北京市西城区2021届高三上学期期末质量检测英语Word版含解析

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北京市西城区2020—2021学年度高三第一学期期末试卷英语试题本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Pastthebreakers,about50feetfromshore,twobrotherswerefightingfortheirlives.Theyhadbeensweptouttoseainastrongcurrent,theirmouthsbarelyabletostayabovethe___1___.Thickfogmadeitdifficultforbeachgoerstoseetheguys,butthescreamswereunmistakable.Andeverysecondcounted.___2___,foursurfersinwetsuitswerenearby.NarayanWeibel,SpenserStratton,AdrianYorkandTajOrtiz-Beck,all16,wereontheirsurfboardsridingupanddownthecoastonfive-footwaveswhentheyheardthe___3___.Theyturnedandsawtwobobbing(摆动)headsandfourflailing(扑打)arms.“Welookedateachotherandknewtheseguyswereabouttodrown(淹死),”Weibeltoldthereporter.Weibel,Stratton,andOrtiz-Beckpaddled(用桨划)towardtheswimmerswhileYorkheadedtoshoretofindsomeonetocall911.Hethendivedbackinto___4___hisfriends.Asthesurfersdrewclose,thebrotherswere___5___.Ortiz-Beckpulledupalongsidetheonebrother.Grabbinghimunderhisarms,hepulledhimupontohisboard.StrattonandWeibel,meanwhile,weretryingtohelptheother.Hewaslarge,250to300pounds,andhewaspanicked.“Calmdown—we___6___you!”Weibelshouted.Yorkarrived___7___tohelpgettheguyontopofthesecondboard.Theythenpaddledseveralminutesthroughawildcurrenttothemedicalhelpwaitingonshore.Thebrotherswerescaredbut___8___.“Whenwegetacalllikethisone,it’susuallytoo___9___bythetimewegetthere,”saysDillonCleavenger,thelifeguard,“Ican’tsayenoughaboutwhattheseboysdid.Theywerewillingandpreparedto____10____theirlives.”1.A.boardB.waterC.shipD.shore2.A.LuckilyB.SurprisinglyC.SurelyD.Gradually3.A.newsB.storiesC.wordsD.cries4.A.inviteB.guideC.helpD.greet5.A.strikingB.strugglingC.strengtheningD.stretching

16.A.metB.gotC.knewD.followed7.A.infearB.inturnC.intimeD.inadvance8.A.proudB.strongC.satisfiedD.fine9.A.lateB.busyC.farD.difficult10.A.saveB.changeC.riskD.share【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.B6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述四位冲浪少年冒险勇救落水两兄弟的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们被一股强劲的洋流卷到了海里，他们的嘴几乎无法露出水面。A.board板；B.water水；C.ship船；D.shore海岸。根据前文“Theyhadbeensweptouttoseainastrongcurrent”可知，因为被一股强劲的洋流卷到了海里，所以此处表示他们无法露出水面。故选B。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运地是，附近有四个穿着潜水衣的冲浪者。A.Luckily幸运地；B.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C.Surely肯定地；D.Gradually逐渐地。根据后文“Theyturnedandsawtwobobbing(摆动)headsandfourflailing(扑打)arms.”可知，因为这四个冲浪者看到了这对兄弟，所以此处需用副词luckily，表示幸运地。故选A。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：16岁NarayanWeibel，SpencerStratton，AdrianYork和Tajortizi-beck听到哭喊声时，正踩着冲浪板在5英尺高的海浪上沿着海岸上下行驶。A.news新闻；B.stories故事；C.words单词；D.cries哭喊声。根据前文“butthescreamswereunmistakable.”可知，此处指听到了这对兄弟的哭喊声。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他又跳回去帮助他的朋友们。A.invite邀请；B.guide指导；C.help帮助；D.greet迎接。根据前文“Yorkheadedtoshoretofindsomeonetocall911.”可知，York先找人拨打911，然后又回去帮助朋友们救那对兄弟。故选C。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当冲浪者靠近时，兄弟俩正在挣扎。A.striking攻击，击打；B.struggling挣扎；C.strengthening加强，巩固；D.stretching伸展，延伸。根据前文“Theyturnedandsawtwobobbing(摆动)headsandfourflailing(扑打)arms.”可知，这对兄弟正在挣扎。故选B。【6题详解】

2考查动词词义辨析。句意：冷静点——我们“抓住”你了!A.met遇到；B.got抓住；C.knew知道；D.followed跟随。根据前文“Hewaslarge,250to300pounds,andhewaspanicked.”可知，Stratton和Weibel告诉另一个兄弟冷静，由此可知，此处指“抓住”他了。故选B。【7题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：约克及时赶到，帮他爬上了第二块冲浪板。A.infear害怕；B.inturn轮流，依次；C.intime及时；D.inadvance提前。根据后文“tohelpgettheguyontopofthesecondboard.”可知，此处表示及时赶到，帮助另一个兄弟爬上了冲浪板。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩很害怕，但身体无恙。A.proud骄傲的；B.strong强壮的；C.satisfied满足的；D.fine身体好的。根据转折连词but可知，这对兄弟受到了惊吓，但身体无恙。故选D。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们接到这样的电话时，通常我们赶到的时候已经太晚了。A.late晚的，迟的；B.busy忙碌的；C.far远的；D.difficult困难的。根据副词usually和后文“Ican’tsayenoughaboutwhattheseboysdid.”可知，救援队员到时，一般都太晚了。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们愿意并且准备冒生命危险。A.save救；B.change改变；C.risk冒险；D.share分享。根据前文描述这个四个16岁的冲浪者救了兄弟俩的名，所以此处指他们是要冒生命危险的。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Itwasmyfirstnightoutinthatcity,andwhenIsawthelastbushomedisappearingroundthecorner,IknewIhadaproblem.ItwascoldandIcouldn’taffordataxi,____11____Ididn’twanttobothermyhostfamilybyaskingthemtopickmeup.SoIsetoffonfoot,____12____(tell)myselfitwouldonlytakemeanhourorso.Fourhourslater,Iwasstillwalking.Iwassoaked(湿透的)throughandmyhandswerefrozen.WhenIeventuallyreachedthehouse,thefamilysaidhow____13____(worry)they’dbeen,andaskedwhyIhadn’tphoned.BythenIwishedIhad.【答案】11.but12.telling13.worried

