上海市复旦附中2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语Word版含解析

《上海市复旦附中2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语Word版含解析》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

复旦大学附属中学2020学年高一年级第一学期期末考试英语试卷（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）I.ListeningComprehension(25分)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Theman's.B.Thewoman's.C.Karen’s.D.ThewomanandKaren's.2.A.TheTVneedscleaning.B.Hehasn'twatchedit.C.TheTVisbrokenduetodust.D.Hewillwatchitrightnow.3.A.AtanATMmachine.B.Atabank.C.Ataregistrationdesk.D.Atanaccountingoffice.4.A.Hewantstosaysomethingtothewoman.B.Hewantstocatchupwiththewomaninarush.C.Hewantstoofferthewomanalift.D.Hewantsthewomantodrivethecar.5.A.HemadeUnitedStates'foreignpolicy.B.Hisscheduletodayisveryfull.C.Heisaverypopularprofessor.D.Heisgoingtoappearinthedebate.6.A.At11:00a.m.B.At10:30a.m.C.At10:00a.m.D.At8:00a.m.7.A.Theassignmentisveryunfair.B.Thetimegivenistooshort.C.Thepapersisaneasytask.D.Upsettingtheprofessorisunwise.8.A.Mr.andMrs.WhiteareinNewYorknow.B.Mr.andMrs.Whitealreadyhaveplansforcelebration.C.Mr.andMrs.Whitehavebeenmarriedforaweek.D.Ittakesaweektobookaroomatthebesthotel.9.A.Sheislookingforaroom.B.Sheisreadinganewspaper.

1C.Sheisshowingthemantheroom.D.Sheishavinglunch.10.A.Toseekforhelptosolvehersleepingproblems.B.Tocomplaintothemanabouthersleepingproblems.C.Tomakesurethatshedoesn'thavetheproblemagain.D.Todiscusshersleepingproblemswiththeman.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Atheftthatoccurredinadepartmentstore.B.ThemisunderstandingbetweenMrs.Whiteandthestore.C.AconflictbetweenastoremanagerandMrs.White.D.Mrs.White'slegalclaimagainstadepartmentstore.12.A.ThestoremanagerwantedtosearchMrs.White'sbag.B.Mrs.Whitewasshutinasmallroom.C.Mrs.Whitewassearchedinvain.D.Thedepartmentstorerefusedtoapologize.13.A.Thereisnolegalresultyet.B.Thedepartmentstoreadmittedmakingamistake.C.ThebookstoremanagerfollowedMrs.Whiteandstoppedher.D.ThemanagerknewMrs.Whiteandsawherstealingacard.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Culture.B.Decoration.C.Ideas.D.Function.15.A.Maketheirhomescultural.B.Maketheirhomesattractive.C.Maketheirhomessafe.D.Maketheirhomesexpressive.16.A.Becauseagoodmaskcanmakeastronganti-warstatement.

2B.Becauseagoodmaskhasthemagicalpowertokeepthehousesafe.C.Becausehecannotseparatethemaskfromeverydayexistingobjects.D.Becauseinhistribalcultureagoodmaskisconsideredtohavethisfunction.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Becausethecontestantswerenotatallhonest.B.Becauseshedidn'tenjoylisteningtomostofthespeeches.C.BecauseshethoughtSamanthashouldhavebeenthewinner.D.Becauseshecouldn'tacceptthejudgeswhowerenotqualified.18.A.Pronunciation.B.Delivery.C.Voice.D.Meaning.19.A.Hisspeechwasveryimportant.B.Hisemotionswereverymeaningful.C.Hetoldthestorywithalotofpassion.D.Hisspeechwasinfectedbythemovingstory.20.A.Shedeliveredherspeechinagoodmanner.B.Shepronouncedeverywordcorrectly.C.Shespokeinaverysteadyvoice.D.Shehadreceivedtrainingasanannouncer.II.GrammarandVocabulary(35分)SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.AtlanticCity,whichisthehotfavouriteto_____theboxingcompetition,isbeingfloodedwithcrazyfansfromallovertheworld.A.conserveB.replicateC.stageD.approach【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大西洋城是最受欢迎的拳击比赛举办地，全世界的狂热粉丝蜂拥而至。A.conserve保存；B.replicate复制；C.stage上演、举办；D.approach靠近。根据句意可知，此处表达“大西洋城是最受欢迎的拳击举办地”，stage做动词时表示“上演、举办”。故此题选C。2.Thescientistandvolunteersareworkingtogethertosaveaspeciesofbirdsfrom_____byreplicatingitsnaturalhabit.A.contactB.infectionC.alternativeD.extinction【答案】D【解析】

3【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家和志愿者们正在共同努力，通过复制一种鸟类的自然习性来拯救它，使其免于灭绝。A.contact联系；B.infection感染；C.alternative供替代的选择；D.extinction灭绝。根据句意以及前文“tosaveaspeciesofbirds”可知，此处fromextinction指“免于灭绝”。故选D项。3.Mygrandparents_____toliveinthecountrysideratherthanmovetothetown,becauseairandfoodtherearefresh.A.preferB.hesitateC.happenD.threaten【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我的祖父母更喜欢住在农村而不是搬到城市，因为那里的空气和食物都很新鲜。A.prefer更喜欢；B.hesitate犹豫；C.happen发生；D.threaten恐吓。由语意可知，农村空气和食物都很新鲜，我的祖父母应是更喜欢住在农村而不是城市。prefertodosth.更喜欢、宁愿做某事。故选A项。4.Eventhoughsomepeopleareinfavorofzoos,theopponentsdon’tsupportthe_____wherethecagedanimalsareboredanddepressedduetothefrequentcontactwithhumanvisitors.A.establishmentsB.similaritiesC.exhibitionsD.occasions【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有些人支持动物园，但反对者并不支持那些由于经常与人类游客接触而使笼中动物感到无聊和沮丧的场所。A.establishments设施，机构，企业；B.similarities类似处；C.exhibitions展览；D.occasions场合，时机。根据前文thezoo以及后文where引导的定语从句可知，此处指的是像动物园这样的机构场所。故选A项。5.Itwasmanyyearsbeforethekingwas_____thatitwasthemothpoothatplayedakeyroleinkeepingabalancedandhealthynatureinthegardens.A.contentB.awareC.uniqueD.moody【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词义辨析。句意：许多年后，国王才意识到蛾粪在保持花园平衡和健康的自然环境中起着关键作用。A.content满意的；B.aware意识到的；C.unique唯一的；D.moody不高兴的。根据playedakeyrole可知，此处表示国王意识到了蛾粪的关键作用。故选B。6.Standingatthetopoftherock,onecanseethe_____ofthewholeislandandenjoytheskyandtheseameetingon

4thehorizon.A.contentmentB.representativeC.delicatenessD.landscape【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：站在岩石的顶端，可以看到整个岛屿的景观，欣赏天空和大海在地平线上相交。A.contentment满足；B.representative代表；C.delicateness精美；D.landscape风景，地貌。由语意可知，站在岩石的顶端，应是可以看到整个岛屿的风景（地貌）。故选D项。7.The improvement of the course and teaching atanormaluniversityshould_____students’abilityofteaching, vocation and linguistic competence.A.centeraroundB.refertoC.serveasD.preparefor【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：高师课程和教学的提高应围绕学生的教学能力、职业能力和语言能力展开。A.centeraround以……为中心；B.referto涉及，参考；C.serveas充当，担任；D.preparefor为……准备。此处指以“学生的教学能力、职业能力和语言能力”为中心。故选A。8.Self-objectificationmaybeabiggerproblemformen,_____thetimeandefforttoeditandimprovetheirselfies,beforepostingthemonline.A.manytakenB.withmanytakingC.manytookD.withmuchtaken【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查独立柱格结构。句意：对男性来说，自我客观化可能是一个更大的问题，因为很多男性在上传自拍照之前，会花时间和精力来编辑和改进自拍照。根据句意以及分析句子可知，设空后为“with+宾语+宾补”结构；many在句中为代词，指代前文的复数名词（men），意为“很多男性”，take与many是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词做宾补，表主动。故选B项。9.Burningwithanambitionhehadnursed_____hisownorchestra,theyoungmannevercametotermswithhisdisability.A.toleadB.havingledC.willleadD.wouldhaveled【答案】A

