英语四级模拟考试题及答案详解

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英语四级模拟考试题及答案详解Totalscore:710Totaltimeallowed:125minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。PartIWriting(多题多卷写作题1)(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofdoingsmallthingsbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIWriting(多题多卷写作题2)(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofreadingliterature.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

1PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.CanDigitalTextbookTrulyReplacethePrintKind?Theshortcomingsoftraditionalprinteditiontextbooksareobvious:Forstartersthey’reheavy,withtheaveragephysicstextbookweighing3.6pounds.They’realsoexpensive,especiallywhenyoufactorintheaveragecollegestudent’slimitedbudget,typicallycostinghundredsofdollarseverysemester.Buttheworstpartisthatprintversionoftextbooksareconstantlyundergoingrevisions.Manyprofessorsrequirethattheirstudentsuseonlythelatestversionsintheclassroom,essentiallyrenderingoldertextsunusable.Forstudents,itmeansthey’rebasicallystuckwithafourpoundpaper-weightthattheycan’tsellback.Whichiswhydigitaltextbooks,iftheyliveuptotheirpromise,couldhelpeasemanyoftheseshortcomings.Buttillnow,they’vebeensomethinglikeamirage（幻影）inthedistance,morelikeahazy（模糊的）dreamthananactualreality.Imaginethepromise:Carryingallyourtextbooksina1.3poundiPad?Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue.Butthereareafewpilotschoolsalreadymakingthetransition（过渡）overtodigitalbooks.UniversitieslikeCornellandBrownhavejumpedonboard.AndonemedicalprogramattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,gavetheirentireclassiPadswithwhichtodownloadtextbooksjustlastyear.Butnotallwereeagertojumpaboard.“PeopleweretiredofusingtheiPadtextbookbesidesusingitforreading,”saysKalpitShah,whowillbegoingintohissecondyearatIrvine’smedicalprogramthisfall.“Theyweren’tusingitasasourceofcommunicationbecausetheycouldn’treadorwriteinit.SoathirdofthepeopleinmyprogramwereusingtheiPadinclasstotakenotes,theotherthirdwereusinglaptopsandthelastthirdwereusingpaperandpencil.”Thereasonithasn’tcaughtonyet,hetellsme,isthatthefunctionalityofe-editiontextbooksisincrediblylimited,andsomestudentsjustaren’tmotivatedtolearnnewstudybehavior.ButanewapplicationcalledInklingmightchangeallthat.Thecompanyjustreleasedanupdatedversionlastweek,andit’llbeutilizedinover50undergraduateandgraduateclassroomsthiscomingschoolyear.“Digitaltextbooksarenotgoingtocatchon,”saysInklingCEOMattMaclnnisashe’sgivingmeademo（演示）overcoffee.“WhatImeanbythatisthecurrentperspectiveofthedigitaltextbookisit’sanexactcopyoftheprintbook.There’sCourseSmart,etc.,theseguyswhotakeanyimageofthepageandputitonascreen.Ifthat’showwe’redefiningdigitaltextbooks,there’snohopeofthatbecomingamainstreamproduct.”HecallsInklingaplatformforpublisherstobuildrichmultimediacontentfromthegroundup,withaheavyemphasisonreal-worldfunctionality.Thetraditionaltextbookmerelyservesasaskeleton.AtfirstglanceInklingisanimpressiveexperience.Afterswiping（敲击）intotheiPadapp(应用软件),whichyoucangetforfreehere,heopensupafewdifferenttypesoftextbooks.Upfirstisachemistrybook.Theboottimeisprettyfast,andhenavigatesthrough(浏览)a

2fewchaptersbeforeswipingintoafullyrendered3Dmoleculethatcanbespunaroundtoviewitsvariousbuildingblocks.“Publishersgiveusallofthesourcemedia,artwork,videos,”hesays,“Wehelpthemthinkthroughhowtoactuallybuildsomethingforthisplatform.”Nexthepullsupamusiccompositiontextbook,completewithplayabledemos.It’salearningexperiencethatattacksyoufrommultiplesensorydirections.It’sclearwhythiswouldbesomethingamusicmajorwouldlove.ButthemostexcitingpartaboutInkling,tome,isitsnotation（批注）system.Here’showitworks!Whenyoupurchaseausedprintbook,itcomeswithitspreviousowner’shighlightsandnotesinthemargins.Itusestheexperienceofsomeonewhoalreadywentthroughtheclasstohelpimproveyourreading(howmuchyoutrusteachnotationisobviouslyuptoyou).Butwithlnkling,youcanhighlightapieceofcontentandmakenotes.Here’swherethingsgetinteresting,though:Ifaparticularlyimportantpassageishighlightedbymultiplelnklingusers,thatinformationisstoredonthecloudandisavailableforanyonereadingthesametextbooktocomeacross.ThatmeansusershaveaccesstonotesfromnotonlytheirclassmatesandFacebookfriends,butanyonewhopurchasedthebookacrossthecountry.Thebestcommentsarethensorteddemocraticallybyavotingsystem,meaningthatyoursociallearningexperienceissharedwiththebestandbrightestthinkers.Asabonus,professorscanevenchimein(插话)ondiscussions.They’llbeabletoanswerthequestionsofstudentswhoareintheirclassdirectlyviatheinteractivebook.Ofcourse,Inklingaddressesseveraloftheothershortcomingsintraditionalprintaswell.Textbookversionsareconstanlyupdated,motivatingpublishersbyminimizingproductioncosts(thebigoneslikeMcGraw-Hillarealreadyonboard).Furthermore,studentswillbeabletopurchasesectionsofthetextinsteadofbuyingthewholething,withindividualchapterscostingaslittleas$2.99.Thereare,however,challenges.“Ittakeseffortstobuildeachbook,”Maclnnistellsme.Andit’sclearwhy.Eachinteractivetextbookisamedia-heavyexperiencebuiltfromthegroundup,andyoucantellthatittakesarespectableamountofmanpowertoputtogethereachone.FornowtheappisalsoiPad-exclusive,andthoughafewoftheseeducationalinstitutionsaregivingthehardwareawayforfree,forotherstudentswhodon’thavesuchaluxuryit’sanaddedlayerofcost—andanexpensiveoneatthat.Butthismuchisclear.Thetraditionaltextbookmodelisandhasbeenbrokenforquitesometime.WhetherdigitallyinteractiveoneslikeInklingactuallytakeoffornotremainstobeseen,andweprobablywon’thaveadefiniteanswerforthenextfewyears.Howeverthesolutiontoanyproblembeginswithastepinadirection.Andatleastfornow,thathazymirageinthedistance?Alittlemoretangible(可触摸的),alittlelessofadream.1.Thebiggestproblemwithtraditionalprinttextbooksisthat_____.A)theyarenotreusedonceaneweditioncomesoutB)theycosthundredsofdollarseverysemesterC)theyaretooheavytocarryaroundD)theytakealongertimetorevise2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdigitaltextbooks?

