海南省2021—2022年普通高中学业水平选择性考试化学真题及参考答案

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ᓭḕ2021—2022⌱ឋὃᓄ⚪ὃᫀ

1ᓭḕ2021⌱ឋὃᓄ⚪.................3ᓭḕ2021⌱ឋὃᓄ⚪ὃᫀ...........9ᓭḕ2022⌱ឋὃᓄ⚪.................12ᓭḕ2022⌱ឋὃᓄ⚪ὃᫀ..........19

2ᓭḕ2021⌱ឋὃᓄ⚪ᵨᑮḄ!"#$%&'H1C12N14O16Na23(ஹ⌱⚪'*⚪ᐳ8,⚪-.,⚪2ᑖ-ᐳ16ᑖ஺ᙠ.,⚪23Ḅ45⌱⚗-7ᨵ(⚗9:ᔠ⚪⌕=Ḅ஺1.20209ᨴ22ᔣᐰ!2060"#$%&஺(ᑡ*+,ᑭ.ᜧ0CO?12Ḅ4A.ᵨ6ᣓ890ḄCO2,:ᐸ<ᓄ=>?B.ᜧ@ABᵨCDஹDஹFDGHIDJC.ᜧ@ABᵨKL#$MNOPQRSTD.UV᪛⌼᪍ᑭᵨᐝᔠ\ᵨᔾᦈᜧ0ḄCO?2.ᐗ`◌bcde὏ghijk“mMnoᩈ=qᱏᐸↈ=tᰚvwxᩈᱏ⚔zᑖ|}~……,~ᵨ஺''(ᑡᨵᐵ⌲Ḅ4A.:oᩈnↈ=tᱏᨵ.~&B.“~”~&ᑭᵨᱥḄឋC.“~”~&,ḄD<ᓄD.vw4“~”~&¡Ḅ¢ᓄᑺ3.ᵨ᝞¥¦§ᑴ!K©Ḅ0ªaஹb⊤¬ᐭḄᑺ¯D#$Ḅ4⌱⚗0ªabAH2sÁH2so4FeSB02ὡ஺2ÃÄMnO2CNOÅHNO,Æᱏ24.°±ᜐᜐᨵᓄ஺(ᑡ┯´Ḅ4DNH.Å6CaOA.ᜩᯠ·¸Ḅ¹⌕ᡂᑖ4¼½¾¿B.ᜩᯠ0Ḅ¹⌕ᡂᑖ4ᵬÈC.¾¿ᵨ\É¢ÊᑺD,½Ëᵨ\ÌÍᑺ5.SF6ᵨ\Î~ᵯÐÑḄÒÓ0ªᑖÔᕈÖ×☢ªÙ᪀᝞¥ᡠ¬஺ᨵᐵSF6ḄÖÜḄ4

3A.4ß᩽ឋᑖÔB.âãNFSFçG.90°c.SìFíîᐳᵨᵯÔðñᔣsD.SôÔõö8ᵯÔøùÙ᪀6.ûüឋ␺þGÅÿḄKNOஹNHc1ஹNa2cO3ᑡḄ4A.pHB.ᯚ⁐#$C.&'A1CLD.&'⛳+Ca(OH%./7.NA1⊤34'567ᦪḄ9஺ᑡ;<=ḄA.0.1mo127Al3+CDᨵḄᵯGᦪH1.3NAB.3.9gNa2(D2CDᨵᐳLMḄᦪNH0.1NAC.0.lmolO(H2N-NH2)DᨵḄRᵯGSᦪH0.2NAD.CH2VH2+H2UᓄᑺaCH3cH3,Yᡂ1mol[\]^_ḄᐳLM`ᦪHNA8.ᑴᜓd᯼fḄghC(s)+H2O(g)UH2(g)+CO(g)AHX),ᑡ;<=ḄA.lghAS<0B.ᓣpqrghs᳛uᜧC.ឤquᜧ`xH20(g)Ḅy⊝{ᓄ᳛|D.ឤqឤx'ᐭUᓄᑺy⊝7ᦪuᜧ~ஹ⌱⚪⚪ᐳ6⚪⚪4ᑖᐳ24ᑖ஺⚪ᨵᡈ⌱⚗ᔠ⚪஺<=ᫀᒹ⌱⚗⌱0ᑖ<=ᫀᒹ⌱⚗⌱<=2ᑖ,⌱<=4ᑖ⌕⌱┯0ᑖ஺9.Cᙠy⊝2NH/NH+NHO᝞¢ᡠ¤Hᵯ¥¦§¨©KNH2ḄHᵯ¥ᵯ32¥ª«Caஹbឋᵯ᩽°ᨵf±²Y஺ᑡᨵᐵ;<=ḄA.bᵯ᩽´µḄᵯ¶Ḅ·᩽