5【解析】【详解】考查不定式。句意：这个年轻人满怀着自己领导自己的管弦乐队的雄心壮志，他从未向自己的残疾妥协。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作后置定语，故选A。10._____oilisanirreplaceablenaturalresource,wemustdowhateverwecaninordertoconserveitbeforewefindalternativeenergysources.A.ConsideringthatB.EventhoughC.ProvidedthatD.Supposethat【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：考虑到石油是一种不可替代的自然资源，在我们找到替代能源之前，我们必须尽我们所能来保护它。分析句意可知，本句为Consideringthat“考虑到”引导的原因状语从句。故选A项。11.Hewon'twanttoeatitunlesshe'sreallyhungry,_____he'lleatalmostanything.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inthecaseD.incase【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除非他真的饿了，否则他不会吃的，在这种情况下，他几乎什么都吃。分析句子可知，_____he'lleatalmostanything为非限制性定语从句，后半句应该是在某种情况下，他几乎什么都吃，in...case，而非限制性定语从句中的这种情况指代的是前面的he'sreallyhungry，指代前面的一句话，应该用which，故选A。12.ThepulsesignalpickedupbyChinesepatrolshiphasnotbeenconfirmedas_____tothepassengersonboardthemissingflightMH370.A.toberelatingB.beenrelatedC.relatingD.related【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国巡逻舰接收到的脉冲信号尚未被证实与失联航班MH370上的乘客有关。分析句子可知，主语为ThepulsesignalpickedupbyChinesepatrolship，谓语为hasnotbeenconfirmedas，此处要用非谓语动词，由relate与主语Thepulsesignal是逻辑动宾关系，因此要用过去分词形式作状语。故选D项。13.Itmustbethereason_____Mikerefusedtosaymoreaboutitforatthemeeting______arousedthesuspicionofthedetective.A.which…thatB.why…thatC.which…whichD.that…which

6【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：一定是迈克在会上拒绝多谈这件事的原因引起了侦探的怀疑。第一个空分析句子可知，Mikerefusedtosaymoreaboutitforatthemeeting是一个定语从句，先行词为thereason，定语从句中for缺少宾语，因此引导词用which；第二个空由Itmustbethereason可知此处是强调句，被强调部分是thereason，因此要用连接词that。故选A项。14.Everyyearafloodoffarmersarriveinthenewareaofthemetropolisforthemoney-makingjobsthey_____beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：每年都有大量的农民来到大都市的新地区，从事他们在离开家乡之前就答应给他们的赚钱工作。分析句子结构，they_____是省略了that/which的限制性定语从句，先行词是jobs，在定语从句作宾语。从句可还原为：theyhavebeenpromisedthemoney-makingjobs.使用现在完成时是因为promise的动作对现在产生了影响（大量的农民来到了大都市的新地区）。故选D。15.Thereisno_____thattheearlierweareprepared,thebetterchanceswewillhave.A.denyingB.todenyC.beingdeniedD.tobedenied【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：不可否认，我们准备得越早，机会就会越好。固定句式Thereisnodenyingthat...“不可否认的是……”，denying是名词，that引导的是同位语从句。故选A项。16.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_____itisascience.Soteachingisnoeasyjob.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。句意：人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。所以教书不是件容易的事。在同级比较as……as结构中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词要置于形容词之后。即形成“as+形容词+a/an+名词+as”结构。故选D项。17.Theprizewillgoto_____ofthemwritesthebestcompositioninafigurativelanguage.

7A.oneB.anyoneC.whoeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：他们中谁用比喻语言写出的作文最好，谁就得这个奖。A.one一个人或事物；B.anyone任何人；C.whoever无论是谁；D.whichever无论哪个。根据谓语动词willgoto可知ofthemwritesthebestcompositioninafigurativelanguage是一个宾语从句，缺少了主语，表示无论是他们中的哪一个，因此要用连接词whichever。故选D项。18.You,who_____alwaysreadytoofferhimyourassistanceatanycriticalmoment,areatruefriendindeed.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：你在任何关键时刻都愿意帮助他，你才是真正的朋友。分析句子可知，“who_____alwaysreadytoofferhimyourassistanceatanycriticalmoment”为非限制性定语从句，who为引导词，指代先行词You，在从句中做主语，故从句谓语动词应同先行词保持一致，主句用一般现在时，从句也应用一般现在时，主语是复数，故用are，故选B。19.Thetrafficproblemswearelookingforwardtoseeing_____shouldhaveattractedthegovernment’sattention.A.solvedB.solvingC.tosolveD.beingsolved【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词作补语。句意：我们期待解决的交通问题本应该引起政府的重视。本句中定语从句wearelookingforwardtoseeing修饰先行词thetrafficproblem，关系代词that/which（此处已省略）指代先行词作为动词see的宾语，与solve构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词solved做宾语补足语，即构成seesth.done的结构，综上应选A。20.PalaceofficialsannouncedMondaythatPrinceHarryisengagedtoMeghanMarkle,_____monthsofrumorsthatthecouplewascloseto_____theknot.A.confirming...tyingB.confirmed...tieCconfirming...tieD.toconfirm...tying【答案】A

8【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：皇室官员周一宣布，Harry王子与MeghanMarkle订婚，证实了几个月来关于哈里王子即将结婚的传闻。分析句子及语意可知，第一个设空处应是现在分词作结果状语，第二个设空处是动名词作介词to的宾语。confirm的现在分词形式为confirming，tie的动名词形式为tying。故选A项。21.Notuntil_____thebottomoftheocean_____thediscoveryofthetracesoftheunidentifiedalien-likecreatures.A.didthescientistsreach…theybelievedB.thescientistsreached...didtheybelieveC.didthescientistreach…didtheybelieveD.thescientistsreached…theybelieved【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：直到科学家们到达海底，他们才相信发现了不明身份者的痕迹。此处是not…until引导的时间状语从句的部分倒装。Notuntil位于句子开头，从句用陈述语序，主句用部分倒装，谓语为believe，需借助于助动词did。B项符合句意，故选B。22.Aswehavementionedpreviously,wewillbededicatedto_____thedisputewithinthecurrentframework,ratherthan_____anewone.A.settle...establishB.settling...establishC.settle...toestablishD.settling...establishing【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：正如我们前面提到的，我们将致力于在目前的框架内解决争端，而不是建立一个新的框架。固定短语bededicatedto“致力于”，to是介词，后接动名词；第二个空由ratherthan可知是与第一个空结构一致，因此也用动名词。故选D项。23.Accordingtothereport,peopleinthe_____areasarerebuildingtheirhomesandmanyroads_____totheareashavebeenrepaired.A.flooded…leadB.flooding…leadingC.flooded…leadingD.flooding…tolead【答案】C

