阅读理解之说明文（一）原卷版-2021-2022年新高考英语模拟题分项汇编（第3期）

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⚪01▅ᳮᦻ1.ḕ202L2022ᨴὃYoucaneithertravelorread,buteitheryourbodyorsoulmustbeontheway.Thepopularsayinghasinspiredmanypeopletoreadorgosightseeing.Travelingjustlikereading,isarefreshingjourneyfromthebusyworld.Books,brainfood,cankeepyoucompanyonyourtravel.OntheRoad,1957,byJackKerouacThebookisagloballypopularspiritualguidebookaboutyouth.ThemaincharacterinthebookdrivesacrosstheUScontinentwithseveralyoungpeopleandfinallyreachesMexico.Aftertheexhaustingandexcitingtrip,thecharactersinthebookbegintorealizethemeaningoflife.ThebookcanbeagoodpartnerwithyoutoexploretheUnitedStates.LifeisElsewhere,1975,byMilanKunderaJean-JacquesRousseauoncesaid,“Manisbomfree,andeverywhereheisinchains.^^Thebooktellsayoungartist'sromanticbutmiserablelife,abouthowhereads,dreams,andhasarelationship.Experiencetheartist'spassionatelifeinthebookduringatriptoCentralEurope.Thebookinvitesyoutodeeplyreflectonyourcurrentlife.TheStoriesofSahara,1967,bySanmaoThebooknarratestheauthor'ssimplebutadventurouslifeintheSaharaDesert,whichseemsadesolateanddullplace.Thefancynaturalsceneryandlifethere,alongwiththeauthor'sromanticandintensiveemotion,willinspireyoutoexplorethemysteriousland.Readingthebookislikeparticipatinginadialoguewiththeauthor,whoissincereandhumorous.Lotus,2006byAnnbabyThisnovelsetinTibet,tellsthreepeople'sstories,eachwiththeiruniquecharacteristics.Itrevealsmodempeople'semotionsandinnerlife,theirconfusionaboutlove,andexplorationofBuddhism.ThebookisagoodpartnertobringyoutothesacredlandTibet.1.Whichbookisabouttheexplorationoflifevaluethroughajourney?A.OntheRoad.B.LifeisElsewhere.C.TheStoriesofSahara.D.Lotus.2.WhosebookcouldbethemostsuitableforyourtriptoGermany?A.JackKerouac's.B.Sanmao's.

1C.Annbaby's.D.MilanKundera's.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.LotusisareligiousbookexploringTibetanBuddhistculture.B.OntheroadadvisesaclassicroutefordrivingacrosstheUS.C.ThestoriesofSahararecordsitsauthors,ownlifeinthedesert.D.LifeisElsewheredemonstratesJean-JacquesRousseau'sownlife.2.ḕ2021-2022ᨴὃEarth'slongestartificialstructureisusuallysaidtobetheGreatWallofChinawhilethesecond-longestisnotawall,butafence.Itstretchesfor5,614kmacrosseasternAustraliaandisintendedtostopthecountry'swilddogs,thedingoes,fromhuntingsheep.Australia'sdingofencedoesnotstandalone.Millionsofkilometresoffenceswraptheworld.Someareintendedtolimitthemovementofanimals,somethemovementofpeople,andsomemerelytomarktheboundary.Untilrecently,dataontheeffectsoffencesonwildlifehavebeeninadequate.ThathaschangedwiththepublicationofareportbyProfessorAlexMclnturff.Onediscoveryhehasmadeisthatmorethanhalfofpublishedfenceresearchfocusesonjustfivecountries—America,Australia,Botswana,ChinaandSouthAfrica.Asecondisthatonlyathirdofthesestudiesexaminedtheimpactoffencesonanythingotherthanthetargetspeciesinvolved,meaningtheanimalspurposelyintendedtobekeptinorout.Non-targetspecies,however,areoftenthosethathavetheirfortunesmostgreatlyreshapedbytheappearanceofpolesandwire.Australianfencesintendedtokeepoutdingoesarealsobarrierstolong-neckedturtles,whichtravelgreatdistancesoverlandwhenmovingbetweennestingsites.InBotswanafencesbuilttosparecattlefromwildlife-bornediseaseresultinseriousinterferencewithwildebeest!migrations.Noteverycreaturefaresbadly.Hawks"inMontanagladlysitonnewlybuiltlivestockfencestohuntsmallanimals,whilefence-basedspidersinSouthAfricaoutperformtheirtree-basedcousinswhenitcomestocatchinginsects.Often,though,thewinnersarecreaturesthatcausetroubleforexistingecosystems.KeepingdingoesoutoflargepartsofAustraliahasallowedaggressiveredfoxestomultiply.Nativerodents#$%&ᱥhavesufferedasaresult.Somehavebeenbroughttotheedgeofextinction.8.Whichisapurposeofbuildingfences?

2A.Toexpandtheboundaryofacountry.B.Toprotectlivestocklikesheepandcattle.C.Tostopwildanimalsfrombeinghunted.D.Tohelppeoplemovearoundfreely.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudiesonfences?A.Dataontheimpactoffenceshavebeenproved.B.Previousresearcheswerecompleteandsystematic.C.Abouttwo-thirdsofthestudiesfocusonthetargetanimals.D.Notallstudiesexaminedtheeffectoffencesonwildlife.10.Whichanimalsunexpectedlybenefitfromfences?A.Long-neckedturtlesinAustralia.B.CattleinBotswana.C.Tree-basedspidersinSouthAfrica.D.RedfoxesinAustralia.11.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetothefencesaroundtheworld?A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.C.Objective.D.Cautious.3.ḕ202L2022ᨴὃDoyoueverpullyourphoneoutofyourpocket,thinkingitisvibrating(&,onlytofindthatitisn't?Thisphenomenon,whichscientistscall"phantom)*Ḅphonevibration”,isverycommon.Around80%ofpeoplesurveyedsaytheyhaveimaginedtheirphonesvibratingwhentheywereactuallystill.So,whatleadstothisuniversalbehavior?AccordingtotheBBC,theexplanationliesinyourbrain'sabilitytodiscoversignalsfromtheoutsideworld.Whenyourphoneisinyourpocket,therearetwopossiblestates:Itiseithervibratingornot.Meanwhile,youalsohavetwopossiblestatesofmind:thejudgmentthatthephoneisvibrating,orthatitisn't.Ideally,youmatchthefourstatescorrectly.However,sometimesyourbraindecidesthattheconsequencesofmissingacallaremoreseriousthana"falsealarm,,.Therefore,youbecomemoresensitivetovibrationssothatyoudon*tmissanything.Thisisjustlikethefirealarminyourhome——itcanbeannoyingwhenitgoesoffinresponsetojustatinybitofsmoke.Butthat'sasmallpricetopaycomparedtoafirereallybreakingoutbecausethealarmfailstoalertyou.Now,youmightstillask,whycan'tourbrainsjustmakeeveryjudgmentcorrectlywithoutbeingtoosensitivetofalsesignals?Theansweristhatyourbrainbearsaheavyburdeneveryday."Yougetalargeamountofsensoryinformationthat'scoiningfromyoureyes,earsandskin,andyoucan'tdealwithallthatinformationallthetime,“

