临床执业医师《外科学》历年考点

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1411.ìíG⊈GîÌÍï஺⊤ñòkóᜫᐰÑô⊈8ḄA.10%B.15%C.20%D.25%E.30%'ᫀ)C12.ᐵÂញឋᜫ⊈RὅḄ⊈Tõö÷ÖA.ᵨø8Ḅᐰ⊈⊡ᐙᡠúûḄᜫ⊈8B.ᙠᨔ&5ஹe&5᡽hḄoẠqT〉sᐰ⊈C.ᙠᨔ&5ஹe&5᡽hḄoẠqTᔠᳮ⊈iÁ⌕nD.ᐜs⊈⊡ᐙ⊈h8Tsÿ
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20D.!ᱥE.xᵨ᡽⊈%ᱥ@ᫀBBC⚪EF:ᶭ67ᨬᨵᦔḄ~+⊡ᐙ⊈gh஺4.᝕85vᜧhᕏ⊈ஹ〈ᩭញV஺ᨵ!.ᾭᓄ஺¡ᓽ£⊈ஹ⊡¤¥ixḄ¦⊈~஺jwHὅᢣ¨¤©ᐭh¥£ᐭ«<ᨬᨵ¬Ḅ®ὃᢣ᪗2A.!☟ᾭB.ᾢ☟ᾭC.⊈D.!᳛E.±h@ᫀBAC⚪EFB!☟ᾭ8⊤²³!´ᡈ¶Ὶ¸Ὶ☟ᾭᑁºḄbᓄ,ᙠ½᧜ᐰ¿⊈gh¥!cdÀ1Á☢Âᾭ⌕ÄHὅÅÆᜧh£⊈⊡¤Ç᧕ÉÊ\]ËÌ₹vwA2ᨬ〉ᔠḄ⌱⚗஺5.ᶭ᜜ÓM⊈ghឋ67ḄÔW~2⊡ᐙ⊈ghTÕÖ✌⌱A.Ø⊝ÚÛ¤B.10%ℍ⃔ÞÛ¤C.³ßÞàD.5%á⏚âãE.ᐰ⊈

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22E.>2400mlᫀCG⚪IJKLὅN⊤OPQRᜫ⊈ETQ20%40%,UV⌱XC஺[NextPage]9.RY☟ᾭ/[\]ᾭ/ᙠ_`bc᧜A.eYfghᐰᡈ⊈kElmnoB.pῚᑁ/stC.eYfghᐰᡈkElmhuD.☟ᾭvY⊈EstE.kE⊈wnᦈyᫀE10.z{Rᨬ`ᵨḄ⚗~A.YᢣᦪB.⊈ᑖ᪆C.]ᾭᬪ/D.RY☟ᾭ/E.Y᣸DEᫀD11.ᡂ)☢60%,7#ᐭ▾ᔩᖹᜮᢙᳮ1000ml,ᨵTὃ⇋QA.0ឋ

23B.¢£ឋC.Y¤ឋD,¥⊈kEឋE.R¦ឋᫀDG⚪IJᜧ☢)¨©ªᜫno«¬¥⊈kEᔩᖹ«®0ឋ¯°#±²³Tᵨᢙᨚhὃ⇋¢£ឋµ⊡ᳮ1000ml,·⊡ᐙE¹¹hu஺12.᝕,22,ῳ»¼⚣¾ᕏᔢ3ᜩÂÃ᫱Åᦈᐭ▾,⊈Na+133mmol/L,⊈K+3mmol/L,HCO-38mmol/L,BP80/60mmHg,ÆᶭT✌ᐜÊËA.Ì_⏚R¦B.Ì_¥⊈ÎC.Ì_¥⊈ÏD.ញOÑÒÓ◀Ã᫱ÅE.Ì_¥⊈kEᫀEG⚪IJLὅ⚣¾ᕏᔢ⊈/¥ᾭ/Õὃ⇋⊈kEhuT✌ᐜÌ_¥⊈kE஺13.Q¢£ឋ°Ö×Ì_⊈kEhu#Øᑡᔜ©¨R✌⌱ḄA.ÂÛ⊝Ý©QÞᔠ〉E⊈áᐰ⊈

