考研生物化学历年真题总结

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16D.LOH.,E.IDH52001A22.2-1ALMNOPḄV⏚ῃY⏘,LDH8QR⏘LDH"LDHi[⌕]ᙠ_LM1`a[⌕]ᙠ_bcdLDH3[⌕]ᙠ_efLDH4[⌕]ᙠ_gஹijMஹkஹlLDHs[⌕]ᙠ_g஺2001A23.2-1mnoឋᢓᑴᑺ]ᙠt⏘u
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ᑖᡂḄ⏘2002B97.2-1D2002B98.2-1Cᓫ⏘ᢣᵫᩩ᪀ᡂḄ!6᱐$ᱥᓄ'()*:,ᐹᨵ/01᪀Ḅ⏘2.34⏘ᢣᵫ567ᡈ97:;<=ᐳ?@ABḄ⏘஺1ᔠ⏘ᢣᵫ⏘EFGHI
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17[\⏘hkjlὶ⏘஺2003A21.2-1nopR⏘ḄKmq*25mmol/L,rs⏘KLMtᑮᨬᜧLMxyḄ50%,z{ᱥ|yM*A.12.5mmol/LB.25mmol/LC.37.5mmol/LD.50mmol/LE.75mmol/L2003A21.2-1BKm⏘Ḅᱯ}ឋ~ᦪ஺Kmq*⏘KLMxy*ᨬᜧxyḄ{ᱥ|y஺2004A27.2-1ᑡᐵd᪀⏘Ḅh┯ḄA.᪀\fᓄ=⊝LMB.*⌶Ḅᐵ@⏘C.᪀ᦔMᑺᕈ⌮1ᔠD.ᐹᨵfᓄ:;G⁚:;E.⏘᪀ᓄឋᓣᡈ2004A27.2-1᪀⏘ᢣ]ᦔMᑺ⏘Ḅ=fᓄ⌮ឋ1ᔠhs⏦¢$᪀£¤¥⏦ឋḄ⏘஺ᱯ¦§জᐸxyª«9¬ᔠ®ª«hLMxy{ᱥ|yḄ¯°*S±!®ª«*²±³Vmax[S]n¯°2஺xyª«´*§V=-----------------ᐸ_n*µ5⏘ᑖ
\1ᔠ¶ᵨᱥᑖ
Ḅᦪ¸hKK+[S]n*~ᦪ஺ঝ᪀⏘ᐵᏉ⏘hfᓄḄLM~9⌮LM!ᓽ=⊝LM2஺ঞ᪀⁚½¾⏘Ḅ᪀ᓄh¿£sḄឋᓣᡈ஺ট᪀⏘~ᵫ:;ᡂhÁÂ=ᨵfᓄ:;G⁚:;hS±¯°L᧜Ä5:;ÅᐹᨵÆ7¶ᵨ஺ঠ᪀⁚ᑺ\hk\9ÈLMḄH⏘ஹ{ᱥᡈÊᱥ஺ড᪀⏘ᐹᨵÌR⁚_Íhᓽfᓄ_ÍG⁚_Í!Â=fᓄ:;G⁚:;ÎD┯2஺ঢ᪀⁚Ðx⁚஺2005A25.2-15ÑᓫḄ⏘KLMhÒ[S]WK„,A.LMxyᨬᜧB.LMxyÓ᠒Õ<Ö×C.LMxy{ᱥ|yᡂØÙD.ÚÛ{ᱥ|yLMxy9E.ÚÛ{ᱥ|yLMxy2005A25.2-1C᪷Ý⏘KLMḄ®ª«´§vJmaxb,Ò{ᱥ|yß![S]WKmhVmHX[S],ᓽLMxyKm+[S]Km{ᱥ|yᡂØÙ!Cà2஺2006A25.21á_âãḄLDH7ä⏘A.LDH2B.LDH2C.LDH?D.LDH4E.LDH52006A25.2-1E

18á_âãḄå⏚ῃç⏘(LDH)7ä⏘LDHs஺LDH1è⌕gᙠdÍê;LDH2è⌕gᙠdëìí;LDH
è⌕gᙠdîïLDHè⌕gᙠdáஹðñêஹòஹó஺LDH5è⌕gᙠdá஺42007X133.2-1⏘ôfᓄᑺ6Ùh97¦ᨵ-A.LMᩩö÷Ghᙠ~÷ஹ~øaùP55L12B.Ûxᓄ'LMxyhᦋLM⊝¦C.ýឋþhR⏘¶ᵨRᡈSᱥTD.ᙠᓄ'LMÿ⏘Ḅᦋ2007X133.2-1AC(1)ᓄᑺḄᐳ"#ᒹ%:জ()ᙠᓄ+,Ḅ-./0Ḅ1ᢝ(D);ঝ678ᓄ9:;ᐕ=Ḅᓄ;+,;ঞ()678?@Aᑮᓄ;C⊝ḄEFG8ᦋC⊝#(B);টᙠJ⌮+,/GLJᓄM+,GNJᓄ⌮+,;ঠ⏦ᓄᑺQR+,ḄSᑴ6UVW+,ḄXᓄ8஺(2)⏥Ḅᱯ#:জ⏘\⌕^ᱥ`ᑁḄᓄ;+,Gᐸ+,ᩩdeGJᙠfeஹfhijk஺ঝᓄᑺ"G⏘lᐸᓄḄmᱥᐹᨵpqrḄ⌱tឋ஺ᓽw⏘xyᵨ{wᡈ}ᓄᔠᱥGᡈḄᓄ;GᓄḄᓄ;+,ḄᱥG⏘Ḅwᱯឋ⏘Ḅᱯឋᡈឋ஺2008A27.2-1iᑡᐵ{ḄKmḄGMḄUA.U+,RAᑮᨬᜧEḄmᱥB.8+᧜⏦lmᱥḄ:C.lᨵmᱥḄ⏘GᐸKm"D.l"mᱥG"Ḅ⏘ᨵ"ḄKm2008A27.(ᓄ4)DKm{⏘+,RᨬᜧREḄmᱥ஺U⏘ḄᱯឋfᦪG7⏘Ḅ᪀ஹmᱥ+,᛻ᨵᐵ஺l{"wmᱥG"Ḅ⏘ᨵ"ḄKm஺mᱥ+,Ḅ⏘l"mᱥḄKmNᔜ"஺2008A39.3-4᪀¢⁚ᓄ;¤⛲¢⁚Ḅᐳ"ᱯ#U-A.¦§⏘¨©᪀ªᓄB.⏘¨©ᐳ«¤⛲C.¬{R¢⁚®¯P66L26D.ᨵ°ᜧᦔ,2008A39.3-4-C²᪆:⏘XឋḄ¢⁚:1.⏘´⏘´ḄµX.¶ᓄ·ᑁ¨©⏘¸⏘´¹¯ᑖ».¼1½¶ᓄᘤ¿À⏘ḄÁ²ẚÃGÄÅ1Æ⏘ᙠᐸᱯḄÇÈ᛻ᢵᐸᓄyᵨ.Ê᜜G⏘´ÌJ¸Í⏘ḄÎϹ¯2᪀.᝞ÑÒᦔ,ᑺ¦§ḄÓ"ᦔ,ÔlmᱥḄ:ÕQGÖÄQ+,RGÊᦔ,᪀µXᦔ,.ᦔ,ᑺ᪀µXᑺG+.VW+,Rὅ᪀ᢓᑴᑺ.Ù᝞,ATPÛÜ⏚UÞ⏗²⌶áḄᐵ⏘â⏚ÑÞµ⏚-1Ḅ᪀ᢓᑴᑺ஺ãä/ᱥÕEGÊåæç⌶áÀᑮᢓᑴ஺■éᱥ-ᒕëÄADPAMPUì⏘Ḅ᪀µXíIJ,îwᱥḄÕµℍ⃔ÞḄñᓄò8GóATPḄᡂGU`ᑁRõ⁚Ḅö⌕®¯஺3஺⏘Ḅᐳ«¤⛲¢⁚G⏘¨©÷øùḄúûüJÒwᓄ;ûýJ⌮Ḅᐳ«ᔠGÖÄᦋ⏘ḄXឋG-.⏘Ḅᐳ«¤⛲ᡈᓄ;¤⛲஺⏘Ḅᐳ«¤⛲ᒹ%â⏚ᓄῃâ⏚ᓄGÿ⏒ᓄῃ⏒ᓄᵬᓄῃᵬᓄᵞᓄῃ᧖ᓄSHS—S—Ḅᐸ⏚ᓄ⛲ᨬ⏘Ḅᐳ⛲ᑁ"#$⁚Ḅ&'(⌕*+஺1996X144.2-2-ᑡ/01⏘2345A.NAD+B.FADC.1⏘AD.FMN1996X1442-2ABCNAD=HI⏚Jᘊ4L᪶N⏚;FADPQR4L᪶ᵞ⏚S1⏘ATUV+W⏚+⏚+ᵞ஺Xᙳ2Z4஺FMNPQ(6,7-Lᵬ^_`)+᪶⏣+⏚c2Z4஺

