英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版

英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版

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英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版1.aminimumunitofmeaning:(morpheme)2.amorphemetowhichaffixescanbeadded:(root)3.alinguisticformthatcanoccurasanindependentword:(freeform) 4.amorphemethatmustoccurwithatleastoneothermorpheme:(boundform)5.aboundmorphemeattachedtoabase(rootorstem):(affix)6.anaffixattachedtothebeginningofabase(rootorstem):(prefix) 7.anaffixattachedtotheendofabase(rootorstem):(suffix)8.anaffix(inEnglish,usuallyasuffix)thatchangestheformofawordwithoutchangingitspartofspeechorbasicmeaning:(inflectionalaffix) 9.theprocessbywhichnoninfectionalaffixesareaddedtorootstoformwords:(derivation)10.theprocessofjoiningtogethertwolinguisticformswhichcanfunctionindependently:(compounding)各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:(acou-听,GK)2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronautics,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere:(aero-空气GK)3.agenda,agent,agile,active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,ac-做L)4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronomic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype:(agr-土地L)5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto:(alt-高L)6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:(am-,amor-爱L)7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioamplifier:(ampl-充足L)  8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial:(ann-年L)9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropography,anthropophagus:(anthrop-人类GK)10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct:(aqu-水L)11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend:(arch-首要GK)12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astronautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy:(astr-星GK)13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:(atmo-气体GK)14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,audiophile,audition,auditor,auditorium:(aud-听L)15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,autoinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype:(auto-自己GK)16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:(bar-压力GK)17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-深海的GK)18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilism,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist:(biblio-书籍GK)19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectricity,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope,biosyntheses,biotic:(bio-生命GK)  20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge:(bre-简短L)用否定前缀in-(及其变体),non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词:mature:imregular:irconsiderate:innoble:incontentious:nonlegitimate:ilmetal:nonpassive:imferrous:nonaccuracy:inendurable:unvariance:ininductive:nonlegible:ilreasonable:unrational:irscrupulous:unstaple:nonbalance:imlegalize:il写出下列单词中前缀的意义:antecedent:beforebyproduct:nearapocope:offenclose:inendobiotic:insideepitaph:outsideexpire:outforetell:beforehypocrite:beneathinclude:ininfrared:underintercede:between:intramural:withinintrospect:intooutbid:exceedingoverwork:beyondpostgraduate:afterprecede:beforeproceed:forwardretrospect:backsubscribe:belowsuperman:abovesupramundane:beyondtransmit:acrossultraconservatism:extreme以所列的单词为第一个成分,根据定义写出复合名词(A)green:1.astretchofland,roundatown,wherebuildingisnotallowed,sothatfieldswoods,etc,remain:greenbelt 2.ashop-keeperwhosellsvegetablesandfruit:greengrocer3.ayoung,inexperiencedperson,especiallymale,whoiseasilycheated:greenhorn4.aroominatheatreorconcerthallwhereactorsmusicians,etc.,canrestwhennotperforming:greenroom(B)hand:1.asmallbagforawomantocarryhermoneyandpersonalthingsin:handbag2.ashortbookgivingallthemostimportantinformationaboutasubject:handbook3.anapparatusthatstopsavehicle,workedbythedriver’shand:handbreak 