四级作文讲义

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四级作文讲义l城市的午夜有灯光，城市的夏天有空调，城市的街道有公汽，城市比农村其实更适合人类居住。Becauseofthebrightnessatmidnight,becauseoftheairconditionersinthehotsummer,andbecauseofthebusesonthestreets,bigcitiesaremoresuitabletolivethanthesmalltowns.lTom在大学期间表现优秀，Tom被选举为我们的班长。BecauseTomperformedwellduringhisundergraduatestudy,hewaselectedclassrepresentative.Becauseofgoodperformanceduringundergraduatestudy,Tomwaselectedclassrepresentative.l道路穿越平原，向远方延伸。Acrosstheplain,theroadextendsfar.l经济无论停滞，还是经济发达，中国人民从来没有放弃对对美好未来的信心。Nomatterinastagnanteconomy,orinaadvancedeconomy,Chinesepeopleneverlosttheirconfidenceinaprosperousfuture.l我无法完成这个对于我来说很难的任务。Icannotcompletethetaskbeyondmycapacity.l核武器只能结束世界，而不能挽救世界。Nuclearweaponscouldonlyendtheworldinsteadofsavingit!l城市不断的成长起来，冰的交易也随之不断的增加起来。Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.l经济不断发展起来，国际交易也随之不断的增加起来。Internationaltradegrewwiththegrowthofeconomy.l伴随着现代化技术的发展中国电影工业成长起来。ChineseFilmIndustrializationgrowswiththeDevelopmentofModernTechnology.l工业化发展加速，大城市变得越来越拥挤。Withtheaccelerationofindustrialgrowth,bigcitiesarebecomingincreasinglycrowded.l伴随着全球交流系统的发展，社会的每个方面-包括教育，政治，艺术，科学-都会受益。Withthegrowthofglobalcommunicationnetwork,everyaspectofsociety—includingeducation,politics,thearts,andthesciences—willbenefitgreatly.l伴随着电脑的出现以及数字技术的发展，internet渗透到生活的每个角落。Withtheadventofcomputersandwiththedevelopmentofdigitaltechnique,internethasbeenpenetratedintoeverycornersofpeople'slife.l伴随着电话在我们生活中出现，人和人之间的交流也变得越来越方便。withtheadventoftelephone,communicationbetweenpeoplearebecomingeasier.l伴随经济快速发展，我们的生活压力也变得越来越大。unbearable/greater/fiercewithfastdevelopmentofeconomy,ourlifepressureisbecoming(increasingly)greater.lAlthoughE-Commercegrowsrapidly,someretailersremainoffline.DespiterapidgrowthofE-Commerce,someretailersremainoffline.lTom在大学期间表现糟糕，Tom被选举为我们的班长。ThoughTomdidnotperformwellduringundergraduatestudy,hewaselectedclassrepresentative.Despiteofhisbadperformanceduringundergraduatestudy,Tomwaselectedclassrepresentative.lAmericantroopsarecontinuingtheirmilitaryoperationinIraq,althoughtheiractionhadbeencriticizedseverelyallovertheworld.

1AmericantroopsarecontinuingtheirmilitaryoperationinIraq,despiteseverecriticismallovertheworld.l这种癌症药物具有一些不好的副作用，但是这些药仍然被在日本使用。Despitesomeundesirablesideeffect,thecancerdrugcontinuestobeusedinJapan.lPlanktonhasenormousfoodpotential,butlittleeffortwasmadetofarmplanktononlanduntilrecently.Despiteitsenormousfoodpotential,littleeffortwasmadetofarmplanktononlanduntilrecently.l时代发展相对和平稳定，计算机出现在我们的生活中，就算一些地区很遥远很难到达，那里的人们也能得到其他地方最新和最有用的信息lInthisrelativelypeacefulandstabletime,withtheadventofcomputersinourlife,eveninsomehardaccessibleremoteareas,peoplecangetupdatednewsandusefulinformationfromanyotherpartoftheworld。doing的使用l他们站在那里半个小时，看天上的星星。Theystoodthereforhalfanhour,watchingthestarsinthesky.l他站在那里，考虑着下一步的计划。Hestoodthere,thinkingabouthowtodonext.l中国加入WTO，加速了经济的发展。---accelerateChinajoinedintheWorldTradeOrganization,acceleratingthedevelopmentofeconomy.l新文化运动在全国展开，鼓舞了很多年轻人加入。carryoutNewcultureMovementwascarriedoutalloverthecountry,encouragingmanyyoungpeopletojoinin.l我们把经济迅速发展起来，却遗留下很多社会问题没有解决Wedevelopedoureconomyfast,leavingmanyproblemunsolved.Wedevelopedoureconomyfast,leavingmanyproblemstobesolved.l日本大量进口原材料，加速经济发展Japanimportedlargeamountofrawmaterial,acceleratingthedevelopmentofeconomy.l超过100个宗教的和社会的社区在19世纪的美国被创建，卷入了100，000男人，女人和孩子。Morethan100religiousandsocialistcommunitieswerecreatedin19th-centuryAmerica,involvinganestimated100,000men,women,andchildren.l科技进步已经替代了单纯的身体力量，这就允许女人来填充更多的社会角色。Technologicaladvanceshavereplacedpurelyphysicalstrength,allowingwomentofillmorerolesinthesociety.l为了吸引最好的候选人，国际大公司提供很多的教育机会和很好的工资，这使得在国际大公司的工作更有吸引力。Inanefforttoattractthebestcandidates,manyinternationalcompaniesoffermanyeducationalopportunitiesandgoodsalaries,makingjobsintheinternationalcompaniesmoreattractive.l专家们在那个城市花了几个星期的时间，在警察的帮助下调查一些社会问题。Expertsspentweeksinthecity,investigatingthesocialproblemswiththehelpofpolicemen.状语从句的使用