3A)It’snotlikelytheywillreplacetraditionaltextbooks.B)Theyhaven’tfixedalltheshortcomingsofprintbooks.C)Veryfewofthemareavailableinthemarket.D)Manypeoplestillhavedifficultyusingthem.3.AccordingtoKalpitShah,somestudentsstillusepaperandpencilbecause_____.A)theyfindittroublesometotakenoteswithaniPadB)theyareunwillingtochangetheirstudybehaviorC)theyhavegettiredofreadingontheiPadD)theyarenotusedtoreadingonthescreen4.InklingCEOMattMaclnnisexplainsthattheproblemwithCourseSmart’scurrentdigitaltextbooksisthat_____.A)theyhavetoberevisedrepeatedlyB)theyareinconvenienttouseinclassC)theyaredifferentfrommostmainstreamproductsD)theyarenomorethanprintversionsputonascreen5.MattMaclnnisdescribestheupdatedversionoflnklingas_____.A)agoodexampleofthemainstreamproductsB)amarvelousproductofmanycreativeideasC)aplatformforbuildingmultimediacontentD)amereskeletonoftraditionaltextbooks6.Theauthorismostexcitedaboutlnkling’snotationsystembecauseonecan_____.A)sharehislearningexperiencewiththebestandbrightestthinkersB)participateindiscussionswithclassmatesandFacebookfriendsC)voteforthebestlearnersdemocraticallyD)storeinformationonthecloud7.Oneadditionaladvantageoftheinteractivedigitaltextbookisthat_____.A)studentscanswitchtodifferentdiscussionsatanypointB)studentscandownloadrelevantcriticalcommentsC)professorscanjoininstudents’onlinediscussionsD)professorscangivepromptfeedbacktostudents’homework8.Oneofthechallengestobuildaninteractivedigitaltextbookfromthegroundupisthatistakesagreatdealof_____.9.Oneproblemforstudentstoreplacetraditionaltextbookswithinteractivedigitalonesisthehigh______ofthehardware.10.Accordingtotheauthor,whetherdigitaltextbookswillcatchonstill_____.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

411.A)Childrenshouldbetaughttobemorecareful.B)Childrenshouldn’tdrinksomuchorangejuice.C)Thereisnoneedforthemantomakesuchafuss.D)Timmyshouldlearntodothingsintherightway.12.A)Fitnesstraining.B)Thenewjoboffer.C)Computerprogramming.D)Directorshipoftheclub.13.A)Heneedstobuyanewsweater.B)Hehasgottosaveonfuelbills.C)Thefuelpricehasskyrocketed.D)Theheatingsystemdoesn’twork.14.A)Committingtheft.B)Takingpictures.C)Windowshopping.D)Posingforthecamera.15.A)Sheistakingsomemedicine.B)Shehasnotseenadoctoryet.C)Shedoesnottrusttheman’sadvice.D)Shehasalmostrecoveredfromthecough.16.A)Pamela’sreportisnotfinishedasscheduled.B)Pamelahasahabitofdoingthingsinahurry.C)Pamelaisnotgoodatwritingresearchpapers.D)Pamela’smistakescouldhavebeenavoided.17.A)Intheleft-luggageoffice.B)Atthehotelreception.C)Inahotelroom.D)Atanairport.18.A)Shewasanexcellentstudentatcollege.B)Sheworksintheentertainmentbusiness.C)Sheisfondoftellingstoriesinherspeech.D)Sheisgoodatconveyinghermessage.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Arrangingthewoman’sappointmentwithMr.Romero.B)Fixingthetimeforthedesigner’slatestfashionshow.C)TalkingaboutanimportantgatheringonTuesday.D)PreparingforthefilmingonMondaymorning.20.A)HertraveltoJapan.B)Theawardsceremony.C)Theproperhairstyleforhernewrole.D)Whentostartthemakeupsession.21.A)HeisMr.Romero’sagent.B)Heisanentertainmentjournalist.C)Heisthewoman’sassistant.D)Heisafamousmoviestar.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Makeanappointmentforaninterview.B)Sendinanapplicationletter.C)Fillinanapplicationform.D)Makeabriefself-introductiononthephone.23.A)Someonehavingacollegedegreeinadvertising.B)Someoneexperiencedinbusinessmanagement.C)Someonereadytotakeonmoreresponsibilities.

5D)Someonewillingtoworkbeyondregularhours.24.A)Travelopportunities.B)Handsomepay.C)Prospectsforpromotion.D)Flexibleworkinghours.25.A)Itdependsontheworkinghours.B)It’sabout500poundaweek.C)ItwillbesetbytheHumanResources.D)Itistobenegotiated.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Togivecustomersawiderrangeofchoices.B)Tomakeshoppersseeasmanyitemsaspossible.C)Tosupplyasmanyvarietiesofgoodsasitcan.D)Togivespaceformoreprofitableproducts.27.A)Onthetopshelves.B)Onthebottomshelves.C)Oneasilyaccessibleshelves.D)Onclearlymarkedshelves.28.A)Manyofthembuythingsonimpulse.B)Afewofthemarefatherswithbabies.C)Amajorityofthemareyoungcouples.D)Over60%ofthemmakeshoppinglists.29.A)Salesassistantspromotinghighmargingoods.B)Salesassistantsfollowingcustomersaround.C)Customerscompetingforgoodbargains.D)Customerslosingallsenseoftime.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Teachingmathematicsataschool.B)Doingresearchinaninstitute.C)Studyingforacollegedegree.D)Workinginahigh-techcompany.31.A)Hestudiedthedesignsofvariouschoices.B)Hedidexperimentstodifferentmaterials.C)Heboughtanalarmclockwithapigface.

