userfilesfiles四级英语阅读技巧(学生版)

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15Acomputerisamachinedesignedtoperformworkmathemati-callyandtostoreandselectthathasbeenfedintoit.“tostoreandselect”WḄ+²ᡃ^&᪷./computer&¸tostoreandselectU¹vḄ´ᱯºᩭbc⚜---information,data,program,instruction(½ᦻinformation)¾஺2ஹᡃ^&ᑭᵨᡃ^Ḅª¤¥᪷⚪.ᩭ⚜23ḄᜧᑁO஺F᝞☢U.V}2ḄÀ}.¶Formoststudentsthetransitionfromhighschooltocollege-levelclassesisashock.U}.VḄᐵÂ+shock,SÃU}2kÄÅshock}+ÆÇLᐹÉᑁOÊËÌ&Í!⚜ᑮḄ——ÏÏdescribetheshock,ÐÑÒwhyitisshock,ᡈÒÓhowtodefeattheshock?U}2ḄÀ.¶Ittakessomefreshmanmanymonthstoadapttothelectureandnote-takingsystem.U}.ÔÕᡃ^whyitisashock------STÖ^⌕adapttothesystemo×l}.k᝞ØÙÆᕖÛYhowtoadapt,ᡈὅwhatisthelectureandnote-takingsystemoᩭU}2ܹÝ.À}¹Ý.ḄÇᜮ¶Preparationforthischange...ᦻß)ᑮUàPJK⚜ᑮ☢Ḅ./ÄÅḼhowtoadaptᩭÆÇḄUt#2Ḅjâᓽhowtodefeattheshock(bypreparation)o☢ãä᦮ᙢ)U}2¶Formoststudentsthetransitionfromhighschooltocollege-levelclassesisashock.Ittakessomefreshmanmanymonthstoadapttothelectureandnote-takingsystem.Preparationforthischangegivesthestudentconfidenceandcompetencefromthebeginningandmakeshimaneffectiveandattentivelistener.Listeningskillscanbedevelopedand

16note-takingtechniquelearned;togethertheybringordertotheconfusionfrequentlyexperiencedbynewfreshmen.3ஹᡃ^Ð&ᑭᵨ+ᡈ᪷ËᦻᑁOᔠª¤¥ᩭ⚜ᦻḄᜧᑁO./ᡈ.-஺☢Ḅ«.Vå}2jæᩭḄ¶RobertHooke'sworkinsciencewasvariedandimportantthroughthe1700sinEngland.InfirstplaceheservedastheheadoftheRoyalSociety,.......Hewasalsoawell-knownarchitect........OfallHooke'sgiftstohumanbeing,however,themostimportantwashiswonresearchinscience........)äÀ}.Pçèéêᙢ⚜ᑮ#2⌕ëHookeìcont-ributiontoscience<>o)ᑮÀ.VḄÇᜮP&⚜ᑮÜí☢ᑁO¶ᐸ}U}21e⌕ëÜí☢ḄᑁOåInthefirstplaceᩭᑨð4ᐸÀ.WḄ.ñÄÅHookeTheadḄᵨÆÇE⁚óᑖ஺o)ᑮjs+also⊤m#.ö÷Ḅø}¹¾µ⌕Ḅ
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20Althoughtherearemanywaystorelieve@ABCtheenergyproblemsinLatinAmerica,onefindsinmanyofthecountriestryingtochoosetheproperwaysamaze@DEḄᚮCofconflicting,deep-rootedintereststhatleadstocompletefailureintheareaofenergypolicy,andeventoabsurdresults..findsḄGHamaze,ᐰḄ⌕ᡂᑖonefindsamaze஺5ஹᙠ⍗ᑮ8ஹ+*⌕M3ᙠ〉OḄᙢPQ஺Atthesametimethatcommercialloansarebecominghardtogetbythedevelopingnation'sownfundinghasbeendestroyedbysharpdecreaseincommodityprices.RthatHtimeḄgetby⌕thedevelopingnationQ%஺Ḅ⌕ᡂᑖatthesametimethedevelopingnation'sownfundinghasbeendestroyedo@CSᵨUVWXYZ[᧕⌼ᡂᳮB_Ḅ┯abcd*⌕efgh⌕ᨵijḄklm

