英语六级练习题(翻译、阅读、完形填空)

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英语六级练习题(翻译、阅读、完形填空)　　1)Thephoneisringing,_______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).　　2)Ican’tfindmysunglasses._______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3)Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight._______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).　　4)It’sapity._______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).　　5)_______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.6)Weneednotonlybeundervariousexternalpressures,butalso_____________（也要面对内心的困惑）.　　7)Wouldyou_______________（愿意来参加我们的晚会）onFriday?8)Aftertheoperation，_____________（他的身体很健康）.　　9)－WillyoubegoingbackhomefortheSpringFestival？　　－___________（当然啦）.　　10)________________（我只发现了几个错误）inyourcomposition.　　　　1)butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome　　(考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t表示“一定不”)　　2)Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday　　(考点：“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断)　　3)Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible　　(考点：同上)　　4)Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony　　(考点：“情态动词should/oughtto+havedone”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思)　　5)Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty　　(考点：“情态动词needn’t+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”)6)tobeinthefaceoftheinternalperplexities　　解析：本句意为：我们不仅要承受种种外界压力，还要面对内心的困惑。这句话考查的是notonly…butalso的结构。该结构的前后部分应该保持一致，前半部分用的是notonlyto，后半部分就应该是butalsoto。另外，前半句用了under

1pressure来表达承受压力，后半句最好也用一个介词短语来表达面对困惑之意，与前文相呼应。我们知道，face既可以用作动词也可以用作名词，inthecaseof意为“面对，面临”。其实全句有三处相对应出现的词或表达，他们是：notonlyto&butalsoto；beunder&beinthefaceof；externalpressures&internalperplexities。英语里比较注重这种并行结构。　　7)cometooureveningparty　　解析：考查“参加”的表达。Join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会，如：joinahealthclub；jointheCommunistParty，或者用joinsb表示参加到某人的活动中来。事实上，常常与party搭配的动词是come或者go。如gotoawildparty，或cometoaChristmasParty。“参加”的另外一些用法有：参加会议（attendthemeeting）；参加某项活动（takepartintheactivity）；参加考试（take/sit/dotheexamination）；参加礼拜（attendworship）；参加社会活动（getaboutsocialactivities）。　　8)heisingoodhealth/he’shealthy　　解析：本题看似简单，实际在考查汉英表达习惯差异问题。“他的身体很健康”是一句典型的汉语表达，然而英语里表示某人身体好的时候不用“身体”作主语，直接用“某人”作主语。如果译成hisbodyishealthy就可谓多此一举了。“身体健康”还可以用tobeingoodcondition。　　9)Sure/Certainly　　解析：本题也是一道考查汉英表达差异的题。很多考生不假思索地译成Ofcourse。其实，以英语为母语的人使用ofcourse的频率要比中国的考生低得多，只有在回答一些总所周知的问题或表示反语口吻时才说ofcourse。因为ofcourse后面隐含一句话是“当然我知道啦！难道我是一个傻瓜吗？”因此，ofcourse带有挑衅的意味，语气很不友好。在使用方面，sure或certainly语气会婉转很多。同时ofcoursenot也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下的说法是certainlynot。　　10)Ifoundafewmistakes　　解析：few和little意为“几乎没有”，afew和alittle意为“还有一些，有几个”。但若在afew和alittle加上only，意思就变了。即onlyafew＝few，而onlyalittle＝little。如：Icanhaveonlyalittlemore.（我几乎不能再吃了。）Shemadeonlyafewmistakes.（她几乎全对。）因此，如果译成Ifoundonlyafewmistakes，意思就恰恰相反，“你的作文我几乎没发现错误”。这道题说明在汉译英时不能完全对应汉字翻译，而要考虑英语使用习惯和词语搭配。二、短文阅读1、　AsSesameStreetkicksoffits40thanniversaryseasonTuesday,withfirstladyMichelleObamaandBroadwaystarLin-ManuelMirandaasguests,itisindisputablythemostbelovedchildren’sshowinhistory,andoneoftelevision’sbiggestandmostenduringsuccessstories.　　Theseriesholdsarecord122EmmyAwards,notincludingalifetime-achievementtrophy(奖±)award,andhasbeenadaptedinmorethan120countriesandterritoriesaroundtheglobe.Anestimated100,000Sesameproductshavebeenmadeavailableinternationally,fromT-shirtsandcostumestohigh-techtoyssuchasElmoLive.