6D)Heaskeddifferentpeoplefortheiropinions.32.A)Itsautomaticmechanism.B)Itsmanufacturingpattern.C)Itswayofwakingpeopleup.D)Itsfunny-lookingpigface.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)It’softencausedbyachangeofcircumstances.B)Itusuallydoesn’trequireanyspecialattention.C)Itusuallyappearsallofasudden.D)Itusuallylastsforseveralyears.34.A)Theycan’tmixwellwithothers.B)Theyemotionallyreceivetheirfriends.C)Theydependseverelyonfamilymembers.D)Theysharesimilarinterestswithfriends.35.A)Theylackconsistentsupportfrompeers.B)Theydoubttheirownpopularity.C)Theywerebornpsychologicallyweak.D)Theyfocustoomuchattentiononthemselves.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanksyoucaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finallywhenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Therewasatimewhenanypersonalinformationthatwasgatheredaboutuswastypedonapieceofpaperand(36)________awayinafilecabinet.Itcouldremainthereforyearsand,often(37)________,neverreachtheoutsideworld.Thingshavedoneacompleteabout-facesincethen.(38)________forthechangehasbeentheastonishingly(39)________developmentinrecentyearsofthecomputer.Today,anydatathatis(40)________aboutusinoneplaceoranother—andforonereasonoranother—canbestoredinacomputerbank.Itcanthenbeeasilypassedtoothercomputerbanks.Theyareownedby(41)________andbyprivatebusinessesandcorporations,lending(42)________,directmailingandtelemarketingfirms,creditbureaus,creditcardcompanies,andgovernment(43)________atthelocal,state,andfederallevel.AgrowingnumberofAmericansareseeingtheaccumulationanddistributionofcomputerizeddateasafrighteninginvasionoftheirprivacy.(44)____________________________________________________________________asthecomputerbecomes

7increasinglyefficient,easiertooperate,andlesscostlytopurchaseandmaintain.In1970,anationalsurveyshowedthat(45)____________________________________________________________________.Sevenyearslater,47percentexpressedthesameworry.(46)____________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated(润滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple:wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.A)allowingF)helpingK)preventB)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principleC)brieflyH)lowestM)provokeD)componentI)maintainN)seriouslyE)determinedJ)maximumO)topicSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

8Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity（肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren’thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted（分配）basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey’reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.

9B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.B)Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D)Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy（破产）protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自满),”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate（企业的）culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.62.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?A)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.B)Itisapproachingitsdownfall.C)Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.D)Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.63.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?A)Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.

10B)Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.C)Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.D)ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphoto.64.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?A)Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.B)Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.C)Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.D)Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.65.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome?A)Aburden.B)Amirror.C)Ajoke.D)Achallenge.66.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?A)Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.B)ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’semergence.C)Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.D)Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whetheryouthinkyouneeddaytimerestornot,pickingupanap（午睡）habitisasmart,healthymove.TheMayoClinicsaysnaps67relaxation,bettermoodandalertness,andasharperworking68.A2008Britishstudyfoundthatcomparedtogettingmorenighttimesleep,amid-daynapwasthebestwaytocope69themid-afternoonsleepiness.AccordingtotheHarvardHealthLetter,severalstudieshaveshownthatpeople70newinformationbetterwhentheytakeanapshortlyafterlearningit.And,most71,a2007studyofnearly24,000GreekadultsintheArchivesofInternalMedicinefoundthatpeoplewhonapped72hada37percentreducedriskofdying73heartdiseasecomparedtopeoplewhodidn’tnap.Ofcourse,nappingisn’t74foreveryone.Ifyou’resufferingfrominabilitytosleep,napsthataretoolongortakentoolateinthedaycan75withyourabilitytofallorstayasleepatnight.Butformost,napscanmakeyoufeelsharperandhappier.Napsprovidedifferentbenefits76onhowlongtheyare.A20-minutenapwillboostalertnessandconcentration;a90-minutesnooze（小睡）can77creativity.Accordingtoprevention.com,you78anaturaldipinbodytemperature791p.m.and3p.m.Ashortnapatthistimecanboostalertness80severalhoursand,formostpeople,shouldn’t81beingabletofallasleepatnight.Pickadark,cozyplacethat’snottoowarmortoochilly.prevention.com82snapping

11onthecouchinsteadofinbed,soyou’reless83tosnoozefortoolong.Surprisingly,thebestplacetotakeanapmaybeahammock（吊床）ifyouhaveone.ASwissstudy84lastyearfoundthatpeoplefellasleepfasterandhaddeepersleepwhentheynappedinahammockthaninabed.Thatsamerocking85thatputsbabiestosleepworks86forgrown-ups,too.67.A)enforceB)promoteC)operateD)support68.A)feelingB)frameC)senseD)mind69.A)withB)asideC)aboutD)upon70.A)remarkB)considerC)rememberD)concern71.A)reportedlyB)incrediblyC)constantlyD)frankly72.A)regularlyB)enormouslyC)heavilyD)strongly73.A)offB)underC)againstD)from74.A)exactB)correctC)rightD)precise75.A)influenceB)eliminateC)competeD)interfere76.A)focusingB)dependingC)relyingD)basing77.A)enlargeB)engageC)enhanceD)enlighten78.A)exploreB)experienceC)exerciseD)execute79.A)betweenB)amidstC)amongD)besides80.A)ofB)beyondC)duringD)for81.A)produceB)disposeC)affectD)hasten82.A)illustratesB)decidesC)predictsD)recommends83.A)inclinedB)involvedC)adoptedD)attracted84.A)pronouncedB)publishedC)discoveredD)cultivated85.A)moodB)modelC)motionD)motive86.A)wondersB)passionsC)mysteryD)pleasurePartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Althoughonlyinherteens,mysisterislookingforwardto_________________（独自去海外学习).88.It’struethatwearenotalwaysgoingtosucceedinourventures,_______________（即使我们投入时间和金钱).89.Theoldcouplehopedthattheirson________________（将不辜负他们的期望).90.Sobadly_________________(他在车祸中受伤)thathehadtostayinthehospitalforawholeyear.91.Nowadays,somepeoplestillhavetrouble________________（从网上获取信息).2013年6月英语四级答案详解