2lTom努力学习，为了成为新东方最好的学生。TomstudiedhardinorderthathecouldbecomeatopstudentinNewOrientalSchooll这女孩真漂亮，每个人都被她吸引了。thegirlissobeautifulthateveryoneisattracted.lTom为这次科学竞赛作了充足准备，他在竞赛中获得奖品。BecauseTommadefullpreparationforthesciencecompetition,hewontheprize.when,while,although,though,if,unless的省略结构：lTomgothurtwhen(Tomwas)climbingthemountain.lAlthough(Tomwas)hurt,Tomwenttoschool.lCarsonneverlostherheartwhenconfrontingwithtemporarydifficulties.lAlthoughapparentlyrigid,bonesexhibitadegreeofelasticitythatenablestheskeletonwithstandconsiderableimpact.lEventhoughrelativelycostly,thenewmachineishighlyefficientandneedsservicinginfrequently.lThoughrememberedmainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.l作者出生于芝加哥，但是他却因为写纽约的故事而广为人知。AlthoughborninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYorkCity.l如果这个问题被给与更多的注意和关心，问题早就被解决了。Ifgivenmoreattentionandconcern,theproblemwouldhavebeensolvedearlier.同位语lTom是个农民的儿子，他被选举为我们的班长.Tom,asonofafarmer,waselectedtheclassrepresentativeinourclass.Theoriginofourhighestaccomplishment–literature,law,andscience—canbetracedbacktoaplayimpulse。l新东方是一所英语培训学校，经过10年的发展之后成为中国最大的培训教育中心。Neworientalschool,anEnglishtrainingschoolinchina,hasbecomethebiggesteducationaltrainingcenterafter10yearsdevelopment。l博士学位是一种很传统的学位，代表着高级学术成就的最高水平。ThePh.D.,atraditionaldegree,signifiesthehighestlevelofadvancedscholarlyattainment.lJessica是个美国女孩，代表我们在会议上发言。signify/representJessica,anAmericangirl,representedustospeakatthemeeting.分词作定语l那个女孩正在跳舞，她上周在科学竞赛中赢得了奖品。Thegirl,dancingoverthere,wontheprizeinthesciencecompetitionlastweek.l那个女孩昨天被Tom邀请到party，她上周在科学竞赛中赢得了奖品。Thegirl,invitedbyTomtothepartyyesterday,wontheprizeinthesciencecompetitionlast