2　　Sesame’scross-cultural,multi-generationalappealhasalottodowiththespecificagegroupittargets.“Thebulkofouraudienceisinthe2sand3s,thoughweshootfor2to4,”saysexecutiveproducerCarol-LynnParente.Atthatearlystage,saysSpinney—whois75,andhasbeenwiththeshowsinceDay1(heplaysOscaraswell)—“childrenarebasicallythesame,andhavebeenthroughtheyears.”　　Butifpreschoolers’fundamentalneedsandsensibilitieshaven’tchangedmuch,theworldaroundthemhas—notleastofallonthemedialandscape,whereSesameStreetnowcompeteswithmanyotherkids’showsandanever-expandingarrayofnewmedia.　　In2000,theChildren’sTelevisionWorkshop,theorganizationthroughwhichcreatorJoanGanzCooneylaunchedSesameStreetonPBSpredecessorNET,changeditstitletoSesameWorkshop,toreflectitsexpansionintothedigital,interactiveage.　　ContentandpresentationcontinuetoevolveonTVaswell.Theshow’sfamouslycatchythemesong,SunnyDay,nowhasahip-hopbeatandajazzierarrangement.Parentestressesthatit’sjustasimportant“tokeepourcurriculumcurrent.TheABC’sand123’sarealwaysthere,butwestayrelevantbyincorporatingotherthingsthatareinterestingandmeaningful.”　　“Wefocusonallaspectsofdevelopment—cognitiveneeds,socialandemotionalneeds,healthneeds—andbringinadviserswhoareexpertsineacharea,tomakesurewe’reage-appropriate,”saysRosemarieTruglio,vicepresidentofeducationandresearch,SesameWorkshop.“Butwenevertalkdowntochildren,andwe’renotafraidtoexploresensitivetopics.”　　Sesamehashaditscriticsintheacademiccommunityaswell.　　ForMaryLynnCrow,aclinicalpsychologistandprofessorofeducationattheUniversityofTexas-Arlington,“showslikeSesameStreetlackthepotentiallydeep,personalemotionalimprint(影响)thatcanandshouldoccurbetweenastudentandteacherinanearlyeducationalexperience.”　　Ontheotherhand,CrowconsidersSesameStreet“abeautifulmodelofwhatIcallhigh-techlearning.Theycanteachchildrenaboutletters,numbers,colorandsizethroughrepetitioninwaystraditionaleducationcan’t,andprovideearlyinformationaboutattitudes,valuesandrelationships.”　　1.WhatdowelearnaboutSesameStreetfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?　　A)Itrosetofamebecauseofthefirstlady’srole.　　B)It’ssuccessfulandgainsinternationalpopularity.　　C)Itstillhastowinalifetime-achievementaward.　　D)ItisthemostsuccessfulshowinAmericanhistory.　　2.What’sSpinney’sopiniononthetargetaudienceofSesameStreet?　　A)Theyarecompletelydifferentthantheywere40yearsago.　　B)Manyofthemaredevotedfansoftheperformance.　　C)Theirbasicneedshaven’tchangedmuchthroughyears.　　D)Theycontinuetowatchtheshowwhentheyhavegrownup.

3　　3.Theauthorsaysthatinthecurrentworld,SesameStreet_______.　　A)hasslightedgeoverothershowstargetingchildren　　B)hasmadesomechangessoastokeepupwiththetimes　　C)triestocatertoadultswhoaccompanytheirchildrentotheshow　　D)isdoomedtofailduetoitsout-datedcontentandpresentation　　4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSesameStreetfromRosemarieTruglio’swords?　　A)Ittriestopreparechildrenbothforschoolandlife’slessons.　　B)Itswriterhaschangedthethemeofthestoryforkids.　　C)Childrenseemtobelookeddownuponintheshow.　　D)Sensitivetopicshavealwaysbeenbannedintheshow.　　5.MaryLynnCrowisnegativeaboutSesameStreetbecauseshethinksit_______.　　A)onlytouchesupsuperficialrelationships　　B)istoocomplicatedforchildrentounderstand　　C)goesagainstwaysoftraditionaleducation　　D)repeatsbasicknowledgeoverandoveragain　　2、TheradicaltransformationoftheSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddle-classhusbandsexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.　　Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By190,7percentofdoctorsintheSovietUnionwerewomen.　　ThusStalinistsocietygavewomangreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolawthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searnings.Moreover,thefun-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledto

4manybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasmobilizedinStalinistsociety.　　1.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety______.　　A)hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore　　B)haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities　　C)hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships　　D)movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment　　2.Inthelastparagraph,"monopolize"probablymeans______.　　A)holdB)earnC)leaveD)pay　　3.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.　　A)comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment　　B)tellstoriesaboutwomeninSovietUnion　　C)amusethereader　　D)provideinformation　　4.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas______.　　A)disapprovingB)emotionalC)objectiveD)sympathetic　　5.WecanconcludethattheeconomicandsocialstatusofwomeninStalinistsociety______.　　A)hadbeenimproved　　B)wasworsethanbefore　　C)hadnotChangedmuch　　D)wasbetterthanthatincapitalisticcountries　3、Computerscienceandtechnologyisdevelopingsofastthatnoonecanpredictexactlywhatnewtechnologymightbedevelopedinthenearfuture,andthedevelopmentofcomputerlawcanhardlykeepupwiththedevelopingcomputertechnology.Thewidespreadapplicationofcomputersinbusinesshascreatednewsituationsthatnoexistinglawsareadequatetocopewith.Inthefollowingcases,computergeneratedinformationwasusedasevidencebutwasnotallacceptedbythecourt.　　Amanreceivedsometreatmentatahospitalbutrefusedtopaythehospitalbillbecauseheclaimedthefigureswerenotcorrect.Thehospitalsuedtheman.Asproofoftheamountowedtoit,thehospitalofferedinevidenceacomputerprintoutoftheservicesrenderedtothedefendantandtheamountsowedforthem.Hospitalemployeestestifiedthatinformationastoamountsowedbypatientsinthehospitalwerestoredinacomputeraspartofaregularbusinessroutine.Themanobjectedtotheadmissionofthecomputerprintoutasevidenceonthegroundthattherewasnotapropercomparisoncheckingoforiginalslipsshowingservicesrenderedagainstthecomputerprintout.　　Thecourtdecidedthatthecomputerprintoutwasadmissibleasevidencewhenitwas