12PartIWriting对白子：Dad,I'mabitworriedaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste（处理核废料）父：Ifyoucanemptythedustbin（垃圾筒）here,youcandoanything范文：Thepictureshowsusadialoguebetweenafatherandason.Thesontoldhisfather,“Dad,I’mabitworriedaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste”.Whilehisfathertoldhim,“Ifyoucanemptythedustbinhereyoucandoanything”.Itrevealstheimportanceofdoingsmallthingswellbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.ThereisalsoanoldChinesesayingtogowiththisthatapersoncan’tsweeptheworldbeforehecansweephisownroom.Unquestionably,doingsmallthingsisthefirststepofsuccessandwilllayrootfordoingsomethingbig.Bydoingsomethingsmall,weareenabledtoaccumulateexperience,masterskillsandtrainourselvestobemorepatient.Inotherword,wecanbewellpreparedforfurtherchallengesinthecourseoffulfillingsmallthings.Bycontrast,thosewhosetouttodosomethingbigwillbeconstantlyhauntedbydisappointment,frustrationsorevenfailures.Aswhenopportunity“somethingbig”appears,theycanhardlyseizethembecauseofthelackofexperienceandconfidencestemsfromdoingsmallthings.Takingthepicturepresentedaboveasacaseinpoint,howcanthelittleboysucceedindisposingofnuclearweaponsifheevendoesn’tknowhowtoemptythedustbin?Frommyperspective,undernocircumstancesshouldweundervaluethepowerofdoingsmallthings.Instead,weshouldregardsmallthingsasthesourceofexperience,skillsandtheprerequisiteofsuccess.“Greatachievementonlybelongstothosewhocandosmallthingsperfectly.”Aristotleoncesaid.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.A.theyarenotrescuedonceaneweditioncomesout2.B.Theyhaven’tfixedalltheshortcomingsofprintbooks.3.A.theyfindittroublesometotakenoteswithaniPad.4.D.theyarenomorethanprintversionsputonascreen5.C.aplatformforbuildingmultimediacontent6.A.sharehislearningexperiencewiththebestandbrightestthinkers7.C.professorscanjoininstudents’onlinediscussions8.manpowertoputtogethereachone9.

13cost10.remainstobeseen【整体点评】这是一篇讨论电子课本能否取代纸质课本的议论文。电子书在现在社会已逐渐推广，因此，该话题对于考生而言并不陌生。文章通过对比，电子课本和纸质课本的优劣，最后，得出结论：电子课本未来能否取代纸质课本仍然是一个未知数。文章整体脉络清晰，论点鲜明。考生只要依照文章顺序，按图索骥，答对本篇阅读中的题目还是相对容易的。【逐题细评】1.答案：A.theyarenotrescuedonceaneweditioncomesout解析：【细节题】。由关键词thebiggestproblem定位至文章第二段首句。由“Buttheworstpartisthatprinteditionsoftextbooksareconstantlyundergoingrevisions.”可知，纸质版课本最大的问题是经常修订，因此，正确答案为A。2.答案：B.Theyhaven’tfixedalltheshortcomingsofprintbooks.解析：【细节题】。由第三段“Whichiswhydigitaltextbooks,iftheyliveuptotheirpromise,couldhelpeasemanyoftheseshortcomings.Buttillnow,they’vebeensomethinglikeamirage(幻影)inthedistance,”可知，电子课本没能解决纸质书的所有问题。因此，正确答案为B。3.答案：A.theyfindittroublesometotakenoteswithaniPad.解析：【细节题】。由KalpitShah定位到第五段。由“Theyweren’tusingitasasourceofcommunicationbecausetheycouldn’treadorwriteinit.”可知，他们不使用电子书，是因为他们不能用电子书进行读写，因此，正确答案为A。4.答案：D.theyarenomorethanprintversionsputonascreen解析：【细节题】。由InklingCEOMattMaclnnis定位到第九段。由“WhatImeanbythatisthecurrentperspectiveofthedigitaltextbookisit’sanexactcopyoftheprintbook.There’sCourseSmart,etc.,theseguyswhotakeanimageofthepageandputitonascreen.”可知，CourseSmart现在的电子课本只是对纸质课本的复制，因此，正确答案为D。5.答案：C.aplatformforbuildingmultimediacontent解析：【细节题】。由第十段首句“HecallsInklingaplatformforpublisherstobuildrichmultimediacontentfromthegroundup,withaheavyemphasisonreal-worldfunctionality.”可知，MattMaclnnis认为，Inkling是为出版商搭建丰富的多媒体资源的一个平台，因此，正确答案为C。6.答案：A.sharehislearningexperiencewiththebestandbrightestthinkers解析：【细节题】。由第14段首句“ButthemostexcitingpartaboutInkling，tome，isitsnotation(批注)system.”和第16段最后一句“Thebestcommentsarethensorteddemocraticallybyavotingsystem,meaningthatyoursociallearningexperienceissharedwiththebestandbrightestthinkers.”，可知，最令作者兴奋的是，它的批注系统可以让用户与最优秀的人分享学习经验，因此，正确答案为A。7.答案：C.professorscanjoininstudents’onlinediscussions解析：【细节题】。由第17段首句，“Asabonus,professorscanevenchime

14in(插话)ondiscussions.”可知，作为一项福利，教授们可以参与学生们的晚上讨论，因此，正确答案为C。8．答案：manpowertoputtogethereachone解析：【细节题】。由第21段“Eachinteractivetextbookisamedia-heavyexperiencebuiltfromthegroundup,andyoucantellthatittakesarespectableamountofmanpowertoputtogethereachone.”可知，因此，答案为manpowertoputtogethereachone。9．答案：cost解析：【细节题】。由第22段“FornowtheappisalsoiPad-exclusive,andthoughafewoftheseeducationalinstitutionsaregivingthehardwareawayforfree,forotherstudentswhodon’thavesuchaluxuryit，sanaddedlayerofcostandanexpensiveoneatthat”可知，因此，答案为cost。10.答案：remainstobeseen解析：【细节题】。由23段“WhetherdigitallyinteractiveoneslikeInklingactuallytakeoffornotremainstobeseen,andweprobablywon’thaveadefiniteanswerforthenextfewyears.”可知，因此，答案为remainstobeseen。PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.11.W:Whatareyoudoinginhere,Sir?Didn'tyouseetheprivatesignoverthere?M:I'msorry.Ididn'tnoticeitwhenIcamein.I'mlookingforthemanager'soffice.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?12.W:Mike,what'stheproblem?You'veknownfrommonththereportisduetoday.M:Iknow,butI'mafraidIneedanotherfewdays.ThedataishardtointerpretthanIexpected.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?13.W:Excuseme,Tony.HasmyparcelfromNewYorkarrived?M:Unfortunately,it'sbeendelayedduetothebad

