2023江苏版物理高考第二轮复习--专题十三　 近代物理初步 (一)

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2023
᱐ᱥᳮὃ⚪ᓝᱥᳮ⚣ὃὃឋẠឋḄᭆ!"#஺%&ᐝᵯᦔ*Ḅᳮ+,*ᵨ஺▲/45ᑖ1234᳛:/12.Ạ1.2022ᐰ89,17,6ᑖ;ᐝ<=113WḄ>᳛ᔣᕜAᡠᨵDᔣᙳᒴᙢHIJKL6X107mḄᐝ,ᙠNᐝ

1;()᜜+,-.᜜+X/+10-2io1Kf1()']02103%&(eV)A.¸᜜º»ḄᐝYB.¼½ᐝ»ḄᐝYC.¾᜜º»ḄᐝYD.XIº»ḄᐝY4ᫀA4.2021¿ᓅ,3,4ᑖ;\ᨽ^_`h=6.626X1஺5J•s,ᐝÁLc,ᵯYÂ`LᑣÄᙠ8▭ᓫÇᑴlḄᓫÇqr;A.J/sB.mC.J•mD.m/s4ᫀB5.2020È7ᨴ⌱ὃ,5,3ᑖ;lᑡno3pḄqA.ÂYḄËÌÍÄJÎᐸᡂ3ÏB.ᜩᯠÒIḄÓIº2ÔÕᨬ×ḄqaIºC.ᐝᵯᦔ*ØÙ¤ḄÚÛ⚣᳛ÎᐭIᐝḄ⚣᳛ᨵᐵD.ᵯYVḄI᪵nÝᵯYᐹᨵឋ4ᫀD6.2021ßᓭ,3,3ᑖ;àáâᙠᓫ⁐ᐝḄ᯿Ilåæᐝᵯᦔ*,ᐝᵯYḄᨬᜧLç,èéáâḄ⍎>LW஺,\ᨽ^_`Lh஺᪷ì᰿îïᚆḄᐝᵯᦔ*ᳮ,éᓫ⁐ᐝḄ⚣᳛vLr;AçBòñD,hEk-%Ek+%rnJhh4ᫀD:2⚓ᐳ21⚓

27.2022
óôw,3᝞ᡠ,õ60qᵫ60[õgY÷ᡂḄøᳫúᑖY,Ẇüᕒþõ60ᑖY=2.0X10,m/sḄÁÿᔣᐝ᪕ᙠ☢Ḅᑮᩩ஺1.99X1026kg,ᨽ6.63X1034J•s,ᑣ"60ᑖḄᱥ%%&'A.1.7X1010mB.3.6X10"mC.2.8X1012mD.1.9X1018m(ᫀC8.2021*+1ᨴ⌱ὃ,10,3ᑖ/0ᑡ2345Ḅ6A.ᐝḄ%7ឋ6ᐝ9:;<=ᵨḄB.?@ABC“”Fᐭ⚞IJKLM᝱OPQḄᭆSC.ᐝᵯᦔVWXLᐝḄYឋ,[\Lᐝ◀L^9᜜`ᐹᨵ7D.acdefghijk4ᵯlᵯᘤnopᳫḄr,lᵯᘤnosḄtuvwᜧ(ᫀB9.[2019+yᓫ{,123]ᙠ“|}”~Ḅ{jᡠᵨᐝḄ%&ᐭ=6.4X10Am,ᐝᾭḄ^E=l.5X102JᾭjḄᐝᦪ஺ᨽh=6.63X10MJ•s,ᐝoc=3X10sm/s.ᶇᨵᦔᦪ/(ᫀ5X101610.2020ᜩ,1,5ᑖ/ᙠᱥᳮḄj,e¡¢£⌕ᱥᳮ¥lḄ¦ᐭOẆ¨,©ª45Ḅᳮ«¬஺0ᑡ®XḄ¥lj¯°±ᐹᨵ᪶³᪀Ḅ6/A3⚓ᐳ21⚓