4B.aᵯ᩽ḄghH2NH3+2e=H?+2NHC.ᵯ¥ª«C▢᩽▬½K+¾r¿D.ᳮÁ°᩽²YḄfÂᱥÄḄÅÆÇH1:110.ÉᕜËÌÍᐗÏXஹYஹZஹWḄÓGÔᦪÕÖuᜧXY-×GØÙ2ᑖGᙳDᨵ14ᵯGÛÜ°Ýᵯ¥⛳+ZWdḄÞßY²àHáâÞß஺ᑡᑨ^<=ḄA.ÓGäåW>ZB.ᨬpLèᓄᱥShḄdᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋY>XC.ᓄᔠᱥZXYḄdᕈ⏚ឋD.ëXY%ᑖGCìᨵ஺MíᨵᐔM11.ᐵïNH3ឋÄḄ¥ðᔠᳮḄ⌱⚗ឋÄ¥ðAÇPH,ò᧕ᓄNH,ᑖGô5ö÷øᜧBᰚúpïPH?N-HMḄMûÇP-HᜧCûØAg+©üýMþᔠN4Cÿ
ᨵᵯ
DᙠNHNH&O
ᓄᔠᱥ12.ᡃᓄᔺⅾ"#$ẚ&'“ᕡ*”Ḅ-./&01234•ᕡ*Ḅ$⌕ᡂᑖ9:⏚ᓫ=>஺X:⏚AB᪀D4᝞FGḄHᑖI᪀JKL:⏚ᐹᨵNHḄOPQRSLᦪU஺FᑡᨵᐵXYZ[ḄHOOC-CH-CH-CH-COOH22INH2>?⏚A.:⏚ᑖ
49C5H8NO4B.:⏚ᑖ
ᨵ2bcឋe
C.:⏚ᓫ=PfgD.XḄᦪUAhijJI᪀Gᨵ8R13.25࠷m,ᔣ10.00mL0.1000mol-E'ḄNaHCO?fz{|0.1000mol•!?Ḅ>⏚,fzḄpH|ᐭḄ>⏚ḄJVᓄ᝞ᡠ஺FᑡᨵᐵXYZ[Ḅ

5A.aKfzpH>7ᵫgHCO&ᜧgᵯB.bKcANa+
=cAHCO-
+2cCOj+cCljC.cKfzḄH+$⌕ᩭ#HCOḄᵯD.d,cANa+
=cCFG=0.1000mol1'14.FᑡKBZ[Ḅ⌱B⚗¡¢ᮞᐜA⁐JXK1ᡂḄJᐭ¡¢ᮞX9co¥¦§¡B25࠷mKᔣ⁐ḄYfz{|1¨2{©ª«zfz¬9⁐YfzḄpH<7ᙠ®ᓃḄ°ᔠfz{|KSCNfz±²³Cfz¬9º⁐»ᓄឋSCN

6(3)ঝᨔḄᐭHCl(g)ḄḄ஺(4)DᨔKSCN!"஺(5)#$DfEḄᓄ&'()*஺(6)ᵫD,ᓄᡂEḄ.(/0123456ᑏ89:01Ḅ;<ᑺ,?@ABBCD;<ᑺEFe3+;<஺16.(10ᑖ)HIᐸᓄᔠᱥMḄ,ᓄNOPᙠRᯠTIUVḄ32W3X/஺YZ25࠷,100kPa\জ1molℍ⃔`CHO(s)aᐰcd3ᡂCO2(g)WHO(1),e82804kJ஺61262ঝCO(g)+fC)2(g)=CC)2(g)AH=-283kJ-mol-1³´µ⚪\(1)25"CCO(g)·HQপ¸ᐝᔠᵨ3ᡂℍ⃔`c6Hl2()6(s)W஺2(g)Ḅᓄ&'()*2(2)25࠷,100kPag᝱ᑖijk1molᓄ&lḄᯏno*lᯚ஺qZ0=0ஹC=OlḄlᯚᑖs*495kJmor\799kJ-mol-1,CO(g)ᑖi/HtlḄlᯚ*kJ-mol1=(3)ḄCO?uᨵwᑖ,ᓄ*H2co3(aq),ᜧwᑖyᔠCO2Ḅz)PᙠᔠCO20ᵨCC)2(aq)⊤}஺qZ25࠷H2co3(aq)UCO2e4)+0পḄ⊝ᦪK=600,#$Ḅ᳛0⊤}*V(H2co3)="(H2co3),⌮#$Ḅ᳛0⊤}*V(CO2)=Z2c(C02),ᑣk2=(ᵨIḄᦪ)⊤})஺(4)25࠷Ḅ⊤☢3#$\CaSO(s)+CO1-(aq)^CaCO(s)+SOf(aq),ᐸ43⊝ᦪK=oqZKKCaSOj/.lxICr2***6**,K(CaCO)=2.8xIO-9sp3(5)▲ᑴḄᦪ⌕<9¡ᔾ23Ḅg£¤¥ᨵẚ§ᵨ¨ᓄ&⊝Ḅ©ª«¬ᐸ<__________o17.(12ᑖ)4®⏒°(N0C1)0*ᨵ±ᔠᡂ²ᑺ஺ºᓄᑺYZ\জ2NO+J2N0C19»¼ªঝ½¾\NOC1*-6࠷,Cl?*-34࠷,NO*-152࠷஺ঞN0C1᧕Á1·஺2#$஺ÂẆÄÅÆᵨNOWC1?ᙠ᝞Èᡠ}ÊË/ᑴᜓN0C1,ᑖͳᦈÏ#$Ḅ<ᧇ஺