191997X146.2-2deᑁf៎ḄA.hij⏘B.kij⏘C.lឋij⏘D.nf⏘1997X146.2-2ABCজᑁf⏘pqrijsftᑁuḄv0ftwcxT⏚yᡂḄftᨵ|Ḅ}ឋ஺hij⏘ஹkij⏘ஹlឋij⏘deᑁf⏘஺ঝ⏚f⏘de᜜f⏘஺᜜f⏘ḄᵨftḄqrᣵT⏚wcxT⏚yᡂḄftᨵ|Ḅ}ឋ஺2004A21.2-2JᱥឋᢓᑴL⏚⏘ᐸ᪀¡eA.wT¢ᵬ⏚B.L≈4C.¢¤T⏚D.¥T⏚E.¦T⏚2004A21.2-2AJᱥᓄ¨᪀¡wT¢ᵬ⏚©L⏚ᔠᡂ«Ḅឋᢓᑴᑺ®¯:±⚪L⏚⏘³6᱐µᱥᓄ¨P71“ᔠᡂ⏘”ᦑº»ᦋ½ᩭ¿஺2-2ᱥsÀÁᐸ$⁚জÂÀÁ2002A22.2-1ᙠÄÅ⏚ÆÇÈᵨᱥqÉ⏚ᓄµᡂḄÊᓄᔠᱥA.ATPB.GTPC.UTPD.CTPE.TTP2002A22.2-1BᙠÄ⏚ÆÇ.ÈËᱥqÉ⏚ᓄᢣÍ5ÏкµᡂḄÊᓄᔠᱥGTP஺ᴁÔ⏒CoA+GDP+Pi<=----------ØᴁÔ⏚+HSCoA+GTPÛᓄÜкḄ⏘ᴁÔ⏒CoAᔠᡂ⏘1994A6.2-21ᑖÞ⏒1⏘AÈÄ⏚ÆÇßàᓄ⏚ᓄᐳpµᡂáᑖÞA1PÊ⏚â¿5A.2B.4C.8

20D.12E.161994A6.2-2D⏒CoAÈÄ⏚ÆÇãàᓄᐳᨵ5ÏкäµATP,1ᑖÞ⏒CoAãËàᓄäµ12ATP,জ^åæ⏚a-çèL⏚(3ATP)Sঝa-çèL⏚ᴁÔ⏒CoA(3ATP)SঝᴁÔ⏒CoA—ᴁÔ⏚(1ATP)éটᴁÔ⏚ëìí⏚(2ATP)Sঠïð⏚₝⏒⏚(3ATP)஺òᕆôõé⏒COA,¤ç⏚ö⏚ᵞ÷ÈÄ⏚ÆÇßàᓄ⏚ᓄøᨬøµᡂùúATP12,15,ö⏚17ᡈ18,20ᡈ22üýþḄ⊟⚔ᕟᕟ(12,⏒⏘A)(☄)Ḅ⏚(15,⏚)(ᵨ)ᘤ⏚(18ᡈ17⏚)Ḅὡᩏ!ᵞ#■%(2220ᵞ#)1994A7.2-2ᢣ'ὅ)⏗+,-./01᪀3⁚Ḅ▲6⏘7A.8⏚9:;᪀⏘B.6-8⏚=:-1->⏘C.?@⏘D.3-8⏚ᵞ#⏚ῃB⏘E.⏚ῃB⏘1994A7.2-2B3⁚:⏗+ḄᐵD⏘ᨵ3FG9:>⏘ஹ6-8⏚=:>⏘-1ஹ⏚>⏘஺জ6-8⏚=:>K-1(B))ᨬM⌕Ḅ3⁚OPQRS᪀ᦔUᑺḄ3⁚஺ᐸS᪀ᢓᑴᑺZATPஹ[\⏚]ᐸS᪀>^ᑺZAMPஹF-L6-2PஹF-2,6-2P஺ঝ⏚>⏘)`3⁚Oabᙠdᫀ⚗.஺ঞh:>⏘Zi⌕3⁚Oj⌕PᐸkUlᱥ6-8⏚ℍ⃔:Ḅpk✄3⁚(r)S᪀3⁚)஺ট8⏚9:;᪀⏘ஹ?@⏘t⏚ῃB⏘ur)ᐵᏉ⏘rwxS᪀3⁚yzḄkUu)/⌮kU஺1994A8.2-2ℍ⃔:ᙠ|ᑁ~rSᡂḄᓄᔠᱥ)A.⏒⏚B.⏣C.ᾦ⏚D.⏚E.᪶:1994A8.2-2A:~lḄ⏒CoAj⌕)wᐭ⏚ᓄᡈᔠᡂᾦ⏚r/ᚮ@ᔠᡂ⏒⏚(A)஺ᵫℍ⃔:SZᐸ4RᓄᔠᱥḄ⌶᝞¢Gজ
⏣ᔠᡂ⌶:ℍ⃔…T⏒COAT⏒⏒COATHMC004—(3001
H(27C)(B)Oঝᾦ⏚ᔠᡂ⌶:⃔…StCoA⏚CoA-ᡂஹ"#$%&⏚(C),ঞ(K)⏚*+⌶,ℍ-TG6PT…-ᑁ▢⏚t2⏚(D)஺ট5⏚678:ℍℍTC6PT6-R⏚ℍ⃔⏚ᑁ9t6-Ớ⏚ℍ⃔⏚…-5;⏚᪶(E)஺1995A9,2-2ᢣ¢ᑡᓄ¤¥᪀¦Ḅᓄ§¨GHOOC.CH2.CH2.CO.COOHA.₝⏒⏚B.[\⏚C.ª⏚D.a-«¬⏚E.=⏚1995A9,2-2D

21+᪆GூὃOG:Ḅᨵᓄ௃³ᓄᔠᱥ´ᨵ5F¶·¸t2Fº»¼«¬⏚ᐸa—¶´»ᦑᐸ§¨UZa-«¬⏚஺ÀᓝÂÃᩭᓄ¤ᑖ¸¦ḄÆᑏÈὃ,⚪ÊË᪵ᑖ¸¦ÆᑏḄὃ⚪)ÍÎḄÏ1995A10.2-2☟ÑÒ᝱|ᑁὑ:ÕᨬQḄᘤÖ)A.ÙB.ÛC.ᾯD.ßàáE.ãä1995A10.2-2C+᪆GூὃOG⊈:௃☟ÑÒ᝱|ᑁὑ:ÕᨬQḄᘤÖ)ᾯᜧᾯêᜩὑᵨℍ⃔:ì100g.ìᓰᐰðὑ:ÕḄñ஺òóôℍ⃔:ZõḄᱥöÈᨵᙠ÷ø⛭úÒ᝱¢/ᑭᵨ|஺Àᾯ)ü|ὑᨬᜧḄj⌕ᘤÖὑÕᓰᐰðὑÕḄ20%—25%.Ï1996A26.2-2⏚ῃB⏘þ.r´ÿ
⏘A.ᯖ⏚B.⏚C.NAD+D.FADE.⏚1996A26.2-2E▅[2005A26.2-2]o1996A27.2-2ᙠ"ᑁ$%&'ᵫ₝⏒+⏚,-.ᩭḄᓄᔠᱥ4A.ᜩ678⏚B.⏚9:;<=⏚C.>?⏚D.@A⏚E.+⏒+⏚1996A27.2-2EজDE⏚FGHI+⏒CoA+₝⏒+⏚KA⏚LDM஺ঝᙠ<=⏚PQRSḄTUHI<=⏚ᓩ⏒+⏚஺78⏚LAMᡈ>?⏚L0஺ঞᙠSPQTUHI"₝⏒+⏚+GTP⏚9⏣;<=⏚_`⏘ஹ⏚9⏣;<=⏚+GDP+C02bcdᨵ+⏒+⏚LEM$%&'ᵫ₝⏒+⏚f-.ᩭ஺g◤i“₝⏒+k⏚9⏣;<=l<=◅+⏒+⏚”op%ᵫ₝⏒+⏚,-R+⏒+⏚஺1996A28.2-21qrᾦ⏚Ltuᑖwxy256
E1qℍ⃔SLtuᑖwxy180
|}~ᓄᡠQᡂḄATPA.2B.2.5C.3D.3.5E.51996A28.2-2B2nwḄᾦ⏚op■~ᓄoQḄ%yRL17n—7MATP஺rᾦ⏚RCn=8,ᦑ1mmolrᾦ⏚i16,B•~ᓄᢣyR17x8—7=129ATP஺Immolℍ⃔SiD⏚FG|}~ᓄQ38ATP,ᦑ1qrᾦ⏚|}~ᓄᡠQᡂḄATPᦪRL1/256Mx129¡1qℍ⃔S~ᓄQḄATPᦟRL1/180Mx38=2.39஺

