六级写作与翻译

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六级写作与翻译主讲：王兆飞欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材CET-6WRITING&TRANSLATION王兆飞http://blog.sina.com.cn/wangzhaofei6666一、写作综述阅卷的分析，记忆如何得到高分。§我们无法想象，如果没有了这些数字产品，生活将会怎样。§Wecannotimagehowwillbeourlifeiftherehavenothesedigitalproductions.§在这里cannot就要使用缩写can’t；image是名词，形象、图像、肖像，在这里我们要做句子的谓语，应该是动词imagine想象；how是副词，副词在句子中一般不做表语；how后面的句子中只能接一个表语；willbeourlife在英语语序是不正确的；接着，therebe句式和have混淆；另外，production是生产的意思而产品是product。§例句一：Wecannotimaginewhatourlifewouldbelikeiftherewerenosuchdigitalproducts.§例句二：Itishardtoimaginewhatourlifewouldbelikewithoutthesedigital

1products.§例句三：Itishardtopicturealifevoidofthesedigitalfacilities.voidof相当于without；设备facilitiestools简单的例句：wedon’t（一）写作核心原则少出错多出彩：少犯一些低级的语法错误。怎样才能做到这一点？（二）写作三大攻略§1.Vary§（1）语言§（2）内容：四六级考试的作文题目是给定的，有些单词不确定的时候完全可以换相关的单词。2.Input（1）模板（2）话题词1）模拟题范文2）BeijingReview:Forum3）ChinaDaily:Opinion/debate（3）常用词四级词；高中词；大学英语积极词汇（《大学英语课程教学要求》）音：　mordenmodernnowdays,nowdays,nowadaynowerdays,nowadays，nowadaysconvinentconvenient形：词性popular,populary,popularity,compete,competity,competive,competion,competition,competitiveeconomic,economics,economysocial,societycultural,culturesuccess,succeed（画虚线的单词是拼写错误的）名：u,c,特殊复数形式动：过去式、过去分词、现在分词形、副：比较级、最高级义：　

2Theboyislearningtoapplythecomputer.OnecantouchmanythingsontheInternet.用：Someobjectthisopinion.AsfarasIconcern,（三）Practice（1）真题：在写作方面是没有重复的；用真题练笔是很不错的，最近三年的真题，可以了解出题的思路（2）模拟题：关键是模拟题，一共37篇。每个题型练一篇。（四）写作练习方式：1）对照2）对译3）造句accessOnlyhighofficialshadaccesstotheemperor.只有高级官员才能接近皇上。4）连篇abandon；ability；abroad；absence；Onlywhenhewasabroaddidhefindhimselflackoftheabilitytoliveonhisown.Intheabsenceofhisparentscare,hefelthelpless,asifhewasabandoned.5）仿写：在阅读理解里看到好的文章可以背下来，进行仿写。6）摘要：这个东西很重要可以帮你理解文章的内容。新概念1-4册。7）默写：动动笔。练习很重要8）朗读（五）六级写作简介1.内容1）学校学生话题：2）常见社会话题：不是敏感话题，就是我们日常的衣食住行2.形式：8类：六级写作题型分类里进行仔细讲解观点型：考的次数最多；3.时间：30分钟=5+20+5时间分配：5分钟（审题、构思)；20分钟（写作）；5分钟（检查低级错误）4.字数：规定不少于150词；最好写到200词。（最低分2分的也写到200词）卷面安排，字体清晰。（六）六级写作高分策略字体优美，段落明朗卷面整洁，篇幅够长内容完整，紧扣提纲首保正确，再求闪光先总后分，连词用上语言简练，论述得当(理由有力，例子贴切)

3二、写作常见错误分析作文实例讲解：2003年1月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1、当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。2、诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。ItPaystoBeHonest①Inourmodernsociallife,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowmanypeoplearecheated.Advertisementscheatpeople,salesmencheatpeople,andevenone'sclosestfriendscheathimorher.Somanyheartbreaksareheardeverydaythatwecannothelpasking:whereisourhonestexist? Everybodyistaughthonestintheprimaryschooloreveninthekindergarten.Honestydoesgoodnotonlytoourselves,buttoothersaswell.Ifwearehonesttoothers.Wewillbehappierandbeinabettermood.Otherwise,we'llfeelguiltatlast.Toacompanyanditsadvertisement,honestywillbringitmoreconsumersandmoreprofit.Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.Toacompany,noconsumerwillbuyyourproductagain. So,astheaboveissaid,itpaystobehonest.Let'screateamorallyoutstandingsocial.②Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.Dishonestpeopleareshort-sighted.Thosewhosellfakeproductsmaymakemoneyatfirst,butconsumerswon'tbuytheirproductsanymore.Asaresult,theywilllosetheirfortuneorevenbesenttoprison.Bycontrast,honestpeoplegainalot.Thosewhoalwaystelltruthorkeeptotheirpromisenotonlyletotherstrustthembutgainrespectfromotherpeopleaswell.Suchpersonsaresuretohavealotofgoodfriends.Becausetheyaretrustableandrespectable,everyoneiseagertomakefriendswiththem.Besides,itiseasierforapersonwithagoodrecordtogetagoodjob.Generallyspeaking,everyemployerwantshisemployeestobehonest.Sowecansaythatanyonewhoishonestwillbepaidbacklater. Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonor.Soitisimportantthatweshouldbehonest.③Withthedevelopmentofmoderneconomicandindustry,competitiveisbecomingmoreandmoreobvious.Atthesametime,theperformanceofdishonestisbecomingmoreandmoreclearly.Nowadays,therearemanydishonestperformancesinoursociety.Forexample,somepeoplefoundthathesaledgoodshadpastthepreservationdate.Notthrowthemaway,theyrevisedtheperservationdate,andsaledthemagainafterseveraldays.Anothercaseinthepoint,apairofshoeswasmadefromgoat.However,inordertosaleatahighprice,thesalerswouldsaytheyweremadefromcowwhichhasgood