3【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一个外出晚上，没有坐上回家的公交车，没钱打车，最后步行回家的故事。【11题详解】考查连词。句意：天气很冷，我又打不起出租车，但我不想让寄宿家庭来接我，免得打扰他们。根据空前句意“天气很冷，我又打不起出租车”和空后句意“我不想让寄宿家庭来接我，免得打扰他们。”可知，此处前后表示转折关系需用连词but。故填but。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所以我就步行出发了，告诉自己只需要一个小时左右。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词setoff，且空处没有连词，所以空处需要非谓语动词作状语，动词tell与逻辑主语I之间主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词telling作状语。故填telling。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：当我终于到家时，那家人说他们非常担心，并问我为什么没有打电话。分析句子结构可知，疑问词副词how后需接形容词或副词引导宾语从句，此处作表语，需用形容词，由they可知，此处需用形容词worried“着急的”作表语。故填worried。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund,alsoknownasUNICEF,isaUnitedNationsorganizationbasedinNewYork.Itoffershelpneededbychildrenallovertheworld.UNICEF____14____(found)on11December,1946toprovidefoodandhealthcaretochildrenincountriesdamagedinWorldWarII.Since1953,UNICEF____15____(take)upanextendedmissiontohelpchildreninthedevelopingworld,includingthoselivingwithdiseaseordisabilities,andthoseaffectedbyrapidmodernizationandenvironmental____16____(problem).Now,UNICEFhasbeenworking____17____(improve)thelivesofchildrenandtheirfamiliesacross190countriesandterritories.【答案】14.wasfounded15.hastaken16.problems17.toimprove【解析】

4这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国儿童基金会自成立以来的发展变化以及对帮助世界上有需要的儿童做出的贡献。【14题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：联合国儿童基金会成立于1946年12月11日，目的是向二战中受损国家的儿童提供食品和保健。分析句子可知，主语UNICEF为组织机构，做单数讲，且在过去被创建，因此谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填wasfounded。【15题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1953年以来，儿童基金会承担了一项长期任务，那就是帮助发展中世界的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。分析句子可知，主语UNICEF为组织机构，做单数讲，且承担任务是从过去一直持续到现在，还可根据时间状语Since1953，可断定谓语动词用现在完成时，注意主谓一致。故填hastaken。【16题详解】考查名词的数。句意：自1953年以来，儿童基金会承担了一项长期任务，那就是帮助发展中世界的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。分析句子可知，环境问题有很多，用复数形式。故填problems。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，联合国儿童基金会一直致力于改善190个国家和地区的儿童及其家庭的生活。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词为hasbeenworking，因此improve做非谓语，且联合国儿童基金会一直工作是为了改善儿童和他们的生活，所以用动词不定式做目的状语。故填toimprove。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Onlineeatingshows,orMukbang,originatedinSouthKoreaandhavegained___18___(popular)globally.Manyhostsofsuchshowsbecomepopularfortheirabilitytoeatlargeamountsoffood.Buttheseshowshavealsoreceivedcriticism____19____theirwasteoffood.OnAug.12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,includingDouyin,KuaishouandBilibili,haveremovedvideos____20____showfoodwaste,andhavepromotedmessagesto“stopfoodwasteandeatreasonably”.【答案】18.popularity19.for20.that/which【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了“吃播”节目，最初来源于韩国的大胃王，后风靡全球；但8月12

5日，央视点名批评了部分中国吃播，指出他们存在食物浪费的情况；为了阻止这种行为的发生，抖音、快手、哔哩哔哩将含有食物浪费情况的视频都下架了。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：“吃播”起源于韩国的“大胃王”，现已风靡全球。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填名词，作gain的宾语，根据所给提示词popular，其名词形式为popularity，受欢迎，普及，流行，不可数名词，故填popularity。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：但这些节目也因浪费食物而受到批评。分析句子结构可知，这里需填介词，与theirwasteoffood共同构成原因状语，for表示理由或者原因，意为“因为，由于”，符合题意。故填for。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了阻止这种行为，抖音、快手、哔哩哔哩等许多视频和直播平台都删除了显示食物浪费的视频，并发布了制止食物浪费、合理饮食的信息。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是videos，在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A◆WhatAreWeTalkingAbout?It’scalledtheMozzyWatch.Itisastylishandcomfortablebandthatinstantlybringspeaceofmind,foritkeepsthoseannoyingmosquitoesaway.Itismadeofahardenedceramicmaterial,soitisverytoughandalmostunbreakable.Buthowthisdeviceprotectsyouagainstannoyinginsectsistrulyamazing…◆__________________________________________MozzyWatchusesultrasonicsoundstorepel(驱除)mosquitoesandflies!Theseultrasonicfrequenciesarecompletelyharmlesstohumansandpets.Atfirst,wewereskepticalabouthowthisdevicecouldworkwithouttheuseofchemicals.So,wedecidedtotestitandtheresultswereamazing.EveryoneonourteamexperiencedwonderfulresultsafterusingMozzyWatch.◆KeyMozzyWatchFeatures,Facts,andBenefits:□CompletelysafeEveryonecanusethisdevice:kids,pregnantwomenandevenpets.Itusesnochemicalsandtheultrasonicsoundsitproduceshavebeenprovensafe.□ComfortableMozzyWatchislightweightandstylish.