9【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，受灾地区的人们正在重建家园，许多通往受灾地区的道路已经修复。分析可知，第一个空处的词用来修饰名词areas作定语，和名词之间为被动关系，应用过去分词；第二个空处的词用来修饰名词roads作定语，和名词之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故选C。24.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,____reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelped【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，中国各地的学校预计将雇佣5万名大学毕业生担任短期教师，这一数字几乎是去年的三倍，以帮助缓解失业压力。本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故选C项。25._____,thereseemedlittlehopethattheadventurerwouldfindhiswaythroughthevastrainforest.A.ConfusedbythemapB.AshehadbeenconfusedbythemapC.HavingbeenconfusedbythemapD.Hehadbeenconfusedbythemap【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：由于这张地图把他弄糊涂了，这位冒险家找到穿越这片广袤雨林的路的希望似乎不大。分析句子结构可知，第二句和第一句的主语不一致，所以前一句不能使用非谓语动词，两句之间存在因果关系，需要用连词as连接，故选B项。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.opportunityB.inventedC.markingD.exposedE.celebratedF.typicallyG.responsibilityH.valuingI.representsJ.assignedK.particularlyCelebratingKwanzaa(宽扎节)Thispastsummer,IlefthomewithoutmyfamilyforthefirsttimetogotoGhanafortwoweeksinTheYearof

10Return.TheYearofReturnisayear___26___400yearssinceenslavedAfricanstoucheddownonAmericansoil.IjoinedPittsburghPublicSchool’sAfricanAmericanCenterforadvancedStudiesExecutivecommitteeandwasfully___27___tothetraditionofKwanzaa.Muchlikeaharvestfestival,theholidaywas___28___bytheAfrican-AmericanprofessorMaulanaKarengawiththepurposeofcelebrating,___29___andunifyingtheblackcommunityintheaftermath(余波)ofthe1965Wattsriots.Itis___30___intheweekofDec26toJan1.Duringthefestival,webeginbyreadingupontheholiday,goingthroughthesevenprinciples___31___tothesevendaysofKwanzaa.Wethenendtheceremonybypouringlibation(祭酒)tothosewhohavepavedourway.Duringlibation,westandwithourhandsjoinedandourrespectsgiven.Forthefirsttime,thewholebecomesone.OneachdayofKwanzaa,welightoneofthesevencandles.Thecandlescomeinthreecolors:black,redandgreen.Westartwithoneblackcandleforthepeople.Therearethreeredcandlesfortheirstruggleandthreegreencandlesfortheirfuture.Eachcandlealso___32___oneofsevenSwahiliprinciples:Umoja,thefirstcandle,standsforunity;Kujichagulia,self-determination;Ujima,collectiveworkand___33___;Ujamaa,cooperativeeconomics;Nia,purpose;Kummba,creativity;andImani,faith.Afterlightingeachcandle,weshowcaseourtalents,whethertheyarespokenword,poetry,music,danceorperformingamonologue.OverthesevennightsofKwanzaa,people___34___tellstories.OnthelastnightofKwanzaa,followingthecandle-lighting,familiesgivegiftstochildrenandprepareafeast,endingtheholidayasyoubeginanewyeartogether.Fortwocontinuousyears,I’vechosenUjamaaasmyprincipleoftheday.It’stheprincipleofcooperativeeconomics,andtomeitmeansinvestinginandsupportingblack-ownedbusinesses.MymainreasonforchoosingUjamaaisthatitisalsothenameofthestoreintheHillDistrictthatgavemethe____35____tovisitGhana.【答案】26.C27.D28.B29.H30.E31.J32.I33.G34.F35.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述如何庆祝宽扎节以及宽扎节的来历和习俗等。【26题详解】考查现在分词。句意：回归之年标志着被奴役的非洲人踏上美国土地400周年。分析句子可知，设空处用来修饰名词year作定语，和名词之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，根据句意，应用marking

11，意为“标志”。故选C。【27题详解】考查过去分词。句意：我加入了匹兹堡公立学校(PittsburghPublicSchool)的非裔美国人高级研究中心(AfricanAmericanCenterforadvancedStudies)执行委员会，充分接触到了宽扎节的传统。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语的一部分，可知为被动语态，应用过去分词，根据句意，可知为exposed，意为“使接触”，beexposedto“接触”。故选D。【28题详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个节日和丰收节很像，是由非裔美国人毛拉·卡林加(MaulanaKarenga)教授发明的，目的是在1965年瓦茨骚乱之后，庆祝、重视和团结黑人社区。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语的一部分，可知为被动语态，应用过去分词，根据句意，可知为invented，意为“发明”。故选B。【29题详解】考查动名词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处同celebrating和unifying共同作介词of的宾语，应用动名词，根据句意可知为valuing，意为“重视”，故选H。【30题详解】考查过去分词。句意：它在12月26日到1月1日的那一周庆祝。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语的一部分，可知为被动语态，应用过去分词，根据句意，可知为celebrated，意为“庆祝”。故选E。【31题详解】考查过去分词。句意：在节日期间，我们首先阅读节日相关内容，学习宽扎节七天的七条原则。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词principles作定语，和名词之间为被动结构，应用过去分词，根据句意，可知为assigned，意为“分配”。故选J。【32题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每根蜡烛也代表斯瓦希里七项原则中的一项。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语也要用第三人称单数，根据句意可知为represents，意为“代表”，故选I。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：第一根蜡烛“ummoja”代表团结；Kujichaguli，自决；Ujima，集体工作与责任；Ujamaa，合作经济学；Nia，目的；Kummba，创造力；和Imani，信仰。分析句子可知设空处同collectivework共同作standsfor的宾语，应用名词，根据句意可知为responsibility，意为“责任”，故选G。【34题详解】考查副词。句意：在宽扎节的七个晚上，人们通常会讲故事。分析句子可知，设空处修饰tellstories作状语，应用副词，根据句意可知为typically，意为“通常，典型地”，故选F。

12【35题详解】考查副词。句意：我选择Ujamaa的主要原因是，它也是让我有机会访问加纳的希尔区商店的名称。分析句子可知，设空处为动词give的宾语，应用名词，根据句意可知为opportunity，意为“机会”，故选A。III.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtohumans.Buttheyconstantly___36___researcherswith social behaviorthatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganizationand ___37___ practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”Adominantmaleandfemalebreed,andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterby___38___familymemberswhothenaren’tfreetobreedthemselves.Anewstudyfurther ___39___ themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablecommunityvalues.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerouslywithlittleones ___40___ thanwhenthey’resurroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothercommunitymembers.Incomplexsocietieswhereindividualsbandtogetherformutual protection,researchershavecomeupwithafewwidelyacceptedexplanationsfor___41___behavior.Butspecificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)withabeggingbabymarmoset,seemtoneedmorespecific explanation.Onepossibilityisthatanindividualpractices ___42___asameansofenhancinghisstatusamongpeers.By presenting thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.That,inturn,may ___43___ prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationforcharitablebehavior ___44___ thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgroupmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate._____45_____tosharewouldresultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof potential partners.Scientistscallthisthe“paytostay”model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)_____46_____.Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.Andyet,in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14babymarmosets,the _____47_____appearedtobetrue.Anthropologists(人类学家)fromtheUniversityofZurichcarefullydocumentedhowoften,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverandbabyseparatedfromthecrowd,anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewithababy_____48_____forataste,adultmarmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Wheninagroup,