7DÑgÒ—)Úg³ᦈºᓄᑺÔ¼ÕÖAÔ¼ÕÖB³´µ⚪:(1)ᐭCl?WNOâᐜᐭägᵨfåᘤDḄço(2)Eºᓄᑺéêᙠëᴻíîïðñòóᙠëᴻô/Ḅ(3)ABᡠ◤ḄNO0ᵨNaNO?WFeSO4ᙠüHzS஺/#$ᑴÿ
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ᱥḄᧇAḄᑴᙠ.,!ᘤCᦈ%Ḅᱥ&'(5))⁐Ḅ+,-⍗ᑮ0,1234⁐5'18.(14ᑖ)9ᵬ;<'=>ᢙ@ABCDEFGᧇḄᔠᡂJK᝞M:HOH*?H2OrAᓄᑺHCNCHJCH=CH2CfCHjCHCH,CC3H6OHjC-C-CNOHOARc+?H,0D0H2O,HC2H5OH,H*1-£—|(NH^CO—►HjC-C-COOHNaOC?%,CH3D9ᵬ;IBPQR⚪:(1)AḄTU',AVWXYḄᱥ..(2)BḄ᪶]ᐳ_`aᨵcd஺(3)AfBஹBfCḄijᑖk(4)DmᡠopqrTU(5)D-EḄvwCCx┯zᧇᔠᡂ{ᜮ⏚(H0°C-CH2-E^C°°H)ḄJK()ᑺ(6)⌱).NaCN?IজR-BrR-CN@-c-cBr19.(14ᑖ)WX≈ᓄᔠᱥᙠᓄmᨵḼ⌕ᵨ஺HMn(CO)5'═Ḅ=>¢ᓫ¤ᓄᔠ

8ᱥᐸ¦᪀¨©ª᝞M஺PQR⚪(1)᝱═Ḅ¬ᵯ᣸°஺(2)ᓄᔠᱥmḄm±ᦪ'ᢣm±´µᡂ¶ḄḄᦪ·஺HMn(CO)5m┶Ḅᦪ»(3)º=ᵯ
qḄᜧ¼C0(½“ᜧ¿”ᡈ¼¿")஺(4)COmÃḄᩖᓄÅ⍝ij',ᑏÈ=>VCOᐹᨵÊË0¦᪀Ḅ-1¬)⏚᪷
ḄᓄÍ«(5)CH3Mn(CO)5ÏÐÑ'HMn(C0)5mḄ`ÒᵬÓÔḄᱥ஺CH3Mn(CO)5VbÏᵨ¿ᑴᜓCHI,Ö×ØḄᦪÙ2CH3Mn(CO)5V12ḄᓄÍ஺3(6)MnSᨔÛVNaClᨔÛX¿Ë>ij᝞ªᡠ¨஺ÖὅḄᰚÞßàá¿×ὅᐸâ⌕5'஺OMnOSCᨔÛãᦪᓫäåæᙶ᪗éÏC⊤¨ᨔÛmᔜḄìUᙶ᪗஺ᙠMnSᨔÛᙶ᪗émaÞíᙶ᪗,bÞ═ᙶ᪗ᑣcÞïᙶ᪗ðᓭḕ2021óôõámÍö÷ø⌱ùឋὃ