6□RechargeablewithlongbatterylifeItcanbechargedusinganormalUSBchargerandthebatterycanlastuptooneweek.□ImprovesqualityofsleepNomoreannoyingbuzzingmosquitosoundsaroundyourears.◆HowMuchDoestheMozzyWatchCost?TheMozzyWatchisjust$79.90,whichismorethanworthit,consideringhowmuchyousaveonthelongrun.Butitgetsevenbetter!Ifyouclickonanyofthepromotionaldiscountcouponsbelow,you’llgetitfor$49ANDFREESHIPPINGWORLDWIDE!◆HowDoIGettheMozzyWatch?Nowthatyouknowaboutthisamazingnewproduct,orderonefromtheofficialsupplier’swebsitehere:https://top.com/mozzywatchEnjoypeaceofmindfreefromannoyingmosquitoesandinsects!21.WhichwouldbethebestheadingforParagraph2?A.WhyDoWeNeedMozzyWatch?B.WhoAreSuitableToWearMozzyWatch?C.HowDoesMozzyWatchWorkToProtectYou?D.HowDidOurTeamDotheTestOnMozzyWatch?22.HowdoestheauthorpromoteMozzyWatchtoconsumers?A.Bydescribingitsstylishdesignindetail.B.Byhighlightingitsuniquetechnicalfeatures.C.Byofferingfeedbackfromthousandsofusers.D.Bygivingspecialbuy-one-get-one-freediscounts.23.Onwhatkindofwebsitewouldyouprobablyfindthisarticle?A.Health.B.Opinion.C.Entertainment.D.Sports.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了一款名为MozzyWatch的产品，它有驱蚊功效，并介绍了它的作用、技术原理、价格和购买方式。【21题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“MozzyWatchusesultrasonicsoundstorepel(驱除)mosquitoesandflies!Theseultrasonicfrequenciesarecompletelyharmlesstohumansandpets.”（MozzyWatch使用超声波驱除蚊子和苍蝇！这些超声波频率对人类和宠物是完全无害的。）可知，第二段介绍了MozzyWatch

7如何驱除蚊子和苍蝇并保护人类免受伤害的。“HowDoesMozzyWatchWorkToProtectYou?”意为“MozzyWatch是如何保护你的？”能够概括段落主旨。故选C项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“MozzyWatchusesultrasonicsoundstorepel(驱除)mosquitoesandflies!Theseultrasonicfrequenciesarecompletelyharmlesstohumansandpets.”（MozzyWatch使用超声波驱除蚊子和苍蝇！这些超声波频率对人类和宠物是完全无害的。）可知，第二段介绍了MozzyWatch使用超声波驱除蚊子和苍蝇，并对人类和宠物是完全无害的。根据第三段主旨句“KeyMozzyWatchFeatures,Facts,andBenefits”（MozzyWatch的主要特色、事实和优势）可知，作者在这段介绍了MozzyWatch的特色和优势，包括文中提到的Completelysafe（完全安全）、Comfortable（舒适的）和Improvesqualityofsleep（改善睡眠质量）等。由此可知，作者是通过突出其独特的技术特色来向消费者推销MozzyWatch的。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。浏览文章，根据第一段关键句“It’scalledtheMozzyWatch.Itisastylishandcomfortablebandthatinstantlybringspeaceofmind,foritkeepsthoseannoyingmosquitoesaway.”（它叫MozzyWatch。这是一个时尚和舒适的手环，戴上它能够立即带来大脑的平静，因为它可以让那些讨厌的蚊子远离。）可知，本文主要介绍了一款名为MozzyWatch的产品，它有驱蚊功效，且对人类的身体完全无害。这款产品和人的健康有关，由此可知，你可能会在健康网站上找到这篇文章。故选A项。BKajalmovedtotheUnitedStatesinFebruary2017.Havingpreviouslyvolunteeredfortwoyearsasanassistantyogateacherinherhomecountry,KajalwasenthusiasticaboutvolunteeringandbeganlookingforvolunteeropportunitiesthatmatchherinterestsonVolunteerMatch.“Ienjoyvolunteeringandit’sawaytomakeanimpactinmynewcommunity,”saysKajal.KajalwasdrawntoavolunteeropportunitywiththeMeridianInternationalCentertoreviewapplicationsonbehalfofthe YoungLeadersoftheAmericasInitiative(YLAI).Kajalhadpreviousexperience,andthepositionalsoaffordedhertheopportunitytoworkremotely.AfterconnectingwiththeopportunityonVolunteerMatchandsuccessfullycompletingtheapplicationprocess,Kajalgottowork.Herroleinvolvedreviewingapplicationsfrompotentialcandidatesforafour-weekfellowshipintheU.S.Shewasresponsiblefordescribingthebusinessideaspresentedbythesecandidates,assessingthesocialimpactoftheirbusinesses,anddeterminingthestrengthofcandidatestocarryouttheirplans.Withalmost4,000applicantsin2017,MeridianInternationalCenterconsidersvolunteerslikeKajaltobeintegral(必要的)membersoftheteam.Withhelpfromvolunteers,250candidateshavenowbeenselectedtotakepartintheprogramandwilltraveltotheU.S.thisfall.

