2015-2016学年天津市六校联考高一(上)期末化学试卷

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2015-2016
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216.
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3ᑖ
2015•ᜩᓄcᵨḄ⚜ᱥḄឋ.᝞᪷H2+C12—2HC1iH2+Br2—2HBr.<^Ḅ᝞᪷2Na2C2+2CO2-2Na2co3+O2,2Na2O2+2SO2-2Na2SO3+O2┯Ḅ_jNa2O2+SO2-Na2sCU.ᑡᔜcḄA.Z8_tᡂNaOHDH2,iᡠᨵZ8_5tᡂDH2B.ᵫC02+Ca
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16⌕}ᡠPᑺ⌕◀NaCl.ᨵḄ12ᡈᓄ⃓ஹᑖ◀NOM.ᨵḄNO2M◀SiO2.ᨵḄA12O3¢⏚£¤◀Fe(SO4)3ᨵḄFeS04£YᓄL------2ூὃ௃ᱥḄᑖ0ஹª«Ḅ¬^®⌱¯27ᵨ.ூ⚪௃ᱥḄᑖ0ª«/␺².ூᑖ᪆௃Ớ´᧕¶(᧕¶ᨵ·ᑺqYᓄ¸267+ᡂNOYᓄ2¢⏚67(¹qYᓄấ´kFeSO42£YᓄL67+ᡂ<⏚».ூAB௃ACỚ´᧕¶(᧕¶ᨵ·ᑺ(ᑣ◀ᩖᑺᡈᓄ(⃓ஹᑖqYᓄ¸267+ᡂNO,ᑣ◀ᩖᑺ(MYᓄ2¢⏚67(¹qYᓄấ´k(ᑣ◀ᩖᑺ¢⏚(£¤FeSO42£YᓄL67+ᡂ<⏚»(ᑣ◀ᩖᑺ£YᓄL(ᦑBᫀC⌕}ᡠPᑺ⌕◀NaCl.ᨵḄ12ᡈᓄ⃓ஹᑖ◀NOM.ᨵḄNO2M◀SiO2.ᨵḄA12O3¢⏚£¤◀Fe2(SO4)3ᨵḄFeSCH£YᓄL------ூ]௃^⚪ὃ_ᔠᱥᑖ0ª«(¿⚣ὃ(ÁÂᱥḄឋஹឋÃÄb*+Ḅ67ஹᔠᱥᑖ0®ABḄᐵi(lᑖ᪆27ᵨkmḄὃ_(⚪no´ᜧ.22.(10ᑖ)(2015v•ᜩyz{)XஹYஹZஹWᙳ.ᓄḄÌÍᱥ(ÎÏᩩÑÒÓÔÕᨵ᝞Vᓄᐵ×C(1)ØÙ67ÚÛYᓄÜÝ67জXß-(WÚàᡂ⏚áḄ⌕M(ᑣYᑮZḄ01ãäSO39+SO2+H2O=2HSO3ঝXÚÎé¢(ᯚ⁐67ì⁐(⌲îPᐭW,.ïðñMò(óô+ñ⁐ñᕡMZ,YḄᓄäNaHCO3.ঞØWÎéß-,Yᐹᨵøឋ(ᑣᔣZ.úᐭûqYᓄḄ01ãä2A102+CO2+3H2O=2A1(OH)3+832-.(2)ØÙ67ÚYᓄÜÝ67জXÌýìþ⁐M(WÚ+ÿ
ᵨᨬḄᑣYḄᐭWᡂZḄ2Fe3++Fe=3Fe2+.ঝX'()*+ᓄᔠᱥZ/012⁐*+X*+Ḅ45678Ḅ1⁐9:;<=>?ᡈ⍗↾ᨵDE⏚ḄGᴻIJKLXMᓄYḄᓄN—ᓄᑺ4NH3+5O?1NO+6H2O.XWWY

17ூὃ\௃^_ᱥḄ`a.ூb⚪௃^_`adᐗfgᐸᓄᔠᱥ.ூᑖ᪆௃(1)জXnoW/pᡂ⏚qḄr⌕*+WS02,YஹZᑖxyᨵS03?\HSO3'dঝX/0Eᯚ⁐}
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18Icঠ(1)ᑏজḄᓄNSO2+C12+2H2O=H2so4+2HC1(2)ᑏ}
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22

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ö¿ᑏᓄ8;.óO⏚ஹ×⏚ç&ᐰᵯ¾Ḅ
ᡠᑏ¾\;.eí᝞/s1)ÒᑖḄᱥ᝞Ca(HC03)2+2H+—Ca2++2CO2ù+2H2O,┯ᙠûCa(HCO3)2ÒᑖᡂCa?+SHCO3.sHCO3+H+-C02ù+H20.zýsÒᑖḄᱥþÕ⏚(᝞×⏚HC1)ஹÕÖ(᝞ðlᓄÿNaOH)ஹᜧᦪឋ(ᓄNaCD.2)ᑖḄᱥজᱥ1!ᔣ#⏚┛&'ᐭ)*⏚.┯,!CO32+2H+=CO2+HO212!CaCO33456BaSO*AgCKCu(OH)2ஹFhSiChஹFeSஹCuS,CᙠEᑏGHIJKLᙳN5OᑏᡂᓄQK.RS!CaCO3+2H+=CO2+Ca2++H2OঝUᱥVWᡂᱥ(98%[\⏚5]ᮞ_(Ca(OH)2)CᱯaḄ⌕cd)2!ᔣᓄ┛e&'ᐭ\⏚e.┯,!fgOhW.12!CaSO4jUᱥ56Ag2so4ஹMgC03ஹCa(OH)2CUᱥ5oVpWᡂᱥᙠEᑏGHIJKLᙳN5OᑏᡂᓄQK.RS!SO?+Ca2+=CaSO4sLst!UᱥVWᡂᱥ5[uvwLᡂGHK5[uvᜧLOᑏᡂᓄQK.ঞyᵯ{(CH3C00H,HF,HC10,H2c03,H2S,H2SO3,NH3»H2O)3!ᔣᓄ~e&'ᐭ)*4.┯,!AI3++30H=AI(OH)3J12!4pyᵯ{56H20ஹHFஹCH3co0HCyᵯ{ᙠEᑏGHIJKLᙳN5OᑏᡂᓄQK.RS!AI3++3NH3«H2O=A1(OH)3U+3NH4+

24টᓄᱥMnC2,CuO,Fe2C>3,AI2O3,Na2஺5Na2O24!ᓄ'ᐭ4&.┯,!O2+H2O20H-12!Na2Ojᓄᱥ5ᓄᱥjᔲ34ᙠEᑏGHIJKLᙳN5OᑏᡂᓄQK.RS!Na2O+H2O=2Na++20Hঠy⏚Ḅ⏚K⏚᪷ᒹHCO3\HS',HSO3-,H2P05HPO?5!ᔣ#⏚e&'ᐭ⏚.┯,!2H++CO32-=CO2+H2O12.HCO3jy⏚H2c03Ḅ⏚K⏚᪷56HSO3,ஹHS\H2PoCGHᙠEᑏGHIJKLᙳN5OᑏᡂᓄQK.RS!HCO3+H+=C02+H20cd:3⏚Ḅ⏚K5᝞NaHSCUᐸ▢GHᙠe&ONᑏᡂH+£SO42¤K5ᙠ[e&N5¥ᑏᡂHS045ড§¨gO6!ᓄ᪶§«£ᓄ┛§«¬ᔠ'®.┯,!NH4++OH-=NH3/T+H2012!ᑏGHgOḄ±²jᙠ4e&ᡈᰚµ¶᝱¸¹ºḄgO5§«£§«ḄgO»¼jGHgO5½ᑏᓄQIJK5ᑏGHIJK.RS!2NHC1+CaOH2=CaCl2+2NH3+2H2OᓄQgOIJK4ঢÀᵯ{ⅅÂஹÃ⏣CᜧᦪᨵÆᱥjÀᵯ{5ᙠEᑏGHIJKLᙳN5OᑏᑖHK.3ஹᑤ!ᑤÈIJKÉʨËḄGHᑖH.4ஹÌ:ÍÌKHÉÊḄᔜÏ1HḄᦪÐᵯ₹ᦪjᔲ¨C5jᔲÒÓ5Ô⌕Õᡠ×KHᓄQØ*ᦪjjᨬÚ᦮ᦪÜ5oj5⌕ᓄᡂᨬÚ᦮ᦪÜ.ÝஹGHIJKEᑏ⍳ßḄ1ᑣ!1ஹáâãä1ᑣ!᝞2Fe+6H+—2Fe3++3H25┯ᙠH+æFeᓄᡂFe3+,ç½ᓄᡂFe2+.Op:Fe+2H+—Fe"+H2.2ஹ*ßឤ1ᑣ!᝞Na+H0—Na++OH'+H25┯ᙠgO±êH1HḄᦪëC.Op:2Na+2HO—2Na++2OH22+H2.3ஹᵯ₹ßឤ1ᑣ!Fe3++Cu=Fe2++Cu2+,┯ᙠìíÉÊᵯ₹ßឤ.Op!2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+.4ஹîïᡂ1ᑣ!᝞\⏚£BaOH2egO!H++SO42'+Ba2++OH=BaSO4vk+H2O,┯ᙠSCU?Hᓱ,Ba?+OHó⍳ô1!2õîïᡂ.Op!2H++SO425Ba2++2OH--BaS04j+2H20.ூø⚪Iᔣ௃ûὃýþ⌕ὃÿ
Ḅᑏᑣ◤⌕.┯ᑖᔠᳮ""!"#$%┯&ᔠ'()*ᐺ,12010•2ᓅ$456⊤89ᑡ;<Ḅ
=$

25A.?@ABᐭDE⏚#2Fe+6H+—2Fe3++3H2NB.?PឋRᓄ@TUV⏚Fe3O4+8H+=3Fe3++4H2OC.?\ᓄ]@T^_D`⏚aᔠFe2++4H++NO3--Fe3++2H2O+NOND.?efBFe?+T^#2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+ᑖ᪆Aஹ@_kRᓄឋḄ⏚;

26ூ|⚪íî௃ÂËẚ1ஹ;<ᑺḄ¦Bñò(1)1)NaOHT^_A1C13T^জNaOHT^¦BᑮA1C13T^#Ḅ
;<ᐜ=A13++3OH=Al(OH)3j÷=AKOH)3+OH=A102+2H2OnঝA1C13T^¦BᑮNaOHT^#ᐜ=A13++4OH=A10+2H2O,÷=A13++3A1O-22+6H2OMAI(OH)3J.2)V⏚_NaAIChT^জV⏚¦BᑮNaAlO2T^#Ḅ
;<ᐜ=A1O2+H++H2O=A1(OH)3J÷=Al(OH)3+3H+=Al3++3H2OnঝùNaAIChT^¦BᑮV⏚T^#ᐜ=A1O+4H+=A13++2H2O,÷=A13++3A1O22+6H2OMAI(OH)3J.3)ú¬_AgNO3T^জú¬¦ûüýIJAgNO3T^#ᐜ=Ag++NH3H2O=AgOHJ+NH+4,÷=AgOH+2NH3«H2O=[Ag(NH3)21++0H+2H2O,ঝùAgNO3T^¦Bᑮú¬#Ag++2NH3H2O=[Ag(NH3)2§+2H2O.(2)%1)NaHSCUT^_Ba(OH)2T^জᔣNaHSCMT^#⌲¦BᐭBa(OH)2T^ý#ឋ|᪆åNaHSO4=%ᐗµ⏚Ḅ⏚Vᦑᐰᵯ.ᕈឋᐸḄᓄ2NaHSO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSCMJ+Na2so4+2H2O,ᐸ2H++SO2-+Ba2++2OH=BaSC>4J+2H2O4ঝᙠឋ!Ba(OH)2"᪆$ᙠজ&ᙠḄ'(ᨵNa2so4,!Ba(OH)2ḄSO?+Ba2+=BaSO44zঞᔣNaHSCU⌲!ᐭBa(OH)2.SO42-ា12ᐰ45"᪆SCU26ា12ᐰ45ᑣBa(OH)2ḄBa?+9SO426ា1ᢥ11;H+90<Ḅ=>11,$Ḅ'NaOH.ᐸH++SO42-+Ba2++OH-=BaS04J+H2OটᔣBa(OH)2⌲!ᐭNaHSCU@.AB"᪆ᔣBa(0H)2⌲!ᐭNaHSCU@.ABSC^69Ba?+Ḅ=C11H+901Ḅ=C22.ᐸ2H++SO42-+Ba2++2OH=BaSCUJ+2H2O2)Ba(OH)2DNaHCO3ঠᔣBa(OH)2⌲!ᐭABḄNaHC03"᪆FGHI2moiOH9ABḄHC036;JᡂḄCC^6L9ImolBa?+Mᔠ.Ba2++2OH-+2HCO3-=BaC03j+2H20+83263)Ca(OH)2DNaHC03জOBḄCa(OH)2DPBḄNaHC03Qᔠ(ᔣNaHCO3ᐭCa(OH)2)2OH+Ca2++2HCO3'=CaCO3+CO32-+2H2OSঝPBḄCa(OH)2DOBḄNaHCO3Qᔠ(ᔣCa(OH)2ᐭNaHCC>3)OH-+Ca2++HCO3-=CaC03J+H2OS