15weather.Q:Whatisthewomanwaitingfor?14.W:Pamsaidwewon'thavethepsychologytestuntiltheendofnextweek.M:Ellen,youshouldknowbetterthantotakePam'swordsforanything.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutPam?15W:Tom,wouldyoupleasewatchmysuitcaseforaminute?Ineedtogomakeaquickphonecall.M:Yeah,sure.Takeyourtime.Ourtraindoesn’tleaveforanothertwentyminutes.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?16M:Frankly,MaryisnotwhatI'dcalledeasy-going.W:Isee.Peopleinourneighborhoodfindithardtobelieveshe'smytwinsister.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?17M:Howsoondoyouthinkthiscanbecleaned?W:Wehavesamedayservice,sir.Youcanpickupyoursuitafterfiveo'clock.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?18W:Ireallyenjoythatpieceyoujustplayonthepiano.Ibetyougetalotofrequestsforit.M:Yousaidit.Peoplejustcan'tgetenoughofit.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?长对话1Questions19-22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:Goodafternoon,Mr.Jones.IamTeresaChen,andI’llbeinterviewingyou.Howareyoutoday?M:Iamfine,thankyou.Andyou,MissChen?W:Good,Thanks.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourexperienceinthiskindofwork?M:Well,forseveralyears,ImanagedadepartmentfortheBrownstoneCompanyinDetroit,Michigan.NowIworkparttimebecauseIalsogotoschoolatnight.I’mgettingabusinessdegree.W:Oh,howinteresting.Tellme,whydoyouwanttoleaveyourpresentjob?M:I’llfinishschoolinafewmonths,andI’dlikeafull-timepositionwithmoreresponsibility.W:Andwhywouldyouliketoworkforourcompany?M:BecauseIknowyourcompany’sworkandIlikeit.W:Couldyoupleasetellmeaboutyourspecialskillsand

16interests?M:Ofcourse,I’mgoodatcomputersandIcanspeakSpanish.IusedtotakeclassesinSpanishatthelocalcollege.AndIliketravellingalot.W:Canyougivemeanyreferences?M:Yes,certainly.YoucantalktoMr.Macaw,myboss,attheBrownstoneCompany.Icouldalsogiveyouthenamesandnumbersofseveralofmyteachers.W:Allright,Mr.Jones,andwouldyouliketoaskmeanyquestions?M:Yes,IwonderwhenI’llbeinformedaboutmyapplicationforthejob.W:Well,we’llletyouknowassoonaspossible.Let’sstayintouch.Thankyouverymuchforcomingthisafternoon.M:Thankyou.Questions19-22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisworkingexperience?20.Whydoesthemanwanttoleavehispresentjob?21.Whatisthemaninterestedin?22.Whatquestiondidthemanaskthewoman?【总评】这是一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。与采访类对话相似的是，发问者的问题往往是题目定位的关键点，而被采访者的回答往往是题目的答案。所以，对于考生来说，根据题干信息，准确定位是解题的关键。19.B.HeworkedattheBrownstoneCompanyforseveralyears.【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词workingexperience可定位至Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourexperienceinthiskindofwork?根据男士的回答可知，他曾在BrownstoneCompany工作了很多年。因此，正确答案为B。20.D.Heprefersafull-timejobwithmoreresponsibility.【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词leavehispresentjob可定位至Tellme,whydoyouwanttoleaveyourpresentjob?根据男士的回答可知，他想要一份全职的工作。因此，正确答案为D。21.A.Travel.【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词interestedin可定位至Couldyoupleasetellmeaboutyourspecialskillsandinterests?根据男士的回答可知，他喜欢旅游。因此，正确答案为A。22.C.Whenhewillbeinformedabouthisapplication.【解析】细节题。根据题干可定位至wouldyouliketoaskmeanyquestions?根据男士的回答可知，男士想知道的是何时通知面试结果。因此，正确答案为C。长对话2Questions23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.M:Lisa,Lisa!Overhere,darling!It'swonderfultoseeyou.Oh,Lisa,youlookmarvelous.W:Oh,Paul,youlooktired.Twomonthsawayinthecapital?Paul,Ithinkyou'vebeenworkingtoohard.

17M:I'mfine.Thecityisveryhotthistimeoftheyear.It'sgoodtogetbacktosomefreshair.Youknow,Lisa,whattheysayaboutpregnantwomenreallyistrue.W:What'sthatPaul?M:Theysaytheylookbeautiful.W:Well,Ihadalotoftensionwhileyou'vebeenstudyinghardonyourcourseinD.C.M:Oh?W:Oh,don'tworry,allfromamanover50.Fatherhastoldallhisbusinessfriendsthegoodnewsaboutthebaby.Andthephonehasn'tstoppedringing.M:Oh,look,darling.There'sataxi.W:Paul,tellmeaboutthespecialprojectyoumentionedonthephone.Yousoundedveryexcitedaboutit!M:Youknow,I'velearnedalotfromtheproject.I'msurprisedthatwasstillinbusiness.W:That'sbecausewehaveawonderfulsalesmanager——you!M:Thanks.Butthat'snottheproblematall.Lisa,ourlittlecompany,anditislittlecomparedtothegiantsinthecity.Ourlittlecompany'sindanger.Weareoutofdate.Weneedtoexpand.Ifwedon't,wewillbeswallowedupbyoneofthegiants.Questions23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.WhatdowelearnaboutLisa?24.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?25.Whatdoesthemansayabouthiscompany?【总评】这是一段夫妇间的日常对话。丈夫出差归来，对话前半部分谈论双方的近况，后半部分则将话题转移到公司的商业项目上。考生解题的关键在于，抓住对话中的提示词，定位或推测答案。23.B.Sheispregnant.【解析】推测题。根据对话前半段的提示信息，如whattheysayaboutpregnantwomenreallyistrue.及Fatherhastoldallhisbusinessfriendsthegoodnewsaboutthebaby.可推测出，Lisa怀孕了。因此，正确答案为B。24.A.Heworksasasalesmanager.【解析】细节题。根据女士说的That'sbecausewehaveawonderfulsalesmanager——you.可知，男士是一个salesmanager。因此，正确答案是A。25.D.Itisinurgentneedoffurtherdevelopment.【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词hiscompany可定位至最后一轮对话。根据男士所说的Ourlittlecompany'sindanger.Weareoutofdate.Weneedtoexpand.可知，公司需要扩张，furtherdevelopment是对expand的同义置换。因此，正确答案是D。SectionBPassage1Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

