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四六级英语听力试题的命题规律和解题技巧一、四六级英语听力的考查模式1．对话听力部分一般是20个小题,由A和B两部分组成。第一部分通常是10个对话,每个对话设一个小题,要求同学们根据对话内容从四个选项中选择正确答案。2．短文B部分有两种形式,一是听短文。一般是三篇120-140字之间的短文,每篇短文后有三到四个问题,共10道小题。该部分主要测试同学们的整体理解能力。3．复合式听写B部分的另一种是复合式听写。复合式听写由两部分组成。一是单词听写,要求同学们毫无差错地填出短文所缺单词。另一种是补全信息。一般是,每段的第一句主题句已经给出,要求填出具体细节内容说明主题,可以使用听到的原话,也可以使用自己的语言。二、四六级英语听力的命题规律和测试重点1．对话对话部分考查的重点有：1）地点根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：(1)根据信息词设题①W:Dear,Ifeelhungrynow.Howaboutyou?M:SodoI.Letmecallroomservice.Hello,roomservice.Pleasesendamenuto320rightaway.Q:Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Inahotel.B.Atadinnertable.C.Inthestreet.D.Attheman'shouse.该题通过hungry和menu来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实,本题所借助的信息词是roomservice和320这个房间号,答案是A。②M:Canyoustayfordinner?W:I'dloveto.ButIhavetogoandsendsomeregisteredmailbeforepickingupthechildrenfromschool.Q:Wherewillthewomangofirst?A.TotheschoolB.Toafriend'shouse.C.Tothepostoffice.D.Home本题借助registeredmail设题,答案是C。但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题,要求同学们能听出是"首先到……地方"。
1③M:Excuseme,I'mlookingfortheemergencyroom.Ithoughtthatitwasonthefirstfloor.W:Thisisthebasement.Taketheelevatoroneflightupandturnleft.Q:Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.InalibraryB.Inahotel.C.Inahospital.D.Inanelevator本题设题所依据的信息词是emergencyroom,只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C。(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：①M:Ididnotseeourbossyesterday.Hashecomeback?W:HewasjustbackfromFrancebesidesvisitingBritain,Germany,andSpain.Q:Whichcountrydidthewomanvisitfirst?A.FranceB.BritainC.GermanyD.Spain四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为B。②M:WillMr.Smithcometothepartyattheweekend?W:He'llbesupposedto,buthewon'tbebackfromhistripuntilthenextweek.Q:WherewillMr.SmithbeonSaturday?A.AtthepartyB.AthomeC.StillonhistripD.Backfromhistrip.本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为C。2）职业、身份根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四六级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：(1)说话者自身的身份或职业根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：①W:Goodevening,ProfessorDavid.MynameisSusanGray.I'mwiththelocalnewspaper.DoyoumindifIaskyouafewquestions?M:Notatall.Goahead,please.Q:WhatisSusanGray?A.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Areporter.D.Astudent.由localnewspaper可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。②M:HowaboutthefoodIordered?I'vebeenwaitingfor20minutesalready.W:I'mverysorry,sir.I'llbebackwithyourorderinaminute.
2Q:Whoisthemanmostprobablyspeakingto?A.Ashopassistant.B.Atelephoneoperator.C.Awaitress.D.Aclerk.与order有关的自然是waitress,答案为A。(2)说话双方之间的关系该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?①W:Howlongwillittakeyoutofixmywatch?M:I'llcallyouwhenit'sready.Butitshouldn'ttakelongerthanaweek.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Librarianandstudent.B.Operatorandcaller.C.Bossandsecretary.D.Customerandrepairman.既然女士让男的fixmywatch,说明对方是repairman,而自己是customer。②M:Sorrytotroubleyou.Butisthereanypossibilityofborrowingablanket?Ifeelcold.W:Ithinkwe'vegotone.Couldyouwaituntilaftertake-offplease?Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Aguestandareceptionist.B.Apassengerandanairhostess.C.Acustomerandashopassistant.D.Aguestandawaitress.take-off一词的使用说明女的是空姐,答案自然是B。可以看出,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然,要判断双方的关系,还可以从说话的方式入手。如：M:MakethirtycopiesformeandtwentycopiesforMr.Brown.W:Certainlysir.AssoonasImakethefinalcorrectionsontheoriginal.Q:What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Lawyerandclient.C.Teacherandstudent.D.Nurseandpatient.两人间说话的语气和方式表明是"老板与秘书"的关系。3）计算题计算题在四六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：①M:Yoursonseemstohavemademuchprogressinplayingthepiano.Doesheattendanypianoclasses?W:Yes,hetakeslessonstwiceaweek,butfromnextweekon,hewillgototheclasson
3Saturdayevenings,too.Q:Howoftenwillthewoman'ssonhavepianolessonsfromnextweekon?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.D.Fourtimesaweek.两次加一次自然是三次,答案是C。②W:ProfessorClarksaidthatthemid-termexamwouldcoverthefirst15lessons.M:Really?Ithoughtitonlyincludedthefirst12lessons.ThenImustspendtheweekendgoingovertherestofthelessons.Q:Howmanylessonsmustthemanreviewovertheweekend?A.Fivelessons.B.Threelessons.C.TwelvelessonsD.Fifteenlessons.这是最简单的计算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是C或D,就不会出错。③W:Here'sa10-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonight'sshowplease.M:Sure.Twoticketsandhereis'1,40change.Q:Howmuchdoesoneticketcost?A.'1.40.B.'4.30.C.'6.40.D.'8.6010美元,两张票,找零1.40美元,说明每张票为4.30美元。从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。4）言外之意、弦外之音推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看,大体有一下几种：(1)对虚拟语气的考查包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有"是与非"相对的选项,这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：①W:I'mthinkingofgoingtoAustinforavisit.Doyouthinkit'sworthseeing?M:Well,IwishIhadbeenthere.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?A.ThemanisplanningatriptoAustin.B.ThemanhasnotbeentoAustinbefore.C.Themandoesn'tlikeAustin.D.ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore.IwishIhadbeenthere.说明说话人没有去过。②W:Ifithadn'tbeensnowingsohard,Imighthavebeenhomeby9o'clock.M:It'stoobadyoudidn'tmakeit.Janewashereandshewantedtoseeyou.Q:Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shegothomebefore9o'clock.B.Shehadabadcold.