27ঞOBḄCa(HCO3)2DPBḄNaOHQᔠ(ᔣNaOHᐭCa(HCO3)2):Ca2++2HCO3'+2OH'=CaCO3J+CO32+2H2OSটᔣBa(OH)2⌲!ᐭKAI(SO4)2.Ba?+ា12ᐰ45Sᙠ!KAI(SO4)2FhḄ"᪆$HI2moiBa(OH)2D1molKAI(SO4)2ᐸA13++2SO42'+2Ba2++4OH6=2BaSO4J+AIO2+2H2Oᙠ!KAI(S04)2AN+DA1026oJpq"ᐸA13++3A1O2+6H2O=4A1(OH)3JঠᔣKAI(SO4)2⌲!ᐭBa(OH)2@.ḄSO426ា12ᐰ45S45Ḅᱥ'ḄBtᑮᨬᜧḄ"᪆$HIImolKAl(S04)2D2moiBa(OH)2ᐸA13++2SO42'+2Ba2++4OH-=2BaSO4J+AIO2+2H2O45Ḅᱥ'ḄBtᑮᨬᜧHI2moiKAI(SO4)2D3moiBa(OH)2ᐸ2A13++3SO42'+3Ba2++6OH'=3BaSO4sk+2Al(OH)3J2ஹ{ᑺḄᵨBS᝞CO2ᑖ"OB""AB"ᐭᑮNaOHஹNaAlChஹNaSiO3>Ca(CIO)2ḄoJḄḄ.OBCO29ᔜḄᑖCO2+2OH=H2O+CO32-SCO2+2AIO2+3H2O=2A1(OH)3J+CO32-SCO2+SiO32'+H2OH2SQ3J+CO32-SC02+Ca2++2C10'+H2O=CaCO3J+2HC10.ABḄC029ᔜḄᑖC02+0H=HC03-SCO2+AIO2+2H2O=A1(OH)3U+HCO3;2CO2+SiO32-+2H2O=H2SiO3j+2HCO36;CO2+CIO+H2O=HCO3-+HC10.“OB""AB”ḄC02ᐭᙳJᡂNaHC03(C⏚Dᐳ&)ᐸCO2+H2O+f+HCO33ஹᓄḄ¡9{ᑺᵨBḄᐵ£᝞OBC12ᐭFebឋ§ḄI6ᐜDC1221+C12-2C1+I2.$©ᐭC12ᑮAB,C12LDFe?+:2Fe2++Ch=2Cr+2Fe3+.¬PBḄCI2ᐭFebḄ®ὅḄ!D2Fe2++4I*+3C1=2Fe3++6C±+᝞S2²᝞OBNa2s!ᑮFeC13ᐹᨵᓄឋḄFe3+ABḄ2Fe3++S2-=Ssk+2Fe2+SOBFeC13!ᑮNa2sᐹᨵឋḄS?-ABḄ3s2-+2Fe3+=2FeSJ+SJ.4ஹ⌕µᑏ·!Ḅ=¸¹ᦪ᝞Ba(OH)2DH2so4Qᔠ,SC^69Ba?+Ḅ=C11Hᓱ90HḄ=C22.ᐸ2H++SO42-+Ba2++2OH-=BaSO4j+2H2O,ᑗ¾ᑏᡂH++SO42+Ba2++OH=BaS04J+H2O,¿ÀÁ┯Ã.

28L᝞Ba(OH)2DCuSO4QᔠÄÅḄBa2++2OH-+CU2++SO42'=BaSO4sk+Cu(OH)24ᑗ¾ᑏᡂSO?+Ba2+=BaSO4^i^^¿ÀÁ┯Ã.2.ÆÇ!ÈÉÊᦪூÌÍÎḄÏÍ௃1ஹÆÇÑÈÉÊᦪ(1)ᭆÓÆÇ!ÈÉÊᦪḄÔÕ¸ᢣ0.012kgi2cᡠØḄᦪÙC6.02X1()23,ÚÛCNA.⊤ÝImolÞßàḄᦪá.(2)ᓫãmol1.2ஹÆÇ!ÈÉÊᦪ¾ᵨäåæçèéêᑮáëCìéê=íîÅḄᦪï6.0221367X1()23-1.molூð⚪ᔣ௃òὃÎô⌕ὃõÆÇÑÈÉÊᦪḄᭆÓஹÚÛ¹ᦪ¸ஹᓫã◤⌕÷Îøù.⚪ú6ÆÇÑÈÉÊᦪḄᭆÓᐺü1:ýᑡÿ
Ḅ()A.1molᱥᨵ6.02X1()23B.0.012kgi2cᨵ6.02X1()23C.⏚Ḅ᥅98gD.ImolḄ!"22.4Lᑖ᪆%AஹᱥᨵḄᓫᑖᨵḄ(ᑖ)ᑖ*ᓄᔠᱥ-.Bஹ/012345ᦪḄᭆ8ᑖ᪆ᑨ:.Cஹ᥅ᓫ;ᱥḄḄᱥḄ.Dஹ᥅!<"22.4L/mol.=>%Aஹ᪀ᡂᱥḄAB%AஹlL0.1mol•LlḄFeC13jklᨵjvᓄw0.1mol,w*xᑖu=jklᨵḄw*O.lmol,Fe3+ḄᦪZO.lnA,ᦑA┯H.BஹImol{lᨵ3moi|}oᨵN-HoḄᦪZ"3nA,ᦑB
.

29Cஹ7.8g~ᓄḄᱥḄ"0.1mol,Mmol~ᓄlᨵ0.2mol*ᨵḄ□*ᦪZ"0.2nA,ᦑC┯H.Dஹ᪗tu<⚪lᩩYi`a22.4LuḄᱥḄᦑD┯H.ᦑ⌱B.MN%O⚪ὃR12e45ᦪḄᨵᐵ`aᑨ:⚪Zl-᪗tḄ᥅!ḄᵨᩩY.ூ=⚪¡M¢௃12345ᦪḄ¤¥⚪¦⚗%1¨ᱥḄs᝱ᔲ".2¨ªᩩYᔲ"᪗t.3¨C;¬Ḅ®.4¨¯⌮±Tᡈ᧕u=´l*ᦪZḄᑨ:.5¨ᱥḄ¶᪀%᝞Na2O2ᵫNa+02?D᪀ᡂ,½<ᨵNa.02D᪀ᡂ;SiO2ஹSiCᨔᐸ¶᪀lÂᨵÃᨵᑖSiO2
Ä☢¶᪀ImolSiChlᨵḄᐳÉo"4NA,lmolP4ᨵḄᐳÉo"6NA-.3.ᓄ̱TḄᵯÎÏᦪZ`aூÐÑMḄÒÑ௃Dஹᓄ̱TḄ`a%1¨Ó[ᐺ^Ḅ`aᨵ%ÔᓄᑺஹÌᑺᱥḄÖÓᡈÓ`a×e±TḄᓄᑺᡈÌᑺḄE±TØÙÚDᐗ¬ḄÉ᝱Üᓄ-.2¨`aḄ/0%ᓄᑺÝᵯᦪ-ÌᑺᜫᵯᦪᑡßàឤᐵâãÔ=._ஹᓄ̱TḄäOJå%1.àឤJåᓄ̱TlᨵᱥᜫᵯæᨵᱥÝᵯçᜫᵯèᦪ-Ýᵯèᦪ.ᡈὅhᓄ̱Tlᨵᐗ¬ᓄᔠÉᓣëæᨵᐗ¬ᓄᔠÉìíçᓄᔠÉᓣëèᦪæ-ìíèᦪ.ᨵᐵÝᜫᵯàឤᓄᔠÉàឤ¨ḄJåᨵ᝞Tᵨ%1¨ÔÚD±TlîᓄïîÌḄᐗ¬ᦪÖÓᡈÔᓄᑺïÌᑺḄᱥḄÖÓðᓄñᱥïÌñᱥḄᱥḄÖÓ.2¨òóᓄ̱Tôõã.3¨ö÷ᨵᐵᓄ̱TḄ`a%2.øùJå[øᓄឋḄᓄᑺû[øÌឋḄÌᑺ±TüᡂùÌឋḄÌñᱥùᓄឋḄᓄñᱥ.Tᵨ%ᙠ〉ÿᩩ
ᵨᓄឋḄᱥᑴᜓᓄឋḄᱥᡈᵨឋḄᱥᑴᜓឋḄᱥᵨᱥᓄឋᡈឋḄ.3.᝱ᐗᜐᨬ#$ᨵᓄឋ&ᐗᜐᨬ'$ᨵឋ&ᐗᜐ(᝱)ᨵᓄឋ*ᨵឋ+,⌕⊤/01ឋ.ᱥ23ᨵ41ᐗᐸឋ678ᐗឋḄ9ᔠ;/.4.=ᓄᓄ>?(@ᐗAB᝱CḄ=ᓄᨬD᧕&FG᝱ḄG1ᐗCHI>?ᐗḄᓄᔠ$☠KFLM&AB᝱ḄG1ᐗCFHIᓄ>?.5.O᧕

30P᧕ᜫRᵯTḄᱥᜫRUVPOWᑮᵯT&P᧕WᑮᵯTḄᱥWᑮUVPOᜫRᵯT.01ᓄᑺGZ[\1ᑺA⍗ZឋᨬḄ^ᐜHI>?&Gᳮ01ᑺGZa41ᓄᑺA⍗ZᓄឋᨬḄ^ᐜHI>?.ூc⚪eᔣ௃⚪hiᓄ>?ᵯT=jᦪlḄmniᐺp1ᙠᑡ>?st(ᨵ3molᵯT=jḄ6uvA.Imolwax>?B.27gyaz{|⏚>?C.22.4L~u᪗vaz{╅>?D.1.5moiNa2O2az{x>?ᑖ᪆iAஹw[x>?Iᡂᓄw[x&Bஹy[|⏚>?Iᡂᓄy[~&Cஹ╅ᙠ~(Iᡂᓄ╅&DஹNa2O2az{x>?Iᡂᓄw[~.iAஹ2Na+2H20—2NaOH+H2>?=j2moiᵯTImolwax>?=jImolᵯTᦑA┯&Bஹ27g
Imolyᐰ=ᓄ=j3moiᵯTᦑB&Cஹ22.4L
Imol~ᐰ=ᓄ-2=j4moiᵯTᦑC┯&Dஹ2Na2O2+2H2O—4NaOH+O2>?=j2moiᵯT1.5molNa2O2az{x>?=j1.5molᵯTᦑD┯.ᦑ⌱B.i⚪ὃ¡Iᓄ>?(ḄᵯT=j¢@᪷¤ᡠ¡¦§¨©ªO«Fᜧ.ூ⚪®¯௃ᵯT=jᦪlmn°±iজ᪗³HI´ᓄḄᐗḄᓄᔠ.ঝ¶ᓄᔠᓣ#Ḅᐗu¸¹i᝞»ᓄᔠ¼'Ḅᐗ$ᨵ01Vᵨᓄᔠ¼'Ḅᐗ¨©mnv.½ᓣ#ᡈ¼'ḄᐗF¾01Z◤⌕᪷¤FGᐗḄTᦪÀᓄᔠ´ᓄḄᦪÁ¨©ÂÃ.ঝᓄᔠᓣ#Äᦪmniᓄᔠ´ᓄᦪÅ@Tᦪ.4.ᓄ¡etÆḄᨵᐵmnூ¦§Ḅȧ௃ᓄ¡ÉᵨmneÊi,⌕ᨵiË{ÊஹᓝÍLMÊஹÎᙳÊஹÐឤÊஹ᩽ÁÊஹᐵÓÆÊÔ.0ஹË{Êᙠ0Õ{ÖᑺḄ⛳[ÖØ(ᵫÚ«ᦋ´uᓣ#ᡈ¼'vÜÖḄÖ«HI´ᓄ,Þß⌼ᡂÖuᡈ⛳[ÖØv{ḄË{&áᱥᙳᨵâÕḄᓄ¡ãᡂä¹åᱥḄᱥᳮ{CᙳæᙠË{&G᪵ᙠ0èé;Ó(¨©Ḅᓄ¡>?êë>?ìU{Ðឤ,+ᱥḄ{ஹâØ~ᔜ᝱ᱥ{ஹ~;;îÔïHI´ᓄðᡂË{.Ë{ÊV6᪷¤78Ë{Áᑡ³pÆᩭòḄ01ᓄ¡mneÊ.ÉóḄôhᨵiÖ«ËஹãᡂËஹ{Ëஹ;îËஹᱥḄ{ËÔ.ᙠõᵨZ⌕¸¹ᱥḄ᝱AAGË{ᱥḄᱥᳮ{ᓫ÷⌕0ø.ùஹᓝÍLMÊúûᑡ³0ùᐗ0üetãᩭòḄc⚪ᓽùãᑖḄÎᙳÁᙳᵨᓝÍLMÊþÊÿ◀ᓄᩭᜧḄ.