8Kajalsaysthatthisvolunteeropportunitysuper-chargedherexistingskills,whilehelpingherbuildnewonessuchastimemanagement,businessanalysis,decision-making,planning,andpresenting.SheisnowlookingforhernextvolunteeropportunityandreflectspositivelyonherexperiencewithMeridianInternationalCenter,“Anewcountrybringsinalotofnewexperiencesandvolunteeringhelpedmetosettleintoanewenvironment,”addsKajal.“Byhelpingothers,Ifeltneededinsociety.Notonlydiditimprovemyself-esteem(自尊),otherpeoplebenefitedtoo.Volunteeringisagreatopportunitytoimproveyourself,others,andthewholesociety”.24.WhydidKajallookforavolunteeringopportunityintheU.S.?A.Shewantedtodosomethingforhernewcommunity.B.Sheneededachancetomeetnewpeople.C.Shewantedtorememberheryogaclass.D.Sheneededtoimprovehersocialskills.25.OneofKajal’sjobsinYLAIis________.A.raisingthecandidates’self-esteemB.buildingthecandidates’existingskillsC.helpingthecandidatesdosomevolunteerworkD.judgingthesocialimpactofcandidates’businesses26.HowdoesKajalfeelaboutherexperiencewithMeridianInternationalCenter?A.Rewarding.B.Tiring.C.Relaxing.D.Challenging.【答案】24.A25.D26.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在美国当志愿者的经历，并总结出自己在此过程中的收获。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，““Ienjoyvolunteeringandit’sawaytomakeanimpactinmynewcommunity,”saysKajal.”（我喜欢做志愿者工作，它也是一种让我在我的新环境做出贡献的方式），可知，作者搬到美国后做志愿者工作，有两个原因，一是，自己喜欢；二是，想为自己新的社区做贡献。故选A。25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第一句，“Shewasresponsiblefordescribingthebusinessideaspresentedby

9thesecandidates,assessingthesocialimpactoftheirbusinesses,anddeterminingthestrengthofcandidatestocarryouttheirplans.”（她也要负责描述这些候选人呈现出的事业理想，评估他们的事业对社会的影响，并判断这些候选人执行他们计划的能力），可知，D项，“评判候选人的事业的社会影响”，属于其中任务之一。故选D。【26题详解】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“Byhelpingothers,Ifeltneededinsociety.Notonlydiditimprovemyself-esteem(自尊),otherpeoplebenefitedtoo.Volunteeringisagreatopportunitytoimproveyourself,others,andthewholesociety.”（通过帮助其他人，我感觉到了在社会中被需要。它不仅提高了我的自尊，而且其他人也受益很多，志愿者工作是一次提升自己，他人以及整个社会的机会），可知，作者通过这次志愿者经历，收获很多。故选A。【点睛】CHundredsofpeopledieatseaeveryyearduetoshipandairplaneaccidents.Emergencyteamshavelittletimetorescuethoseinthewaterbecausetheprobabilityoffindingapersonalivefalldramaticallyaftersixhours.Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.NewinsightintocoastalflowsgainedbyaninternationalresearchteamledbyGeorgeHaller,ProfessorofNonlinearDynamicsatETHZurich,promisestoenhancethesearchandrescuetechniquescurrentlyinuse.Usingtoolsfromdynamicalsystemstheoryandoceandata,theteamhasdevelopedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatinginwaterwillgo.“Ourworkhasaclearpotentialtosavelives,”saysMattiaSerra,thefirstauthorofastudyrecentlypublishedinNatureCommunications.Intoday’srescueoperationsatsea,complicatedmodelsofoceandynamicsandweatherforecastingareusedtopredictthepathoffloatingobjects.Forfast-changingcoastalwaters,however,suchpredictionsareofteninaccurateduetouncertainboundariesandmissingdata.Asaresult,asearchmaybelaunchedinthewronglocation,causingalossofprecioustime.Haller’sresearchteamobtainedmathematicalresultspredictingthatobjectsfloatingontheocean’ssurfaceshouldgatheralongafewspecialcurves(曲线)whichtheycallTRansientAttractingProfiles(TRAPs).Thesecurvescan’tbeseenwithoureyesbutcanbetrackedfrominstantoceansurfacecurrentdatausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbytheETHteam.Thisenablesquickandpreciseplanningofsearchpathsthatarelesssensitivetouncertaintiesinthetimeandplaceoftheaccident.IncooperationwithateamfromMIT,theETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithmintwo

10separateoceanexperimentsnearMartha’sVineyard,whichisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates.Workingfromthesamereal-timedataavailabletotheCoastGuard,theteamsuccessfullyidentifiedTRAPsintheregioninrealtime.Theyfoundthatbuoysandmanikins(浮标和人体模型)throwninthewaterindeedquicklygatheredalongtheseemergingcurves.“Ofseveralcompetingapproachestestedinthisproject,thiswastheonlyalgorithmthatconsistentlyfoundtherightlocation,”saysHaller.“Ourresultsarerapidlyobtained,easytointerpretandcheaptoperform,”pointsoutSerra.Hallerstresses:“Ourhopeisthatthismethodwillbecomeastandardpartofthetoolkitofcoastguardseverywhere.”27.Inasearchandrescueoperation,.A.thesurvivalratedropstoalmostzeroaftersixhoursB.theuseofdynamicsleadstothewronglocationC.weatherconditionsareadeterminingfactorD.changingcurrentspresentachallenge28.Whatisthedistinctfeatureofthenewalgorithm?A.Itreliesonoceandynamics.B.Ittracksthepathofthecurves.C.Itstopstheuncertaintiesoftheaccident.D.Itfiguresouthowtideschangeovertime.29.Paragraph5mainlytalksabout.A.thecollectionofdataB.thetestingofthealgorithmC.theidentificationoftheTRAPsD.thecooperationoftworesearchteams30.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhySuccessRatesofRescueOperationshaveFallenB.WhyAlgorithmsarePopularinRescueOperationsC.HowMathematicsCanSaveLivesatSeaD.HowCoastalWatersAffectSavingLives【答案】27.D28.B29.B30.C【解析】这一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.”