4.abarofwoodormetalfixedbesideaplacewhereonewalksforholdingonto,especiallynearstairs:handrail(C)after: 1.Thecareortreatmenttosomeoneafteraperiodinhospital,prison,etc:aftercare2.aneffect(usuallyunpleasant)thatfollowssometimeafterthecauseorafterthemaineffect:aftereffect3.atastethatstaysinthemouthafterthefoodthatcauseditinnolongerthere:aftertaste4.anideathatcomeslater:afterthought(D)sleeping:1alargethickenvelopeorbagofwarmmaterialforsleepinginwhencamping:sleepingbag2arailwaycarriagewithbedsforpassengers:sleepingcar3apillwhichhelpsapersontosleep:sleepingpill4.apartnerinabusinesswhotakesnoactivepartinitsoperation:sleepingpartner(E)running:1.apersonwithwhomanotherisrunningforapairofpoliticalpositionsofgreaterorlessimportance,especiallythoseofPresidentandvice-Prisident:runningmate2.handwritinginwhichthelettersareslantedandthewordsformedwithoutliftingthepen:runninghand 3.aheadlinerepeatedonconsecutivepages(asofabook):runninghead4.afootboardespeciallyatthesideofanautomobile:runningboard(F)wash:1.alargefixedbasinforwaterforwashingone’shandsandface:washbasin2.amovableboardwithawavysurfaceagainstwhichclothesmayberubbedwhenwashing:washboard 3.awomanwhosejobistowashclothes,ofteninherownhome:washerwoman4.acloththatisusedforwashingone’sfaceandbody:washcloth(G)sun:1.theconditionofhavingsoreskinafterexperiencingtheeffectsofstrongsunlight:sunburn2aflashofsunlight,especiallythroughabreakinclouds:sunburst3.thetimewhenthesunisseentodisappearasnightbegins:sunset4.strongsunlight,aswhentherearenoclouds:sunshine(H)break:1.aasuddenfailureinoperation:breakdown2.theunlawfulcanteringofabuilding,usingforce:break-in3.theactionofforcingawaythroughtheenemy:breakthrough4.adivisionintsmallerparts:breakup(I)out:1.suddenappearanceorbeginningofsomethingbad:outbreak2.apublicshowofanger:outcry 3.moneyspentforapurpose:outlay4.awaythroughwhichsomething(usuallyaliquidoragas)maygoout:outlet将下列复合动词译成汉语Blue-pencil:修改,校正cold-shoulder:冷淡court-martial:对...进行军法审判Handcuff:将...上手铐pitch-fork:骤然;把...塞进sandbag:用沙袋阻塞Shipwreck:船只失事short-circuit:使短路snowball:(滚雪球似的)增长Wisecrack:说俏皮话找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Ashy,frightenedchild…”NametheCzarofRussia”2.Atoncethevillagersformedacircle…3.AgamermnonwiththerestoftheGreekarmysailedaway..4.AlmostbeforetheTrojanscouldarmthemselves..5.Ibegantosee…wouldexpectalargepursestuffedwith..6.Afewyearsagothelandladylockedthefront7.Anupstairs…,questionedthemenand…8.Thechildrenheadedtowardschool…9.Likethe…,branchingout…10.Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshrouded…11.Theyboardedboats12.Theday-to-day…hardtomeasure,13.,smogresults14.Thereareafewsuccessstoriesinbattlingair…15.Pollutioncanbetrappedbefore16.Ifnationstradeditem17.She’stheonewho’ssappedyourconfidence.18.…,fairlywelldressedbut19.Theyoung…bypocketingthemoney.20.Butthepreparation…toflakeoffeven…形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Calmingdown,…2.SuchwasPompeii…hasbeenclearedaway.3.Housesandclothesmustbecleanedmorefrequently4.…”helpedraisethestandardoflivingandlowerthestandardofair”5.…Therehisfatheropenedabusiness…6.TheAcademyofSciencewasclosedtohim7.…torisearecooledand…8.Heemptiedout…9.…,andittookhalfanhourtofreehim10.Thewetclotheswillsoondryinthesun.动词转名词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Whyisthisenormousincreaseinpopulation…tothespreadofthe…2.…cametotheaidofthesurgeon…3.Iknowmyfriendsfromthefeeloftheirfaces.4.…personalitiesbytouch5.…,betweenserves6.…ofhisslowgrins7.…anappealinglook.8.…hasgivenrisetothese…9.…asifitwereachewoftobacco.10.…getridofRex.