3week.l一门语言的标准化使用包括标准的词语和表达，这些标准的词语和表达能被这门语言的大多数使用者在任何情况下理解。Standardusageofalanguageincludesthestandardwordsandexpressionsunderstood,byamajorityofthespeakersofthislanguageinanysituation.l俚语(slang)指词语和表达。这些词语和表达可以被大多数的说话者理解，但是却不能被接受为正式的使用Slangreferstowordsandexpressionsunderstoodbyalargenumberofspeakers,butnotacceptedasformalusagebymajority.l美国的经济体系由各种各样的产品购成，这些产品就是不断的被买与被卖的产品；这个复杂的价格系统还由各种各样的服务构成，这些服务包括交通服务和教育服务。TheeconomicsystemoftheUnitedStatesiscomposedoftheproductsboughtandsoldconstantlyaswellasallservices,includingtransportationandeducationservices.定语从句作定语l我喜欢北京，我在北京学英语。IloveBeijing,inwhichIamstudyingmyEnglish.lShehasthreegirls.---主句whoareallworkinginahospital.---从1whomTominvitedtothepartylastnight.---从2theyoungestoneofwhomTommarried.---从3lIboughtthehouse.---主句whichoncebelongedtomyneighbor.---从1inwhichmyneighborhaslivedfor30years.---从2whichisoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsinthetown.---从3Oneroomofwhichisusedasmyreadingroomnow.---从4lthebrookfarmassociationhadaschoolwithasix-yearcollegepreparationcourse,threeyearsofthepreparationcourseweregiventoacquiringaknowledgeoffarming.thebrookfarmassociationhadaschoolwithasix-yearcollegepreparationcourse,ofwhichthreeyearsweregiventoacquiringaknowledgeoffarming.l19thcenturyisaspecialperiod,inthisperiodtheUnitedStatesgreatlyexpandeditsterritoryanditseconomy.19thcenturyisaspecialperiodinwhichtheUnitedStatesgreatlyexpandeditsterritoryanditseconomy.lSomepeopleareunwillingtoriskfailure;thesepeoplearenotcapableofachievingbigsuccesses.Peoplewhoareunwillingtoriskfailurearenotcapableofachievingbigsuccesses.lCarsonwasbornin1907onafarm,manypeoplelivedandworkedforthefarm,Carsonwasahighlyrespectedwriteronscientifictopics.RachelCarson,whowasbornin1907onafarmforwhichmanypeoplelivedandworked,wasahighlyrespectedwriteronscientifictopics.Carson,ahighlyrespectedwriteronscientifictopics,wasbornin1907onafarmforwhichmanypeoplelivedandworked.

4lTapdancingisanAmericandanceform;itwaspopularizedbyHollywoodmovies.Tapdancing,anAmericandanceform,waspopularizedbyHollywoodmovies。句子的融合lAmerica’sWarofIndependencehelpstherebirthofamodernnation,thatnationisCanada,Canadareceiveditsfirstpopulationinfluxfromthousandsofpeople,thosepeoplefledfromtheUnitedStates..America’sWarofIndependencehelpstherebirthofamodernnation,Canada,whichreceiveditsfirstpopulationinfluxfromthousandsofpeoplewhofledfromtheUnitedStateslTelevisionisthemostpervasive(普遍的)andattractiveofmoderntechnologies,itismarkedby(具有…特征)rapidchangeandgrowth,TVismovingintoanewera.,thiserawillreshapeourlivesandourworld.Television--themostpervasiveandattractiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth–ismovingintoanewera,whichwillreshapeourlivesandourworld.lIknowthethreegirls,Theyallgraduatedfromthesameuniversity,theprogramleaderawardedtheprizetotheyoungestoneofthem.Iknowthethreegirlswhoallgraduatedfromthesameuniversity,theyoungestoneofwhomtheprogramleaderawardedtheprizeto.---complicatedIknowthethreegirlswhoallgraduatedfromthesameuniversity。Theprogramleaderawardedtheprizetotheyoungestoneofthem.---betterlHenryFord’snameisnormallyassociatedwiththeconceptofmassproduction;Heshouldreceiveequalcreditforintroducinglaborpractices;Thatlaborpracticeswouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytoday’sstandards.Although(HenryFord’snameis)normallyassociatedwiththeconceptofmassproduction,heshouldreceiveequalcreditforintroducinglaborpracticeswhichwouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytoday’sstandards.lNuclearenergyiscleanandeconomical;Nuclearplantscanproducevastamountsofenergy;Localresidentsareveryconcernedaboutsafety;Theyholdastrongnegativeattitudetowardthem.Nuclearplantscanproducevastamountsofenergywhichiscleanandeconomical;however,localresidentswhoareveryconcernedaboutsafetyholdastrongnegativeattitudetowardthem.lNaturalresourcesareverylimitedandwillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture;Thisideamaynotbetrue;Butpeopleovertheworldaremuchconcernedaboutit.Theideathatnaturalresourcesareverylimitedandwillbeexhaustedinthenearfuturemaynotbetrue;peopleovertheworld,however,aremuchconcernedaboutit.lTuitionfeesaresoaring;GettingtheirchildrenintocollegecontinuestobethegoalofmillionsofChinesepeople;Theythinkhighereducationwillbringtheirchildrengoodjobs.Despitethesoaringtuitionfees,gettingtheirchildrenintocollegescontinuestobethegoalofmillionsofChinesepeoplewhothinkhighereducationwillbringthemagoodjob.lTheessentialdifferencebetweenthesucceededpeopleandfailedpeopleisnotthenumberofopportunities;Itishowtheycantakeadvantageofopportunities;Opportunitieswillinevitablyariseinthecourseofone’slife,thoughtheyarerare.Theessentialdifferencebetweenthesucceededpeopleandfailedpeopleisnotthenumberof

