历年英语四级真题汇编精简版

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20106ᨴὃ⚪PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.CaughtintheWebAlewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms-leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem."Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart-kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(
ῃ)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotalone.ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb."There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,*'saidpsychiatrist()IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment/'hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2.500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonesscntialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime.""TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoudc,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtopom(⁐)orgambling"websites.ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,°saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch.”Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:•Havingasenseofwell-being()orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.•Longingfbrmoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.•Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

1•Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.•Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.•Inabilitytostoptheactivity.•Problemswithschoolorjob.Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene()andsleepdisturbances.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,“shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief...becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(⚜)inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight."There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."ToebealsoregulailyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage()andfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Tocbcsaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse.nIhaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ1#$!஺1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople.A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironmcntB)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequencesC)canrealizewhatisimportantinlifeD)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition4.AccordingtoProfessorMarcssaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif.A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationshipsB)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequentlyC)toomuchtimewasspentinchatroomsD)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel.A)discouragedB)pressuredC)dcprcsscdD)puzzled6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaining?A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto.A)improvehisonlinegamingskillsB)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming

2C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegamingD)exchangeonlinegamingexperience8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe.9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek.10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones-thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe_47—wastefultotearthemalldownand_48_themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe_49—carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest_50_,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand_51—ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings/'saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome_52_,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat_53_overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea_54—numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from_55_oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(ᓣ')cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp_56_propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ2#$!஺A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vastSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyouYetravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(()‷)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane-thearealeastsubjecttoimpact-fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(+,-‧).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitors

3fuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(◞1Ḅ)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000T.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnlip.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ2#$!஺57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(3ᳮ5ᶭ)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(iᔂ,9ஹ)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ2#$!஺62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.

463.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"...youYejustunderlininghisfaults'*(Line4,Para.3)?A)YouarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenoughB)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPcrunovic?A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ2#$!஺Theterme-commerccreferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptually,e-commercedoesnot_67_fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,"mailorder"catalogs,orsendingapurchaseordertosupplier_68—fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel_69—inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference_70_inthedetails.Toaconsumer,themostvisibleformofe-commcrceconsists_71—onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems,_72_anitem,arrangesaformofpayment,and_73_anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcatalog,e-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe_74—ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephone,e-commcrcearrangesfororderstobesent_75_acomputernetwork.Finally,insteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasacheck,e-commerce_76_onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade_77_1993,e-commercegrewfroman_78_novelty(;᜻=ᱥ)toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993,few_79—hadawebpage,and—80—ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears_81—,bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpages,andmost_82_userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder._83_,manybanksaddedonlineaccess,_84_onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame_85_.Moreimportantly,thevalueofgoodsandservices_86—overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.67.A)distractB)descendC)differD)derive77.A)afterB)behindC)untilD)toward68.A)withB)viaC)fromD)off78.A)optionalB)invalidC)occasionalD)insignificant69.A)appearedB)usedC)resortedD)served79.A)communitiesB)corpsC)corporationsD)compounds70.A)situatesB)liesC)rootsD)locates80.A)largelyB)slightlyC)solelyD)only7LA)onB)ofC)forD)to8LA)latelyB)laterC)lateD)latter72.A)reflectsB)detectsC)protectsD)selects82.A)offeredB)convincedC)equippedD)provided73.A)sendsinB)putsoutC)standsforD)carriesaway83.A)InsteadB)NeverthelessC)HoweverD)Besides74.A)visibleB)responsibleC)feasibleD)sensible84.A)andB)orC)butD)though75.A)besideB)overC)beyondD)up85.A)differentB)flexibleC)widespreadD)productive76.A)appealsB)admitsC)advocatesD)allows86.A)acquiredB)adaptedC)practicedD)proceeded

5PartVITranslation5minutes
Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ2#$!?◤ᑏBCᦻᑖ஺87.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,NancyhadgreatdifficultyEFGHᙠIJ#K.88.Themanagerneverlaughed;neitherE᝛MNᩭPᨵRSTUK.89.WelookforwardtoEV⍸BXYZ[K.90.ItissuggestedthattheairconditionerE⌕]^ᙠ_ᡝaK.91.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespiteE᝛᱄cḄdefgK.2200912ᨴᜧὃ⚪ᫀPartIIReadingComprehensionSkimmingandScanning
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Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaidGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatterhalothtomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarcre-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid"isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipientsEijὅKpouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon'tmeetneedeligibilityElmKhavebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits."They'retryingtobuystudents,“saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,“saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport'srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,“Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon'tneedfinancialaiddoesn'tfecirightanymorc.^^Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate'spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorusEnopqKofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethattherersthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,“saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,“saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemptionErsKfromfederalanti-trustlawsso

6membercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundihat'sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.^^Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon'tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.That'sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn'tplantodropmeritaidentirely.“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,“saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny'svicepresidentforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(ᣎu)meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,we'replayingthemeritgame,vacknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays."Thefactofthematteris,it,snotjustaboutthelowcst-incomcpeople.It,stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho'sbeingpricedoutofthemarket*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents*grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsarcmeantforstudentsthatcxcel(vB)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(wᑨ).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(⌱z)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare.A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpoliciesC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto.A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollmcntsC)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes.A)itdoesn'tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsrankingB)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievementsC)it'sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudentsD)itfsnotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto.A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutionsC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools,improvedfinancialsituations6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

77.Whydoesn'tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain.9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewhotheirexceptionalathleticperformance.10.ApplicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheirinaparticularartisticfieldPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild*slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance({|)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers51thechildren,sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemotherslevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersarc53whythefatherfsspeech,andnotthemother*s,hadaneffect."Il'swell54thatthemotherJslanguagedoeshaveanimpact,wsaidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren*sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn'tmeasureinthestudy.”ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ1#஺A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)describingG)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)totalM)unconsciousN)unsureO)yetPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey*11changeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I'mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountiy,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld'sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe'reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan*tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan*tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(⏅⏀Ḅ)mothers.Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon'tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.

8Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey,dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse——mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone-animpossibletask.ButfbrmanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(Ḽ)confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat'sbeenaroundforfartoolong.57.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?A)SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.B)ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.C)ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.D)ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.58.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyarevictimsofviolence.B)Theyareofaninferiorviolence.C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.59.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?A)WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.B)HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.C)HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.D)WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.60.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?A)Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest,B)Sheshouldn'tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.C)Howeverhardshetries,shecan'texpecttopleaseeverybody.D)ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen'sconcerns.61.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?A)Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.B)HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.C)OutshinepreviousFirstLadyD)Fullydisplayherfinequalities.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whennextyear'scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they'11bejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(ᦟ)ofYale,who'11becomeOxford*svice-chancellor-apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.Hamiltonisn,ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it'sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn'tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon'ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedfbranewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversityJsbudget."Wedidn,tdoanyglobalconsideration,wsaysPatriciaHayes,theboard'schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist஺)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale'sfinancialposition.^^Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn'ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanoffer

9afreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)Theiradministrativeexperience.64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause.A)shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoneyB)shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYaleC)sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseasD)shehadboostedYale'sacademicstatus66.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity?simage.B)Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.C)Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.D)Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic(o᪀Ḅ)change,itsays.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepensionage.“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofpolicyattentionandresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75:'saysthereport'sauthor.ProfessorStephenMcNair.Themajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereviewvto81tothelaterstageofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransition(S)82retirement,whichmaynowhappen83atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentityandfindingconstructive86fbrtheuthirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretiredlife.67.A)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)depends77.A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)Before68.A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)adequate78.A)neighborsB)moodsC)homesD)minds69.A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)heavily79.A)ageB)everC)previouslyD)fonnerly70.A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)guidelines80.A)ForexampleB)BycontrastC)InparticularD)Onaverage71.A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)inability81.A)transformB)yieldC)adjustD)suit72.A)overB)afterC)acrossD)beside82.A)withinB)fromC)beyondD)to73.A)IndcntifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)Practicing83.A)unfairlyB)unprcdictablyC)instantlyD)indirectly74.A)atB)byC)inD)on84.A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)feasible75.A)desiresB)realmsC)needsD)intentions85.A)senseB)conscienceC)projectD)definition76.A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)portion86.A)ranksB)assetsC)idealsD)roles

10PartVITranslation5minutes
Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.YouwouldnothavefailedifyouEᢥ᯿ᡃḄᢣK.88.Despitethehardshipheencountered,MarkneverEgḄK.89.ScientistsagreethatitwillbealongtimeEᡃᑮ5ៜḄK.90.ProductionhastobeincreasedconsiderablytoE¡¢ὅ£¤¥Ḅ◤¦ᢝp¨K.91.Themoreexerciseyoutake,E©ª£ᜧ¬®¯ᑈK.32009±6ᨴ³|´'ὃ¶⚪!ᫀPartIIReadingComprehensionSkimmingandScanning
15minutes
HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,“soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn'tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectpersonJTiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn'tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate's"different“behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-AmericanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyavertingE¸YKyoureyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,,,Tiffanysays."Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiasesE¹᰿Kfromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsessionJwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce."Throughoneofthesessions,1discoveredmypersonalbiasherecalls.4tIlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences."Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel."Dale'sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsan

11organization'sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecisionDalecreditstheworkshop»becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairnessYearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-allDougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore'inclusive'todifferences.”AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.''MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn'tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets,trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreasedOncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareHawed(ᨵ¼◍Ḅ)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofuscreatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?A)Hejustwouldn'tlookherintheeye.BHewasslowinansweringherquestions.CHisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.DHisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.2.Tiffany'smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.A)Racialstereotypes.B)InvalidpersonalbiasC)Racialstereolypes.D)Emphasisonphysicalappearance3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?A)Arealestateagency.B)ApersonneltrainingcompanyC)AculturalexchangeorganizationD)Ahi-techcompany

125.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthatA)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforceweil.D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC'sworkshop?A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.B)Ittappedintotheexecutives'fullpotential.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.D)Itmetparticipants'diverseneeds.7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee'srequestforleave?A)Hetoldhimtogettheelatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownB)Hedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.8.Dougfeltwhenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.9.AfterattendingMindsets'workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceoftotheirbusiness.10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthebetweenus.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion()andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan'twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56__tofluency,eloquence(¾¿)andcommandoflanguage.A)closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)perfonnanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinder0)urgeH)mission

13PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine."Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen'tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou'redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,“hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(rfis)lkM)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuyira(
Ḅ)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.^Mainstreamisabouttooccur/'saysHahn.Some(ᑖ᪆Á)arclesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%arcevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:k4NotthatI'mawareof."Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she'sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn'ttooexpensive/'Byherownadmission,greenjustisn'tyetonhermind.But-thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers-onedayitwillbe.57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.60.WhatisNatalieHormilla^attitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn'tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(Â)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.

14Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople'shair.“You'rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat'srecordedinyouhair,“saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisoSpes(pÃÄ).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling'steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting2(X)hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems."It'snotgoodforpinpointing(ÅÆÃ),“Cedingsaid."It'sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming."It'sstillasubstantialarea,“Parksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”62.Whatisthescientists'newdiscovery?A)One'shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"You'rewhatyoueatanddrinkM(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone'spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone'sbodytissues.D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone'sexistence.64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica'sWest?A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.65.WhatdidCerling'steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.D)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling'sresearch?A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.PartVCloze(15minutes)

15KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan'scar-makers.He'sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota'sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains."It'snotinconvenientatallhesays69,“havingacarisso20lhcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71__amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices._72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopulareverythinginbetweenis73_.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon'tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.Alarmedbythisstateof79.theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,(o᪀Ḅ)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogetherJAMA85_afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(ᔠÉ)intheautomotivesectoris86.67.A)profitB)paymentC)incomeD)budget68.A)mostlyB)partiallyC)occasionallyD)rarely69.A)ThereforeC)Otherwise78.A)overC)onB)BesidesD)ConsequentlyB)againstD)behind70.A)driftC)current79.A)messC)growthB)tideD)trendB)boomD)decay71.A)remarkablyC)specially80.A)proceededC)launchedB)essentiallyD)particularlyB)relievedD)revised72.A)WhileC)When81.A)quickeningC)strengtheningB)BecauseD)SinceB)wideningD)lengthening73.A)surgingC)slipping82.A)averageC)abundantB)stretchingD)shakingB)massiveD)general74.A)unlessC)as83.A)labelsC)vehiclesB)ifD)afterB)cyclesD)devices75.A)lowerC)broader84.A)orC)butB)slighterD)largerB)untilD)then76.A)liabletoC)thanksto85.A)concludesC)reckonsB)intermsofD)inviewofB)predictsD)prescribes77.A)uniqueC)mysterious86.A)distantC)temporaryB)similarD)strangeB)likelyD)immediatePartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad(ÊËÌ#Í9ḄpÎ)inmathandEnglish.88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(Ï£ÐVᜧÑÒÓÔ).89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare(Õᨵ¬¥Ö×Ø).90.(ÊÙᡠPᨵᑮḄ)isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballinparticular.91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis(¼ÛÜÝÞᑗàᐵ)