写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称1.USautoworkersendstrike.(automobile)2.SovietsuboffJapan.(submarine)3.Palestiniandemosmarkmassacres.(demonstrations)4.US:firstuseofnukeweaponsnotunlawful.(nuclear)5.ViettroopssuffersetbackinKampuchea.(Vietnamese)6.Iranasksforintoonstolengems.(information)7.PetrochemicalCorpbuilds42banks.(corporation)8.Rural-creditco-opstogetmoreautonomy.(cooperatives)9.WEuropeactstomeethigh-techchallenge.(high-technology)10.SetbackforgoverningpartiesinEurovote.(European)写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语1.AIM:AirInterceptMissile空中截击导弹2.BADGE:BaseAirDefenceGroundEnvironment基地防空地面警备系统3.BAR:BrowningAutomaticRifle勃朗宁自动步枪4.CAR:CivilAirRegulations民航条例5.CORE:CongressofRacialEquality争取权平等大会6.DOP:developing-outpaper相纸7.FIAT:FabbricaItalianaAutomobili菲亚特汽车公司8.MAP:MilitaryAidProgram军事援助计划9.MOSS:mannedorbitalspacestation在人轨道空站10.MOUSE:minimumorbitalunmannedsatellitetheearth不载人的最小地球卫星11.NANA:NorthAmericaNewspaperAlliance北美报业联盟12.NATO:NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织13.OPEC;OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织14.SALT:StrategicArmsLimitationTalks限制战略武器会谈15.SAM:surface-to-airmissile地对空导弹16.SEATO:SoutheastAsiaTreatyOrganizaion东南亚条约组织17.SHAPE:SupremeHeadquartersofAlliedPowersinEurope欧洲盟军最高司令部18.UFO:UnidentifiedFlyingObject不明飞行物19.Vera:Visionelectronicrecordingapparatus电子录像机20.Zip:Zoneimprovementplan邮政编码制度写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来1.globe-trot:globe-trotter2..brainwash:brainwashing3.ghost-write:ghost-writer4.sleep-walk:sleep-walker5.spoon-feed:spoon-fed6.air-condition:air-conditioning7.book-keep:book-keeper8.browbeat:browbeating9..caretake:caretaker10.gatecrash:gatecrasher11.housebreak:housebreaker12.housekeep:housekeeper13.mass-produce:mass-production14.muckrake:muckraker15.proof-read:proof-reading16.sightsee:sightseeing17.stage-manage:stage-manager18.merry-make:merry-making19.street-walk:street-walker20.window-shop:window-shopping下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来:A.1.towalklaboriously,witheffort:pold,trudge2.towalklikeaduck:waddle3.towalkinapompousoraffectedmanner:struct4.toslideanddragthefeet:stagger5.towalkinaloose,ungainlyway:slouch6.towalkwithlongsteps:stride7.towalkaffectedlywithshortsteps:mince8.towalkslowly,wastingtime:dawdle9.towalkasifwearingslippers:shuffle10.towalkinabusy,activeway:hustleB.1.tospeakinaslow,prolongedmanner:drawl2.tomakeinvoluntarybreaksinutterance:stammer3.toexpressdispleasurewithcompressedlips:mutter4.totalkrapidly,makinginarticulatesounds:gabble5.topronouncethesibilantletterimperfectly:lisp6.tohaveafriendlytalkaboutfamilythings:chat,yarn7.tospreadidlegossipe:tattle8.totalkonandanabouttrifling,childishthings:prattle9.tospeakwithcontempt:sneer10.tospeakfanatically:rave根据下列动物的属性,指出他们的象征意义:1.ant:frugalityandprovision2.ape:uncleanness,malice,lust3.bat:blindness4.bear:ill—temper5.bee:industey6.bull:strength7.calf:lumpshness8.camel:submission9.cat:deceit10.cock:vigilance11.crocodile:hypocrisy12.crow:longevity13.dog:fidelity14.dove:innocence15.eagle:majesty16.elephant:sagacity17fly:feebleness18.fox:cunning19goose:conceit20.hare:timidity下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词:1.brother:fraternal2.Cat:feline3.child:puerile4.daughter:filial5.day:diurnal6.dog:canine7.ear:auricular8.earth:terrestrial9.egg:oval10.eye:ocular11.father:paternal12.fire:igneous13.foe:hostile14.fox:vulpine15.friend:amicable16.hand:manual17.head:capital18.heart:cordial19.heaven:celestial20.horse:equine21.husband:marital22.kidney:renal23.knight:equestrian24.life:vital25.light:lucid26.lip:labial27.man:human28.milk:lactic29.mind:mental30.moon:lunar31.mother:maternal32.mouth:oral33.name:nominal34.night:nocturnal35.nose:nasal36.ox:bovine37