2021-2022学年福建省泉州市南安市八年级（下）期末物理试卷（附答案详解）

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2021-2022
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஺30.ூᫀ௃1.7᣸Ḅᐵᙠᱥ᣸ḄᜧᱥᑮḄ!ᜧ2.6x103(m-m^g2ூ&᪆௃&((1)᪷,-./01ᱥᙽ34ᙠ56ᑮḄ!7(F@=G-F^=4.5N-2.8N=1.7/V@(2)ᑖ᪆஻ஹ6ஹcEFGH0IJḼᱥᙽ᣸ḄLᜧMNO!PḄQᦪSTᵫ-./0Iᱥᙽᡠ!WLᜧXYZ᣸Ḅᜧᡠ!ᜧ@ᑖ᪆஻ஹcஹ"EFGH0IḄ\᣸Ḅ]^ᱥᙽ34ᙠ56_L`MNO!PḄQᦪ]^ᵫ-./0Iᱥᙽᡠ!]^XY!ᜧTaᱥ34ᙠ6Ḅ_ᐵ@ᑖ᪆b4eEFGH0IJḼḄLᜧMNO!PḄQᦪSTᵫ-./0Iᱥᙽᡠ!WLᜧXYᙠᱥ᣸ḄᜧᱥᑮḄ!ᜧ@(3)᪷,G=mgIᱥᙽḄghi(G4.5N„m=-=----=0.45/cg@gION/kgv᪷,jklmnᳮF=p.IᱥᙽḄi(V=V᣸=ߟ^-=--------------------=1.7x10-4m3,UpFg1.0X103kg/m3xiON/kgᱥᙽi(p=—=W°*v2,6x103kg/m3lV1.7xl0-47n35(4)ᱥᙽ3ᐭ56uvMNO!PQᦪ^ᓄG▭yz{!ᜧTᓽ}/=/ᵨghimi\5Ḅghi2ᑣᱥᙽ᣸5Ḅghi(᣸5Ḅ.!iG^=m᣸g=(m-2᝞=F@=(m-Mi)gᑣ0Hjklmnᳮᡂ஺2

21ᦑᫀi((1)17(2)᣸Ḅ@ᐵ@ᙠᱥ᣸ḄᜧᱥᑮḄ!ᜧ@(3)2.6x103@(4)(m2(1)᪷,-./1ᙠZᱥᙽ34ᙠ56ᱥᡠ!@(2)᪷,ᑴ^h/]^Ḅh\^ᓄḄh!ᜧT^ᓄhḄᐵ@(3)᪷,G=mgᱥᙽḄgh@᪷,jklmnᳮᱥᙽḄᯠv᪷,ᱥᙽḄ@(4)᪷,jklmnᳮᑖ᪆&஺⚪ὃ¡!ᜧTḄ¢£¤¥\ᑭᵨ!I§Oᨵ©஺31.ூᫀ௃&((1)ª«Ḅ.!(G=mg=19kgxION/kg=190/V@ª«☟ᙠ5®ª☢y°ª☢Ḅ±!z{ª«Ḅ.!ᓽ(F=G=190N@ᑣª«²ᙠª☢y°ª☢Ḅ±³i:p=—F=-----1-9-0--Nµ==c9.5lxy1d03Pna@“s200x10-4^2(2)ᵫ⚪0I¶Fᢗ¸¹ºᕒᵨ150NḄ!¼ª«½ª⍝ḄA¿ÀÁ8¿vÂÃÄÃvª«ÅÆÇÈÁC¿²É᪷,!ÊËḄÌ⌕ᩩÏ0IBCЪ«4ᨵᑮ¹ºᕒÀ!ḄÑᵨÒ7☠ÔÕÖឋÇÈᡠعºᕒÙᨵᙠABаª«ÊË@ᡠØ᦮ÛÜÝ6¹ºᕒ°ª«ÊḄËi(W=F's=150/Vx0.8m=120/»((1)ª«²ᙠª☢y°ª☢Ḅ±³i9.5x103Pa@(2)¹ºᕒ°ª«ÊḄËi120Þூ&᪆௃(1)᪷,.!G=mgPߪ«Ḅ.!@ª«☟ᙠ5®ª☢y°ª☢Ḅ±!z{ª«Ḅ.!᪷,±³p=3Pßᐸ°ª☢Ḅ±³@(2)᪷,!ÊËḄÌ⌕ᩩÏ(ÑᵨᙠᱥyḄ!ᙠ!ḄáᔣyãÜḄäÄᑨæÀ!ᙠçÐäÄ°ª«ÊË@᪷,ÊËW=F'sPß᦮ÛÜÝ6¹ºᕒ°ª«ÊḄË஺⚪ὃ.!ஹ±³ஹÊËḄᮣé¹ᵨêᑨæÀ!ᙠçÐäÄ°ª«ÊË7&⚪Ḅᐵë஺32.ூᫀ௃&((1)ìí‧.!G=mg=3x103kgxION/kg=3x104/V,ìí‧.!ÊË”=G/i=3x104WX104m=3x1087,Ë᳛P=-=ñò=3,75x1O61V@(2)ᒴôõö/=G=3x104/V,f—ku?01k=4=3x1஺,_3OON(m/s)—2,Jv2(10m/s)2k/JZìí‧ôi15m/sᑮḄ÷ø!(=kvl=300/V-(m/s)-2x(15m/s)2=67500/Voù22⚓ᐳ24⚓