4quality. Fromtheforegoing,wecanseethatdishonestdosenotonlyharmtoyourselvesbutalsoharmtoothers.Anditisnouseonlyrealisetheharmnessofdishonest.Weshouldbehonestfromnowonandbehonestinourdailylife.Itisonlythatpeopleallovertheworldarehonestthemourcountrywillbebeautifulandwealthy.④Nowinoursociety,manypeoplearenothonestindoingsoming.Weoftencanmeetwithsominghappenedcausebypeoplewhoarenothonest.Forexample,Nowwetakethebusneedcarrycentsown,andwhenyouupstairsthebus,youshouldputthescentintothemoneybox.Everypeopledothat,butsomeofthepeopleputtheotherthingsinsteadthecents.Foranotherexample,itismorenormalthatintheexamswecanalwaysfindsomestudentsseeothers. Iconsiderthateverypeopleshouldbehonest.Asapeople,honestshouldbefirst,becauseitcanmakeustobeincreaseandmakeoursocitydevelop.Indoingeverythingweshouldbehonestall,study,word,lifeandsoon.Ifyouarehonest,everypeoplewillbefriendtoyou,andwhowillregardyouaregoodpeople.Butifyoudon'tbehonest,peoplemustunwillingtotrathwithyou.Soifyouarewanttobeagoodpeople,rememberhonestfirst.⑤Nowadays,manypeoplechoosenottobehonestinourmodernsociety.Wealmostcanfindsuchthingseverydayofourlife:somestudentscheatintheexamforhighermarks;somecorporationstellwrongdatatothepublicinordertogetmoreinvestment;andsomedoctorstreattheirpatientswithunnecessaryandexpensivemedicinesinordertomakemoney,sometimesdamagedthepatients'health,eventheirlife. Seeingthissituation.Ithinkitmustbechanged.Beinghonestwillbenefitnotonlyothers,butalsoourselves.First,yourhonestywillmakeotherswillingtotrustyou.Second,beinghonestcanleadyoutofaceyourproblembravely,whichhelpstosolveit.Andthelast,honestsurelyhelpstomakethesocietymoreharmony. So.Ithinkeveryoneshouldstarttobehonestandeveryoneshouldhavetheideathatoursocietycannotdowithouthonesty.分析：Inourmodernsociallife,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowmanypeoplearecheated.show是动词，examples的动词是be，show缺少主语，改为showing第二段第一句：教某人做某事：teachsbtodosth，因此在honest前面加上tobe第三句：Ifwearehonesttoothers.这不是一句话不能用句号；Wewillbehappierandbeinabettermood.behappierandbeinabettermood.表达的是一个意思，多此一举，文章要求简练。Whereisourhonestexist?这是自杀式写法。文章中划虚线的部分要么是语法不正确，要么是单词拼写错误，或者是语序不对。(一)语法错误1、句子结构错误

5（1）主从句叠置：一主两谓1）Therearemoreandmorestudentsliketousethecomputer.therebe中be是谓语，like也是谓语，这就是一主两谓。这就需要删掉一个谓语。要是坚持用like就把thereare去掉，要是两者都想用，那就需要借助连词。2）Therearestillmanyproblemsshouldbenotedandresolved.（2）简单句叠置：两个简单句放在一起Ilikechattingonlineverymuch，Igotothenetbaralmosteveryweekend.两个简单句不能用逗号连接，要么加上连接词或者把逗号给为分号。如because，so等连接词但是because和so不能在一个句子里一起出现。因为because和so是两种连接词。（3）从句叠置Asisknowntoallthatcomputersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife.（4）句子成分缺失Ifworkhard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.（5）语序错误1）Whycollegestudentsspendmoreandmoretimeonthecomputer?2）Ioftenwonderwherehavetheygottheirmoney.2、动词错误（1）时态错误ManypeoplethoughtthattheInternetwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.thought改为think，表达一个经常状态一般用一般现在时。（2）语态错误1)Ihaveexcitedseveraldaysatthenewsthatyouwillcomehere.2)Mostofthestudentssatisfywiththeserviceinthedininghall.（3）单复数错误1）Wisemanseekopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.man是第三人称单数，后面是动词的第三人称单数，seek改为seeks2）Someoneare（is）afraidthatcomputermaycontrol（the）meninthefuture.单数可数名词通常不能单独存在（排除固定用法），要么加限定词（a,an,the），要么变复数。3、代词错误1）Wecanusecomputersindoingeverythingyoulike.2）Acollegestudentshouldbeabletodotheirwashingontheirown.这个需要结合上下文进行理解。同一句话之间以及代词与其所指代的名词之间，在单复数和人称上要一致。4、冠词错误1）Horseisausefulanimal.2）TheexamwillbeheldintheDecember,2004.注意代冠词the的用法，就是特指。其余的由同学回去好好找找。（二）用词错误