24B.Ââ¨Ý©QC.ãäᳮtå⊈áD.ℍ⃔èÝ©tå⊈áE.ᐰ⊈Þᔠℍ⃔èᫀA14.ᐵꢣឋ°TᵨèëìíḄî.Kïðñh_òḄA.èëìí«ÂóôõÝ⏘¨÷øB.ᜧᑺEèëìímY¯ᢵ_ឋûüýC.〉þTᵨèëìí«Â®ᔠÿD.
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25ᵱឋ830d8efghῳjgk8h6ஹ7ஹ8lmmᢚ8oẚqஹrẚq஺ᐭ▾3vwxy஺T38.5࠷,☢⁐}~88ᾭ8110/ᑖ8⊈130/100mmHg,T]஺16."#Ḅ!᝱A.!B.-!C.!D.ᨨ!E.!ᫀA⚪ὅ⊈8☢⁐}~88ᾭ,T]ὃ⇋!஺17.¡.>¢£¤¥Ḅ¦§1A.⊈¨©B.ῳῚ«¬C.☟ᾭ(®⌼°D.-±☟ᾭ²³E.²³´µᓄ¶·ᔠ¸ᫀC⚪!¹AஹBஹDஹEᙳញ⌕¤¥Ḅ¦§8»¼⌱¾C஺18.✌ᐜὃ⇋Ḅ=ᶭ+,A.☟ᾭÁÂ⊈BᦈDEᱥ

26B.ÃᓽᒈῳƧC.Ç⊡ᐙ⊈7D.ᜧᑺᵨᢙËE.ÌÂᑭTᑺᦋᗐ(ÏÐᫀC⚪Ñk¹ᜐ!8✌ᐜḄᜐᳮ⊡ᐙ⊈7஺1920⚪ᐳᵨᜓ⌱ᫀbA.⊈7.ÕB.±ÏÐ.ᐰ8⊈7/¨C.±ÏÐ.ᐰᡈ⊈7ØGÙÚD.7⊈BÙᦈD.E.±ÏÐ.ᐰᡈ⊈7.Õ19.-±☟ᾭ58⊈5ᫀA20.-±☟ᾭÛ8⊈5ᫀC[NextPage]21.!"#-±☟ᾭ5cmH2O,⊈80/65mmHg,ᜐᳮÜᑣA.〉ß⊡UB.ᵨà±EᱥC.ᵨ᡽⊈BED.⊡Uâ

27E.ᐙᑖ⊡UᫀD22.ᵱឋ,40d,ῳãஹäå48N38⊈80/60mmHg,wæçè,☢⁐}~8éê8ᐰῳëxy8rìíîᜫ8ðñA.5⊈7ឋ!B.òóឋ!C.wôõឋ!D.±õឋ!E.Ùöឋ!ᫀB⚪ὅ⊈58☢⁐}~8éê8ὃ⇋!8÷᪷ᐰῳëxyῳùúûü8ὃ⇋òóឋ!஺2324⚪ᐳᵨ⚪abᵱឋ835d8ýþÿ
437.5C,ᾭ⊈60/40mmHg,ᐰῳ஺23.✌ᐜὃ⇋Ḅ#$%A.&'ឋ)*B.+,ឋ)*C.-./⊈01ឋ)*D.2./⊈01ឋ)*E.34ឋ)*5ᫀ7D

288⚪:;7✌ᐜ᪷=᜜?@ῳABCὃ⇋DEẚGH᪷=ᾭ⊈IJὃ⇋D/⊈01ឋ)*H᪷=⊈60/40mmHg,KLM#$D2./⊈01ឋ)*஺24.✌⌱ḄOᶭQR%A.☟ᾭᵨUVWᱥB.Yᓽ[\OᶭC.]^⊡ᐙa⊝cdeD.ᑭᑺᦋᗐjklE.mᵨᢙop5ᫀ7C8⚪:;7/⊈01)*✌ᐜḄOᶭD]^⊡ᐙ⊈01qr⌱C஺stuvᘤxklyᐰzᔠCூὃ}⌕௃1.ᭆ7জᭆ;ঝẠᑴ;ঞ⊤#$;ট⚜■ᑣ஺2.ញឋjkl⊦7জq;ঝ⊤;ঞOᶭᑣ஺3.mឋ7জẠᑴ;ঝ⊤;ঞOᶭ஺4.ញឋ⊦7জẠ;ঝ⊤#$;ঞ⚜■Oᶭ஺ூὃ:¡௃1•vᘤxklyᐰzᔠCḄᭆq஺2.᝞¤■¥ovᘤxklyᐰzᔠC஺3.ញឋj⊦ᑖ§7ᑖDj¨ឋஹjឋjªឋ«¬஺4.®¯⌕°±qD²³⊈´஺ᐸ¶ஹᵯ¸¹⏚»a⊝ᜫ½Ḅ