13caregiversoffereduptheircricket67%ofthetime.”Ourresultsshowthathelpingincommonmarmosetsisnotdrivenby_____49_____managementor punishment avoidance,“thestudyauthorsreported.Rather,itisdrivenbyadeep-down______50______tohelpthatismore stronglyexpressedwhenindividualsarealonewithyoung.”36.A.comfortB.astonishC.alarmD.convince37.A.evolvingB.communicatingC.organizingD.parenting38.A.extendedB.extensiveC.exclusiveD.enlarged39.A.shinesB.damagesC.affectsD.protests40.A.atplayB.inprivateC.onscheduleD.byaccident41.A.selfishB.reluctantC.selflessD.negative42.A.generosityB.wisdomC.independenceD.governance43.A.countonB.goafterC.appealtoD.benefitfrom44.A.confirmsB.ensuresC.complainsD.assumes45.A.EffortB.TemptationC.FailureD.Promise46.A.atmosphereB.audienceC.feedbackD.judge47.A.statisticsB.expectationC.resultD.opposite48.A.stretchingB.fightingC.beggingD.striving49.A.prizeB.fortuneC.awardD.reputation50.A.motivationB.considerationC.invitationD.creation【答案】36.B37.D38.A39.A40.B41.C42.A43.C44.D45.C46.B47.D48.C49.D50.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了科学家通过研究表明狨猴能跟其他小的狨猴分享食物的原因，科学家提出了几种假设，并对其进行研究分析。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它们的社会行为似乎是高度进化的，这经常让研究人员感到惊讶。A.comfort安慰，宽慰；B.astonish使惊讶；C.alarm报警，使惊恐；D.convince使信服。根据上文“Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtohumans.”和but可知，此处表示他们地行为似乎是高度进化地这件事让研究人员感到惊讶。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的社会组织和教育实践可以成为“举全村之力”这句话的典范。A.evolving

14进化；B.communicating交流；C.organizing组织；D.parenting养育。根据下文“theirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterby___3___familymembers”可知，此处指教养孩子的行为。故选D。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种占主导地位的雄性和雌性繁殖，它们的孩子由大家庭成员精心照顾，而这些成员无法自由繁殖。A.extended延长了的，扩展了的；B.extensive广阔的，广泛的；C.exclusive独有的，排外的；D.enlarged放大的，增大的。根据“whothenaren’tfreetobreedthemselves.”可知，此处指孩子由没有繁殖能力的家庭成员抚养。故选A。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究进一步彰显了绒猴在令人钦佩的社区价值观方面的声誉。A.shines发光，使突出；B.damages损害，伤害；C.affects影响；D.protests抗议。根据“further”和“themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablecommunityvalues”可知，这个新的研究进一步突出了绒猴在令人钦佩的社区价值观方面的声誉。故选A。【40题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：研究人员报告说，这些照顾者私下里会更慷慨地与幼崽分享食物，而不是在其他社区成员的注视下。A.atplay在玩耍，在游戏；B.inprivate私下地；C.onschedule准时；D.byaccident偶然。根据“thanwhenthey’resurroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothercommunitymembers.”可知，此处是与在其他社区成员的注视下进行对比，因此是指“私下里”。故选B。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在个人联合起来共同保护的复杂社会中，研究人员对无私行为提出了一些广为接受的解释。A.selfish自私的；B.reluctant不情愿的；C.selfless无私的；D.negative消极的。根据上文“thesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerously”可知，此处表示研究人员认为他们的行为是无私的。故选C。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种可能是，一个人通过慷慨来提高自己在同龄人中的地位。A.generosity慷慨，大方；B.wisdom智慧；C.independence独立；D.governance管理，统治。根据上文“thesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerously”可知，此处表示他们可能想通过这种慷慨的行为来提高自己的地位。故选A。【43题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：反过来，这可能会吸引未来的配偶。A.counton指望，依靠；B.goafter追逐；C.appealto吸引；D.benefitfrom从……中受益。根据上文“By presenting thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.

15”可知，这样的行为会吸引未来的配偶。故选C。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对慈善行为的另一种解释肯定了，延伸给他人的善意只是团体成员的费用，这提供了一些未来交配机会的承诺。A.confirms证实；B.ensures确定，保证；C.complains抱怨；D.assures确保。根据“thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgroupmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate.”可知，这里表示是可以确定的另一种解释。故选D。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不分享将导致被排除在小组之外，并失去潜在的合作伙伴。A.Effort努力；B.Temptation诱惑；C.Failure失败；D.Promise承诺。根据“resultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof potential partners.”可知，不分享将会导致被小组成员排斥。故选C。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是，这两种模式要想起作用，善举必须有观众。A.atmosphere气氛，氛围；B.audience观众；C.feedback反馈；D.judge判断，评判。根据下文“Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.”可知，此处表示这样的善举必须有观众。故选B。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在对31只成年狨猴和14只幼小狨猴进行的2581项测试中，情况似乎正好相反。A.statistics数据；B.expectation期待；C.result结果；D.opposite反面。根据“Andyet”可知，此处表示接下来要描述的内容刚好与上文相反。故选D。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年狨猴单独与求食的幼猴在一起时，85%的时间里它们会分享蟋蟀。A.stretching伸展，延申；B.fighting战斗；C.begging乞求；D.striving努力，奋斗。根据上文“likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)withabeggingbabymarmoset”可知，此处是信息词begging的词汇复现。故选C。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，普通狨猴的帮助行为不是出于声誉管理或逃避惩罚，“研究作者报告说，它是由一种深层次的动机驱动的，这种动机在它们单独与幼猴在一起时表现得更强烈。”A.prize奖品；B.fortune命运，运气；C.award奖励；D.reputation名声，名誉。根据上文“Anewstudyfurther ___4___ themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablecommunityvalues.”可知，此处是信息词reputation的词汇复现。故选D。【50题详解】

16考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，普通狨猴的帮助行为不是出于声誉管理或逃避惩罚，“研究作者报告说，它是由一种深层次的动机驱动的，这种动机在它们单独与幼猴在一起时表现得更强烈。”A.motivation动机；B.consideration仔细考虑，斟酌；C.invitation邀请；D.creation创造。根据“drivenbyadeep-down”可知，此处表示它是由一种深层次的动机驱动的。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersatMIThavetakenitastepfurther–changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglowinexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource–suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.51.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____.A.AnewstudyofdifferentplantsB.AbigfallincrimeratesC.EmployeesfromvariousworkplacesD.Benefitsfromgreenplants52.ThefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineersis_____.

17A.todetectplants'lackofwaterB.tochangecompositionsofplantsC.tomakethelifeofplantslongerD.totestchemicalsinplants53.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Themoreplants,thelesscrimeinthecity.B.Thecompositionofplantswillbechangedtoperformunusualfunctions.C.Thevegetablesareexpectedtobeusedtolighttheroominthefuture.D.Theengineerswillswitchofftheplantswhentheyareexposedtodaylight.【答案】51.D52.A53.C54.D【解析】本文是说明文，文章主要说明了绿色植物对于人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了这种植物的过程以及这种植物的一些优势。【51题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.”（例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化区域的犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时，他们的工作效率提高了15%。）可知，第一段主要在讲关于绿色植物的益处。故选D项。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.”（）其中包括一种植物，它们的叶子上印有传感器，可以显示它们是否缺水，还有一种植物可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。）可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况，故选A项。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”（发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节省能源。）可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗，故选C项。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwould

18fadewhenexposedtodaylight.”（工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当光线暴露在日光下时，光芒就会减弱。）此处表示光芒会减弱，而不是关闭植物，故D项描述错误，故选D项。(B)WILDETHEATREBOOKING-inpersonTheBoxOfficeisopenMondaytoSaturday,10am-8pm.-bypostStatingtheperformanceandchoiceofseats,enclosingacheque,postalorder,oryourcreditcarddetailstoWildeTheatreBoxOffice,POBox220,EarnestStreet.AllchequesshouldbemadepayabletoWildeTheatre.-bytelephoneRing0844-847-2484toreserveyourticketsortopaybycreditcard(UnionPayandMasterCardaccepted)-onlineCompletetheon-linebookingformatwww.wildetheatre.com.DISCOUNTSSaver:$2offanyseatbookedanytimeinadvanceforperformancesfromMondaytoThursdayinclusive,andforallmatinees(下午场).Saversareavailableforchildrenupto16yearsold,over60’sandfull-timestudents.Supersaver:half-priceseatsareavailableforpeoplewithdisabilitiesandonecompanion.Itisadvisabletobookinadvance.Thereisamaximumofeightwheelchairspacesavailableandonwheelchairspacewillbehelduntilonehourbeforetheshow(subjecttoavailability)Standby:bestavailableseatsareonsalefor$6fromonehourbeforetheperformanceforpeopleeligible(有资格的)forSaverandSupersaverdiscountsandthirtyminutesbeforeforallothercustomers.GroupBookings:thereisatenpercentdiscountforpartiesoftwelveormore.Schools:schoolpartiesoftenormorecanbook$9ticketsinadvanceandwillgeteverytenthticketfree.*Pleasenote:weareunabletoexchangeticketsorrefundmoneyunlessaperformanceiscancelledduetounforeseencircumstance.55.Whenbookingbypost,youcanpayforaticketby______.A.visitingthewebsiteofapostofficeB.goingtoyourlocalbankinpersonC.enclosingyourMasterCardinanenvelopeD.providingyourcreditcardinformation56.Whatbenefitcanbookersenjoyaccordingtothetext?

19A.Apartyofnineadultsgoingtoaperformancecanbook$9tickets.B.Agroupoftwelvestudentsthatbookinadvancepay$108intotalforaperformance.C.Someoneaccompanyingawheelchairusertoaperformancereceivesadiscount.D.A15-year-oldteenagercanget$2offanyseatbookedinadvanceformatineesonly.57.Accordingtothetext,______cangetStandbyticket.Afull-timestudentsbuyingticketsonehourandahalfaheadofaperformanceB.65-year-oldsbuyingticketsforty-fiveminutesbeforeaperformancebeginsC.bookerswhoareunexpectedlyunabletobepresentataperformanceD.alltheatre-goerswhobuysticketsonehourbeforeaperformancebegins【答案】55.D56.C57.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了王尔德剧院关于订票和折扣价等相关信息。【55题详解】细节理解题。根据-bypost中“(请注明演出内容及座位选择，并附上支票、邮政汇票或信用卡信息，寄往诚恳街220号邮政信箱王尔德剧院售票处)”可知，当通过邮寄预订一张票时，你可以通过提供你的信用卡信息来支付。故选D项。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据Supersaver中“half-priceseatsareavailableforpeoplewithdisabilitiesandonecompanion.(残障人士及其一名同伴享受半价优惠)”可知，陪同轮椅使用者去看演出的人可以得到折扣。故选C项。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据Saver中“Saversareavailableforchildrenupto16yearsold,over60’sandfull-timestudents.(折扣价适用于16岁以下的儿童、60岁以上的老人和全日制学生)”以及根据Standby中“bestavailableseatsareonsalefor$6fromonehourbeforetheperformanceforpeopleeligible(有资格的)forSaverandSupersaverdiscountsandthirtyminutesbeforeforallothercustomers.(有优惠和超级优惠资格的人，在演出前一小时开始可以以$6的价格出售获得最佳座位，其他顾客可在演出前30分钟购买)”可知，65岁的人在演出开始前45分钟买票可以买到备用票。故选B项。(C)Likeotherpandemicsandemergingdiseaseoutbreaks,COVID-19iscreatingimmensepsychosocialdisturbances.Thediseaseinvolvesanunfamiliarthreatthatisdifficulttodetectandchallengingtodistinguishfrommorebenignillnesses.Dynamicpandemicconditionswilldrawouttheanxiety.Thingswillgetworsebeforethey

20getbetter.Avaccineabsent,non-pharmaceutical(非药物的)interventionsaretheonlywaytopreventinfections,andtheydramaticallyupseteverydaybodilyhabits,socialinteractionsandeconomicexchanges.Recentgrocerystorerunsareasignofconcerninthecommunity.Personalactionstoavoidinfectionsuchasstockinghandsanitizeralsopresentasenseofcontroloveranuncertaindanger.Improvementstocurrentriskcommunicationcanalleviate（减轻）widespreaddistress.Topelectedofficialsandhealthauthoritiesshouldempathizewithpeople’sfear,normalizestressreactions,provideclearguidanceonrecommendedhealthbehaviours,andinstructinconcreteprotectionsincludingthoseformentalhealth.However,moreinterventionsareessentialbecausespecificgroupsareatahigherriskofbothacuteandlingeringemotionaldistress.Healthcareworkersontheepidemicfrontlinesfacecompoundingstressors:theprospectofmoreandlongershifts,finitesuppliesofpersonalprotectiveequipment,fearofbringinginfectionhome,witnessingco-workersbecomingill,andmakingtoughallocationdecisionsaboutscarce,lifesavingresourceslikemechanicalventilators(通风设备).Exposedindividualsconfrontapotentialfallofchallengingcircumstances.Toprotectothers,theymayenterastateofself-quarantine.Duringtheincubationperiod(潜伏期),theymustlivewithuncertaintyandlimitphysicalcontactwithotherswhiletryingtomaintainsocialconnectedness.Lessincome-generatingactivitiesandunmetobligationstootherscanincreasethestress.Infectedindividualsmaybecomesick,experiencealengthyconvalescence(康复期),feelsurvivor’sguilt,andbeavoideddespiteacompleterecovery.Forpeoplewithpre-existingmentalhealthconditions,apandemiccanfurtherheightentheiranxiousthoughtsandcompulsivebehaviours.Previouslymanagedsymptomscanflareup,requiringadditionalcarebeyondwhatwassufficientbeforethecrisis.58.Theunderlinedword“benign”isclosestinmeaningto______.A.friendlytotheenvironmentB.mildandfavourableC.notharmfulineffectD.notcausedbycancer59.Accordingtothepassage,thepandemiccan______.A.putenormousstressonhealthcareworkersonlyB.createimmensepsychosocialdisturbancesC.definitelyalleviatetheanxietyD.imposecompulsivebehavioursonhealthypeople60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Vaccineistheonlyeffectivewayavailabletopreventinfections.B.Personalactionslikestockingcanhelpkeepthepandemicincontrol.

