺TU᪵EFez஺?PAI2O3Ḅܦᑖᦪ3¬⊤4஺!ᫀÞvFeO¿᪵Fe"ÂÃÄᩰ⏚FeYY3ß4FeYPANCu2+23----------►-----------------►--------------►-----------------►JYீᒕ4AI2O3A/pH2Al3+AA1YpH4.51597c(Y)/(Y)M0.02008x15.20w(FeO)------------------------T—x100%=12.10%23m0.2015xlO3x10's(c(Y)*(Y)-c(Cu).P(Cu))MW(A1O)23mx103(0.02008x25.00-0.02112x8.16)x102.0-------------------------------------------------------------xlOO%=8.34%0.2015x2xl034.19⧼BitPb2\Cd?+ḄD25.00mL,ᵬᢣᑺ
ᙠpH=lᵨ0.02015mol•!?EDTA,ᵨÛ20.28mLØpHÈ5.5,ᵨEDTAãᵨÛ30.16mLäÆᐭåæç
ᵨ0.02002mol-L-1Pb?+᪗Õ¿D
TᵨÛ10.15mL஺TU¿DEBi?+ஹPb?+ஹCd?+Ḅ?-஺

34!ᫀ:BèPb2BiYYIBiYPhenBiYXO,Y1Pb2+Pb2+pHு.ுêPbY»PbY1pHl▼Cd2+Cd2+CdYCd(Phen)+YpH1%
ëᨵBi3+í
pH5.5%,Pb2+,Cd?+ᙳíÆᐭPhen,îᣚ:PCd?+ð᥅òḄY஺/ó.ஹ0.02015x20.28c(Bi)=-------------------=0.01635molL25.000.02002x10.15_..,c(Cd)=------------------=0.00813molLr25.000.02015x30.16-0.02002x10.15
..c(Pb)=----------------------------------------=0n.0n161182molL25.004.20â§25.00mLpH1.0ḄBi3\Pb?+D
ᵨ0.02000mol-L-1EDTABi'+TὑÛ15.00mLEDTA஺ôõᙠö¿DEPb2+,◤ÆᐭøùúûᵬÃüý
þÿpH
ᑮ5.0?ᫀBi3++HY2=BiY+2H+2BP஻(H+)=0.1x25+0.02xl5x2=3.1mmolpH=5.0,◤ᐭᵬ(A)஺pH=p^+lg—=5.26+lg-^-=5.0aG஻(HA)ᐸ஻(HA)=஻(H+)=3.1mmolz?(A)=1.7mmolA)=("(A)+/?(HA))xl40.1xl0-3=0.67gᓝ/#+ஹ0.1x25^0.02x15x2_..ᡈc(H)=---------+---------------=0n.0n78QmolLTt4040pH=p(+lg%=5.26+lg◤=5.0c0.078aCb=0.043molI?m(A)=(c+c)x0.040x140.1=0.67gab'()ὃ⚪

354-15012EDTA78Ḅ:;ᨵCa2+,ᑨBCᑡEFGHIJḄKLM1NOCaCChQᱥS᪗EDTA,ᵨOV8ḄZi?+,X0ᢣ]ᑺ_HIJ`a஺M2NObcdQᱥSX0ᢣ]ᑺ᪗EDTA,ᵨOHV8Ca2+Ḅ;_HIJ`e஺M3NObcdQᱥSghTᢣ]ᑺ᪗EDTA,ᵨOHV8Ca2+Ḅ;;GHIJjKL஺4-16lmᑖ᪆pᫀM1N;ᨵFe3+ḄV8HBi"Fe3+VcFe2+pH1Y£Fe2+Bi?+{|Fe?+Bi3+XOBiYM2NZn2\Mg2+ᔠ8ὅḄHMpᫀNA.Zr?+pH5.5,ᵬbufferZnYHZr?+Mg2+XOMNg2+MNZn2+pH10,NHbufFer_YJZnYHZn2++Mg2+LMg2+EBTMNMgYMNB.Zn2+pH10.NH,buffer.YJZnMCNN2-HCHOZr?+YlZnY4Mg*KCN,EBTMNMgYMNZd+MgYMNMgYHMgHZnC.Zn2+pH10.NH,bufferJ“ZnYKCNMsr2+]ZnMCNN2'4Mg2+,EBTMNMgYMN'2ᣚ£ZnIᔠ¤YMgYMNH¥HZnব§ᔠbPb2\Zr+ḄHCu2+CU
CN2-CU
CN2'33Pb2+pH10,NH_BufferYJPbYHCHOYJPbYZn2+⏀ª⏚¬KCN,EBTZnMCNN2-Zn2+ZnY4M⏚78NMNMNMNMNHPbHZn®¯°±Cu2+CuYCuYPb2+pH5.5YMNPbYXOZr?—PbYH¥Zn2+ZnYZnYYMNMN4Ca2+£EDTAᔠ78ὅḄH᝞J⁐,Ca?+YJCaY+CaYMNMNCa2+┛ᢣ]ᑺ/pH=12.5ஹ᝞J⁐,YCa/JCaY+CaYMYYMN®¯°±Ca2+DH5ᵬbuffer_Pb?+JCa2+YXOMNPbYMNম:Fe"ஹAஹCa2\Mg?+ḄH

36Fe3+FeYFeYAl"DH2.0YJAI3+pH3,YA1Y+Y(ᒕ)ᵬPH5ZnlAlYCa2+ASSalCa2+ACa2+XOZnYMg2+(red)Mg2+(Colorless)Mg2+(yellow)(red)HFeHAl®¯°±:Fe3+A⏚ឋº⏣Ca2+pH10.NH,bufferY)CaYHCa2++Mg2+Ca2+(½Fe"ஹAP)Mg2+EBTMgY2¼(purplishred)(blue)¾¯°±:Fe3+A⏚ឋº⏣Ca2+pH12.5YJCaYCa2+(½Fe"ஹAl")Mg2+┛ᢣ]ᑺHCaMg(OH)HCa2Mg2+(purplishred)(blue)(6)Al3\Zn2\Mg?+ᔠ8Zi?+ḄHAZnYAIYZnYZn3+pH3,Y¿LA1YpH55;bufferZ—+JZnYNaFA1F3-+YZn246ZnYMg2+AMg2+XOMg2+AMg2+YHAl+ZnHAlAIF3-6pÀ2ZnpH3pH5.5,bufferEDTAJZnYMg2+FXOMgF,1()()(7)Bi"ஹAl"ஹPb2+ᔠ8ÂᑖḄHBi3+BiYBiYBiYBiYA13+YJAÁ+pH3,YA1YpH5-6.AbufferAIYNaFA1FJ+YZn24ZnY6pb?+PH1,XOpb2+APbYXOPbYAPbY(red)(yellow)Y(red)(yellow)(red)HBiHAl+PbHAl4.1ÃħÅÆᔠᱥᔜÈÉÊËᦪKÉÊi=7.8X10-3KÉÍ2=14X10-3KÎ3=3.3X10"K᪷4=7.4X10.5(1)ÐÑᔜÈÊËᦪKMÒᔜÈÓÔËᦪ££Õ(2)0§ÅÆᔠᱥ:78CU(NH)2+ḄÖ×CU(NH)2+Ḅ10ØÙ78ÚᓺÜ3433ÝÞßà(3)0§ÅÆᔠᱥ78c(NHW=L0X10-2moiLLc(Cu2+)=1.0X10-4mol•Lá(âᶍCd+,N%Ḅäåæ)ÐÑCi?+£ᔜȧÅÆᔠᱥḄÖ×஺çè78Cu(II)Ḅé⌕ëᙠíîÝïðàᫀপKÉ1K42KÉ3K/47.8X10-31.4X10-33.3X10-37.4X10-5