11（除了潮汐和天气条件的挑战外，不稳定的水流经常使搜寻和营救措施变得极其困难。）可知，在搜寻和营救中，变化的水流呈现出挑战。故选D项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesecurvescan’tbeseenwithoureyesbutcanbetrackedfrominstantoceansurfacecurrentdatausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbytheETHteam.”（这些曲线不能被眼睛看到。但是通过使用由ETM小组发展的数学方法，能瞬间从海洋表面的水流数据追踪到这些曲线。）可知，新算法能追踪到曲线的路径，故选B项。【29题详解】段落大意题。根据第五段“theETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithm”（ETM小组基于TRAP的搜寻算法，来测试他们的新算法，。）可知，第五段主要讲述算法的测试，故选B项。【30题详解】标题判断题。第一段“Hundredsofpeopledieatseaeveryyearduetoshipandairplaneaccidents.”（每年成百上千的人由于船或飞机事故死在海中。）交代了文章的背景。根据第二段“theteamhasdevelopedanalgorithmtopredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatinginwaterwillgo.”（这个小组发展了算法，用于预测将要沉入水中的人和物。）及“recentmathematicalmethods…enablesquickandpreciseplanningofsearchpaths”（最近的数学方法使搜寻路径变得快且精准。）可知，数学算法可以在海上精准地探测到人和物体，故文章主要讲述如何通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。故选C项。DRecentlytheterm“climateanxiety”hasbeenusedtobetterdescribeourgrowingconcernsaboutclimatechange.Whilethereisevidencethatclimateanxietycanbeidentifiedandreliablymeasured,what’slessclearishowitrelatestomentalillness.Mentalhealthprovidersacrosstheworldarenotingthepresenceofclimateanxietyintheirpatients;however,thedegreetowhichitisinfluencingmentalillnessisnotyetclear,thoughevidenceaddressingthisquestionisslowlygrowing.Foryearsnow,mentalhealthclinicianshaveseenclimateanxietyinfluencingpresentationsofmentalillnessinavarietyofways,someextreme.Recentstudiesarestartingtolookatlinksbetweenclimateanxietyandmentalillnessinlargersamplestohelpbetterunderstandthedirectionalityoftheirrelationship.InaU.S.surveyofmorethan340peoplepublishedin2018,climateconcernswereassociatedwithdepressivesymptoms(症状).Ecologicalcoping,whichincludespro-environmentalbehaviorssuchasreducingenergyconsumption,appearedtobeprotectiveagainstdepression,indicatingthatclimateconcernsandthepoorcopingskillsusedtoaddressthemcouldbecausingdepressivesymptoms.Sowhomightbemoreatriskofmentalillnesssecondarytotheuncertaintiesaroundclimatechange?Unsurprisingly,climateanxietyappearshigherinindividualswithmoreconcernaboutenvironmentalissuesat

12baselineandthosealreadyexperiencingdirecteffectsofclimatechange.Climatologistsalsofaceincreasedriskgiventheirin-depthknowledgeontheissuecoupledwiththeupsettingtaskoftryingtoconveyittoindividualsandgovernmentsthatoftendenyordownplayit.Peoplewithhighlevelsofneuroticism,apersonalitytraitthatincreasessusceptibilitytomentalillness,arealsolikelytobeathighrisk.Someindividualsreportadaptiveresponsestoclimateanxietylikeadoptingpro-environmentalbehaviorsandparticipatingincollectiveaction,whileothersareunabletorespondbehaviorallyatall.It’snotyetclearhowthesevaryingreactionsmanifest(呈现)onapopulationlevelandhowthey’reinfluencinghumanity’sresponsetoclimatechange.However,arecentsurveyofnearly200peoplefoundthat,whileclimateanxietywasassociatedwithanemotionalresponsetoclimatechange,itwasnotcorrelatedwithabehavioralresponse.Ifthisistrueforhumanityasawhole,wemusturgentlyhelpmotivatetheanxiousamongus.Doingsosuccessfullywillrequiremanyapproaches,suchasdeliveringcognitive-behavioraltherapy(认知行为疗法)tothemostseverelyaffectedanddemonstratingtoentirepopulationsthatchangeispossiblebybetterpublicizingproductiveeffortsbyorganizationstoreducetheircarbonfootprints.Wecan’tletclimateanxietystopusfromrespondingtoclimatechange,becausenow,morethanever,weneedaction,notinaction.31.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Mentalillnessmayincreasetheriskofclimateanxiety.B.Reducingenergyconsumptioncanhelptreatdepression.C.Failuretohandleclimateanxietymaycausedepressivesymptoms.D.Theinfluenceofclimateanxietyonmentalillnesscanbemeasured.32.Theunderlinedphrase“secondaryto”inParagraph3probablymeans.A.asaresultofB.lessimportantthanC.asseriousasD.regardlessof33.Whichofthefollowingmightbeeffectiveinhelpingtheanxiousovercomeclimateanxiety?A.Publicizingthelatestresearchonclimateanxiety.B.Fundingstudiesintocognitive-behavioraltherapies.C.Deliveringspeechestoanxiouspeopleonaregularbasis.D.Informingthepublicofpracticalwaystoliveagreenerlife.34.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Torevealconsequencesofclimateanxiety.B.Toshownewfindingsaboutclimateanxiety.C.Tocompareclimateanxietyandmentalillness.