5shownthattheentriesweremadewithproperequipmentinaregularcoursesofbusiness.Theobjectionthattherewasnotasufficientcheckingoftheprintoutdidnotmaketheprintoutinadmissible.Itwasuptothejurytodecidehowmuchweightorimportanceshouldbeattachedtocomputerprintout.　　Inordertomakeitpossibletoadmitevidenceprotectedbycomputer,thelawofevidenceoftheUnitedStateshaschangedgreatly.Accordingtothenewrule,computerprintoutsofbusinessrecordsstoredonelectroniccomputingequipmentareadmissibleinevidenceifrelevanttothematerial,withoutthenecessityofidentifying,locating,andproducingaswitnessestheindividualswhomadetheentriesintheregularcourseofbusiness,ifitisshownthattheelectroniccomputingequipmentisrecognizedasstandardequipment,theentriesaremadeintheregularcourseofbusinessatorreasonablynearthetimeofthehappeningoftheeventrecorded,andthefoundationtestimonysatisfiesthecourtthesourcesofinformation,methodandtimeofpreparationweresuchastoindicateitstrustworthinessandjustifyitsadmission.　　1.Themanrefusedtopaythehospitalbillbecauseheclaimed.　　A)thehospitaloverchargedhimB)hecouldn’taffordthemoney　　C)thecomputerprintoutofferedbythehospitalwasnotconsistentwithoriginalslips　　D)thehospitalcouldn’tshowanyprooffortheamountofmoneyheshouldpay　　2.Thecourt’sfinaldecisionis.　　A)themanmustpaythebillB)thecomputerprintoutwasnotadmissible　　C)thehospitalfailedforlackofevidenceD)notmentionedinthepassage　　3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?　　A)Thecomputerprintoutwasnotinkeepingwiththeservicerendered.　　B)Thecomputerprintoutwasinkeepingwiththeservicerendered　　C)Thecomputerprintoutwascheckedtocompareitwiththeservicerendered　　D)Thecomputerprintoutwasnotcheckedtocompareitwiththeservicerendered　　4.Inordertomakethecomputerevidenceadmissible,theUnitedStates.　　A)hascompletelychangedthelawofevidenceB)hasbeguntodrawupthelawofevidence　　C)hasabolishedthelawofevidenceD)hasrevisedthelawofevidence　　5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis.　　A)TheComputerEvidenceB)TheLawofEvidence　　C)TheComputerandtheLawofEvidenceD)ACaseonComputer　　　4、IntheDisunitingofAmerica:ReflectionsonaMulticulturalSociety,RevisedandEnlargedEdition(W.W.Norton)SchlesingerprovidesdeepinsightsintothecrisesofnationhoodinAmerica.AnewchapterassessedtheimpactbothofradicalmulticulturalismandradicalmonoculturalismontheBillofRights.Writtenwithhisusualclarityandforce,thebookbringsanotedhistorian’swisdomandperspectivetobearonAmerica’s“culturewars.”