221996A31.2-2⏚?S`⏘Ḅ-᪀`¤ᑺ4A.1,6¦⏚?SB.2,6¦⏚?SC.ATPD.GTPE.@A⏚1996A31.2-2B6-⏚?S`⏘-14S:§Ḅᐵ©⏘ª.6-⏚?S`⏘-1Ḅ-᪀ᢓᑴᑺ@A⏚ஹATP;6-⏚?S`⏘-1Ḅ-᪀`¤ᑺ2,6-¦⏚?Sஹ1,6-¦⏚?SஹADPஹAMP஺®Iজ1,6-¦⏚?S46-⏚?S`⏘-1ḄTUᱥo¯
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301994X139.2-2ᾦ()⊈ᑡᾦ()hA.B.᩽¡+,ᾦ()C.+,ᾦ()D.¡+,ᾦ()1994X139.2-2ABDᾦ⊈ḄF¢oᱯB:ᑖ¢ᾦ()fᓄᵞIJnfᓄLM⏣fᓄICMtttttIlaLDLt—*'11bLDLt+VLD1.tt,,,IIIIDLtt??tIVVLDLt••—VVLDLf+CMt**t*§ᙠḄᾦ⊈©ᨵ+,ᾦ()HDLª«¬ᓣ®HDLᨵ¯!⚜■²ᾭ´᪵¶ᓄḄᾦ()7·ᐸHDL2¹º»²ᾭ¶ᓄ¼½᳛¿Àᐵ:஺1995A3.2-2ᔠᡂLM⏣Ḅ▲Ã⏘A.HMGCOAᔠᡂ⏘B.HMGCOAÄA⏙C.HMGCOAÆÇ⏘D.ᵬÉÊ⏚Ë⏘E.ÌÍÎÏ⏘1995A3.2-2BÇ᪆ÑூὃBÑLM⏣ḄÔÕ௃1×ØÑHMGCOAÄA⏘HMGCOA7ÉᵬÙÊ⏚ᓫ⏒COAᔠᡂLM⏣Ḅ▲Ã⏘ÛᵬÉÊ⏚Ë⏘ÜÌÍÎÏ⏘©Ý¹LM⏣ᔠᡂÞ¬▲Ã⏘2ßàáâÑHMGCOAᔠᡂ⏘q⏒q⏒COAᔠᡂHMGCOA7ÉᵬÙÊ⏚ᓫ⏒COAḄ▲Ã⏘ãHMGCOAÆÇ⏘HMGCOA7ÉᵬÙÊ⏚ᓫ⏒COAᔠᡂä}Ḅ▲Ã⏘1996A19.2-2ᔠᡂᓿKᾦᡠ◤ḄçឋLèA.ADP—LèB.GDPªLèC.TDPªLèD.UDPªLèE.CDPªLè1996A19.2-2EÝ▅[2004A24.2-2]o1996A20.2-2_`ᑁêᓄᾦ⏒ÙeëᑮLM⏣½ᡂLM⏣nḄ⏘A.ACATB.LCATC.Kᾦ⏘CD.Kᾦ⏘DE.ᾙîèᾦ⏒eë⏘1996A20.2-2A_`ᑁLM⏣n¹⊈cLM⏣nḄᔠᡂ⌶ð¬ñᦟᩞô©õoὅ$ὅ÷øù஺জ_`ᑁLM☟nḄᔠᡂÑᾦ⏒CoA+LM⏣ACAT஺ᾦ⏒CoA;LM⏣neë⏘:LM⏣n+HSCoAঝ⊈cLM⏥nḄᔠᡂ:

31ᓿKᾦ+LM⏣LCAT7ᓿKᾦLM⏣n⏒eë⏘:LM⏣n+þ⊈ᓿKᾦ-------------------------------------------------►Kᾦ⏘CḄÿᵨ
ᵞᾦᑖ3⏚ᐸᱥ
ᵞ⏚ᡈ⏚⏣஺ᾦ⏘DḄᵨ
ᵞᾦᑖ⏚!"#$Ḅ.ᐸᱥ
⏚ᵞ&'஺ᾙᾦ⏒CoA*+⏘I
ᾦ⏚ᑖ",Ḅᐵ⏘஺./CDEᙳ12⏣Ḅ3ᡂ5ᐵ஺1996A21.2-26ᑡᾦ89:ᓄᱥ<=*ᓄ>?ḄᨵA.Aᾦ⏚B.⏒CoAC.BCD.D⏒CoAE.⏚1996A21.2-2DজFC&ᨵ᩽Hᦪ᜻ᦪKLḄᾦ⏚MN:ᓄO3ᡂ⏒CoA᜜Q3ᡂ1ᑖD⏒CoA஺/᜜RST#⏚:ᓄU<3D⏒CoA஺D⏒CoAMB-Vᓄ3ᡂᵬ#D⏒CoA,OὅMYZ⏘[᪀⏘Ḅᵨ*]>ᴁ_⏒CoA஺M`a⏚bc*]>₝⏒K⏚4?[3'?஺ঝAᾦ⏚ஹ⏚ஹBCjkl:ᓄᑖ>⏒CoA,m⏒CoAnl⌮p3ᡂDB⏚qjB⏚*r⏒CoAstuv
n<⌮ḄklM`a⏚bcwx:ᓄylnl[3>?஺DB⏚+NAD++HSCoADB⏚ῃ'⏘{ᔠC⏒C0A+NADH+H-+CO21996A24.2-2}~ᔠᡂᾦ8⏚Ḅ▲⏘
A.BBᾦ⏒ᔠᡂ⏘B.⏘C.⏒CoAaᓄ⏘D.ᾦ⏒*+ᡂE.BBᾦ⏒QL⏘1996A24.2-2Cজᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄᐵ⏘
⏒CoAᓄ⏘ᾦ⏚ᑖḄᐵ⏘
ᾙᾦ⏒*+⏘Lঝᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄLᧇ
⏒CoA,ᔠᡂ⏒CoAᙠ⏒CoAaᓄ⏘Ḅᓄ6ᓄ>D⏒CoA,ᯠOMᔠஹ'ஹῃஹ'ᡂKSmᡂ஺ঞB-Bᾦ⏒ᔠᡂ⏦ᓄᔠஹ⏦ᓄbcஹᾦ⏒*+⏘ᓄ⏒#*+ஹP-Bᾦ⏒QL⏘ᓄ:j
1ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄ⏘.jnᐵ⏙஺1997A22.2-2ᾦ8⏚:ᓄḄ▲⏘
A.ᾙᾦ8⏒⏘A*+⏘IB.A2⏒ᓄ⏘C.ᾦ⏒⏘Aῃ'⏘1.L-6ᾦ⏒⏘Aῃ'⏘E.BBᾦ⏒⏘A⏘1997A22.2-2Aᾦ⏚6:ᓄᾦ⏚¡pᓄᓽᾦ⏒CoAḄ3ᡂ஺/uv
ᙠ£¤C᜜¡pḄ஺ᾦ⏒CoAkᨵ¡ᐭ£¤C¦l¡p8:ᓄᾦ⏒CoA¡ᐭ£¤C◤ᾙᾦ⏒*+⏘IḄ¨©/t
ᾦ⏚B:ᓄḄª⌕▲t¬./ᾙᾦ⏒*+⏘IU
6:ᓄḄ▲⏘஺BCDEᓄḄj
ᾦ⏚஺:ᓄḄ<⌮uvn
ᾦ⏚B:ᓄḄ▲⏘஺1997A23.2-2®ᑁ°ឋᵞ`Ḅª⌕ᾦ²³
A.´µ¶¤B.HDLC.IDLD.LDL