18Farmington,Utah,isamorepleasantcommunitysincealocalgirls'4-HclubimprovedMainStreet.Six4-Hgirlsworkedtocleanthe72footcurbsidethatwascoveredwithweeds,rocksandtrash.Eachmembervolunteeredtocleanupandtodiginplot,fiveflatsofflowers.Theyalsotooktermsinwatering,weedingandmaintainingtheplot.Participationinthisprojecthelpedthegirlsdevelopedanewattitudetowardstheirparentsoftheirownhomes;they'velearnedhowtoworkwithtools,andimprovetheirworkhabits.Onemothersaidthatbeforeherdaughterwasinvolvedinthisproject,shewouldnotevenpouraweed.TheexperienceonMainStreetstimulatedself-improvement,andencouragedmemberstotakeprideintheirhomegroundsandthetotalcommunity.Cityofficialscooperatedwiththe4-Hmembersinplantingtrees,buildingcookingfacilities,pick-metables,swingsandpublicrestrooms.The4-Hgirlsplantedtreesandtookcareofthemduringtheearlystagesofgrowth.Thetotalparkprojectneededmoreplantingsinthefollowingyears.Membersofthe4-Hclubagreedtofollowtheprojectthroughtocompletion,becausetheyreceivesatisfactionfromtheresultsofconstructivework.Theprojectisagrowingoneandisspreadfromtheparktotheschoolandtheshoppingcenter.Treesandflowershaveallbeenplantedintheshoppingcenter,makingtheatmospherepleasant.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.WhatdowelearnaboutMainStreetinFarlington?27.Whatdothe4-Hclubmembersdoaboutthecurbside?28.Whathavethe4-Hgirlslearnedfromtheproject?29.Whydothe4-Hgirlsagreetofollowtheparkprojectthroughtocomplete.Question30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Passage2Accordingtoasurveyonreadingconductedin2001bytheU.S.NationalEducationAssociation(NEA),youngAmericanssayreadingisimportant,moreimportantthancomputersandscience.Over50%ofthe12to18yearsoldinterviewedsaytheyenjoyreadingalot.79%finditstimulatingandinteresting.And87%thinkitisrelaxing.About68%ofthosesurveyeddisagreedwiththeopinionthatreadingisboringorold-fashioned.Overhalfteenagersinterviewedsaidtheyreadmorethantenbooksayear.Theresultsalsoshowthatmiddleschoolstudentsreadmorebooksthanhighschoolery.Over66%ofteensliketoreadfiction,suchasnovelsandstories.Over26%areinterestedinnon-fiction,suchhistorybooks.64%ofstudentslistedreadingstoriesaboutpeoplemyownage.That'safavoritetopic.Mysteriesanddetectivestoriescamesecondonthelistat53%.Justunder50%saidtheywereinterestedinreadingabouttheirowncultureintradition.Oftheteenagerswhoparticipatedinthe

19survey,49%saidthatlibrariesarewheretheygetmostoftheirbooks.However,manycomplainthattheirschoollibrariesdonothaveenoughup-to-dateinterestingbooksandmagazines.EventhoughmanyteenagersintheUSenjoyreading,theystillhaveotherinterests.Whenaskedwhichactivitywouldbethemostdifficulttogiveupforaweek,48%saidlisteningtomusic.TVwouldbedifficulttogiveupfor25%ofthosesurveyed.Question30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.Whatdoesthesurveyonteenagerreadingshow?31.Whatbooksaremostpopularamongteenagersaccordingtothesurvey?32.Whatactivitydoteenagersfindthemostdifficulttogiveupforaweek?Passage2【总评】本篇文章以阅读调查报告为话题，贴近生活，容易理解。但文章中数据很多，所以边听边适当记录一下数字，便于做题分析。30.答案：A.Themajorityofthemfinditinteresting.【解析】细节题。文章开篇谈到根据调查，美国年轻人认为阅读很重要，并进一步强调比电脑和科学更重要。紧接着又摆出数据：Over50%ofthe12to18yearsoldinterviewedsaytheyenjoyreadingalot.79%finditstimulatingandinteresting.超过50%的青少年很喜欢阅读。79%认为阅读很有促进作用、很有趣。因此，正确答案为A。31.答案：B.Novelsandstories.【解析】细节题。文章中间部分谈到读各类书籍的人数比例时，提到Over66%ofteensliketoreadfiction,suchasnovelsandstories.64%ofstudentslistedreadingstoriesaboutpeoplemyownage.That'safavoritetopic.超过66%的青少年喜欢读小说和故事。因此，正确答案为B。32.答案：A.Listeningtomusic.【解析】细节题。文章最后部分谈到最难放弃的活动时，提到一句话“Whenaskedwhichactivitywouldbethemostdifficulttogiveupforaweek,48%saidlisteningtomusic.TVwouldbedifficulttogiveupfor25%ofthosesurveyed.”48%认为一周不碰的活动最难舍弃的就是听音乐，25%认为是看电视。因此正确答案为A。Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Passage3Thankyouforcoming,everyone.Today’spresentationwillshowhowweseethedevelopmentofthemotorcarintheshorttomediumterm,andthatiswhywehaveinvitedallofyouheretoday.Let’sstartwithpower.It’sclearthatpetrol-drivenengineshavenofuture.Alreadytherearemanyalternativefuelvehiclesonthemarket,poweredbyanythingfromsolarpowertonaturalgas.Someindependentthinkershaveevenproduced

20carsthatrunonvegetableoil.Butasweallknow,ofallthesealternativefuelvehicles,themostpracticalareelectricvehicles.Sure,inthepastelectricvehicleshavetheirproblems,namely,alimiteddrivingrange,andveryfewrechargingpoints,whichlimitedtheiruse.Now,however,recentdevelopmentsinelectricvehicletechnologymeantheycanmatchconventionalpetrolenginesintermsofperformanceandsafety.Let’snotforgetthatelectricvehiclesarecleaner.Plus,importantly,thepowersourceisrechargeable,sothisdoesnotinvolveusinganyvaluableresources.Movingontocommunications,verysoon,carswillbelinkedtoGPSsatellites,sothey’lldoallthedrivingforyou.Whatcontrolsremainfortheuserswillbeaudio-based,so,forexample,you’lljusthavetosay“abitwarmer”,andtheairconditioningwilladjustautomatically.You’llalsobeabletoreceiveemail,musicandmovies,allviaaninternetlink.Sojusttypeinthedestinationyouwant,sitback,sleep,watchyourmovie,whatever.Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Whatisthepresentationmainlyabout?34.Whatusedtorestricttheuseofelectricvehicles?35.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutelectricvehiclesoftoday?SectionCMyfavoriteTVshow?“TheTwilightZone.”Iespeciallyliketheepisodecalled“ThePrinter’sDevil.”It’saboutanewspapereditorwho’sbeingdrivenoutofbusinessbyabignewspapersyndicate–youknow,agroupofpapersownedbythesamepeople.HeisabouttocommitsuicidewhenheisinterruptedbyanoldmanwhosayshisnameisSmith.Theeditorisnotonlyoffered5,000dollarstopayoffhisnewspaper’sdebts,butthisSmithcharacteralsooffershisservicesforfree.Itturnsoutthattheguyoperatestheprintingmachinewithamazingspeed,andsoonheisturningoutnewspaperswithshockingheadlines.Thesmallpaperissuccessfulagain.TheeditorisamazedathowquicklySmithgetshisstories–onlyminutesaftertheyhappen–butsoonheispresentedwithacontracttosign.Mr.Smith,itseems,isreallythedevil!Theeditorisfrightenedbythisnews,butheismorefrightenedbytheideaoflosinghisnewspaper,soheagreestosign.ButsoonSmithisreportingthenewsevenbeforeithappens–andit’sallterrible–onedisasterafteranother.Anyway,thereisalittlemoretotell,butIdon’twanttoruinthestoryforyou.IreallyliketheseoldepisodesoftheTwilightZone,becausethestoriesarefascinating.Theyarenotrealistic.Butthenagain,inawaytheyare,becausetheydealwithhumannature.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