37K=——K=——K=——"4x23K4K3K211.4X1043.0X1037.1X1021.3X102B\=K\h=K\K?A=&K2K3B*=K\K2K3K.1.4X1044.2X1073.OX1O103.9X1012(2)CU(NH3)=òóÜ=10CU(NH)J+3[NH]=—=7.7xlO-2mol-L-|3'ú(3)c(N&)=1.0x1(p2mol.1/c(Cu)=LOxlO-4molL-1j2+]=&Qi)-x=_________________þOu)__________________°I+PH3]A+[NH]2/7+PHJ/3+[NH]32LOxlOY1+1.0X10-2X1.4X104+1.0xl0-4x4.2xl07+1.0xl0-6x3.OxlO10+1.0xl0-8x3.9xl0121"10=1.4x10"moi-L-'7.3xl04[cu(NH)2+]={Cu)•x,=ெNHgxl.OxlO-4=1.9xl0-7mol-L-137.3x10[cu(NH)2+]=C(CU)-X=./]xl.0xl0-4=5.8xl0-6molL_|32/.3X1U[cu(NH)J+]=C(CU)-X=344x1.0xIO"=4.1x10஺mol-L-133/.3X1v[cu(NH)^]=c(Cu)•x=xl.OxlO-4=5.3xl0-5molL-13489:;CU(NH)4+,CU(NH)f<=334.2>⏒@A(L)BFe3+CᔠᱥḄ᝶HIᔞ⁐ᑖM<11.4,22.1,26.7஺NᢣPᙠR☢TUpLVFe(III)Ḅ=⌕XᙠYZ஺pL=22.1pL=11.4pL=7.7pL=3.0

38[ᫀ]1^I1_3ᑖM<11.4,10.7,4.6`abcdFeFeLτFeL2FeL3-----pL1gᨴ1gᓻ1g"(11.4)(10.7)(4.6)pL22.111.47.73.0FeJ+[FeJ+]=[FeL]FeLFeL234.3klNHḄKb=l()463,NopKa(NHj),/^(NHj),/^(NHQH)tpH=9.0VḄ▭vP)3[ᫀ]K.(NH)=ߟ[w=10"00+4.63=10-9.37“"5(NHJKH(NH)=_=1()937''((NH)vK°H(NHQH)=—/-----r=1()463\4)“NHQH)pH=9.0V&HwH)=l+[H+]r(NH)=3.34.4(1)oppH5.5VEDTA89Ḅ1ga{|)}~(2)PpH1,2-10VEDTAḄIg-(H)}ᙠᙶ᪗vPlg^-pH஺Y(H)ᵫdPpH5.5VḄ1g஺{|)}Bop}஺[ᫀ]পEDTAḄ&~]10”10&24,1()2.75,"07,0.6,]00.91O1034,1016-58,IO1933,IO21-40,1O230,1023-9pH=5.5V]4%()=1+[ᵪ]4+]262+U]>3+]+[ᵪ]%+]%11=++10484+10&58++©W®*஺/4=105-7

39lg«=5.7Y(H)ফP3981n..5,PHI1ga{3)⊤pH1g”Y(H)024.0118.3213.8310.848.656.664.873.482.391.4100.5110.1dpH=5.5V;Ig67Y(H)=5.74.5op1gaCd(NH3)ஹIgacd(OH)¡lg"cd}(Cd2+-OH-CᔠᱥḄlg£iIlg&ᑖM¢4.3,7.7,10.3,12.0)»(1)£╍89:[NH3]=[NHj]=0.1~(2)¥ᐭ§¨NaOH©(1)9:ªpH<10.0஺[ᫀ]«Cd2+—NHCᔠᱥḄ1g£τI1g£6ᑖM<]32.60,4.65,6.04,6.92,6.6,4,9Cd2+-OHḄlg£iI᝶4]4.30,7.7,10.3,12.0(1)[NH]=[NH~]=0.1mol-L-1A[OH]=K=10-463molgLpH=9.373h^Cd(NH)=1+[NH/ῖ+[NH3Fম+…+[NHJ3_10-2.0+4.65+10-3.0+6.04+J^Q—4.0+6.92=10341§^Cd(NHj)3.434%d(oH)=®+[OH¯°+[OH-]^+[OH]A3-4.64.3=1+10+=10°2lga=3.4Cd(2)pH=10.00.2x10-937cK[NH]==0.16=10-08(molL-1)3[H+]+K,10-,OO+10-9J7

40ᡈ]=1+[H+]KH(NH)=1+10"஺+9"=1O«'[NHJ=c(NH3y=0%0஺□³/am(H)3U4—5(1)op«Igacd(NH,)=4.0lg«cd(0H)=05,Igacd=404.6opR☢´µ¶·RḄIgK'(NiY)}஺(1)pH=9.0,c(NH)=0.2mol-L1~3(2)pH=9.0,c(NH)=0.2mol•L1,[CNT]=0.01mol•f'o3[ᫀ](1)«lgK(NiY)=18.6~Ni—NH3CᔠᱥḄlg£iIIg8ᑖM<]2.75,4.95,6.64,7.79,8.50,8.49~pH=9.0V,lg«NH3(H)=»lgaNi(OH)=1g%|)=1.4[NH,]=C(NH3)/=0-V=10*2=0.06(molgL1)/WNH(H)/3«H,)=l+[NH]^+[NH]23+-+[NH]6ANi(N313>23_10-2.4+4.95+10-3.6+6.64+JQ—4.8+7.79+jQ—6.0+8.50=IO34lgr(NiY)=lg^(NiY)-lga-IgaMY(H)=18.6-3.4-1.4=13.8(2)[CN-]=0.01Ni-CMḄlg&=31.3a(CN)=l+[CN-]4^=l+10-20x4+3L3=10233Ni4=aNifNHj)+^NifCN)+aNifOH)—=10233IgK(NiY)=IgK(NiY)-Igaw-lg«()YH=18.6-23.3-1.4=-6.14.8¸¹ºᑴpH=5.0ஹpCa=3.8Ḅ89ᡠ◤EDTABCa?+ᱥ¾Ḅ¨¿,ᓽ“(EDTA)]஻(Ca)<§Ã[ᫀ]pCa=lg^(CaY)-lga+lg-ffl-Y(H)[UaYJ᝶Ä=3.8-10.7+6.6=-0.3

41[Y,]:[CaY]=l:2ᓽ]n(EDTA):n(Ca)=3:24.8ᙠpH<10.0ḄÇឋÉÊ89:;2X10-2mol-u'EDTAËÌUÍÎḄPb?+89஺ÏËÌÐÑV⏀Ó⏚Ḅᑖ᪆ÍÎ<0.2mol-L1,opᓄ×o¨ØVḄIgK'(PbY)ஹ[Pb']¡⏀Ó⏚ÙCᔠᱥḄÍÎ஺(⏀Ó⏚ÙCᔠᱥḄIgK<3.8)[ᫀ]⏀Ó⏚;H2L⊤ÚpKa,=2.9,pKaஹ=4.1lgK(PbY)=18.0,lgK(PbL)=3.8pH=10.0VIgayjjj)=஺5lgapb(oH)=2.7c(HL)=[L]=0.1molL-'sp2a=1+[L]K(PbL)=1+IO-10+3-8=1028Pb(L)aPb=aPb(L)+apb(OH)-1=I஺"'+1஺"-1=1஺”1gK'(PbY)=1gK(PbY)-Igapb—1ga=18.0-3.1-0.5=14.4Y(H)(pPbp=(lgK(PbY)+p,(Pb))=1(14.4+2.0)=8.2[PbL]+[Pb]spspÝ[Pb]sp.'.[PbL]=1028-|13-10-"3=10-85sp[PbLhᡈ:K(PbL)=[Pb][L]spsp.•,[PbL]=^(PbL)-[Pb][L]=10-85spspsp4.915mL0.020mol•L_1EDTAB10mL0.020mol•L_1Zi?+89ßᔠ,ÏpH<4.0,o

42pà2+]~Ϲáᑴâ2+]<10-7°mol•LLã89pHäáᑴᙠÂᜧÃ[ᫀ]lgK(ZnY)=16.5,lg/lH(ZnHY)=3.0pH=4.0Vç஺{ᵪ)=8.6,lgazn(oH)=°°a=l+[H+]KHènHY)=1+1()4஺+3஺=i0஺MZnY(H)lgK'(ZnY)=1gK(ZnY)-1ga)-lgP3+ᚈ□{ëZn(0H=16.5-0.0-8.6+0.04=7.9ßᔠì[Y>153020Tox0.020=1-,4oo2=0004015+10[ZnY1]=l°x~02஺=-2.io=lo00080nl-[ZnY1_103°_◤%rZLJK'(ZnY)[Y']lO7.9xio-2.4oÏáᑴ[Zn]=10?°ᑣK(ZnY)=ðñ==1073[Zn][Y,]lO-7.o-2.4olg&Y(H)=1gKènY)—lgK'(ZnY)=16.5-7.3=9.2ᵫᚈ஺{□)~pH«pHò3.84.10;2X10-2mol.L-1EDTAËÌUÍÎḄCd?+89ÏpH<5.5,opᓄ×o¨Øtóì0.1%ḄpCd}஺⌱ᵬö÷<ᢣÚᑺ¢ᔲᔠ〉Ã[ᫀ]«lgK(CdY)=16.5pH=5.5Vlg«(H)=5.7,lga)=0-lg/iCH(CdHY)=2.9YCd(OHû=1+[H+]ᑁ(CdHY)=1+10-5.5+2.9=1ýþ(1)]lg/C(CdYr)=lg/C(CdY)-lga=16.5-5.7=10.8Y(H)sp0.1%[Cd]=2x10^X°1%=1050sp^O.l%2x10^1%_,[Y>=100