9ᓄÍü⚪ãὃQᫀ=ஹ⌱ù⚪1.C2.D3.B4.A5.A6.C7.C8.B9ஹ⌱ù⚪9.B10.BD11.C12.CD13AB14.Dÿஹ
⌱⚪15.(1)ᧅ(2)BD(3)■(4)⊈⁐(5)FeCl-6HO+6SOCl=FeCl+6SOT+12HC1T32232(6)জ.SOঝ.ᐜ-.⏚⏚ᓄ12-1345⁐671ᑣ9:;<216.(1)6CO(g)+6HO(l)=CHO(S)+6O(g)AH=+2804kJ/mol2261262k(2)664.75(3)—600(4)3.25xlO3(5)IJKLḄCO2NOPQRS⌕ᡂᑖCaCChY4N⌮[\CO+HO+CaCO^Ca2++2HCO223VCO2_-1`⊝bᔣde1CaCO3fg1PQRhi17.(1)জ.᣸klmnḄop1■OopnḄ[\1■⍗opnḄrঝ.stu(2)_ᜧOpwḄxy☢{1-|[\}᳛(3)NO+Fe2++2H+=NOT+Fe3++HO22(4)জ.-34࠷

10oHOHle-(5)H3C—C-COOH+CH3CH2OH-iH2cH4H319.(1)3d54s2(2)6(3)(4)জ.sp2ঝ.NO(5)CH3MMCO)+L-C&I+Mnl{CO)5(0,1,1/2)(6)জ.MnSn▢□¢£ᡠ¥ᵯ₹ᦪ©NaClḄª1¢£«¬®ᜧঝ.

11¯ᓭḕ2022²³´µn¶·`⌱ឋὃºᓄ¶»⚪EFG⚗:1.ᔁJ-ὃKLMNOPḄQRஹSὃTUVᑏᙠ⚪ᓱY஺2.Z⌱⚪[-⌱3.,⚪ᫀ\-ᵨ]^_⚪ᓱY"`⚪Ḅᫀ᪗Ubc஺᝞◤ᦋg-ᵨhijkl\-m⌱bᐸoᫀ᪗U-Zp⌱⚪[-Nᫀᑏᙠ⚪ᓱY-ᑏᙠ*ᔁYqᦔ஺3.ὃst\-N*ᔁu⚪ᓱ(vwZ஺ᵨᑮḄ!"#$%&'H1C12N14O16P31Fe56(ஹ⌱⚪'*⚪ᐳ8,⚪-.,⚪2ᑖ-ᐳ16ᑖ஺ᙠ.,⚪23Ḅ45⌱⚗-7ᨵ(⚗9:ᔠ⚪⌕=Ḅ஺1.ᓄ¶O¼½4¾¿¿Àᐵ஺ÃᑡÅÆ┯〈Ḅ9ÉÊA.ËᵨÍÎᱛÐÑ⚜■◞ÔB.ÕᡭḄS⌕ᡂᑖ9Na2cO3C.Nᵨ×Ø◀ÚÛnḄÜ⏚┛D.Ëᵨ×Þß-ᑺá\âã×Þäå⃩çèé2.êë¶ᐭíînïðᡃòóônëõö÷øḄùÆ“ûü1ýẆÿ
᠒”ᐸḄA.B.C.⃓D.3.ᑡ!"ḄA.$%B.᣸'()ᦈ+CO?4.ᓄ.ᱥ0ᙠ23⚞5ᨵ78ᵨ⌶஺ᑡ<)=>ḄA.?@AᑴCDEḄᩞᧇB.HIJ@KACDᕒMNOPC.ᩈR⏣@ᵨCDTᧇḄUᕡᑺD.“YZ[\](^ᑺ”@ᵨ_CDញឋbcḄ╋e5.fghijklmnᑡ<)opḄ39A.qᐗJḄstᵯvOᜧ_hB.x᝱hz{|}ᵯ{~⍝⊤ADC.hOᣚNaClḄqD.qᐗJhᐗJḄz{ᦪ186.ᑡ!⚜Ḅ!opḄ⌱⚗!ᑁ⚜Ḅ!AMgCl2NaOH$P⁐¡ᜫBFeCl2KSCN£⊈¥⁐CAgl¦§NaCl$P¨⁐ᐰª«ᓄA⁐D⏚ឋKM11O4\⏣$P¥⁐®