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Ḅ᪶ᦪ*ᑣᙠt=4t°,⊦
Ḅ᪶ᦪNNNNA•B-?C-?D.qᫀC2.2022,1,3ᑖỚ125⊦
Y!ᑭᵨ$ᱯឋ'(ᶭ*+,-஺Ớ125Ḅ/⊦060ᜩ,234567ḄỚ1258ᐭ:ὅ-ᮤ=>,?@180ᜩᒕBỚ125Ḅ67C8ᐭḄA.DB4C.iD16842ᫀB3.2021E,1,4ᑖFGHIJKLMNᙠᜧ7ḄPឋQRST26஺T26Ḅ/⊦072UV,ᐸ⊦
XY2Al-,LMg+Y஺Zᑡ\]^_Ḅ`aA.Y`b᪶B.Y`6C.c?@72UVIᨵḄT26⊦
4/e5⚓ᐳ21⚓

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~B.᪶⊦
ᵯ₹ᦪឤ,67ᦪឤC.ᦋ
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PឋᐗSḄ/⊦0D.@7Pឋ=>ᨵẚᵨpᙠᐰᑺ7ᑁᑣᨵᫀD5.2021,1,4ᑖᵨ“Mᓄ”ᢈ¢ᑖ᪆*᪵¥ḄᡂᑖM§¨᪵¥MḄ©N"«¬4®X,ᑣX`aA.6B.a®C.B®D.^ᵯᫀA6.2021,1,3ᑖᙠ¯5V°±²Ḅj³´µᱥV·,¸ᑭᵨ´µᱥM/⊦0±¹ḄºPb,ᐸ⊦210
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67.2022ÏÐ▤ÒÓ¯,2ÔÕÖ×bஹcஹdØzÌÍᔣaÌÍÙÚḄᐝḄÜÝᑖÞ:589nmb-a,330nmc-*a,285nmd-*aßᨬ¾ÌÍ0,ZᑡᐵÅÖᙠâØzÌ7äḄoÌÍÎ'Ì^_Ḅ`ab--------0d-0C------------------d------------------:--------B஻--------A0I--------------------------CI
---------DᫀBåæ2348.2021¸Ð4ç,4ᐵÅ᪶èéXYê8U-goTh+X,Zᑡ\]^_Ḅ`aA.$᪶èé45ëìPÌ7B.í@îïḄX],45Ìð¹UḄ/⊦0C.$᪶èéXYMḄX°⊤Ḅ®ò᪶D.ó᪶ḄôõᔠÌᜧÅ÷᪶ḄôõᔠÌᫀA9.2021Kᓅ,1,4ᑖJKLMNᙠᜧ7ḄTQRS26A126A1᪶B⊦
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D.JKLMIᨵḄTQRS3ᙠ144UV}ᐰi⊦
26MgᫀC10.2020ÿ᪗II,18,6ᑖ᪶ᑡ,ᐸᦔᵨ7⚓ᐳ21⚓

76-f2ᡈHe+2LH+2.+43.15MeV⊤!஺#$%&'()*1kg#$%'ᨵḄ᪶-.L0/10'0(1ᐰ345,ᐸḄ67.MḄ᪗8᯼:;<Ḅ=>?;)*1kg᪗8᯼:;Ḅ=-.2.9X107J.1MeV=1.6X10*J,ᑣM-.A.40kgB.100kgC.400kgD.1000kgBᫀCH.2021ᐰDE,17,6ᑖFGHᶭ%JᵨKឋ᪶Mll3InN5yKO,Pll3InQᵫS⊦U>VWXḄ"3Sn⊦N5Ḅ஺VY7.m஺Ḅ,13Sn,Z<[t\ᒕ^Ḅi,3Sn7.m,ᐸ⁐-t`O᝞`ᡠ!஺c`%deᑮ“'SnḄS⊦U.gA.67.3dB.101.0dC.115.1dD.124.9dBᫀC12.2021ᐰDᵬ(17,6ᑖ᝞`,0ij᪶XZ`%ᡠ!Ḅᑡaஹ0⊦\,5ᡂmnḄij᪶Y,ᙠpq%KrᵯjḄ0ᦪ.gA.6B.8C.10D.14BᫀA8⚓ᐳ21⚓