43=[CdY]=Csp(Cd)=IO%஺=fCd1K(CdY')[Y']-K(CdY')[Y']-IO10-50—pCd5.0-7.8pH5.5ᵨXOᢣ"ᑺ(pCd)[=5.0,ᦑXO%ᵨ&'(2)lgGpK(CdY')=lg(l(FZ°+io.8)=88(±0.1%,)*+,-./ApCd=±1.4(pCd)=1(lgK(CdY')—Ige%(Cd))=6.4sp.•.pCd5.0-7.84.11ᙠpH=13ᵨEDTACa2+஺N᪷P⊤RᦪPTᡂVWpCaDECᓄ45670.1%ᓄ4567ᓄ456780.1%0.01mol•L”5.36.50.1mol•L-1121.ᓄ456780.1%ḄpM:;<=ᓄ4567ᨵ

444.13vwxRḄ⏚^uzᦪ&|10}3,&2=10-13.5,~╅Ḅᔠᱥzᦪ81)=107.6஺115lpH10.0(pMg)t:L(~ᢣ"ᑺ,ᙠpH10.02X10஺.-iDTABmolLEDEḄMg?*,7*+ᜧmᫀvwxRḄ4=10ᑁ=10*.5alKa2K,=10135,K=10732.=1,p=IO2082A(MgIn)=1076(1)pH=10.0%n(H)=1+[H++[H+]2A=1+10-10-0+13-5+10-200+20-8=103-5(pMg)=1gK(MgIn஺=1gK(Mgln)-1g=7.6-3.5=4.1t(2)lgK(MgY)=8.7,pH=10.0lga=0.5Y(H)lgK(MgY')=IgK(MgY)-1ga=8.7-0.5=8.2Y(H)(pMg)=1(lgK(MgY')+pc(Mg))=1(8.2+2.0)=5.1spApMg=4.1-5.l=-1.0,%(Mg)•K(MgY')=6.2.*+,/E=-0.8%x%ᵨ5l-1O10AM_-ApM1O-1O10P10E=-----------------j-x100%=------------j-x100%t(Csp(Mg)-K(MgY))2(Wap=—0.8%4.142XIO"|£|EDTADEᙳ2XIO_2molV1ḄC—'Ca?+¦ᔠ§RḄm0᝞©§pH5.0,PANᢣ"ᑺ5l7*+Lª5lᓄ4567«7CaYḄ¬⊝DEᔜe¯mᫀCu2++Y——►CuYH+/\Ca2+HYCaYlgK(CuY)=18.8,lgK(CaY)=10.7

45pH=5.0,Iga=6.6Y(H)(1)a=1+[Ca]K(CaY)=IO-20+10-7=1087»a=1066Y(Ca)Y(H1஺°=ay(Ca)=1°IgK(CuYf)=IgK(CuY)-lga=18.8-8.7=10.1y(pci!%=(1gK(CuY')+pc,஺(Cu))=1x(10.1+2.0)=6.05ᙠpH=5.0,(pCu),=8.8(PAN)µijApCu=(pCu),—(pCukp=8.8—6.05=2.75E=10APCU-10APCU,xlOO%10275-107xlOO%5%t==(CspK(CuY)>(10-2.0+10.1)2(2)[Y*]=[Y]+^[HiY]+[CaY]a(ca)»«Y(H)L[Y']«[CaY]Yᙠspi)[CaY]=[Yl=[Cul=10-605mol-L-1sppp[CuYLp[CaY%ii)[Y]sp[Cu'K(CuY)[Ca]-K(CaY)spIQ-20[CaY]sp,.•.[CaY]=10_605mol-L-1ᓽ10-6.05+18.8—|Q-2.0+10.7[CaY].„ia-20T=10-3mol•1/ᙠepi)[CaY]=[Y']ஹ.=——-————7T1repo/K(CuY')Ru]irx10.l-o.oApY=10-63+2.75=-3.3,-lii)[CaYXp=[Yip=[Y]sp1010molL[CuY%[CaY%È)[YLp=,[CaY%=10-33molLT[CuLpK(CuY)[Ca%K(CaY)4.15ᵨÊᑴ⏚EḄ&'ᑖÍDEᙳ2XI஺[mol•L-1ḄTh,+«La3\(EDTADEÒ2X10-2mo].L1,5l(1)Th,+Ḅᔠ〉⏚EÕL(IgR(ThY)ᨬᜧ,Th(0H)4×ØÙ)(2)ÚᵬÜÝᢣ"ᑺT1?+ḄᨬßpH:L(3)ÚᵬÜÝᢣ"ᑺᙠpH5.5àá7*+ᜧ

46mᫀTh+Y——HXXLa«Y(H)®Y(Ca)lgK(ThY)=23.2lgK(LaY)=15.4(1)âa=a(La)pHã▲Y(H)Y4(H)=%å=1+[La]K(LaY)=10-20+1S4=10B4.lgaY(H)~PH,/ᨬæ⏚EpH=2.1[0H-]=4pH=3.4[Th4+]〉çḄpHÕpH2.1i3.4(2)ᨬßpH:(pTh),=(pThhpèpH1g^(ThY1)=1g(ThY)-1ga=23.2-13.4=9.8{}Y(pTh)=1(lgK(ThY')+pCsp(Th))=1(9.8+2.0)=5.9spé(pTh)ep=5.9,ᵫ(pTh)tipHëì.í;dḄpH2.72()x10-2(3)pH=5.5lga=5.7,c(La)=^^=IO22Y(H)sp1gK(LaY')=1gK(LaY)-1ga=15.4-5.7=9.7Y(H)(pLa)=1(lgK(LaY')+pc(La))=1(9.7+2.2)=6.0spsp./pH5.5XOḄ(pLa=5.0(îP400)ApLa=5.0-6.0=-1.0Ig(c(La)-K(LaY஺)=-2.2+9.7=7.5sp.*+,E=-0.2%[

474.16ᵨ2X10-2mol•L_1ḄEDTADEᙳ2X10-2mol•L_1ḄPb2+>A|¦ᔠ§RḄPb2\ï⏒ñòóôAl3+,7õöᔠḄï⏒ñò÷DE0.1mol-L1,pH5.0,ÚᵬÜÝᢣ"ᑺ5l7*+øï⏒ñòḄpKa=8.8,ùᶍï⏒ñòPb2+ᔠû஺mᫀ“E”⊤"ï⏒ñòKHøHEû=1øû8.8AlEjḄlg£i—IgW8.1,15.7,21.2Pb+Y--------->PbYüHEA1E,A1E,A1E23a=1+[H+]^"(HE)=1O-5O+8-8=103-8E(H)UE(H)1VaAl(E)=I+[E]A+[E]2/?+[E]3A2=]+]0-4.8+8.1+]0-9.6+15.7+]0T4.4+21.2_JQ6.9[Alz]_IO-஺[Al]=10-89aAI(E)I஺"a=1+[A1X(A1Y)=1+1(T&9+16.1=]஺7.2Y(A1)pH5.0a=a+a—1=107,2+106,6=1073NY(AI)Y(H)1gK(PbY')=1gK(PbY)-Igaஹ,=18.0-7.3=10.7(pPb%=g(lgK(PbY')+p%(Pb))=1x(10.7+2.0)=6.4./(pPb=7.0(îp400),ApPb=0.61^ApPb_in-ApPbi$0.6_ெn-0.6E=------------------xlOO%=--------------xlOO%=0.02%trr(CspK(PbY)>(10-2.0+10.7)24.17ᙠpH=5.5ýᵨ0.020mol•L_1HEDTA(X)BDEZn2+,Ccf+þ§RḄZn2+,KIóôCd2+,XOᢣ"ᑺ஺`algK(ZnX)=14.5,lgK(CdX)=13.0,lgax(H)=4.6,(pZn)(XO)=5.7L`5l/lgatd(i)=5.1lgax(cd)=5.9,lgK(ZnX')=8.6,(pZn)=5.3,^=+0.1%,tspN᪷P-ᦪPTᡂ[⊤(ᓫKᙳmol•Lÿ)
_________________________________[X(][X]Z[HX][Cd2+]i=l~3ᓄᫀ:

48
lgK(ZnX)=14.5,lgK(CdX)=13.0lg«=4.6,(pZn)(XO)=5.7x(H)t᝶%=5lg«x(cd)=5-9lgK(ZnX')=8.6,(pZn%=5.3,ὡ=+0.1%sp
[X']=m=I[ZnX]sp=&Ox’=1053lL-1spspNK'(ZnX)VIO86m0]=2Si=io-5-3-5-9=iO"-2[Xs/a%(Cd)E[HX]=[X]-a=10-"-2+4-6=10-6'6ispspv(H)[Cd[p=5C9=102°-5/=]0-7.1aCd(I)ep.
ApX=—ApZn=—(5.7—5.3)=—0.4[X']ep=[X'lp10°4=l()T3+0.4=]049ᳮ
4%=10!"4=10-10.8,^[HiX]=10^6+°4=1Q-6-2ep•.ep#sp%d(D$%,[CdlepmCdLLlOGEtHiX][Xf][X][Cd]Sp10”w"2]0-6.610-71ep10-49IO-10-81()6210-7-14.19&'(FeO)A1OḄ+᪵0.2015g஺+᪵./0ᙠpH22345ᩰ⏚8ᢣ:ᑺ,2323=>?50࠷AB20.02008mol-L-1ḄEDTACD?E⁐Gᜫ,GὑEDTA15.20mLJᯠ0=ᐭMNEDTA᪗P.Q25.00mL,=>RSTpH4.5,2PAN8ᢣ:ᑺU>ᵨ0.02112mol•L"Ci?+᪗P.QXCᵨY8.16mL஺Z+᪵[FezCh#AI2O3Ḅ\ᑖᦪ_2`⊤:b஺ᫀ
cvFe2O3.᪵Fe"345ᩰ⏚FeYY_dbFeYPANcd+Y+ᒕ)AI2O3Al3+pH2AI3+AA1YpH4.5

491597c(Y)*(Y)M0.02008x15.20xM2w(FeO)=xlOO%=12.10%23O.2O15xlO3mx1O's(c(Y)-r(Y)-c(Cu)•P(Cu))MMA1O)=23mxIO3s(0.02008x25.00-0.02112x8.16)x102.0----------------------------------------xlOO%=8.34%0.2015x2xl034.19'(3+ஹPb2+>Cd?+Ḅ+Q25.00mL,2ᵬ8ᢣ:ᑺᙠpH=lᵨ0.02015molEDTACDᵨY20.28mLJTpH?5.5,ᵨEDTACDᵨY30.16mLJ=ᐭ,ᵨ0.02002mol-L4Pb?+᪗P.QCDᵨY10.15mL஺Z.Q[Bi3\Pb2+>Cd?+Ḅ஺ᫀ
Bi3+Pb2+BiYYIBiYPhenBiYXO,YIPb2,
APb2pH»"PbY»PbY1pHlVCd2+Cd2+CdYCd(Phen)+YpH1ᨵ3+CDpH5.5Pb2+,Cd?+ᙳCDJ=ᐭPhen,ᣚ#Cd?+᥅ḄY஺/aஹ0.02015x20.28.,.,nnTc(Bi)=---------------=0.01635molL25.00¢40.02002x10.15...nnncc(Cd)=---------------=0.00813molL25.00ELஹ0.02015x30.16-0.02002x10.15AAirioc(Pb)=--------------------------------=0.01618molL4.20'25.00mLpH81.0ḄBi3\Pb?++Q,ᵨ0.02000mol•LEDTACDBi?+ὑY15.00mLEDTA஺¥¦ᙠ§.Q[¨©CDPb2+,◤=ᐭ«¬®¯ᵬ4°±²³´pHTᑮ5.0?ᫀ
Bi3++HY2=BiY+2H+2CDBi3+0
H(H+)=0.1x25+0.02x15x2=3.1mmol8·pH=5.0,◤=ᐭd®¯ᵬ4°±(A)஺pH=p^+lg^=5.26+lg-^-=5.0a1஻(HA)ᐸ[஻(HA)=஻(H+)=3.1mmol

50/½w(A)=1.7mmolw(A)=(஻(A)+«(HA))x140.1x10~3=0.67g0.1x250.02x15x2ᡈ:c(H+)=--------1------------=0.0775molL4040PH=P(+*=5.26+lgÁ=5.0/½c=0.043molE1b/77(A)=(c+c)x0.040x140.1=0.67gabÃ5ÄÅ⚪ᫀ5.1LFe(CN)6ᙠÈ⏚.Q[³DᙢÊᓄË8b̧ᵨÍ84Pᱥ᪗DNa2s2O3.Q஺+Z2mol-f1HC1.Q[Fe(CN)6)/Fe(CN)64ᵯÒḄᩩÔᵯ"஺Õ"(Fe(CN)7Fe(CN);)=0.36V,H3Fe(CN)6ÖÈ⏚HFe(CN)M46Ka3=10-22,Ø4=1()42஺Z[ÙᶍÛÜÈÝÞ஺2ßZà஺áᫀ

hFe(CN)6ÖÈ⏚EFe(CN)6Ḅ<3=10-22,Ka4=l()42¢ä஺==10"=l+2xio42+4xio64=1070a,=1Fe(CN)t(H)æ/(Fe(CN)
-/Fe(CN)
-)+0.0591gᨌ=M(Fe(CN)
-/Fe(CN)
-)+0.059ᵯ⁐è!+0.0591gé⌕ëc(Fe(CN))6a(p0'=/(Fe(CN)
7Fe(CN)஺)+0.0591g□8íîaFe(CN)J(H)=0.36+0.0591g1070=0.77(V)5.2ðñòᘤ(ôõðö÷1moLLHC1.Q[)³ñòFe?+ù$³ñòTi(W),Z§ᩩÔßAg+/AgᵯÒḄᩩÔᵯ"û=2üý஺

51ᫀ:M=9°(Ag+/Ag)+0.0591g[Ag+]„OAgCl)=(Ag+/Ag)+0.059-=/(Ag+/Ag)+0.0591gKsp(AgCl)=0.80+0.059IglCT-஺=4(V)02ᙠImol•L-1HC1%^6(Fe3+/Fe2+)=0.703mol•L-'HCl%^e(Ti(IV)/Ti(III))=0.105.3./ᙠpH3.0ஹc(EDTA)=0.01moll"5Fe3+/Fe?+ᵯ8Ḅᩩ;ᵯ<஺=ᫀ?@A?lgK(Fei"Y)=25.1,lgK(Fe"Y)=14.3,pH3.05a=10,°Y(H)[Y]=C(Y)/%H)=10-20/1O'°-8=IO-'28=l+[YX(Fe"Y)=l+10-,2-8+,4-3=10154/(H)=1+[Y]K(F*Y)=1+10T2.8+25.1=iol2.3஺"(Fe3+/Fe2+)+0.0591gJj=(pQ(Fe37Fe2+)+0.059Ig+0.0591gLFe?aFe3+(Y)᝚೐)a^0=

52[ᔠh?c(Fe3+)=c(Ce3+)=o=0.050mol-L1m2+ஹ0.40—0.10.-iTc(Fe)=---------=0.15mol-Lqᐭk%.c(Ce")c(Fe")0.050x0.050mtu.”,c(Ce4+)c(Fe2+)-c(Ce4+)x0.15-wA?c(Ce4+)=1.5xlO-l5molL-15.5ᙠ1moLLmHCIVW%ᵨFe?+yzS—,./{ᑡyz}ᑖᦪ5Ḅᵯ<:9,50,91,99,99.9,100.0,100.1,101,110,200%,ᑴyz஺=ᫀ?2Fe3++Sn2+=2Fe2++Si?+Imol%°0'(Fe3+/Fe2+)=O.7OV,^e'(Sn4+/Sn2+)=0.14VspTᵯ<ᵨSn*/Sn2+ᵯ8.//(Sn4+/Sn2+)+S