5opportunities,buthowtheytakeadvantageofopportunitieswhichwillinevitablyariseinthecourseofone'slife,thoughrare.Oneessentialdifferencebetweenthosewhosucceedandthosewhofailishowtheytakeadvantageofopportunitiesinsteadof(ratherthan)thenumberofopportunities,whichwillinevitablyariseinthecourseofone'slife,thoughrare.名词的延展lInNewOrientalSchoolIlearnedmyEnglish.8①NewOrientalSchoolisthebiggestlanguagetrainingcenterinChina.②Englishisessentialinbothmodernlifeandinourjobs.lJinxinteachesReading.①Jinxinisamanwithshortblackhairandlightskin,helookslikeagentleman.②ReadingisoneofthemostimportantpartiniBTexam.③iBTisdesignedtotesttheEnglishabilityofforeignstudents.④theseforeignstudentswanttostudyinAmericaorCanada.lParentsarethebestteachers.---5①childrenspendmostofourtimewithparents.②thebestteacherscanofferchildrennotonlyknowledgeinbooks,butalsolifeexperience.lTherearemanydifferencesbetweenthewarm-bloodedanimalandthecold-bloodedanimal.10①Warm-bloodedanimalmaintainsaconstantbodytemperature②Cold-bloodedanimal’sbodytemperaturevarieswiththeirenvironment.lTomwontheprizeinthesciencecompetition.-8①TomcamefromBeijingUniversity.②Tomisaboywithlongcurlyhairanddarkskin.③Theprizewasawardedtothebeststudentsmajoringmathematics.④theprizeincludesascholarshipoftotaling21,000$andabunchofflowers.⑤thesciencecompetitionattractedabout10,000studentstojoinin.⑥theintentionofthesciencecompetitionistoselectthebeststudentsmajoringinmathematics.lTVhasgreatlychangedlivesofpeople.①TVisoneofthemostpervasivemoderntechnology②especiallypeoplespendprettymuchtimewatchingTV.lMostpeopleprefertoliveinthebigcities.①theywantbettereducation,ortheyaretryingtodeveloptheirpersonalcareer.②bigcitiescanprovidedpeoplewithbetterlivingconditionsincludingjob,housing,medicalattention,nursing,andeducation.lTherearemanydifferencesbetweentheoldgenerationandtheyounggeneration.①theoldgenerationlovetostaywithfamily,takeresponsibilityandbehaveingoodmanners②theyounggenerationareencouragedtobeindependent,specialandopen-minded.lCanadaimmigrantsoftensufferfromthepainandfrustration.①CanadaimmigrantscometoliveinCanadafromothercountries②mostimmigrantscanexperiencethepainandfrustration.③theyliveintwocultures

6倒装句lAreefoflivingcoral,theonlyoneofthekindsinthecontinentalUnitedStatesliesalongthecurveofislandsAlongthecurveofislandsliesareefoflivingcoral,theonlyoneofthekindsinthecontinentalUnitedStates.lTheproposedhealthclinicsandtheproposedcenterwerealsosupportedbythecommission+theproposedcenterdistributesinformationonjobtrainingopportunities.Alsosupportedbythecommissionweretheproposedhealthclinicsandtheproposedcenterwhichdistributesinformationonjobtrainingopportunities.lAjobdirectoryandalistofjobreferralcentersareavailablethroughtheschool’sguidanceoffice+whichprovideinformationforstudentsinneedofemployment.Availablethroughtheschool’sguidanceofficeareajobdirectoryandalistofjobreferralcentersthatprovideinformationforstudentsinneedofemployment.lThesourcesoftheriverareinthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrange.+Thecourseoftheriverwasnotfullymappeduntilthiscentury.Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangearethesourcesoftheriver,thecourseofwhichwasnotfullymappeduntilthiscentury.Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangearethesourcesoftheriverwhosecoursewasnotfullymappeduntilthiscentury.Thedifference/similaritybetweenAandBliesin….lThedifferencebetweenJinxinandZhangfanliesinpersonality.l金鑫的课和张帆的课的不同存在于科目ThedifferencebetweenlessonsofJinxinandthoseofZhangfanliesinthesubject.l金鑫的教学风格和张帆的教学风格的相同之处在于他们都教得很幽默。ThesimilaritybetweenteachingstyleofJinxinandthatofZhangfanliesinthefactthattheybothteachinahumorousway.l中国人的生活格调和美国人的生活格调之间的不同存在于两国文化的不同ThedifferencesbetweenlifestyleofChinesepeopleandthatofAmericanslieintheculturaldifferencesbetweentwocountries.l小汽车旅行方式和自行车旅行的方式的不同存在于很多方面，比如速度，效率，安全…Thedifferencesbetweenthewayofcartravelingandthatofbicycletravelinglieinthemanyaspects,suchasspeed,efficiency,safety…l父母和老师之间的相同之处就在于他们都对孩子的行为，态度，和思维有很大的影响Thesimilaritybetweenparentsandteachersliesinthefactthattheybothcanhaveagreatimpactuponthebehaviors,attitudes,andthoughtsofchildren.l城市和农村的最大不同就在于城市可以提供好的生活设施，但是农村却不能。Thedifferencebetweenbigcitiesandsmalltownsliesinthefactthatbigcitiescanprovidepeoplewithbetterlivingfacilities,whereassmalltownscannot.lAismorethanB