3MichaelRothberg,aresearcheratBaystateMedicalCenterinSpringfield,US,toldLiveScience.Forexample,therustling,,-ofclothingorthegrowlingᕷᕷ-you'reyourstomachmaybothleadyourbraintobelievethattheycomefromthevibrationofyourphone——itisliketryingtohearyournamebeingcalledinanoisyroom.So,perhapsyoushouldjustcheckyourphonewheneveryouthinkit'svibrating,Itisn'ttoomuchtroubletodothat,isit?12.Accordingtothispassage,phantomphonevibration.A.iscommonamongpeoplewithmentalproblemsB,happenswhenourbrainsreacttoosensitivelyC.canmeasurepeople'sabilitytocollectinformationD.helpsourbrainstomakedecisionsquicklyandaccurately13.Whydidtheauthorusetheexampleoffirealarminthispassage?A.Tohelpusunderstandthecauseofphantomphonevibrationbetter.B.Totellusthephonevibrationusuallyhappenswhenafirebreaksout.C.Toshowusthefirealarmisassensitiveasthephonevibration.D.Toconvinceusifsimportanttocheckourphoneslikecheckingafirealarm.14.AccordingtoMichaelRothberg,whichmainlyaccountsforphantomphonevibration?A.Alackofmuchattention.B.Anoisybackground.C.Anoverflowofsensoryinformation.D.Aheavyburdeneveryday.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoaboutphantomphonevibration?A.Weshouldalwaysfullybelieveourownsenseofhearing.B.WeshouldjustcheckourphoneswhenwethinktheyYevibrating.C.Weshouldignorethevibrationbotheringwhenourphonesareactuallystill.D.Weshouldthinkofthevibrationcarefullybeforewemakecorrectjudgments.4.ḕ012021-202223Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcominghazardsᓻ◅6scientistsclaim.Theextremelyfastmobileinternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcouldmakedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.

4Severalcarmanufacturersarealreadyintegrating5Gintotheirvehicles,includingasatooltohelpserveinthegenerationofsel-drivingvehicles.ExpertsatGlasgowCaledonianUniversity(GCU)believethehigh-speedconnectionwillalsoimprovethereliabilityandcapabilityofautomatedvehiclestothepointwheretheywillbesaferthanthemanualcarsbeingdriventoday.Theypredictthenumberofroadtrafficaccidents,whichaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationaccountformorethan1.3milliondeathsandupto50millionpeopleinjuredworldwideeveryyear,willdropdrastically(89ᙢ)asaresult.DrDimitriosLiarokapis,amemberoftheresearchgroup,said,uTohaveabetterideaofwhatthefuturewilllooklike,thinkofhavingsuchcarsthatnotonlyusesensorstoscanwhat'saroundthem,theycanalsotalktoeachotherandexchangesafety-relatedinformationabouttheirsurroundingsoveranareathatcoversseveralsquaremiles.Withthehelpof5G,avehicle-generatedearlywarningsystemthatremindsdriversispossiblewithinthenextfewyears.Carsthatarecloseenoughtothedangerareawilltransmitwarningmessagestoothercarsaroundthemusingshort-rangecommunicationtechnologies,butalsotocarsfurtherawayusing5G,fastandreliably.^^Afewmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonconnectedcars.Ofthem,Fordrevealeditsintentiontofit80percentofits2020vehicleswithtechnologythatwarnsdriversaboutupcomingroadaccidents,badweatherandtrafficjams.12.Whatisthebenefitof5Gmentionedinthetext?A.Itcanimprovethesafetyofautomatedvehicles.B.Itcanhelpdriverscommunicatewitheachother.C.Itcaneffectivelywipeoutroadtrafficaccidents.D.Itcanhelpmakemoreprofitsforthemanufacturers.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicle-generatedwarningsystem?A.Itcangetinformationseveralmilesahead.B.Itwillfrequentlysendmessagestodrivers.C.Ithasbeenprovedextremelyhelpfulfordriving.D.Itisunderresearchanddevelopmentatpresent.14.Whatwillbeprobablycontinuedwiththetext?A.Somesafetyruleswhenusing5G.B.Somecarmanufacturers.

5C.Thesalesinformationofcarswith5G.D.Theadvantageswhenusing5G15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue"BetweenCarsB.5GLeavesDriversFreeWhenTheyAreDrivingC.5GHasBeenPopularwithDriversAroundtheWorldD.5GIstoBringGreatConveniencetoOurDailyLife5.<=ḕ>ᓄ2021-2022ᨴὃBeginning2020,thefifthgenerationofwirelesstechnologyisexpectedtobewidelyusedthroughouttheworld.Thenewnetwork,called5G,promisestogivefasterspeedsandahighercapacityfortheuseofmoredevices.However,whilesomecompaniesarecompetingtobethefirsttodeliver5Gtotheconsumer,theenvironmentalinfluencesofthenewnetworkarebeingoverlooked.Thereissomeevidencethatthenewdevicesandtechnologiesassociatedwith5Gwillbeharmfultoecosystems.Themaincomponentofthe5Gnetworkthatwillaffecttheearth*secosystemsisthemillimeterwaves.Themillimeterwavesthatarebeingusedindevelopingthe5Gnetworkhaveneverbeenusedatsuchscale@Abefore.Studieshavefoundthattherearesomeharmscausedbythesenewtechnologies.Themillimeterwaves,specifically,hadadetrimentaleffectonbirds.Inastudy,researchersobservedthatafterexposuretoradiationfromacelltowerforjust5J30minutes,theeggsofsparrowsweredisfigured.Thedisfigurationofbirdsexposedforsuchashortamountoftimetothesefrequencies⚣᳛issignificantconsideringthatthenew5GnetworkwillhaveamuchhigherdensityDEofbasestations
smallcellsthroughoutareasneedingconnection.Thepotentialdangersofhavingsomanysmallcellsalloverareaswherebirdslivecouldthreatentheirpopulation'ssurvival.Additionally,itwasfoundthatcellulardeviceswerelinkedtomanydisturbancesintheecosystemsofbees.Inthisstudy,beehivesexposedforjusttenminutesto900MHzwavesfellvictimtocolonycollapsedisorder⇾GHIJ᎛G.Beesareanincrediblyimportantpartoftheearth'secosystem.Aroundone-thirdofthefoodproducedtodayisdependentonbeesforpollinationᣴN6makingbeesareavitalpartoftheagriculturalsystem.Theimpactthatthecelltowershaveonbirdsandbeesisimportanttounderstand,becauseallecosystemsoftheearthareinterconnected.Ifonecomponentofanecosystemisdisruptedthewholesystemwillbeaffected.8.Whatwillprobablycausetheenvironmentalproblemswiththewideuseof5Gnetwork?