21C.ThementalcrisiscausedbyCOVID-19shouldbetreatedequallywiththephysicalone.D.Thehealthcareworkersaremainlyconfrontedwithtemporaryemotionalstress.61.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewKindofVirusB.SelflessHealthCareWorkersC.OnExperiencingCoronavirusInfectionD.COVID-19’sPsychosocialImpacts【答案】58.C59.B60.C61.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了COVID-19（新型冠状病毒肺炎）给社会带来的极大的心理上的伤害。【58题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Thediseaseinvolvesanunfamiliarthreatthatisdifficulttodetectandchallengingtodistinguishfrombenignillnesses.（这种疾病涉及一种不熟悉的、难以发现的，并且很难与其他benign疾病区分开来的威胁）”可知，这种疾病涉及一种不熟悉的难以发现的威胁，复杂且危害性大，由此可猜测这种疾病应是很难与其他“良性”的疾病区分开来，两者形成对比。“benign”意思是实际上无害。故选C项。【59题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Likeotherpandemicsandemergingdiseaseoutbreaks,COVID-19iscreatingimmensepsychosocialdisturbances.（与其它大流行病和新出现的疾病爆发一样，新型冠状病毒肺炎正在造成巨大的社会心理干扰）”可知，流行病可以造成巨大的社会心理障碍。故选B项。【60题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段总领句“Likeotherpandemicsandemergingdiseaseoutbreaks,COVID-19iscreatingimmensepsychosocialdisturbances.（与其它大流行病和新出现的疾病爆发一样，新型冠状病毒肺炎正在造成巨大的社会心理干扰）”，以及“theydramaticallyupseteverydaybodilyhabits,socialinteractionsandeconomicexchanges（它们极大地打乱了日常的身体习惯，社会互动和经济交流）”，再结合下文与“新型冠状病毒肺炎引起的心理伤害”相关内容可知，本文主要讲COVID-19给社会带来的心理上的伤害，极大地打乱了我们日常的身体习惯，社会互动和经济交流。其危害不亚于生理上带来的危害，由此可推测COVID-19（新型冠状病毒肺炎）引起的心理危机应该同对待身体危机一样对待，要引起足够的重视。故选C项。【61题详解】主旨大意题。由文章总领句“Likeotherpandemicsandemergingdiseaseoutbreaks,COVID-19iscreatingimmensepsychosocialdisturbances.（与其它大流行病和新出现的疾病爆发一样，新型冠状病毒肺炎正在造成巨大的社会心理干扰、影响）”，结合下文围绕此主题展开的内容可知，本文主要讲COVID-19

22给社会带来的心理上的伤害。由于文章标题是彰显文章主要内容的，所以D项“COVID-19’sPsychosocialImpacts（COVID-19在心理方面的影响）”表述符合题意，最适合作文章标题。故选D项。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TheWorldNeedsZoosZOOSplayanimportantroleintheworldforconservationandeducation.Theyareparticularlyimportantforendangeredspecies.Manyanimalsarecriticallyendangeredandmaygoextinctinthewild,butinzoos,theyaregoingstrong.Manyothersarealreadyextinctinthewildandonlysurvivethankstopopulationskeptincaptivity(圈养).Eventhosecriticalofzoosoftenrecognizethatitisbettertohavespeciespreservedsomewherethanlosethemaltogether.____62____Takethering-tailedlemur(环尾狐猴)ofMadagascarforexample.Thisanimalisalmostubiquitousinzoosastheybreedwellincaptivityandthepublicarefondofthem.However,despitetheirhighnumbersincollectionsaroundtheworld,theyarethemostthreatenedmammaliangroupontheplanet.Arecentsurveysuggeststhatupto95percentofthewildpopulationshavebeenlostsince2000.____63____Onebadyearoranewdiseasecouldwipeoutthosethatareleft.Suchtrendsarenotisolated.Thegiraffeisanotherverycommonspeciesinzoos.Unlikethelemurs,giraffesarewidespreadinthecountriesacrossmuchofsub-SaharanAfrica.Yetgiraffepopulationshavegonedownbyathirdinthelastthirtyyears.Whilelessdramaticthanthedropinlemurnumbers,thisisobviouslyamajorlossandagain,wholepopulations(whichsomescientiststhinkareofuniquesubspecies)areonthevergeofextinction.____64____Ongoingandfutureissuesfromclimatechangecanhaveunexpectedeffectsonwildlife.Itwillbecomemoredifficultforconservationiststopredictwhichspeciesmightbeatrisk.Asitis,expertsarestrugglingtocontinuemonitoringthespeciesthatarealreadyknowntobevulnerable,soitiseasytoseewhycommonspeciesmightbeoverlooked.Peoplemightnottakeagreatlocallossseriouslyontheassumptionthattheseanimalsareheavilypopulatedelsewhere.Therewill,Isuspect,alwaysberesistancetotheargumentforkeepinganimalsincaptivityandIwillnotdefendthezoosthatarebadandindesperateneedofimprovementorclosure.____65____Ifevencommonspeciescanloseahugepercentageoftheirpopulationsinafewyears,itmaybetoolatetosavethemwitheventhebestbreedingprogramsorconservationeffortsinthewild.A.Sowecanseemanyendangeredanimalslivinginzoos.B.Thisisatrendthatisonlylikelytocontinue.

23CThismeansthattheremainingindividualsareatseriousrisk.D.Infact,speciesthatarecommoncanalsocomeunderseriousthreatbeforepeoplerealizeit.E.Butunfortunatelythatisnotalwaysthecase.F.Butifwewishtokeepanyrealmeasureofbiodiversityontheplanet,wemayhavetoleanonzoosfarmorethanmanyrealize.【答案】62.D63.C64.B65.F【解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了对于濒危的动物是否需要动物园进行圈养，从而对其保护。【62题详解】由空格下一段所举的事例“Takethering-tailedlemurofMadagascarforexample.Thisanimalisalmostubiquitousinzoosastheybreedwellincaptivityandthepublicarefondofthem.However,despitetheirhighnumbersincollectionsaroundtheworld,theyarethemostthreatenedmammaliangroupontheplanet.(以马达加斯加的环尾狐猴为例。这种动物在动物园里几乎无处不在，因为它们在圈养条件下繁殖良好，公众喜欢它们。然而，尽管它们在世界各地的收藏数量很多，但它们是地球上最受威胁的哺乳动物群体。)”可知，即便是动物园里数量最多，最受欢迎的动物，在自然界中依然也受到威胁。由此推断出，前一句的观点应该是即便是常见的动物也会处于危险之中。D项Infact,speciesthatarecommoncanalsocomeunderseriousthreatbeforepeoplerealizeit.(事实上，在人们意识到之前，常见的物种也会受到严重的威胁)可以引出下文。故此题选D。【63题详解】根据空格前一句“Arecentsurveysuggeststhatupto95percentofthewildpopulationshavebeenlostsince2000.(最近的一项调查显示，自2000年以来，多达95%的野生种群已经消失)”可知，95%的野生种群已经消失。又结合空格后一句“Onebadyearoranewdiseasecouldwipeoutthosethatareleft.(糟糕的一年或一个新的疾病可能会消灭那些剩下的)”可知，剩下的野生种群的情况十分危急。由此可知，空格处应该讲述剩下的野生种群的情况也很糟糕。那么C项Thismeansthattheremainingindividualsareatseriousrisk.(这意味着剩下的有严重的危险)承上启下。故此题选C。【64题详解】根据空格前一句“Whilelessdramaticthanthedropinlemurnumbers,thisisobviouslyamajorlossandagain,wholepopulations(whichsomescientiststhinkareofuniquesubspecies)areonthevergeofextinction.(虽然没有狐猴数量下降那么明显，但这显然是一个重大损失，而且整个种群（一些科学家认为是独特的亚种）都濒临灭绝)”可知，通过长颈鹿的例子论证到野生动物处于危险之中。又根据空格后一句“Ongoingandfuture