31ᓝḄ⊤᝞!"AஹB⊤$ᓝḄ%&ᑖ()⊤$%&ᑖ(*ᡂḄ,ᙳ(XA^XBᑖ.⊤$A/Bᓰ,ᙳ(Ḅ1ᑖᦪ3XA+XB=1,ᑣᨵ!AXA+BXB=ABXA+XB,ᓄ789:2xA-ABB;ஹ,ᙳ<=>ᨵ,ᙳ>?Ḅ@(ᡈB@(C⚪ᑭᵨ,ᙳGᳮIJᢈLឋNḕPQᩖḄSTᙢVWᑨYLᝯᙢ8W[ᫀ<]^_⚪`aᜧᨵbᜐ.,ᙳd▭fg<ᓝᡠ>GᳮḄiJjᵨ._⚪k.lmᓝnᔠpᵨᑮT_*rḄ.Gᳮ᝞!—x**A+xn*B——sA>B,3tᔠ-----!_=AXA%+BXB%,ᑣvᨵA>AB>B,ᐸxABgAஹxA+xBBḄyz,ᙳ{ᡈXAஹXBᑖ.gAஹBḄ|ᦪ.}ஹ~ឤzxᙠJᑡ~ឤ᝞!(~ឤ>G~ឤஹᐗ~ឤஹᵯ₹~ឤஹᵯ8ᜫ~ឤஹ`(~ឤᑭᵨI~ឤᐵ_⚪Ḅ~ឤ.ᵯ₹~ឤᓽ(N`⌕ÔÕsÖjxÙÕÚ.<=ÐjzÛÜsÖᓄzÚÝWÞßᱥmᨬàᱥḄ(Ḅᐵáܲᑡâãi¬ä_å"ᐵ”.ᑭᵨᐵN⁚ḕçv⌕ḄxÙjèéê┯ìá`STíÀᙢî8nï.ᵨᐵ_⚪ḄᐵðgñòᐵñòᐵḄó⌕ᨵ!1ஹᑭᵨôõ~ឤᐵñòᐵ2,ᑭᵨÚxḄᓄ(ᦪÙḄᐵñòᐵ3ஹᑭᵨÚḄᔠñòᐵ.ூ÷⚪ᔣ௃⚪úJ!û(ᐺã1ý10.0gþ⏚
⏚ḄᔠᱥᙠᓄᒕḄ8.45g,ᔠᱥ⏚Ḅᑖᦪ.ᑖ᪆⏚
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(ᑭᵨ+,᪷.2NaHCO3Na2cO3+CO2/+H2O01⏚Ḅ2301⏚Ḅᑖᦪ.

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(6#782NaHCO3@Na2co3+CO2/+H2O,ᑣFGḄHIJᵫL⏚ᑖḄMᦑ,Oᔠᱥ⏚Ḅm,ᑭᵨ+,01,ᑣ2NaHC0?=^=JMa2cO3+CO2/+H204m2X84g62gm10.0g-8.45g=1.55g2X84gX1.55gm=62gᡠ`ᔠᱥ⏚Ḅ10.0g-4.2g=5.8g,ᔠᱥ⏚Ḅᑖᦪ8g100%=58%.10.0g5ᔠᱥ⏚Ḅᑖᦪ58%.bcd⚪ὃgᔠᱥḄ01⚪hijᜧlm᪷.⏚!"Ḅឋᑭᵨ+,01.⚪o&ᓝqrs,ᐺu2vwxyC2H4z02ᔠ{Ḅ|jJH2Ḅ14.5}~ᐸḄᑖᦪA.25.0%B.27.6%C.72.4%D.75.0%283\/29/\ᑖ᪆ᵫ321,ᓝqrsyᱥḄ31,.5.283\/29/\5ᵫ321,ᓝqrsyᱥḄ31,ᑣḄᑖᦪ——3X28——X100%72.4%ᦑ⌱C.3X28+1X32bcd⚪⌕ὃᓝqrs,Ḅ8ᵨᓝqrs,ᯠ01ᩭᜧḄJḄ⌕lm〉ᵨᔠ᝞¢£¤¥¦§¨J©ᵨª«,⚪.⚪o¬ᙳ,ᐺu310g¯ᨵᩖḄCaCO3
²Ḅ³⏚78´#CChO.lmoLᑣ᪵¹~¯ᨵḄᩖJA.KHCO3
MgCO3B.MgCCh
SiO2c.K2cO3
SiChD.½,¾"ᑖ᪆ᵫ"10g¯ᨵᩖḄCaCO3
²Ḅ³⏚78´#CO20.1mol"y᪵¹ḄᙳÀÁᑖÂJ100⏚┛J100,ᑣ᪵¹ÄÅḄÀÁᑖÂ100ᜧÆÄÅ100G&'ᓄấz³⏚78ÈÀÁᑖÂ⏚┛ᜧ.

335ᵫ"10g¯ᨵᩖḄCaC03
²Ḅ³⏚78´#CChO.lmol"y᪵¹ᱥḄᙳÀÁᑖÂJ100,A.KHCO3ḄÀÁᑖÂ100,MgCO3ḄÀÁᑖÂ84,ᑣᙳÉ~100,ᦑA┯ËÌB.MgCO3ḄÀÁᑖÂ84,SiO2z³⏚78ÈÀÁᑖÂ⏚┛ᜧᑣᙳÉ~100,ᦑB;ÌC.K2c03ḄÀÁᑖÂ138,SiO2z³⏚78ÈÀÁᑖÂ⏚┛ᜧᑣᙳÉ~100,ᦑC┯ËÌD.ᵫB~~`ᑨÏᔠᱥḄ~ឋᦑD┯Ë.ᦑ⌱B.bcd⚪ὃgᔠᱥḄ01⚪hijᜧlmᵨᙳÉḄ,2ÐÑ
ᑨÏ.⚪oÒÓឤᡈᐗ×Óឤᐺu4ᔣÄ"ḄFeஹFeOஹFe2O3Ḅᔠᱥᐭ100mlÚjImol/LḄÛ⏚ា¥ÝᔠᱥÞᐰàá᪗ãä224mlḄ{.ᡠyàåᐭKSCNàåæ½⊈è⁐ê.ëᵨ²ḄH2ᙠìíä¨HÀîḄᔠᱥyᑮðḄJ()ᑖ᪆Û⏚ា¥ÝᔠᱥÞᐰàÛ⏚óᨵᒕᔣ78ᡠyàåKSCNàå½⊈è⁐êôõàåFeSCUàå᪷.Û⏚᪷Óឤ~n(FeSCU)=n(H2so4)Ìᵨ²ḄH2ᙠìíä¨HÀîḄᔠᱥyᑮð᪷.ðᐗ×Óឤ~n(Fe)=n(FeSCM),.öᔠm=nM01yᑮḄðḄ.5Û⏚ា¥ÝᔠᱥÞᐰàÛ⏚óᨵᒕᔣ78ᡠyàåKSCNàå½⊈è⁐êôõàåFeSCMàå᪷.Û⏚᪷Óឤ~n(FeSCU)=n(H2SO4)=0.1LX1mol/L=0.1molÌᵨ²ḄH2ᙠìíä¨HÀîḄᔠᱥyᑮð,᪷.ðᐗ×Óឤ~n(Fe)=n(FeSO4)=0.1mol,ᦑyᑮFeḄ0.1molX56g/mol=5.6g,ᦑ⌱B.bcd⚪ὃgᔠᱥḄ01ij÷ᑭᵨᐗ×ÓឤᑨÏðḄᱥḄJ⚪ᐵùlmÓឤúûḄüᵨ.⚪oýᵯ₹ឤᐺ58gFe2O3ᢗᐭ150mLḄ⏚ᢗᐭ7gᦈᑮ1.68LH2(᪗)FeFe2O3ᙳ!ᒕ#$%&'Ḅ⏚()*+ᐗ-.ᐰ01ᐳ3ὑ4moi1/1ḄNaOH*+150mL.ᑣ6⏚Ḅᱥ8Ḅ'$()A.1.5mol*L'B.0.5mol»L'C.2mol»LID.1.2mol»L1ᑖ᪆FeFe2O3ᙳ!ᒕ#<⏚&'=ᐭ>?ᓄA*+)*+ᐗ-.ᐰ01ᨬC*+Ḅ*8DNa2so4,ᵫAFGឤHIn(NaOH)=ln(Na2so4),ᵫ⏚᪷2ឤHIn(Na2so4)=n(H2SO4),᪷Kc=1LM.VOPFeFe2O3ᙳ!ᒕ#<⏚&'=ᐭ>?ᓄA*+)*+ᐗ-.ᐰ01ᨬC*+Ḅ*8DNa2so4,ᵫAFGឤHIn(NaOH)=Li(Na2so4)=0.15LX4mol/L=0.6mol,ᦑn(Na2so4)2=0.3mol.

34ᵫ⏚᪷ឤHIn(H2SO4)=n(Na2SO4)=0.3mol,R!Jc(H2SO4)=°31noi=2molL0.15Lᦑ⌱C.UVW⚪ὃZᱥ8Ḅ'LMஹᓄ\]^_ᨵᐵLMbcdeḄfgDᐵhijᑭᵨឤmnopLMqrsO⚪]tu\emvwxḄὃZyz.⚪{|ஹ}ᜫᵯGឤᐺ6'ᢗᐭᑮ500mLḄ⏚ា.ᐰfgᙠ᪗eNO11.2L,ᡠ}*+Fe2+Fe3+Ḅ$12,ᑣ⏚*+Ḅᱥ8Ḅ'$()A.lmol*L'B.2mol*L'C.3mol»L]D.4mol»L1ᑖ᪆u⏚fgᡠ}*+Fe2+Fe3+Ḅ$12,ᑣFeu⏚.ᐰfgὅᨵᒕ#᪷KᵯGឤLMn(Fe2+).(Fe3+),ᵫN6GឤHIn(HNO3)=2n(Fe2+)+3(Fe3+)+n(NO),ᔠc=-LM.VOPn(NO)=_IL2L_^0.5mol,22.4L/molu⏚fgᡠ}*+Fe2+Fe3+Ḅ$12,ᑣFeu⏚.ᐰfgὅᨵᒕ#n(Fe2+)=ymoRᑣn(Fe")=2ymol,᪷KᵯGឤᑣ:ymolX2+2ymolX3=0.5molX(5-2)O}y-mol16RJn(Fe")=2yX2=-^JHO1168ᵫN6GឤHIn(HNO3)=2n(Fe2+)+3(Fe3+)+n(NO)=^-molX2+^.molX1683+0.5mol=2mol,ᦑ6⏚Ḅ-2molMmol/L,0.5Lᦑ⌱D.UVW⚪ὃZ?ᓄ6fgḄLMᳮO6Gឤஹ}ᜫᵯGឤDOPW⚪ḄᐵhqrO⚪]tᢈḄὃZ⚪¡yz.⚪{¢᩽¤tᐺ7¥I¦s6G8'Li$6.9§Na$23§K$39§Rb$85.¨ᨵ©ª«R¬ᐸ?ᓄᱥR2OḄ®ᔠᱥ10.8g,=¯'Ḅ°ᐙᑖfg²*+³´dஹµ¶}16g·.¸³LM¹Dº»ª«.ᑖ᪆W⚪H¼ᵨ᩽¤topO⚪Ꮇ¾®ᔠᱥᐰD©ª«ᐰD©ª«?ᓄᱥ¿»Àopᑖ᪆.OP¾RḄ¦s6G8'$M,(1)Ꮇ¾®ᔠᱥᐰD©ª«ᑣᨵ2R+2H2O=2ROH+H2Á2M2(M+17)10.8g16g