6A.Thelackofthedensityofbasestations.B.Thelessmaturedevicesandtechnologies.C.Thelowercapacityfortheuseofdevices.D.Thelargeamountofuseofmillimeterwaves.9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword"detrimental"inParagraph3?A.Important.B.Unknown.C.Harmful.D.Potential.10.Whyarebeesimportantintheearth'secosystem?A.Theyplayakeyroleinfoodproduction.B.Theycanguidesomepollinatorstowork.C.Theyarelikelytoreduceunpleasantnoises.D.Theyriddisturbancesintheagriculturalsystem.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Should5GBeUsedintheFuture?B.TheInfluenceof5GonEcosystemC.TheResearchon5GTechnologiesD.HowCanEcosystemSurvive5G?6.<=ḕ20212022ᨴὃInmanywalksoflifeandinmanysituations,persuadingpeopleto.dowhatyouwantthemtodoisthekeytosuccess.Researchershavelookedintodifferentaspectsofpersuasionandcomeupwithsomeinterestingresultswhicharesurelyhelpfultous.OneadvertisingcopywritercameupwithanapproachtosellingaproductonaTVshoppingchannelviaphonesales.Insteadofbeinginstructed“Operatorsarewaiting,pleasecallnow"6viewersweretold“Ifoperatorsarebusy,pleasecallagain”.Theresultswereextraordinary.Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren't-sittingaroundhoping.peoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeople:wantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.Whatroledoeschoicehaveinpersuadingpeopletobuyorgetsomething?Onestudyinasupermarketshowedtheeffectofchoice.Aparticularsupermarketdisplayedeither6or24differentkindsofjam.Thelargedisplayattractedmoreinterestthanthesmallone.Butwhenthetimecametopurchasethings;peoplewhosawthelargedisplaywereone-tenthaslikelytobuy.Iftheydobuy,theyarelesscontentwiththeirselection,eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhigh

7expectations.Anotheraspect6fpersuasionconcernsgettingsomeonetochangetheirmind:It*shardtoprovetosomeonethatapreviousdecisioniswrong,andaspeoplegetoldertheygetlessandlesswillingtochangetheirminds.Peoplewantthingstobeunwavering;theywanttheirattitudes,statements,valuesandactionstofollowasetpattern.Theonlywaytopersuadethemtochangeistoacknowledgerthisbyagreeingthatthepreviousdecisiontheymadeisaperfectlyunderstandableone.Thisallowsthemtofocusonyoursuggestionwithoutfeelingtheirpreviousdecisioniswrong.Asaresult,theymaybepersuadedtobreakoutoftheirestablishedpattern.8.Whatdoestheadvertisingcopywriterwanttoindicateabouttheproduct?A.It'sforsale.B.It'sprecious.C.Ifsindemand.D.It's*rare.9.WhatdoesthestudymentionedinParagraph3show?A.Increasedchoicedecreasessatisfaction.B.Moreselectionsbringmoreactions.C.Moreandmorepeopledon'twanttochoose.D.Somechoicesaremoreattractivethanothers.10.What'stheauthor'sattitudetopeople'sunwillingnesstochangetheirmind?A.Indifferent.B.Favorable.C.Understandable.D.Unbearable.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toteachbowtogetbetteratpersuasion.B.Todiscussvariousstudiesonpersuasion.C.Tocomparedifferentformsofpersuasion.D.Toanalyzehowpersuasionaffectssuccess.7.<=ḕ20212022ᨴὃAcompetitionmakingupVersaillesliteraturewaslaunchedonSinaWeiborecently.SowhatisVersaillesliterature?Actually,thetermhasnothingtodowiththeFrenchpalacenorwithliterature.ItcamefromTheRoseofVersailles,aJapanesemangaseriesaboutaristocraticOPᓄḄlifeatthepalaceofVersaillesinFranceinthelate18thcentury,andwascoinedbyaChineseinfluencerearlierthisyear.Knownashumblebragging,itisaboast
ூRSdisguisedasacomplaint.havetoomanyhouses.HowcanIdecidewhichonetodecorate?^^andthoughtIlostweightthismorning.SodisappointedwhenIrealizeditwasbecauseItookoffthehugediamondringmyboyfriendgavemelastnight“aresomeexamplesofVersaillesliterature.Theintentionistoshowoff--usuallythingsofmaterialisticvalues,yetoneoughttopretendthat'snotthepoint.Asthe19lhcenturyEnglishauthorJaneAustenfamouslywrote,"NothingismoredeceitfulTUḄthanthe

8appearanceofhumility
VWThepsychologybehindhumblebraggingistoberecognizedforone'ssuccessesandbelikedbyothersatthesametime,accordingtoscholars.InherarticletitledWhydopeoplehatehumblebragging?publishedinPsychologyToday,psychologistDr.SusanKraussWhitbourneattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherstnotedthathumblebraggingisa"strategyinpursuitofrespect“becauseitdrawsattentiontoone'saccomplishmentsinacircuitousway.However,studiesonsocialmediausersshowthathumblebraggingasaself-promotionstrategydoesnotwork.IntheessayHumblebragging:Adistinctandineffectiveself-presentationstrategy,theUniversityofNorthCarolinaresearcherOvulSezerandHarvardUniversityscholarsFrancescaGinoandMichaelNortonconcludedfromtheirresearchthathumblebraggersareperceivedmorenegativelythanstraightbraggersduetotheformer'sinsincerity.“Thecriticalfactordifferentiatingthetwogroupsofpeopleissincerity.Peopledon'tlikebraggers,buttheyatleastseethemasmoresincerethanhumblebraggers,saidFrancescaGino.So,howcanweannoyhumblebraggersback?”Justpretendyoudon'tgetwhateveritistheytrytoshowoff/'anetizenadvised."Andrespondwithgenuinesympathyfbrtheircomplaints.^^12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistypicalof"'Versaillesliterature”?A.Youknowwhomyfatheris?MyfatherisLiGang.B.Gotfiveofferstodate.Tmatalosswhichtochoose.C.It'saheadachehowtomakemysontidyuphisroomregularly.D.I'mfedupwithlivinginthecountrysidewithnoshoppingmallsaround.13.Whatisthepsychologybehindhumblebragging?A.Towinothers'sympathy.B.Toearnothers,admiration.C.Toshowhis/hersincerity.D.Tomaskhis/hercomplaint.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedworld“circuitous“inParagraph3probablymean?A.Roundabout.B.Straightforward.C.Ambiguous.D.Double-edged.15.Whatcan'tbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Braggersarerelativelymoresincerethanhumblebraggers.B.Humblebraggingisanartificialappearanceofbeinghumble.C.Torespondwithrealsympathywilldiscouragehumblebraggers.D.Ifyouwanttobeperceivedpositively,avoidusingVersaillesliterature.