6　　Schlesingeraddressesthequestions:Whatholdsanationtogether?AndwhatdoesitmeantobeanAmerican?Describingtheemergingcultofethnicity,Schlsingerpraisesitshealthyeffectonthecampaignofmulticulturaladvocatestodividethenationintoseparateethnicandracialcommunities.Fromthestart,heobserves,theUnitedStateshasbeenamulticulturalnation,richinitsdiversitybutheldtogetherasharedcommitmenttothedemocraticprocessandbythefreedomofintermarriage.ItwasthisnationaltalentforassimilationthatimpressedforeignvisitorslikeAlexisdeTocquevilleandJamesBryce,anditisthishistoricgoalthatSchelsingerchampionsasthebesthopeforthefuture.Schlesingeranalyseswhatheseesasgrimconsequencesofidentitypolitics:thewideningofdifferences.AttacksontheFirstAmendment,heargues,threatenintellectualfreedomand,ultimately,thefutureoftheethnicgroups.Hiscriticismsarenotlimitedtotheleft.AsaformertargetofMcCarthyism,heunderstandsthattheradicalrightisevenmorewillingthantheradicallefttorestrictandweakentheBillofRights.　　Theauthordoesnotminimizetheinjusticesconcealedbythe“meltingpot”dream.TheDisunitingOfAmericaisbothacademicandpersonal,forcefulinargument,balancedinjudgment.Itisabookthatwillnodoubtangersomereaders,butitwillsurelymakeallofthemthinkagain.ThewinnerofPulitzerprizesforhistoryandforbiography,anauthoritativevoiceofAmericanliberalism,Schlesingerisuniquelypositionedtobringboldanswersandhealingwisdomtothispassionatedebateoverwhoweareandwhatweshouldbecome.　　1.AccordingtoSchlesinger,theUnitedStatesis.　　A)ameltingpotB)anationwithdiverseculturesheldtogetherbythedemocraticprocess　　C)afederationofethnicandracialcommunitiesD)anationwithoneculturedespiteitsvariousethnicandracialgroups　　2.WecaninferfromthepassagethatSchlesinger.　　A)advocatestheassimilationofdifferentculturesintoonenationhood　　B)holdsthateachracialgroupshouldkeepitsdistinctidentity　　C)givesfullsupporttotheemergingcultofethnicity　　D)prefersmulticulturalismtomonoculturalism　　3.WecaninferformthispassagethatAmerica.　　A)isexperiencingacrisisofnationhoodB)hasendeditshistoryofracialprejudice　　C)istryingtorestricttheBillofRightsD)hastriedtoobstructintellectualfreedom　　4.Accordingtotheauthor,Schlesinger’sbookwill.　　A)putanendtotheculturewarsinAmerica.B)causeangeramongtheradicalright　　C)causeangeramongtheradicalleftD)provokethinkingamongallreaders　　5.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom.　　A)ahistorybookB)anewreportC)abookreviewD)ajournalofliterarycriticism.　　5、Aftertheearthquake,thetextmessagescamestreaminginto4636—reportsoftrappedpeople,fires,pollutedwatersources,andrequestsforfood,waterandmedicalsupplies.

7HundredsofvolunteerstranslatedthemfromCreoleandFrenchintoEnglish,taggedthemwithalocationandpassedthemontoaidagenciesontheground.YetnotoneofthevolunteerswasanywherenearHaiti.　　The4636textingserviceispartofanewgenerationofweb-basedeffortstohelpdisasterreliefthathasemergedfromtherevolutionintexting,socialnetworkingandcrowdsourcing.Itsimpactonthegroundistangible(确凿的).Forexample,aHaitianclinictexted4636thatitwasrunninglowonfuelforitsgenerator.Within20minutestheRedCrosssaiditwouldresupply.　　4636isrunbyasmallorganizationcalledUshahidi.com,originallysetupinKenyatogatherreportsofviolenceafterthe2008election.Withindaysoftheearthquakeon12JanuarythatflattenedHaiti’scapitalPort-au-Princeandnumeroussurroundingtowns,ithadsetupaHaitianoperationandrecruitedhundredsofvolunteerstohelptranslatemessages,manyofthemHaitianslivingintheU.S.Theserviceisfree,courtesyofDigicell,Haiti’slargestmobilenetworkoperator,whichhad70percentofitsnetworkrunningwithin24hoursofthequake.　　NicolasdiTada,whohelpedsetup4636onthegroundinthefirstdaysafterthedisaster,saysthatwastheeasypart.“Thechallengewasmakingrespondersonthegroundawareofus.”Astrokeofluckmadeabigdifference.Oneofthefirsttextswasfromahospitalwhichhad200beds,anddoctors,nursesandmedicalsuppliesonstandby,butnopatients,becausehardlyanyreliefagenciesknewtheywerethere.Forwardingthatmessageontoldalargenumberoforganizationabout4636.Now,radiostationshelpspreadtheword.　　Aspeoplegenerallydon’tsendmessagestosaytheirrequesthasbeenfulfilled,Ushahidihasnowayofknowinghowsuccessfulithasbeen.Still,“thesystemisunprecedented,”saysChristopherCsikszentmihalyi,directoroftheCenterforFutureCivicMediaattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.　　1.Whotackledtextmessagesonearthquake-hitHaitithatpouredinto4636?　　2.TheexampleofaHaitianclinicreceivingresponsefromtheRedCrosssuggeststhatthe4636textingservicehas______________　　3.Theoriginalpurposeofcreating4636wasto______________thatfollowedthe2008Kenyaelection.　　4.AccordingNicolasdiTada,thedifficultpartofworkfor4636Haitianoperationis______________.　　5.Ushahidiisnotclearoftheeffectof4636sincesendersusuallydonotgiveafeedbackwhen______________.　　6、AsToyotaandHummerhavelearned,growingtoofastcanbeadangerousthing.　　Fromitsorigins,successintheautoindustryhasbeenaboutscale.Intheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury,HenryFordwasabletodemocratizethecaranddominatetheearlyautoindustrybecausehebuilt,andthencontinuallyimproved,anassemblylinethatcouldmakehugenumbersofcarsinashortamountoftime.Biggerwasalwaysbetter.