16(4)200812ᨴᜧὃ⚪PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)That'senough,kidsItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground."I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved,“shesays."Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,5No,wedon'tpush,^^Whalhappenednextwasunexpected.“Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,“Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?”Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'shouseit'sencouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeingkids:"Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?”Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.Thal'sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.“Kidsaren'tallraisedthesame,“agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.^^ButthereisstillanideathattheyTrethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthal'ssomehowacriticismofme.”Inthosecircumstances,it'sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.'Tdgotothechildfirst,“saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat'wedon'tdothathere,isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae(âã)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,“shesays.Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:"Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:'Iknowyou'HthinkFmsillybutinmyhouseIdon'twant…Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:"commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon'tgowell,thenhaveachat.”There5reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”ForAndrewFuller,thechild-ccntricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:^^Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'sparentsweregrowingup,“hesays,44Adultsarescaredofsaying:'don'tswear',oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(äå)andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.MeredithFulleragrees:k4Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”"It'saboutwhatI'mdoingandwhatIneed,“AndrewFullersays,“thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,'youprobablydeservedit'.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”Thisjumpingtoourchildren'sdefenseispartofwhatfuelstheawalkingoneggshellsvfeelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithother

17people'schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(æç)withthechild,you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.It'sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries/*Whitesays."1suspectthatit'sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool-better-educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centered,it'awayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(ᖪé).We'recenteredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.^^Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi,intervention(pf®)onherson'behalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy,mother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe'dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.^Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”AndrewFullerdoesn'tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople'skids,“lookatkidsthataren'tyourownasapotentialminefield,Mhesays.Herecommendsthatwedon'tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy'smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?A)makeanapologyB)comeovertointerveneC)disciplineherownboyD)takeherownboyaway2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren?A)it'simportantnottohurttheminanywayB)it'snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoingC)it'sadvisabletotreatthemasone'sownkidsD)it'spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone'skidsarccriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel__________________________A)discouragedB)hurtC)puzzledD)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople'skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?A)talktothemdirectlyinamildwayB)complaintotheirparentspolitelyC)simplyleavethemaloncD)punishthemlightly5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublicC)peoplearereluctanttopointourkids,wrongdoingsD)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,A)it'seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatientB)iCsdifficulttocreateacodeofconductC)it'simportanttobefriendlytoeverybodyD)it'shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroublealschool?A)they'dquestiontheteachersB)they'dchargeuptotheschoolC)they'dtellthekidstoclamdownD)They'dputtheblameontheirkids8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today'sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnotPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestion47-56Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47fbrfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto____49fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha_50ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51___otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile____52____theirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthe53_intheirstoriesaregoingthrough

18similaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide___54____materialforreaders,imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books_55____theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure___56__.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders5bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.A.AbundantF.DesireK.NaturallyB.CharactersG.DiversityL.PersonnelC.CommunicatingH.EscapeM.ProperlyD.CompletelyI.EstablishingN.RespectE.DeriveJ.Narrow0.WidenSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]andID).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon'tgotothedoctor.“Menaren,tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,“saysDr.Gullotta,wtThisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker'scoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer'*hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup."Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible(£¬ᡊëḄ)“Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,"somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,“saysDr.RossCartmill.“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,"Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays."Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersalthebeginningofthepassage?A.TheyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestodayB.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB.mendon'tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.menaren'tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdangerD.menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence"Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim../(line2,para,8)?A.itcouldhappentome,tooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortune60whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“iheostrichapproach'Xlineqpara.9)

19A.acasualattitudetowardsone'shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone'sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.TheymayincreasepublicexpensesB.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD.TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.High-qualitycustomerserviceispreachedEìíKbymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandoneShoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangers-andanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetfrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtoastudyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandWhartonschoolStorytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers/'saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup."thestorelosesthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacemenl.”Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourother,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstoreforeverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect“canbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperswhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblems,rankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,clutteredEîïÔḄKshelves,overloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlightingEðñòóḄKlocalpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.uRetailerswho'reresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren'tsofriendly."saidProfessorStephenHoch."Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.”Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarchard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.ᑖ⚪ᙠ!⚪ᓱ2#$!62.Whyarcstoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?AMostcustomerswon'tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.BCustomerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.CFewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved.DCustomershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers.63.WhatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying”…theshoppermustalsofindarcplacemenf,Line2,Para.4
?ANewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones.BItisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsinotherstores.CMoststoresprovidethesameDNotcomplainingtothemanagercausestheshoppersometroubletoo.64.ShopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshoppersAcanstaylongerbrowsinginthestoreBwon'thavetroubleparkingtheircarsCwon'thaveanyworriesaboutsecurityDcanfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?AMannersofthesalespeopleBHiringofefficientemployeesCHugesupplyofgoodsforsaleDDesignofthestorelayout.