.room:spacious38.sea:marine39.sheep:ovine40.sight:visible41.skin:cutaneous42.son:filial43.spring:vernal44.stream:fluvial45.star:stellar46.sun:solar47.time:temporal48.tongue:lingual49.tooth:dental50.town:urban51.tree:arboreal52.truth:veracious53.war:bellicose54.water:aqueous55.wife:conjugal56.world:mundane57.worm:vermicular58.woman:feminine59.youth:juvenile60.book:literaey选择适当的单词填入句子1.Hewaitedwith(bated)breath.2.Thebrotherandsisterareboth(blondes).3.Thereisa(break)intheclouds.4.Her(bridal)grownwastrimmedwithlace.5.A(pedal)ofthebicyclefelloff.6.Cromwell(reigned)overEnglandlikeaking.7.Thewreckersbeganto(raze)thebuilding.8.Althoughwewatchedcarefully,theguardremained(stationary)foronehour.9.Edgarcannotsailuntilhehasafull(complement)ofmenforhiscrew,and…..10.Ericwasatirelessscholar,hewould(pore)overhisbookswithoutabreakuntil….将下列各组词分别填入句子A1.John’naturewasso(sanguine)thatweallfeltcheeredup….2.Thebattlewasso(sanguinary)thathardlyacombatant…...B1.Wecouldnothaveaworsejudgethantheonewehad,hewascompletely(uninterested)inthecaseand…..2.WecouldnothaveabetterjudgethanJudgeBlandford;hewasfriendly,knowledgeable,andaboveallcompletely(disinterested).C1.Althoughweplayedthemoneventermsforthefirsthalf,thesecondhalfwasa(rout).2.Togettoourcottageyoufollow(route)….D1.The(official)inchargeofthegame…2.Timewasso(officious)inhisnewjob…..E1.Thedresswasmadeofsynthetic(material).2.Thegeneralneedsmoretroopsand(materiel).F1.The(moral)ofthestory….2.The(morale)ofourtroopsishigh.G1.Allmenare(fallible).2.Theargument,convincing……..tobe(fallacious).H1.SomesayShakespearetakes(precedence)overall….2.Therewasno(precedent)forthegrantingofa….I1.John,whowassullenand(taciturn)bynature,foundthat….2.Theyarrivedata(tacit)agreement.J1.Thebuildingplansare(impracticable).2.Myhusband…..,butheisso(unpractical)thathecannot…用英语解释下列句子中help及其派生词的意义1.Ifyouwanttolosesomeweight,Jim,youmuststartavoidingsecondhelpings.(secondservings)2.“Godhelpme!”hemurmured…..(protest)3.Hegaveusahelpinghandwhenwewereintrouble.(i.e.hehelpedus)4.Yes,Iknowhe’sarascal,butIcan’thelplikinghim.(i.e.Ican’tbutlikehim)5.Didyouhaveanyhelpfromanyonewith…..(assistance)6.Don’tbeawaylongerthanyoucanhelp.(avoid)7.Idothinkyoucouldhavebeenabitmorehelpful.(readyorwillingtoassist)8.“Help!Help!I’mdrowning!”(Saveme)9.IamverysorrybutIcan’thelpit.(i.e.Ican’tdootherwise)10.CanIhelpyouinanyway?(assistyou)11.Weareabithardupthismonth,mydear,sodon’tspendmorethanyoucanhelp.(avoid)12.Givemeonlyaverysmallhelping,please.(serving)13.I’mtellingyouthetruth,sohelpmeGod!(i.e.MayGodpunishmeifIamnot!)14.We’reawfullysorrythatweweregiggling–butwecouldn’thelpit.(i.e.doanythingtostopit)15.Wouldyouhelpmetocarrythissuitcase,please?(assist)16.Wouldyouhelpmetosomepotatoes,please?(i.e.servemewith)17.Yourliverisnotinaverygoodcondition…….ifIcouldhelpit.(avoid)18.Yourpresencewasextremelyhelpful,…(i.e.itgavegreatassistance)19.Thehelpingyougavemewouldhavefedafootballteam!(serving)20.Thewhiskyisonthetable…Helpyourself.(i.e.Takewhatyouwant,whenyouwantit)写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义1Sorrow,grief,anguish…..(distressofmind)2Bad,evil,wicked,…(notethicallyacceptable)3Regard,respect,esteem…(torecognizetheworthofapersonorthing)4Disprove,refute,confute…(toshowortrytoshowbypresentingevidencetharsomethingisnottrue)5.Incline,bias,dispose…(toinfluenceonetohaveortakeanattitudetowardsomething)6.Level,flat,plane…(havingasurfacewithoutbends,curvesorirregularities)7.Generous,liberal,liberate,….(givingfreelyandunstingily)8.Free,release,liberate,…(toloosefromconstraintorrestraint)9.Frank,candid,open…(showwillingnesstosaywhatonethingsorfeels)10Envious,jealous(begrudginganother’spossessionofsomething)