7l生活在大城市的优势要远远超过生活在小城镇的优势，在小城镇里人们很少能有机会得到好的教育和工作。---outweighAdvantagesoflivinginthebigcitiesfaroutweighthoseoflivinginthesmalltowns.Inthesmalltownspeoplecanseldomgetchanceforgoodeducationandjobs.lSchubert写的歌曲要比Brita写的歌曲更好。ThesongbySchubertismorewonderfulthanthatbyBrita．lSchubert的歌比起那个乐队表演的歌更好。ThesongbySchubertismorewonderfulthanthat(whichwas)performedbytheband.lSchubert在1998年在美国写的歌比起那个乐队在Brita的生日聚会上表演的歌更好。ThesongwrittenbySchubertin1998inUSismorewonderfulthanthat(whichwas)performedbythebandinBrita’sbirthdayparty.l新东方学校的学生的英语成绩要比那些从来没有参加过任何的英语培训课程的学生的英语成绩好。TheEnglishscoresofstudentsinNewOrientalSchoolaremuchbetterthanthoseofpeoplewhodidn’tattendanyEnglishtrainingcourse.l我们今天所面临的问题比起这个国家在1930年代面临的更复杂。confront,complexTheproblemwhichweareconfrontingtodayismorecomplexthanthatwhichthenationconfrontedinthe1930s．l能用电脑处理办公工作的人们比起不能用电脑处理办公工作的人们是更有效率的Peoplewhocanusecomputerstohandletheofficeworkaremoreefficientthanthosewhocannot.借鉴结构句型1lMaybeyouarenotastudentwithhighintelligence.lAmericaisnotacountrywithlonghistory.l我的邻居可以不是个人声经历丰富的人，但是必须是有礼貌的人。Myneighborsmaynotbepeoplewithplentyoflifeexperience,buttheyhavetobetheoneswithgoodmanners.l一个好的supervisor因该具有丰富的经验。Agoodsupervisorshouldbeapersonwithplentyofbusinessexperience.l每个人都希望成为聪明人。Everybodywantstobecomesomeonewithhighintelligence.l每个人都希望成长在高质量的教育环境里，这种教育环境只有大城市才能提供。Everyonewantstogrowupinanenvironmentwithhighqualityofeducationwhichcanonlybeofferedinthebigcities.Fewissuesareaslikelytoprovokewidespreadinterestasthatinvolvingpossibledangertothehealthorsafetyofchildren.句型2l很少有问题能够激起广泛的兴趣，比起关于工作场所安全的问题。concerning.workplacelfewissuesareaslikelytoprovokewidespreadinterestasthatconcerningthesafetyinthe

8workplace.l很少有计划会引起更广泛的公众注意，比起关于在社区里建造一个工厂的计划。attract/widespread/publicattention/communitylFewplansareaslikelytoattractwidespreadpublicattentionasthatconcerningbuildingafactoryinthecommunity.l很少人能吸引公众的注意力，比起金鑫，他是个浅色皮肤的人，看起来像个绅士。lFewpeopleareaslikelytoattractmorepublicattentionasJin,alight-skinman,wholookslikeagentlemen.句型3lStudyingforanMBAdegreeatatopprivateschoolprovidesstudentswithdefiniteadvantages.lThebigcitiesprovidepeoplewithdefiniteadvantages.lthosepeoplewantbetterlifeconditionandmoreeducationopportunitieslRestaurantsprovidepeoplewithdefiniteadvantages.lThosepeoplehavetherequirementoffooddiversityandefficiency.句型4lStudentswhodecidenottoselectaprivateinstitutionbecauseofthecostalonemaybemakingaseriousmistakebecausetheymaybeabletoearnbacktheinitialinvestmentquicklyandhaveahigher-payingjobatthesametime.l仅仅因为花费而决定不在饭店吃饭的人可能犯了错误，因为他们会失去享受各种事物和愉悦的就餐环境的机会。Peoplewhodecidenottoeatintherestaurantsbecauseofthecostalonemaybemakingaseriousmistakebecausetheywilllosethechancetoenjoydiversefoodandpleasantdinningenvironment.l人们不去大学，因为大学只提供抽象的理论而不是生活经验，那么他们可能错了，因为他们失去了学习综合知识的机会，这些综合类知识会为他们将来的前途提供准备。Peoplemaybemakingaseriousmistakebecausetheymaylosethechancetoacquirecomprehensiveknowledge.whodecidenottogotouniversitybecauseuniversitiesprovidepeoplemoreabstracttheoriesinsteadoflifeexperience.whichwillpreparethemintheirfuturecareer.句型5lMantlewasfastandpowerfulplayer,aswitch-hitter,whocouldbatbothright-handedandleft-handed.l在一天结束的时候在家里做饭，并且和家里人一起吃饭是老一代人的习惯和传统，这个传统正在被越来越多的人们忘记。cookingathomeandeatingwithfamilyattheendofthedayhasbeenahabitintheoldgeneration,atraditionwhichmoreandmorepeopleareforgettingthesedaysbytheyounggenerationl北京是首都，北京是个有吸引力的地方，中国历史上的几个重要的皇帝都住在北京并且建造他们的宫殿。Beijingisacapitalcity,anattractiveplace,inwhichseveralimportantkingsintheChinesehistoryhadbuilttheirpalacesinBeijing

