北京市2022-2023学年高三上学期入学定位考试化学试卷及答案

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2022-2023ᐭὃᓄ⚪᪥:.:.:.ὃ:ஹᓫ⌱⚪ᑡᱥḄᵨ⌶ᑭᵨᓄḄA.!"#$ᑺB.&'"ᨨ)*+ᑺC.,-ᮞ"/012ᑺD.ᵨ3-ᮞᦋ5⏚ឋ892.ᑡ:;<=ḄA.>ᾦḄḂᓄABᓄCᓄB.DEFGᑭᵨḄᵯIᳮC."LMN''ᢣᑭᵨMNᔾᦈCOD.FGSᵨᵯTDᓄUVWḄX;YZ[AU23.ᑡᓄᵨ\⊤^<=ḄA.CH(CH3)3Ḅ`2,2aᵬcdeB.CO2ḄᵯfghhOhChOhc᝱0f᪶᜜ᵯfḄl⍝⊤^gn]E3tlNc.Is2s2pSz-Ḅq᪀^stḄu\\\D.J/))4.ᑡ:;<=ḄA.HF,HC1ஹHBrḄxyz{|ᜧB.HfḄIsᵯf~tᳫC.CH2C12ᑖfMḄLfឋLfD.HOᑖfḄVSEPR☢25.ᑡḄXg⊤^<=ḄA.ᵨ$$MḄ:B.ᔣAgNChVWMᐭ$ᜫhA++2NH3«HO=[Ag(NH3)]++OH-g24AC.ᑴD¢hMnO2+4H++2Cl=Mn2++C12t+2HO2D.“84£W”M¥¦§/¨©|ª«¬ឋhC1O+H+=HC1O6.UḄᓄᱥḄ

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Na+8H+,ÿᓄ
□NHH+,pH,ᑣc(H+)NH⌕Na+ᡠ□Ḅ!ᱥ#Ḅ$%&C┯)*D.-⏚/Na+CH3co0-⌕c(Na+)4ᜧ6c(CH3co0-)D┯)*ᦑ⌱AoOH11.Cூ>௃A.@⏚ḄA᪀CD|,AFG*CHCHCOOH3B.@⏚ᑖJKLMNᓄO4MᡂQRNSMᡂImolQRN◤Xὑ@⏚2molῃ\2molHzO,BFG*C.QRNᑖ^ᨵḄ`ᐗbḄcd-CMḄCfᙳhᡂ4jᓫlmnA᪀C┯)*D.o@⏚ᑖpqr@⏚ᑖJKsdῃtᔠvᑮᦑQRNᑖo@⏚ᑖx^ᨵNy,DFG*ᦑzᫀ⌱C஺12.Bூᑖ᪆௃ᵫO4ᳮp02ᙠᵯ᩽vᵯMᡂO4vᵯMᡂHQ,

120ᜫᵯᓄᡂ02H2O2,H2O2ᙠᵯ᩽vᵯMᡂ0H-HO,0HH0•CNLMᓄfO4MᡂN2ஹHgஹCO*',ᑖ᪆z஺ூ>௃A.H0•ᐹᨵᓄឋCN-ᜫᵯᓄN2,AFG*B.ᵫᑖ᪆prḄ02ᑖᩭ6஺ᜫᵯᓄB┯)*C.OHḄ᪶᜜ᵯ!ᦪ10,H0•Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯ!ᦪ9,CFG*D.᪷ᑖ᪆pᵯ᩽LMḄ!O402+2H20+3e=30H+HO,DFG*ᦑzᫀ⌱B஺13.Aூ>௃A.%⏚ⅅ¡¢ᔠᤅ¤%⏚ⅅ¡ῃ¥ᓄⅅ¡¦§¨ᵨª«Ḅ¬®¯°±²MḄ³n¬®¯´⁐¶·ᨵSO2Mᡂ¶·%⏚ᐹᨵᓄឋᦑAFG*B.ᐗ¸¹º»ឋḄ¼½p᪷ᨬ¿ÀᓄᱥÁ4ḄᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋᑨÃᔣNaHSÅᐭÇÈ⏚MᡂHzS,¶·È⏚Ḅ⏚ឋ¼6É⏚ÊËᑨÃÌḄ¹º»ឋḄ¼½ᦑB┯);c.Î⏣ᨵᢵLឋÎ⏣ÑÒÓ⏚ឋ¿═⏚Õ´⁐ᡠÎ⏣%⏚¢ᔠÖ×Øi7(rc,²MḄ³nqᐭ⏚ឋ¿═⏚Õ¿═⏚Õ´⁐ÒÙ·Î⏣ÚÛLMÜX\O4ᦑC┯)*D.CH3COONH4CH3COOxLMὅ&Þßᡠ-⏚᪶dÞឋCH3coONaàᨵCH3co0-LMᕈâឋÒ᪷ãä&ã%&åḄpHᑨÃCH3COOḄ&ᦑD┯)*ᦑ⌱A,14.Cூᑖ᪆௃᪷O4জঝAᔠ¼⏚ᑴ½⏚éêpv⏚ឋ¼½ëìHCO>HC1O>HCO*,23ᑖ᪆z஺ூ>௃A.ᵫO4জpíÃKai(H2co3)>Ka(HClO)>Ka2(H2CCh),A┯)*B.îᑴ⛳Ì^ᨵHC1,ᔣᐸÖᐭñ$¥⏚┛¥⏚┛HC1O4Mᡂp6ḄÌᓄ┛CO2,ónB┯)*C.ᔣᱥ#Ḅ$%&NaHCChNaClO¢ᔠÖᐭCaCh(s),LMO4CO2+Ca2++2ClO+H2O=CaCO31+2HClO,CFG*D.᪷ঝpCO2qᐭNaClOvᑮ¥⏚É/HC10,D┯)*ᦑzᫀ⌱C஺15.(l)3s23P2(2)2sp3ac