35O}:M=35.5(2)Ꮇ¾®ᔠᱥᐰD©ª«?ᓄᱥᑣᨵR2O+H2O=2ROH2M+162(R+17)10.8g16gO}M=10.7Â10.7VMV35.5ᡠ骫R$A.UVW⚪Ä⌕ὃÆ᩽¤tḄgᵨÇ&᩽¤tHÃ}Èᨬᜧ¤ᨬʤË<}ÈPᫀyÍᜧ.ூO⚪mÏUÐ௃ᓄ\LM]tÒÓᐵhDO⚪w⌱ÈាÔḄ]topO⚪.5.ÕḄr⌕ឋ8ூI×UḄØ×௃1ஹᑖᦣÚḄᭆÜ»ᡈÞ»ᱥ8ᑖᦣᙠß»à8ᡠáᡂḄÚã$ᑖᦣÚ.ᑖᦣÚᑖᦣᡂäGḄᱥ8åæᑖᦣ8ß»ᱥ8åæᑖᦣᑺ.ᙠ°*+*8Dᑖᦣ8°Dᑖᦣᑺ.*8ᙠ°*+ÃᑖGᡈFG᝱éᙠ.ᑖᦣÚᒹë*+ஹÕஹìí+ஹîí+.2ஹᔜ»ᑖᦣÚḄðᑖᦣᑖᦣ8ᑖᦣ8ñòÄ⌕ᱯôõÚ100nm(%ᐝḄ+ᨵ4+())7᝘⁐:;2ᔠ563ஹḄឋ>?@ᵨB(1)ᦔDBᵫFGHᙠ1I100nmJKLMᐝNOᦣQRSMTGQḄᐝᙠUVWXᐝY.(2)[ᨽ]^Bজ`BᙠabcᑣḄ]^.ঝᑖf"gᔣijklmKᙠngᔣoḄpqnḄ.(3)ᵯsBজ`Bᙠ᜜uᵯvḄ@ᵨwᙠᑖᦣᑺyᔣᵯ᩽@ᔣ{^Ḅ.ঝ|}BᐹᨵᜧḄ⊤☢ᔾ▬kᵯ₹.cᑣ⊤B?ᨵnᓄᐗḄᐜᔾ▬.SAglAgNO3?KIDOᡂAgl
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34567ᵨᓄᩭ⊤;.=>ᓄ?ᦋᑏᡂCU2++SO42'+Ba2++2C1-=CU2++2C1-+BaSCUJঞᑤᑤGHIJKLḄ(.MNBa2++SO42=BaSO4z4টRSR(.HIᔜᐗVḄW.XᦪZᵯ₹\ᦪ]ᔲ_6.ᱯab⏨de(.Ḅfᑏ┯h1Jijkl⊤m6HIW.Jnឤᡈᵯ₹ᦪJnឤ.᝞Fe3++Cu=Cu2++Fe2+tNa+H20=Na++0Hk+H2X2xᦋḄJᦋᡈJxᦋḄᦋy.᝞Na2O$%O2tH2O=2OH-tᜧᳮ|Z}~⏚CO32-+2H+=CO2X+H20t⏚╄ᐳCH3coONH4+OH-=CH3co0k+NH3X+H2OtCH3cHO+2[AgNH32]OH^CH3COO+NH4++2Ag4z+3NH3+HO23J_Mᔠ.᝞ᱏ$}HC12Fe+6H+=2Fe3++3H2Xtᩩ$}HN032AI+6H+=2A13++3H2X4J](.Ḅᑏ(..(.ᙠ%ᡈᰚ¡᝱£0ᔲᑣ¥J¦ᑏ(..᝞§¨⏚©~ᐳᑴHC1t§¨⏚CuᐳᑴS02;¬ᑴCH4ZNH36®¯(..

46(5)°ᵨXஹ4ஹkஹMN.᝞FeC13Ḅ%±Fe3++3H2O=Fe(OH)3J+3H+F2²ᐭ%2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2X(F2]45)tNa2c03Ḅ%±CO32+H2O=HCO3+0Hx¶ᵨᐵ)(6)¸¹%±ᡈᵯ(Ḅk¹ºᡂᡈ%±ᵯ(ᑖJ¼½.᝞Na2s$%S2+2H2O-H2S+2OH-tH2s$%:H2S^2H++S2'.(7)¿ᑏkÀÁᱥ.᝞CuS04Ba(0H)2ÂᔠBa2++SO42'=BaS04xl/tBa(OH)2ÃL}H2SO4H++0H=H20.(8)ÄÅÆÇᡈJÆÇ.᝞Ba(OH)2JÈÃL}H2so4Ba2++H++OH+SO42-=BaSO4xk+H2OAh(S04)3LÉ%2Al3++6NH3H2O=2Al(OH)3J+6NH4+.ூË⚪ᔣ௃⚪Ïk(.ḄᩩÐᐺÒ1(2014•ÔÕÖ×Ø)£ᑡÚᓄ¦ÛmḄ]()জÜᑖ±ÝÞᨵᡂ%0àÞᨵᡂáâZ45tঝHÀãᓄᱥᨵ45ᡂtঞHÀ⏚Ḅᐙᑖåᕈឋtটè⏚~ᡂé⏚.A.êᨵজঞB.êᨵঝটC.êᨵজঝটD.জঝঞটᑖ᪆জÜᑖ±ḄᩩÐ]ᡂ1ᱥஹ1ᵯ(ᱥZ᧕ᢵឋᱥ*tঝíãᓄî×ãᓄïᡂã4tঞð¨⏚ñ¨⏚ាóºᐰ0ᡠöᕈឋtটè⏚~MᔠÜᑖ±ḄᩩÐ?
ᡂé⏚.±÷জ⏚î~⏚ᡂ⏚Zøᓄî0ÝÞᨵᡂ%0àÞᨵᡂáâZ450ᦑজúûtঝíãᓄî×ãᓄïᡂã40ᦑঝúûtঞð¨⏚ñ¨⏚ាóºᐰ0ᡠöᕈឋ0ᦑঞúûtটè⏚~MᔠÜᑖ±ḄᩩÐ?
ᡂé⏚0᝞ð¨⏚¨⏚üᡂ¨ᓄüáâ¨⏚0ᦑটúûtᦑ¦ÛmḄ]জঝঞট0ᦑ⌱D.þÿ
⚪ὃ⏚ஹஹஹᓄᱥ
ᭆᓄ◤⌕ᐗᓄᔠᱥ!"#ᐰ☢.⚪'()*+,ᐜ./0Ḅᑨ3ᐺ52(2012•8□:;)B^1NH4++A1O2'+2H2O=A1(OH)3j+NH3H2O,ᔣ>ᨵᱥ@ḄAḄNH4+ஹAl3\H+BᔠCD᠒᠒FGNaOHCDHIJAKLM)*+,K+,Ḅᐜ./0NOḄP()জH++OH-=H2OঝAl(OH)3+OH=AlO2+2H2O(3)A13++3OH=A1(OH)3JটNH4++OH-=NH3H2O.A.জUটUঞUঝB.জUঞUঝUটC.জUঞUটUঝD.জUঝUঞUটᑖ᪆Y᪷)*ᐜ[Y)*+,\[])*+,ᯠ.[_᪷)*+,ᨬ.[Al(OH)3+,.ab:Y᪷)*ᐜ[Y)*+,জH++OH=H2O,\[])*+,ঞA|3++3OH=A1(OH)34\[_᪷)*+,টNH4++OFT=NH3*H2O,ᨬ.[Al(OH)3+,ঝAl(OH)3+OH=A1O2+2H2O.ᦑ⌱C.

47fg
⚪ὃ)*+,KḄ/0hiᐜ[])*+,\[_᪷+,ᨬ.[AlOH
3+,.ூa⚪klfm௃)*+,Ḅᑨ3op)*+,ᢣᨵ)*rGḄᓄ+,.)*+,Ḅ
@Pst)*uKᦋwxy)*+,zᙠ|CD}~.᪷+,ᳮ)*+,ᑖᑖaஹ|aஹᓄஹᔠ4'᪷rG+,Ḅᑖ)*ஹ)*[ᑖ*ஹ)*[*Ḅ+,.᩽uḄᵯa@᝱ᱥ@+,,᪷+,Ḅ
@ᩭOPᔲ)*+,5᝞:u⏚+,⊤ḄP⏚ᑖ*Ḅᓄឋᦑ)*+,u⏚¡⏚¢+,£▭¥PY)*¡⏚᪷)*Ḅ¦ᵨ)*+,.¨᜜)*ᓄᔠᱥᙠᰚ«¬᝱K)*+,.9.xy)*Ḅ®¯opூ!fḄ°!௃xy□)*±▢)*Ḅ®¯op:□)®¯³ᑺ£¯µ)*o¶·*জ¸⁐º»³Dজº»³DwÄ⁐ঝ¼⁐ᵬ¼H+ঝᵬ¼³DwÄ⁐Zn+2H+=Zn2++H2³DঞᨵÅÆḄÇÈঞ¾ᱏÀᡈÂᱏÃK+ᯚ⁐+,¸⁐ÀÊJË⁐ÌÍᴻÃNa+ᯚ⁐+,Ï⁐GÐÈᨵÑÒឋÇᕡஹÔNaOHCDNH4+ÕÖÄ⁐º»³×wË⁐ḄÇNH4++OH.=NH3+H2OÀuÃজᡂÜ⁐ÝÞßàwᮞজFc2++2OH=Fe(OH)2JজNaOHCDâ⁐ᨬ.wᡂÄ⋎⁐4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)Fe2+ঝØᑴḄÚ|ঝFGØᑴḄÚ|CDᵫå3+KSCNCDâ⁐wÏ⁐\FGKSCNঝ2Fe?++C12=2Fe3++2Cl-CDCDᕈÄ⁐Fe3++3SCN=Fe(SCN)3জNaOHCDজᡂÄ⋎⁐ÝÞজFc3++3OH=Fe(OH)3JFe3+ঝKSCNCDঝᡂÄ⁐CD(2)Fe3++3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3জCu2++2OH=Cu(OH)2JCu(OH)2CUO+H2OজᡂË⁐è¬ÝÞGÐ.ঝCU2++2NH3H2O=জNaOHCDwᡂé⁐Cu2+Cu(OH)2J+2NH4+ঝuç|ঝᡂḄË⁐ÝÞCJACu(OH)2+4NH3H2O=uç|ᕈêË⁐CD[Cu(NH3)4]2++2OH+4H2OAg+জ⏚ᡈÚᓄজᡂÜ⁐ÝÞÜ⁐ÝÞজAg++Cë=AgClJ

48ᱥ+îHNO3CîHNO3ঝAg++OH-=AgOHJঝNaOHCDঝᡂÜ⁐ÝÞïßàw2AgOH=Ag2O+H2Oঞç|ðé⁐ঞAg++2NH3H2O=ঞᡂÜ⁐ÝÞJAḄç|AgOHJ+2NH4+ÔÝÞCaAgOH+2NH3»HO=2[Ag(NH3)2]++2H20জÈÜ⁐ÝÞজ“+3NH3H6*|3+জç|ঝÈÜ⁐ñ¬ÝÞJAḄé*)3j+NHঝNaOHCDNaOHCDÔÝÞCaঝAL+30H=A1OH)3JAl(OH)3+OH=A102+2H2OÈÜ⁐è¬ÝÞJAḄ2+ஹMg2+NaOHCDஹᩈஹGô—ö÷Mg2+2OH=Mg(OH)2JNaOHCDÔøÞCa§62+Na2CO3CD+ÈÜ⁐ÝÞÝÞCîCa2++CO2=CaCO3sk3î⏚⏚CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++CO2+H2O▢)?®¯³ᑺ*জý⁐þÿ
জ
⁐0Hঝ⁐
ঝ⁐
⁐ঞᵬ
ঞ⁐ᵬ
⁐CO32(ᐭ⏚*+ᨵ-⁐ஹ-ᕡḄ0CO32⏚(ᡈ⏚ஹ"⏚)ஹ+2H+=CO29+H20123+40156$%ᮞ$%ᮞ'CO2+Ca(OH)'782:CaCChJ+H2OSO42BaC12[ᡈBa(NO3)2=3ᡂ@⁐AB+4ABC=DBa2++SO42-BaSO4s|z
]ஹHN03HNO3AgNCh=
ஹ3ᡂ@⁐AB+FABC=DAg++CG=AgClJ'HN03HN03জ3ᡂO⁐AB+FABজAgNO3=
ஹC=DHN03জAg++Br=AgBr4zBr-HN03ঝ=
ᵫ-⁐Q⁐+(@2Br+C12=Br2+2ClঝIᑴḄK'ஹLKᓄNCC14R₩*+CC14TQ⁐জ3ᡂ⁐AB+FABCজAgNCh=
ஹ=DHN03জAg++G=AgIJ.HN03ঝ=
ᵫ-⁐Q⁐+(1ঝIᑴḄK'ஹLKᓄN(2)21+C12=l2+2C1-CC14R₩*+CCI4TXঞ2G+CC=l2+2ClঞIᑴḄK'ஹBW=
⁐ঞ=
X⁐Z[\ᱥḄ^=
(ᡈᨔ1)CU+4H++2NO3=CU2+NChᨵc⁐0123+H2so4(^)+Cu`ᐳb+2NO29+2H2OsoFde-⁐ᨵfgឋ0ᕡஹ56SO32'.'⏚ᡈ⏚i
j⁐Ḅ01+2H+=SO29+H20ூû⚪oᔣ௃