21nop᝞rVW⚪tuvwᦻpᨵXyz{Ḅ⌕|w}.⌕|~ᦻpḄ⚪tu(MainIdea),ᨵ⚪tuḄ~wḄ⚪(TopicSentence)஺w.ᐸḄ⚪tu%ḄᡈὅBஹᥛ⚪tuḄ⁚ᑁ[ᓽᥛ⁚(SupportingDetails),w.᪗w}(᪀)ᡈᑁ[Ḅᡈ~(SignalWords)஺ᦻp᝞cᡠXḄ¡Ḅᥛ⁚¢¢£w}Ḅ¤ᩭ᡽ᐸ⚪tuḄ஺&Bᦻp⚪¦§ᢕ©w}.ªᙠ«¬_®ᳮBᦻp¯°▅7§9Ḅ±Ạ஺(-)ᨵ⚪Ḅw}⚪ᙠw}.Ḅ´µ¶¢ᨵ1ஹw✌⚪ᨬ¢¹ºḄ´µ᝞>☢Ḅw}Apopsingerhastoworkveryhardtobecomepopular.Hemusteithergivethepublicwhattheyalreadywant,orhemustfindanewwayofsingingthatwillattracttheirattention.Evenwhenhehassucceeded,andhisrecordsaresoldeverywhere,hecannotrelax.Thenhemustworkharderthanevertoremainpopular,becausetherearealwaysyoungersingerstryingtobecomefamousandtostealsomeofthepopularity.wḄ⚪tu»¼ᵫ⚪ᓽn⊤¿¹ᩭᐸᐹÁÂpopsingerÃÄworkhardḄÅb஺2ஹwÆ⚪¶¢¹ºḄ´µÇ᝞>☢Ḅw}Ifthewindbecomesgustyafteraperiodofcalm,youshouldseekshelter.Theskyneedscarefulwatching,too.Gradualdarkeningandcloudsshouldquickenyourpace.Lightningandthunderarecommonenoughstormindicators,butfewpeoplerealizethatthelightningisnotnearlyasimportantasthenumberoflightningflashes.Indeed,thesignsofanoncomingstormaremany,andaperson'slifemaydependonhis

22abilitytointerpretthem.wḄ⚪HᨬÈ@ÈÉÊËÌὅḄᑏÌÎḄC஺efᨵ*⚪ᜐᙠ᎔ᦪnÒḄ´µ_ᨬÈHÓ¼>wḄÔÕ஺3ஹw.ᨵ*ÌὅᵨÖº×ᐭwḄ⚪ᯠȹº⚪஺×ᐭ⚪Ḅ%ᜮÛHÜÝ@introductorysentence,ÜÝ
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wÆᨵ*Ìὅᙠn.çè¹&⚪tuéᙠwÆêäw}.ªëìᭆîw✌⚪ïðñ஺Thegoodlistener,inordertoachievethepurposeofacquiringinformation,iscarefultofollowspecificstepstoachieveaccurateunderstanding.First,wheneverpossiblethegoodlistenerpreparesinadvanceforthespeechorlectureheorsheisgoingtoattend.Heorshestudiesthetopictobediscussedandfindsoutaboutthespeakerandhisorherbeliefs.Second,onarrivingattheplacewherethespeechistobegiven,heorshechoosesaseatwhereseeing,hearingandremainingalertareeasy.Finally,whenthespeechisover,heorshereviewswhatwassaidandreactstoandevaluatestheideasexpressed.Effectivelisteningis

23anactiveprocessinwhichalistenerdeliberatelytakescertainactionstoensurethataccuratecommunicationhasoccurred.wḄᙠÜÝ&òstepsÇÈᨬÈëì&ᭆî஺@ÒCó⚪Ḅw}ᡃ<ᡠ7Ḅᜧᑖᦻpᨵ⚪éᨵ*3⍗ᑮõᨵ⚪Ḅw}*~◤⌕᪷ø⁚ᑁ[ùúᭆî஺Forsomepeople,carryingonthefamilynameisimportant.Otherswantachildforitsloveortopreventlonelinessinoldage.Andmanyofushavechildrenbecausewewanttogivethemopportunitiesthatweneverhadortotreatthemaswewishwehadbeentreated.Stillsomeotherindividualshaveachildinordertoholdtheirmarriagetogether.wḄ⚪tuûüYᭆîᓽ"Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplehavechildrenvo@Cᐵþᥛ⁚ᙠw}RÃÄᨵ⁚ᩭÂஹBஹᥛ⚪tuḄ⁚஺ᙠò⁚.»¼ÿ
⚪Ḅ⌕⁚ᐵᥛ⁚keysupportingdetailsᐸ⁚⌕Ḅᵨᩭ!"#$ஹ&'ᐵᥛ⁚Ḅ஺)▭+⚪,ᐵᥛ⁚-./0Ḅ12஺345ᑁ7ᩭ8!9/0ᨵ;9<=mainidea-----keysupportingdetails-------supportingdetailsoᙠ▅ABCDᡃFḄGHI,▅AJK-LM᪷OP;9<ᩭᑜᑖ஺ᡃFᐜᩭ8T☢P/ᦻW=Therearemanymistakenbeliefsaboutsleepwalkers.Oneofthemostcommonistheideathatitisdangerousorevenfataltowakeasleepwalkersuddenly.Expertssaythattheshocksufferedbyasleepwalkersuddenlyawakenedisnogreaterthanthatsufferedinwaking