22((1)üÜÝìí‧.!ÊËḄË᳛i3.75xlO6w(2)‧15m/sᑮḄ67500N஺ூ᪆௃(1)"#‧$%&ᵫG=mg,-.ᐸ$0ᵫW=Gh,-.034ᵫP=?,-.‧034Ḅ4᳛(2)ᒴ9:/=G,ᵫ;<ᑮḄ=Ḅᐵ?/=k*,-.ᓃᯠC,-‧15m/sᑮḄ஺D⚪FG⍝IJKᓝMNᙢᳫQRḄSTUV⚪WXᑮḄ#YZ[\ᐵ]^_⚪`abcᨵᵨḄSTfghᵨ"iḄ#Yᓽ,kl⚪஺33.ூoᫀ௃q(1)rsAuvᙠxa᣸zxḄ{|qV^=V==(10cm)3=103cm3=10-3m3,rsAᑮḄrqr=P,gV᣸=1.0x103kg/m3xlON/kgxIO73=.7n1QN(2)xḄxvrsAxaxḄqh—30cm+10cm=40cm=0.4m,xᱏBḄqp=p,gh=1.0x103kg/m3xTON/kgx0.4m=4x103Pa,ᵫp=5,.xᱏBḄqF=pS=4x103Pax10x10-4m2=4NB(3)ᵫ⚪,#ᱏ8ᩚḄ%&ᱏ8zrsAᑮᔣ9Ḅ0ஹᔣ¢Ḅr£ᱏ3ᑮᔣ9xḄ¤ᵨ¥ᜐ§¨⊝ª᝱ᵫrsAᱏ3ᑮḄᔠ,.qF^=G+F,AᑣrsAḄ0qG.=¯rG¯=10N—4N=6N,ᵫ6=m9,.rsAḄ%&qm=—=—=0.6kg஺AagWN/kgVoq(1)rsAuvᙠxaᑮḄr10N(2)xḄxvrsAxᱏBḄ4N(3)rsAḄ%&0.6kg஺ூ᪆௃(1)rsAuvᙠxa᣸zxḄ{|³´Ḅ{|µ¶᪷¸{|¹º-»ᐸᜧ½ᑭᵨr=p9gV]^»rsAᑮḄr(2)xḄxvrsA᪷¸⚪-»xaxḄᑭᵨp=p¿gÀ-»xᱏ8ḄᑭᵨF=pS-»xᱏBḄ(3)ᵫ⚪,#ᱏ8ᩚḄ%&ᱏ8zrsAᱏ

232ᑮᔣ9Ḅ0ஹxḄIXᔣ¢Ḅr¤ᵨᜐ§¨⊝ª᝱᪷¸rsAᱏBᑮḄᔠ.»¶ºᓽ,-»rsAḄ0ᑭᵨG=mg-»rs4Ḅ%&஺D⚪ὃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊᳮஹ¿{¹ºஹÌ{¹ºIX0¹ºḄÍᵨ¶⌕ÏᨬCGÑarsAḄ0¶§ᐸrÒÓᱏBᑮxḄ஺Ô24⚓ᐳ24⚓