49⚪lZmnoḄ\p=
ᡂᑖḄrsᐺu1mv2014•ᗩ|}:~-⁐=
ᨵজNa+ஹঝBa?ᓱஹঞCGஹv4Br\ঠSO32ZஹডSO4z-Ḅ+ᑡ+ᡠ(ᑺᙳ¡¢,¤¥ᑮḄ᝞:©ª«v1ᵨpH¯\=
ḄpHᜧD7v2ᔣ=
³(K'+´(ᐭCC14R₩+☟¶CC14Tᕈ⁐v3ᔣᡠ¸'=
(ᐭBavNO32=
¹HNO3ᨵ@⁐AB23v4¡º+ᔣº
(ᐭAgNO3=
¹HNO3ᨵ@⁐AB23ᑡ½¾¿ÀḄÁvA.Â|ᨵḄÁজটঠB.Â|ÄᨵḄÁঝডC.C5À|ḄÁজD.C5À|ḄÁঞঠᑖ᪆m᪷ÈÉ'Êᑖ᪆=
ᕈËឋ+ÁᨵÌ⏚▢+ÎᨵÏ⏚᪷+᪷ÈᐳÐ+ᑨseCÐᙠḄÓ᪷È⃓ÕÀ|ᡠÖÓv3ª«©ḄÎ5×ØÙ5ᨵ⏚᪷Óv4ª«©ḄÚØK+ÛᵫDv2(ᐭÜK+ᡠÝÞ=
ÁᔲKC5À|Óᨬ*᪷Èᵯ₹ãឤÀ|ᵯÊå=
Ḅ□ḄÐᙠ.ÊçmᵫD=
Á-⁐èᔠ=
+ᑣᨵ⁐CÐᙠ+PHì¸=
PHᜧD7,=
ᕈËឋ+×ØZ|ᨵÌ⏚᪷+ᑣᨵSO32,Z|ÄᨵBa2+Ó=
³(K'*⃓Õ+⃓ÕTᕈ⁐ÚØÞ=
টB/Óᑖ
*(ᐭBavNO32=
¹HNO3,ᨵ@⁐AB3ᡂ+×Ø=
Ù5⏚᪷,¡º+ᔣº
(ᐭAgNCh=
¹HNO3,ᨵ@⁐AB3ᡂ+ÚØÁK+Ûv2(ᐭK'(ᐭÜK+C5À|ÁᔲKÓ᪷ÈÝïᑖ᪆=
Z|ᨵSO32-ஹBr',-Ba2ᓱÓÈᵯ₹ãឤ+=
Z|Na+ÓᡠÝ=
Z|ÐᙠḄÁজটঠÓᦑ⌱A.òómô⚪ὃöÜnoḄ\÷ஹ⃓Õª«+ᐳÐḄᑨs+ᵯ₹ãឤḄøᵨùúû+üýᐜÀ|Ðᙠ+´ᔲ|CᐳÐḄ+ô⚪ÿ
.⚪ᔠḄᐺ22013•᧡
!"ᨵH+ஹNH+>Mg2+ஹAl3+>Fe3\CO32\SO424\NO3
Ḅ45.জ78ᐭ:;<=>?⁐?ᕡ?BḄCDEঝ78ᐭNaOH<=>H⁐IJḄIJḄᱥMḄNO8ᐭNaOHḄᱥMḄNPQḄᐵS᝞ᡠV.ᑣXᑡZ[\]Ḅ^_`Jf,.0.10.50.70.8nNaOH
molA.
Ḅ□defᨵH+ஹMg2+ஹAl3+B.
nNH4+=0.2molC.
lm"CO32"!"ᨵSO42oNO3D.q5deḄᱥMḄNPrnH+nAl3+nMg2+=111

50ᑖ᪆78ᐭ:;<=>?⁐?ᕡ?BḄCDH⁐IJḄIJNO8ᐭNaOHḄᱥMḄNPQḄᐵS<
l"ᨵMg2+ஹAl3+wIJᑮᨬᜧ<ᐭvᓄn(NH+).x¦§.4¦§78ᐭ:;<=>?⁐?ᕡ?BḄCDH⁐IJḄIJNO8ᐭNaOHḄᱥMḄNPQḄᐵS<
l"ᨵMg2+ஹAl3+EwIJᑮᨬᜧ<ᐭvᓄḄÐᔠ!ÑÒÓÔÕËḄ⌕×<ᨵᑭÙÚÏ>ḄÛÜÝÞ!ÑoßᦣÝÞ!Ñ<áâᜧ.ூ¦⚪ä[Ãå௃¦de⚪«çèḄéÅêᑣ1ஹëìឋêᑣëìឋêᑣí^ᡃïᑭᵨ⚪ñòóôᑨÓlᨵ
de<«öᓽøᵨùᨵḄÈ<úm!OPᐳḄde᣸◀ᣵ<þÿᑨ
ᨵ.᝞ᑨ
Ag+ᔲᙠᐸ⚪ᨵḄs2-ஹCO32\SO32',SO42ᐳᓽ᣸◀Ag+.2ஹ1ឋ3ᑣ1ឋ3ᑣ5ᙠ16789::⌕<ᐭ>ᑺ@᪵5BC1DḄEF3GHᔲᙠI5JKᑨ
LM9NBᨵOBPḼR8STᡠVWḄXYᡈ[\]^ᨵ_`aḄR8⌼ᡂde.3ஹᵯឋ3ᑣᵯឋ3ᑣ5ᙠghᵯijGH▢ஹ□mᵯ₹ᦪpឤḄᓽGHᕈsᵯឋ.ᙠᑨ
tᔠ\vwOᙠᔲ9ᨵḄxyzSR88{ᡃ}~ᵨGHᵯ₹pឤᳮᩭᑨ
ᐸᙠ.᝞ᑨ
GHᨵA1O2-ஹS2\SO32-▢

51᣸◀Ag+ஹBa2\Fe3+□GH᝞ᨵA102ஹS2\SC^Ḅ᪷ᵯឋ3ᑣᨵ□ᦑᑨ
GHNa+ᙠḄ.10.ᐳ⚪ூḄ௃ஹJ◚ᩩḄᐳ1ஹᵫ¢£W¤ᑖi¦§ᜧ©ᐳ.(1)ᨵ[\VW.᝞Ct/ஹSO32\S2\HCO\HSO\HS®᧕ᢵ£Ḅ±⏚Ḅ⏚᪷33H+ᜧ©ᐳ.(2)ᨵXYWᡂ.᝞Ba2*ஹCa2+®CC^®ᜧ©ᐳµMg2\Fe2+.Ag+.A/ஹZn2+.Cu2+.Fe3+®OH.ᜧ©ᐳµPb?+C1,Fe2+S2Ca2+Ag+Iᜧ©ᐳ.(3)ᨵ±ᵯijWᡂ.᝞OHCH3coOஹPO?\HPO42>H2P஺4ஹFஹC1O\AIO2\SiO\CN\Ci7H35coO'®H+ᜧ©ᐳ;O⏚Ʊ⏚᪷᝞HC03ஹHPO423\HS\H2Po4ஹHSO3OHᜧ©ᐳµNH4+0H-ᜧ©ᐳ.(4)OÇ᧕£WÈiḄᙠGHḄᙠᨵᩩḄ.᝞A10\S2\CO32\C6H5O2®ᙠÊឋᩩËÌᙠGHᙠµ᝞Fe3+ஹAU+®ᙠ⏚ឋᩩËÌᙠGHᙠ.@ÎÏM9ᙠᙠMGHᓽУW"ÒÈi"¦§.᝞3A102+A13++6H2O=4A1(OH)3J®.2ஹᵫ¢£WÕᓄN3¦§ᜧ©ᐳ.(1)ᐹᨵØÙN3ឋḄᐹᨵØÙÕᓄឋḄᜧ©ᐳ.᝞S2-ஹHS\SO2\3ᔆÛFe3+ᜧ©ᐳ.(2)ᙠ⏚ឋᡈÊឋḄÜjᵫ¢£WÕᓄN3¦§]ᜧ©ᐳ.᝞MnO/ஹCrO\27NOa\00$2ஹHS\SO32-HS03ஹIஹFe?+®ᜧ©ᐳµSC^ÛS?ᙠÊឋᩩËßᐳᙠ⏚ឋᩩËᑣᵫ¢£W2S2+SO32+6H+=3S4/+3HO¦§ᐳ2ᙠ.H+S2O32ᜧ©ᐳ.3ஹÈiḄ□àÈiḄ▢ᙠÈGHᜧ©ᐳ(ÒÈi).áâAF+ÛHCO3ஹCO32\HS>S2\AIO2ஹCIO®µFe3+CO32ஹHCOJ\A1O?\CICT®ᜧ©ᐳ.4ஹGH£Wäᔠ¦§Ḅᜧ©ᐳ.᝞Fe2+ஹFe3+SCKᜧ©ᐳµFe3+C6H5஺ᜧ©ᐳ.æஹç◚ᩩḄᐳ1ஹGHJ⁐éê9ᑣGHᨵᨵ⁐,᝞Cë+ஹFe3+>Fe2\MnOj2ஹÙÊឋGHíᙠḄ᝞Fe3+ஹFe2+ஹHCOa\NH4+ஹAl3+3ஹÙ⏚ឋGHíᙠð1¦§Ḅ᝞HC03ஹCO32\S2\CH3COO>AIO2ூñ⚪òᔣ௃⚪ôâJ◚ᩩḄᐳᐺá1â(2014•÷ø)ÈGHᜧ©ᐳḄù()A.Na+ஹCa2+.Cl\SO42B.Fe2+^H+,SO32\CIOC.Mg2+ஹN*Cl\SO42D.K+ஹFe3+>NOs\SCN'

52ᑖ᪆âüÐWᡂ[\ஹXYஹ±ᵯijஹäᔠᱥஹ£WÕᓄN3¦§ஹ£WÒÈiḄ5ᐳLᑖ᪆iþ.iþâA.Ca2\SO42Wᡂÿᱥ⏚┛ᡠᜧᐳᦑA┯B.⏚ឋᩩ஺0ᐹᨵᓄឋ!Fe2+ஹSO32ᓄ*Fe3+ஹSO42',ᡠᐳᦑB┯C./0123456789ᡠᐳᦑC:;D.Fe3\SCN7ᡂAᔠᱥFeCSCND3,ᡠ/E123ᐳᦑD┯ᦑ⌱C.GHIJ⚪ὃMN23ᐳO;23ᐳᩩPQJ⚪ᐵST⍝ᱥVḄឋVᓽYQZ[\I⏚┛P]ᱥ^_ᙠabcᐳdᜧᙠ*᧕┯G.⚪fgIᨵ◚iᩩḄ23ᐳᐺk2IC2014•noDᑡᨵᐵbqᡂḄrsᔠᳮḄPCDA.u⁐bcYᜧᙠA13+ஹNH\Cl\S2'4B.⏚ឋbcYᜧᙠNa+ஹC1O\SO2\I-4C.|}ឋbcYᜧᙠNa+ஹK\Cl\HCO3D.cឋbcYᜧᙠFe3+ஹK+ஹCl\SO?ᑖ᪆IA.AF+S267aQ89B.|⏚Ḅ▢2367ᓄ89Ḅ23ᜧᙠ⏚ឋbcC.|}ឋ23YᙠaQᕈ}ឋḄ23D.Fe3+aQᕈ⏚ឋ.QZIA.bu⁐dAl?+S267aQ89ᜧᐳᦑA┯B.|⏚ឋbcCIOᜧᐳ00167ᓄ89ᦑB┯C.HCO3.aQᕈ}ឋYᙠ|}ឋbcᦑC:;D.Fe3+aQᕈ⏚ឋᙠcឋbcᦑD┯.ᦑ⌱C.GHIJ⚪ὃM23ᐳ⚪*⚣⚪f⚣ὃG7Ḅᑖ᪆ḄὃM,[\23ḄឋV89fḄᑨᜧ.ூQ⚪G௃1ஹ¢⚪_9[\⚪c£¤Ḅ▬¦ᩩ.জ⏚ឋbCH+Dஹ}ឋbCOHDஹᙠ¦ᐭ©ª«¬¤Y®¯Ḅbஹᵫaᵯ2¤ḄH+ᡈOH-=lX10l0mol/LḄb¹.ঝᨵ⁐23MnO4,Fe3+,Fe2+,Cu2+,FeCSCND3+.@MnO3\NO3¹ᙠ⏚ឋᩩᐹᨵᓄឋ.টS2O32ᙠ⏚ឋᩩ67ᓄ89IS2O32-+2H+=SU+SO2Á+H2Oঠ[\⚪Ã⌕Å“ᜧᐳ"P"ᜧᐳ".2ஹ¢⚪_9ᱯÉ[\0GIC1D[\bḄ⏚ឋÊ23567ᓄ89ḄËÌ.᝞IFe?+NO3.ᐳdᙠ⏚ឋᩩCᓽFe2+ஹNO3\H+Î⍗DᐳMnO4-CÐᙠ⏚ឋᩩÑᐳS2-SO3?.ᙠÒஹÓÔ_Yᐳdᙠ⏚ឋᩩᑣᐳ.C2D⏚ÖÔḄi×|⏚᪷23}COHDஹ⏚CH+Dᐳ.᝞HCO3+OH=CO32+H2OCHCO3⍗}_ÙÚᵯ2DHCO3+H+=CO2Á+H2O.