1328x8(3)ᐳÀᨔnÒ஺ºö÷Ḅᰚù¿6ᓫᨔấX103Opa3ூ᪆௃(1)Si14ÿᐗ
᝱SiḄ᪶᜜ᵯ᣸Is22s22P23s23P2,᝱SiḄᵯ᣸3s23P2;(2)᪷᪀"#$SiChᨔ()*+0-.2+Si/SiChᨔ()SiḄᩖᓄ34sp3/SiH48SiCL»;ᑖᨔ(SiCᐳᨔ(ᑖᨔ(Ḅ>?@Aᨔ(Ḅ>?@B/(3)ᓫᨔấ8EFGHIJᐳᨔ(EFG)C-CLMNᓫᨔấ)Si-SiLMᜧᦑEFGḄᰚ?__MxN28x828x8BJᓫᨔấ/᪷WXYZ=\]=^]xlO3Og.cm-3,ᑣfghijkᦪḄ⊤nNA=-^]xlO30.16.পr(2)stবN0(4)^-Cl(5)xy⏚ஹxr⏚ஹ|}9(6)CICCHCHCI22CHOCl3(7)O+CH3clNH"%)]8?stᡂC,ூᑖ᪆௃r8ᑮB(CLC(CH?)3cH2clN八NN:᪷᪀ᑮC8HN3ᡂD();ᙠ]ᩩ(CH)CH.C1-N-C23OHᡂ8xr⏚ᙠxy⏚¡ᓄᑺ£ᵨᡂG([)),G8CH30Hᙠ§ᓄ¨£NO,OCH.ᐭ0ᵨᡂH((J),H«ᡂI,I8Q8cHeHClstᡂJ'᪷NO,

14—]NHᳮḄ᪀ᑮJ8ᓄ°£ᵨᡂK(H()C^1°)K8Dᙠ§ᓄ¨£ᵨstᡂ஺(1)A;³✏ᓄᔠᱥ᪷·☢ᑖ᪆A;rᐸºM»r/ᦑ¼ᫀ;/r஺(2)B(ZTNH2)8¾¿stᡂC,ᑣB-CḄ34st/ᦑ¼CLC(CH22clᫀ;Àst஺(3)N஻XC8HN3ᡂÁ(/ÃT+)᪷ÄÅÆឤc)ȧÉL8ÊLËÌ8(CH,)CHC132HN3)ḄᔠᡂÍCTDḄ)ÎÏᡂḄÐÑᱥḄᑖᵨ0/ᦑ¼ᫀ;ÀHOO2(4)ᔠÒ$ঝᐜstÕ^rᙠÖ×stFḄ᪀ᦑ¼ᫀ;À(5)F-Grᓄᡠ◤ḄÚᑺÛᩩxy⏚ஹxr⏚ஹ|}/ᦑ¼ᫀ;Àxy⏚ஹxr⏚ஹ|}஺(6)ÚᑺaÜÝ;ÎÞᱥ᪷JḄ᪀ᑖ᪆ᑮÚᑺaḄ᪀CIC(Cri)jCHjCl2ooII.ᦑ¼ᫀ;.II஺CICCHCHCI*sÁὌJCICCHCHC102222(7)%/NHK)ᨵá+âᐗÕ᪷ã᪀ᑖ᪆ᑮKḄ᪀;HOC^j=OᑣJ-KḄᓄäåæO+CH3CI/ᦑ¼ᫀ;:

150+CHC1O317.(1)èé)êᙠá+ë⊝ÀজNH3H2O=NH/+OH-ঝNH/+H20UNH3W2O+H+,ঝ)îḄc(OH)ᜧJঝ)îḄc(H+)(2)[CU(NH)4]2++CU=2[CU(NH3)2]+3(4)ðÕ▤ò)[CU(NH3)4]2+8[CU(NH3)2ᙠCuÜ02Ḅ)óᑮôõ⌴ᵯḄ£ᵨ(ᡈðÕ▤ò)èé)ḄøÜ஺2ᐸù᳛ᜧJûü▤òý(CuÜ02(5)ᡂþÅ[CU(NH3)4]2+,|ÿ
ᔾᦈḄ᳛(6)Cu+Cu2+ᡂCuOHCU(0H)2ூᑖ᪆௃ᙠ▤2CU+O=2CUO,CUO+2NH+2NH(=[Cu(NH)4]2++HO(4Cu+O2=2CuO,23322C112O+2NH3+2NH=2[CU(NH3)2]++H0O2(1).ᑴḄᔾᦈ0(NH4cl102Ḅ3ᔠ0)ᕈ6ឋ8ᑣ⊤;<ᔠ2ᵯ>?@ᜧBCᓄ╄Ḅ?@8ᑣᵫ1GHIᙠ10JKᙠḄL⊝NᐸPQ10JKᙠRSL⊝জNH3-H2OUNH+0H-ঝNH+H20UNH«HO+H+,ঝJVḄC(OH)ᜧBঝJVḄC(H+)஺WᫀY10JK32ᙠRSL⊝জNH3H2O=NH(+OH-ঝNH(+H20UNH3«HO+H+,ঝJVḄc(OH)ᜧBঝJ2VḄc(H+)((2)Z[\?J8[Cu(NH3)4]2+ᔾᦈCu,]ᓄY[CU(NH3)2]+([CU(NH3)2]+^ᔾᦈ஺2,]ᓄY[Cu(NH3)4p+஺ᑣᔾᦈCuḄYi.[CU(NH3)4]2++CU=2[CU(NH3)2]+0WᫀY[CU(NH3)4]2++CU=2[CU(NH3)2]+((3)`a`bcVmLdefg8h\ᔾᦈ0i802jᔾᦈ0ᔾᦈ8ᔾᦈiᒕlfgḄgmYVimL,ᑣdefgJO2ḄgmY(V-Vi)mL,ᱥGḄoᑖᦪ=q*஺WᫀYᯠ((4)▤Cut028ᯠitNH3-NH((Z[▤[Cu(NH3)4p+tCuஹ[Cu(NH3)2]+t028vw▤8Z[▤᳛xy8PQzZ[▤J[Cu(NH3)4]2+[Cu(NH3)2]+ᙠCut02ḄJ{ᑮ}~⌴ᵯḄᵨ(ᡈZ[▤J10JḄ>t02,