53fnn4ccஹ¯(KHCQ4H2c,஺42HO)...2c-KMnOT(KMnO)=-'----^2-~2-4-----ஹ(1)44(5):KHC204H2c2஺42²0)0.2000x-³)=7(´µ4ᔛ2஺42H2O)ফ2A/RKHCOHCO2H0j242242(1)/(2),A?10c(KMnQ)_440.2000--3c(KMnO)=4?¡?஺=0.02667molL-145.7`ºz§᪵%ḄK*,Rᐸ¼½`KNaCo(NO)6,VwhᵨKMnCUyz(NOf-NCV,22Co-Co-),./K+¾MnC>4-ḄᱥḄÁÂᓽ“(K):஻(KMnC>4)஺32=ᫀ?2KNaCo(NO)——>4K++2Na++2Co2++NO¡+l1NO,2264K*ZÅÆ11NOÇÅÆ11xÈKMnO4/7(K+):/?(KMnO)=1:1.145.8ÉÊËÌÍ0.3216Îᑖ᪆ÐḄNa2c2O403685Î,ᐳÒÆÓÔ%,¯ᐭH2so4,¯Õ¡Öcd×ᐰhᵨ0.02400moÙL"KMnCUVWyzᒕÛḄNa2c2஺4ÜὑKMnCUVW11.26mL»./ËßÍ%MnChḄᑖᦪ஺=ᫀ?KMnO4MnO?+C2O?à+4fT—Mn2++2CO?+2H2O+C2O?ᒕ2m(NaCO)-5c(KMnO)-K(KMnO)Mf122444w(MnC)2)="(Na2c2C\)xl00%2x83685_002400xll.26xl0-386.945xx-----I134.02—ߟxl00%0.321656.08%5.9ÉÊäᨵåæḄ§᪵0.5000Î஺Vwh¯ᐭ0.1000moLLmKB஺VWᐸ%äᨵàKBr25.00mL,¯HC1⏚ᓄéÒ஺Öcd×ᐰh¯ᐭKI஺yz᪆êḄbÜὑì01003moLLmNa2s2O3VW29.91mL஺./§᪵%åæḄᑖᦪ஺=ᫀ?BrO¡+5Br+6H+=3Br+3HO22

54OHOHBR.Br+3B12=+3HBr2r+Br=I+2Br-22I+2SO3=2I+SO^224ᓄí.ᐵ?OHC^A3BrA3LA6S0^22
[6c(KBrO)K(KBrO)-c(NaSO)r(NaSO)]M|-åæ]33223223w(åæ)=-----------------------------------------@------x100%ms9411(6x0.1000x25.00-0.1003x29.91)xxlOO%0.5000xlO3=37.64%5.10ÉÊäᨵKIḄ§᪵0.5000ÎVÆñhᐜᵨCbñᓄI-`IOஹóô◀öàCb¡÷¯ᐭàKI§ᑺyzk5Üὑì0.02082moLlJNa2s2஺321.30mL஺./§᪵%KIḄᑖᦪ஺=ᫀ?r+3Cl+3HOfIO¡+6C1+6H+22IO¡+5I+6H+->3HO+3I22c(Na2s2O3).஽Na2s2O3)KIw(KI)=xlOO%m,x1030.02082x21.30x166.0xlOO%=2.454%0.5000xl03x65.11úᨵPbO-PbO2[ᔠᱥ஺ûÉʧ᪵1.234Î,¯ᐭ20.00mL0.2500moLL"L₝⏚VWRPbC>2ýþ`Pb2+¡ᯠᵨPb2+PbC24⏚ᓄᵨKMnC4ὑ0.0400molLkMnOd10.00M1;⏚ὑ0.0400molLKMnO430.00mL஺!᪵PbOPbC>2Ḅ$%ᑖᦪ஺(ᫀ*KMnO4PbO+H+fPb2+^^PbCOJ<+HCO24224PbO+HCOPb2+2224஻,«2°4)0.2500x20.00=5.00mmol

55,55஻(C2஺j)=—“(KMnOD=-x0.0400x10.00=l.OOmmol,5”(C?஺)=—x0.0400x30.00=3.00mmol12Pb4+->Pb2+ὑḄ“(C2஺*)3*5.00-3.00-1.00=l.OOmmol=«(PbO)22.00xA/PPb02xl00%=xl00%=194%w(PbO2)=I^s-OT.X1O34.00xA/f-1PbOxl00%=xl00%=362%w(PbO)i^S-wx1035.1289:MnO(BP2MnO+MnO)!᪵0.4052DᵨH2so4ᵫ஺2I═Mn2"342LᙠNOᑖH2O2PᐭᯖS⏚ᵨKM11O4Mi?+WMn(ni)஺ὑ0.02012mol-L-,KMnO24.50mL,!᪵Mi^CUḄ$%ᑖᦪ஺4(ᫀ*MnO+4Mn2++8H+M>5Mn3++4HO42(2MnO12+3+Mn,OA3Mn2A3Mn3+34\MnOjMnO-Mt?+4^KMnOJr(KMnO)-A/44w(Mn3O4)=xlOO%mxlO3"`s"…"%5.13cd!᪵┶fḄ:%஺89!᪵1.000g,12ᡂMi?+VC>2+,ᵨ0.0200moLLKMnC>4ὑ3.05mL;PᐭᯖS⏚lmᵨnoKMnO,pᡂḄMi?+2ᨵḄMt?*,tᵨuKMnO450mL஺!᪵vwḄ$%ᑖᦪ஺(ᫀ*5VO2++MnO+l1HO=5VO^+Mn2++22H24Mn2'+MnO+8H+=5Mn3++4HO42(Mn3++3HPO=Mn(HPO)+6H+)427227

56K(KMnC)4x3.05mL%(KMnOJ=5.10mLc|1KMnOV(KMnO)-A/(V)44w(V)=y--------)----------------------------x100%zxIO?0.0200x5x3.05x50.94x100%=1.55%l.OOOxlO3c-KMnOV(KMnO)-c(KMnO)-^(KMnO).A/(Mn)4444w(Mn)=-------------L--------------------------------------------------------J--------------xlOO%:TM^XIO3(0.0200x4x5.10-0.0200x3.05)x54.94xlOO%l.OOOxlO3=1.91%5.1489{|1.000g,ᵨNaz஺?ᰚ~NazMnCU஺NO◀uᓄᱥ⏚ᓄIMntV-ᓄ3MnOZMnC)2uMnCh0.1000moll/Fe?+᪗ὑ25.00mL„!᪵MnOḄ$%ᑖᦪ஺(ᫀ*3MnO-+4H+=2MnO+MnOJ+2HO4223MnOA3NaMnOA2KMnO2443c(Fe2+)K(Fe2+)x-A/(MnO)vv(MnO)=-------------------------ᔩ-----x100%l.OOOxlO30.1000x25.00x70.94x3xlOO%=5.320%1.000xl03xl03.153ᑖ᪆ấ⏚ஹஹ:%89!᪵0.6050go◀uSiChᵨஹஹ3ᓄᱥ஺3ᓄᱥ0.4120g;ᵨK2s2O7ᰚ~9100mL%925.00mL!12ᘤIFe?+fFe?+,Ti4+-Ti3+,12ᐭFe?+஺ὑ0.01388mol-L-1KCrO10.05mL*¡925.00mL227!ᵨSnCL12Fe3+ᵨno¢(*07ὑ8.02mL஺!᪵FeO.23A1O>TiC>2Ḅ$%ᑖᦪ஺23(ᫀ*(xFeOyAlOzTiO)0.4120g23232SnCb12cFe%Zn-Hg12ᘤcFeஹTi,%(A/(FeO)=159.7,A/(TiO)=79.88)232

576x0.01388x8.02xMx4w(FeO)=x100%=35.26%230.6050xlO36x0-88x(10.05-8.02W)x4*ª«=893%0.6050xlO30.4120-0.6050x35.26%-0.6050x8.93%W(A1O)=----------------------------------------------------x100%=23.91%235.169®⏣!25.00mL,Pᐭ0.02610molL"KMnC>4Ḅ°ឋ30.00mL(:HO-CHCH-OH+10MnO'+14OH=10MnO2'+2CO2'+10HO);´ᐰ⏚ᓄ¶U224432ᐭ0.0542ImolLNa2c2O410.00mL.IᡠᨵḄ¼½═ᙳ12WMn2+,0.02610mol-LKMnO4%Na2c2O4ὑ2.30mL஺!®⏣Ḅ¿À஺FᫀKMnO.+5c>Mn2+CO^^^->2CO22HOCHCHOH^^2CO222c(1KMnO)-V(KMnO)-c(-NaCO)-V(NaCO)442242242________________________c(HI⏣)=25.00x100.02610x5x(30.00+2.30)-0.05421x2x10.0025.00x10=0.01252mol-L15.1789:NalChNaICUḄÄᔠ!᪵1.0()0g250mL%ÆÇ9!50.00mL,ÈWÉ°ឋPᐭ%KLI10Ê1231஺3Ë(1஺3-ÌᓄÍ)ÎÏ¢Ḅ12ᵨ0.04000moÐLNa2s2O3WÑÒὑ10.00mL஺¡9!20.00mL,ᵨHC1È⁚W⏚ឋPᐭ%ḄKI;ÎÏ¢ḄÐᵨ0.04000mol-LNa2s2O3ὑ30.00mL஺Äᔠ!᪵w(NaIO3)w(Na!O)»4(ᫀ*ᙠÉ°ឋ*HOA1IA2s2஺-2…——0.04000x10.00•M(1NalOJx250,0ᵫ஺Ö®0.04000x10.00x214.0x250.0=21.40%1.000xl03x2x50.00ᙠ⏚ឋ:

58IIOA41,A8SQ-IIOA3IA6s2஺*2(0.04000x30.00-0.04000x10.00x§x20J)0)x250X1M(|NaIO)3250.0020.00w(Na0)=l.OOOxlO3Q(0.04000x30.00-0.04000x10.00x)x250.0x198.0----------------------------------------------------ঠ-----------------------=23.10%l.OOOxlO3x20.00x6×6ØÙ⚪6.1ÛᨵËKC1KBrḄÄᔠᱥ஺Ü890.3028g!᪵ᵨAgNCh᪗Æ,ᵨu0.1014mol•L"AgNO30.20mL஺!ÄᔠᱥKC1KBrḄ$%ᑖᦪ஺3(ᫀ*A/(KC1)=74.55M(KBr)=U9.0m(KCI)+m(KBr)=0.3028-m(KCI)m(KBr).+=Q1014x3020x103I74.55119.0w(KCl)=0.1034ÝÞKBr)=0.1994M(KC1)=0-1034x100%=34.15%0.302801994w(KBr)=-------xl00%=65.85%0.30286.289ßᓄᱥ!᪵02266g,Pᐭ30.00mL0.1ফmol•L“AgNCh஺%ḄAgNChὑ0.1158mol•LqNHSCN6.50mL஺!᪵ßḄ$%ᑖᦪ஺4(ᫀ*40.84%6.389Ë:áâ2.075g,Pᐭ〉%HNC>3,äå3ᢣçᑺὑ0.04634mol•L“ḄNHSCN25.50mL஺IâáḄ$%ᑖᦪ4(ᫀ:6.143%6.489ËéêKI஺ë0.5000g,ì123Ớᓄᱥᵨ0.1000mol•L-AgNO?ᵨu23.36mL஺îïêḄᓄð஺(ᫀ*KIO*.IAgNOñ.>AglJ

59/(K)=39.098(1)=126.94(0)=15.999ôKIOlxIO'0.5000X1Q3A/(KI0)x(AgNO)r(AgNO)0.1000x23.36C33=214.04214.04-39.098-126.9=30Q15.9996.589d:÷øù0.2000g,HNO3úᓄ3H3ASO4ÈWឋPAgNChüᐸ3Ag3AsC>4஺ìஹþÿ
HNO3
ᢣᑺ
ὑ0.1180mol-L-1NH4SCN᪗()33.85mL஺,-./0ḄAsOḄ5623ᑖᦪ஺9ᫀ;ASOA2HASOA2Ag3Ase)4A6AgSCN2334C(NHSCN)-K(NHSCN)A/1-ASOI4423w(As,O,)=----------------------------;-----᱐----x100%ẑxIO?0.1180x33.85x197.8x100%=65.84%0.2000xl03x66.6DE᪵GᨵKBKhஹKBrNOឋᱥ஺RSTE᪵1.000g,Wᑴᑮ100mLZ6[஺ᔾT25.0()mLᙠH2s஺4`5ᵨNa2s஺3cdBrOஹBr\f◀h6ḄSC^jklឋᵨmnopBfo,ὑ0.1010mol•L"AgNO10.51mL(,tᔾT25.00mLE3)ᵨH2s஺4⏚ᓄwx⌲fBr,klឋ
hᒕὑ{|AgNCh)23.25mL஺,-E᪵KBrCh}KBrḄ56ᑖᦪ஺9ᫀKBrC^+KBrSO
H
Br-ឋ
AgNO1ᡂḄBr-KBrO+5KBrH-O&3Br+Br-ឋ
AgNChh:ḄBr-32M(KBrO)=167.0A/(KBr)=119.03>KB஺).+'"(KBr)=°.]o]0x10.51x4x10-3167.0119.0m(KBr)_5/»(KBrO^)4x10-3=0.1010x3-25xI119.0167.0;w(KBrO)=0.0816᪷(KBr)=0.4473^^xl00%=8.16%w(KBrO)31.000

60ὃ⚪3,HCl+HAc)ᑖG6ḄpoHC1NaOHJNaClAgNO^Mohrmethod)JAgCIHAcPPNaAcKCr6(In)NaAc224p⏚6pHC166.p
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c¢ᨵ£¤
¥¦§(1)ᙠpH4ᡈ11
mnopcr஺(2)©ᵨªn«¬opCrᡈBr;w®¯°஺(3)o±²opC³
⌱µ¶ᢣᑺ஺(4)ᵨmnopNaClஹNa2sO4·ᔠ)ḄNaCl஺9ᫀ;(1)ᙠpH4ᡈ11
MohropCFpH4
CrO2-HCrO(WcCrO2),pC³¹4427pH11
Ag++0HfAg20i,pC³(2)©ᵨVolhardopCfᡈBr',w®¯°cr;AgCI—AgSCN,ºὑNH4SCN,¡;Bf;»¼ᙠ½¾¿ᓄ
ÀpÁ£¤஺(3)FajansopC³⌱µ¶InAgCIÀµ¶Ḅᔾ▬ÃᜧÀCrḄᔾ▬Ã
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¡஺(4)ᵨMohropNaClஹNaSO·ᔠ)ḄNaCl24S(AgCI)<5'(AgCrO)

61(4)CaCl:pH6.5-10.5,Mohro(K2C1O4ÐIn)2(5)NaCl+NaAsO;HNO3`5
ᦋÒḄVolhardopC³34(6)NaCl+Na2sO3;HNO3`5
ᦋÒḄVolhardopCrBaCbCaCkÔÕᵨFajanso
₯ᐝØᢣᑺ
pH=7-10Î₯ᐝØᢣᑺ
pH=4-10*WlhandopC³Ùw®¯°7Û⚪9ᫀ7.1,-ᑡÚ6Êᦪ;pᱥS6ᱥ(1)FeOFeO23(2)KC1(-K2Pte-Pt)Pt(3)AI2O3A1(CHON)963(4)PO(NH)PO•12MoO2543439ᫀ;2A/(FeO)2x71.85/lx(1)----------=-----———=0.8999M(FeO)159.69232A/(KC1)_2x74.55=0.7643/(Pt)-195.08M(A1O)101.9623=0.11102M(A1(CHON))2x459.44963(4)áâ஺)141.94=0.037822M((NH)PO12MOO)2x1876.343437.2STDÕឋã0.3232g,ᵨä⏚åÚ6opᐸGä6
BaSC>4½¾02982g,,-E᪵GSO3Ḅ56ᑖᦪ஺9ᫀ;wBaSQ)…)w(SO)=_______3ms0.2982x0.3430-------------x110AA00%/=31.65%0.32327.3ᵨÚ6opmnã(NH4)2SO³FeSC)46H2OḄéê
ëᜩíS6îï0.2mg,ÅðñFeOḄS6îï»ᜧ0.1%,ÙᨬóST᪵ôºóõ§239ᫀ;

620.2x1O-3x100%<0.1%ms2M(NH)SO-FeSO-6HO42442__________0.2x10-3X100%0_____"(Fe?஺஺1%,°2A/((NH45so4-FeSO-6HO)24202x10-3x100%=1(g)J600.1%x2x3927.4,-ᑡöᓄᔠᱥᙠ÷`5Ḅê(◀(1)⚪᜜ᙳ©ᵨ/=0.1Ḅúᦪ)஺(l)ZnSᙠéý(pX°sp(ZnS)=23.8,H2sḄp&i=7.1,pAr=12.9)a2(2)CaF2ᙠO.Olmol-L-1HC1#$%(&ᶍ()#*ᡠ,ὑḄ⏚)(3)AgBrᙠO.Olmol•L-1NH#$%3(4)BaSC)4ᙠpH7.0,EDTA89:O.Olmol•L'1Ḅ#$%(5)AgClᙠ0.lOmol•L”ḄHC1#$%஺?ᫀA(1)ZnSḄp(p°=23.8H2sḄpKa|=7.1pKa2=12.9lg£1=12.91g£2=20.0a.=l+10-70+l2-9+10-|40+20°=106-32s(H)KAP=KS%(H)=10-3=10*5S==V10-17-5=10-88=2X10_9molL-1(2)CaF=Ca2++2F-2Ksp=IO""/=0.1)Ka(HF)=l()-"(/=01)%H)=1+[H]K(3=1+10R஺+3[=10”Kp=K/(H)=10f2=10-76=2x10'molL'1(3)p/p=12.06,Ag-NH:lg^=3.4,lg^=7.432