98.<=Xᜧ▬2021-2022ᨴὃWithsmarttechnologyincreasinglyinfluencingallaspectsofourlives,itisonlyamatteroftimebeforesomeoneinventssmartshoes-onesthatcanbemadebasedonpersonalneeds.Called“ShiftWear"6thesneakersarethebrainchildofateamofbusinessmen,andengineersledbyNewYork-baseddesignerDavidCoelho.Theadaptableshoescanbecustomizedbyusingasmartphoneapp.ShoeownerswillhavetheoptionofselectingadesignfromavarietyofHDpatternsbyfamousartistsorcreatingonethemselves.Thecompany'sfoundersimaginethemarketplacewhereartistscannotonlysharebutalsoselltheirdesignstoothers.Despitebeingelectronic,thedesignsareclearlyvisibleeveninthebrightestsunlight.What'sevencooleristhatbyswitchingonabacklight,userscanevenshowofftheirdesignsinthedark!AccordingtoCoelho,thesneakerswillkeeptheirchargeforeverifonlyimagesaredisplayed.Thoughtheywillneedperiodicrecharging,activeusershavenothingtoworryabout.That'sbecausetheshoesareequippedwithspecialWalk-N-Chargetechnologythatpowerstheshoeswitheverystep.Inactiveusersalsohaveoptionsofchargingthesneakerswithoutusingwires.ThebottompartoftheshoesiscoveredwithKevlarfibers,akindofstrongmaterial,reducingnormalwearandtear.Evenbetter,theyarecompletelywaterproofandcanevenbethrownintoanordinarylaundrymachineforaquickwash!Thecompanypredictsthattheshoeswillrangeinpricefrom$150to$1,000dependingonthesizeofthee-panels[⊤]wherethedesignsaredisplayed.Thisisnotthefirsttimethatelectronicsandshoeshavecombined.Lithuania-basediShuhTechnologieshascomeupwithasimilarconceptthatconnectse-readerpanelstoasmartphoneappViaBluetooth.Whetherthesesmartshoesbecomeaspopularasoursmartdevicesremainstobeseen,thoughtheysurelyareattractive.5.Whatcanweknowaboutthesmartshoesfromthetext?A.Theelectronicdesignscannotbeseenclearlyannight.B.Thebottompartoftheshoescanlastlongerduetospecialmaterials.C.Thedesignersmakesureeverypairofsneakersisunique.D.Theshoeshavetobewashedbyhandtoprotecttheelectronics.6.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatimagesthesneakersshow.B.Howthesneakerscanworkwell.C.Howthesneakersarechanged.D.Whattechnologythesneakerscarry.

107.Thevariedpricesofthesneakersmainlydependon.A.thelengthoftheshoesB.thematerialoftheirbottomsC.thedesignersoftheshoesD.thelargenessoftheire-panels8.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesneakers'futuremarket?A.Negative.B.Uncertain.C.Anxious.D.Confident.9.<=Xᜧ▬2021-2022ᨴὃGrowingupinpovertycanhavelong-termnegativeconsequencesforchildren.Now,astudyofferingunconditionalcashtoagroupofmothersonlowincomesintheUSisbeginningtodiscoverthepreciseroleofparentalincomeinchilddevelopment.Itisthefirstrandomisedtrialtolookatwhetherabasicincomemightaffectthewayachild'sbraindevelopsinthiscriticalperiod.Weknowthatthefirstfewyearsofachild'slifearethemostinfluentialfortheirdevelopment.Braindevelopmentisparticularlyrapidinearlychildhoodandthereforemorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheenvironment.Studiesofchildrenbomintofamilieswithlowincomeshavefoundtheytendtohavemorebehaviouralproblemsandarebehindtheirpeerswhentheystartschool.However,itisn'tclearwhetherlowincomedirectlyleadstotheseoutcomes,orwhethertheyarearesultofotherfactorsassociatedwithgrowingupinpoverty.Tofindout,KimberlyNobleatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCityandhercolleaguesapproachedwomenonlowincomeswhohadjustgivenbirthatfoursitesintheUS.Theteamismeasuringseveralthingsthroughoutthestudy.Ateachyearlyfbllow-up,childrenareassessedformeasureslikesleepquality,developmentalmilestones,overallhealthandemotionaldevelopment.OneuniqueaspectofthestudyistheuseofmobileEEGheadsetstomonitortheinfants9brainactivityintheirhomeenvironments.Almost$4millionhasbeengivenoutthroughthestudysofar.Thoughitistooearlytodrawfullconclusions,somepreliminary^_Ḅresultsarealreadyofinterest.Forexample,someoftheparentshaveallowedtheresearcherstokeeptrackoftheirtransactions`a.Thoseinthehigh-cashgroupappeartobespendingmoreonbooksfortheirchildren,andspendingmoretimereadingtogether,accordingtosurveystheteamconducted.Thisispotentiallygoodnewsbecausereadingtoinfantsisknowntobegoodforcognitivedevelopment,vocabularyandpromotingimportantbondsbetweenadultsandchildren.Eventually,thefindingscouldhelpwithpolicyinterventionsb⚜toassistchildrenbornintopoverty,or