5311.Û®ḄᓄឋVூTÜGḄÝÜ௃Û®ḄᓄឋVIÛ3ᙠᓄ89cÞß᧕àá1Áᵯ3.ᡠÛ®ḄᓄឋVâãäP1ᓄᑺ.ᓰ*C1Dæç89ICU+CI2-CuC12èéêëIìᙠÛ®cᒓîïð®ñcᐙóNôõ⁐Ḅö.÷_5«ð®ñᑁù▬Ḽᨵôõ⁐Ḅû¯ªü.ᔣð®ñᑁ¦ᐭ^þÿ
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55ᦑ⌱B.÷⚪ὃøùḄឋg"µᜧ"/ÁdoᙠḄÞß;è⚪Ḅᐵû"᪷ýdᔜ°ÞßḄឋgᩭèéᓽ.⚪ᐵᐺ2(2014•)!Ḅ#ᐭ30mL()*10.00mol/LḄ./ᓄ1(23456789:;<234=ᡂNaClஹNaC10ஹNaC103ᐳDEF.GᑡᑨJKLḄM()A.ONaOHḄ*0.3molB.n(Na+)n(Cl)U*73C.W4XYḄᵯ[*nmol,ᑣ0,153cl2+6NaOH=5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O{5/ᓄ|ᱥ~ᨵNaClO:5n(Na+)n(C)ᨬᜧ*21,/ᓄ|ᱥ*NaCKX:5n(Na*)n(Cl-)ᨬ*65,ᦑ&52I,ᦑB┯uCஹ᪷jvwxC12+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2Oஹ3cl2+6NaOH=5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O{5/ᓄ|ᱥ~ᨵNaClO:5XYᵯ[ᦪᨬ85*0.3molxLx1=0.15moi5/ᓄ|ᱥ~ᨵNaC1032:;XYᵯ[ᦪᨬ5*0.3molX$Xl=0.25moLᦑCKLu6Dஹn(NaCl)=llmol>n(NaClO)=2mol,n(NaClOs)=lmol>ᡂNaCl¡Ḅᵯ[*llmolXl=llmol,ᡂNaClOஹNaCK)3ᜫ£Ḅᵯ[*2moiXl+lmolX5=7mol,¡ᜫᵯ[¤¥5ᦑD┯uᦑ⌱C.§¨©⚪ὃ«/ᓄ¬rஹ᪷jvwxḄ¥5)®ᜧ5¯°᩽▲OmឤḄᑭᵨ.⚪±ឋ³´ᔠᐺ3Gᑡ¶KLḄM()জḄឋ³¸¹5ºO.»ᔠ<¼ᓽ¾ᰦÀ

56ঝÂÃᑴÅ:5*Æ■ÈÉ᛻ËÌ5ÍḄÎᵨ./ᓄ┛23ᔾᦈঞÓᑴÔḄ/ᓄឋÕdÖ×ÔḄটÙHC1E4Mᔲ»ᨵC12,vME#ᐭÛ⏚Ý234ঠ◀£HCIE4ḄC12,E#ᐭ⛳áâÔ4.A.জঝঞB.ঝঞটC.ঞD.ঞঠᑖ᪆জ.ᙠeᨵᩩåG¤uঝ./ᓄ┛Ḅ2ឋ®uঞÔ4æ⏚ᨵÕ/ᓄឋ5Ö×ḄÔ4æ⏚ç!®èuটᓄ.ஹéÛ⏚Ý23uঠ⛳áâÔ4çᨵê[5ᢓᑴḄ2.জ.ᙠ§ìᡈᐝ᯿ᩩåGU|ᰦÀ5ᙠeᨵᩩåG¤5ᦑ┯uঝ./ᓄ┛Ḅ2)®5ᡠÎᔾᦈḄUñ®5ÂÃòᵨ./ᓄ123ᔾᦈ5ᦑ┯uঞæ⏚ᨵÕ/ᓄឋ5ÓᑴḄÔ4æ⏚Ḅ!®5Ö×ḄÔ45æ⏚ᑖᡂᓄ./5ᡠÎÖ×ḄÔ4æ⏚ç!®85Õ/ᓄឋ®è5ᡠÎÓᑴÔḄ/ᓄឋÕdÖ×ÔḄ5ᦑKLuটÔᡂâ⏚æ⏚5ᓄ.Û⏚ÝᡂᓄÝóô5ᡠÎஹᓄ.éUÛ⏚Ý23ᡂõ⁐óô5ᡠÎÛ⏚Ý23¤UᵨdÙHC1E4Mᔲ»ᨵC12,ᦑ┯uঠ⛳áâÔ4çᨵê[5ᢓᑴḄ25ᓄ.᩽᧕2d⛳áâÔ5ᡠÎÎ◀£C124ḄHC1E5øù¤ᑮ◀£HC1E4ḄC12ḄûḄ5ᦑ┯uᦑ⌱C.§¨©⚪ὃ«Ḅឋ³5{⍝Ô4DᙠḄýþÿᐸឋᓽᑴḄ᧕┯.ூ⚪௃1ஹᑴ&ᔠᱥᑖ"#$ᱥᑴᑖ+,C12,HC1O,H2Oᑖ+,H20ᡂᑖ)ᨵC12ᑖ+-+,H+,cr,CIO,OH-+,H+,Cl2ஹ./ឋᱥḄ01:ᐹᨵ./ឋḄᱥᱥHC1Oஹ03ஹH2O2ஹNa2O2S02ᩈ5<ᨵ⁐ᱥ=ᔠ>ᡂ?⁐8ᨵ⁐ᱥḄᑖ+6ᳮ8ᨵ⁐ᱥ:ᓄᑖᱥᔾ▬ᙠᐸ⊤☢E:ᓄF6GHI:ᓄF6GHᱥᳮᔾ▬ᦔKLឋᨚNឋᨚNឋ./ᜧRᦪᨵ⁐ᱥT./UVᨵ⁐ᱥWTᔾ▬UVᨵ⁐ᱥPXY⁐Z[\⁐XZ[]\⁐Ḅᑖ+^C12SO2&ᔠᵨ`./Tᔲbc./ᦔKdefdKᫀhWTSO2+CI2+2H2O—H2so4+2HC1.

5712.jḄᓄkឋூlmḄlm௃1ஹj
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591⏚ឋTᓄᱥptu2ᡂvtlXSO2+2NaOH—Na2so3+H2Ol2ᡂwḄ⏚XSO2+H2O=H2s03STᓄḄlkjxy⁐z{|j,}STᓄk9l~ᡂḄ⏚pᙠ9kj<<᧕ᑖqᡂltSTᓄ,ᦑSTᓄk9lḄY⌮.SO2+H2O-H2SO32TᓄឋXS02`c⏚

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¹^_Øb.î᯼íïÂðᔠᑭᵨ"c.±ᵨÅƪØd.nMïÂᜐᳮô᪗¹᣸YB.ö3÷ømnMÎÉ᛻ḄËÌ-■.জømᵨḄ^ᧇ7øùᡈúùûü^_ã{ᓄýஹNḄᓄᱥஹþ^_Ḅý¤ᓄᔠᱥஹ`ÿᓄᔠᱥஹᔠ.᣸ᑮ⌼ᡂᏉ.ঝ!"#$Ḅ◤'()a.ᦋ,-./Ḅ0123401ᐙᑖ7b.4ᵨ:ᓄ;ᓄ<=4ᨵ?ᓄ@7c.4ᵨ@B#CἭEFBᱥG᣸H7d.JᜧLM#$ḄNOἭEPQᑮRS᪗UḄ#$VW7e.ᦋᵨYZᜩᯠᡈ^ᓄ_Cᡈ`⏣#Cb0ᧇ.2.ᓄeஹfgR᛻Ḅijk1mᓄeஹfnR᛻Ḅᓻজᓄeqᔠᳮ4ᵨᜧkᨵNH3qvHwm)xk4xNஹPF⁚ᓣ|}⃩ᓄm7ẚk4⏚ᓄஹmঝfgḄᓻ)fgᨵᱥGᙠ◀ḄᩭᯠR᛻ḄᏉḄᓻ.k2mᔠᳮ4ᵨᓄefgᓄeḄᵨ⌕ḄᢗᐭḄR᛻ḄijᩭSᢝ|Ḅf¢£¢S¤¥££Gᡃ§ᢝ¨f©ª¢Ḅ«⌕ᑁ.ᙠᵨfg⌕᪷¯ᨵªᱥḄ-ª-°±²³´gஹ〉ᵨg¶ᢥ᯿¹ºḄᵨஹ»Oஹ¼ᦪᔠᳮ¾ᵨfn¿À4ᵨqÁÂḄfgÃᐙᑖ-ᢵqfgḄᱯឋ,ᨬ"ḄfnÉÊᨬ|Ḅ■ÌᦔÎÏÐÑᡈ■EᢙgឋḄ¢ªᕖÔÕ!"f¢£R᛻Ḅ.3.ᐸ×ØÙÚÛᱥ.Ü©xªÝxÞR᛻⌼ᡂij.17.⏚᪷Ḅ!"ூàáâḄàá௃ä⏚᪷åæḄLçLçèᳮ)Ba2++SO2=BaSO4sk4òó¢ªô᡾Ḅåæ)CO32,SO32-,Ag+,HPO42\Lç2û)ᐜJᐭýþ⏚⏚ᓄÿᨵ
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62□WXZᑺjXklmnoজ]⁐^_Zজ^_Zpq⁐ঝa⁐ᵬcaH+ঝᵬcaZpq⁐Zn+2H+=Zn2++H2vZঞᨵ>rsḄtuঞeᱏgᡈhᱏiK+ᯚ⁐xy]⁐gz{|⁐}~ᴻiNa+ᯚ⁐xy⁐ᨵឋtᕡஹNaOHNH4++0H=^=NH3v+H2ONH4+q⁐^_Zp|⁐Ḅtgiuজᡂ⁐
pᮞজFc2++2OH=Fe(OH)2JজNaOH⁐ᨬpᡂq⋎⁐4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)Fe2+ঝᑴḄঝᑴḄᵫ3+KSCN⁐p⁐KSCN02Fe2++Cl2=2Fe3++2Cl-ᕈq⁐Fe3++3SCN=Fe(SCN)3জNaOHজᡂq⋎⁐
জFc3++3OH=Fe(OH)3JFe3+ঝKSCNঝᡂq⁐(2)Fe3++3SCN=Fe(SCN)3জCu2++2OH=Cu(OH)2JCu(OH)2CUO+H2Oজᡂ|⁐
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=জAgNChஹ¡HN03জAg++I=AgIJ.HN03ঝᵫ®⁐p⁐1ঝᑴḄஹÃᓄÄ02I-+C12=l2+2C1-CC14Å₩CC14ÇË]qঞ21+C12=l2+2C1ঞᑴḄஹÊ⁐ঞË|⁐,ÍWᱥḄgᡈᨔuiCU+4H++2NO3=CU2+N03ᨵqª⁐tuஹ+H2so4gi+Cu*ᐳ+2NO2v+2H2OSOs2ÓÔ®⁐ᨵឋtᕡஹ>SO32-Ò'⏚ᡈ⏚ÕqZÖ⁐Ḅtu+2H+=SO2v+H2018.ấU¹PᓄấூÚÛÜḄÚÛ௃Òஹấ1ஹấYজᕜß⊤£áâYYãäᕜßIVAæçঝè¢éêᙠYᙠᙢì£Ḅè¢26.3%,ïð¡Pᙠñᯠò£ó!ᓄᔠ᝱êᙠçঞö÷øùuYᨔuấU®úùấ.2ஹấḄᱥᳮឋüUᓄýឋüYg1iᱥᳮឋüYᨔuấGᮞ⁐ᨵþÿᐝ
ᾪḄḄ᪀ᐹᨵḄᰚᜧḄᵯឋ!"#$%&'(Ḅ)ᩞᧇ.-2/ᓄ1ឋ23ᓄ1ឋ2456জ89:◀<=>ஹ@=⏚BCDEFGH᜜<ᐸKᱥ24GHSi+2F2=SiF4Si+4HF-SiF4V+2H2VSi+2NaOH+H2O-Na2SiO3+2H2V