61）Studentsmustknowhowtoapplyacomputer.2）PeoplecantouchmanynewthingsontheInternet.3）Thepurposeofthisletteristoreactsomeopinionsontheserviceinthedininghall.（三）表达习惯错误1）Whygeneratedsolargeachange?2）Now6000yuancanbuyaP4computer.3）Aroomoftenlives6-8students.4）Ithinkthisgreatchangehasthreereasons.5）Thepricesofthefoodaretooexpensive.5）Thereasonforthisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.（四）标点符号及大小写错误1）However,everycoinhastwosides,Ithinkthesurroundingsinourcanteenarethebestamongalluniversities.1）Themanwasracingdownthestreet.Becausehewaslatefortheclass.2）AtlastIwanttoletyouknow,Iloveouruniversityverymuch.3）Myfavoritesportsareswimming、jogging、mountaineeringandplayingtabletennis.4）ThebestEnglishfilminmyeyesis《ForrestGump》.再看一下这篇03年的文章：②Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.(五)句型写作练习（一）并列句两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词或用分号、冒号、逗号等连在一起构成的句子叫并列句。常用的等立连词有and,or,but,so,for,neither,nor,while,whereas等。用括号中的连接词连接下面各组句子。1)Itwasacoldsnowyday.Hehadnomoneyleftforfood.(and)2)Hurryup.You’llbelate.(or)3)Itrainedheavilylastnight.Iwenttotheshowanyway.(but)4)Ienjoyclassicalmusic.Sheenjoysclassicalmusic,too.(so)5)Hemustbeill.Heisabsenttoday.(for)6）Somepeoplewastefood.Othershaven’tenough.(while)7)Sheisfat.

7Herhusbandisthin.(whereas)8)Shecannotread.Shecannotwrite,either.(neither)（一）复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子结构叫做复合句，也叫主从复合句。从句由关联词引导，关联词将从句与主句联系在一起。根据其在复合句中的作用，从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句。Ø名词从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句子中的作用相当于名词通常在句中所起的作用，因此统称为名词从句。引导名词从句的关联词，主要有三类：1．主从连词：that（无词义），whether（是否），if（是否）2．连接代词：who（谁），whom（谁），whose（谁的），what（什么），which（哪一个，哪一些）3．连接副词：when（什么时候），where（什么地方），why（为什么），how（怎样）主从连词只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外，还充当句中某一个成分。1.将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为主语从句。1)TheyneedmorehelpinEnglish.Thatisquiteobvious.2)Sheisstillalive.Thatisgoodnews.3)Shewillcomehere.Itdoesn’tseemlikely.4)Thechildrencametothezoo.Theylikethepandasbest.5)Wearebadlyinneedofsomething.Itisrawmaterial.2.将下面每组中的词连成句子，使其中包含主语从句。1)didnot,apity,he,comeearlier,it’s,that2)smoking,itis,cause,awell-knownfact,lungcancer,can,that3)encouragedhim,itis,but,helphim,true,actually,I,that,didn’t4)they,keeptheirpromise,didn’t,seem,it,likely,that,wouldever5)why,forcriticism,hardtounderstand,hadsingledout,Mary,itwas,Prof.Hardy3.将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为宾语从句。1)Whatkindofshowaretheyputtingon?Canyoutellme?2)Istheletteroverweight？

8I’mwondering.1)Howcanweimproveourstudyhabits?Iamthinkingofthat.2)IsHenrytherightpersonforthejob?Wearestilluncertainastothat.3)Peterhasaslightheadachesometimes.Hehasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptthat.4)Hehadforgottentotakehisnotebookwithhim.Hesuddenlyrememberedthat.4.将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为宾语从句，并且用it作形式宾语。1)Iwasfarmoreintelligentthanhewas.Ialwaystookthatforgranted.2)Youwereunabletoattendourmeeting.Weallthoughtthatwasapity.3)Youshouldmindyourmanners.Weconsiderthatisimportant.4)Hewastooilltogoonworking.Hedidn'twantthattobeknown.5)Everyoneofyoushouldfinishyourhomeworkontime.Iregardthatasimportant.6)Hisfatherwouldcometohishelpifhegotintotrouble.Hetookthatforgranted.7)Hemightchangehismindatthelastminute.Wethoughtthatwashighlyprobable.8)Thetrainwillbedelayedbythedensefog.Ithinkthatislikely.9)Youshouldstopsmoking.Thedoctorthinksthatisadvisable.5.用“what”从句将下列句子补充完整。1)Couldyoushowme______(you,write)?2)Thisis________(we,shouldalways,keepinmind).3)(they,see)_______inChinamadeadeepimpressiononthem.4)Wemustnotputofftilltomorrow______(we,can,do,today).6.将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为同位语从句。1)Heisgrowingold.Nothingcanhidethefact.