24uptothenoiseofanalarmclock.Anothermistakenbeliefisthatsleepwalkersarefreefrominjury.Actuallymostsleepwalkerstripoverrugsorbumptheirheadsonadooratonetimeoranother.PXᑜYZᑖᓽᐵᥛ⁚஺\ᑭᵨ^_`^_`a᪗c/0def᪀ᡈᑁ7ḄYi`ᡈ`jkᑖlm——ᑁ7^_`,f᪀^_`஺P!W⌕ᑡpᵨḄᑁ7^_`f᪀^_`qᙠT!Wrp஺LMGHḄst^_`uᑁ7^_`-f᪀^_`஺ᑁ7^_`ᑖ;v=!ஹ᪗c⌕^wḄ^_`=first,second,third,next,also,one,another,then,primarily,secondarilyxஹ᪗cyzᓄ|ᢚḄ^_`=however,onthecontrary,although,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,incontrast;ஹ᪗c~ᐵḄ^_`=also,similarly,furthermore,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,moreoverP^_`ksᙢ&/0Dᔜ⁚Ḅᐵ1▅AJK஺

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26NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal-clearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andaboveall,theinsects.1).Thefirstparagraphtellsustheauthor.A)wasinterestedinflowersandinsectsinhischildhoodB)losthishearingwhenhewasachildC)didn'tlikehisbrothersandsistersD)wasborntoanaturalist,sfamily2).Theauthorcan'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause.A)hedidn'tliveverylongwiththemB)thefamilywasextremelylargeC)hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththemD)hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature!/Ḅ!×àD¦×ᐸá×Ó(ᒹäx/)²ÑË#$34l⍝⚪ḄæᫀᑖA),D)஺(x)3e(causeandeffect)3e/0▊$éᱥ«¬Ḅ3ᐵÖᨵ3ᐵë½!¥ᯠḄ஺ᨵaὅë½ᵨ^_`P.◤⌕AὅGHᑨÛ×Ó«¬Ḅíîᐵᨵ!9fᨵï9ð3ᨵ!9ð3ñòï9fᨵð3ᙠÔᨵfᙠÔᨵóᙠḼ3õᓽ=ð31!!f1(öð3)——f2……஺34ᙠ▅A3e/0✌ᐜ⌕ᢕù⚪×/0D¦ᐸ⌕GH×Ó«¬Ḅíîᐵú

273ûᳮBC஺3e/0Ḅ^_`ᨵ=for,because,therefore,dueto,asaresult,consequently,hence,forthisreason,thatiswhy,onaccountof,since,owingto,leadtoÜ஺T☢ᡃFᐜ8!9ËÓ=(1)IwonderwhyAmericantownslooksomuchalikethatIsometimesmixthemupinmymemory.(2)Thereferencetotheinfluenceofmassproduction,thesamefive-and-tencentstores,thechainstores,themovies,isnotsufficient.(3)IfyoustaytwodaysinBolognaandinFerrara,youwillnevermixthemupinallyourlife.(4)ButitmaywellhappenthatafteryouspendtwodaysinSan.LouisandinKansasCitytheimagesofthesetownssoonmergeintoone.(5)Ithinktherealreasonforthisisthatthesetownshavenotyethadtimeenoughtoindividualizeandtocrystallizevisiblelocaltraditionsoftheirown.(6)Childrenaremuchlessdifferentfromeachotherthangrownpeople.Á/Ḅ!×à$P!/Ḅ⚪ᓽ⌕#$Americantownslooksomuchalike(f)Ḅð3஺x×àᢣpýþÿ
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28individualize.ᡃFGH
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31rewarding.Question:Inthispassage,goodwritingiscomparedtofinefoodbecauseA)bothwritersandcookshavetoworklonghourseverydayB)bothareessentialtolifeC)bothwritersandcookscanearnagoodlivingD)bothareenjoyableᦻ´
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32varietyofsportsandspecialtymodels.Forthe“youngatheart”-middle-aged,middle-classpeople,thereisawiderangeofbig,smoothcarsavailablewithallsortsofequipment.Andfinally,forthetrulywealthy,thereisaselectgroupofluxurycars.Onthebasisofjustthesefourcategories,itcanbesaidthatthecarindustryrepresentswelltheseller'sslogan,“Youpayyourmoney,andyoutakeyourchoice.v
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