8　　Buttwoitemsfromyesterday’sdispatchintheongoingcardramasindicatewhythat’snotalwaystrue.　　ItemNo.1:TheToyotadebacle(失败).ThemassfailingsofToyota’slegendaryquality-controleffortsarenowonfulldisplayinthehearingsthathavesubjectedCEOAkioToyodatoaritualizedsetofapologiesandhumiliations(羞辱).InrecentyearsToyotarodeitsefficiencyandbetterfinancialmanagement—itdidn’thavetocontendwiththeburdensomepensionandhealth-carebenefitsthatsandbaggedtheBigThree(i.e.GeneralMotors,Ford,andChrysler)—tolargegainsinmarketshareandsignificantgrowth.In2007ToyotasurpassedGMasthelargestcarmakerintheworld.　　Butsomethinggotlostintheprocess.AsToyodaacknowledgedonWednesday:“Ifearthepaceatwhichwehavegrownmayhavebeentooquick.IwouldliketopointoutherethatToyota’spriorityhastraditionallybeen:first,safety;second,quality;andthird,volume.Theseprioritiesbecameconfused.”Inotherwords,Toyodaseemedtoadmit,thecompanywentwrongbymovingsize—i.e.,volume—tothefrontoftheline.　　ItemNo.2:Afteraseriesoffailedeffortstosellit,GMannouncedthatitsHummerbrandwouldbewounddown.HummerhadadifferentproblemwithbignessthanToyotahas.Itwasn’tthatitsproductionvolumesweretoohigh.In2008only2,710Hummersweresold.Rather,theoutsizeHummerwassimplytoobig—tooinefficient,toooutofstepwiththetimes—tosucceedinamarketplaceinwhichoilspikedto$150perbarrelandseemstohavesettledataplateauabove$70abarrel.Astheeconomytanked,energypricesrose,andthespiritofthetimeshiftedinfavorofconservation,thegas-guzzlingHummerfacedadoublewhammy(厄运):consumershaddifficultyaffordingthevehicle’shighlistpriceaswellasdifficultyaffordingitshighoperatingprice.　　Sizedoesmatterwhenitcomestoautoproduction.Butnotalwaysinthewaymanufacturersthink.　　1.TheexampleofHenryFord’sassemblylinesuggeststhatthesuccessintheautoindustrywasbuilton__________.　　2.Accordingtotheauthor,Toyota’sfastgrowthinrecentyearswasattributedto__________.　　3.CEOAkioToyodaseemedtoadmitthatToyotabetrayeditstraditionofputting__________attoppriority.　　4.Accordingtothepassage,GMdecidedtograduallybringitsHummerbrandtoanendbecauseof__________.　　5.Accordingtothepassage,whetherpurchasingoroperatingaHummer,consumersfoundithardto__________.7、ThehomeserviceindustryinBeijingisexpectedtobecomemoreattractivebothasajobandasanindustry.

9　　SourcesattheBeijingPeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferencesaidresistancetohomeserviceworkismeltingawayfrommindsofthecity’slaid-offworkers.TheConferencesuggestedtheestablishmentofmunicipalcenterswhichsupervisepropertymanagement,householdmendingandinstallation,andhousekeepingservices.Moderncitylifeiscreatinganeedforindustrializationhomeservices.Thiswillcreatejobopportunitiesforlaid-offworkers,saidVicedirectoroftheSocialJudicialCommitteeoftheConference.　　Beijingresidentshavelongdesiredahomeserviceindustry.Thedemandisexpectedtodriveneweconomicgrowth.TherearefewhighqualityhomehelpservicesinBeijingandcustomersarealwayscomplaining.　　Inthepast,fewlaid-offworkersinBeijingdesiredtoworkashomehelpers,jobslargelytakenbyyoungwomenfromthecountryside.Atthesametime,somecityresidentshavenotfeltsafetrustingruralgirlswithmodernhouseholdmachinesorwiththeirsmallchildren.Manypeoplewouldpaymoreforreliablehousekeeperswhoaremorefamiliarwithcitylife,buttheyhavehadnowayofgettingone,eventhoughthecityishometothousandsoflaid-offworkers.　　BytheendofJunethisyear,therewere30,600joblessworkersinthecity.Mostofthemarewomenintheir40’s,whoarenotblessedwithparticularskillsandwhohavehadtheirworkethicsshapedbytheplannedeconomy.Manyofthemwereatalosswhentheyfirstrealizedtheyhadlosttheirjobsandawayoflifetheyhadgotusedtofordecades.　　Theyneverimaginedbeinglaid-offbystate-ownedenterprises;theyneverconsideredotherkindsofemployment.Forthem,theprivatesectormeanttakingrisks;housekeepingimpliedlowersocialstatus.Gaoyunfang,44,isapioneerwhoisbreakingtheice.ShesellstheBeijingMorningPostinthemorning,andworksattwohouseholdsintheafternoon.Sheearns1,000yuanpermonth.Soshenolongerworriesaboutherdaughter’stuitionatauniversityinShanghai.　　1.Whatistalkedaboutinthepassage?　　A)Homeservice.B)Moderncitylife.C)Laid-offworker.D)Socialstatus.　　2.Whatdoestheword"laid-off’inthepassagemean?　　A)Heavily-burdened.B)Old.C)Inexperienced.D)Jobless.　　3.Whyweremanylaid-offworkersataloss?　　A)Becausetheydidn’tgetusedtothenewwayoflife.B)Becausetheyaretoooldtofindanewjob.　　C)Becausetheydislikebeinglaidoff.D)Becausetheythinktheylosttheirsocialstatus.　　4.Whydidn’tthelaid-offworkersliketodohomeservicesinthepast?　　A)Lowsalary.B)Lowersocialstatus.C)Dirtyworkingcondition.D)Toomuchextrawork.　　5.Inwhichwaysishomeserviceindustrygoodforoursociety?　　A)Itmeetstheneedsofmodernlife.B)Itprovidesworkopportunitiesforthelaid-offworker.　　C)Itisanewindustry.D)AandB.　参考答案：1、BCBAA2、CADCA3、ADDDC4、BAADC