91)Heworkshard.Thefactdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatheisacompetentleader.2)Ihaveacomplacentfeeling.IfeelthatI’mhighlyintelligent.3)Heexplainedthathedidn’tseethenotice.Theexplanationisunsatisfactory.4)Heholdsthatthereisnoadvantageinintroducingthenewmethod.Mostofusdon’tagreewithhisview.5)Hewonthefirstgoldmedalatthe23rdOlympicGames.Thenewssoonspreadthroughoutthecountry.6)Hehassuggestedthatintelligenceisarelativematter.Hissuggestionisnotuniversallyaccepted.7)Imovedthatthevotebepostponed.Hesecondedmymotion.8)Hefearedthathemightnotbeabletofinishthework.Thefeardisturbedhimgreatly.9)Weexpressedahope.ThathopewasthatMr.andMrs.MorrisonwouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.10)I’vecomefromMr.Linwithamessage.Itsaysthathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.11)Suzyistherightpersonforthejob.Therecanbenodoubtaboutit.Ø定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词的后面。定语从句一般由关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why引出。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用：1、把主句和从句连接起来；2、在从句中作一个成分。which,that,who在从句中作主语或宾语；whom作宾语；whose作定语。when,where,why在从句中作状语。关系代词that,which,who,whom如果在从句中作宾语，也可以省略。另外，如果which或whom在定语从句中原为介词的宾语，则这个介词可以提到从句前，构成介词+which或whom引出的定语从句。定语从句根据与先行词的密切程度可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，去掉之后句子的意思就不完整，不明确，从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系比较松散，从句只是对先行词的附加说明，去掉之后句子的意思仍然很清楚，从句与主句之间常用逗号隔开。

10将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为定语从句。1)IwenttovisittheAmericanauthor.HewroteanumberofbooksaboutChina.2)Myauntpreparedthesoup.Iatethesoup.3)Ihaveanarrangementwithmybank.Bythearrangementtheyletmeusetheirmoneyandrepaythemnextmonth.4)Hesentheraletter.Intheletterhesaidthathewassorryforwhathehaddonetoher.5)Mr.BrownjustcamefromBritainyesterday.Hewillteachusaccountingthisterm.6)SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidaysinHainan.Shehassomerelativesthere.7)TheUnitedStatesisknownforitssupermarkets.Inthesesupermarkets,hugequantitiesofallkindsoffoodandhouseholdarticlesaresold.8)Thestoryhappenedinlate19thcentury.Atthattime,Chinaissufferingfromtheinvasionofwesternpowers.Ø状语从句状语从句按其意义可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步等类别。其引导词分别如下：时间状语从句：when,after,before,as,while,whenever,since,once,until,assoonas地点状语从句：where,wherever原因状语从句：because,as,since,nowthat目的状语从句：sothat,inorderthat,lest结果状语从句：sothat,so…that,such…that条件状语从句：if,unless,suppose(supposing),provided(that),providing(that),oncondition(that),incase,as(so)longas方式状语从句：as,asif(though)让步状语从句：though,although,evenif(though),however,whatever,nomatterhow(what,where,when),whether…or将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为状语从句。(aslongas,onconditionthat,lest,so…that,such…that,incase,asif,nowthat,whether…or,however,)1)You’veboughtanewcar.Whatareyougoingtodowiththeoldone?2)We’dbettertakethetelescopewithus.Perhapsitisneeded.3)Wemusthurryoff.Otherwise,wemightmissthebus.

111)Theproblemwasverycomplicated.Ittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveit.2)Theaircraftwasflyingataveryhighaltitude.Wecouldhardlyseeit.3)I’lllendyoumycomputer.Theconditionisthatyoukeepitingoodshape.4)Youcangoout.Butyoushouldpromisetobebackbefore11atnight.5)Irememberthewholething.Itseemsthatithappenedyesterday.6)Hetriedveryhard.Buthecouldnotdothejobsatisfactorily.7)Itmaytakeanhourorevenawholeday.ButIshallfindouttheanswer.（一）复杂的简单句并列句和复合句往往可以浓缩成复杂的简单句，使语言更为紧凑、多样。1.表示时间、让步或条件的状语从句往往可以改写为介词词组作状语。1)Theylookedbothwaysbeforetheycrossedthestreet.2)ImademydecisionafterItalkedtoSirFrancis.3)Althoughhewasill,hewasdeterminedtocarryouthisplan.4)Althoughthey’reintelligent,theyaren’tdoingwellinschool.5)Althoughhe’srich,heisn’tveryhappy.6)Althoughhe’stall,heisn’taverygoodbasketballplayer.7)Ifwehadyoursupport,wemightsucceedinperformingourtask.8)Eveniftherewereairandwater,plantsstillcouldn’tgrowonthemoon.9)Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youwillaccomplishnothing.10)Ifithadnotbeenfortheirassistance,hewouldhavefoundhimselfintrouble.2.起伴随或补充说明作用的从句、简单句或并列谓语往往可以改写为“with+名词+分词/形容词/介词词组”的结构作状语。1)Theywearlayersofclotheseveninsummertime.Newspapersarestuffedbetweenthelayersasfurtherprotectionagainstbadweather.2)Ifmorepeoplehelpthem,theyprobablywillbeabletoaccomplishthetaskaheadoftime.3)Asallhissavingsweregone,hestartedtolookforajob.4)Inthecornerthereisatable.Oneofitslegsisshorterthantheothers.5)Whenthejobwasfinished,wewenttotheseasideforaholiday.6)Asthepaceofchangeisquickening,moreandmorescientistsfindithardtokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentsevenintheirowndisciplines.7)Shelookedinmyfaceandtearsstreameddownhercheeks.3.还有另外一些从句或简单句也可以改写为介词词组作状语。1)Shewon’tgohomeuntilshehastakentheexam.