16ᐸ᳛ᜧB▤gCut02஺WᫀYZ[▤J[Cu(NH3)4]2+[Cu(NH3)2]+ᙠCut02ḄJ{ᑮ}~⌴ᵯḄᵨ(ᡈZ[▤J10JḄ>t028ᐸ᳛ᜧB▤gCUt஺2((5)ᑴᔾᦈ08ᙠᔾᦈ0JᐭoCuS04108tNH3ᡂ[CU(NH3)4]2+,ᜧᔾᦈ0Ḅ@8Ḅzᡂo[CU(NH3)4]2+,y
ᔾᦈḄ᳛஺WᫀYᡂo[CU(NH)4]2+,y
ᔾᦈḄ᳛(3(6)ᔾᦈ0JV⁐[CuOHஹCu(0H)2bᑣ⊤;CU+CM+8[CU(NH3)4]2+ஹ[CU(NH3)2]+ᵯ>8⊤;ᔾᦈ0ᜫᦔ஺VḄPQ¡Ḽ10JNH3j£ὑ8Cu+CP+ᡂCuOHCU(0H)2»WᫀYCu+C#+ᡂCuOHCU(OH)2Oூ¨©௃h`8ᙠ10J8ª«☢mᜧ8᳛y஺18.(1)-566(2)3Pt+16C1+2C1O(+12H+-3lPtC16j2+6HO13CVᵬJc(Ck)ᨬ·8ᑭB[PtCkF-Ḅ2ºᡂ(3)ᑖ0(RNH)[PtC16](o)+2OH-(A)=2RN(o)+[PtC16]2-(A)+2HO(A)3232ூᑖ᪆௃¾¿Àᓄᑺ(Â⌕ÄᨵPtஹCஹAI2O3,MgO)JÈᦈPt,ÉÊË?ᑖ᪆8h\ᯏÍÎC]ᓄYCOஹCO2,h\⏚Ð8ÎPtÐÑ8Ò\⃓Ôஹᑖ0ஹ⃓ÔÕ<ÖᑡØÙᑮPt,ÚÛᑖ᪆W஺(1)᪷ÚÝÞßà,AH3=2AHI.AH=2x(-393.5kJ-mol1)-(-221kJ-mol')=-566kJ-mol'1(2(2)᪷ÚæᓄçPèàL3Pt+16Cl-+2C10(+12H+=3[PtC16F+6H20(ᵫé?êëì8íNaCIChYæᓄᑺ8ÐÑ3moiPt8PtḄᓄᔠñᓣó+4,3moiPtᜫ12moiᵯ8NaCIChYæᓄᑺ£ὑ2mol,H2O2Yæᓄᑺ,Ù12moiᵯ,£ὑHzChGmol,ᦑn(NaClCh)n(HO2)=l3(2ᵫ⊤øëì8¡Ḽc(NaC103)ᜧ8ᐸæᓄឋù8úᑖCIO(tC1-æᓄçPj£ὑ8PtḄÐÑ᳛ûü(æᓄᑺ@ᙳY0.2mol-Lÿ
ᵫḄc(H+)ᙳ
ᵬc(C)ᨬ
ᑭ[PtC16ᡝḄᡂ
ᵬPtḄ᳛ᨬ#$

17(3)&ᐭ⃓)ᑺ⃓)+
,-ᑖ$ᵫii/0
⃓)+ᨵ2345(R3NH2)[PtC16]@,&ᐭNaOH6/7[PtCkF,ᐭ8634
ᑣ⃓)ᑺ(R3N):86ᑖ;
<=Ḅ>?@AB5(R3NH2)[PtC16](o)+2OH-(A)=2RN(o)+[PtC16]2-(A)+2H2O(A)»319.(l)Fe2++2HOfFe(OH)+2H+22ফு(3)4Fe2++O+10HO=4Fe(OH)+8H+223(4)EFG(5)᪷IJKiv,᪵ᙠNOPᘤ
Fe2+RSTᓄ(6)ᨔ3WXNH$YZ(7)02ᑖ?[\,ᐭᨔ3:Fe2+<=[ᑖ᪆]_`abFe3+ḄcdᩭfghẆ(FeSO47H2O)jEFG[(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26H2O]ᙠklḄmnឋ
pFe3+Ḅcdqrsmn$(1)Fe2+tuv8w<=uᡂYTᓄxyjY>?z{6ᕈ⏚ឋ
>?@AB~Fe2++2HOfFe(OH),+2H+$2(2)0Ḅ(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26Ḅ⏚ឋ(NH4XSO46Ḅ⏚ឋ
rsB68wAFe2+>NH$$(3)6pHᙳrs⏚ឋ
Fe2+SklTᓄuᡂFe(0H)3Ḅ>?@AB54Fe2++O+10HO=4Fe(OH)3+8H+$22(4)EFG☄ᙠklFe3+cd
rsEFGᨔ3Ḅmnឋ$(5)hᙠJKiFe3+cd/R~02⌼ᡂḄ
ᳮᵫ~᪷IJKiv,᪵ᙠNOPᘤ
Fe2+RSTᓄ$(6)জhᨔ3ᜫᨔ8ḄJK~ᨔ3WX;

18ঝEFGᨔ3NH$>?Ḅᙠ7ᨔ8᧕ᜫ
NHḄNR:H0ᑖ?/RᙠYZ;2(7)EFGᙠklmn
/RḄ¡zEFGᨔ3>?Ḅk◣[
02ᑖ?[\,ᐭᨔ3:Fe2+<=஺