813.(2021uvvw◫y%Gz{,1)|□ᔣ᜜KḄᩭᐸᑁ45Ḅᔜ᪶,|□ᑁOᑮn<(45“᪶:;”(ᐸ“᪶:;”Ḅ᪶q.He+X-,Be+Y,q%X⊤!j£BeQmnḄj,ᐸS⊦U.T,0᪶rḄ.AE,ᐝᙠ%Ḅ.c,ᑡḄQ()A.1¡¢eḄ£¤,ᐸS⊦U¥¦B.q%ḄX.ᵯj&e)C.§᪶qN5Ḅ7¨©.ª"✌D.“᪶:;”Ḅ᪶Q®BᫀC14.(2021uvᓭᨴὃ,14)²³´ஹ$µ?¶·ᩞᧇQºᑁ»Ḅᨬ½⌕ᩭ¿஺ÀÁᔾ<,ÃÄÅÄÆÇᐭÉÊ,»⊦rḄaKO˦“ÌÍ”᪵ÏÐÉÑÒ,¡ÉÑÒÓ©(cPÔ4ÉÕஹÖ⊈Ø?஺☟ÚḄÃ᪶ᘤ2Rn45Üa⊦5ᡂÝ᪶ᓶ(P஺)(pqßàឤâḄᐰãᓄ.ajå┐᪶Ḅß஺)*m»=222.0866u,m=4.0026u,m┐=218.0766u,1u931MeVḄ0஺(1)ᑏrèé᪶qê(2)ëèé᪶rḄAE;বëajḄßE"஺218Bᫀ(l)222-Po+^e(2)6.89MeVRn84(3)6.77MeV15.(20215•3ií)ᙠîïð.BḄᒴðîò%(0☟ÚḄKឋij᪶45óÜa⊦(KrḄaj(gHe)ᙠ6îòᚖõḄö☢ᑁøᙊᕜûß(ᐸü⍝Sþ.R஺dmஹqᑖÿ⊤
aḄᵯ₹஺9⚓ᐳ21⚓

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᪶ḄᐗᵨY⊤
,ᑏa⊦!Ḅ᪶"#$%஺ফaḄᙊᕜ()*+,ᦔᡂ/012ᵯ34ᙊᕜ()Ḅᕜ512ᵯ3ᜧ7஺(3)8⊦!9%:Ḅ᪶;<=ᓄ?a᪶Ḅ);,᪶Ḅ?M,4⊦!9%Ḅ@Abm஺BᫀDE᪆E᪆(1)᪷H᪶"#IᦪKឤMᵯ₹ᦪKឤ*Na⊦!Ḅ᪶"#$%?AA-4.Oஹ2Q+ᣬ(2)8aᙠUVIWᙊᕜ()ḄXYᜧ7?v,ᵫ[\ᐻ^_`ᔣb^ᨵDBqvB=m-R᪷Hᙊᕜ()ḄdᐵfᨵT2T(RI-——vgaᙠUVI()Ḅᕜ5y_2runqB᪷Hᵯ3hij,*g12ᵯ3ᜧ7?T2TUH,”2বᵫqvB=m—,Kg\=ᳮm8⊦!o᪶YḄXYᜧ7?v',᪶"#pofq)Kឤ,ᨵMv,-mv=O*gᓛsMM᪷H᰾uvᚆ;$%;Kឤhxᨵ10⚓ᐳ21⚓