127.ᙠ2.8gFeᐭ100mL3moiHC1,Fe°ᐰ±஺5²⊤³´µ¶kᦪḄ·ᑡ<)opḄA.¸¹«ºᵯ{AO.lmolB.HC1C»ᦪA3N,\C.2.8g56Fe¼ᨵḄ{ᦪA1.3NAD.¸¹ᡂ᪗¿ÀÁ(23.36L8.ÂÃĸ¹CH2=CH2g
+H2Xg
^^CH3cH20Hg
ᙠÅÆᘤÈᑮÊ⊝ᑡ<)opḄA.ÌᜧÍÎvoுv⌮Ê⊝kᦪÌᜧB.ᐭÑᓄᑺÊ⊝ÒCH3cH20Hg
ḄÓÄÌᜧC.ឤᐙᐭtÖPḄH?Og
,Ê⊝ᔣo¸¹ZᔣºDD.ឤᐙᐭtÖPḄCH?=CHg
,CH?=CH2g
ḄÊ⊝«ᓄ᳛ÌᜧÙஹ⌱Û⚪Ý⚪ᐳ6ß⚪àß⚪4ᑖᐳ24ᑖ஺àß⚪ᨵtâᡈiâ⌱⚗äᔠ⚪æ஺çopèᫀêᒹìtâ⌱⚗í⌱î0ᑖïçopèᫀᒹìiâ⌱⚗ê⌱tâðopî2ᑖ,⌱iâðòopî4ᑖóê⌕⌱┯tâöî0ᑖ஺9.tj÷ᵨHOg
gNg
AzᧇᑴᜓNHg
Ḅùæú᝞஺223ᵨᡝᐷᓄ᩟ᵯ*
ᑡᨵᐵḄA.ᙠbᵯ᩽N?B.Agaᵯ᩽ḄᩞᧇC.ᦋᵯᵯ!"#$᳛&D.ᵯ'()*+,-ᓄᱥᵯ'*O?-&12310.45CH3coOH+CL—^CICH2co0H+HC1,C1CH2coOHḄ⏚ឋ8CH3coOH9஺
ᑡᨵᐵḄA.HC1Ḅᵯ;<H+[:di=>B.C1—C1?Ḅ?@81A1?BC.CH3coOHᑖ;*Dᨵb?D.C1CH2co0HḄ⏚ឋ8ICH2co0H911.BᕜGHIᐗKXஹYஹZஹWḄ;MᦪOPQᜧXஹYSᕜGTUVYWᡂYḄᐗKZAZᙠSᕜGHIᐗK*ឋᨬ9W;ᙠSᕜGHIᐗK*;\]ᨬ^
ᑡᑨ1ḄA.XW3`᩽ឋᑖ;B.aᓫcᓄᱥde=X>YC.YfZgᡂḄᓄᔠᱥi;ᓄᔠᱥD.XஹYஹZjkᐗKWᡂḄᓄᔠᱥYlmᕈ⏚ឋ12.ᓄᔠᱥ“E7974”ᐹᨵᢙr᷈tឋu᪀a<᝞

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13A.yzBr?ḄCCLlm{⁐B.ᑖ;*}ᨵ4k~yC.ᑖ;*}ᨵ4ឋ;D.Imolxᓄᔠᱥᨬf2moiNaOH"#13.NaClOlmᐹᨵy4525࠷KJHC10)=4.0x10-8
ᑡᐵNaClOlm0Ḅ()A.O.Olmol•>lm*c(C!Oj<0.01molL-1B.@G☄ᙠ*CI2y2C.ᐭ(SO2,"#Ḅi;)<SOz+CKT+HzO=HSOj+HClOD.25࠷,pH=7.0ḄNaClOHC1OḄᔠlm*c(HC10)>c(C1O")=c(Na+)14.ᐗKMḄc-ᓄᱥM(OH)2(s)ᙠY*Ḅl'"#=M(OH)(S)7——^M2+(aq)+20H(aq)M(OH)(s)+20H(aq)——^M(OH)^(aq)2225࠷,AIgefpHḄᐵ᝞ᡠcM2+ᡈM(0H)/¢£Ḅ¤஺
ᑡ┯〈Ḅ()A.§¨জª⊤Algc(M?+)fpHḄᐵB.M(0H)2ḄK$p¬C.ᔣc(M?+)=O.lmol-®1Ḅlm*¯ᐭNaOHlm°pH=9.0,,*ᐗKMH⌕²M(OH)2(s)³ᙠD.ᔣc[M(OH)j]=O.lmol•´Ḅlm*¯ᐭµ,¶0.4mol•LḄHC1·,*ᐗKMH⌕²M2+³ᙠjஹ`⌱¹⚪=ᐳ5⚪ᐳ60ᑖ.15.(10ᑖ)¼½(CuSC)4•SH?஺)Ak¾⌕ᓄᧇẆÀ^W²Á┤ḄÃÄᧇ[H⌕ᡂᑖCu,}ᨵ3ḄÆÇஹCuOஹC11CO3ஹCu(OH)21ᑴᜓ¼Ê஺Ë)᝞
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