111Assert,declare,affirm,protest…(tostateorputforwardpositively,usuallyinanticipationoforinthefacedenialorobjection)12.Aggressive,militant,assertive…(conspicuouslyorobtrusivelyactiveorenergetic)13.Agile,polite….(actingormovingwitheasyalacrity)14.Civil,polite,gallant…(observantofformsrequiredbygoodbreeding)15.Vociferous,clamorous,blatant,…(soloudorinsistentastocompelattention)16.Bear,suffer,endure…(toputupwithsomethingtryingorpainful)17.Decrease,lessen,diminish…(togrowormakeless)18.Heritage,inheritance,patrimony…(somethingreceivedfromaparentorpredecessor)19.Keepretain,detain..(toholdinone’spossessionorunderone’scontrol)20.Bare,nakednude…(deprivedofnaturallyorconventionallyappropriatecovering)指出并改正误用词语1.Theconvictpacedwithinthe….(confound)应改为(confines)2.Irememberthename,but…..(replace)…(recall)3.Hisantisocialbehaviourresultsfromlackof…..(formidable)…(formative)4.WhenIgrowupIwanttobea…..(pronouncer)…(announcer)5.Heleftenoughleave-wayfor….(leave-way)…(leeway)6.Theflagranceofher….(flagrance)…(fragrance)7.IfoundtheOrientaldishes….(palpable)…(palatable)8.Thecorpsehadbeensodissectedover….(dissected)…(dislocated)9.Thecolonel’sappearancewassomaritalwith….(marital)…(martial)10.Ourelementaryneedswereplannedfor…..(elementary)..(alimentary)11.Itishopedthatthiscoursewillenlarge….(perimeter)…(parameter)12.Ifwelooklongenoughinthismaterialwe…(statue)…(statute)13.Hedessertedhisfriendsjustwhentheyneededhim.(desserted)…(deserted)14.Kurthadbeeninnocuousagainstinfluenza,buthe….(innocuous)…(inoculated)15.Ericwassoingenuousabouthousehold….(ingenuous)..(ingenious)16.Thedinosaursmayhavebeenunabletoadopt…(adopt)…(adapt)17.Aftertheirbriefalterationtheyshookhands,…(alteration)..(altercation)18.Thegamecametoaclimaticfinishwith…(climatic)…(climactic)19.Themountainlionsareallextantinthemountains;not….(extant)…(extinct)20.Mother’sdreamswereirreverenttothe…(irreverent)..(irrelevant)用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词1arm:disarm2.honour:dishonor3.join:disjoin4.legible:illegible5.legitimate:illegitimate6.mature:immature7.moderate:immoderate8.fertile:infertile9.sanitary:insanitary10.resolute:irresolute11.reverent:irreverent12.trust:mistrust13.fit:misfit14.understand:misunderstand15.adjacent:nonadjacent16.existence:nonexistence17.alliance:non-alliance18.conscious:unconscious19.intelligence:unintelligent20.symmetrical:unsymmetrical找出下列各组同义词相应的反义词A1.fast(slow)2.rapid(leisurely)3quick(sluggish)4.hasty(deliberate)5.speedy(dilatory)B.1.beautiful(ugly)2.pretty(plain)3.fair(foul)4.lovely(unlovely)C.1.come(go)2.arrive(depart)3.reach(leave)4.gain(lose)D.1.happiness(misery)2.joy(sorrow)3.delight(distress)4.enjoyment(suffering)下列各词都经历了词义范围的变化,a演变前b演变后,判断词义是扩大还是缩小;1.starve缩小a.todieb.dieorsufferacutelyfromhunger2.person缩小a.personb.paster3.box扩大a.containtermadeofboxwoodb.containeringeneral4.beef缩小a.oxb.meatoftheox5.citizen扩大a.cityb.inhabitantofstateornation6.voyage缩小a.journeyb.journeybywater7.mill扩大a.placeforgrindingb.placeformilkingthings8.frock扩大a.garmentofamonkb.variouskindsofgarments9.dismantle扩大a.tostripofdressormantleb.tostripoffurnitureorequipment10.campus缩小a.fieldb.groundsofacollege11.operate缩小a.toperformanyoperationb.toperformanceasurgicaloperation12.charge扩大a.load;burdenb.task;responsibility,price,etc.13.drowse缩小a.tosinkb.tosinkintosleep14.layman扩大a.onewhoisnotofclergyb.onewhoisnotanexpert15.ferry缩小a.tocarryb.totransportacrossariver16.chant缩小a.tosingb.tointone17.butcher扩大a.onewhokillshe-goatsb.onewhokillsanimalsforfood18.chamber扩大a.roomb.room;legislativebody,etc.19.hound缩小a.dogb.huntingdog20.tail扩大a.hairycaudalappendageofananimalb.anythinglikeananimal’stailinformorposition现代英语中专门术语进入日常生活并扩大了词义,找出与下列术语对应的一般意义1.alibiexcuse2.scenariodescriptionofapossible3.charismatichavingpopularappeal4.compulsivehabitual5.catalystanystimulusinhasteningaresult6.ambiancequality,feeling,etc.ofaplace7.osmosissubtleorgradualabsorptionormingling8.psychologymentalprocesses9.syndromedistinctiveorcharacteristicpaternofbehaviour10.subliminalofwhichoneisnotconsciouslyaware11.parameterdeterminingfactor.characteristic12.philosophypracticalopinionorbodyofopinions13.complexobsessionofanykind14.schizophreniaanymentaloremotionaldisorder15.interfaceconnection16.neuroticnervous,eccentric,giventoworry17.sadismcruelty18.bottomlineconclusion,clincher19.paradigmtypicalexampleofsth20.exhibitionismshowingoff下列词经历了词义褒贬的变化,a和b是演变前后的词义,判断是褒义化还是贬义化1.sturdy褒a.sternstubbornrecklessb.stoutvigorousfirm2.reek贬a.smokeb.stink3.counterfeit贬a.tocopytoreproduceb.toimitatewithintenttodeceive4.fame褒a.rumourreportb.celebrityrenown5.mischievous褒a.disastrousb.playfullyannoying6.civil褒a.ofitizensb.cultured;courteous7.smirk贬a.smileb.simper8.glamour褒a.spell;enchantmentb.attractiveness;allure9.busybody贬a.busypersonb.officiousandmeddlesomeperson10.churl贬a.freemanb.boor;niggard11.luxury褒a.lustb.sumptuousness12.err贬a.wanderb.goastray13.chiffon褒a.ragb.sheerfabricofsilk,etc.14.brook贬a.toenjoy;tomakeuseofb.toendure;totolerate15.elocution贬a.styleofspeakingb.studiedorartificialstyleofspeaking16.fair贬a.beautiful;pleasantb.moderate;tolerable17.sergeant褒a.servantb.non-commissionedofficer18.dizzy褒a.foolishb.vertiginous19.inquisition贬a.investigationb.persecution20.sophisticated褒a.overlycomplexorrefinedb.sufficientlycomplexorknowing动物名称比喻人,还可转化为动词描绘人的动作,说明下列词的隐喻意义A.动物名词1.bull粗壮的男子2.butterfly举止轻浮的人(尤指妇女)3.cat刁钻或居心叵测的女子4.dove温柔或纯真的妇女,儿童;鸽派(美国)5.goose傻瓜6.hawk掠夺成性的人;骗子;鹰派(美国)7.jackal为虎作伥的人;狗腿子8.lamb温顺的人;小宝贝9.lion勇猛异常的男人10.magpie喋喋不休的人11.mule执拗或顽固的人12.phoenix超群出众的人13.pig肮脏或贪吃的人;警察猪猡14.puss少女或小姑娘15.serpent阴险的毒辣的人16.sheep忸怩,温驯或胆小的人17.skunk卑鄙可恶的人18.sucker容易上当受骗的人19.swine下流坯;鄙俗的人20.vixen泼妇B.动物名称转化为动词1.tocrowover洋洋自得2.toferret搜索3.tofishfor探求;绕弯打听4.togull欺骗,使人上当5.tohound追逐逼迫6.tomonkey胡闹;嘲弄;模仿7.toparrot机械仿效,随声附和8.torat变节,告密9.toshark诈骗.勒索10.tosnake蜿蜒前进;拖曳隐喻的基础是形状,功能,褒贬的类似,据此区别以下斜体词语属哪种类型1.thetailofaprocession形状2.arayofhope功能3.awolfinsheep’sclothing贬义4.anearlybird褒义5.piercingsound功能6.aflightoffancy功能7.thecupofthevalley形状8.crocodiletears贬义9.forksoftheroad形状10.torivetone’sgaze形状11.goldenhours褒义12.asaddleinthemountains形状13.loudcolours功能14.stonypoliteness贬义15.themantleofdarkness功能16.RichadtheLion-Heart褒义17.tormentsofjealousy功能18.theribsofvault形状19.awaterystyleofwriting贬义20.skyrocketingprices形状21.thebookoftime功能22.aloanshark贬义23.tobridleone’sanger功能24.asmartinvention褒义25.theheadoftheschool功能26.todiveintoabook形状27.tolendwingstosomeone功能28.amerewispofagirl形状29.thelungsofacity形状30.anunlickedcub贬义提喻是局部和整体之间的替代.判断下列A组各词和B组中的黑体词是局部喻整体(1)还是整体喻局部(2)所喻意义A1.headcattle12.redbreastrobin13.cornmaize24.roofhouseorhome15.cattlecows26.wheelsautomobiles17.bladesword18.cutthroatmurderer19.thesmilingyearspring210.hardtailsmules111.todialtotelephone112.fox/beaverthefuroftheanimal2B.1.amotortrip/themotorindustry12.meatanddrink13.aminkcoat24.abasketofprovisions25.tohaveawordwithsomeone16.totreadameasure27.Allhandsondeck!18.Thelawwasthereinforce.2写出下面委婉用语所代替的词1.torefreshoneself:toeat2.deranged:mad3.necropolis:cemetery4.perspiration:sweat5.unwise:foolish6.expectorate:spit7.indigestion:overeating8.inexpressibles:trousers9nethergarments:pants10.loan-office:pawnshop11.non-whites:blacks12.inaninterestingcondition:pregnant13publiccomfortstation:toilet14.deuce:devil15Golly:God16.Lad:Lord17prevaricate:lie18.laidtorest:buried19paying-guests:tenants20.tobenomore:todie简化下列复合名词并译成汉语1.bannerheadline:banner头号标题2.howlerhat:bowler圆顶大礼帽3.crepepaper:crepe绉织物(如绉绸、绉布等)4.dandy-cart:dandy二轮小车5.duckegg:duck零分6.flashback:flash倒叙7.hoarfrost:hoar白霜8.humanbeing:human人9.jacquardloom:jacquard提花机10.jockstrap:jock(运动员等用的)下身护体11.porter’sknot:knot垫肩12.kraftpaper:kraft牛皮纸13.turning-lathe:lathe车床14.