29ᱯ:%¿À஺5.v®¯⌕°±qD/³⊈´+,஺6.ÁÂARF®v®ḄOᶭ2:஺7.᝞¤ᜐᳮ²³⊈´஺8.ញឋkl⊦Ḅq஺9.ញឋkl⊦Ḅ#$Å=஺10.mឋḄqOᶭᑣ஺ூᔊÇὃ⚪:È௃1.ARDSᐳÊឋᳮËᓄᨵA.Î⍝ÐÑB.ÒÓ+,C.ÒyÔD,ញឋVÕ⊦E.Ò⊈ÖᑁØÒÙÚÛÒܹ¶Ý5ᫀ7E24⚪ᐳᵨ⚪Þßᵱឋ35áâã☢å70%,111°â60%,ᙠ▾᜜.3)*®,é☢ᨵ+,ª4ᜩᐭ▾ì2ᜩᩭῳîஹïðñò?஺2.óôõ✌ᐜmö÷A.⊈B.ᜧùú⊈C.⊈ûü

30D.ýþåE.ÿ⊈⏘ᫀB⚪ᜧ☢ῳஹᑮឋ✌ᐜ#ᜧ$%⊈&'()*ᓄ⍝-⊈஺3.01*ᓄ⍝-⊈234)5'(6789:<⌱ᵨᨬ@A#BCDA.EᓝGᢣI⚞⚶A#B.LMENA#C.⌱OឋPᾭ⌼SA#D.CTA#E.MRIA#ᫀB⚪ឋᵨENA#T3'67஺4.ᙠ'(VW✌ᐜXYḄ[ᶭDA.]^_ᶭCB.^_`ᔠb⊈C.cdefᑗWhEiᑗ◀D.Eᜧkᑗ◀E.lmn☢ᑗopq_ᫀA⚪ឋḄ[ᶭ✌ᐜ⌱O]^_ᶭC]^_[ᶭrᦔ

31tὃ⇋^_ᶭC஺[NextPage]5.ញឋxyz⊦|}~ᡈr~ḄDA.⊈┛⊈B.⊈C.⊈D.╅⊈E.⊈ᫀE6.᝕45ᦑᢚ2ᜩ஺ᐸ24~200ml,¡ᑡᓄ£¤¥¦§ᔠញឋxyz⊦|ḄDA.⊈5mmol/LB.~©ª14.2mmol/LC.⊈╅1.4mmol/LD.⊈0.89mmol/L,⊈┛2.96mmol/LE.⊈«¬106mmol/LᫀD⚪ញឋញឋxyz⊦|®-¯°±²ᱥ´⊈~©ªஹ¬⏥ᓣ·T-¯ஹ╅ஹஹ┛⊈D¦§ᔠញឋxyz⊦|஺7.ᐵ¹ឋ¦º(ḄDA.»¼½¹E¾T¿:ÀÁ

32B.¦®ÂÃEÄᐰÆC.ᨬ'ÇḄÈDᕏ⊈ஹÊË᪵$D.T¼½ᜧ-⊈E.T¼½¹ᓝGᢣIᫀB8.ᙠ¡ᑡᨵÎ6ÏẠ1ÑÒញឋÓÔÕ᧕¼½MODS,¦ᒹØA.᠒ឋx6B.ÚÛឋᐵ⁚ÝC.Þ~6D.ßàᓄE.áâ6ᫀB9.⚜■MODSḄÏå⌕ç┯éḄDA.êëV[ញêḄ᦮íîïB.êë6ðñòóᔾC.■[lmD.᩽ᦋᗐᐰøÈ᝱E.:ú[ᶭûüý¼Ḅ»þê⌕ᘤḄᫀE10.ᵱឋ42ញឋ36ᢙᶭ!"ᐸᕜ%&'()*◀ஹῳῚ/01஺13᳛1065/ᑖ⊈996/60mmHg(12.8/8kPa),:3☟ᾭ910cmH2O(9.8kPa)஺=ᔾ⚣᳛225/