9l电视是最普遍的现代技术，电视机十年前就进入我们的生活，它对我们的生活方式和思维都有很大的影响。TV,themostpervasivemoderntechnology,whichhasenteredpeople’slivesseveraldecadesago,hasgreatimpactonbothourlife-styleandourthought.l我要选择汽车。它是最方便的现代化交通工具，汽车使得令人疲倦的长途旅行更加舒适。Iwouldchoosecar,themostconvenientmoderntransportfacility,whichhasmadetheexhaustinglongtravelcomfortable.lOnegoodexampleisRobertoGoizueta,aCuban-bornAmericanwhohasbeenachairmanforoveradecadeinCoca-ColaCompany.lOnegoodexampleisYezhu,akindofwildpiginmycountry,whichisoneofmostcrucialanimalsintheworld.lOnegoodexampleisTieling,asmalltownnearBeijinginChina,wherepeoplecanhardlyfindacinematoenjoyamovie.lUniversitiesbringvaluableknowledgeformanystudents,suchasJinxin,a24-yearoldstudentgraduatedfromatopbusinessschoolintheuniversity,whoisworkinginanestablishedsoftwarecompany.lUniversitiesbringvaluableknowledgeformanystudents,suchasJinxin,afamousscientistinmycountry,whograduatedfromQinghuaUniversity.lApollconductedbystudentsinFreeEnterprise,anorganizationthathelpsstudentsdevelopleadershipskills,revealedthat66percentofAmericancollegestudentsbelievetheywillonedayowntheirownbusiness.lAsurveyconductedbypeopleinYancaoweiyuanhui,anorganizationthathelpspeoplestayawayfromtheharmofsmoking,revealedthatmorethanonemillionpeoplediedofdiseaseslinkedwithsmoking.lasurveyconductedbypeopleinJuweihui,anorganizationthathelpscityresidentssolvetheirdailyproblemsrevealedthatmostofpeopledon’twantafactorytobebuiltintheircommunities.句型-6/7lTheseeminglyreasonableclaimthatorganicfoodisnutritiousandhealthymakeitdifficultforthegeneralpublictoseparatefactfromfiction;however,itisnotsupportedbyscientificevidence。lTheadvantageofbicycletravelingisnowbeingdebated.结构安排l首段：introductionl正文：developmentl---1stmainpointl---2ndmainpointl---3rdmainpointl结尾：summery

10lSomepeopleprefertospendmostoftheirtimealone.Othersliketobewithfriendsmostofthetime.Doyouprefertospendyourtimealoneorwithfriends?Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.BackgroundInfo&ThesisStatement每个人度过时间的方式不同；我喜欢和朋友一起度过Development1.互相学习2.提高与人交往的能力3.分享快乐Summery因此与朋友共同度过lSomepeopleenjoychangeandnewexperiences.Othersliketheirlivestostaythesameanddonotchangetheirusualhabits.Comparethesetwoapproachestolife.Whichapproachdoyouprefer?ExplainwhyBackgroundInfoDifferentlifestyleDevelopmentAdvantagesofNewExperiences---Makefriends---Bringnewidea…Advantagesofstayingsame---stablelifestyle---havelife-longfriendshipSummeryIprefertochange(Beanextrovertperson&Jobproperty)，therefore…lAllstudentsshouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinsecondaryschool.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.BackgroundInfo&ThesisStatementM&Aarenecessarypartofeducation,butshouldn’tstarttooearlyDevelopment1.Hardsubjectstounderstand2.Occupytoomuchtime3.advantageoflearningthem;however,wecanseemoredisadvantages…SummeryTherefore,musicandartshouldnotrequiredin2ndschoollItismoreimportantforstudentstostudyhistoryandliteraturethanitisforthemtostudyscienceandmathematics.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