10　　5、1.Hundredsofvolunteers；2.tangibleimpact；3.gatherreportsofviolence；4.makingrespondersonthegroundawareofthem；5.theirrequesthasbeenfulfilled6、1.scale；2.itsefficiencyandbetterfinancialmanagement；3.Safety；4.aseriesoffailedefforttosellit；5.affordthehighprices　7、ADABD三、长阅读：CollegesandUniversities　　Morethan60percentofallhighschoolgraduatescontinuetheirformaleducationaftergraduation.Manyattendcollegesthatofferfour-yearprogramsleadingtoabachelor'sdegree.Collegestudentsarecalledundergraduates,andtheirfouryearsofstudyaredividedintothefreshman,sophomore,junior,andsenioryears.Inmostcollegesthefirsttwoyearsaredesignedtoprovideabroadgeneraleducation,andduringthistimethecollegestudentisusuallyrequiredtotakecoursesingeneralareasofstudy,suchasEnglish,science,foreignlanguages,andsocialscience.Bythejunioryearthestudentbeginstomajorinoneparticularfieldofstudy,ordiscipline.　　Someinstitutionsofhigherlearningofferonlythefour-yearcollegeprogram.Auniversityoffersgraduateorpost-collegeprograms,aswell.GraduatedegreesinfieldssuchasEnglishliterature,chemistry,andhistoryaregrantedbygraduateschoolsofartsandsciences.Theseschoolsmayofferone-ortwo-yearprogramsleadingtoamaster'sdegree(M.A.),andprogramslastingthreeyearsormorethatleadtothedegreeofdoctorofPhilosophy(Ph.D.).AcandidateforaPh.D.mustmeetcertaincourserequirementsinhisfield,passwrittenandoralexaminations,andpresentawrittenthesisbasedonoriginalresearch.SomeuniversitiesofferpostdoctoralprogramsthatextendstudyandresearchbeyondthePh.D.　　Manyuniversitiesalsohavewhatarecalledprofessionalschoolsforstudyinsuchfieldsaslaw,medicine,engineering,architecture,socialwork,business,libraryscience,andeducation.Professionalschoolsdifferwidelyintheirrequirementsforadmissionandthelengthsoftheirprograms.Medicalstudents,forexample,mustcompleteatleastthreeyearsofpremedicalstudiesatanundergraduateschoolbeforetheycanenterthethree-orfour-yearprogramatamedicalschool.Engineeringandarchitecturestudents,ontheotherhand,canenterafour-orfive-yearprofessionalschoolimmediatelyuponcompletionofsecondaryschool.　　Thevariousdisciplines,orfieldsofstudy,areorganizedbydepartment.Thesedepartmentsarestaffedbyfacultymembersrangingfromfullprofessorsto　　instructors.Afullprofessorhastenure,whichispermanentappointmentwithguaranteedemploymentattheinstitutionuntilhisretirement.Rankingbelowthefullprofessorsaretheassociateprofessors,whomayormaynothavetenure,dependingonthepolicyoftheparticular