33ᑖ@ᾭ⊈Aᑖ966mmHg(11.5kPa),BC10ml/h,BD1.002஺EFGHIᨬKញḄLA.3MᐰB.O⊦QC.R⊦QD.⊈SCMTE.UᑁᢙᑭBXYᑖZ[\ᫀC]⚪_`ὅbBcBDdef⊈9ghiEὃ⇋lR⊦Q஺[NextPage]11.ᵱ60ញឋR⊦QFG⊈m5.6mmol/L,nᑡᶭpqᨵsᑣឋ┯vḄLA.10%wᓄm20ml☟ᾭyzB.{|}~᪛ᾦ15g,35C.⏣5g,2{|5D.5%⏚}100ml,᠒☟ᾭyzE.25%ℍ⃔Y(35U)200mL᠒☟ᾭyzᫀA]⚪_`ὅHIm⊈iEἭ⊡m஺12.45᝕ឋᢚ24BC

34200ml⊈m5.9mmol/L,Aᓄᔠ¢13mmol/L,⊈BY£27mmol/L,nᑡᶭpqMg¤ḄLA.10%ℍ⃔⏚┛20ml,᠒☟ᾭz¦B.11.2%§⏚}60mI,᠒☟ᾭz¦C.{|}~᪛ᾦ10g,35D.⊈¨᪆E.ª«~¬⊈200mlᫀE]⚪_`ὅHIlញឋR⊦Qm⊈iEἭª®mf¬⊈ᡂᑖ®mCᡠ±┯vḄᶭpqlE஺13.ᵱ65ញឋᐭ▾\ᘤMᐰµᔠ¶ᑖ᪆ᐸ·¸ᑴMº»⌕½¾i¿ḄLA.ÀÁi¿B.ឋÂÃC.·Äi¿D.ᐰÅឋÆÇE.()È⊈-ÊËz[ÌᫀC]⚪_`¸UÍᑮḄ½¾i¿ÏÐ;·ᒓÓḄ■ÕឋÆÇÖ☢ØÙÚÛÜÅḄÝᵨßÖ☢àØÙ½¾ÜÅḄÝᵨÖ☢LᢣU:ᜧCÀÁi¿ஹÂÃãᐸäFᳮឋæᱥèÀÁ()Ùᔜê½¾ÝᵨØëìᘤí@MODS஺ᔜêញឋFᨵᐳ«

35ḄFᳮ·ᳮïᓄᓽ()È⊈-ÊËz[Ì"ñᡈóᐰÅឋÆÇ஺14.᝕70஺iញῳᐭ▾ញᦗ[Ì:ᐜbBஹOö÷ஹ=ᔾøùஹúṑüýþᓄ⍝⊈A.DICB.ARFC.MODSD.ARDSE.CurlingᫀC⚪ញឋ⊦Ḅ⊤ஹᔾ"#ញឋ$%⊦,'ᓄ⍝⊈ὃ⇋,ឋ-./ᘤ1234ᐰ6ᔠ8஺15.ញឋ23⊦<=>?ᡈA?BCḄDEF-GA.HBCB.⏚BCC.JKL▲ᑴᐭPD.QᑁᑁST/E.ᢙᑭ,WXYᫀ;D[\]/ᘤ1234ᐰ6ᔠ8ூὃ_⌕a௃1.ᭆdজᭆf;ঝh=iẠklᑴ;ঞno⊤p;ট⚜■Fᑣ஺2.ញឋ23⊦<জ=-;ঝno⊤;ঞuᶭFᑣ஺3.,ឋজh=iẠklᑴ;ঝno⊤;ঞuᶭ஺