13D.Todemandcareforthoseexperiencingclimateanxiety.【答案】31.C32.A33.D34.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现，未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状，并呼吁我们关心那些经历气候焦虑的人。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“InaU.S.surveyofmorethan340peoplepublishedin2018,climateconcernswereassociatedwithdepressivesymptoms(症状).Ecologicalcoping,whichincludespro-environmentalbehaviorssuchasreducingenergyconsumption,appearedtobeprotectiveagainstdepression,indicatingthatclimateconcernsandthepoorcopingskillsusedtoaddressthemcouldbecausingdepressivesymptoms.”（在美国2018年公布的一项针对340多人的调查中，对气候的担忧与抑郁症状有关。生态应对，包括减少能源消耗等有利于环境的行为，似乎对抑郁症有保护作用，这表明气候担忧和处理这些问题的不当方法可能导致抑郁症。）可知，对气候的担忧与抑郁症状有关，气候担忧和处理这些问题的不当方法可能导致抑郁症。由此可知，通过前两段的内容我们可以得知，未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状。故选C项。【32题详解】词义猜测题。上文介绍了未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状，根据第三段关键句“Unsurprisingly,climateanxietyappearshigherinindividualswithmoreconcernaboutenvironmentalissuesatbaselineandthosealreadyexperiencingdirecteffectsofclimatechange.”（毋庸置疑，在基准状态下对环境问题更为关注的人和那些已经经历了气候变化直接影响的人中，气候焦虑似乎出现的比例更高。）可知，后文介绍的是由于气候变化，哪些人更容易患上气候焦虑。由此可知，画线短语所在句提出的问题是“由于气候变化的不确定性，谁更容易患上精神疾病呢？”“asaresultof”意为“由于”，符合句意，能够表示画线短语的意思。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Ifthisistrueforhumanityasawhole,wemusturgentlyhelpmotivatetheanxiousamongus.Doingsosuccessfullywillrequiremanyapproaches,suchasdeliveringcognitive-behavioraltherapy(认知行为疗法)tothemostseverelyaffectedanddemonstratingtoentirepopulationsthatchangeispossiblebybetterpublicizingproductiveeffortsbyorganizationstoreducetheircarbonfootprints.”（如果这对整个人类来说是真的，我们必须紧急地帮助激励我们中间焦虑的人。成功地做到这一点需要许多方法，例如向受影响最严重的人提供认知行为疗法，并向全体民众表明，通过各组织更好地宣传为减少碳足迹所作的富有成效的努力，改变是可能的。）可知，要想帮助我们中间气候焦虑的人，可以通过向全体民众宣传减少碳足迹的方式，改变是可能的。由此可知，可能有效帮助焦虑者克服气候焦虑的方法是让公众知道如何过上更环保的生活。故选D项。

14【34题详解】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现，未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状。根据最后一段关键句“Ifthisistrueforhumanityasawhole,wemusturgentlyhelpmotivatetheanxiousamongus.”（如果这对整个人类来说是真的，我们必须紧急地帮助激励我们中间焦虑的人。）可知，作者在文章中呼吁人们必须紧急地帮助我们中间有气候焦虑的人。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁我们关心那些经历气候焦虑的人。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverbeenlabeleda“perfectionist”?Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone?It’sattractivetoseeperfectionismasapositivequality—itshowsthatwepaycloseattentiontodetailandgetthingsright!And,itisoftenviewedasastrengththathelpspeopletoproducehigh-qualitywork.____35____Itcandamageself-esteem,causerelationshipproblems,and,inextremecases,itmayevenleadtoserioushealthproblems.Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism,thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyoutolessenitsnegativeeffects.Setrealisticgoals.____36____Instead,learntothinkaboutyourmostimportantlifeandcareergoals.Then,breakthemdownintosmallersteps.Notonlywillthismakeiteasiertoreachyourobjectives,butyou’llalsoexperiencethethrillofachievingthem.____37____Ifyou’refeelinganxiousorunhappyaboutatask,theymaybetellingyouthatyou’retryingtoachievetheimpossible.Andadjustyourtargetsaccordingly!Perfectionistsareoftenlikelytostartnegativeself-talk.Ifyoucatchyourselfdoingthis,stop!Tryusingthoughtawarenesstoquestionyournegativethoughtsandaddsomepositivity!Focusonthebiggerpicture.Perfectionismcancause“tunnelvision”—whenyoufocusononesmallpartofsomethingbutignoretherest.Youmight,forinstance,focusongettingaminorpartofapresentationright,likethespecialeffects,insteadofconcentratingonthemeaningthatyouaretryingtodeliver.Remembertokeepyourfocusonthebiggerpicture.____38____Relaxandgowiththeflow.Thepursuitofperfectioncanmakeitextremelydifficulttorelax.Andperfectionistsprefertomaintainfocusandtosticktotheircarefullylaidplans.Butrelaxationisn’tjustnecessaryforahealthylife.Itcanalsoimproveyourproductivityandwell-being.Andyou’llbebetteratkeepingperfectionismundercontrolifyou’refeelingrested,clear-headedandhappy.____39____Getoutside,beopentonewexperiencesandnewpeople,makeuseofrelaxationtechniques,andrecognizewhenyouneedtoswitchoff.Mostofall,don’tallowperfectionismorfearoffailuretostopyoufromexperiencingnewthings.Beopento