11eventofindwaystobufferagainsttheeffectsofpovertylaterinlife.9.Thepassagemainlyintendstotellusthat.A.theearlyyearsofachild'slifearethemostinfluentialB.womenshouldearnmoretopromotechildren'sdevelopmentC.moneyaffectsbraindevelopmentinone'schildhoodD.comprehensivemeasuresaretobetakentoassistthechildren10.Theunconditionalcashgivenoutbringspositiveconsequencespossiblybecause.A.thefamilycanliveacarefreelifewithflipcashB.ithelpstoofferbetterenvironmentforthechildrenC.thefamilycanofferthechildrenmorenutritionD.itprovidesmoretimeforthefamilytogettogether11.Theunderlinedphrase“bufferagainsf5inthelastparagraphmaymean.A.preventB.causeC.declineD.transform12.Howweretheconclusionsofthestudyproved?A.Bydoingfollow-upresearches.B.Bytakingrandomisedtrials.C.Bygivingparticipantsinterviews.D.Bymakingquestionnaires.10.(dᓅḕfgh2021-2022ᨴὃ)TourGuideinNewYorkTimesSquare--TheCrossroadsoftheWorldPrivateTourTimesSquarehasacolorfulhistory,oneworthexploring.Dayandnight.TimesSquareislitupbythedozensofbillboardsadvertisingthebiggestbrands.Takeabreakinthepedestriansquareandbeentertainedbyperformerspracticingtheirtrade.You'llbesurprisedbywhatyouseeandlearn.Architecture101.theArtDccoCityPrivateTourNewYorkCity(NYC)ismostcloselyidentifiedwithskyscrapersandmanyskyscraperswereconstructed,duringthelate1920sandearly1930s,theeraofArtDcco.Comeandexplorewithmethedazzlingarchitecturethathasariseninthiscityoverthelast100years.You'llbesurprisedbywhatyoulearn.CentralParkPrivateTourInthemiddleofthisconcretejungleliesanextensivegreenspaceunlikeanyother.Designedandbuiltbythe

12famousFrederickLawOlmsted,the843-acreCentralParkhascometocapturetheheartsofvisitorsaroundtheworld.It'sanicon,ofgreenery,ofpeaceandcalminthisfast-pacedcity.Rock&RolINYCPrivateTourYou'vebeenaRockRollfanforyears,andnowyou'reheadingtoNewYork.TheheartofthebestRock&Rolltheworldhas.NewYorkCityhasbeenthecenterofthemusicworldTordecadesfromLincolnCentertotheEastVillage.StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandPrivateTourTheStatueofLibertyandEllisIslandremainstandingasaphysicalreminderoftheimmigrantexperiencethatshapedtheNYCpeoplewalkingthroughtoday.AguidefromCityWalksNYcantakeyouthroughthehistoryandbeautyofthecity'simmigrantpast,astheStatueofLibertyandEllisIslandprivatetourpromisestotakeyoualongthehistoricjourneythatsomanyhavetraveledon.1.WhatcanyouseeinTimesSquare?A.TVshows.B.TheStatueofLiberty.C.Advertisements.D.RockRollconcerts.2.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttohaveapeacefullime?A.EllisIsland.B.CentralPark.C.TheEastVillage.D.TheLincolnCenter.3.WhataspectofNewYorkcultureistheStatueofLibertyandEllisIslandprivatetourrelatedto?A.Architecture.B.Immigration.C.Rock&Roll.D.Superheroes.II.dᓅḕfgh2021-2022ᨴὃDependingonthetopic,people'sopinionscanchangefrommomenttomomentorlastalifetime.Thefactorsthatmakeoneopinionlong-lastingandanothershort-lived,however,arenotalwaysclear.Paststudieshaveshownthatopinionsbasedonhardfactsanddatacanremainconstantovertime,butnewresearchpublishedinthejournalPsychologicalSciencefindsthatopinionsbasedonfeelingsandemotionscanalsostandthetestoftime.Aspartoftheirstudy,theresearchersaskedmorethan1,000peopletowhatdegreetheybelievedopinionsbasedonfeelingsoremotionalreactionsweremorestableovertimethanthosebasedonthinkingandreasoned

13analysis.Only15%expressedanybeliefthatopinionsbasedonemotionwouldbemorestableovertime.Totesttherolethatemotionplaysinforminglong-lastingopinions,theresearchersconductedsevenindependentstudiesinvolvingmorethan20,000participantsinvariousreal-worldsituations.Thefirstsurvey,whichwasconductedthedayafterChristmas,measuredfeelingsaboutrecentlyreceivedgifts.Theparticipantsweregivenalistofadjectives
ijktodescribetheiropinionstowardtheirgifts.Adjectiveslike"worthwhile"wereassociatedwithapracticalreactiontothegift,whilewordslike"delightful"weremorestronglyassociatedwithanemotionalreaction.Onemonthlater,theparticipantscompletedafollow-upsurveytotesttheendurance
ᢝmឋoftheiropinions.Theresultsshowedthatthestrongerthepositiveemotionalreaction,themorelikelythatopinionremainedfixedonemonthlater.Inthefinaltest,participantsreadoneoftwomessagesaboutanimaginaryseaanimal.Onemessagecontainedbroad-rangingfactsabouttheanimal
low-emotioncondition.Theothermessagewasaboutaswimmer'sunderwaterinteractionwiththeanimal
high-emotioncondition.Theparticipantsinthehigh-emotionconditionshowedsignificantlylesschangeintheiropinionsacrosstime."Emotionalityisanunrecognizedpredictor
⚜opoflong-lastingopinions,saidAndrewLuttrell,aresearcheratBallStateUniversity."Thesefindingsareimportantforunderstandingwhysomeopinionsaresodifficulttochangeaswellashowtocreateopinionsthatstick.”8.Whatdidthesurveyof1000peopleshow?A.Creatinglong-lastingopinionswasalongprocess.B.Opinionsbasedonhardfactscouldstandthetestoftime.C.Theroleofemotionwasnotrecognizedbymostofthepeople.D.Onlyasmallpercentageofpeopledaredtoexpresstheiropinions.9.Whichstatementwillleadtoalong-lastingopinionaccordingtotheresearch?A.Thecarissafe.B.Themovieisboring.C.Thebookisvaluable.D.Thespeechisexciting.10.Whichistrueaboutthefindingsoftheresearch?A.Theyhavebeenconcludedfromhardfacts.B.Theyhavebeenusedtoproveotherpredictors.