11Background&ThesisHLandSMarebothimportantandnecessary--disagreewiththeopinionDevelopment1.Sameweightintheexam2.Differentfunctionsindevelopingoneperson3.让步段—Thereisnodoubtthatartisaninvaluablewayinpresentingandexplainingdifferentculturalbehaviors;howeverSummeryAlthoughHLaremorefrequentlyusedindailylife…wecanassertthat…lWhatdoyouconsidertobethemostimportantroominahouse?Whyisthisroommoreimportanttoyouthananyotherroom?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.BackgroundInfo&ThesisStatementDifferentroomsinahouseSleepingRoomDevelopment1.Quietplaceforthinkingandlearning2.Privateroominthehouse3.Spend1/3timeofdaysleepingSummeryTherefore,itismostimportantroom结构安排要素Introduction引入:backgroundinfo/conceptintro个人观点:thesisstatement过渡到原因段:transitionsentenceDevelopment列举原因:indicatingwords主题句:topicsentence原因段过渡:transitionsentence事实与举例:dataandexamples让步段:takeastepbackSummery重述观点:restateyourideainbrevity理论引入lNow, it is generally accepted that… lIt is commonly accepted that …lIt is commonly thought that …

12lThere is a general debateon/that…lThere is a general discussion these days that…lThere is a growing tendency these daysthat… lAn increasing number of people are beginning to realize that…lThere is no denying the fact that…lthe problemthat… has caused wide public concern事实引入lThere is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college students' doing a part-time job.lNow, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.lThere is a general discussion these days thatifgovernmentsshouldspendmoremoneyonimprovingroadsandhighways,oronimprovingpublictransportation.观点倾向lPeopleseemtofailtotakeintoaccountthefactthateducationdoesnotendwithgraduation.lPeopleseemtofailtotakeintoaccountthefactthateatingathomewillbringalotoftroubleinpreparingandcooking.lHowever,thisopinionisnowbeingquestionedbymoreandmorecityresidents,whocomplainthatthemigrantshavebroughtmanyseriousproblemslikecrimeandprostitution.个人观点lAs for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.　lFor my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:lAsfarasIamconcerned,educationisalifelongstudy.原因引入lMyreasonsarelistedbelow:lTherearenumerousreasonsfor…,butIwouldonlyexploreafewofthembelow:lThereareseveralreasonsandagreementstosupportmyidea.Here,Iintendtoexplaincoupleofreasons.liagreewith…forthefollowingreasons:lmyargumentsarelistedasfollows.lIwilltrytoprovemypointbythefollowingideas.lthemostimportantreasonwhyIagreewiththeabovestatementisthatIbelieve…原因列举

131）first,second,third,last2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly      5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand10）foronething,foranotherthing主题句lEatingintherestaurantfirstly,Icansavealotoftimebygettingfoodfromrestaurantas,Idon’thavetogoforvegetablesandgroceryshopping.Inaddition,inrestaurantIgetavarietyoffoodchoice.lastly,inrestaurantthefoodisservedwithbeautifulgarnishingthattemptsforeating.lThebestqualitiesofaneighborThefirstqualitythatgoodneighborsshouldhaveistoberespectful.Anotherqualityofagoodneighboristhatheshouldbefriendly.Thelastqualityofgoodneighboristhatitshouldbehelpful.原因过渡lThisreasonalone,however,couldnotexplainwhyIchoosetoliveinthebigcities.lAlthoughthefirstreasonImentionedaboveisprobablythemostimportantreason,itisnottheonlyexplanationforwhyTVhasimprovedthecommunicationamongpeople.lAlthoughthefirstreasonImentionedaboveisprobablythemostimportantreason,savingtimealsohelpstoexplainwhyIchoosetoeatintherestaurant.lAlthougheconomicsisprobablythemostimportantdeterminant,itisnottheonlyexplanationforthebabyboom.theincreasedvalueplacedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.举例子lSuchaslForinstancelTotake…asanexample,lOneexampleis…,lAnotherexampleis…,lforexample