24issuesfromclimatechangecanhaveunexpectedeffectsonwildlife.(气候变化带来的持续和未来问题可能会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响)”可知，气候变化和未来问题也会让野生动物处于危险之中。由此可知，横线处应该讲述，野生动物这种糟糕的情况不会得到改善，甚至会加剧。那么B项Thisisatrendthatisonlylikelytocontinue.(这种趋势只可能持续下去)承上启下。故此题选B。【65题详解】根据空格前一句“Therewill,Isuspect,alwaysberesistancetotheargumentforkeepinganimalsincaptivityandIwillnotdefendthezoosthatarebadandindesperateneedofimprovementorclosure.(对于圈养动物的论点，总会有人反对，我也不会为那些糟糕的、急需改善或关闭的动物园辩护)”可知，有人对于圈养持反对态度。但空格后一句“Ifevencommonspeciescanloseahugepercentageoftheirpopulationsinafewyears,itmaybetoolatetosavethemwitheventhebestbreedingprogramsorconservationeffortsinthewild.(如果即使是普通物种也能在几年内失去大量的种群，那么即使是最好的繁殖计划或野生保护措施也可能为时已晚)”可知，作者对于圈养是持支持态度的。由此可知，横线处存在转折关系。故F项Butifwewishtokeepanyrealmeasureofbiodiversityontheplanet,wemayhavetoleanonzoosfarmorethanmanyrealize.(但是，如果我们想真正衡量地球上的生物多样性，我们可能不得不依赖动物园，这远远超出了许多人的认识)起到了转折关系，承上启下。故此题选F。IV.ProductiveGrammar(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RiverCleanupDrawsPraise阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AwalkalongShanghai’sSuzhouCreekwas,formuchofthe20thcentury,bestundertakenwithahandkerchiefcoveredfirmlyoverthenose.Liquidwastefromfactoriespoureddirectlyintoitswaters.Forthemulti-generationalfamilieswholivedinthesmallboatsthatcrowdeditswatersfrombanktobank,ithadlongdoubledasasourceofpublicdrinkingwaterandasewer.Infectiousdiseases___66___(spread)throughouttheareaasaresultofwaterpollution.SuzhouCreekhastakenonanentirelynewlookinrecentyears.Theonce-smellyanddisease-riddenriverside___67___(make)intoanewdestinationforshopping,strollingandliving.Itiswell-equipped___68___(join)thelikesofParis’sCanalSaint-Martinasanagreeableurbanwaterfront.TherestorationofSuzhouCreekdatesbackto1993,___69___asewagetreatmentplantbecameoperational.Theplantwasabletocollectaround1.4millioncubicmetersofwastewaterwithinurbanareaseveryday.Since

252002,withthecapabilitiesofthesewagetreatmentsystemconstantly___70___(upgrade),themainstreamofthecreekhasbeencleansedofitsblackandsmellypollutants.Duringthepastsixyears,waterqualitythroughoutthesystemhasalsobeengreatlyimprovedbythecleanupofover2,000riverways___71___thecity.Residentsweredelightedtoseeduckweedandfreshwaterfishreturntoitswaters.ResearchfromtheU.N.EnvironmentProgramrevealsthathalfoftheworld’s500largestrivershavebeenseriouslydepletedorpolluted.Thecomprehensivecleanupprojectforthe125-kilometer-longSuzhouCreekisanexampletheworld___72___follow,saidareportreleasedduringthefourthsessionoftheU.N.EnvironmentAssemblyinMarch.StageFouroftheSuzhouCreekrestorationprojectisinfullswing.Itsaimistomakethecreek’swaterfront___73___(inviting)tothepublic.___74___thisiscertainlyanobleaim,heritageadvocatesareworriedthattracesofShanghai’sdaysasatreatyportaregettingerasedintheprocess.However,accordingtothechiefdesignerMichaelGrove,“Allthehistoricstructureswillbepreservedandreused,mainlyforculturalpurposes.”Asamodel,hepointstothesuccessfultransitionofadisusedtextilemillintothepopularM50artsdistrict,awarren(道路错综复杂的区域)ofcontemporaryartgalleriesthatliesfurtherupthecreek.ThatmeansvisitorswillstillbeabletostrollSuzhouCreekfromthe1911GardenBridgetothe1924PostOffice,____75____(enjoy)acheerfullydilapidated(年久失修的)partofthemetropolisthathas,againstallodds,retainedtheessenceofoldShanghai.Minus,ofcourse,thestink(恶臭).【答案】66.spread67.isbeingmade/hasbeenmade68.tojoin69.when70.beingupgraded71.across/in72.can/should73.moreinviting74.While/Though/Although75.enjoying【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海苏州河过去的污染和近些年来对它的治理和改造。【66题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：由于水污染，传染病在这一地区蔓延开来。这里在讲述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，所给词spread的过去式是spread。故填spread。

26【67题详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态。句意：这条曾经臭气熏天、疾病肆虐的河边正被改造成购物、散步和生活的新去处。句子主语Theonce-smellyanddisease-riddenriverside和make之间是被动关系，再根据句意可知句子用现在进行时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态。故填isbeingmade/hasbeenmade。【68题详解】考查不定式。句意：它设施齐全，可以和巴黎的圣马丁运河(CanalSaint-Martin)一样，成为令人愉快的城市海滨。此处是be+形容词+todo的用法。故填tojoin。【69题详解】考查定语从句。句意：苏州河的修复始于1993年，当时一个污水处理厂开始运营。此处1993是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。【70题详解】考查现在分词的被动式作宾语补足语。句意：随着污水处理系统的不断升级，这条小溪的主流已清除了黑臭污染物。这里是with的独立主格结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中宾语thecapabilities和upgrade之间是被动关系，且表示“正在被升级”，所以用现在分词的被动式作宾语补足语。故填beingupgraded。【71题详解】考查介词。句意：在过去的六年里，整个系统的水质也通过清理城市的2000多条河流得到了极大的改善。介词短语：across/inthecity“在城市中”，在句中作地点状语。故填across/in。【72题详解】考查情态动词。句意：在联合国第四届会议上发布的一份报告称，125公里长的苏州河的全面清理工程是世界可以/应该效仿的榜样。情态动词can在肯定句中可以表示一种客观事实的“可能，可以”；情态动词should也可以表示对未来的预测或可能。故填can/should。【73题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：它的目的是使小溪的海滨更吸引公众。此处inviting是形容词，意思是“有吸引力的”；清理河流就是为了让它对公众“更有吸引力”，结合上文，这里应该用形容词比较级。故填moreinviting。【74题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这当然是一个崇高的目标，但遗产倡导者担心，上海作为通商口岸的历史痕迹会在这个过程中被抹去。这里是While/Though/Although引导的让步状语从句，意思是“尽管，虽然”。置于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。【75题详解】