11collegeoruniversity.Nextaretheassistantprofessors,whodonothavetenure.Atthebottomofthisacademicladderaretheinstructors.Theyareusuallyyoungteacherswhohavejustreceivedtheirdoctoratesorwillreceivethemshortly.Sometimesgraduatestudentsareemployedaspart-timeteachingassistantswhiletheyarecompletingtheirgraduatework.　　Todayalmost5millionmenandmorethan3millionwomenattendmorethan2500collegesanduniversities.Approximately85percentoftheseschoolsarecoeducational,whichmeansthatbothmenandwomenareenrolledinthesameinstitutions.Collegesrangeinsizefromafewhundredstudentstomanythousands.Severaluniversitieshavemorethan20,000undergraduateandgraduatestudentsononecampus.Anumberoflargestateinstitutionsmaintainbranchesonseveraldifferentcampusesthroughoutthestate.Classesvaryfromseminars,orsmalldiscussiongroups,offewerthantwentytolargelecturecoursesforhundredsofstudents.　　Approximatelyone-fourthofallcollegeanduniversitystudentsattendprivateinstitutions.Thereststudyatstateormunicipal,publiclyfinancedcollegesanduniversities.Everystatehasatleastonepublicuniversity,andinadditionthereareseveralhundredstateandlocallysupportedcolleges.Theacademicprogramsoftheseprivateandpublicinstitutionsareverysimilar.Indeed,thereareonlyafewimportantdifferencesbetweenpublicandprivatecolleges.Privatecollegesareprivatelyorganizedandprivatelyrun;publicinstitutionsareoperatedunderthecontrolofstateorlocalofficials.Theotherdifferencesinvolveadmissionspoliciesandthemethodsbywhichpublicandprivateinstitutionsarefinanced.　　Admissiontoastateuniversityisusuallyopentoallmenandwomenwhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolsofthestateandwhohavesatisfactoryhighschoolrecords.Manystateuniversitiesrequirestudentstoearnhighscoresonachievementandaptitudeexaminations,buttheunderlyingphilosophyisthatallstudentswhowantaneducationandarequalifiedshouldhavetheopportunitytocontinuetheireducationatpublicinstitutions.Tuitionratesarelow,comparedtoprivate-collegecosts,andscholarshipaidandloansarefrequentlyavailable.Afewnonresidentsareadmittedtostateschools,buttheymustpaymuchhighertuitionfeesthanresidentsofthestate.　　Admissiontosomeprivatecollegesismoreselectiveandrigidthanadmissiontosomepublicinstitutions,andfrequentlythestudentbodyissmaller.Highschoolapplicantstosomeprivatecollegesmustsubmitdetailedapplicationforms,andtheymusttakescholasticaptitudeandachievementexaminations.Collegeadmissionscommitteesdecidewhichstudentstoaccept,basingtheirjudgmentontheseapplications,theresultsoftheexaminations,highschoolrecords,andotherfactorssuchaspersonalinterviewswiththeapplicantsandlettersofrecommendationfromhighschoolteachers.Forcertaincolleges,suchasHarvard,Yale,Princeton,Stanford,andColumbia,applicationsusuallyfarexceedthenumberofstudentswhoareaccepted.In1975,forexample,Harvardreceived7620applicationsfor1500availableplaces.　　Theaverageprivatecollegetuitionintheearly1970swas$2161ayear.Thisfigurewasapproximatelyfourtimesgreaterthantheaveragepublic-collegetuition.AtHarvard,tuitioncost

12$3200in1973-1974.TheUniversityofMassachusetts,apubliclysupportedinstitutioninthesamestate,charged$300forastateresident.Thesetuitionfiguresdonotincludethecostsofroom,food,andothereverydaylivingexpenses.Somestudentsreceivescholarshipassistanceandloanstohelppayforthecostoftheireducation.Manystudentsatprivateandpubliccollegesworkwhiletheyareattendingschool,inordertopaytheirexpenses.　　Almost1500Americancollegesanduniversitiesareprivatelyorganizedandfinanced.Morethanhalftheincomeoftheseinstitutionscomesfromstudenttuitionpayments.Therestcomesfromprivategifts,endowmentearnings,andsomefederalresearchgrants,Becauseofsteadilyrisingcosts,manyprivateinstitutionshavehadtoraisetuitionrates,reducescholarshipaid,andlimitsomeacademicprograms.Thepoorfinancialconditionofmostprivateinstitutionsisaveryseriousproblemintheworldofhighereducationtoday.　　Studentfeesaccountforonly15percentoftheincomeofpubliccollegesanduniversities.Therestcomesfrommunicipalorstateandsomefederalgovernmentsources.Althoughpublicinstitutionshavealsoexperiencedtheproblemofrisingcosts,theyhaveoftenbeenabletodependonstatelegislatorsforfinancialsupport.Inlargepartthissupportmaybeexplainedbythelegislators'response*othewishesofthepeoplewhoelectedthemandtogeneralacceptanceoftheAmericantraditionthateveryonewhoisqualifiedshouldhavetheopportunitytocontinuehisclimbuptheeducationalladderatpubliclyfinancedinstitutions.　　1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallhighschoolgraduateswhowantaneducationandarequalifiedwillhavetheopportunityforfurthereducationineitherpublicorprivateuniversities.　　2.Accordingtothepassage,aboutthreefourthsofcollegeanduniversitystudentsarestudyinginthepublicinstitutions.　　3.Privateinstitutions.enjoyhigherreputationofgoodteachingquality,althoughtheyhavesimilaracademicprogramswithpublicinstitutions.　　4.Studentscanstudyforamaster'sdegreeorthedegreeofDoctorofPhilosophyinanyinstitutionsaslongastheycanmeetalltherequirements.　　5.Theassistantprofessorsarerightnexttothefullprofessorsintheacademicladder.　　6.Theaveragetuitionofprivatecollegeswasaboutfourtimesmorethanthatofpubliccollegesintheearly1970s,whichaccountedforhalfofthetotalincome.　　7.Themajorityofthestudentswhograduatefromhighschoolsgoonwiththeireducationintheinstitutionsofhigherlearning.　　8.Acollegeseniorissupposedtofocushisstudyon______.　　9.Thattheoperationofthecollegesanduniversitiesrestswithstateorlocalgovernmentisthecharacteristicof______.　　10.Theadmissionscommitteesofprivatecollegesareresponsiblefor______.　　I.Y2.Y3.NG4.N5.N6.N7.Y　　8.hismajor9.publicinstitutions10.decidingwhichstudentstoaccept