14C.Theyhelpunderstandtheenduranceofopinions.D.Theyhavesomethingtodowithcreativeopinions.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.EmotionvariesbasedondifferentfactsB.EmotioncanhelpclarifytheopinionsC.OpinionscanlastwhenbasedonemotionD.Opinionsonceformedarehardtochange12.dᓅḕfgh2021-2022ᨴὃCoffeechainscreatealotofwaste,fromdisposabletakeawaycupstotheusedcoffeegroundsᕸᖹsthataresenttolandfills.Starbuckshasstartedtotryrecyclablealternativestothedisposablecups.Buttheusedcoffeeisoftenunnoticed.Theworlddrinksaround2billioncupsofcoffeeaday,producing6milliontonsofusedgroundseveryyear.Whentheygotolandfills,thegroundsreleasegreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,contributingtoglobalwarming.U.K.Bio-beanhasfoundawaytoturnthatwasteintovaluableresources.AtBio-bean,usedcoffeegroundsareprocessedtoremovepapercupsorplasticbags,andthenpassedthroughadryerandafurtherscreeningprocess.Theyarefinallyprocessedintothefuel,CoffeeLog."Coffeeishighlycalorificandlendsitselftobeingareallyfantasticfuel,"saysGeorgeMay,directorofBio-bean.''CoffeeLogbumsabout20%hotterand20%longerthanwoodlogsdo."Whilethefuelreleasesgreenhousegaseswhenburned,ifitreplacesothercarbon-basedfuels,Bio-beanestimatesthattherecyclingprocessreducesemissionsby80%comparedwithsendingthegroundstolandfills.Foundedin2013,Bio-beangrewrapidly,launchingcoffeecollectionservicesacrosstheU.K.andbuildingtheworld'sfirstcoffeerecyclingfactoryonlytwoyearslater.In2016,theylaunchedtheirfirstproduct,CoffeeLog,andin2019theirfirstnaturalflavoringredientintothefoodanddrinkindustry."We'vereallymanagedtosucceedwithourinnovationtubecausewe'vemanagedtogettoscale-theserviceofourcompanyisinlargerdemand.WhatstartedasagoodideaistodaytheU.K.'slargestrecyclingplantofcoffeegrounds.Weareturning7,000tonsofthosegroundsperyearintothefuel,"saysMay.''DespitebeingdelayedbytheCOVID-19,weplantoexpandouroperationintonorthwesternEuropewithinthenextfiveyears/*

1512.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphssuggest?A.It'snecessarytobancoffeeconsumption.B.Drinkingcoffeeisincreasinglypopulararoundtheworld.C.Measuresshouldbetakentorecyclecoffeewaste.D.Coffeegroundsaretheonlycauseofglobalwarming.13.WhatistheBio-bean*sCoffeeLog?A.AsolidfuelB.Anaturalfood.CAcupofhotcoffee.D.Atreetrunk.14.WhatdoweknowaboutBio-beanafteritwasfounded?A.Itisahigh-techcompanywithalonghistory.B.Itisapromisingrecyclingplantofcoffeegrounds.C.Itisstartedtoproducecoffeeandfuels.D.ItisdevelopingfasterthanStarbucks.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"gettoscale"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Measureaccurately.B.Coverawiderange.C.Classifydifferentresources.D.Gointomassproduction.13.dᓅḕfgh2021-2022ᨴὃMostpeoplecan'twaitforspringtoarrive.Itmeansflowersandwarmerweather,allwelcomechangesfromthedarkwinterdays.NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphereᓅvᳫthanitwasinthepast,thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Forexample,LosAngelesmayexperiencespringonlyadayearlierthanitdid10yearsago,butfurthernorth,inSeattleorChicago,springwillarrivefourdaysearlier.IfyoulivedintheArctic,springcouldarrive16daysearlierthanitusedto.Todeterminehowspringtimeisstartingearlier,researcherslookedattemperaturerecordsand743earlierstudiesover86years.Thesestudieswereaboutvariousbiologicalindicatorsofspring,includingbirdsmigrating,plantsfloweringandamphibiansx᪠&ᱥsoundingtheirmatingcalls.Researchersthenstudiedthesedatatoseeiftheywereoccurringearlier.Theresultshowedthatnotonlyisspringmakingitselfknownsoonerbutit'swarmer,too.

16Beforeyougooutinahappyspringtimehike,springarrivingsoonerisn'tsogood.Thelivelihoodofmigratorybirds,forinstance,maybeconcerned.“Thefoodthatbirdsrelyonwhentheymovetothenorthmightnotbereliableifthebeginningofspringatthesehigherlatitudes
zEisexpandedbyfuturewarming."saidEricPost.HeisafellowoftheJohnMuirInstituteandapolarecologist.AnimalsrelyingonArcticseaice,likepolarbears,probablyaren'tcrazyaboutthingswarmingupsooner,either,becauseitimpactsontheirabilitytohunt.Spring'searlyamvalcouldcausedisorderinthedelicatebalanceofvariousecosystemsJJnottomentionhowsoonyou'llneedtobuyallergymedicine.8.WelearnfromthestudypublishedinScientificReportsthat.A.springcomesearliestinLosAngelesBLosAngelesisfurthernorththanSeattleC.springcomes12daysearlierinArcticthaninChicagoD.thefurthernorthaplacelies,thesoonerspringcomesthanbefore9.Researchersmadethediscoverymainlyby.A.comparingrelateddataavailableB.conductingresearchandtestC.calculatingtheexactlengthofeachspringD.observinganimal'sbehaviorallyearround10.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsfocuson?A.Concernsoverspring'searlyarrival.B.Springtimeemergenceofcreatures.C.Earlyspringtime'simpactsonhumans.D.Disorderinthebalanceofecosystems.11.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwereadthistext?A.MedicalReport.B.SurvivalStories.C.ScientificDiscoveries.D.Naturalenvironment14.dᓅḕfgh2021-2022ᨴὃAstudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneral

17classes.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwars.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors-orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown—canbeprovidedbyart.Inshort,artexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented:thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFrancisoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay,1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentfbritsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso'sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera,JoseClementsOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueiros-aswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartinez-showedtheseMexicanartists1deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture'sreligiousbeliefs.FourhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.AlthoughmostpeoplecouldnTread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas
andstillisitsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamic{|ᐲᦟḄbeliefthatstatuesareunholyᙛḄḄ.12.Historybooksareobjectivebecause.A.opinionsaboutfactsarenotexpressedB.itwillmaketheviewersangryandsadabouthistoryC.itcanhelpusunderstandhistoricalfactsbetterD.personalandemotionalopinionsareexpressedthroughit13.ThetwopicturesTheThirdofMay,1808andGuernicamentionedinparagraph2showthat.A.artcanreflectpoliticallifeofacountryB.artistsareverysimilarevenoverahundredyearsC.artissubjective