14lInordertoattractmorecustomers,advertisershaveadoptedevery possiblestimulativefactorinmakingads,suchassound,light,colors,cartoonfilmsandhumanperformance.Forinstance,toadvertiseacertainfood,advertiserswillaskanactororactresstositatatableanddevourtheseeminglydeliciousfoodwhiletheyfilmhimorher.让步句lthereisnodenyingthat…lthereisnodoubtthat…litistruethat…lalthough….lSomepeoplemayarguethat…l别忘了从对立的话题回转:but,however…总结句From what has been discussed above, it would bereasonabletobelievethatbasicprojectsplaymoreimportantrolethanartisticandculturalprojectsinpeople’slife.From what has been discussed above, we may safely-draw a-conclusion that, although the parents’desiretolookafterchildrenbythemselvesinunderstandable,itsdisadvantages far outweigh theadvantages.From what has been discussed above, I am fully convincedthattheleisurelifestyleisundergoingadeclinewiththeprogressofmodernsociety.In conclusion, we must take into account this problemrationallyand place more emphases ontheirlives.中间段的展开1.主题句2.主题句的展开------原因展开------对比展开3.举例子（general/specific）4.段落小结5.过度句l城市提供更多的工作机会1.主题句的表达Therearemorejobopportunitiesreadilyavailableinbigcitiesthaninasmalltown.Bigcitiescanoffermorejobopportunitiesthansmalltowns.

15Comparedwithsmalltowns,bigcitiescanoffermorejobopportunities.1.展开主题句Inthebigcities,therearemoremodernandinternationalcompanieswhichneedalargenumberofpeopletoundertakethetasks;consequently,jobopportunitieswerecreatedinthebigcities.2.举例子Forexample，inalmosteverybigcity,therearethousandsofcompanies,includingbothdomesticcompaniesandinternationalcompanies,whichoffermillionsofpositionsforthosewhoareeagertoworkandliveinthecity.TotakeBeijingasanexample.Therearethousandsofcompanies,includingbiginternationalcompaniessuchasIBM,DELL…andmillionsof1000positionswhichcanbeofferedtoresidentslivingorworkinginBeijing.3.段落小结However,youcanhardlyfindthesejobopportunitiesinasmalltown.---逆向总结Therefore,itiseasierforpeopletofindajobinbigcitiesthaninsmalltowns.---顺向总结l城市提供更多的受教育机会1.主题句的表达Therearemoreeducationalopportunitiesreadilyavailableinbigcitiesthaninasmalltown.Bigcitiescanoffermoreeducationalopportunitiesthansmalltowns.Comparedwithsmalltowns,bigcitiescanoffermoreeducationalopportunities.2.展开主题句Comparedwithsmalltowns,inthebigcitiestherearemoreschools,morecollegesandmoreuniversitieswhichcanoffermoreeducationalopportunitiesforbothchildrenandadults.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,amajoritynumberofschools,collegesanduniversitieslocatedinbigcities,whichoffereducationalopportunitiesforcityresidents.3.举例子Forexample,morethan90%cityresidentsinbigcitiescangetatleast12-yeareducationalopportunities,butinsmalltownspeopleoftenquitschoolsintheirearlytimebecauseoflackoffacultyorfacilities.Beijinghashundredsofcollegesanduniversitieswhichnowprovidetensofthousandsofpeopletostudyinthecity,and80percentofpeopleinBeijingholdacollegedegreeorhaveachancetogetadegreeintheuniversity;inLangfang,asmalltowninchina,however,youcanhardlyfindevenoneuniversity.4.段落小结Alltheadvantagesineducationcanonlybeofferedbybigcities.Therefore,bigcitiescanoffermoreeducationalopportunitiesthanthesmalltowns.

16Therefore,cityresidentscanenjoymoreeducationalopportunitiesthanthosewholiveinthesmalltowns.l城市比农村可以为居民提供更加便利的生活设施。1.主题句的表达Cityresidentscanenjoybetterlivingfacilitiesthanthosewholiveinthesmalltowns.Cityresidentshavebetterlivingconditionsthanthosewholiveinthesmalltown.Comparedwiththesmalltowns,citiescanprovidedtheirresidentswithbetterlivingconditions.2.主题句的展开Theeconomyinthebigcitiesdevelopedfarbetterthaninthesmalltowns;accordingly,inthebigcitiesthelivingconditions,suchaspublictransportationsystem,shoppingcenters,arebetterbuilt.Atthesametime,governmentalwaystendtoinvestonthecitiesinsteadofsmalltowns.Inthebigcities,thereareconvenientshoppingcentersforpeopletobuylivingstaff,thereispublictransportationsystemwhichcantransfercityresidentsfromoneplacetoanothereasily;andtherearetheatersforpeopletoenjoymovies…3.举例子Forexample,therearefarmoresupermarkets,buslines,theatersinBeijingthaninLangfang,thesmalltown.PeopleinBeijinggenerallycangototheatereveryweek,whereaspeopleinLangfanghavetotakehoursoftraintogotothecitytheaterforamovie.4.段落小结Therefore,peopleinthebigcitiescanenjoyhigherqualityoflifethanthoseinthesmalltowns.