63%g(NH3)=1+[NH]/7[NH]2^31+3=1+10-2.0+3.4+]0<0+7.4=3410KP=KSP%W=103+3.70T7S=^^=J10-&7=10-44=4x10-0]1L(4)pH7.0,lga=3.4c(Y)=0.01mol•L-1Y(H)oBa(Y)=l+[Y]K(BaY)=1+YK(BaY)^Y(H)10Z2.0=1+\X1()78=1O2.41034S=n^=J1048=10-3.4-4->=4X10MOLL(5)234᜜⇟প=i+ெciM+[ci]A+[cr]A+[cr]A=1+0.10x1029+0.102xlo47+0.103xlO50+0.104xl059=1029&p_,aAg(cr)1Q-9SX102-9S=[Ag']==2.4xIO"molL[cr][cr]0.107.5MgNH4PO4⛳`#$%[H+]=2.0X10a°mol•!/,[Mg2+]=5.6Xl()Tmol•!?,bcᐸ#9efg஺?ᫀAMgNH4PO4=Mg2++NH+P0A[Mg2+]=c(NH)=c(POA)=5=5.6X10-4=10-325H3Po4ApKai~pQA2.16,7.21,12.32NHjAp/C=9.25alg^i-lg^A12.32,19.53,21.693[H+]=2.0X10-1O=10-97°K"ஹcI஺//*55xKT4MIO.[P0"=[H+]+K“.10e7஺+10-12.32[H+]c10-970x56x10"=10-3.82[NHA]=[Hl+K,IO-"?஺+10-9.25

64K*=[Mg2+][NH][P0^]=5.6x1O-4xlO_382xlO-587-12.94-13=10=Llxl07.6lmZnoḄK3P஺4%P2O5Ḅpo`1.000gCa3qPCr4r2%ḄP2O5postuᑣwxoK3P%yKḄpostḄK2c஺3Ḅpo:z{|}?ᫀA3K2cO3=^KPO=1PO=1CaqPOr3425342MCa3(PC)4)2)x3>A/(K2cO3)W(KCO)=23Wa(PO))3421.000x138.21x3=1.337g310.27.7ᮞ᪵%CaOḄpoᑖᦪ30%஺ᵨonwqCaOruFe?+ᐳ()஺Fe3+ᐳ()Ḅo:#$%Fe3+yoḄ3%,:Ḅ0.1%,᪵%FezChḄpoᑖᦪz{}?ᫀAE_w(FeO)x3%23r--w(CaO)cஹ30%x0.1%w(FeO)=-----------=1%237.8nấ⏚%SiOzḄpoᑖᦪu¡0.4817g᪵u¢£0.2630g¤ḄSiChq¥⌕yᨵFeO,AI2O3r஺¤ḄSiChᵨHSO-HFᜐᳮuSiO2ªᓄ:SiF4◀u®¯°±2324²³:0.0013g,bc᪵%¤SiChḄpoᑖᦪ´°H2sCU-HFᜐᳮuᩖp⌼ᡂḄᨵzᜧ}?ᫀA0.2630-0.0013w(SiO)x100%=54.33%20.48170.0013E,x100%=0.5%0.2630-0.00137.9¡º»q¼½»¾rḄ¿᪵1.2030g,°À»³£ᔾ▬Ãᑖ0.0208g஺Ä°±²Å£ÆᨔÃ0.2424g,bcᑖ᪆᪵ᣚcᡂ»¾ᱥpḄCaSO-2HOpoᑖᦪ஺42?ᫀA

6502424X¼ËÌ21w(CaSO2H,0)___________2MHQ)No஺Í41.2030-0.0208……172.20.2424x------------------------2x18.02*]00%1.1822=98.0%7.10ÎᵨBaSCUon᪵%Ï(Ba),±²ÐÑᑖBaSCUÒÓ:BaS,ÔBaḄng:᪗ÖÆ×Ḅ99%,ØoÙBaSO%BaSḄpoᑖᦪ஺4?ᫀAM(Ba)A/(Ba)Af(Ba)(1-w(BaS)+w(BaS))x0.99A/(BaSO)M(BaS)A/(BaSO)44M(Ba)=137.3,M(BaSC>4Ú233.4,M(BaS)=169.4ÛᐭÝÞ*£Aw(BaS)=2.66%7.11()ᱥ%yᨵ3.9%NaCl,9.6%AgCLßàá1LâÃx()ᱥ300g#*uãâÃᨬå89:z{}(ᡂAg(NH3)2ᓱ)?ᫀAAgCl=Ag++crNH/\cr3300x3.9%300x9.6%[Cl]=------------1-=--0-.-4-0-m--o-l--L1M(NaCl)□(AgCl)300x9.6%r[AAg']=--------------=0.20mol'L-1M(AgCl)a(ci)=I+[CF]A+-+[cr]4A=io4-5Ag<(AgCl)/r(AgCl)apspAg[Ag']==0.20[C1-][C1-]_0.20x0.401c8.4o&Ag=-]0_9,5=10=aAg(NH,)+aAg(Cl)^AgfNH,)«A(N)=++[NH4W[NH]2A=io8-40gH)3]10840[NH]=^^=3.2mol-L-'3C(NH)=[NH,]+2[Ag']=3.6molL-13

66è8éê⚪?ᫀ1.lmKMnO4Ḅ£545=2.2ì1(Abcíîïð89:0.002%(m/v)KMnCU#$ᙠ3.0cmᔾᦈò%Ḅóôõ஺´#$ö÷Zø³óôõùz{}?ᫀAúúuúஹ0.002%xlO30.002%xl03c(KA4nOJ=---------------=----------------=1.3xl0-44A/(KMnO)158.034/=⊈=2.2x103x3.00x1.3x1()4=o.86T=10^xlO2=1O2-0-86=14%´ö÷Zøu4=0.43T=l()2-0.43=37%2.áüýþÿᐝ
╋,ᔠᱥNiDxzḄ
1.7X10-5mol•L-1,ᵨ2.0ctnᔾᦈᙠ470nmḄ30.0%஺ᔠᱥᙠḄ᥅ᔾᐝᦪ஺"ᫀ:/=(ᚈ7=(᝶0.300=0.523A_0.523=1.5x1O_*Lmol-1cm-1+-2.0x1.7x10-53.-./01ᐝ
Fe(II),234᪵0.500g,6ᜐᳮ9:;ᐭ=⁐ᑺ:ᨬ9A50.0mL,ᵨ1.0cmᔾᦈᙠ510nmᔾᐝ
/=0.430,4᪵BḄw(Fe)(-Dᑖᦪ⊤G)IJKLMN(O9PQRS(£510=1.1X1()4)"ᫀT0.430c(Fe)=/==3.9x10-5sb1.0x1.IxlO4(Fe)x50.0xl0-3xWe)Cyinno/w(Fe)X1vU/O0.500.9X10-X50.0X10-3X55.85^3X100%,022%0.500KLMN(O:,0.430U”A=-------=0.2152r=io-Jxloo%=61.0%

