英语四级仔细阅读答案解析

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英语四级仔细阅读答案解析2013年6月英语四级仔细阅读第一篇答案+解析SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?"Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesitywww.mhhdf.com（肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,"notethetworesearchers."Incontrast,"theresearcherscontinue,"manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance--likefood--ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems."Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:

1Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren'thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted（分配）basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。【总评】这是一篇讨论控制垃圾食品消费的议论文。文章介绍了Rand公司两位研究人员的建议：即借鉴控酒措施的经验，对售卖此类食品的地点和方式进行控制。文中具体介绍了这么做的原因以及一些具体条例。57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.答案：C.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.【解析】推理题。由关键词Junkfood定位至文章第一段。由“Junkfoodiseverywhere.We'reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe'redoingandyetwedoit

2anyway.（垃圾食品无处不在，这样的食品我们吃得实在是太多了，我们大多数人都知道我们在做什么，但是我们还是在这么做）”可知，垃圾食品对人们的诱惑实在是太强了，以至于人们无法抵挡。选项B中的“illreputation”在文中没有提到，所以，正确答案为C。58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.答案：C.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.【解析】推理题。由关键词policymeasures,obesity定位至文章第三段。文中提到“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeat(很多控制肥胖症的政策都是假定人们能够有意识、理智地选择吃什么、吃多少)”，而第四段中进一步提到“Incontrast…manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol（那些没有假定人们会作出理智选择的规章条例在控酒方面取得了成功）”。由此可以推知，很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都是基于错误的假设前提的，所以，正确答案为C。59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption.答案：D.Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption.【解析】推理题。由关键词densityrestrictions，obesity定位至文章倒数第三段。由“These（即densityrestrictions）makealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.”可知，因为购买的途径很简单的话会导致消费者过度消费。所以要颁布这样一项限制措施，就是为了减少人们购买酒类饮品的数量。所以，正确答案为D。

360.Whatisthepurposewww.sppfs.comofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.答案：D.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.【解析】推理题。由关键词California定位至文章最后一段。Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.www.jindaoky.comAtsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.关键词display，由此可知主要强调要把垃圾食品淡出人们的视线。所以，正确答案为D。61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalwww.jcxfzlm.comchoicesaboutfood.B)Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans答案：C.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.【解析】细节题。由关键词Randresearchers定位到第二段。文中提到“Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdisplayed?takealesson即borrowideas，由此可知，Rand公司的研究人员建议借鉴控酒措施的经验，所以，正确答案为C。2013年6月英语四级仔细阅读第二篇答案+解析

4SectionB Passage2【总评】本文为我们分析了柯达公司虽然看到了市场前景，但是并没有在战略上把握机会，等意识到错误时，已经为时已晚，并最终走向衰败。对于一出生就接触各种数码产品的考生来说，柯达也许是个并不熟悉的企业，这或许会对阅读带来一定影响。而且本文也有不少商务用语，如strategy（战略，策略）、sponsorship（赞助），及一些关键词如anticipate（预期、预计）等，难度并不算小。所以平时对于词汇的积累是快速理解阅读内容的关键。62.B.It'sapproachingitsdownfall.【解析】细节题。从全文第一句中的bankruptcy(破产)以及第二段第一句AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto"complacency"zk.hushine.com...可知柯达已经衰落了。所以正确答案为B。根据第全文第一句…asad,thoughnotunexpectedturningpoint…可知柯达的衰败，是早有预期的，而不是突然的，排除答案A.Itwentbankruptallofasudden；根据第一段最后一句...butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution可知柯达最终没有适应数字革命，排除答案C.Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry；根据第一段内容，dominate用的是过去分词形式，即柯达在胶卷市场占主导地位是过去的事实，而非现今，排除答案D.Itisplayingthedominantroleinthefilmmarket.63.A.Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.【解析】推理题。柯达发明第一台数码相机的例子出现在第二段，该段一开始指出很多人将柯达的衰败归结于柯达的自满，但是这个解释并没有承认柯达在自我改造上做出的努力。接下来作者用柯达发明了第一台数码相机来例证柯达在reinvent上的尝试。所以正确答案为A。答案C.Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.与第一段最后一句ultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.相冲突，且发明了第一台数码相机并不足以说明其顺应了数码革命。

564.D.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词largecompanies和switch定位到第四段最后一句Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingtonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.根据此句可知，大公司不能进入新市场的原因是他们在开创新业务的过程中，依然不愿放弃现有的优势。接来下第五段用柯达的事例继续阐释了这句话的含义，即toorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture，沉溺于过去的辉煌，而不能完全拥抱未来。所以正确答案为D.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.65.A.Aburden.【解析】细节题。根据第五段最后一句话Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.可知柯达的历史已成自身发展的负担。burden是对liability的同义转换。所以正确答案为A。66.C.Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.【解析】细节题。最后一段第一句说柯达在过去几十年间的衰败是戏剧性的。之后通过一个个例子来举例说明。从文中Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.可知柯达犯的主要错误是没有赞助1984年的奥林匹克。而对手富士拿到了竞标，并由此赢得了市场上的永久立足点。所以正确答案为C。