2066.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto.AexertpressureonstorestoimprovetheirserviceBsettletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayCvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyDshoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVCloze(15minutes)PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagersthatthemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue_67_childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy_69—toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70_likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften_71_theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation_72_,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames_73_theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand_74—sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports_75—appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped_76_someeducatorsanddevelopmentalexperts_77_thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere_78_influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingandeverydayexperiences.This_79—manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin_80_ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial_81—influencedaperson'soveralldevelopmentwasvery_82_topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates_83_thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout_84_theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento_85_responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata_86_capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworker.67.A.amongB.withinC.onD.towards77.A.realizedB.recalledC.expectedD.exhibited68.A.spreadB.speedC.spurD.sponsor78.A.specificallyB.excessivelyC.stronglyD.exactly69.A.accessB.entranceC.chanceD.route79.A.movedB.conductedC.putD.led70A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much80.A.preciseB.preciousC.particularD.peculiar71.A.shrinkB.tightenC.limitD.lack81.A.engagementB.environmentC.stateD.status72.A.billBaccountsC.feesD.fare82.A.encouragingB.disappointingC.upsettingD.surprising73.A.soB.asC.andD.but83.A.forB.withC.overD.at74.A.maintainB.sustainC.containD.entertain84.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.however75.A.lastB.firstC.laterD.finally85.A.multiplyB.manufactureC.produceD.provide76.A.beforeB.whileC.untilD.when86.A.growingB.breedingC.raisingD.flyingPartVITranslation(5irinutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems(ôõö÷Pᨵ!ᫀ)88.(ᜧÙᦪ᱄cᡠᐵ3Ḅ)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.Youdbettertakeasweaterwithyou(ù■ᜩUüý)90.Throughttheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand(þÆÿ
)91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown(ᑮᏔᯠ)(5)20086ᨴ⚪PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)MediaSelectionforAdvertisementsAfterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusonattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home,Internet,anddirectmail.TelevisionTelevisioninanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.

21Television'sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience,theGolfChannel,forinstance,iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmore(ᐹᨵᱯḄ)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishadalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.NewspapersAftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualasrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually.Ithasincreaseditsnationalcirculation()by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryin168cities.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger,moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthroughtelevision.Givennewproductiontechniques,advertisementscanbeprintedinabout48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemessageout.Newspapersareoftenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreaders.RadioAdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrow.Radioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(!"#)andtheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepeattheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarcalsoturningtoradioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio-willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthelocalstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.MagazinesNewsweeklies,women'stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket.Magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous.IfyoureadSportsIllustrated,forexample,youhavesuchincommonwiththemagazine'sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.Advertisersusingtheprintmedia—magazinesandnewspapers—willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theInternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers.Theseaudienceswillbemorediverseandgeographicallydispersed(ᑖᦣ)thaninthepast.Second,advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.Out-of-homeadvertisingOut-of-homeadvertising,alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective.Technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.Usingthedigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausetheycanchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.InternetAsconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarket.AsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations'advertisinginthenearfuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheinlinemediumaswell.DirectmailAfinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient'smessage.Directmailincludesnewsletters,postcards,andspecialpromotion.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses,directmailisthemosteffectiveformofadvertising.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat.A)ithaslargeaudiencesC)ithelpsbuildupacompany'sreputationB)itappealstohousewivesD)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels,.A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreasedB)thenumberofTVviewershasincreasedC)advertisers'interestinothermediahasdecreasedD)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.Comparewithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium.A)earnalargerannualadrevenueC)usemoreproductiontechniquesB)conveymoredetailedmessagesD)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively4.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause.A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetupC)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumersB)mcxlerntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingD)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio5.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto.A)reachtargetaudiencesB)appealtoeducatedpeople

22C)attractdiverseaudiencesD)conveyallkindsofmessages6.Out-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause.A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohoursC)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractiveB)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbeforeD)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays7.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare.A)quicktoupdateB)pleasanttolookatC)easytorememberD)convenienttoaccess8.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe.9.Directmailisaneffectiveformofadvertisingforbusinesstodevelop.10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselectforadvertisements.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionASomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly_47_toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas_48_toalittlecollegeFrench.1hesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,_49_unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup_50_anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable_51_Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtcanthroughmymind:youcanlearnifyoudon'ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad_52_.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces,withoutguidersoreven_53_bookings,confidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition_54_.Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.Fvelearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverina_55_.AndIknowI'llgoondoingsuchthings.It

23otbecauseI'mbraverormoredaringthanothers.Tinnot.ButI'llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan_56_wonders.A)accomplishE)constantlyI)manufactureM)regretB)advancedF)declareJ)momentsN)scaryC)balloonG)interviewsK)newsO)totalD)claimH)limitedL)reducedSectionBPassageOneGlobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan''inconvenienttruth,^^asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan'ldomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.butthat'stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're"doingsomelhing."ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(&'()*).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn'treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(,-.)didn'tadoptloughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit'sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisAlGore'sviewonglobalwarming?A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognizcd.D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof.A)economicgrowthC)wastefuluseofenergyB)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,.A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseC)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingD)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalonc.B)TheultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnologyC)Thedebateoverglobalwanningwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.PassageTwoSomedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou'vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.

24Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarchealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(/0)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouarc,whereyouarcandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Docsthatmatter?WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(ᦈ23)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(145ᑶ).Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It*slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying”the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”(Lines3-4,Para.2)?A)People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.B)Inthe21"centurypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers,secrets.C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)Criminalsarceasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.64.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret^^(Line5,Para.3)?A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.C)Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat.A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepitC)itissomethingthatcaneasilybelostB)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodD)peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseiPartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed_67_extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions_68_fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein_69_andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot_70_thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe_71_researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions._72_mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis_73_tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin_74_withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto_75_theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen_76_.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe_77_one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen_78_judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they_79_studentstomeetotherswithdiffering_80_andtoreadwidelyto_81_theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy._82_asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown_83_.Heshouldbepreparedto_84_sacrificestostudyhischosen_85_indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome86contributiontoman'sknowledge.67.A)atB)byC)toD)in68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare7LA)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only78.A)withB)underC)onD)through79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities8LA)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify82.A)AmidB)AfterC)OverD)Upon83.A)objectB)courseC)effectD)sake84.A)takeB)makeC)sufferD)pay

2585.A)fieldB)scopeC)targetD)goal86.A)radicalB)truthfulC)meaningfulD)initialPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch(78ᵨ:;ᢈ=Ḅ>)஺88.Ican'tbootmycomputernow.something___________()ABCDE)withitsoperationsystem.89.Leavingone'sjob,(FGHBCIJ)Kisadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90._(LᡃᡂOḄᙢQRS),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91.(ᑮUVᡂWX)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.