21【答案】47.H.lowest48.J.maximum49.D.component50.I.maintain51.A.allowing52.G.increasingly53.B.avoidable54.K.prevent55.L.principle56.C.briefly【解析】47.答案：H.lowest【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk，根据句子意思，需要选择lowest“最低的”，句子的意思是：人人都知道怎么步行，并且步行受伤的风险最低。因此正确答案为H.lowest。48.答案：J.maximum【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个形容词来修饰maximum，根据句子的意思，需要选择maximum“最大的”，句子的意思是：为了从步行中获得最大的收益……。因此正确答案为J.maximum。49.答案：D.component【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个名词来与important搭配，根据句意判断strengthtraining力量训练应该是physicalactivity体育活动的一个组成部分，所以要用component“部分、成分”。因此正确答案为D.component。50.I.maintain【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个动词原型与build做并列成分，根据句意“力量训练的目的是为了增强和____骨骼和肌肉质量”，所以选择maintain“维持”符合文意。因此正确答案为I.maintain。51.答案：A.allowing【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择现在分词引导伴随状语，根据上一句“一般而言，你会想要每周做两到三次力量训练”，而这么做会使你在训练之间有恢复期，所以选allowing“允许，使（可能）”符合文意。因此正确答案为A.allowing。52.答案：G.increasingly【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择副词修饰形容词important，而根据句子的意思可以得知“随着年龄的增长，柔韧性和平衡感训练愈发重要”，所以increasingly符合文意。因此正确答案为G.increasingly。53.答案：B.

22avoidable【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择形容词作为be动词are后面的表语，由上文可知经常性肌肉紧张和关节僵硬，这些是可以通过运动避免的，所以avoidable“可避免的”符合文意。因此正确答案为B.avoidable。54.答案：K.prevent【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择动词原形，该句话中的these指代上文的“经常性肌肉紧张和关节僵硬”，下文中提到“通过让肌肉更强壮和使关节润滑”，可知动词应该为prevent“预防，阻止”。因此正确答案为K.prevent。55.答案：L.principle【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择名词与general“一般的，大体的”搭配，根据后文可知选择principle“原则”。因此正确答案为L.principle。56.答案：C.briefly【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择副词来修饰动词stretch“伸展”，根据句意“只要身体保持某个姿势有一定时间了，用反向的姿势稍微伸展一下身体是很有用的”。可知briefly“短暂地；简要地”符合文意。因此正确答案为C.briefly。SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?"Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity（肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,"notethetworesearchers."Incontrast,"theresearcherscontinue,"manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance--likefood--ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems."Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren'thandedout

23unplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted（分配）basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。【总评】这是一篇讨论控制垃圾食品消费的议论文。文章介绍了Rand公司两位研究人员的建议：即借鉴控酒措施的经验，对售卖此类食品的地点和方式进行控制。文中具体介绍了这么做的原因以及一些具体条例。57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.答案：C.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.【解析】推理题。由关键词Junkfood定位至文章第一段。由“Junkfoodiseverywhere.We'reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe'redoingandyetwedoitanyway.（垃圾食品无处不在，这样的食品我们吃得实在是太多了，我们大多数人都知道我们在做什么，但是我们还是在这么做）”可知，垃圾食品对人们的诱惑实在是太强了，以至于人们无法抵挡。选项B中的“illreputation”在文中没有提到，所以，正确答案为C。58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.答案：C.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.【解析】推理题。由关键词policymeasures,obesity定位至文章第三段。文中提到“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeat(很多控制肥胖症的政策都是假定人们能够有意识、理智地选择吃什么、吃多少)”，而第四段中进一步提到“Incontrast…manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrol

24alcohol（那些没有假定人们会作出理智选择的规章条例在控酒方面取得了成功）”。由此可以推知，很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都是基于错误的假设前提的，所以，正确答案为C。59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption.答案：D.Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption.【解析】推理题。由关键词densityrestrictions，obesity定位至文章倒数第三段。由“These（即densityrestrictions）makealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.”可知，因为购买的途径很简单的话会导致消费者过度消费。所以要颁布这样一项限制措施，就是为了减少人们购买酒类饮品的数量。所以，正确答案为D。60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.答案：D.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.【解析】推理题。由关键词California定位至文章最后一段。Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.关键词display，由此可知主要强调要把垃圾食品淡出人们的视线。所以，正确答案为D。61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.B)Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans答案：C.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.【解析】细节题。由关键词Randresearchers定位到第二段。文中提到“Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdisplayed?takealesson即borrowideas，由此可知，Rand公司的研究人员建议借鉴控酒措施的经验，所以，正确答案为C。SectionBPassage2