364.ញឋw⊦<জh=iẠ;ঝno⊤k;ঞ⚜■puᶭ஺ூὃxy௃1•/ᘤ1234ᐰ6ᔠ8Ḅᭆfp=-஺2.᝞|■}hS/ᘤ1234ᐰ6ᔠ8஺3.ញឋ⊦ᑖᑖឋஹឋpឋ஺4.?⌕F-⊈஺ᐸஹᵯp⏚⊝ᜫḄᱯG஺5./?⌕F-⊈p஺6.ARF?p/?Ḅuᶭ஺7.᝞|ᜐᳮ⊈஺8.ញឋw23⊦<Ḅ=-஺9.ញឋw23⊦<Ḅ஺10.,ឋḄ=-puᶭFᑣ஺ூᔊὃ⚪¡௃1.ARDSᐳ£ឋ=ᳮ¤ᓄᨵA.¦⍝§¨B.©C.4ªD.ញឋ%«⊦

37ᵱឋ35¶·¸¹☢»70%,111°·¸60%,ᙠ▾᜜¿TÀÁ?Â☢ᨵ¸4ᜩᐭ▾Ä2ᜩᩭῳÇஹÈÉÊËA=Ì஺2.ÍÎ=>✌ᐜÑÒA.⊈ÓB.ᜧÕÖ⊈C.⊈D×D.ØÙÚÓ»E.Û⊈⏘FݱᫀB⚪ᜧ☢»·¸ῳÇஹÈÉÞᑮ,ឋ-.✌ᐜÒᜧÕÖ⊈Êàá'ᓄ⍝⊈஺3.âã'ᓄ⍝⊈äåæçàá=¤èéêì⌱ᵨᨬïÑÒðñGA.òᓝôᢣö⚞⚶ÑÒB.ùúòûÑÒC.⌱üឋýᾭ⌼
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஺[NextPage]4.ᙠ✌ᐜ"#Ḅ%ᶭ'

38A.()*ᶭ+B.)*,ᔠ.⊈C.0123ᑗ56ᑗ◀D.ᜧ9ᑗ◀E.:;<☢ᑗ>?@*ᫀA⚪ឋḄ%ᶭ✌ᐜ⌱B()*ᶭ+()*%ᶭCᦔEὃ⇋)*ᶭ+஺5.ញឋJKL⊦NOPᡈCPRSTḄUVWX'A.YZ⊈[\]┛⊈[B.]_⊈[C.]`⊈[D,Y╅⊈[E.Yb⊈[ᫀE6.᝕45dXefgᦑijklmnkᢚp2ᜩ஺ᐸ24sPt200ml,uᑡᓄxyz{|ᔠញឋJKL⊦NḄ'A.⊈b5mmol/LB.P}~14.2mmol/LC.⊈╅1.4mmol/LD.⊈Z0.89mmol/L,⊈┛2.96mmol/LE.⊈106mmol/L

39ᫀD⚪ញឋញឋJKL⊦Nᱥ⊈P}~ஹ⏥ᓣYYbஹY╅ஹYZஹ]┛⊈[XD{|ᔠញឋJKL⊦N஺7.ᐵឋ{Ḅ'A.B.{ᐰC.ᨬ¡Ḅ[¢'ᕏ⊈ஹ¤¥᪵§D.ᜧ⊈E.ᓝ©ᢣ«ᫀB8.ᙠuᑡWᨵ®Ạ°±²ញឋ³´µ᧕MODS,{ᒹ¸A.᠒ឋJB.º»ឋᐵ⁚½C.¾PD.¿ÀᓄE.ÁÂᫀB9.⚜■MODSḄ®Å⌕Ç┯ÉḄ'A.ÊË%ញÊ[Ḅ᦮ÍÎÏB.ÊËÐÑÒÓᔾC.■%:;

40D.᩽ᦋᗐᐰØ¢᝱E.Ú%ᶭÛÜÝḄÞÊ⌕ᘤàḄKLáâᫀE10.ᵱឋ42däញឋÊ[åæ½çèé36s3ᢙèé%ᶭëåæìᐸᕜîïVðñò◀ஹῳῚõö*஺*Â᳛106ø/ᑖ⊈û96/60mmHg(12.8/8kPa),ÇÂ☟ᾭû10cmH2O(9.8kPa)஺Óᔾ⚣᳛22ø/ᑖÿᾭ⊈ᑖ66mmHg(11.5kPa),10ml/h,1.002஺ᨬញḄA.ᐰB.⊦C.⊦D.⊈!"E.#ᑁᢙᑭ'(ᑖ)*