32E.VLDL1997A23.2-2E*ᑁ°ឋᵞ`ᾦ·2⏣
VLDL஺*᜜°ឋᵞ`ᾦ·2⏣
´µ¶¤CM஺*ᑁ°ឋ2⏣
LDL஺⌮ᔣ*2⏣
HDLo1997A26.2-2⏒¹⏣4,5⏚<>6ᑡº»⏘ᡂᵞ1,4,5`⏚¹⏣¼A.⏘½B.⏘A2C.⏘BD.⏘CE.⏘D1997A26.2-2D▅ூ2000X144.2-2]»3ᱥCᑁ&ᨵÀ»ᾦ⏘Álᵞᾦ:»ÁᵨÃᵨᱥᾦ⏘Ä1ᾦ⏚ஹÅ⊈ᾦ2ᾦ⏘A22Å⊈ᾦஹÀn⛳ᾦ⏚È3É⏚ᾦ⏘B1Å⊈ᾦ1ᵞ⏚ᾦ⏘C3⏚ᵞᾦஹ⏚ஹ⏚⏣ᾦ⏘D⏚!"#$⏚ᵞஹ&ÊË6Ì<=ÍÎḄÏÐ
ᾦ⏘Cᓄᾦ⏒¹⏣4,5—⏚ᑖÑ⏚$Ḅ3—⏚3ᡂÓᵞ1,4,5`⏚¹⏣஺ÔÕÖ×ὡÙ5Úᡃ1,4,5-`Üẚ¹⏥1998A24.2-2ᾦ8⏚ᙠßà¡pB:ᓄá3ᡂ6ᑡâ»ᱥã?A.NADH+H-B.FADH2C.H02D.⏒CoAE.ᾦ⏚CoA

331998A24.2-2Cজᾦ⏚B-:ᓄᒹæ4tçèuvéῃ'ஹஹῃ'ஹ஺./:ᓄ
ên
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ᑡᾦA.ᾦ⏒B.ᵞC.♆ᾦD.⏣E.ᑡ1999A27.2-2EᑁḄ!⛳#ᾦ⏚%⌕ᒹ(⏚ஹ*⏚ஹ+⏚ஹ+,⏚#-./0⏚1஺2345ᔠᡂ839◤;<ᱥ>᤬@ABC9◤ᾦ⏚஺DE⛴ᧇ>9◤ᾦ⏚Hᐸ.JK᠒MN!OPᨵRSTMU.ᙠ⛴ᧇ>⊡ᐙ+⏚ஹ+,⏚ᡈ-./0⏚8[Tᓽ]ᜫ஺A+,⏚#-./0⏚3ᵫ+⏚`ᓄbᩭ.AB+⏚defOḄ9◤ᾦ⏚஺b-./0⏚eᑡḄ.AB9◤ᾦ⏚Ḅ3ghᑡ஺iᫀkE஺+⏚lY-+,⏚------./0⏚fPGH2-PGH2஺ஹPGD2ஹPGE2ஹPGI2ஹTXA2A.nB.⏣C.oD.⊈qE.1999B97.2-2ᙠᑁ3`r.ᡂn⏚Ḅsᧇe1999B98.2-2ᙠᑁ3`r.ᡂ⁐Ḅsᧇe1999B97.2-2B1999B97.2-2Dজ⏣`ᓄkn⏚e⏣ᙠᑁḄ%⌕`ᓄ⌶wᓰ50%஺r|ᓄ⏘ᵞ⏚⏚⏣l0nl~^ll7*|⏣l…ln⏚——~2~~-
ᔠn⏚ᐜlln⏚ঝ⊈qḄ%⌕ᱥe⁐஺⁐eᢣoqஹs஺⊈q⊈q⏘_oos⏘lq3^.sA.⏚B.⏒COAC.ὅ¢eD.ὅ¢!e1999C125.2-2£¤¥ᾦ¦⏚ᔠᡂḄe1999C126.2-2£ᢓᑴᾦ¦⏚ᔠᡂḄe1999C125.2-2C1999C126.2-2,Dᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄᐵª⏘e⏒COA«ᓄ⏘.¬elr᪀⏘.ᐸ®⁚°±k:⏒CoA«ᓄ⏘³ឋµ¶⏒CoA·ᓄ⏘³ឋ¸¹.ᓄᦔ»ᑺ½³ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂ¾¿.ᓄᦔ»ᑺ½³ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂ¾¿.ᓄᦔ»⏚ஹÀ⏚ᾦ⏒COAÁᒹ(*ᾦ⏒ஹJÂᾦ⏒CoA.ᓄᦔ»Ã⏚ᓄÄ⏘³ឋឮÆ⏚ᓄÄ⏘³ឋ¸¹

34.ᓄᦔ»ÇÈǶ⊈ÉஹÊË.J½.ᓄᦔ»¶ÉÌÍlᑺ½³Mn2+l⏒coAeᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄsᧇ.Îe⏒CoA«ᓄ⏘ḄÏᱥ.Ðᯠ3¤¥ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂ஺⏚kCoA«ᓄ⏘Ḅr᪀½³ᑺ஺1999X145.2-2Òeᾦ¦⏚ᙠÓÔᓄᑖÖHḄOP>×ᱥ¬ᒹ(A.⏒⏚B.B|Ø⏚C.ÙÒ⏚D.⏒COA1999X145.2-2ABÒ=⏒⏚+Ü|Ø⏚+ÙÒ஺ÝÞßàá“ÙÒ⏚”஺2000A25.2-2⏒CoA«ᓄ⏘Ḅä᪀ᢓᑴᑺeA.⏚B.À⏚C.AMPD.⏒CoAE.JÂᾦ⏒CoA2000A25.2-2Eᙠᾦ⏚åᡂæç>.✌ᐜ⌕¥éÙ⏒COAḄᔠᡂß⏒CoA+CO,+ATP+H,0⏒CoA|ᓄ⏘ஹ.ᱥஹMn2+Ù⏒CoA+ADP+PPi--------------------------------------------------►Bê»⏒CoAëᓄ⏘eᐵª⏘¬elr᪀⏘ᐸ®⁚°±ìí᝞:⏒CoA«ᓄ⏘³ឋᓣ¶⏒CoA«ᓄ⏘³ឋ¸¹.ᓄᦔ»ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂµᾦ⏚åᡂ¾¿ðᙠ°±ᨵ³ឋḄñòó³ឋḄᓫr᪀®⁚⏚ஹÀ⏚ᾦ⏒CoA(ᒹ(*ᾦ⏒ஹJÂᾦ⏒coA)ᐳ÷øកÃ⏚ᓄÄ⏘³ឋឮÆ⏚ᓄÄ⏘³ឋ¸¹½®⁚ÇÈǶ⊈Éஹ.J½Ì?:ஹ@ஹᾯ9A9BCஹᾦDEF01GH/᜜(ᾦ⏚>ᓄ)LGH/ᑁ(6-Nᓄ)ᑁᐵP⏘ᑁRᾦ⏒ST⏘IU⏒CoAVᓄ⏘