15newwaysofthinking,newpeople,andnewexperiences.Youmightjustfindthatlettinggoactuallyboostsyourwell-being,yourrelationships,andyourperformance.A.Listentoyouremotions.B.So,takeregularbreaksatwork.C.Seekadvicefromqualifiedhealthprofessionals.D.Yourfailingswillseemlesssignificantandyou’llreducetheurgetobeperfect.E.However,whenperfectionismgetsoutofcontrol,itcandomoreharmthangood.F.Perfectionistsoftensetobjectivessohighthatthere’slittlehopeofeverachievingthem.G.Ifyou’reafraidtomakemistakes,it’sdifficulttogeneratenewideasandseizeopportunities.【答案】35.E36.F37.A38.D39.B【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种减少完美主义带来的负面影响的办法。35题详解】根据下文“Itcandamageself-esteem,causerelationshipproblems,and,inextremecases,itmayevenleadtoserioushealthproblems.(它会损害自尊，引起人际关系问题，在极端情况下，甚至可能导致严重的健康问题。)”可知，下文说的是完美主义面临的问题。E项意为“然而，当完美主义失去控制时，弊大于利。”选项内容能够引起下文，且与上文介绍的完美主义的优点形成转折关系。故选E。【36题详解】根据段落主旨句“Setrealisticgoals.(设定现实的目标。)”可知，本段讲述的是要想减少完美主义的负面影响，可以通过设定现实的目标。根据下文“Instead,learntothinkaboutyourmostimportantlifeandcareergoals.(相反，学会思考你最重要的人生和职业目标。)”可知，下文说的是如何设定现实的目标。F项意为“完美主义者往往把目标定得太高，以至于实现目标的希望渺茫。”选项内容符合段落主旨，说出了完美主义者在设定目标时出现的问题，下文针对这个问题给出了解决方法。故选F。【37题详解】空格处为段落主旨句。根据下文“Ifyou’refeelinganxiousorunhappyaboutatask,theymaybetellingyouthatyou’retryingtoachievetheimpossible.Andadjustyourtargetsaccordingly!(如果你对一项任务感到焦虑或不高兴，他们可能会告诉你，你正试图实现不可能的目标。在这种情况下要调整你的目标！)”可知，本段介绍了我们情绪的变化会告诉我们所制定的目标是否合理。A项意为“倾听你的情绪。”选项内容能够概括段落主旨，告诉我们倾听情绪的重要性，下文中的“anxiousorunhappy”是对选项中的“emotions”的举例。故选A。【38题详解】

16根据上文“Perfectionismcancause“tunnelvision”—whenyoufocusononesmallpartofsomethingbutignoretherest.(完美主义会导致“视野狭隘”——当你专注于某件事的一小部分时，却忽略了其余的部分。)”和“Remembertokeepyourfocusonthebiggerpicture.(记住要把注意力放在大局上。)”可知，本段告诉我们要把注意力放在大局上，避免完美主义导致的“视野狭隘”。D项意为“你的失败会显得不那么重要，你会减少追求完美的冲动。”选项内容能够承接上文，如果我们能够做到把注意力放在大局上，就会减少追求完美的冲动。故选D。【39题详解】根据上文“Butrelaxationisn’tjustnecessaryforahealthylife.Itcanalsoimproveyourproductivityandwell-being.Andyou’llbebetteratkeepingperfectionismundercontrolifyou’refeelingrested,clear-headedandhappy.(但放松不仅仅是健康生活所必需的。它还可以提高你的工作效率和健康。如果你感到精神振作、头脑清醒和快乐，你会更好地控制完美主义。)”可知，本段告诉我们放松有助于提高工作效率，可以让你更好地控制完美主义。B项意为“所以，在工作中定时休息。”选项内容与上文为因果关系，正因为放松有助于提高工作效率，所以应该在工作中定时休息。故选B。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Twohundredyearsago,adevicebegantodominatetheworldofwork—theclock.Withitsarrival,peoplewerepaidonthebasisofhowmanyhourstheyworked,ratherthantheirmaterialoutput,andwererequiredbytheownertoturnupforasetshift.Theclock’sauthoritarianrulemayatlastbeweakening.Workingremotelyhasbroughtagreaterdegreeoffreedom.Asurveyacrosssixcountriesfoundthatflexibleworkingwasviewedverypositively,improvingbothpeople’swork-lifebalanceandproductivity.Flexibleworkersevenscoredmorehighlyonasenseof“belonging”totheirorganizationthanthoseonanine-to-fiveschedule.Itishardlysurprisingthatworkerspreferflexibility.Workingarigideight-hourscheduleisincrediblyrestricting.Thosearealsothehourswhenmostshopsareopen,whendoctorsanddentistswilltakeappointments,andwhenrepairmenarewillingtovisit.Parentsonaconventionalroutinemaybeabletotaketheirchildrentoschoolinthemorningbutareunlikelytobeabletopickthemupintheafternoon.Manyfamiliesfindthemselvesconstantlystrugglingwithschedulesandgivinguppreciousholidaytimetodealwithdomesticemergencies.Onreflection,itisnottooshockingthathome-workersfeeltheyaremoreproductive.Afterall,fewpeoplehavetheabilitytoconcentratesolidlyforeighthoursatastretch.Therearepointsinthedaywherepeoplewanttostareoutofthewindoworgoforawalk;thesemaybemomentswhentheyfindinspirationorrechargethemselves