266200712ᨴὃZ⚪UniveraitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomeMoreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborativeᔠJḄ\researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships]^_\abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai'sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu'sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetK^/?஺$"஻<7"ghiAjkl11]1applicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworldgovernmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,

27whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.MostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationalEconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation'swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostmed]no\valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.pqrstᑖZ⚪uᙠw⚪ᓱ1yJw஺1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecomeA.moreandmoreresearch-oricntcdB.in-servicetrainingorganizationsC.morepopularizedthaneverbeforeD.apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedA.by2.5millionB.by800,000C.atanannualrateof3.9percentD.atanannualrateof8percent3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A.10%B.20%C.30%D.38%4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A.TheyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomyB.TheyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpoliticsC.TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogramD.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities,globalizationisA.Yale'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchB.Yale'shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC.Yale'sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD.Yale'sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6.WhatdowclearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A.IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvardB.ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany

28C.ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversityD.ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A.Ithasincreasedby3percentB.IthasbeenunsteadyforyearsC.IthasbeenmorethansufficientD.Itdoubledbetween1998and20038.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand___PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,Childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren'sMovementforpeacemakerswasevennominated(z)ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49ispeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsanpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren'srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers5Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.pqrstᑖZ⚪uᙠw⚪ᓱ2yJw஺A)actingI)informationB)assumingJ)offersC)comprehensiveK)projectsD)cooperativeL)respectivelyE)entireM)roleF)especiallyN)technologyG)forwardO)victimsH)imagesSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonfollowingpassage.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it'scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven't.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi({|ᜧ~)Kreadingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedor

29eliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there'stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(ṑ⊟).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesfbrallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearyformtheschoolsperspective,there,salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(ᓣ)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon'tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots,Andthere'sevindencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,won'tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.pqrstᑖZ⚪uᙠw⚪ᓱ2yJw஺57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)ItboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampusD)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedbyA)AconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)Thegreatdiversityofstudents'academicbackgroundsC)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycanA)EarntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)SaveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesC)SelectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)Workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeofA)buildinguptheirreputationB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsQucstions62to66arcbasedonthefollowingpassage.InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRcbcccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn'twinthecontestagain?That'sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation()camelastweekwhenIaskedher,"Don'tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,"shereplied,justwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”

301hadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(ᵫᙢ)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirsttradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(ᵨ)mydaughter'sexperence.Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.pqrstᑖZ⚪uᙠw⚪ᓱ2yJw஺62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivites.B)Rcbcccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren'stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.64.WhydidRcbcccawanttoenterthisyear'swritingcontest?A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother'shelp.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.Whal'stheauthor'sadviceforparents?A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheiropinions.PartVCloze(15minutes)pqrstᑖZ⚪uᙠw⚪ᓱ2yJw஺Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined67a67.A)asB)aboutC)byD)withtemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingB)about68.A)overC)toB)underD)upthatisgeneralizedandnottied68anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69from69.A)derivedCdividedBdescendedDdistinguishedemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70to70.A)relatedC)attachedspecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.B)referredD)associated

3171onesense,theeffectofaconsumer'smood71.A)OnC)InB)OfD)Bycanbethoughtofin72thesamewayascan72.A)thusC)evenB)muchD)stillourreactionstothe73ofourfriends—whenour73.A)signalC)viewfriendsarehappyand"up”,thattendstoinfluenceB)gestureD)behavioruspositively,74whentheyare“down"Kthatcan74.A)forC)unlessB)butD)providedhavea75impactonus.Similarly,consumers75.A)relativeC)negativeB)decisiveD)sensitiveoperatingundera76moodstatetendtoreactto76.A)givenC)fixedB)grantedD)drivenstimulate()inadirection77withthat77.A)resistantC)insistentmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpectB)persistentD)consistenttosec78inapositivemoodstateevaluate78.A)consumerC)retailersB)businessmenD)manufacturersproductsinmoreofa79mannerthanthey79.A)casualC)seriousB)criticalD)favorablewouldwhennotinsuchastate,80moodstates80.A)HoweverC)MoreoverB)OtherwiseD)Neverthelessappearcapableof81aconsumer'smeomory.81.A)liftingC)raisingB)enhancingD)cultivatingMoodsappeartobe81influencedbymar-82.A)readilyC)cautiouslyketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,B)rarelyD)currentlyand81ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluence83.A)stepC)bandB)speedD)volumeBehaviorsuchasthe81oftimespentin84.A)extentC)scopeB)amountD)rangeSupermarketsor81topurchaseproducts.In85.A)facilitiesC)reflectionsAddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers'B)capacitiesD)intensions

32moodswhich,in81,arecapableofinfluencing86.A)turnC)detailconsumers'reactionstoproducts.B)totalD)depthPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CmpletethesentenceshytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.pqrstᑖZ⚪uᙠw⚪ᓱ2yJwK◤ᑏAᦻtᑖ஺87.(ᑡḄ;)KdoctorscantreatthisdiseaseSuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat(ᡃS᧕).89.1amgoingtopurchasethiscourse,(ᡃ⌕JABC᪵Ḅᱨ).90.1wouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause(¡Q¢£ḕ¥).91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife(HᵨU¦7§ᑮ¨ᩭ⊝Ḅ)Knothowmuchtheycanearn.(8)200612ᨴ23ὃ⚪(ᨬ᦮ᳮ᱐)PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere'sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andilhasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.justcan'tgetstartcd.^^Peoplesay.Butit'snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou*reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It'semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosaylifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wchavefamilyobligations.Wcencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.EvenasachildIobservedpeoplewhowerepoorordisabledorill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbodywrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbetowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan'tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.You

33musttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat'snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It'slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon'titatfirst,buteventuallyyou'llgetaflat.It'suptoyoutoplugtheleak—eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That'swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline-agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here'sachallenge:Ifit'ssomethingyouwouldn'tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou'venevereaten.Listentomusicyou'dordinarilytuneout.You'lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife'smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstate.Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking."ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething."shesays."BuiIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife."Ivy'ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus.buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients."Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithyalittletenderlovingcare/'shesays."It'sachallenge-andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun.”Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone'spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfromusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan'tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou'vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish-ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan'tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon*tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback..Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter.Youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougelitbygivingit.Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?^^asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon'ismileatthepersonyoulovefirstthingin

34themorning,you'resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson-andmakethehelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(ᢥ᥅)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner.Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou'ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit'struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat'scirculatingaroundyouisthegoodstuff?./012ᑖ⚪4ᙠ⚪ᓱ178஺1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone'ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Theyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making.Oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout.10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionAThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone47bywomen--rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing48work------stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a49thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing"povertyoftime“andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage50betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen_51givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow52abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers53womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare54customers.ICsinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto55payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars-theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale-oriented.Perhapsitwasthe56contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers../012ᑖ⚪4ᙠ⚪ᓱ278A)scaleB)retailedC)generateD)extremeE)technicallyF)affordableG)situationH)reallyI)potentialJ)gapK)voluntaryL)excessiveM)insultedN)purchase0)primarilySectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ReadingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWaterwhichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.

35ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,Wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.uMydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater."Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork'smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare-thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo'sAquafinaandCoca-Cola'sDasaniarcbothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(ᚖ;)overtheprofits.Arestaurant'stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit'soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren'tavailableinstores,mostdinesdon'tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinnersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowifssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity../012ᑖ⚪4ᙠ⚪ᓱ278஺57.WhatdowcknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?A.Itisakindoficedwater.B.Itisjustplaintapwater.C.Itisakindofbottledwater.D.Itisakindofmineralwater.58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater**(Line4,Para2),vonWiesenbergwantstoconveythemessagethat.A.plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB.bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC.bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD.dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste59.The"fancierbrands^(Line3Para5)refersto.A.tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB.famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC.PepsiCo'sAquafinaandCoca-Cola'sDasaniD.expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A.Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B.Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C.Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D.Bottledwatersatisfieddiners'desiretofashionable.61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A.Itismuchcheaperthanwinc.B.Itisconsideredhealthier.C.Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D.Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease-especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnotcatverynutritious(ᨵ⃩>Ḅ)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

36Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody'sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled"well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well"and“wellness“onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexerciseandtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody'scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap]«◍\maybe"well,"inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations."Wellness'*mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson.A.keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB.monitoringpatients'bodyfunctionsC.removingpeople'sbadlivinghabitsD.ensuringpeople'spsychologicalwell-being63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat.A.goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB.drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC.regularhealthchecksarcessentialtokeepingfitD.preventionismoredifficultthancure64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered"well"ifhe.A.doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB.doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC.isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD.isfreefromanykindofdisease65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof"wellness"isfbrpeople.A.tobestsatisfytheirbody'sspecialneedsB.tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC.tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhcalthD.tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A.Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B.Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C.Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D.Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.V®¯Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely67fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,68itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan69.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers70othermembersofthehive]⇾±\.Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything.71thingslike²³´\thathaveneverexisted.Thekey72inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe73togetherindifferentways,accordingto74ஹtocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing75humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,76abouttheuniversitythemind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink,Itisanimmenselycomplex77thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost78ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto79.TheSpeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto80language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe8௃ofspeechisextremelyfast.Only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto82outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto83thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof84ofthewordssentences
,andfinally85themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But86started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.

3767.A.·artB.offC.upD.down78.A.aspectsB.abstractsC.anglesD.assumptions68.A.soB.butC.orD.for79.A.anybodyB.anotherC.otherD.everybody69.A.transferB.transmitC.conveyD.communicate80.A.bodyB.gestureC.writtenD.spoken70.A.toB.fromC.overD.on81.A.growingB.fixingC.beginningD.building71.A.onlyB.almostC.evenD.just82.A.putB.takeC.drawD.figure72.A.staysB.situatesC.hidesD.lies83.A.identifyB.locateC.revealD.discover73.A.stuckB.strungC.rungD.consisted84.A.performanceB.organizationC.design74.A.rulesB.scalesC.lawsD.standardsD.layout75.A.combinesB.containsC.definesD.declares85.A.prescribeB.justifyC.utterD.interpret76.A.whalB.whetherC.whileD.if86.A.sinceB.afterC.onceD.until77.A.prospectB.progressC.processD.producePartVITranslation5minutes
Directions:CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaysthatitisnoteasyto]〉8FᦻᓄºḄ»\88.SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat]¼ᨵBCS½*¾ᡃᨵᔾÀm\89.Thevictim]ÁᩭÂᨵûÄᩭ\ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople]AÅᙠ᜛Ç¥È7ÂÉÊlj˲\91.Thenation'spopulationcontinuestorise]Ì1200ÍÎḄÏÐ\(9)20066ᨴZ⚪PartIIReadingComprehension35minutes
PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women'seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives]Ñ\Kprovidesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-thcprophecy]⚜Ó\becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle]ូឋÖ×\ofneglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.21.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis.

38A)rewardingB)troublesomeC)expensiveD)labor-saving22.Bysaying“…iheprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...(Lines4-5,Para.2),theauthormeansthat.A)girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreachB)girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathomeC)girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreamsD)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys23.TheauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhenA)womencaremoreabouteducationB)parentscanaffordtheirdaughters'educationC)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducationD)afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren24.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen'seducation?A)Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.B)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.C)Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.D)Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.25.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.A)unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountriesB)themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosocietyC)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomenD)thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomenPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Psychiatrists(ØÙEÚÛ)whoworkwitholderparentssaythatmaturitycanbeanassetinchildrearing--olderparentsaremorethoughtful,uselessphysicaldisciplineandspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.Butraisingkidstakesmoneyandenergy.Manyolderparentsfindthemselvesbalancingtheirlimitedfinancialresources,decliningenergyandfailinghealthagainstthegrowingdemandsofanactivechild.Dyingandleavingyoungchildrenisprobablytheolderparents*biggest,andoftenunspoken,fear.Havinglate-lifechildren,saysaneconomicsprofessor,oftenmeansparents,particularlyfathers,“endupretiringmuchlatcr.^^Formany,retirementbecomesanunobtainabledream.HenryMetcalf,a54-year-oldjournalist,knowsittakesmoneytoraisekids.Buthe'salsoworriedthathisenergywillgiveoutfirst.Sure,hecanstillridebikeswithhisathleticfifthgrader,buthe'slearnedthatyoungatheartdoesn'tmeanyoung.Latelyhe'sbeentakingafternoonnaps(ᓤṑ)tokeepuphisenergy.4tMybodyisaging,MsaysMetcalf,“Youcan'tgetawayfromthat.”Often,olderparentshearthetickingofanotherkindofbiologicalclock.Therapistswhoworkwithmiddle-agedandolderparentssayfearsaboutagingarenothingtolaughal.'Theyworryihey'Hbemistakenforgrandparents,orthatthey'llneedhelpgettingupoutofthoselittlechairsinnurseryschool/*saysJoannGalst,aNewYorkpsychologist.Butatthecoreofthoselittlefearsthereisoftenamuchbiggerone:"thattheywon'tbealivelongenoughtosupportandprotecttheirchild,“shesays.Manylate-lifeparents,though,saytheirchildrencameatjusttherighttime.Aftermarryinglateandundergoingyearsoffertility(ÝÞ)treatment,MarilynNolenandherhusband,Randy,hadtwins.uWebothwantedchildren/*saysMarilyn,whowas55whenshegavebirth.Thetwinshavegiventhecouplewhattheydesiredforyears,4tasenseoffamily.^^Kidsofolderdadsareoftensmarter,happierandmoresociablebecausetheirfathersaremoreinvolvedintheirlives."Thedadsarcolder,moremature,saysDr.Silber,4tandmorereadytofocusonparenting?,26.Whydopsychiatristsregardmaturityasanassetinchildrearing?