10bmc'=|MvA2+|mv2EgA(M+m)(qBR)2bf2m%ᓃ᧕{᧕┯1.᧕┯:~EI2021ᓭ,2᝞ᡠ
?Ẇᐝᵯᦔ#xḄᵯ,ᵯḄ0ᵯ᩽ᑖMcஹd஺ᵨ/h⚣᳛Ḅᓫ⁐ᐝa᯿ᐝᵯᮣᵯ3¡GḄᢣ┐¤¥¦§=¨ᵨ©/⚣᳛Ḅᓫ⁐ᐝb᯿ᐝᵯ,ᮣᵯ3¡GḄᢣ┐ª§=஺«ᑡ®ª¯°Ḅ±²³A.aᐝḄ⚣᳛/hᜧ´bᐝḄ⚣᳛B.ᵨbᐝ᯿ᐝᵯ,/hµᨵ¥¦ᐝᵯᦔ#C.ᵯ¯᩽*;McD.¶ᮣᵯ3¡Ḅᢣ┐¥¦§=,ᑣᵯ3$ᔣ/h±ᵫd-GTBᫀB2.᧕┯:ᱥᳮḄ¹iI2021,8,4ᑖ³᝞ᡠ
,ᑖᵨ1ஹ2ºᩞᧇ½K᩽¾¿ᐝᵯᦔ#À,ᐸÂÃ⚣᳛v,ீv%Æᢝᐭᐝª!,ᑣᐝᵯᑮÊA᩽Ḅᨬᜧ);ÌÍᵯÎU!ᓄᐵfḄϱ)11⚓ᐳ21⚓

11Bᫀc3.ᶧÒ:ÓÔᔠ;I2022Ö×ᨴὃ,2ᐵ´᪶ḄÔᔠ;,«ᑡ®ª¯°Ḅ±²A.᪶ḄÔᔠ;,´ÚᐸÛᐰᑖEᡂÝᵫ᪶ᡠ◤Ḅᨬ7;B./ß᪶⊦!ᡂa©/᪶⊦!àᱥḄÔᔠ;á/hᜧ´ᩭß᪶ḄÔᔠ;C.ÓÔᔠ;ãᜧ,᪶ãªähD.┤᪶²␺3CsḄÔᔠ;7´ç᪶²8pḄÔᔠ;bBᫀC4.ᶧÒ:᪶"#$%2022èO▤êëì,3ᐵ´᪶ஹ᪶Ḅ⊦!ஹ᪶;«ᑡ®┯íḄ±A.᪶ḄÔᔠ;ãᜧ,᪶ãähBî8U⊦!ᡂ6Pb⌕ð98ña⊦!6ñB⊦!C.¥¦6⊦!᪶MᩭḄ᪶òÓóô/0I,~ô/0D.¥¦a⊦!,᪶MᩭḄ᪶òÓ,Iᦪõóô2BᫀA⚪÷ø⚪÷/ᐝᵯᦔ#÷ᐺ÷÷÷ᱯû:জýºþÿᨵ⚣᳛ᐭᐝ⚣᳛ᜧ⚣᳛ᐝᵯᦔ஺ঝ⚣᳛ᐝᵯᦔḄᨬ⚣᳛,ḼᐝḄ᩽▲"#$%&Ḅ⍎(),ᓽhv=h^Wঞᐝᵯᦔ,c0o4c-.Ek=hv-W/12⚓ᐳ21⚓

121.202134〉ឋὃ89ᡃ;<=>?@ABᑭᵨᐝᵯEFᐝGHIᣚKᵯGH஺᝞MᡠO,A$KᑖQᐝᵯEḄ□᩽$▢᩽TᙠAஹKWXḄᵯYKU஺Zᵨᐝ)᳛KPḄ[ᐝᘤ(⚣᳛KvḄᐝᐰ^᯿ᙠK`abᵯ₹nKe01pᐝᵯ>ᑮrAḄᨬᜧsEkmo2tuᐭNᐝ>vw1ᐝᵯ>,ᎷyᡠᨵḄᐝᵯ>ᑮrA,pabḄᵯeI஺zᫀপUe+hv/ফᯅ~⚪⚪ᱯ:᧜ᐝᵯᦔḄM஺2.~2019ᜩᳮ,5,6ᑖ9᝞MKaஹbஹcᐝᙠᐝᵯᦔ<@Ḅᐝᵯe$ᵯYḄᐵ஺ᵫaஹbஹcᡂḄ⁐ᐝᐝbM<ḄU.UU0zᫀC3.~2020¡¢£ᓅᨴὃ9¦ᵨ%&┠¨KᐝᵯEḄ▢᩽,©@ᐝᵯᦔZª,ABO«M᝞MᵬᡠO஺fgjᨽlmnh=6.63X1034J-s0/13⚓ᐳ21⚓