18D.historybookspresentobjectiveinformation14.Inparagraph2,theunderlined"anothercontinent"refersto.A.EuropeB.MiddleEastC.MexicoD.America15.Thepassageismainlydiscussing.A.thedifferencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistoryB.whatwecanlearnfromartC.theinfluenceofartistsonarthistoryD.thedevelopmentofarthistory15.dᓅḕ2021-2022ὶὃToomuchstresscanmakeitmorelikelyforapersontogetsick,andsoscientistsaretryingtothinkofwaystokeeppeoplefrombeingoverlystressed.Inthisexperiment,scientistsstudiedtheeffectofmusiconstress.Scientistsaskedwomentoeitherlistentorelaxingmusic,naturesounds,ortonothing.Followingthemusicsession,theyhadthewomenstandinfrontofanaudienceandperformtwotasks.First,eachwomanhadtogiveaspeech.Second,eachwomanhadtodocomplexmathinherhead.ThesetwotasksmakeuptheTrierSocialStressTask,amethodscientistsuseasasure-firewaytomakepeoplefeelstressed.Scientistsknowthatthebodyrespondstostressbyreleasingcortisol2⏣,andsotheyusedittomeasurestress.ScientistscomparedcortisollevelsafterlisteningtomusicandatvarioustimesafterdoingtheTrierSocialStressTask.Thescientistsalsomeasuredanenzymecalledalpha-amylase.Alpha-amylaseisimportanttoyourbodyasitkillsunwantedbacteriaandithelpsbreakdownthefoodthatyoueat.Alpha-amylaseisalsoreleasedbythenervoussysteminresponsetostress.Thescientiststestedhowclassicalmusicandnaturesoundsaffectlevelsofcortisolandalpha-amylase.Thealpha-amylaselevelsofpeoplewholistenedtoclassicalmusicwentbacktonormalmorequicklycomparedtothepeoplelisteningtonaturesounds.Thepeoplelisteningtorelaxingmusicshowedastressresponsethatwasshortercomparedtotheothergroups.Theshorterresponsehelpstopreventthebodyfromgettingwornout.Thismeansthatlisteningtorelaxingmusicmighthelptoimprovethestressresponseandhealth.Theresultsofthisstudywereabitmixed.Scientistsstillhavealotofworktodotoseeiflisteningtomusiccanreducestressbyloweringcortisollevelsinthebody.Untilweknowmore,maybeplaysometunesorlistento

19somenaturesoundswhenyoufeelstressed.Evenifitdoesn'tdirectlyhelpyourstresslevel,it'sstillnicetohearagoodsong.12.Whyweretheparticipantsaskedtodomakespeechesanddomath?A.Toattractmoreaudience.B.Toletthemcreatemusic.C.Toexploretheirbrains.D.Togetthemstressed.13.Whatdidthescientistsdototheparticipants?A.Theybrokedownthefoodtheyate.B.Theymeasuredtheircortisollevels.C.Theyhelpedthemkillbodybacteria.D.Theycalmedthemdownwithmusic.14.Whatisafindingofthestudy?A.Classicalmusichelpstoprohibitalpha-amylase.B.Naturesoundspreventthebodygettingwornout.C.Relaxingmusichelpsthebodyclamdownfaster.D.Listeningtonaturesoundsgetscortisollevelshigher.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DoesListeningtoMusicReduceStress?B.WhatShouldWeDotoBecomeRelaxed?C.CanClassicalMusicBeatNatureSounds?D.WhyCanMusicInfluencePeople'sHealth?16.dᓅḕ2021-2022ὶὃAlmosteverymorningforthepasttwodecades,JulietthemacawᑄUhasbeenvisitingthelocalzooinRiodeJaneirotointeractwithothersofherkindthroughthemetalenclosure.Macawsaresocialbirds,sobeinglonelyisatoughburdentobearforJuliet,abeautifulblue-and-yellowmacawwhocallsRiohome.Noonereallyknowsmuchabouther.ZoostaffnamedthebirdJuliet,buttheydon'tevenknowifsheisactuallyfemale.Itrsreallyhardtotellwithmacaws,andtodeterminehertruegenderឋUtheywouldneedtocapturethebird,andeitherexaminehergonadsortakebloodorfeathersamples.Andthere'sreallynoneedtoputJulietthroughallthatstressjusttosatisfyhumancuriosity.Allthateveryoneknowsis

20thatJulietlovescomingtothezooeverymorningtobewithothersofherspecies.Macawshaveanaveragelifeexpectancyofabout35years,andJuliethasbeenaroundforatleasttwodecades.Yet,shehasneverhadamate,builtanestorhadchicks,andsheprobablyneverwill,becausethere*sjustnoonetodoitwith.Luckily,thereishopeforRio'sloneliestbird.ThroughRefauna,aninitiativewhichreintroducesspeciesintoprotectedareas,scientistswanttoraisesome20chicksthatwill,receivetrainingonwildfoodsources,aswellasenemiesandpowerlineavoidance,beforebeingreleasedintothewild.ThebirdswillbereleasedintoRiodeJaneiro'sgiantTijucaForestNationalPark,whereJulietisbelievedtospendhernights.Scientistshopethebirdswillhelpkeepbalanceinthelocaleco-system,bybreakingseedsthatotherbirdscan't,thusspreadingthoseseeds.ButtheywillalsobecomewelcomecompanyforJuliet,allowinghertoflywithothersofherkindforthefirsttimein20years.Andmaybeshe'llevenfindlove.8.WhatisthemostunbearableforJuliet?A.Huntingfood.B.Feathercolor.C.Interaction.D.Loneliness.9.WhydoesthezoostaffgiveupfindingoutJulietsrealgender?A.Theyhavedifficultycatchingher.B.Theyareunabletofindhergonads.C.Theyrefusetoputherunderpressure.D.Theyplantoraisevisitors1curiosity.10.WhatcanweknowaboutJuliet?A.Shehasbuiltabignest.B.She'snospringchicken.C.Shehatesfeedingchicks.D.She'sinlovewithabird.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.BenefitsforotherbirdsfromJuliet.B.Problemswiththecurrentecosystem.C.WhatJulietneedtosurvivethewild.D.ExpectationsforJulietafterrelease.17.ᓅḕf✌2021-2022ᨴὃArtiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowider

21society,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon'tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife-theartsareaperfectcrossoverbetweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation'sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople'swell-being.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.12.Artproductsdifferfrommostothercommercialproductsbecause.A.mostpeoplepurchasethemforcollectionB.theyaremoreexpensiveandlessaccessibleC.theyhavebothcommercialandculturalvaluesD.theirpricesmayclimbupastimepasses13.Bysharingtheirartsexperiences,communitymemberscan.A.keepthecommunitysafefromillnessesB.developastrongertiebetweenthemC.learntoappreciatetheirownworksofartD.offerhonourablesolutionstotheirproblems14.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeoplewhoareinvolvedinartisticactivities?

22A.Theyenjoybetterlivingconditions.B.Theyliketocomparethemselveswithothers.C.Theyareparticularlygoodatbothmusicandart.D.Theytendtobehealthierphysicallyandmentally.15.Howdoeskids'engagementwiththeartsbenefitthem?A.Itpromotestheiracademicperformanceandemotionalgrowth.B.Itgivesthemmoreconfidenceinexhibitingtheirlearningskills.C.Itinspirestheircreativityindesigningtheirfuturecareer.D.Ithelpstomakeresponsiblepeopleoutofthem18.
ᓅḕ2021-2022ᨴὃAnewstudy,publishedinTheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyfoundthatcommunicationinteractionsthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtyping,liketextmessagingoremail.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstogaugeconnectedness.Inone,theyasked200peopletomakepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenassignedpeopleatrandomtodooneortheother.Althoughpeopleanticipatedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone*svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.However,peoplewhoparticipatedintheexperimentreportedthattheydidformasignificantlystrongerbondwiththeiroldfriendonthephoneversusemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchershadstrangersconnectedbyeithertexting,talkingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicecommunication—whethervideooraudioonlymadethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheycommunicatedviatext.SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvardtrainedclinicalpsychologistbasedinNewYorkCity,sayspeopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseofconvenience,astheyseeitasacontiolledformofcommunicationwheretheycan"correspondinformationexactlyinthewaytheyintendwithoutunexpectedadditionsbytheotherperson.'1Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsideringtheneteffectsofthemessage.Eachpartyismorepresent,andtherefore,abletogaugethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutruminatingontheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuation.

238.Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A.Toencouragepeopletolettheirfingersdothetalking.B.Tointroducetheeffectsofverbalandnon-verbalcommunications.C.Todemonstratethestrengthsandweaknessesofmakingphonecalls.D.Tocompareconnectednessofcommunicationthroughvoiceandtyping.9.Whichwaywillmakeyoufeelmoreconnectedifyoumissafriendfaraway?A.Typingaletter.B.Sendinganemail.C.Havingavideochat.D.Textingamessage.10.Whatdoes"acontrolledformofcommunication"refertoinParagraph4?A.Awaytotalkaboutcontrolledtopics.B.Awaytocommunicatewithouttimelimit.C.Awaytoexplainsomethingwithoutdelay.D.Awaytoexpressthoughtswithoutbeingdisturbed.11.Whatadvantagedoesmakingphonecallsovertexting?A.Beingmoreformal.B.Beinglessawkward.C.Beingmorestraightforward.D.Beinglessexpensive19.ᓅḕ2021-2022ᨴὃAnestimated5.7millionpeopleintheU.S.haveAlzheimefsdisease.Themostcommontypeofdementiaᕆ-andthatnumberisexpectedtomorethandoubleby2050.Earlydiagnosisisfundamentalforpatientstobenefitfromthefewtherapiesavailable.Butnoscanscandeliveraconclusivediagnosiswhileapersonisalive;insteaddoctorshavetoconductnumerousandcomplicatedclinicalandneuropsychologicaltests.SothereisgrowinginterestindevelopingartificialintelligencetoidentifyAlzheimer'sbasedonbrainimaging.ResearchersattheUniversityofCaliformia,SanFranciscohavenowsuccessfullytrainedanAIalgorithmtorecognizeoneoftheearlysignsofAlzheimefs-areductioninthebrain'sglucoseℍ⃔consumption-inpositronemissiontomography
petimaging.ThealgorithmaccuratelypredictedaneventualAlzheimer'sdiagnosisinnearlyallthetestcases,daccordingtothestudy.InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivecompoundareinjectedintothebody,producingthree-dimensional-imagesofmetabolismu▰¡¢circulationandothercellularactivities.PETiswellsuitedforanAldiagnostictoolbecauseAlzheimer'sleadstosubtlechangesintheoadObrain'smetabolismthatbeginyears

24beforeneuraltissuestartstogodownhill,saysstudyco-authorJaeHoSohn,aradiologistatUCSF.Thesechangesare'"veryhardforradiologiststopickup."henotes.Thealgorithmwastrainedandtestedon2,100PETbrainimagesfromabout1,000people55yearsandolder.Theimagescamefroma12-yearstudythattrackedpeoplewhowereboundtobediagnosedwithAlzheimefs,aswellasthosewithmildmemorydeclinesandhealthycontrolparticipants.Thealgorithmwastrainedon90percentofthedataandtestedontheremaining10percent.Itwasthenretestedonasecond,independentdatasetfrom40patientsmonitoredfor10years.Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer'ssixyearslater,onaverage.ThefindingswerepublishedinFebruaryinRadiology.Thealgorithmisbasedon"deeplearning,amachine-learningtechniquethatusesartificialneuralnetworksprogrammedtolearnfromexamples.MThisisoneofthefirstpromising,initialapplicationsofdeeplearningtothediagnosisofAlzheimer's,"saysChristianSalvatore,aphysicistatItaly'sNationalResearchCouncil,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Themodelperformsverywellwhenidentifyingpatientswithmildorlatediagnoses",hesays,"butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield.'*12.PeopleareincreasinglyinterestedinusingtoidentifyAlzheimer'sbecause.A.thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromdementiaismorethandoublingB.thereareonlyalimitednumberofeffectivetherapiesforthepatientsC.diagnosingAlzheimer'sdiseasethroughAlisstillanunexploredareaD.diagnosticmethodsthatarebothreliableandconvenientareinneed13.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnAIDiagnosticToolB.AlzheimersAlC.PETImagingD.ArtificialNeuralNetworks14.AccordingtoParagraph4,.A.90%ofthepeopleinthestudyweretrainedonthealgorithmB.thealgorithmmanagedtorecognizeallthepatientsinthesecondtestgroupC.81%ofthepeopleinthefirsttestgroupwerediagnosedwithAlzheimefsD.theparticipantsinthestudyconsistofpeoplebothyoungandold

2515.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?A.ThealgorithmservesasapromisingtreatmentofAlzheimefs.B.DeeplearninghasbeenwidelyappliedindiagnosingAlzheimer's.C.WhethertousethemodeltodetectAlzheimer'sremainsacriticalissue.D.TodetectAlzheimer'sinitsearlieststagescallsformoreexploration.

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