35c⌕!"#/U⏒CoA⏒CoAdePCoA-SHACP-SHfghidePjᵯl⌴⏘FADஹNAD+NADPHᔲ◤⌕HCO◤⌕Y◤3ᔲ◤⌕ATP◤⌕fᾦ⏚>ᓄ◤⌕j◤⌕op⏚Ḅq>rᵨtq>rᵨᨵq>rᵨᾦ⏒CoAᢓᑴwᵨtᢓᑴrᵨᨵᢓᑴrᵨxy]^ADPz{|ᑖ(\}fἭஹ⛭jATPz{|f|j9tᾦ⏚.ᾦ⏚ᑖ(◤⌕ὑATP஺ᫀD஺ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄ⏘ᙠᑁ9`ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂḄEF01ᙠᑁ9XGH/ᑁ஺ᾦ⏚ᔠᡂ9U⏒CoAY◤Vᓄᡂ⏒CoAZ[\ᔠᡂ]^9_ᓄ`]^ḄU⏒CoAVᓄ⏘9ᱥa⏘Ḅb஺A.ᾦ⏚B.CDPᵞeC.ὅD.ὅ2000C125.ᵞeᔠᡂḄ!ᱥ2000C126.ᾦ⏒<⏣ᔠᡂḄ!ᱥ2000C125.2-2A2000C126.2-2C▅ூ2004A24.2-2.¡2004A24.2-2(¢£¤-ᔠᡂᵞeḄ-ℍ⃔3⏚ᵞᾦ⏚1,2ᵞeᵞe஺ᔠᡂᾦ⏒<⏣Ḅ:ℍ⃔3⏚ᵞᾦ⏚CDPᵞeᾦ⏒<⏣஺2000X144.2-2¬⊈ᓿᾦᵫA.ᾦ⏘A1_ᓄᓿᾦ°(±ᡂB.ᾦ⏘C_ᓄᓿᾦ°(±ᡂC.ᾦ⏘D_ᓄᓿᾦ°(±ᡂD.ᓿᾦ³´⏣ᾦ⏒STµ_ᓄᓿᾦy¶ᾦ⏒bST±ᡂḄ2000X144.2-2ADᔜºᾦ⏘&ᐸrᵨ019¼(ᱥ,⊤9¾¿᯿Á£Â,⊤9ᳮ(ÄÅஹÆÇÈÉcÈ஺ᾦ⏘A2Êᵞᾦᑖ21eP°(9ᱥ¬⊈ᓿᾦÂË⛳Âᾦ⏚f£ÍÎÏᜮᡠᢣ01j.ᓿᾦ³´⏣ᾦ⏒ST⏘_ᓄᓿᾦᑖÒ21ᾦ⏒bSTÓ³´⏣ᡂ³´⏣e9ÔÕÖÒ21×Øe⏒bḄ¬⊈ᾦf£R2ÚᜫḄ01j஺ᦑᫀAD஺ÝÞ-জᾦ⏘àஹA?ஹCஹD°(Ḅᵞᾦ9ᾦ⏘B1°(Ḅ¬⊈ᾦ஺ঝᾦ⏘AḄ°(ᱥ¬⊈ᾦ9ᾦ⏘AjḄ°(ᱥ¬⊈ᾦ2஺ঞ¬⊈2ᾦä哬⊈ᓿᾦ`ᨵçËὁḄé⚪ƺëìf᝞Ô⚪j஺ÝÞ-Ô⚪ᫀ⚗A^ᦋ“ᾦ⏘A2_ᓄᓿᾦ°(±ᡂ"஺ᢥ6᱐ᱥᓄòóÈfP126j,ᾦ⏘A2Ḅ°(ᱥ¬⊈ᾦ9ᾦ⏘AiḄ°(ᱥ¬⊈ᾦ2஺⏘rᵨ01ᱥᾦ⏘Aᵞᾦᑖ21eP¬⊈ᾦ+Ë⛳Âᾦ⏚fö÷ø⏚j2ᾦ⏘&ᵞᾦᑖ11eP¬⊈ᾦ2+ᾦ⏚ᾦ⏘Cᵞᾦᑖ31ú⏚ePᵞe+⏚³Rfᡈ⏚U⏣üjᾦ⏘Dᵞᾦᑖ⏚ý"b!eP⏚ᵞ+zþRᾦ⏘Bi¬⊈ᾦᑖ11ePᵞ⏚³RA|ÿOII

36°I)CHQ-0
C
RiR—c—S-,2CH02IICH—0—p—0—CH—CH2—N+(CH)33223't/tDᵞᾦ*OIIICH—0—c—Ri2HOBCH0II,H2—0—P—0—CH2—CH2—N*(CH?)3⊈ᾦ2001A25.2-2ᔠᡂᑡḄA.ᾦ⏚B.ᾦ⏚C.⏚D.⏚E.⏚2001A25.2-2EᾦCᾦ⏘⏚,PG"ᔠᡂ⏘PGH2-PGF2஺ஹPGD2ஹPGE,PGI>TXA222ᔠᡂᑡF
PGF2஺Ḅ⏚
E⚗஺2a2001A26.2-2⊈"ᔜ$ᾦ%&'ᢥᐸᡠ+,-⏣/ᐸ0Ḅ123ᑮ5Ḅ᣸ᑡA.CMஹVLDLஹLDL.HDLB.HDL,LDLஹVLDL,CMC.VLDLஹLDLஹHDLஹCMD.LDLஹHDLஹVLDLஹCME.LDLஹVLDLஹHDLஹCM2001A26.2-2D7▅[2002A23.2-1].2001X145.2-29ᑡᾦ':;+ᨵ,=>A.ᓿᾦB.ᾯᾦC.AᾦD.BC♆ᾦ2001X145.2-2AD7▅ூ2004A24,2-2]FG஺ᓿᾦHBC♆ᾦI+CDP-,=ᾯᾦ+CDP-J⏣KAᾦ+ᾦ⏒ᵞ஺2002A32.2-29ᑡ:$M᦮OᙠᾦQRS'ḄᱯᨵUᵨ>A.WḄᡂB.LDLḄᡂC.VLDLḄᡂ

37D.,X⏚ḄᡂE.LCATḄᔠᡂ2002A32.2-2BOYZ[LDLḄ\⌕ᘤ_⊈"ᔠᡂLDLḄ`abᵫLDLdefᩭᦑOYiLDLRS'ᱯᨵᘤ_«◀B⚗᜜ᐸmᙳoOYᱯᨵUᵨ2003A23.2-2WipᙠO'qᓄḄ\⌕stO'uvA.HMGCoAᔠᡂ⏘•B.HMGCoAy[⏘C.HMGCoAzs⏘D.ᴁ|⏒CoAd}⏘E.B-~⏚ῃ⏘2003A23.2-2DWᙠOYᔠᡂḄOYuvᑭᵨWḄ⏘

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J⏒CoA
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qᓄA.ᾦ⏒Ï⏘Aῃ⏘B.B—~ᾦ⏒Ï⏘Aῃ⏘