25【总评】本文为我们分析了柯达公司虽然看到了市场前景，但是并没有在战略上把握机会，等意识到错误时，已经为时已晚，并最终走向衰败。对于一出生就接触各种数码产品的考生来说，柯达也许是个并不熟悉的企业，这或许会对阅读带来一定影响。而且本文也有不少商务用语，如strategy（战略，策略）、sponsorship（赞助），及一些关键词如anticipate（预期、预计）等，难度并不算小。所以平时对于词汇的积累是快速理解阅读内容的关键。62.B.It'sapproachingitsdownfall.【解析】细节题。从全文第一句中的bankruptcy(破产)以及第二段第一句AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto"complacency"...可知柯达已经衰落了。所以正确答案为B。根据第全文第一句…asad,thoughnotunexpectedturningpoint…可知柯达的衰败，是早有预期的，而不是突然的，排除答案A.Itwentbankruptallofasudden；根据第一段最后一句...butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution可知柯达最终没有适应数字革命，排除答案C.Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry；根据第一段内容，dominate用的是过去分词形式，即柯达在胶卷市场占主导地位是过去的事实，而非现今，排除答案D.Itisplayingthedominantroleinthefilmmarket.63.A.Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.【解析】推理题。柯达发明第一台数码相机的例子出现在第二段，该段一开始指出很多人将柯达的衰败归结于柯达的自满，但是这个解释并没有承认柯达在自我改造上做出的努力。接下来作者用柯达发明了第一台数码相机来例证柯达在reinvent上的尝试。所以正确答案为A。答案C.Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.与第一段最后一句ultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.相冲突，且发明了第一台数码相机并不足以说明其顺应了数码革命。64.D.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词largecompanies和switch定位到第四段最后一句Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingtonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.根据此句可知，大公司不能进入新市场的原因是他们在开创新业务的过程中，依然不愿放弃现有的优势。接来下第五段用柯达的事例继续阐释了这句话的含义，即toorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture，沉溺于过去的辉煌，而不能完全拥抱未来。所以正确答案为D.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.65.A.Aburden.【解析】细节题。根据第五段最后一句话Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.可知柯达的历史已成自身发展的负担。burden是对liability的同义转换。所以正确答案为A。66.C.Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.【解析】细节题。最后一段第一句说柯达在过去几十年间的衰败是戏剧性的。之后通过一个个例子来举例说明。从文中Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajor

26miscalculation.可知柯达犯的主要错误是没有赞助1984年的奥林匹克。而对手富士拿到了竞标，并由此赢得了市场上的永久立足点。所以正确答案为C。PartVClozeWhetheryouthinkyouneeddaytimerestornot,pickingupanaphabit—orcontinuingtomaketimeforone—isasmart,healthymove.Considertheevidence:TheMayoClinicsaysnapspromoterelaxation,reducedfatigue,bettermoodandalertness,andasharper-workingmind.A2008Britishstudyfoundthatcomparedtogettingmorenighttimesleeporguzzlingcaffeine,amid-daynapwasthebestwaytocopewiththemid-afternoonslump.AccordingtotheHarvardHealthLetter,severalstudieshaveshownthatpeopleremembernewinformationbetterwhentheytakeanapshortlyafterlearningit.And,mostincredibly,a2007studyofnearly24,000GreekadultsintheArchivesofInternalMedicinefoundthatpeoplewhonappedregularlyhada37percentreducedriskofdyingfromheartdiseasecomparedtopeoplewhodidn’tnap.Ofcourse,nappingisn’trightforeveryone.Ifyou’repronetoinsomnia,napsthataretoolongortakentoolateinthedaycaninterferewithyourabilitytofallorstayasleepatnight.Also,peoplewithcertainsleepdisorders,likesleepapneaornarcolepsy,mayfeelmoretirediftheytakeanapthaniftheydon’t.Butformost,napscanmakeyoufeelsharperandhappier.Napsprovidedifferentbenefitsdependingonhowlongtheyare,saysMentalFloss.com.A20-minutenapwillboostalertnessandconcentration;a90-minutesnoozecanenhancecreativity.AccordingtoPrevention.com,youexperienceanaturaldipinbodytemperaturebetween1p.m.and3p.m.Apowernapatthistimecanboostalertnessforseveralhoursand,formostpeople,shouldn’taffectbeingabletofallasleepatnight.Pickadark,cozyplacethat’snottoowarmortoochilly.Prevention.comrecommendsnappingonthecouchinsteadofinbed,soyou’relesstemptedtosnoozefortoolong.Surprisingly,thebestplacetocrashmaybeahammockifyouhaveone.ASwissstudypublishedlastyearfoundthatpeoplefellasleepfasterandhaddeepersleepwhentheynappedinahammockthaninabed.Thatsamerockingmotionthatlullsbabiestosleepworkswondersforgrown-upstoo.点评：本篇完形填空摘自Read’sDigest，

27再次体现了四六级考试频繁使用外刊素材的特点。本篇文章主要讲述了睡午觉的好处。不管你是否觉得有睡午觉的必要，养成这样的习惯可以让你有效对抗下午的困顿。但是，睡午觉也未必适合每个人。如果你本身已经有失眠的问题，睡午觉会让你晚上更难入睡。除了通过上下文理解才能得出答案的题目之外，仍然考察了一些语法点。比如第69题，A2008Britishstudyfoundthatcomparedtogettingmorenighttimesleep,amid-daynapwasthebestwaytocope__69___themid-afternoonsleepiness.这里明显考察的就是词组copewith.表示处理、应对。再比如第73题，Andmostincredibly,a2007studyofnearly24,000GreekadultsintheArchivesofInternalMedicinefoundthatpeoplewhonappedregularlyhada37%reducedriskofdying__73__heartdisease……这里也非常明显的考察了词组diefrom同时也考察了对动词词义的辨析。例如第77题，A20-minutenapwillboostalertnessandconcentration;a90-minutesnoozewill__77___creativity.选项包括了enlarge,engage,enhance和enlighten.根据前半句话的含义可知，20分钟午睡可以提高专注度，那么90分钟的午睡就更应该对创造力有益了。通过对4个选项的分析，只有enhance能够表达这个意思。此处除了要搞清楚4个选项本身的含义外，还要注意运用上下文来进行最终判断。总体来说，整篇文章难度并不大，也没有出现过于生僻的表述方式。只要能够清楚辨析选项，熟悉搭配，并且充分理解上下文，就能够顺利完成本篇完形填空。PartVITranslation87.Althoughonlyinherteens,mysisterislookingforwardto_________________（独自去海外学习）.【参考答案】：87.studyingabroadbyherself88.It'struethatwearenotalwaysgoingtosucceedinourventures,_______________（即使我们投入时间和金钱）.【参考答案】：88.evenifweinvesttimeandmoneyinthem89.Theoldcouplehopedthattheirson________________（将不辜负他们的期望）.【参考答案】：89.wouldliveuptotheirexpectations90.Sohardly_________________（他在车祸中受伤）thathehadtostayinthehospitalforawholeyear.【参考答案】：90.hadhebeeninjuredinthetrafficaccident91.Nowadays,somepeoplestillhavetrouble________________（从网上获取信息）.【参考答案】：91.obtainninginformationfromtheinternet