121)Becausehehadabadleg,hecouldn’twalkasfastastheothers.2)Wearefullawarethatthesituationisserious.3)Shehurriedbacktoschoolforfearthatshemisstoomanylessons.4)WeshouldnotcriticizeSusanforwhatshehasdone.Instead,weoughttopraiseherforit.5)Helendidnotgostraighthomeafterschool.Shewenttoworkasawaitressinarestaurant.6)IamnotgoingtosendthebooktoAllanbypost.Iamgoingtotakeittohimmyself.7)Dr.WilsondidnotgotoNewYorkyesterdaytoattendhisdaughter’swedding.HeflewtoFloridaforanemergencycase.2.系表结构的定语从句往往可以改写为直接用形容词、介词词组或分词结构作定语。1)Ilovegirlswhoareintelligent2)Attheparty,Igottoknowaprofessorwhoisinhisthirties.3)Ihatetoseelettersthatarewritteninpencil.4)Thesubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.5)Amongthosewhoaretakingpartinthework,heisprobablythemostactive.3.两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。1)Everyoneofushadbeenconvincedthattheprojectwasfeasiblebythetimeweleftthemeeting.2)AsPetergothomefromthethree-month-longjourneytotheAntarctichelookedtiredout.3)Theywenthuntingforhours,butwhentheyreturnedtheywereempty-handed.4)Whenheenteredtheofficehewasstillannoyedbythewayshespoketohim.5)Teenagersarepressuredbyschoolwork.Theyarealsoencouragedbytheirpeers.　Undersuchcircumstances,theyresorttosmoking.6)Collegestudentsnowareprimarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess.They　cheatonexamsmorefrequently.4.两个句子的主语相关但不一致时，其中一个句子往往可以改写成分词的独立结构作状语。1)Hesatinfrontofthem.Andhisdustyfacemaskedhisage.2)Sheheardacontinualstrangenoisecomingfromthenextroom.Herheartbeatfast.3)Theoldbeggarsatatthecorner.Tearswelledupinhiseyes.4)Jimcontinuedonhisway.Thedogwasjumpingaboutinfrontofhim.5)Thegirlinthesnapshotworeabroadsmile.Herlonghairflowedinthebreeze.5.解释性的语句往往可以改写成同位语。1)ThisisMr.Black.Heisdirectorofourhospital.2)“Leaveittome,”saidPeter.Peterwasthemanonduty.3)QinghaiLakeisthelargestinlandbodyofsaltwaterinChina.Itlies3195metersabovesealevel.4)Thewholeplanwascompletedwithinthreemonths.Thatishalftheusualtime.5)Hereadallkindsofbooks.Theywereancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.

131)Hewasformerlyaworkerhimself.Heisnowanengineer.2)Sheisamotherofthreechildren.Shehasnowenteredacollegeagainforfurthereducation.（一）倒装句英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。1．否定词位于句首时1)IhaveneverbeentoEurope.2)Hehadhardlyeatenanythingbeforethedinnerwasover.3)Shehadscarcelyfallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.4)Annehadarrivednosoonerthanshefellill.5)Shecareslittleaboutwhatotherssayabouther.2．so,nor,neither等词位于句首，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时1)RichardcanspeakJapanese.HissistercanspeakJapanese,too.2)Copperisagoodconductor.Manyothermetalsaregoodconductors,too.3)Paulcouldnotdance,andhecouldnotsingeither.4)Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor.Andthewifedidnotsayawordofwelcomeeither.3．含有so...that结构的句子将so引导的部分位于句首时1)Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotgotosleep.2)Hespokesoforcefullyatthemeetingthateveryonepresentwasconvinced.3)HeworkedsohardthatheobtainedhisPh.D.degreeoneyearaheadofschedule.4．only引出的状语位于句首时1)Hisfathercalledhisnameonlyonce.2)Thedoctorrealizedonlythenthathispatientneededsurgery.3)Wecanconcludethebusinessonlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice.5．主语部分过长或上下文需要衔接时1)Theyoungfatherwhowishedtopurchasealifeinsurancepolicyandagreedtopayasumof$200peryearfor40yearswassittinginfrontofthecounter.2)Thequestionofhowtofacethepossibilitiesofillness,injury,deathandfinanciallossismoreimportant.3）Thewritingofadictionaryinvolvesanumberoftasks.Thereadingofliterature,thecopyingofwordsoncards,thesortingofthecardsandthewritingofdefinitionsareamongthem.

14（一）被动句英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：（1）不知道动作的执行者；（2）没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者；（3）虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。将下列句子改为被动形式。1)TheysawJoe’sfatherreturnafterdark.2)Theydonotallowyoutosmokeinthelaboratory.3)Weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestostopvariousformsofpollution.4)WhenshewasinShanghaiweheardtheactresssayshehadlongthoughtofthecityashersecondhome.5)Peoplesawtheyoungmanenterthebuildingnexttothebank.6)Aftertheministerofeducationhadfinishedspeakingatthepressconference,peoplemadehimanswerallsortsofquestions.7)Idon’tthinkanyonecanmakeTomdowhathedislikes.8)Iheardthewindroarthroughthetrees.9)Whatshouldonedoinacaselikethis?（二）强调句改写下列句子，强调划线部分。1)JeffersonwrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.2)Theauthorpraisesallthatisprogressivewithgenuine(真实的)feeling.3)Wecouldnotcrosstheriverbecausethewaterhadrisen.4)Jim,aheartlessfellow,washeardshoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight(在深夜).5)Mrs.Williamsdidn'tknowanythingaboutituntilItoldher.（六）用词准确化1.词义准确经常辨析近义词2.搭配准确经常收集搭配1）adj.+n.显著的进步remarkable/strikingprogress巨大的损失substantialloss拥堵的交通heavytraffic2）v.+n.达到目的achieveone’send/attainone’sgoal获取知识acquireknowledge传播疾病transmitdiseases3）v.+prep.剥夺deprivesb.ofsth.充斥befloodedwith…4）v.+adv.大幅度地增长expanddramatically