13四、完形填空：AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1，000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.　　Pearsonhas__1__togethertoworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproducea__2__millenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkey__3__anddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includingan__4__lifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorgans__5__intousebetweennowand2040.　　　　Pearsonalso__6__abreakthroughincomputerhumanlinks."Bylinking__7__toournervoussystem,computerscouldpickup__8__wefeeland,hopefully,simulate__9__toosothatwecanstartto__10__fullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,"hesays.　　　　Butthat,Pearsonpoints__11__,isonlythestartofman-machine__12__:"Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwill__13__leadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury."__14__hisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.However,therearestillno__15__forwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbe__16__,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.　　　　Buthedoes__17__socialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswill,forexample,__18__problemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsynthetic__19__robotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeableto__20__betweentheirhumanfriendsandthedroids.Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder-kitchenrage.　　1.[A]taken[B]pieced[C]kept[D]made　　2.[A]complicated[B]delicate[C]subtle[D]unique　　3.[A]breakthroughs[B]findings[C]events[D]incidents　　4.[A]expanded[B]extended[C]enlarged[D]enriched　　5.[A]being[B]becoming[C]carrying[D]coming6.[A]schedules[B]plans[C]predicts[D]designs　　7.[A]directly[B]instantly[C]precisely[D]automatically　　8.[A]that[B]how[C]what[D]all　　9.[A]thinking[B]hearing[C]sight[D]feeling　　10.[A]form[B]develop[C]find[D]undertake11.[A]out[B]at[C]to[D]toward　　12.[A]program[B]production[C]experiment[D]integration　　13.[A]finally[B]ultimately[C]utterly

14[D]absolutely　　14.[A]Through[B]Though[C]During[D]By　　15.[A]forecasts[B]articles[C]stories[D]meetings　　16.[A]advisable[B]affordable[C]available[D]valuable17.[A]solve[B]arose[C]exercise[D]expect　　18.[A]confront[B]cause[C]witness[D]collect　　19.[A]lovely[B]likely[C]lifelike[D]lively　　20.[A]distinguish[B]differ[C]diagnose[D]deviate　　答案：　　1.Bpiecetogether拼凑，结合　　2.Dcomplicated复杂的；delicate精致的，脆弱的；subtle狡猾的，敏感的；unique唯一的，独特的　　3.Abreakthrough突破；finding发现；event事件；incident事件，事变　　4.Bexpanded膨胀的，扩张的；extended伸出的，延长的；enlarged放大的，扩大的；enriched浓缩的，强化的；extendlifeexpectance延长寿命。　　5.Dcomeintouse开始投入使用　　6.Cschedule确定时间；plan计划；predict预测；design设计　　7.Adirectly直接地；instantly立即；precisely精确地；automatically自动地　　8.C　　9.D根据上文whatwefeel,以及下文fullsensoryenvironments，可知D符合文意。　　10.B　　11.Apointto和pointat都是“指向”的意思，pointout指出，提出　　12.Dintegration综合，集成，此处指人机一体化　　13.Bfinally表示久等之后，有时表示在一系列因素的最后一个，eg:Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinGreece.　　ultimately指最后，终于，基本上，即达到最高界线。eg:Ultimatelypeoplerelyonsciencetogainanunderstandingofbiologicalphenomena.　　14.Athrough为连词，后应接句子；during表示过程；by表示方式、手段或借助某种工具。　　15.Aforecast先见，预测　　16.Cavailable可利用的，可行的　　17.D注意主语是人，不选arose　　18.B　　19.Clovely可爱的，有趣的；likely可能的；lifelike逼真的；lively活泼的　　20.Adistinguishbetween;differfrom;diagnose诊断；deviatefrom背离

15