13ᐝkপMᵬ<ᵯ᩽AKᐝᵯEḄ¯°“▢᩽”ᡈ“□᩽”9;ফAB<@┠ḄµᵯYU,¶ᐭᐝ⚣᳛vWXḄᐵ᝞M·ᡠOᑣ┠Ḅ⚣᳛Hz,⍎()W=J;o(3)᝞¹AB<ᐭᐝḄ⚣᳛v=7.00X10"Hz,ᑣwḄᐝᵯ>ḄᨬᜧºsEk=J.zᫀপ□᩽(2)(5.12~5.18)X10“(3.39~3.43)X10-19(3)(1.21~1.25)X1019A»ᵨ4.2019ᓅ¼ᳮ,19,6ᑖ9ᐝᵯEᑭᵨᐝ᯿wᵯeḄ,½ᐭᐝ᯿ᙠE<%&¾`,¿cᡂᐝᵯe஺⊤<Á(Â6ÃABḄĹ஺ᐭᐝᐝᵯ⍎(ᐝᵯÅÃ>Ḅeᜧ>ḄᨬᜧᐝÆn/eV/mAs/eV/14-°Ê290.924.0430.934.0<600.9/14⚓ᐳ21⚓

14ÆÊ/Ë46.0272.956.0<402.966.0552.9Æᵫ⊤<ᦪÍ(ḄÎÏ<Ð4Ḅ¯9A.ÑABÒᵨÂÐ⚣᳛ḄᐭᐝB.ÑABᡠᵨḄ%&¾ᩞÓÐC.tᐭᐝ>ḄnK5.0eV,⍎(ᐝᵯ>ḄᨬᜧsK1.9eVD.tᐭᐝ>ḄnK5.0eV,ÅᐝÆÔÆ,ᐝᵯeÔᜧzᫀB⚪ËÕÖḄ×>ØᐺØØᱯ:×>ᙠÑÚWXÛÜ,ÝᡈᔾᦈḄnhv=E„-E„.1.202234àáâẆ,3
ä×>ḄÚM᝞MᡠOᎷyᨵᜐn=4ÚḄä×>,ᑣᑡçè<Ḅ¯91----------------------13.6A.ä×>ᔣêÚÛÜ-<ᨬë¿(6Ð⚣᳛ḄᐝB.ä×>ÛÜìí᝱,᪶᜜ᵯ>ḄsñC.ä×>ᔾᦈnK0.31eVḄᐝ>ÛÜ/15⚓ᐳ21⚓

15D.ä×>Ýᐝ>ò,ᵯ>ó᪶ôõöᜧzᫀC2.2020ᓅ¼,2,3ᑖ9ä×>ÚO«᝞M஺Zᨵᜧnä×>ᜐn=3Ú`,ᑡçèḄnEleV8055-0.5443--0.85--1.512--3.41-13.6A.÷×>ÛÜ-<ᨬë¿Ý(2⚣᳛Ḅᐝ>B.øn=3ÚÛÜᑮn=lÚùÛÜᑮn=2ÚÝḄᐝ>⚣᳛êC.øn=3ÚÛÜᑮn=4Ú◤ᔾᦈ0.66eVḄnD.n=3ÚḄä×>ᵯûìü◤⌕ᔾᦈ13.6eVḄnzᫀC~⚪⚪ᱯ:~1.ä×>ḄÚ$þ⍝
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