15（七）用词多样化1.think替换think的单词believe；hold；deem；reckon；maintain；argue；claim；assert；contend；assume；suppose2.cause替换的单词leadto；resultin；bringabout；contributeto；beresponsiblefor3.serious替换的单词grave；acute；severe；grievous4.important替换的单词有vital；essential；critical；crucial；ofutmostimportance5.necessary替换的单词indispensable；imperative；urgent；pressing；ofutmostnecessity6.very替换的单词：exceedingly；extremely；particularly；considerably；quite；rather作文中切记不要出现生僻词和口语词：propitious；deleteriousyouknow,well,gonna,wanna,gotta,‘cause,yeah!!Hi,man.（八）样板文章分析：注意语言简练这个问题。实例二1999年6月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingselectivelyorExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人认为读书要有选择2.有些人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?11分①Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.（第一段浓缩成Whenitcomestoreading，theopinionsdifferfrompersontoperson.）（开头啰嗦）Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks. （开头啰嗦）But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.

16Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.②Ithinkreadingnotonlyselectivelybutalsoextensively.Becausethetwosidesarenotcontradict.Ourtimeislimited.Sowecannotreadeverybookintheworld.However,wewillnotbeinterestedineverybook.Weshouldreadthosebooksmaybeusefultoours,readthosebookswhichwelike.Butthosebookswhichwechoosemustbeextensivelysoitcangiveoursallkindsofknowledge,newsandsoon,italsomakeoursbecomeawiseman.Ontheonehandreadingselectivelyletoursnotwasteourtimewhichitislimited.Moreoveritcanemphasisamongallbooksthatwecanread.Ontheotherhandreadingextensivelycandealwithallkindsofneedinourlife.Theyareallusefultoours.③Mostpeoplethoughtthatreadbooksshouldhavebeenselective.Butothersbelievedreadingextensivelywascorrection.Selectivebooksorreadingextensively?Sure,youcanchoiceonefrompreviousideas,ononehand,Therearetoobooktoreadforus.Weshouldchoosethosewhichweintrested,anditwouldbehelpfulforus.onanotherhand.Someone'sintrestingwaswide.Eachbookcouldbringyouspecificcontainwecouldn'treadingatonlyonelevel.Iconfirmedalloftheseideasweregoodbutweren'twise.Asareader,themaintaskistodiscovermoreandmorebooksthesecondtaskistoheldsomewhichwonderfulandhelpfulforus.Don'ttreatthesebookswithracklessabandon.Thebesttechnologyofreadingisconnect. ④Howshouldweread?Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisownview.Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn'treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.Butothersmaynotagree.Theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledgehe'llhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.Who'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.

17⑤Somepeoplethinkreadingshallbechoosed.Becausesomebooksaregoodtohummenbeingsandsomebooksareharmfultopeople.Somepeoplethinkthatmenshoudreadbookswidely.Becausewidereadingcanhelpmangetmuchknowledge.Andmancanuseittochangetheworld.Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.Becausereadingisimportanttoman.Somebookscanhelpmanbutsomebookscanleadsomepeopletocrime.ItcanbeseeninthenewspapersandwatchedonTV.Wecanmakefulluseofsomegoodbooksandgainmoreusefulknowledge.Itcanmakeourlifemorebeauiful.Wemustgiveupthoseunhelpfulbooks.Theyarenotgoodtous.Readingthemiswastingtimeandmoney.Soreadingselectivelyisanimportantpartinreading. 通过这篇文章要求大家写作文要注意简练。这5篇文章的低分的是第二篇和第三篇。第二篇得了5分，段落太少；第三篇得了2分，段落太多，错误太多，拼写错误，语法错误，画线部分就是这篇文章的错误。（九）字数扩展技巧：例子：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicKeepingPets.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow: 1.有些人赞成养宠物2.有些人反对养宠物3.你的观点KeepingPetsThereisnodenyingthefactthatkeepingpetshasbeenahotlydebatedtopicinChina.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatpetslikecats,dogsandbirdscanreduce,tosomeextent,lonelinessforbothadultsandchildren,especiallyfortheold,thesingle,housewivesandthedisabled.Withoutpets,thesepeople’slifewouldbecomedullandcheerless.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatkeepingpetsshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatpetsareresponsiblefornoises,whichdisturbpeople’srest,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhokeepthemandbyinnocentneighbors.Theyalsoarguethatkeepingpetsisawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshouldallowpeopletokeeppets;ontheotherhand,weshouldtakemeasurestosolvetheproblemscausedbypets.Thiscanbedonebybanningpetsfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,largeanddangerouspetsshouldberestrictedtospecialareas.或Weighingtheargumentsofbothsides,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththelatter.Anyway,wecanlessenourlonelinessandexpressourlovetowardanimalsinotherways.Anditismybeliefthatonlybyplacingmanandotherspeciesonanequalbasiscanweexpecttohavealivelyandcolorfulworld.只要动手写就会想到要写的东西。首先inthefirstplace参照放鞭炮的（b）第二段，我们进行万能改写：Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatkeepingpetsshouldbe

18banned.Petsareresponsiblefornoises,whichaffectpeople’ssleepandforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhokeepthemandbyinnocentneighbors.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.1995年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么?2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么?3.我的看法在这里你就要考虑能不能写够字数。范文：（a）Somepeoplethinkthatsettingofffirecrackersisagoodthing.TheysaythatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoclaimthatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhosaythatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Theyalsosaythatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.Myownpointofviewisthatweshouldpreservetheoldcustomoflettingofffirecrackers,whileatthesametimemakingthemharmless.Wecandothisbybanningfirecrackersfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,weshouldrestrictthesettingoffoffirecrackerstofestivaldays.(b)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatsettingofffirecrackershasbeenahotlydebatedtopicinChina.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.TheysaythatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoclaimthatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomedullandcheerless.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfires,whichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshouldpreservetheoldcustomoflettingofffirecrackers;ontheotherhand,weshouldmakeitharmless.Thiscanbedonebybanningfirecrackersfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,thesettingoffoffirecrackersshouldberestrictedtofestivaldays.(c)Therehasbeenmuchcontroversyoversettingofffirecrackersinthepastyears,witheachpartyowningconvincingevidences.ThosewhoareinfavorofsettingofffirecrackersclaimthatitisanancientChinesecustomthatshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.

19Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomecoldandcheerless.Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhoareoftheopinionthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Besides,theymaintainthatfirecrackersleadtoawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ithinkthatbothsideshavesomethingright.Actually,firecrackersshouldbeviewedasatwo-edgedsword,whichpresentsuswithbothbenefitsandtroubles.Butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Thebestpolicy,asIseeit,istomaximizetheiradvantagesandminimizetheirunhealthyinfluence,sothattheycanbenefitusinabetterway.三、作文写作方法字数扩展方式1.合理铺垫法2.万能填充法3.分类思维法4.正反对比法5.影响延伸法6.平分秋色法7.同义替换法8.提出建议法9.论据反驳法10.举例论证法（一）对立观点型作文例子：1995年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么?2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么?3．我的看法 ShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?(a)Somepeoplethinkthatsettingofffirecrackersisagoodthing.TheysaythatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoclaimthatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhosaythatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Theyalsosaythatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.Myownpointofviewisthatweshouldpreservetheoldcustomoflettingofffirecrackers,whileatthesametimemakingthemharmless.Wecandothisbybanningfirecrackersfrompublic

20places.Inaddition,weshouldrestrictthesettingoffoffirecrackerstofestivaldays.(b)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatsettingofffirecrackershasbeenahotlydebatedtopicinChina.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.TheysaythatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoclaimthatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomedullandcheerless.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfires,whichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshouldpreservetheoldcustomoflettingofffirecrackers;ontheotherhand,weshouldmakeitharmless.Thiscanbedonebybanningfirecrackersfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,thesettingoffoffirecrackersshouldberestrictedtofestivaldays.(c)Therehasbeenmuchcontroversyoversettingofffirecrackersinthepastyears,witheachpartyowningconvincingevidences.ThosewhoareinfavorofsettingofffirecrackersclaimthatitisanancientChinesecustomthatshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomecoldandcheerless.Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhoareoftheopinionthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Besides,theymaintainthatfirecrackersleadtoawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ithinkthatbothsideshavesomethingright.Actually,firecrackersshouldbeviewedasatwo-edgedsword,whichpresentsuswithbothbenefitsandtroubles.Butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Thebestpolicy,asIseeit,istomaximizetheiradvantagesandminimizetheirunhealthyinfluence,sothattheycanbenefitusinabetterway.模拟题：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicKeepingPets.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow: 1.有些人赞成养宠物2.有些人反对养宠物3.你的观点KeepingPetsThereisnodenyingthefactthatkeepingpetshasbeenahotlydebatedtopicinChina.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatpetslikecats,dogsandbirdscanreduce,tosomeextent,lonelinessforbothadultsandchildren,especiallyfortheold,thesingle,housewivesandthedisabled.Withoutpets,thesepeople’slifewould

21becomedullandcheerless.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatkeepingpetsshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatpetsareresponsiblefornoises,whichdisturbpeople’srest,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhokeepthemandbyinnocentneighbors.Theyalsoarguethatkeepingpetsisawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshouldallowpeopletokeeppets;ontheotherhand,weshouldtakemeasurestosolvetheproblemscausedbypets.Thiscanbedonebybanningpetsfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,largeanddangerouspetsshouldberestrictedtospecialareas.或Weighingtheargumentsofbothsides,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththelatter.Anyway,wecanlessenourlonelinessandexpressourlovetowardanimalsinotherways.Anditismybeliefthatonlybyplacingmanandotherspeciesonanequalbasiscanweexpecttohavealivelyandcolorfulworld.2009年12月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2.对这种做法有人表示支持，但有人并不赞成3.我认为……ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Thereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbecomeaprevailingtrendforparentstosendtheirchildrentoarttrainingclassesofallkinds.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoomanytolist.Tothisphenomenonpeople’sattitudesdiffersharply.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatattendingartclassescanhelpnurturechildren’sinterestortaptheirpotentialsinart.This,theybelieve,willcontributetoachild’sall-sideddevelopment.Besides,theyarguethatmasteringskillsofoneartortwocanaddtoachild’sedgeofcompetitioninthemodernworld.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theypointoutthatnotallchildrenareinterestedortalentedinart,orachildmaynotbefondofallformsofart.Forcingthemtogotoartclassesmayonlyrestricttheirfreedomandaffecttheirhealthygrowth.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,itmustbeadmittedthatgoingtoartclassesisandeffectivemeanstofindoutchildren’stalentinartanditisconducivetotheirsounddevelopment.Ontheotherhand,parentsshouldnotdeprivetheirchildrenoftheirrighttochoosetolearnwhattheytrulylike.Remember,thefittestisthebest.2009年6月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.有人说名字（或名称）很重要2.也有人觉得名字（或名称）无关紧要3.我认为……