38C.Ð2
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39|q/0U_⏚ঝUV⏥}\ᓄ.~VBC஺᝞7UV⏣.ᧇ&'}ᔠᡂVcஹ⏣BCibL&'}ᔠᡂbciᓿᑁ&'1X}ᔠᡂac஺ঞᙠஹUV⏣}\ᓄ.7—ῃUV⏣ὅ⃪᜜᯿\].^D3஺টU⁐C⊈CḄH⌕MNᱥ.U⁐CᢣU¢CஹUCஹUCUC஺⊈C⊈C£=>U¢C¥UCUC•.”JUC2007A28.2-2ᾦ⏚஺©ᓄcXᡂUV⏣ᔠᡂḄᐳ«Lᱥ-A.⏒⏒¯⏘AB.ᵬ²³⏚C.HMGCoAD.⏒⏚2007A28.2-2AজcXᡂ1UV⏣ᔠᡂ¼7⏒CoA.ᧇᐸᜧ¾=>᝞Q¿HMGqAP"Â"ÄÅ-ÆÇÂUV⏥•HMGCoAᔠᡂÀ,…ÁÁ2x⏒CoAÂ⏒⏒CoA------------------------»HMGCoAᳮ”ÉÂ⏒…X}PcXᡂ1UV⏣ᔠᡂḄᐳ«Lᱥ⏒⏒CoA(A)1HMGCoA(C),ÌᫀÎ}[ᙠÏÐὅÑÒ}✌ᐜ᣸◀Ìᫀ⚗B1D஺⏒⏚cXḄᡂᑖØÂZ}[ÐὅMNḄLᱥ஺HMGCoA.kᵬ²³⏚ᓫ⏒CoA஺ঝᾦ⏚B©ᓄḄ=>.:ÛᓄḄᾦ⏒CoAÜÅÝX²Þ|Üßῃஹ£xஹàῃஹá-4+ãäᡂ1ᑖæ⏒CoA1çᩭé2cḄᾦ⏒CoA஺ὅ}àÜßῃஹ£xஹàῃஹá-ãä᝞ÒãëÜß஺ìᏔᦪïæḄᾦ⏚ᡂð⏒CoA,ᨬàÜßÂ|B©ᓄᡂ⏒CoA;ì᜻ᦪïæḄᾦ⏚ᡂô⏒CoA஺ᓽöᡂᾦ⏚B©ᓄ஺}Pᙠᾦ⏚B©ᓄ=>÷HMGCoA1⏒⏒CoA஺øùÉḄÌᫀ.A஺2007A165.2-2ᐜᜩûüᴁþ⏒COA
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41E.᩽Æßᾦàá1995B93.2-4²âᑁãឋᵞ@=4Ḅ¶⌕ᾦàá,1995B94.2-4ᨵåE■çËᾭé᪵ëᓄḄᾦàá,1995B93.2-4B1995B94.2-4D1,¼²ᑁãឋᵞ@=4IJ⏣,VLDL஺¼²᜜ãឋᵞ@=4IJ⏣Ḅ,ÛÜݪCM¼²ᑁãឋIJ⏣Ḅ,LDL⌮ᔣ¼²IJ⏣,HDL,2,HDL,ᨵåE⚜■Ëᾭé᪵ëᓄḄᾦàáïðᐸHDL2ñÉËᾭëᓄò#᳛ôõᐵ÷A.øfù#B.$%#ᡂcC.úὅû,D.úὅûZ,1995C119.2-4üýþÿᡠḄ⌕⊤1995C120.2-4⛭Ḅ⌕⊤1995C119.2-4C1995C120.2-4CজᩈḄᡂ!"#$%Ḅ&ᔲᑣ)*+,-⏚/0?23B"4ᫀ⚗஺89:;ᡠḄ1<ᵫ>89:ᑖ@ABℍ⃔ᑭᵨGHI⊈ᓣLᜧNOP᣸R>"STᵨUᱥWXYZ⊈ᦑX\]A^_<஺ঝab⛭cdὑfUᱥWX2X\]஺ab⛭gS⌕h☠ᾦkTᕒZmᾦ⏚ᙠcᑁG$,ᜧNZc᜜qrᑭᵨ23ᡂ஺stuv119⚪1xḄX]"ᵫ>89:ᑖ@ABℍ⃔ᑭᵨyzᡠ{120⚪ab⛭|}ḄX]"ᵫ>⊈GH|}~:⁚Ḅ&஺A⌕ὅᐸIX᧕஺ঞᱥᓄA.⁐:P450B.C.ὅ"D.ὅA"1994C119.2-1᪀ᡂᔾḄᡂᕒᨵ1994C120.2-4¡ᱥ¢ᓄḄ⏘ᨵ119B120A▅1998N026஺ᱥᓄḄᔾNADH-FMNFe-S-CoQ-Cytb-Cytc1-Cytc-Cytas-02o¦§¡qᡂᔾḄᡂᕒᨵFe-S,¨©ᨵ⁐:P450஺⁐:P450¡ᱥ¢ᓄḄ⏘ª\ᓫ⏘<Ḅ¬⏘஺⁐:P450ᙠcP®Ḅ¯°/±Nᨬ¡³⏣~:ஹ¶·⏚¸¶⁐:Ḅᡂ¹¸ºᱥஹ0ᱥḄᱥ¢ᓄ»¼஺2003A25.2-1½ᓄᱥ/0"ᵫ>ᢓᑴÀÁᑡÃÄ⁐:Cyt
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42R■ᑤஹUV◭XAஹYZO[\||ᢙ■XAஹBAL]2004X133.2-1ÁᑡÃÔᓄᔠᱥÖ>LmÓ⏚ᓄᔠᱥ×A.I,6ØÓ⏚B.Ó⏚Ù⏣ÚÛ⏚C.ÜÓ⏚Ý⏣D.Ó⏚Ý⏚2004X133.2-1BDজ±ᨵLmÓ⏚ÞḄᓄßᱥ"LmÓ⏚ᓄᔠᱥ஺LmᓄᔠᱥᒹÎATPஹGTP,UTPஹCTPஹÓ⏚Ý⏚ஹÓ⏚Ù⏣ÚÛ⏚ஹà⏒Ó⏚ஹà⏒coA஺ᐸ/ATP"âᵨLmᓄᔠᱥ"ᱥmNãäÒᑭᵨḄ/å஺2Ó⏚Ù⏣ÚÛ⏚ÒÓ⏚Ý⏚ᑖæ±1çLmÓ⏚Þ!ÔLmÓ⏚Þè$,ḄmNIADPÓ⏚ᓄᡂATPéZm23Ó⏚ÙêÚÛ⏚ÒÓ⏚Ý⏚"LmÓ⏚ᓄᔠᱥ஺stuÝ⏚A"LmᓄᔠᱥÓ⏚ᓄëḄÓ⏚Ý⏚ᑣ"Lmᓄᔠᱥ஺ঝ1,6.Ó⏚ᑖì/í1,6É"Ó⏚îÞ஺ÜÓ⏚Ý⏣ᑖìᙠí1,2,5É^"Ó⏚îÞA"LmÓ⏚Þ23ïðA"LmÓ⏚ᓄᔠᱥ஺ñ⚪[1999N0144]ὃ»஺1994A5.2-2ÁᑡÃÄᓄᔠᱥ/A±LmÓ⏚Þ×A.1,6-Ó⏚B.Ó⏚®᧖C.1,3-Ó⏚ᵞö⏚D.Ó⏚Ù⏣ÚÛ⏚E.Ó⏚Ý⏚1994A5.2-2A▅ூ2004X133.2-1],[1999X144.2-2],1,6-Ó⏚ᑖì/í1ஹ6É"Ó⏚îÞ,A±LmÓ⏚ÞA"LmᓄᔠᱥBCDEᙳ±LmÓ⏚Þ஺tuvÝ⏚A"LmᓄᔠᱥÓ⏚ᓄëḄÓ⏚Ý⏚ᑣ"Lmᓄᔠᱥ1994A12.2-2úûT⌕ḄüýZmᱥW"A.ℍ⃔B.ᾦk⏚C.Ó⏚Ý⏚D.GTPE.ATP1994A12.2-2EúûTḄ⌕üýZmᱥW"ATP஺GTPØþAüýZmÿᙠ᪶᧖⏚⏘ḄᓄATP⏚஺ᑁḄ⏚⏚⏚ADP,ᡂATP஺ℍ⃔#$ᾦ⏚ᙠᑁ&'ᓄ(.*+,-ATP஺.ᱥᑁᨬḄ12$ᑭᵨ5+6ATP-7Ḅ஺1995A5.2-289⏚:;<ᵨḄᳮ>?ᙠ@A.₝⏒C⏚DᐭFGHI'ᓄB.JᢝFGᑁ᜜ᨵ⏚ḄN⊝C.PQRS⏚ஹ₝⏒C⏚SU<ᵨD.-VW⏚XYZ[\Ḅ₝⏒C⏚E.]^NADH+H+Ḅ2HDᐭFGᑁ1995A5.2-2E

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A.ℍ⃔HB.6Q⏚ℍ⃔HC.1Q⏚ℍ⃔HD.1,6RQ⏚HE.5Q⏚᪶H2000A28.2-2E]p
3᪶ᵞ⏚ᔠᡂḄᜧXᵫQ⏚HIḄ5PQ⏚᪶H
ᔠᡂ3᪶ᵞ⏚ḄLMOᧇ.ᨬLMὶ᪶ᵞ⏚ᔠᡂHḄᱥ
5PQ⏚᪶H஺/ᫀE஺Q⏚HP5PQ⏚᪶HPRPPᔠᡂ⏘Q⏚᪶HᯖQ⏚(PRPP)-5—Q⏚᪶H(PRA)-…P3᪶᧖⏚(IMP)-AMPஹGMP-ADPஹGDP-ATPஹGTP஺A.663B.ᵬ≈nC.ᩖ¡⏚D.¢3⏣

55E.¤HC✌2000B97.2-2¦᡾dUMPtuIᡂdTMPḄ
2000B98.2-2ᢓᑴ3Gᓄ⏙Ḅ
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pᑡrᓄᔠᱥᑖḄᱥwA.AMPB.CMPC.GMPD.IMP2000X145.2-2ACD⏚
3᪶ᵞ⏚Ḅᑖᱥ஺᪶ᵞ⏚f᪶ᵞf¯6+1—Q⏚᪶H1■⏚஺AMP-*---*|´3Gᓄ⏘3Gᓄ⏘_________¶--------------►ᘽ-----------------¸¹GMPߟ´»3|IAMPஹG\IP½IMPḄᵯᑖᱥ
⏚¿IMP3᪶⏚À஺CMP
PQ⏚C᧖,
ᗌE᪶ᵞ⏚Xᐸᱥ
BP%⏚ஹJ½RGᓄÄ஺2002A25.2-2ᙠᑁ[ᑖIᡂB6ÆÇ⏚Ḅ
A.AMPB.GMPC.CMPD.UMPE.TMP2002A25.2-2Eᗌᗚ᪶ᵞ⏚ḄᑖÉCᖽEC-ᗌEU------P-Ë6%⏚fB-%⏚+CO2+NH3Î>ÏETf——f--B-Ð6ÆÇ⏚fB-6ÆÇ⏚+CO2+NH3জᙠᑁ[ᑖIᡂB-6ÆÇ⏚Ḅ
TMP஺CMPஹUMPḄᑖᱥ
B-%⏚஺ঝAMPஹGMPᙠ᪶ᵞ⏚⏘ÓᵨpÕᡂ>Ö½»᧖X×ᑖ¯6¿AஹGÀ½1-Q⏚᪶HXAஹGᨬØᑖ⏚஺A.5PÙᗌEB.ᩖ¡⏚C.Rὅᙳ
D.RὅᙳÜ2002C123.2-2ᢓᑴIMP-AMPḄÝἠஹᗌE᪶ᵞ⏚ᢙᱥḄ
2002C124.2-2ᢓᑴUTP---CTPḄ3ஹßà᪶ᵞ⏚ᢙᱥḄ
2002C123.2-2D2002C124.2-2B5PÙᗌE¿5-FUÀ½ᩖ¡⏚⌕
¦᡾ᗌE᪶ᵞ⏚஺Ïâ᪶᧖⏚ᢙᱥḄÓᵨãä᝞pXæὃ,