poetlaureate:laureate桂冠诗人15.eyelid:lid眼睑16.linenpaper:linen亚麻纸17.roadmetal:metal碎石料18.smellingsalts:salts嗅盐19.sapwood:sap白木质20.Teddyboy:Teddy无赖青年指出各对同义词的本族语词1.beak-bill2.break-sever3.feed-nourish4.amity-friendship5.prevent-hinder6.begin-commence7.womanly-feminine8.wet-humid9.solitary-lonely10.people-folk11.deep-profound12.exterior-outer13.cordial-hearty14.dale-valley15.have-possess16.conceal-hide17deed-action18.holy-sacred19.give-present20.aid-help21.inner-interior22.deadly-mortal23.motherly-maternal24.question-ask25.masculine-manly26.buy-purchase27.thin-tenuous28.earthly-terrestrial29.royal-kingly30.fatherly-paternal31violin-fiddle32.domestic-homely33.mount-rise34.world-universe35.answer-reply36.celestial-heavenly37.vivacious-lively38.bodily-corporal39.brotherhood-fraternity40.aqueous-watery英译汉1.Chinesecabbage白菜2.chinesespinach菠菜3.Chinesedate枣子4.Chineseeddo芋头5.Chinesegooseberry猕猴桃6.Chineseoil桐油7.Chinesegoose鸿雁8.Chinesewall长城9.Chineseblock木鱼10.Chineseboxes套盒11.Chineseink墨12.Chinesepuzzle七巧板13.Chinesered橙红色14.Chineselantern灯笼15.Chinesechequers跳棋16.Chinesecalendar农历17.Chineseherbalmedicine中草药18.Chineserestaurantsyndrome中国餐厅综合症将下列科学术语译成汉语:1、aerotrain:飞行火车2.artificialintelligence:人工智能3.astrobiology:太空生物学4.barratrics:肥胖症治疗法5.callositics:遗传分类学6.cogeneration:废热发电7.cosmodon:太空站8.cryonics:人体冷冻学9.cytoecology:细胞生态学10.datamation:自动化数据处理11.dysgenesis:发育不良12.ecosphere:生态层13.euphenics:优种学14.exocrinology:外分泌学15.fetology:胎儿学16.fibreoptics:纤维光学17.hardscience:硬科学(指自然科学)18.inertiawelding:惯性焊接19.informationretrieval:信息检索20.launchvehicle:运载火箭21.linearalgebra:线性代数22.macroinstruction:宏观指令23.marsquake:火星地震24.microprocessor:微型电脑25.neonatology:新生儿生理学26.nerveagent:神经毒剂27.oncogenicity:致癌性28.parameter:参数,参量29.photobotany:光植物学30.planetology:行星学31.plasmaphysics:等离子物理学32.quantumchemistry:量子化学33.retro-rocketry:制动火箭学34.revascularization:换血管术35.saucerman:外太空人36.sealab:海底实验室37.selenodesy:月面测量学38.test-tubebaby:试管婴儿39.thermalbreeder-reactor:热增殖反应堆40.videophone:电视电话将下列新复合词译成汉语:1.after-saleservice:售后服务2.apartmentcomplex:公寓建筑群3.armwrestling:扳手腕4.bad-mouth:恶意中伤5.bait-andswitch:“上钩掉包”诱售法的6.beamweapon:激光束武器7.bed-in:露宿示威8.bodylanguage:身势语9.bubbletop:(汽车)透明防弹圆罩10.buzzword:时髦词语11.convenientfood:方便食品12.cruisemissile:巡航导弹13.cup-tied:参加优胜杯决赛的14.darkcomedy:黑色喜剧15.databank:数据库16.day-care:日托的17.dietpill:减肥丸18.dunkshot:篮球塞射(砸篮)19.familyplanning:计划生育20.flick-knife:弹簧折刀21.floorexercise:自由体操22.free-associate:自由联想23.happyhour:(酒吧)减价供应饮料的时间24.honeywagon:垃圾车25.hot-dog:太棒了26.man-on-man:(球赛)人盯人27.overheadwalkway:行人大桥28.pop-top/ringpull:易拉罐29.popwine:果味甜酒30.rentstrike:集体抗租31.retortpouch:软装罐头32.shunpike:驾车走支路33.sick-out:集体托病怠工34.shinny-dip:裸泳35.sober-up:解酒的36.spacetalk:宇航术语37.spy-in-the-sky:侦查卫星38.talkshow/chatshow:名人现场采访节目39.value-addedtax:增值税40.vanitysurgery:美容外科将下列各词的英式拼写改为美式拼写:1.draught:draft2.plough:plow3.litre:liter4.offence:offense5.pyjamas:pajamas6.cheque:check7.flyer:flier8.scepticism:skepticism9.harbour:harbor10.ensure:insure11.cosy:cozy12.manoeuvre:maneuver13.civilise:civilize14.anaemic:anemic15.gaol:jail16.inflexion:inflection17.moustache:mustache18.oesophagus:esophagus19.queue:cue20.shew:show将下列各词的英式拼写简化为美式拼写:1.counsellor:counselor2.remould:remold3.axe:ax4.cigarette:cigaret5.jewellery:jewelry6.omelette:omelet7.storey:story8.good-bye:good-by9.speciality:specialty10.towards:toward11.waggon:wagon12.catalogue:catalog13.aluminium:aluminum14.levelled:leveled15.moult:molt16.programme:program17.judgement:judgment18.licence:license19.amidst:amid20.practice,practise:practice用一个英语单词代替下列成语:1.ofone’sownaccord:voluntarily2.exchangeblowswith:fight3.getaway:escape4.onthenail:immediately5.playfalse:betray6.aslapintheface:insult7.inabody:collectively8.makeheadortailof:understand9.behindthetimes:unfashionable10.comeacross:discover11.underfalsecolours:falsely12.makeawaywith:destroy13.fromtimetotime:occasionally14.callon:visit15.neitherrhymenorreason:nonsense16.throwcoldwateron:discourage17.bytheway:incidentally18.bywordofmouth:verbally19.lordandmaster:husband20.behindcloseddoors:privately将下列名词性成语译成汉语:1.theaceoftrumps:主要的王牌,最有力的理由或要据.2.anappleofdiscord:争端,祸根3.theappleofone’seye:珍爱的人或东西4.abeastofburden:驮畜5.abedofroses:称心如意个环境6.abirdofpassage:候鸟,漂泊不定的人7.afishoutofwater:不适应环境的人8.aJackofalltrades杂而不精的人9.thelion’sshare:最大的一份10.alioninthetongue:拦路虎(尤指臆想的危难)11.aslipofthetongue:口误12.asnakeinthegrass:隐患

213.awildgoosechase:徒劳的搜索,无益的劳动14.awetblanket:扫兴的人15.awhiteelephant:无用而累赘的东西16.aswansong:最后的作品17.sourgrapes:酸葡萄18.anironhand:高压手段19.thegreen-eyedmonster:嫉妒20.adoginthemanger:占着茅坑不拉屎的人将下列隐喻成语的适当形式填入句子:1.Theshopkeepersspeakinslow,measuredtones,andthebuyers,overwhelmedbythesepulchralatmosphere,followsuit2.Neitherdoestherivertheory“holdwater”,inthefaceofwhatisknownaboutnoduledistribution.3.Whatnowseemstobeintheairisamultilateraldealbetweenthesevencountries…..4.Whentheyfindwhodonethatlastnight,whokilledthatkidan’itsmother,thenhightailedit,they’llthrowthebook,andnevermindwhoitis……5.Forthemightyarmyofconsumers,theultimateapplicationsofthecomputerrevolutionarestillaroundthebendofasiliconcircuit.6.Morethan100reporterswereonhand,andevenradioannouncers,whoforthefirsttimeinhistoryweretobroadcastajurytrial.7.Thejudgecalledforalocalministertoopenthesessionwithprayer,andthetrialgotunderway.8.P&O,forexample,whilestillouttoincreasethetotal…ButP&Ohasnointentionofthrowinginthetowel.9.Hewasstrugglingwiththeclaspsonhissuitcase,andPuggavehimahand.10.Onourwayback,everyU-boatintheAtlanticwillcertainlybeonbattlealert.Weshallhavetorunthegamut.11.OnenightChurchilltookthefloorintheAugustawashroomafterdinner,…….12.If,atsomefuturedate,itbecomesthewishofoursistercoloniestoeffectaseparation,wewillnotstandintheway.13.Thefactthattheirmarriagemaybeontherocks,orthattheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenoreventhat…14.Thepeasantswereallowedtoeattherabbitsthatscamperedovertheirfieldsand,sincethatmeatwascheap,theNormanlordsofcourseturneduptheirnosesatit.15.Likeme,theyhadbeendivorcedfromtheirorigins,anditturnedouttomakeverylittledifference….theyweremomoreathomeinEuropethanIwas.16.ButwhatisAnnaKareninadescribingifnotthetragicfateoftheisolatedindividual,atoddswithhertimeandplace?17.Theillicitjumpwefindhere,onthethresholdoftheinquiry,ischaractericofthe…18.Thesepeoplevotewithoutaqualmforthepoliticalpartiesthatquitesensibly-theircountryarm…totheteeth.19.NowadaysNewYearisoutofphasewithAmericantasteasoftenasitisoutofstepwithAmericanpolitics.20.Themotherwasonthevergeofpanic.Sheclutchedhisarmandkeptrepeating,…1、Itmaybeobjectedthatheisnotsophisticatedenoughtomediatethedisputebetweenthem.有人可能会提出异议说,他没有足够的本领能调解他们之间的纠纷。2、InthischapterIattemptamoregenerallookatthemainchangeswhichhavecomeaboutinEnglishusage.在这一章中,我准备比较概括地探讨一下英语惯用法的主要变化。3、Mostofthemregardhimasdeadwood,inept,incompetentandnowherenearastechnicallypreparedastheyare.他们大多数人认为他是一个无能的,不称职的人,起不了什么作用,而且在技能训练方面根本不能与他们相比。4、Theywillnotthinktheworseofyouforlackofexperience.他们不会因为你缺乏经验而把你想得很坏。5、Hehurriedaftertheprincessevenintoherinnermostapartment,withoutsomuchaswaitingtoremovehissandals.他连便鞋都等不及脱下就匆匆地跟着公主闯进了她那最里面的一间卧室。1、词的定义是什么?词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体。(词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。)2、英语词的构成方法有哪六种?派生法、合成法、转化法、拼缀法、逆成法、缩略法3、什么是词的语义理据?语义理据是一种联想,指词义的引申和比喻。4、什么是语义同义场?随着英语词汇的不断丰富,同义词群随之形成,由两个或三个组成的词义群扩大为由四个、五个或十几个构成的词义群,同义词群中有一个起支配作用的词,体现了其它同义词所共有的特征,这种词叫主导同义词,受其制约的语义场称之为谓语义同义场。5、写出HerbertH.Clark为词的联想提出的四条纵聚合规则和两条横组合规则。四条纵聚合规则1)最低特征对比规则2)特征的减少和增加规则3)标记规则4)范畴保持规则两条横组合规则1)选择特征体现规则2)成语构成规则

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