64ঝᙠ]^ᩩ`:aஹc>deᦪghᓫ2ᓄᔠSi+02lSiO2Si+2c12lSiC14ᔡ*r-4/ᑴᜓ3ᙠᵯ᮱vᵨxyz{bᓄấᐜᑴ~ấSiO2+2C=E^Si+2coVᑴ~Ḅấᘤ?*@⛲).19.BḄ⌕ᓄᔠᱥூGHIḄGH௃

65LஹMᓄBḄNMᓄB1ஹMᓄBḄPQឋ5ST⁐UVឋMᓄᱥWXY(1)\]^SNa2O+H2O-2NaOH(2)\C02]^SNa2O+CO2-Na2c03(3)\HC1]^SNa2O+2HCl-2NaCl+H2O2ஹNMᓄBSkl⁐UXY7ᵨmnMᑺஹpTᑺ(1)\]^S2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2s(2)\C02]^S2Na2O2+2CO2-2Na2co3+02(3)\HC1]^S2Na2O2+4HCl-4NaCl+2H20+02sNMᓄBḄuMᓄឋSvᑺwxFeCh|}4Na2O2+4FeC12+6H2O=4Fe(OH)3+O2+8NaCl⋎⁐Na2so3|}Na2O2+Na2sO3+H2O=Na2so4+2NaOH⏚Na2O2+H2S=S+2NaOH|}⏅|}Na2O2\]^ᡂNaOH,Na2O2ᨵuMᓄឋᐜ⁐)|}Na2O2ᨵuMᓄឋ⁐MᓄB*NMᓄBḄSᱥ5MᓄBNMᓄB⁐᝱T⁐Ukl⁐UVឋMᓄᱥNMᓄᱥ(W8VឋMᓄᱥ)ᓄ"1*᩽ឋᵯ••2-••••2-Na.SoSNa+Na+SO:OSNa+••••••ᡂ¤I¥ᡈ§¨ᩩMḄᓄᔠ-2-1©▢□1S21S2sᦪXYWXYXYឋᓄ2Na20+O2=2Na2O2ᐵ¯ᵨ⌶ᵨ8ᑴ±²³NMᓄBnMᑺஹpTᑺஹMᓄᑺ\]^2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2sNa2O2µMᓄᑺ¶·2Na2O+2H2O=2NaOH´¸ᑺ02Mᓄ¹ᱥNaOH·¸¹ᱥ.

66ᓄᔠ©ᓣ᝱.ᜫ§ஹ½Kᓄ%2NaO^2HO=4NayH^6f2222ᓄᔠ©ÀÁ½·¸2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2co3+02,NMᓄBµMᓄᑺ¶·¸ᑺ7ᵨ8Âᔾ☢ᐹÆ‷ḄnM\♦È©ᓣᜫ2஺Ê)ᓄC02Na2O+CO2=NaCO3]^2Na202+2CO2=2Na,c63+02[________rÎIJ.ᓄᔠ©ÀÁ.Ñᑮ2c.½ÓÔ\HC1Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O2Na2O2+4HCl=4NaCl+2H2O+O2s]^ÕÖ◞ØÙÚஹ:ÛÕÖ◞ØÙÚஹÜ᧕¥ᱥஹ:ÛÕÖº⏚B*º⏚BḄ:ßàº⏚Bº⏚B⊤ᓄ"Na2co3NaHC03áàâᡭäâᡭᱥ⁐᝱T⁐åæT⁐ᨔᳮឋ|èឋ᧕|8é|8|èêSNa2cO3>NaHCO35\ì⏚Na2co3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2sNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2s]^]^NaHC03\HC1Ḅ]^᠒]^Na2c03\HC1Ḅ]^îð¨ᑖèS¨XYïXY§᡻ᓄឋ2NaHCO3'Na2co3+H2O+CO2s"\ឋNaOHW]^NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O5]^NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2OôõNa2co3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3§᡻ᓄ2NaHCO3Na2cO3+H2O+CO2sº⏚Bஹº⏚B\ì⏚]^ḄPQöxḄ÷øùúS(1)ᔣNa2c03⌲ý§ᐭì⏚ÿὑHC1ḄCO2ḄḄᐵ᝞1ᡠᳮNa2cO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HCI=NaCl+CO2!+H2O,#$%&'(ᐭ*⏚,-ᨵ/.(2)ᔣNaHC035⌲7(ᐭ*⏚89ὑHC1ḄC02ḄḄᐵ᝞2ᡠᳮNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2!+H2O(3)ᔣNaOHஹNa2cO3Ḅ;ᔠᱥ5⌲7(ᐭ*⏚89ὑHC1ḄC02ḄḄᐵ᝞3ᡠ(>NaOHஹNa2cO3Ḅᱥ?Ḅ@ABxy=l1,ᐸFBG,ḄHᶍ)ᳮNaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2ONa2cC>3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2!+H2O,KNaOHஹNa2cO3Ḅᱥ?Ḅ@ABL11,8ᡂC02

67/N9ὑḄ*⏚ḄOᓽQNRSTUᡂC029ὑḄ*⏚ḄABL21OQVWST.O4TᔣNa2c03ஹNaHC03Ḅ;ᔠᱥ5⌲7(ᐭ*⏚89ὑHC1ḄC02ḄḄᐵ᝞4ᡠO>Na2c03ஹNaHC03Ḅᱥ?Ḅ@ABmn=l1,ᐸFBG,ḄHᶍT.ᳮNa2cO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaC1NaHCO3+HC1=NaCl+CO2!+H2OO$,NaHCO3+ᒹ\Na2c03]ᓄᩭḄU`ᩭabᙠḄ8ᱥ?Ḅ@dNa2co3Ḅ2fT8#$KNa2co3ஹNaHC03Ḅᱥ?Ḅ@ABL1I,8ᡂCO2/N9ὑḄ*⏚ḄUᡂCO29ὑḄ*⏚ḄABL12.20.gḄᓄhឋ?ூklmḄkl௃MgஹAlḄᓄhឋ?1ஹrstO1T02uvwx/5Ḅ02ᡂyz{|Ḅ}ᓄᱥↈ8ᡠ╅ஹgᨵᓰᓰᢙῖ⇨Ḅឋ.╅ஹgᙠx/52Mg+O2-''/ஹ2Mg0,4A1+3O2-''0ஹ2Al2O3ᓰᓰO2Tᓴᓫ?ஹMg+C12MgC12,2A1+3C”2Ale132A1+3sAl2s3OᵨᑴᜓAl2s3T,Mg+SMgSᱯ⏨জ╅ᙠx/5ᵨ⏀¢£¤ᯚmᓽ¦8§gᙠx/5◤⌕ªvm«.╅ᙠx/5,ᨵW!Q2Mg+O2,-2*?MgO,3Mg+N22*Mg3N2,ᓰ2Mg+CO22MgO+Cঝ,®ᜧ@Ḅ°8Q®ὀ²Ḅ³ᐝ.ᑭᵨ╅Ḅ¶·ឋ?ᩭᑴ⌼᯿º»ঞ½/¾¿À⌕yÁÂÃ8■Ž/¾ÆÇ.2,H20MgஹAlUÈÉÊ8Ëᙠ(°ᩩÍwÉᡂÎ}ᓄᱥUÎ/Mg+2H201MgOOHT2+H2!2A1+6H20ஹ2AlOOHT3+3H2!3ஹ⏚Ðᣚ®H2

68MgஹAlÒஹÓ*⏚ஹÓ⏚ஹÔ⏚⏚Ðᣚ®H2,ᐸ5gᙠÈÒH2so4,ÈÒÕ⏚5QÖᓄ×H.ᡠ¦ᵨgᑴØᘤÚbÈḄÒ⏚ᡈÒÕ⏚.4ஹÜÁ}ᓄᱥᓰ*(1)╅Ý}ᓄÞ2Mg+CC>2-2Mg0+Cßᱯ⏨à:"C02Êã"ḄäådÊᐰ☢Ḅ8C02èéᜧêᦪ¦ᱥdìíḄî¤ᑺ8§èKஹCaஹNaஹMg¦ᱥᓾdãᑺ.(2)g°2Al+Fe2O34#2Fe+AbO3g°¦ᵨôõö÷UøùÜÁúᰚst8᝞VஹCrஹ.ßᱯ⏨à:জg°ᑺdᢣgÿ
ᓄᱥḄᔠᱥᓄᱥFe2O3ஹFeOஹFe3O4ஹCr2O3ஹV2O5ஹMn02.ঝ"#$%Ḅᱯ'$%()ᜧ+Ḅ#,-ᡂḄᕈ0᝱.ঞ⌕,ᵨ5ᨵᓄḄ"7ᓄ879⌕:;.টKC103?@ABᑺDᵨNa2O2GH.IJKLᵨ╅ᩩ'BOᵨᙠQ⏚STUḄᔠᱥVWXYZ⏚Ḅ[\ᩭ'B.5ஹ^_$%╅L^_$%"^_0$%2Al+2NaOH+6H2O=2NaAlO2+4H2O+3H2fgஹhiᑴᜓ╅"1ஹhiᑴᜓ╅ᵯmᰚop᝱ḄQᓄ╅ᑴq╅□᩽$%2cu-2/-C12fx▢᩽$%Mg2++2e—Mg5ᵫ|$%MgCh(ᰚo)Mg+Ch^ᓄ╅Qᓄ╅ᰚ'@ὑhiᵯmᑴq╅ᵨḄᧇQᓄ╅OLᓄ╅.2ஹhiᑴᜓ"ᵯmᰚop᝱Ḅᓄ"ᨔḄᔠᱥ□᩽$%6஺2-I2e-302f;▢᩽$%4Al3++12e—4Al5ᵫ|$%2Al203(ᰚo)4A1+3O2fᯠᓄ"Qᓄ"Ḅᰚ'ᵫQᓄ"ᐳᓄᔠᱥᰚop᝱LᑮA1ᓫ◤⌕ᵯmᓄ"ᵫᓄ"Ḅᰚ'¢Xᐭᨔᰚ'.21.╅ஹ"Ḅ¤⌕ᓄᔠᱥூ¦§'Ḅ¦§௃©ஹMgOAI2O3Ḅª«¬'®¯ᓄᔠᱥᰚ'ᓄ°ឋ²³?@ὊµᩞᧇxL¬'জMgO^¸¹᠒ᓄᔠxAI2O3^¸L$%xঝᓄ╅_ឋᓄᱥ⏚$%Oᓄ"»ឋᓄᱥ¼⏚$%½_$%.gஹMg(OH)2Al(OH)3Ḅª1ஹMg(OH)2T⁐¿À¸ḄÁÂᐸ¸À0Äc(OH)¢Å,ÆÇÀ0ÈᡂÉÊ⁐Mg(OH)2(s)WMg2+(Í)+2OH(aq)ᓄ°ឋ

69জ^⏚$%-ᡂϸ᝞Mg(OH)2+2HC1—MgC12+2H2Oঝ#ÑÒឋÓÔ#Õ᧕ᑖmMg(OH)21MgO+H2O2ஹAl(OH)3LÀ¸ḄT⁐ØpᱥxÙÚ¸ÄḄÛÜᱥᵨ?ݸᑺஹÞᶭà⏚áâஹ?UḄῃ⁐ᑺx¼^⏚$%½^_$%.ᓄ°ឋ(1)^⏚$%Al(OH)3+3H+-AP++3H2O(2)^_$%Al(OH)3+OH=A1O2+2H2Oäå᡻(3)Ô#᧕ᑖm2Al(OH)3A12O3+3H2Oçᓄ"ḄᑴᜓIJèᑴ\Ah(SO4)3+6NH3H2O-(NH4)2SO4+AI(OH)3Jᐸéᑴ\(1)A1O2+HCO3+H2O=A1(OH)3jz+CO32'ঝ2A1O2+CO2+3H2O=2A1(OH)34/+CO32-(3)A1O2+CO2+2H2O=A1(OH)3J+HCO3-@3A1O2-+A13++6H2O=4A1(OH)3Jூm⚪ëì'í௃©ஹ᧕┯'ᑖ᪆1ஹᑭᵨñWòóL¬ôõL¬öJḄÀ0(1)A1C13À0Ï⏚(2)NaA102À0Ï⏚(3)Na2c03À0Ï⏚(4)AgN03À0÷¸2ஹøÀ0Äᨵâù®¯K⌕ὃ⇋®¯üýḄ$%òó᝞ᔣÿᨵH+ஹNH\Mg2+ஹAl3+4Ḅᔠ⌲ᐭNaOHNaOHᐜH+Mr+ஹAF+ᡂNH4+ᨬAl(0H)3.ᢥᡂஹஹ!"Ḅ#$.3ஹA102HC03-Ḅ&'()*+,Ḅ-HC03ᵯ/0ḄH+A102-1Ḅ:AIO2'+HCO3-+H2O=A1(OH)3^+CO32'.3ஹ4)ᐵ67ᑖ᪆1ஹᔣA1C13NaOH;<=.(1)>?@7AজA1C13ᐜ0@C⁐EঝGHNaOH.(2)/JKLMd)Al3++3OH=Al(OH)3J;(2)Al(OH)3+OH-=A1O2+2H2OnO(3)67.2ஹᔣNaOHAIC13;<=.