4C.Shehadacaraccident.D.Shewasdelayed.Ifithadn'tbeensnowingsohard,Imighthavebeenhomeby9o'clock.说明因为雪太大,说话者未能在9点前到家。也就是说shewasdelayed。(2)对建议的考查建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。如：①W:Themoviestartsin5minutesandthere'sboundtobealongtime.M:Whydon'twecomebackforthenextshow?I'msureitwouldbelesscrowded.Q:Whatisthemansuggesting?A.Comingbackforalatershow.B.Waitinginaqueue.C.Comingbackinfiveminutes.D.Notgoingtothemovietoday.Whydon't…?上一种建议表达方式,根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是A。②W:Wedoneedanotherbookshelfinthisroom.Buttheproblemisthespaceforit.M:Howaboutmovingtheolddiningtabletothekitchen？Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheyshoulddo?A.Findingalargerroom.B.Selltheoldtable.C.Buytwobookshelves.D.Rearrangesomefurniture.根据movingthediningtabletothekitchen来判断答案为D。建议的表达方式还有：Whynot…?Whatdoyouthinkof…?IfIwereyou/IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwould…Shallwe…?Isuggest….You'dbetter/Yououghtto….(3)对话题的考查话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。如：①W:Doyouwantadaycourseoraneveningcourse?M:Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Thechoiceofcourses.B.Adaycourse.C.Aneveningcourse.D.Theirwork.两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是A。②M:Iwasterriblyembarrassedwhensomeoftheaudiencegotupandleftinthemiddleoftheperformance.W:Well,somepeoplejustcan'tseemtoappreciatethereal-lifedrama.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Amovie.B.Alecture.C.Aplay.
5D.Aspeech.从对话中的audience,performance与其说drama可以判断他们所谈论的是aplay。4)同义表达方式的考查四六级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式，也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如：①M:WhatdoyouthinkofProfessorBrown'slecture?W:Thetopicwasinteresting,butthelecturewasmuchmoredifficulttofollowthanIhadexpected.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthelecture?A.Itwasalonglecture,buteasytounderstand.B.Itwasnotaseasyasshehadexpected.C.Itwasasdifficultasshehadexpected.D.Itwasinterestingandeasytofollow.与muchmoredifficulttofollowthanIhadexpected同义的应该是B。②M:Nancy,whywereyoulatetoday?W:Ioversleptandmissedthebus.Q:WhywasNancylate?A.Shegotuplaterthanusual.B.Thebuswaslate.C.Sheforgotshehadclass.D.Herclockwasslow.overslept也就是gotuplaterthanusual。③M:Didyoumindcomingbackbycoachinsteadofbytrain?W:No,wedidn'tmindatall.Ittookalotlonger,butitwasverycomfortableanditwasmuchcheaper.Q:Howdidthewomanfeelaboutthecomingbackbycoach?A.Shefeltitwastiring.B.Shefeltitwasverynice.C.Shefeltittooklesstime.D.Shethoughtitwasexpensive.从comfortable和muchcheaper来看，女士的感觉应该是verynice，答案应该是B。(5)上下义概念的考查有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如：①M:Letmesee.I'veprintedmyfamilyname,firstname,dateofbirthandaddress.Anythingelse?W:No,that'sallright.We'llfillintherestofitifyoujustsignyournameatthebottom.Q:Whathasthemanbeendoing?A.Havinganinterview.B.Fillingoutaform.C.Talkingwithafriend.D.Askingforinformation.上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B。
6②M:Whathappenedtoyou?Youaresolate.W:ThebusItookbrokedowninfrontofthehospitalandIhadtowalkfromthere.Q:Whywasthewomansolate?A.Somethingwentwrongwiththebus.B.Shetooksomebodytohospital.C.Somethingpreventedherfromcatchingthebus.D.Shecameonfootinsteadoftakingabus.Somethingwentwrong是对thebusbreakdown的概括性表述。对话听力中其它考查项目，如因果、条件、否定、比较等可参看四六级考试的《听力分册》。