39A)Olderparentscanbetterbalancetheirresourcesagainstchildren'sdemands.B)Olderparentsareusuallymoreexperiencedinbringinguptheirchildren.C)Olderparentsareoftenbetterpreparedfinancially.D)Olderparentscantakebettercareoftheirchildren.27.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Formany,retirementbecomesanunobtainabledream^^(Lines7-8,Para.1)?A)Theyhavetogoonworkingbeyondtheirretirementage.B)Theycan'tgetfullpensionunlesstheyworksomeextrayears.C)Theycan'tobtaintheretirementbenefitstheyhavedreamedof.D)Theyarereluctanttoretirewhentheyreachtheirretirementage.28.TheauthorgivestheexampleofHenryMetcalftoshowthat.A)manypeopleareyounginspiritdespitetheiradvancedageB)takingafternoonnapsisagoodwaytomaintainenergyC)olderparentstendtobeconcernedabouttheiragingbodiesD)olderparentsshouldexercisemoretokeepupwiththeirathleticchildren.29.What'sthebiggestfearofolderparentsaccordingtoNewYorkpsychologistJoannGalst?A)Beinglaughedatbyotherpcoplc.B)Slowingdownoftheirpaceoflife.C)Beingmistakenforgrandparents.D)Approachingofdeath.30.WhatdowelearnaboutMarilynandRandyNolen?A)Theythoughttheywereanexampleofsuccessfulfertilitytreatment.B)Notuntiltheyhadthetwinsdidtheyfeeltheyhadformedafamily.C)Theybelievedthatchildrenbornofolderparentswouldbesmarter.D)Notuntiltheyreachedmiddleagedidtheythinkofhavingchildren.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic(OßḄ)personnelshortagesthatarccausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.Professionalsseekcareerexperienceoutsideoftheirhomecountriesforavarietyofreasons.Theymayfeeltheneedtorechargetheirbatterieswithanewchallenge.Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative.Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage.Whenapplyingforajob,oneusuallyhastosubmitaresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Thetwotermsgenerallymeanthesamething:aone-ortwo-pagedocumentdescribingone'seducationalqualificationsandprofessionalexperience.However,guidelinesforpreparingaresumeareconstantlychanging.Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporate(àáḄ)culture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision.Thechallengewillbetoembracetwoormoreculturesinonedocument.Thefollowinglistisagoodplacetostart.•Educationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Inalmosteverycaseof“cross-border”jobhunting,juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeanadequatedescription.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.•Payattentiontotheresumeformatyouuse-chronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyour“oldest”workexperiencefirst.Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.Mostcountrieshavepreferencesaboutwhichformalismostacceptable.Ifyoufindnospecificguidelines,thegeneralpreferenceisforthe

40reverse-chronologicalformat.•IfyouaresubmittingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutiftherecipient(ᦈâÎ)usesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Forexample,universityeducationisoftenreferredtoas“tertiaryeducation“intheUnitedKingdom,butthistermisalmostneverusedintheUnitedStates.Areaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors.31.Companiesarehiringmoreforeignemployeesbecause.A)theyhavedifficultyfindingqualifiedpersonnelathome.B)theyfindforeignemployeesareusuallymoretalentedC)theneedoriginalideasfromemployeeshiredoverseasD)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders32.Theauthorbelievesthatanindividualwhoappliestoworkoverseas.A)isusuallycreativeandfullofinitiativeB)aimstoimprovehisforeignlanguageskillsC)seekseitherhisownorhischildren'sdevelopmentD)isdissatisfiedwithhisownlifeathome33.Whenitcomestoresumewriting,itisbesttoA)knowtheemployer'spersonallikesanddislikesB)followappropriateguidelinesforjobhuntingC)learnaboutthecompany'shiringprocessD)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration34.Whenwritingaboutqualifications,applicantsareadvisedto.A)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiencesB)givethetitleoftheuniversitydegreetheyhaveearnedathomeC)highlighttheirkeeninterestinpursuinga“cross-border“careerD)stresstheiracademicpotentialtoimpressthedecisionmaker35.Accordingtotheauthor'slastpieceofadvice,theapplicantsshouldbeawareofA)therecipient'spreferencewithregardtotheformatB)thedifferenteducationalsystemsintheUSandtheUKC)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglishD)thedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanandBritishculturesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Speedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinforanunwelcomesurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobiliser(┝äᘤ)Kandaradiosignalfromacontrolcentremilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphonc,amicroprocessorandmemory,andaGPS(ᐰᳫ)èé)satellitepositioningreceiver.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltellthecontrolcentretoblockthevehicle'senginemanagementsystemandpreventtheenginebeingrestarted.IntheUKasetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves.4iThcpatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged/'saysMartynRandall,asecurityexpert.Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold.Moderncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon'tallowthemtostartunless

41theyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignim()key.IntheUK,technologieslikethishavehelpedachievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince1997.Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars,oftenbygettingholdoftheowner'skeys.Andkeytheftisresponsiblefor40%ofthetheftsofvehiclesfittedwithatrackingsystem.Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal.Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheownertoconfirmthatthecarreallyismissing,andkeeppoliceinformedofthevehicle'smovementsviathecar'sGPSunit.36.Whal'sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobiliserfittedtoacar?A)Toallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenstolen.B)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops.C)Tohelpthepolicemakeasurpriseattackonthecarthief.D)Topreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarowner.37.Bysaying“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged^^(Lines1-2,Para.3),MartynRandallsuggeststhatA)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheftB)thethiefhastomakeuseofcomputertechnologyC)ittakesalongertimeforthecarthieftodothestealingD)thethiefhaslostinterestinstealingcarsover10yearsold38.Whatisessentialinmakingamoderncartoughertosteal?A)AGPSsatellitepositioningreceiverB)AuniqueIDcardC)AspecialcellphonesignaD)Acodedignitionkey39.Whydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre?A)TogivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationscentreB)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystemC)Tokeeppoliceinformedofthecar'smovementsD)Toleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanalarm40.Whatwilltheoperationscentredofirstafterreceivinganalarm?A)Startthetrackingsystem.B)Locatethemissingcar.C)Contactthecarowner.D)Blockthecarengine.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultytotogetherinresearchactivities.A)involveB)participateC)specializeD)consist42.Americancollegestudentsareincreasinglywithcreditcarddebtandtheconsequencescanberatherserious.A)dischargedB)dominatedC)boostedD)burdened43.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathdocsnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofmurders.A)penaltyB)plotC)patternD)practice44.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarclesslikelytothehabitofsmoking.A)turnupB)pickupC)makeupD)drawup

4245.Themostsuccessfulpost-careerathletesarethosewhocantaketheidentityandlifeskillstheylearnedinsportsandthemtoanotherareaoflife.A)applyB)utilizeC)employD)exert46.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandhardertohonestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.A)dissolveB)disguiseC)discountD)distinguish47.Almostalljobapplicantsaredeterminedtoleaveagoodonapotentialemployer.A)illusionB)impressionC)reflectionD)reputation48.Beingoutofwork,Janecannolongerfriendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.A)treatB)appealC)urgeD)compel49.Althoughtheylosttheirjobs,savingsandunemploymentbenefitsallowthecoupletotheircomfortablehome.A)lookforwardtoB)catchupwithC)holdontoD)comeinfor50.Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand.A)possessionsB)possibilitiesC)privilegesD)preferences51.Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,workerswhoare50to60yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobeA)laidasideB)laidupC)laidoutD)laidoff52.People'sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheirstatedoes.A)primitiveB)modernC)currentD)initial53.bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.A)ImitatedB)InsuredC)ImposedD)Inspired54.Thephysicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomencanbedirectlytoourbasicrolesashuntersandchild-bearers.A)switchedB)tracedC)pursuedD)followed55.Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeingbyamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.A)heldoutB)heldonC)heldforthD)heldback56.Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeenonlytotheveryrich.A)manageableB)acceptableC)affordableD)measurable57.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinnotogotothepartywithus.A)moodB)emotionC)senseD)taste58.Itisclearthatthedoghasamuchgreaterofitsbraindevotedtosmellthanisthecasewithhumans.A)compositionB)proportionC)compoundD)percent59.Thereisalreadycleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.A)witnessB)evidenceC)identityD)certification60.Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom.A)functionB)behaviorC)performanceD)display61.IntheUS.88percentofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitistosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.A)illegalB)irrationalC)liberalD)liable62.Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto

43theproblem.A)relateB)fileC)attachD)tackle63.Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.A)liftedB)flownC)heightenedD)soared64.It'sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactuallyfromtheBible.A)acquireB)deriveC)resultD)obtain65.Accordingtothekeywitnesses,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminaPsmostmemorablefacial.A)featureB)signatureC)hintD)spot66.Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationistheofyourmind.A)caseB)circumstanceC)stateD)situation67.BraziFsconstitutionthemilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.A)withdrawsB)interruptsC)objectsD)forbids68.Tom,diditevertoyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexam?.A)strikeB)happenC)occurD)reflect69.Lungcancer,likesomeothercancers,oftendoesn'tproduceuntilitistoolateandhasspreadbeyondthechesttothebrain,liverorbones.A)symbolsB)symptomsC)trailsD)therapies70.Researchshowsthatthereisnorelationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.A)successiveB)sincereC)significantD)subsequentPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm'sattentionisthedesignofcities,buildingsandproducts.WhenwedesignedAmerica'sfirstso-called“green“officebuildinginNewYorktwodecades71wefeltveryalone.Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe72thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearsto73Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren'tdesignedfor74use.Thettenergy-efficienf,sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisis75indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofor20years,we'vebeenfocusingonthesematerials76tothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethem77forpeopleandtheplanet.Homebuilderscannowusematerials--suchaspaintsthatreleasesignificantly78amountsoforganiccompounds——thatdon't79thequalityoftheair,water,orsoil.Ultimately.80ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“lessbad“butoncreating81healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoil_82reusedbyindustryagainandagain.Asamatterof83,theworld'slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalready84acarpetthatisfullyandsafelyrecyclable(ÈÖ×ᑭᵨḄ).Lookatitthisway:Noone85outtocreateabuildingthatdestroystheplanet.Butourcurrentindustrialsystemsare86causingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.So87ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare88apositiveapproach.We'regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea89effectontheworld.It'snotjustthebuildingindustry,either,90citiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.Portland,SeattleandBostonhavesaidtheywanttobegreencities.Chicago

44wantstobethegreenestcityintheworld.71.A)offB)awayC)beforeD)ago72.A)practiceB)ideaC)outlookD)scheme73.A)goB)continueC)comeD)arrive74.A)relevantB)indoorC)flexibleD)inward75.A)revealedB)displayedC)exhibitedD)discovered76.A)backB)nearC)downD)next77.A)cautiousB)comfortableC)stableD)safe78.A)rcduccdB)revisedC)delayedD)descended79.A)destroyB)denyC)dissolveD)depress80.A)anywayB)besidcsC)anyhowD)however81.A)exactlyB)completelyC)partiaIlyD)superficially82.A)andB)norC)orD)but83.A)principleB)courseC)interestD)fact84.A)developcdB)skctchedC)researchedD)constructed85.A)looksB)pullsC)startsD)makes86.A)originallyB)traditionallyC)basicallyD)inevitably87.A)insteadB)becauseC)outD)regardless88.A)adjustingB)adoptingC)adaptingD)admitting89.A)functionalB)sensibleC)beneficialD)precious90.A)FullB)EntireC)TotalD)Complete

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