27考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：这意味着游客仍然可以从1911年的花园桥到1924年的邮局漫步苏州河，享受这座大都市年久失修的部分，尽管困难重重，但仍然保留了老上海的精髓。句中Thatmeans是主句部分，宾语从句的主语visitors和enjoy之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语。故填enjoying。V.Translation(20分3+4+4+4+5)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.76.学校领导将讨论是否在一年级新生中启用新教材。（debate）(汉译英）【答案】Theschoolauthoritywilldebatewhetherornottoapplythenewtextbookstothefreshmen/thefirstyearstudents.【解析】【详解】考查时态和连接词。表示“学校领导”用theschoolauthority，表示“讨论”应用debate，此处表达将讨论，需要用一般将来时态，即willdeabte，宾语部分是applythenewtextbookstothefreshmen/thefirstyearstudents，宾语部分由连接词whetherornot连接，故翻译为Theschoolauthoritywilldebatewhetherornottoapplythenewtextbookstothefreshmen/thefirstyearstudents.77.专家们说，父母们应当鼓励孩子们提升积极参与各类活动意识。（involve）(汉译英）【答案】Expertssaythatparents(should)encouragetheirchildrentoraisetheirawarenessofgettingactivelyinvolvedinactivitiesofdifferentkinds.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。分析句子可知，时态是一般现在时。主句主语为“专家们”，应用名词复数experts，谓语为“说”，应用动词say，宾语为that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句的主语为“父母”，应用名词parents，谓语为“应当鼓励”，应用动词(should)encourage，宾语为“孩子们”，应用名词theirchildren；“鼓励某人做某事”是encouragesb.todosth.，表示“积极参与”应用动词短语getactivelyinvolvedin。故翻译为Expertssaythatparents(should)encouragetheirchildrentoraisetheirawarenessofgettingactivelyinvolvedinactivitiesofdifferentkinds。78.思维方式因人而异，所以不要让我仓促做决定,而是要给我一些时间。（rushv.）(汉译英）【答案】Wayofthinkingvariesfrompersontoperson,sodon’trushmeintomakingadecision.Instead,pleaseallowmesometime.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词、固定短语与祈使句。“思维方式”翻译为wayofthinking

28，“因人而异”即为“人与人之间不同”，动词的“不同”可使用differ/vary，“人与人之间”使用frompersontoperson，本句为一般现在时。“使（某人）仓促做，使（某人）草率做”的结构为rushsb.intodoingsth.，“做决定”是makeadecision，最后一小句实为祈使句，“给我一些时间”可运用动词allow，构成allowmesometime。此外注意衔接词的使用，“所以”可用so，“而是”表转折，此处用instead衔接较为自然。综上，故翻译为：Wayofthinkingvariesfrompersontoperson,sodon’trushmeintomakingadecision.Instead,pleaseallowmesometime.79.该男子想方设法回避谈及这个话题，这就逼迫警方对此事件不得不展开调查。（which）(汉译英）【答案】Themantriedhardtoavoidtalkingabouttheissue,whichforcedthepolicetoinvestigatethecase.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句，短语和动词。分析可知，句子主语是“该男子”表达为Theman，谓语“设法做某事”表达为trytodosth，“回避谈及这个话题”表达为avoidtalkingabout；后半句“这”指代前面的内容，可以用非限制性定语从句，用which引导，在从句中作主语，从句的谓语为“迫使某人去做某事”表达为forcesbtodosth，根据语境可知时态为一般过去时，再根据其他汉语意思，故翻译为Themantriedhardtoavoidtalkingabouttheissue,whichforcedthepolicetoinvestigatethecase.80.结果证明，外来务工人员能够快速适应城市的快节奏生活，并为城市的繁荣兴旺做出了巨大贡献。（adjust）(汉译英）【答案】Itturnsoutthatmigrantworkerscanquicklyadjust(themselves)tothefastpaceofthecityandmakegreatcontributionstotheprosperityofthecity.【解析】【详解】考查固定句式、动词短语和名词。分析句子可知，时态是一般现在时。表示“结果证明”可用固定句式Itturnsoutthat...；表示“外来务工人员”应用名词复数形式migrantworkers，谓语动词是“能够快速适应”和“做出了巨大贡献”，分别用动词短语adjust(themselves)to和makegreatcontributionsto；宾语分别为“城市的快节奏生活”和“城市的繁荣兴旺”，应用名词短语thefastpaceofthecity和theprosperityofthecity。故翻译为Itturnsoutthatmigrantworkerscanquicklyadjust(themselves)tothefastpaceofthecityandmakegreatcontributionstotheprosperityofthecity。VI.Guidedwriting(15分）81.Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayexplainingaroundthetopic“Whyitisunwisetojudgeapersonbyhisappearance.”Youareexpectedtowrite100wordsforatleastTWOreasonstoillustrateyourpoint.Theopeningandclosingparagraphsaredoneforyou,andyoustartwithyourexplanation.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatthecriteriaofjudgingapersonareextremelycomplex.Variousasthestandardsmightbe,judgingapersonbyappearanceisthemostunreliableone.Weneedtogobeyondhislooks

29anddressesandfocusonmoreprofoundaspectssoastotrulyknowaperson.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Toconclude,appearancejudgingishighlyundependable,butall-roundpersonalcontacttalks.Thoughcarefulobservationandconstantinteractionwiththepersonmaycosttimeandenergy,theyreallyyieldusincalculableadvantages.【答案】Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatthecriteriaofjudgingapersonareextremelycomplex.Variousasthestandardsmightbe,judgingapersonbyappearanceisthemostunreliableone.Weneedtogobeyondhislooksanddressesandfocusonmoreprofoundaspectssoastotrulyknowaperson.Ontheotherhand,onecan’tchoosetheirexternalappearance,buttheirthoughtandbehavior.Judgingothersbasedontheirexternalappearancealsomeansthatyoulackofrespectandadmirationtothem.ItwillbeunfairtopeoplewhoborndisabledlikeMr.Beethoven,afamouscomposerwithhisdeafness.Butthereisnodoubtthatheisagreatcomposer.Ontheotherhand,adeepunderstandingofapersonrequiresalargeamountoftimeandenergy.Apersonwhodressedinoldjeansandtennisshoesdoesn’thavetobepoor;hemightpreferthecomfortoftheoldjeansandtheshoestothediscomfortofhighheelsandthebusinesssuit.Peopleshouldmakeuseofthecontacttalksandthuslookbeyondsuperficialappearance.Toconclude,appearancejudgingishighlyundependable,butall-roundpersonalcontacttalks.Thoughcarefulobservationandconstantinteractionwiththepersonmaycosttimeandenergy,theyreallyyieldusincalculableadvantages.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生写一篇议论文，分析为什么“以貌取人是不明智的”。详解】第一步：审题体裁：议论文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总-分-总要求：1.与前后文连贯；

302.至少有两个理由来说明观点。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）externalappearance；basedon；lackof；thereisnodoubtthat…；agreatcomposer；adeepunderstandingof；alargeamountof；bedressedin；prefer…to…；highheels；makeuseof第三步：连词成句1.Ontheotherhand,onecan’tchoosetheirexternalappearance,buttheirthoughtandbehavior.2.Judgingothersbasedontheirexternalappearancealsomeansthatyoulackofrespectandadmirationtothem.3.ItwillbeunfairtopeoplewhoborndisabledlikeMr.Beethoven,afamouscomposerwithhisdeafness.4.Butthereisnodoubtthatheisagreatcomposer.5.Ontheotherhand,adeepunderstandingofapersonrequiresalargeamountoftimeandenergy.6.Apersonwhodressedinoldjeansandtennisshoesdoesn’thavetobepoor;hemightpreferthecomfortoftheoldjeansandtheshoestothediscomfortofhighheelsandthebusinesssuit.7.Peopleshouldmakeuseofthecontacttalksandthuslookbeyondsuperficialappearance.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：and；also；2.表因果关系：thus；3.表转折对比关系：but；Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1]Judgingothersbasedontheirexternalappearancealsomeansthatyoulackofrespectandadmirationtothem.（使用了动名词和由that引导的宾语从句）[高分句型2]ItwillbeunfairtopeoplewhoborndisabledlikeMr.Beethoven,afamouscomposerwithhisdeafness.（使用了同位语和it作形式主语）[高分句型3]Apersonwhodressedinoldjeansandtennisshoesdoesn’thavetobepoor;hemightpreferthecomfortoftheoldjeansandtheshoestothediscomfortofhighheelsandthebusinesssuit.（使用了由who引导的定语从句）