56᝞[2000N097]ஹ[1999N028].[1996N029]»Tᩖ¡⏚UMP----------►UTP»CTP♦CDP----------KUICDPUDP-AdUDP>dUMPAdTMP5FUஹᵬ≈2003A26.2-2ᩖ¡⏚¦᡾᪶ᵞ⏚ᔠᡂ
èḄé᪀ëìíA.¡⏚B.ᵞ⏚C.ᜩm⏚D.ᜩm⏒E.î⏒2003A26.2-2EᢙᑺðìíÓᵨ6MPIMPÓᵨãäᨬñḄᢙᑺXᢓᑴIMPtuAMPஹGMPòᩖ¡⏚î⏒¦᡾î⏒ᙠ3᪶ᵞ⏚óḄÓᵨXᢓᑴ3᪶᧖⏚Ḅᔠᡂᵬ≈k⏚ᢓᑴRjk⏚NO⏘Xôõk⏚NOFH2öFH4¢3⏣3ᢓᑴ3Gᓄ⏘X÷ø⏚^ᡂ஺ᵨíùᶭûü5-ÙýᗌEÎ>ᗌEᢓᑴÎᵞ⏚ᔠ⏘XôõdUMP-dTMP(ᓽdTMPḄᔠᡂ)¤HC᧖᪶᧖ᢓᑴCDPNOᡂdCDP,ÿ
DNAḄᔠᡂ?ONH,-C-CH-COOHNYHᔆLO-CH-COOH⏙Ὺ11ᩖᡈᦈ᝞ᡠ.ᩖ⏚᡾᪶ᵞ⏚ᔠᡂ"#$%&Ḅ'᪀)*+⏒+(E)஺2004A25.2-2ᔠᡂ.ἠ0ஹᗞ.3Ḅᐳᵨ6ᧇ#A.ᵞ⏚B.—8ᓫ:C.⏚D.ᜩ<⏚E.=ᵬ⏒8⏚2004A25.2-2D?@ABC▅ூ2006X133.2-2],)*⚪ூ1998X144.2-2௃஺Hᓫ:ḄI⌕KᳮMN#O%P0QᗌSḄᔠᡂ6ᧇ"T᝞Nio-CHO-FH"UN,5Nio=CH-FH"iᑖWXYP0ᔠᡂZC2QC8Ḅᩭ\"]ᵯCH-FHqXY_ᵞ⏚(dTMP)ᔠᡂZᵬ=Ḅᩭ\"$`BᫀB⚗cdef஺2005X135.2-2CUP0gᔠᡂḄ6ᧇᩭhiᑡklᱥnA.ᵬ⏒=B.opqr⏚C.ᜩ<⏚D.=ᵬ⏒8⏚2005X135.2-2AC

57C▅ூ2004A25.2-2A.UTPB.UDPC.UMPD.IMPE.dUMP2006B111.2-2stuvKᡂdUDPḄᓄᔠᱥ#2006B112.2-2stuvKᡂdTMPḄᓄᔠᱥ#2006B1H.2-2B2006B112.2-2E.xS᪶ᵞ⏚yᜮᔠᡂᜧ|ᒹ~i"=ᵬ⏒8⏚Ḅᔠᡂ;UMPḄᔠᡂCTPḄᔠᡂῃ_ᗌS᪶ᵞ⏚ḄKᡂ஺yi"stuv%dUDPḄᓄᔠᱥ#UDP,stuv:dTMPḄᓄᔠᱥ#dUMPo2006X133.2-2P0Ḅᔠᡂ6ᧇᨵA.ᵞ⏚B.ᜩ<⏒+C.⏚D.C022006X133.2-2ADi%.ἠ0Ḅ'᪀.i%ᗌḄ'᪀"ᐸᔠᡂḄᐗᩭ\%জP0ᔠᡂḄᐗᩭ\“ᵞ⏚"ᙶ஺ᜩ<"ᜮ⚔ᓄH"஺ঝ£¤ᔠᡂḄᐗᩭ\“ᜩ<⏚"⏒s¥¦"ᒕ¨©ᱥᓄH”஺«¬3:Nᩭ\⏒+ஹi2:ḄCᩭ\COḄCo®2ঞP0Ḅᔠᡂ6ᧇᜩ<⏚ஹ⏒+ஹᵞ⏚ஹCO,FH4«2ট±²Ḅᔠᡂ6ᧇᜩ<⏚ஹ⏒+ஹCOo22007A32.2-2ᔠᡂdTMPḄst³´#-A.dUMPP197L14B.dCDPC.dUDPD.dCMP2007A32.2-2AC▅ூ2006B112.2-2
஺¶⚪1999A28.2-2
ஹ·1996A29.2-3
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58A᪆:dTMP#ᵫῃ¿.xÀ᪶ᵞ⏚(:dUMP)Âᵬ=ᓄÃKᡂḄ஺ÄÅᵫ_ᵞ⏚ᔠ⏘(thymidylatesynthase)Çᓄ஺N5N1஺-ᵬÈÉÊË⏚KᡂḄÊË⏚᫃ÍÂÊË⏚Î6⏘ḄOᵨ஺ÏÐKᡂÉÊË⏚"dUMPᩭhÑ⌶Ó#:dUDPḄÔA"ÕÑ#:dCMPḄῃ=Ö×%I஺_ᵞ⏚ᔠᡂUÊË⏚Î6⏘ØÙᵨÚ᷈ᓄᶭḄ☰Þ஺1996A29.2-3DTMPᔠᡂḄst³´#A.UDPB.DUMPC.UMPD.DUDPE.DCMP1996A29.2-3BC▅ூ2002C123.2-22002C124.2-2௃஺ডᱥnàáḄὶã1995A6.2-2äUᾦæ⏚ç=⏚èὅàáḄêëÞ#A.8⏚È⏣íî⏚B.íî⏚C.ïðñ⏚D.ᴁó⏚E.ô⏒COA1995A6.2-2EA᪆ூὃÞä"ᾦæ⏚ç=⏚àáḄὶã௃1õ᪆¶⚪Åö÷Ḅᐵù#ᾦæ⏚dvᡂ3CḄíî⏚Q8⏚È⏣íî⏚"¸duvᡂ4CḄïðñ⏚Qᴁó⏚"úûAᡂô⏒COA,üýþ3ÿ
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81B.⌮23⏘P315B14-1C.Z[\⏘D.RNAaᔠ⏘2007A167.2-3BDNAᢈIḄLᐹ⏘"▲ᑴឋ᪶⏚ᑁᑗ⏘"klᱯmᑡᑗᒘDNADNA=⏘"oᓄqᡂs⏚tuv?wDNAᑗxyz{w|DNAᑖᡈᱏ=DNAaᔠ⏘I"জᔠᡂcDNAḄtᩩ{ঝxᑴ┐{ঞDNAᑡᑖ᪆{ট⊡3'23⏘"জᔠᡂcDNA{ঝDNAaᔠ⏘I⊡?᪗ᡈDNAᑡᑖ᪆6a᪶ᵞ⏚⏘"oᓄ6a᪶ᵞ⏚5's⏚ᓄ?ᡈ᪗┐2⏘"ᙠ3'¡6aᱥ¢£¤ឋs⏚⏘"ᑗ◀s⏚2007A168.2-3EᢣA.§23¨.ẠḄẆ«⚞B.®ᱥ1ᐹᨵḄᡠᨵ⍡±²³Ḅ´µP288L17C.Ẇ«Ḅ᪀,¹º»⊤¼4ᱥḄ¨½⚞D.ᒹ¿23¨µÀÁ¡¨ÂᑁÃḄ½¨⚞2007A168.2-3BÄ1Å.EᢣᨵÆ1ஹÇÈᡈÉÊᘤḄᐰA⍡±²³Ḅ´µ஺ᙠ᪶ᱥ?EᢣᝅᓫÏ1Ð⁐1DNA«Ä2Å.¨EᢣÓÔµÕᵨDNAᑴÖஹ×ØᢈI»ÙÚÛÜ?ᑖ᪆Æ1ᐰA᪀µ¹º஺¨ᒹÝ᪀¨ஹ¹º¨µÞ¨஺2008A38.13-4ᑡᐵà᪶᪀ᱯḄáâ?┯äḄE-A.<=>B.᪀%ᜧC.ᜧåᑡD.234ᱥ.6P298L132008A38.13-4—DZ᪆:᪶ç᪀ᱯ"1.᪶᪀%ᜧ.èé/ᱥçDNAᵫ(3X10%pĤëÅḄ᪶ᵞ⏚ᡂ.'/Ùᑜ×í'Ḅᜧ(ᨵ3)-4)?ᢥïṹ1500᪶ᵞ⏚ÙÚ?ðñ(ᓰᐰAḄ6%.ó᜜ôᨵ5%-10%Ḅ?ᐸö80%-90%Ḅèé/÷ºøᨵùḄ⍡±¨¹º,ðE᪶ú$᪶ûᯠ<Ḅ.ó᜜?᪶ÉÊDNAúÀÁᔠqᡂᩖḄÐ⁐¡᪀?⊤¼þÿᑴᩖ.2.ᓫ.᪶.᪶ᱥᓫᓽṹᡂmRNAᑖ,"#$ᡂᩩ&'(.)&᪶*+,ᵫ.ᩩḄ&'(0ᡂ1ᙠ᪶345ᙠ&67⊤9Ḅ:⚪.3.<=ᑡ.<=ᑡ?<0ᙳᱥAᓄᨵᐵ.EF<=ᑡGᙠ7HI᝞KLI⊦N7HI?EF⏘ᡈ*+QᔠSTᑣVWXDNAᑴ7Hᐹᨵ<⌕[\4]^ឋ᪶Q᪀ab5ᙠᨵcḄdṹ=ᑡeef⊤9Ḅ7HIᙠṹᑁhiᨵᑁj᜜lmᑖ.1᪶f]^ḄA.KlenowᱏoB.]p⏘C.qឋr⏚⏘D.tuv⏘2008B127.2-3wᵨyᔠᡂcDNAz{(Ḅ⏘f2008B128.2-3wᵨy᪗}~(DNA3W^Ḅ⏘f2008B127--A2008B128—A᪆:ᜧᩚDNAᔠ⏘IḄKlenowᱏoE.coliDNAPolIKlenowfragmentKlenowᔠ⏘ᡈKlenowᜧ0ᱏo⏘஺fᵫᜧᩚDNAᔠ⏘Iᐰ⏘"₝ᩚ*+⏘*+,ᑖ⏘ᜐᳮmᩭḄᑖ76x103dalḄᜧᱏoᑖ஺Klenowᔠ⏘ᐹᨵ5--3'Ḅᔠឋ3--5'᪶⏚᜜ᑗ⏘ឋᜫᐰ⏘Ḅ5--3'Ḅ᪶⏚᜜ᑗ⏘ឋ஺ᙠDNAᑖ¡◖£Klenowᔠ⏘Ḅ¤⌕ᵨ⌶ᨵ:a.¦⊡"▲ᑴ⏘©ᓄḄDNAᡠ«ᡂḄ3'◚tu;b.᪗}DNAᱏoḄtu;c,cDNA¡◖£Ḅz{(cDNAḄᔠᡂ¯d.DNA=ᑡ°±஺