674.᪷XᑡᦪXZᑴ\]^ᩰ⏚ᐝ
Fe(III)Ḅabcd஺᪗fKLPᵫ0.432ghijNH4Fe(SC>4)2•120Kk^Aᑮ500.0mLmᑴᡂḄ஺3ᑡopq᪗fKLk50.0mLAqrB:;=⁐ᑺ9A:qᐸᔾᐝ
஺■(Fe(IH))(mL)1.002.003.004.005.006.00A0.0970.2000.3040.4080.5100.618t4Luhqv:ᔾ34L5.00mL,MNw250.0mL,x3yMNKL2.00mLzk50.0mLAqrB:{|}abcd~pᩩ=⁐9A:Ḅᔾᐝ
0.450,4LBFe(HI)uq(-g/L⊤G)஺"ᫀ:■(Fe),mL1.002.003.004.005.006.00c(Fe),mg/50mL0.1000.2000.3000.4000.5000.600A0.0970.2000.3040.4080.5100.618Zᑴ/~c(Fe)abcd(ᶍ):ᵫabcdJ=0.450H:c(Fe)=0.440mg/50mL᪷X᪵MN:FeḄuqT0.440x250.0=11.0gL12.00x5.005.ᨵop
Ḅt(ᨵ⁐ᔠᱥKL:JL
ᙳ1.0cmv;t(ḄᑖT(a)65.0%I(b)41.8%஺(1)KLḄᔾᐝ
:A.2(2)᝞KL(a)Ḅ
6.5*10ஹ01•L”,KL(b)Ḅ
஺(3)ᙠᨵ⁐ᔠᱥḄ᥅ᔾᐝᦪ᫃ᮣ
஺(ᱥḄ᥅q47.9g/mol)"ᫀ:(1)4=-lgq=-lg0.650=0.187A=-\gT=-lg0.418=0.37922(2)G————beஹbc20.379x6.5xlQ-_.A==L3xi03moiL140.187A0.187(3)£—__—____________2.9X102Lmol"cm"be1.0x6.5xl0-4S=—=47.9=017gcm”£2.9xl026.-PARᐝ
Nb,ᔠᱥᨬᜧᔾᦈ550nm,f=3.6X104I-PARᐝ


68Pb,ᔠᱥᨬᜧᔾᦈ520nm,:=4.0X1(/஺ὅḄ᫃ᮣ
஺"ᫀ:Nb-PARS=I=3.6xl0"2.6xl03(஻gcm-)Pb-PARS4=¢ᜓ=52xl0"gcm")£4.0x10...ᵨPARNbḄᮣ
PbḄᮣ
¥஺7.Jᐝ
qḄ¦ᦪ§¨©7=0.010v:op
ḄtᔾᐝKLḄᔾᐝ
T0.010ஹ0.100ஹ0.200,0.434ஹ0.800ஹ1.200஺ᑭᵨᔾᐝ
{
ᡂ«-+ᔾᐝ
{ᐝ᳛Ḅᐵ:ᵫ®ᘤ¦ᦪ§¨°±Ḅ
qḄ~§¨஺"ᫀT.Ac0.434ATE——=------------'cT\gT_-0.434A7(_TAA0.010.1000.2000.4340.8001.20T0.9770.7940.6310.3680.1580.0631EX100445.53.42.73.45.7r8.-ὶ³´=⁐ᑺ:ᐝ
Fe(H),ᙠ
0.2mol-Lµ,pH=5.0vḄ¶⏚·¸KLB¹º=⁐»¼஺½¾¿qὶ³ÀḄ
1XlO^moi•L\lgK“(bipy)=4.4,1gÁFeAc)=1.4,᝶Â=17.6஺4û¼Äᔲq¹ºS"ᫀ:&Fe(Ac)=1+[Ac-]K(FeAc)=1+K(FeAc)^Ac(H)1+ᡂ"஺஺&(z=1+[H+XH(HR)=1+10-50+4-4=1001R(H)µFeRJ_[FeRJ[Fe][RfḄ(È^Fe(Ac)[^R(H)J[FeRJ=-[RÉ=ÊËI஺-.஺*3=jo',[Fei-^(H)-«Fe(Ac)_100x3xl00-65-ᦑ»¼Î-¹º஺9.ᵨᔾᐝᐝ
uᨵÏᔠᱥx{yḄKLḄᔾᐝ
(b=1.0cm),ÐᑡᦪX:

69142KLc/moltL'(285nm)(365nm)X5.0X10-40.0530.43030.9500.050y1.0X10-x+yѾ0.6400.370ѾKLBXyḄ
஺"ᫀ:0.0530.430X£=-----------------------7=1.06X1()2,£1,365=8.6x102r,1x5.0x10-41.0x5.0x107ஹ0.9500.050N'J'285-1x1.0x10-3=9.5XIO?,4/==5.0x10l.Oxl.OxlO'3-2(285nm):[4=£,c+

70(2)(HIn)=1.00xl0-3molL-1/0.8406-l.Oxl.OOxlO-3=8.4X102(Lmol_1cm')î13ïð⚪"ᫀ13.1ᨵ(ò⏚óHLô,Ka=2.0XIO"øᙠ^~ᨵù~BḄᑖmᦪKD=31஺᝞ú50mL⏚Ḅ^KL5.0mLᨵùKᑺüᔠ⃓3:ᙠpH=1.0pH=5.0v:HLḄ⃓3᳛஺"ᫀTÿ
=2.0x10-5,=31,ᓃ=5mL,ᓃ=50mLpH1.0
[HL]஺_KD(KஹK3lIO10D31E=———xl00%=x100%=76%O+&31+5(ᓃ5pH5.0D=___B___=_____________=1031+K/[H+]1+2.0x10-5/10-5஺-a10.3E=x100%=51%10.3+50/513.2%ᵨ'()ᨵ+,-.஺/0ᢣHl,2100mL'3ᵨ1.0mL45⃓27Ḅ⃓2᳛:53%஺;<210mL'3ᵨ1.0mL45⃓27Ḅ⃓2᳛:=ᜧ?@ᫀ
ᓃ=100mLV=1.0mLE=53%oE=-xl00%ᓽ
53%=—^-xlOO%

71DE
Z>113113ExlOO%=92%113+10/1.013.3ỚᙠIᨵJKᑺM'NḄᑖPQR8.0஺᝞TUᨵJKᑺ100mLM)Ớ:0.0500mol•L-1Ḅ'KV50.0mLWX᤯Z[\⊝32^_\⊝ḄᨵJKᑺ10.0mL,<◤0.0600mol•LaNa2s2O3=bcᓣefỚg,hi?@ᫀ
Z)=8.0,-w=50mL,ᓃ=100mLD8.0E=xl00%=xlOO%=94%D+VJV8.0+50/1000ᨵJkN12lm:94%x0.0500x50C(k)==0.0235mol1002x0.0235x10.0V(NaSO)==7.8mL2230.060013.4oO.OlOmol/L8-pqrᴉḄCHCbKV⃓2+MFe3+o_8-pqtᴉḄ᝶v=2.6,lg/Cn(HL)=9.9,lg^H(HL>5.0w^⃓2xyNlg/Q(Fe)=4.11,lg/1(Al)=-5.22஺zR=l,{2|pH37,Fe3\A}Ḅ⃓2᳛w~ᢣFe3+ஹAeᔲEᑮᑖ?@ᫀ
1g஺=lg-1g£M-31g&HL(W)+3c(HL)஺+3pH<⊤3pH=3.073᝶3)=°3/□ᑘ=04J(HL)']c(HL)0J?HUW)W[HL]°/R-[HL]0ᵪ஺+[”.+7?”,+[HL]0[H+^H(HL)i,________1112τKD4KH(HL).[H+]KD103.0+5.0i1=]+--------------+----------+------------------------------------IO26102610"xl0^°xl02-6=1O0098=1.25Al3+:1g£>=-5.22-3x0.098+3x(-2.0)+3x3.0=-2.5D10-2SE==0.3%D+R10-2-5+1.0

72Fe3+:1g஺=4.11—0.4-3x0.098+3x(ߟ0.2)+3x3.0=6.41064E=«100%IO6-4+1.03eg,ᑖ_________-H(HL)[FT]ᡈO(HL)=%(HL)=1026xl0-2=1O06l+^n(HL)[H+]+KH(HL)[H+]22D9.[HL]=--(HL)=10-2'0C0Ig£>(Fe)=1g-Ig%e+3xlg[HL]+3pH0D°F(Fe)=100%~~D+113.5¥¦2KNC>3;᪵0.2786g,K¨'©ªᐸ¬®⏚°□±²ᣚ᪛ᾦ3¶Vᵨ0.1075mol•L“NaOH·g஺᝞ᵨᵬq¹ºᢣ»ᑺ3ᵨ¼NaOH23.85mL,{|KNO3Ḅ½m஺@ᫀ
93.0%13.6ᨵ¾¿ឋÁkÂḄᱥÁAMB,KD©ᵨÄ⁐ÆÇÈÉÊᑖ஺_¾ὅḄQÌÍᑖÎ:0.40M0.60,ÏоὅÑ᪆©ḄᦿÔkÕ3cm,<⁐ÆᵨÄḄmÖ:=b?@ᫀ
15cm(+2cm)