70(1)>?@7AজNaOHVWX(ᡈ0@C⁐Z[)EঝGHA1C13_`ᑮᨬᜧcdᢝ&f.(2)/JKLM(i)Al3++4OH-=A1O2'+2H2OEঝAF++3A1C)2-+6H2O=4A1(OH)3J3ஹᔣAIO2-HC1;<=.(1)>?@7AজA1O2ᐜ0@C⁐EঝGHHC1.(2)/JKLM(1)A1O2+H++H2O=A1(OH)3ঝAl(OH)3+3H+=Al3++3H2O4ஹᔣHC1AKh';<=.(1)>?@7AজHC1VWX(ᡈ0@C⁐Z[)EঝGHA1O2ஹ_;&f.(2)/JKLM(DA1O2'+4H+=A13++2H2OE(2)A13++3A1O2++6H2OMAI(OH)3J

7122.XtᱥḄvwூὃz{|௃~"⚪"{A1.᪷ᱥḄᱯ⁐vwᱥ⁐1ᨵ⁐"A⁐ACuஹCu20ஹFe2O3⋎⁐AFeOH3⁐:AgLAg3Po4⁐ASᡈNa2O2ᡈAgBr⁐ACuOH2⁐AKMnCMஹ12⁐A¡ஹCuOஹFeO,FeSஹCuSஹAg2SஹPbSEC⁐AFeOH2ஹCaC03ஹBaSC>4ஹAgCl>BaSOsE2ᨵ⁐:Fe?+§⁐ஹFe?*⁐ஹCu2+⁐ஹMnOj⁐ஹFeSCN3⊈⁐ᑺ¬ᑺCC14ᑺBr2®®12¯⋎°¯±²A⊤´Ḅµ¶·Ḽ¹ºḄᓣ¼-½¾ᓫ¶ÀḄ⁐3ᨵ⁐!"AC12§⁐ஹBrgÁ⁐ஹN02Á⁐ஹ12Â!⁐ஹ03°⁐22.᪷ᱯÃ@7vwᱯÃ@7A1ᯚ⁐ANa+⁐ஹK+⁐2ÅÆÇ⁐Ḅ!"AS02ÈÉឮË⁐ஹC12È&ឮË⁐3C⁐FeOH2Ì(Í!ᨬÎÏfÐ⋎⁐ÑFeOH3ÒᵫC⁐-ᮞ§⋎⁐4ᙠÍ!fÐÁ⁐ANO5!"×ØᕈÚC⁐AH2ᙠC12×ØEᙠÍ!z×ᕈ⁐ACOஹH2ஹCH46ÅÛÜḄ⁐ÝÞßàfANH37ÅÛÜḄ¡ỚᓄäßàfAC12ஹBr2ஹFeC13>Ớåᓽç⌕ᨵéêë1ìᓄÐ12ᑖJ&íỚᑖJ80@ïஹðḄ@7AজÍ!0@CðAHC1ஹHBrஹHLNH3ஹHNO3ঝÍ!0@CïANH3⏚ឋ!᝱ᱥᡈᢵ1ឋ⏚᝞ö⏚ஹ÷⏚3.᪷ᱯÃÏᓄᐵøvw1ù_!"জᓫAAlஹSiঝúöঞüé⏚ÉéùᓫAA1ᓄᔠᱥ:A12O3ஹAl0H3ஹý⏚ýùö᝞NH42c03ᡈNH4HCO3ஹý⏚Ḅ⏚Mö᝞ENH42s03ஹNH4HSO3ஹ2⏚_!"

72COf(HCOj)—2^COTᓄᔠᱥ,S-gs-1-HSTiSOftHSO)>50TNa2s2O3⏚!"#$%&'($%)*S2O32-+2H+=Sxk+S021+H02(3)/!"$%)**8f2Na+2H.0=2NaOH+H.Ti2F4,+2H4ஹO=4HF+O[•T2Na0+2HO=4NaOH-OT;;ᓄᔠᱥMg>:+3H0=3Mg(OH)2V+2NHT3AlSj+6H0=2A1(OH;▼+3HS-জCaC+2HO=Ca(OH)+CHT:2ঝ>?@/AB⌕ᢣAF+ஹFe3+CO32FஹHC03FHIJḄ@/AঞNa2O2!"(4)ᵯAH0-*:OAl஺/ᰚ@)ߟ>A1+0TNaClBCDE>NaOH+C1T+HTூR⚪Tᔣ௃⚪WFᦻYZ[W⚪W\᪾^W⚪W_`aW⚪WbcdWூ⚪efgh௃1.ijkl⚪ḄFmA⚪ef(1)no⚪pOq⚪rstuvஹ᦮*xyஹ$%ᓺ{O|}ᙠ᪾^ᐵ⊤ᩭOA⌕.(2)"⚪”ᓽᑮA⚪ḄẚOᐵ.(3)q⚪OὶᡠḄ¡¢£O¤ᱥ¥Ḅᱯឋᡈ©ªᱯ«ᩭ¬"ẚ",ᜧ®¯°O±²᥎´Oµ¶·ᔠᑖ᪆ஹkᳮO»¼½¾.(4)a¿ÀÁ½ÂÃᐭÅ⚪ÆaOÇᐰÉᔠÊdË.(5)ᢥ⚪ÍḄ⌕ᑏÏᫀ.

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74Äᐸdᓄ»ÆᑴÈÉᓄᵨÊËÌÄÍᡈÎᑖͱÏ|᪆^ÐKI±ÒÓdᑖÔᩭdᑖᐭÖ×tÄ°Øᱥ+lt᪆^±ÜḂdᑖᵞ¨x+t᪆ÙGÚÛÒaᔠᱥᔜ¿ᑖḄfßµឋ1¡fᑖl^◀áNa2c03ḄNaHCO?fᡈjkAᑖaᔠᱥᔜ¿ᑖḄ⏚ஹåឋ1¡l^ᑖFe2O3)AI2O3ᓄᵨ⏚ᡈåᜐᳮaᔠᱥ°&ᡂᑖ°ᑺ,KNO3ëᨵKC1ᓽAᐭÛÒ^ê
ÚÛÒAgN03,ÄClÛÒ◀áᑭᵨaᔠᱥ°&ᡂᑖB9î◀á®Ḅᵬ®ᐭ⏚ឋKMn04,\îᓄI!^ᓄgᡈ9I!$ᵬ®9îᓄ◀áḄឋ+ᑖ^ᵯl^ᑭᵨᵯlᑖ)ᵯl^ôõöÍ÷ᣚ^ᑭᵨÍ÷ᣚ^Í÷ᣚ^ùᓄú¯aᔠᱥ°&¿ᑖAüᡂûᔠûᔠ^ᑖA12O3)ZnOᱥ24.ᱥ+Ḅþÿ␺Ḅ⌱ᵨூḄ௃1ஹḄ□ᑺ!জ#⁐%&)জ%&)45⁐ঝ+⁐ᵬ+H+ঝᵬ+)45⁐Zn+2H+=Zn2++H2C)ঞᨵ789Ḅ:;<=ঞ.ᱏ0ᡈ2ᱏ3K+ᯚ⁐F#⁐0GHI⁐JKᴻ3Na+ᯚ⁐FO⁐TUV<=ᨵWXឋ:ᕡஹ[NaOHR)NH4+\]5⁐%&^4I⁐Ḅ:NH4++OIT=NH3C+H200S3;জ=ᡂl⁐mnVop4qᮞজFe2++2OH=Fe(OH)2JজNaOHR)s⁐Vᨬu4ᡂ5⋎⁐4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)Fe2+ঝeᑴḄghঝwTeᑴḄghVR)ᵫy3+KSCNR)s⁐4qO⁐VzwTKSCNঝ2Fe2++C12=2Fe3++2CR)VR)ᕈ5⁐Fe3++3SCN=Fe(SCN)3জNaOHR)জ=ᡂ5⋎⁐mn(l)Fc3++3OH=Fe(OH)3JFe3+ঝKSCNR)ঝ=ᡂ5⁐R)@Fe3++3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3Cu2+জNaOHR)জ=ᡂI⁐mnVTUuজCu2++2OH=Cu(OH)2J

75ঝSh4ᡂ⁐Cu(OH)2CUO+H2Oঝ=ᡂḄI⁐mnVRHঝCP+2NH3H2O=ShVᕈI⁐R)Cu(OH)2J+2NH4+Cu(OH)2+4NH3H2O=[Cu(NH3)4]2++2OH-+4H2OজAg++Cl=AgClJজ=ᡂl⁐mnVl⁐mn@Ag++OH=AgOHskজ⏚ᡈgᓄRHN032AgOH=Ag2O+H2Oᱥ+HN03ঝ=ᡂl⁐mnVop4qAg+ঞAg++2NH3H2O=ঝNaOHR)⁐AgOHJ+2NH4+ঞhঞ=ᡂl⁐mnVHḄhAgOH+2NH3»H2O=[mnR[Ag(NH3)2]++2H2OজA13++3NH3H2O=জ<=l⁐mnজhAl(OH)3J+3NH4+Al3+ঝ<=l⁐mnVHḄঝNaOHR)<2)A13++3OH=A1(OH)3(NaOHR)[mnRAl(OH)3+OH=A102+2H2O<=l⁐mnVHḄMg2+NaOHR)Mg2++2OH=Mg(OH)2JNaOHR)7[mnRNa2c03R)+<=l⁐mnVmnRCa2++CO32=CaCO34zCa2+⏚⏚CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++CO2C+H20▢ᑺ!জ⁐)জ⏒)45⁐OH-ঝ#⁐%&)ঝ#⁐%&)4I⁐ঞᵬ+)ঞ+⁐ᵬ+)4O⁐CO32'Tᐭ⏚uVᨵ⁐ஹᕡḄ:CO32⏚0ᡈ⏚ஹ⏚3ஹ+2H+=CO2C+H20;<=V¢:;7[%ᮞ%ᮞhCO2+Ca(OH)h4£¤2¥CaCO3J+H2OSO42BaC12[ᡈBa(NO3)2R=ᡂl⁐mnV¢mnRBa2++SO42=BaSO4xk)]ஹHN03HN03AgN03R)ஹ=ᡂl⁐mnV¨mnRcrAg++Cl=AgClJHN03HN03জ=ᡂyO⁐mnV¨mnজAgNO3R)ஹRHN03জAg++Br=AgBrJBr-HN03ঝR)ᵫ⁐4q+⁐VT02Br+C12=Br2+2CrঝeᑴḄghஹ©gᓄªCC14«₩uVCC144q+5⁐জAgN03R)ஹজ=ᡂO⁐mnV¨mnজAg++=AgIJHN03RHNO3ঝ2I+C12=l2+2C1IঝeᑴḄghஹ©gᓄªঝR)ᵫ⁐4qO⁐VT(3)2r+C12=l2+2Cl-ঞeᑴḄghஹn®R)CC14«₩uVCC14¯#5

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