17forthenexttask.Whentheydothisinanoffice,theyrisktheboss’sdisapproval;athome,theycanworkwhentheyaremostmotivated.Ofcourse,workingremotelycarriesdangers:peoplemayloseallseparationbetweenworkandhomelife,andarelikelytobestressed.Toinjectsomehumancontact,companiesmayembraceamixedmodelinwhichworkersgointotheofficeforpartoftheweek.Butoverall,office-workers’freedomfromtimerestrictionsistobewelcomed.Theclockwasacruelmasterandmanypeoplewillbehappytoescapeitsdominion.40.Whatdecidedtheworkers’payaftertheclockappeared?41.Pleaseparaphrasetheunderlinedsentenceinyourownwords.42.Pleasedecidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Workingremotelyisviewedpositivelybecauseitbringslotsofbenefitsanditisperfect.43.Asastudent,whatdoyouthinkofremotelearning?(about40words)【答案】40.Thenumberofhourstheyworked.41.People’slivesaregreatlyrestrictedbythefixedworkinghours.42.Workingremotelyisviewedpositivelybecauseitbringslotsofbenefitsanditisperfect.Accordingtothepassage,remoteworkingalsohasitsdrawbacks,suchasmakingpeopleloseallseparationbetweenworkandhomelife,andmakingpeoplefeelstressed.43.言之有理即可【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自钟表发明之后，工人的工资由工作时间来决定。又详细说明了固定工作时间的缺点及远程工作时间的优缺点。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句中“Withitsarrival,peoplewerepaidonthebasisofhowmanyhourstheyworked（随着它的到来，人们的工资是根据他们的工作时间来支付的，）”可知，钟表出现之后，决定工人工资的是他们的工作时间，故答案为：Thenumberofhourstheyworked.【41题详解】考查细节理解。划线句子是一个主系表结构，意为“严格的八小时工作时间表是难以置信的限制。”可推断，工人的生活被这种固定的工作时间牢牢地限制住了，故答案为：People’slivesaregreatlyrestrictedbythefixedworkinghours.【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段第一句“Onreflection,itisnottooshockingthathome-workersfeeltheyaremoreproductive.（仔细想想，在家工作的人觉得自己的工作效率更高，这并不太令人震惊。）”

18及该段所述在家工作的好处可知，远程工作（在家工作）是非常受欢迎的一种工作方式，因为它带来了很多的益处；然而根据最后一段第一句话“Ofcourse,workingremotelycarriesdangers（当然，远程工作也有危险）”可知，远程工作也有弊端，因此它并不是完美（perfect）的，所以该陈述中错误的部分是：perfect。最后一段中“peoplemayloseallseparationbetweenworkandhomelife,andarelikelytobestressed.（人们可能会失去工作和家庭生活之间的所有分离，并可能会感到压力。）”列举出了远程工作的缺点。所以陈述理由为：Accordingtothepassage,remoteworkingalsohasitsdrawbacks,suchasmakingpeopleloseallseparationbetweenworkandhomelife,andmakingpeoplefeelstressed.（根据文章，远程工作也有它的缺点，例如使人们失去工作和家庭生活的所有分离，使人们感到压力。）【43题详解】考查语言表达。文章介绍了固定办公时间和灵活办公时间的优缺点，考生可以根据文章内容任选一方面来陈述远程学习的优点或缺点。只要言之有理即可。参考答案：Inmyopinion,studentscangreatlybenefitfromtheremotelearning.Firstly,youcanlearnmoreusefulknowledgethatyoucannotobtainfromregularschoolteaching.Secondly,youcanchoosethetimewhenyouwillstudy,whichmeansthatifyouareinbadmentalstate,youcanadjustyourstudytime.第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim曾经在你校读书，想了解学校有哪些变化，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.学校的变化；2.你的感受。注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。【答案】DearJim,I’mmorethanelatedtoinformyouofsomechangesinourschoolatyourrequest.Renovatedin2019,themainbuildingsnowhaveamodernfeel,withdarkorangewallsandwhiteborders.Meanwhile,thewholecampusisburstingwithvigor,fullofrecently-plantedtreesandflowers.Hardwarefacilitieshavebeenupgraded,includingnewblackboardsandcomputersintheclassrooms.Theschoollibrary,whichhasbeenunderrepairduringthelastthreemonths,willreopennextweek.Itissaidthatthelibrarywillseatmorestudentsandthelibrarianshaverestockedthelibraryshelveswithlargequantitiesofnewbooks.Iamgladtowitnessthesechanges.Theyhaveprovidedusabetterplacetostudyandlive.Franklyspeaking,Iwillhaveahardtimeleavingaftergraduation.

19Allthebest.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写封邮件，向他介绍学校的变化。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时。结构：三步法第一步写来信目的（略写）；第二步写学校变化（详写）；第三步表达自身感受（略写）。要求：1.学校的变化；2.自己的感受。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）morethanelated,atyourrequest,beburstingwith,underrepair,befullof,quantitiesof,begladtodosth.,providesb.sth.,franklyspeaking.第三步：连词成句1.I’mmorethanelatedtoinformyouofsomechangesinourschoolatyourrequest.2.Thewholecampusisburstingwithvigor,fullofrecently-plantedtreesandflowers.3.Theschoollibrary,whichhasbeenunderrepairduringthelastthreemonths,willreopennextweek.4.Itissaidthatthelibrarywillseatmorestudentsandthelibrarianshaverestockedthelibraryshelveswithlargequantitiesofnewbooks.5.Franklyspeaking,Iwillhaveahardtimeleavingaftergraduation.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：Meanwhile,including.2.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing(供参考)3.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，确保文章句式的多样性。

20【点睛】[高分句型1]Theschoollibrary,whichhasbeenunderrepairduringthelastthreemonths,willreopennextweek.（该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰theschoollibrary）[高分句型2]Itissaidthatthelibrarywillseatmorestudentsandthelibrarianshaverestockedthelibraryshelveswithlargequantitiesofnewbooks.（该句中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，其中，动词短语restock…with…的用法非常地道）