82A.CAPQᔠSTB.·¸=ᑡC.¹º=ᑡD.Q᪀ṹ=ᑡ2008B131.2-3ᑖ¼½ᱥ¾*+ᙠDNAḄQᔠhSf2008B132.2-3¿À*+ᙠDNAḄQᔠhSf2008B131—A2008B132—C᪆¯E.coliḄÆǹºjZஹY?AËQ᪀ᑖÌṹBÍÆÇ᧖ÏஹÐ⏘Ñ⏒v⏘஺1᜜Óᨵ¹º=ᑡ0operator,0·¸=ᑡPPromoter,P?7⁚1»1ṹ¿À*Þὅ0=ᑡQᔠ๺á¿Àâᜐyᐵãä᝱:.ᙠ·¸=ᑡPæçÓᨵᑖ¼½ᱥ¾*+{catabolitegeneacti}vatorproteinQᔠST஺ᵫP=ᑡ0=ᑡCAPQᔠSTᐳ᪀ᡂÆﹺḄ7HIË⏘Ḅṹᓽᵫ7HI7⁚ðñᱥḄ67⊤9஺1994X140.2-4AòóôðõöwᵨḄᢈøᨵA.ᑖᩖùᢈøB.DNAû┐ᢈøC.,ý<0ᢈøD.7Hᢈø1994X140.2-4ABCᵨḄᢈᨵᑖᩖᢈᒹ!DNA$┐ᢈ&'()*+ᢈ஺-.ᢈ/01ᵨᢈ234ᓄᭆ72-44ᓄ8⚪জ;<=>?@1997A25.2-2AB⏚ᓄDE(FGH⏚IḄDEJ⏘2A.DEJ⏘CB.LM1cAMPḄDEJ⏘C.LM1cGMPḄDEJ⏘D.SrcDEJ⏘E.B⏚ᓄ⏘bJ⏘1997A25.2-2I&AB⏚ᓄDE(FGH⏚IḄDEJ⏘2SrcDEJ⏘஺2004A30.2-2Z[\];<ᑁcAMP_`Ḅ⏘2A.Bᾦ⏘B.DEJ⏘AC.bc⏚dᓄ⏘D.DEJ⏘CE.GH⏚DEJ⏘2004A30.2-2CATPᙠbᵞ⏚dᓄ⏘ḄiᵨjkᯖB⏚dᓄ4ᡂcAMP஺cAMPᙠB⏚no⏘Ḅiᵨjᑖpq5'-AMPsᜫu஺bᵞ⏚dᓄ⏘uឋwxᑣcAMP4ᡂwz{B⏚no⏦uឋwxᑣcAMP}p~஺A.cAMP_`ᨵᐵḄ⏘2bᵞ⏚dᓄ⏘'B⏚no⏘ABDE⚗ᐵ஺81

83ATP*AMP-AMP()2005A36.2-2AMP᪀Jujᑡ⏘A.Bᾦ⏘AB.DEJ⏘AC.DEJ⏘CD.DEJ⏘GE.GH⏚DEJ⏘2005A36.2-2B▅(2005N020)l஺Jᔠ¡cDE¢@iᵨ1b᧖⏚dᓄ⏦¤¥;<ᑁ¦n=§cAMP¨©wxᡈ}«¬s®ᡈᢓᑴLMcAMPḄDEJ⏘A,²44ᱥ´ᦔ¶஺ᐸ¸D¹J⏘Ḅiᵨºᳮ(2005N020)஺1999X146.2-3;<ᑁ=>?⌴Ḅ¦n=§ᱥ(ᨵA.cAMPB.Ca2+C.DG(DAG)D.%1999X146.2-3ABCD¦n=§ᱥ(ᢣᙠ;<ᑁ?⌴=>ḄÁᑖᓄᔠᱥ஺᝞cAMPஹcGMPஹCa2+ஹIP3ஹDAGஹCerÅ஺2002A31.2-3GDE2ᢣA.DEJ⏘AB.Æᵞ⏚dᓄ⏘C.DEJ⏘GD.GrB2ᔠDEE.Æᵞ⏚ᔠDE2002A31.2-3EGDE2ᢣÇᵞ⏚ᔠDE(guanylatebindingprotein)¸2ÑÒ'GTPᡈGDPᔠḄÓ1;<<Ô☢Ḅ᜜ᕜDEᵫa8Ú3Û+ᡂ஺GDEḄÒÜz/ÝḄGDEᱯßḄà'áâ〉¶Ḅᦔ¶⏘Ꮤå¥ᩭ§ὅèᢵâ¶Ḅ4ᱥ´ê1997A32.2-4§GTPᔠDEëḄGsÛìᜫGTP⏘uឋḄ2A.íîïB.ðñòïC.EᗕïD.ᢙ◭AE.ö÷ø1997A32.2-4Aজíîï/A⌮Ḅú⛲GDEs\]ᐸê஺íîï2Ñᵫ23Û+ᡂḄzüᐸëÑ3Ûq⏘Aᐭ;<ᑁþᓄG,ḄADP᪶ᓄᐸᜫGTPḄᑁᙠGTP⏘ឋ஺Gᢝ᧖⏚ᓄ⏘ឋᢝcAMPᜧ"#$%&'()*+,-᪀/ᦋ123ῳ5஺ঝ-ᗕ89:;᪶=ᱥ?@ABeEF-2H=ADPJᓄᜫKLMNᔠᡂ?@஺ঞᢙ89AᢓᑴUᔾNWᔠXHI[CytbaCytcicḄᵯBe⌴ghKiUᔾN஺টklmnaUᔾNWᔠXI[Ḅop,-qᔠKiᵯBe⌴஺2003A32.2-4rs(ᑁtXHᢵvᵨḄ9:A.yz9B.ᵬ}9C.~⊈9

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