22OntheImportanceofaNameThereisnodenyingthefactthatitisacontroversialtopicwhethernamesareimportantornot.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatagoodname,oranamethatcanbeeasilyremembered,canbringonealotmoreopportunitiesthanothers.SomeChinesemayalsobelievethatanamedesignedaccordingtothetraditionaltheoryoffiveelementscanbringgoodluck.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theyarguethatanameisnothingbutacodetodistinguishonefromanother.Apersonwitha“good”namemaynotbeassuccessfulasthenameindicates.Inthesameway,apersonwhohasacommonorcasuallygivennamecanalsoachievetremendoussuccess.Personally,Ibelievethatbothsideshavesomethingright,soweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,wehavetoadmitthatawelldesignednamecanhelpapersontosomeextent.Ontheotherhand,weshouldnotexaggeratetheeffectofanameonaperson’sfate.Anyway,aperson’ssuccessmainlydependsonhishardworkanddesirablepersonalities.2008年6月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多2.有人认为电子图书会在将来取代传统图书3.我的观点WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?Thereisnodenyingthefactthate-bookshavegainedincreasingpopularityinthepastyearsalongwiththedevelopmentofinformationtechnology.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Actually,modernreadersseemtospendmoretimeone-booksthanontraditionalones.Asaconsequence,ithasemergedasahotlydebatedtopicwhethere-bookswilltaketheplaceoftraditionalbooksinthefuture.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatitisnaturalforbookstobecomeelectronicasmankindstepsintoadigitalage.Comparedwithtraditionalbooks,e-bookshavesomeobviousadvantages.Foronething,itisconvenienttoreadonlineasmodernpeoplehaveeasyaccesstotheInternet.Foranother,readinge-bookssavesmoney.Personally,Ibelievethate-bookscannotreplacealltraditionalbooks.First,youcanmarkatraditionalbookandwriteyourcommentsinthemarginbutyoucanhardlydothatone-books.Secondly,tomanypeople,onlythesmellofprintandthefeelofpapercanprovidethetruesenseofreadingandlearning.Therefore,inmyopinion,traditionalbookswillstillexistinthefuture.（二）单一观点型1993年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonOpportunity.Youmustbaseyourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveninChinese):有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。你的看法如何？写出你的理由并且适当举例。在你的文章结尾处不要忘记写出你的结论。Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.Remembertowriteitneatly.

23MyViewonOpportunityThereisnoconsensusofopinioninsocietyaboutopportunities.Therearesomewhothinkthatopportunitiescomeonlyrarely,andonlytoluckypeople.Othersarguethatopportunitiescometoeveryonefromtimetotime.Personally,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Itseemstomethatvariouskindsofopportunitiesareallaroundusallthetime.Thesecretistorecognizeopportunitiesandtograspthemintime,becausetheywillnotcometoyouoftheirownaccord.Forexample,myclassmatesoncerefusedtoenteranationalchemistrycompetition,becausetheythoughtthattheyhadnochanceofwinning.ButItookthisopportunity,andbypreparingwellImanagedtowinthefirstprize.Bringingwhathasbeensaidintoconclusion,Imaysaythatmymottois:Watchoutforopportunities,andatalltimesprepareyourselftotakeadvantageofthem.1994年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:TheCareerIPursue.Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.TheCareerIPursueUnlikemanyothercollegestudents,Ithoughtlongandhardaboutmyfuturebeforeembarkingonmystudies.Ithensoughtadvicefrommyteachersandmyparentsaboutthebestlifepathformetochoose.Finally,Isettledonjournalismasthecareerwhichwouldbestsuitmytemperament.Althoughthefinancialrewardshastwoparticularattractionsforme.First,bysupplyingpeoplewiththeinformationtheyneedeveryday,itfulfillsasociallyusefulfunction.Second,itisajobfullofnovelty,unlikemostoccupations,whichinvolvesimplyroutinework.Inordertopreparemyselfformyfuturecareerintheworldofthemedia—whetheritbeworkingforanewspaperoramagazine,orinthesphereofradioandtelevision—Ihavecarefullyselectedmycollegecourse.MybasicfieldsofstudyareMassCommunicationsandEconomics.Atthesametime,havinganeyetoreportingeventsworldwide,IamtakingextraclassestoimprovemyEnglishandreadingwidelytoincreasemygeneralknowledge.（三）陈述利弊型2007年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheDigitalAge.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，比如…… 2.数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活带来的影响 1993年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:MotorcyclesandCityTraffic.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.近年来中国城市的摩托车越来越多

242.摩托车的优点和缺点3.你对我国城市中摩托车发展前景的看法Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1992年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicLookingForwardtotheTwenty-FirstCentury.YourcompositionshouldbebasedonyouranswertothefollowingquestionswritteninChinese:1.新世纪科技发展的前景如何？2.新的科学技术会给社会带来什么好处？3.新的科学技术会带来什么问题？4.你怎样对待新世纪的挑战？Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.1．TheDigitalAgeThereisnodenyingthefactthatwehaveenteredadigitalage,withdigitalproductsusedincreasinglywidelyinpeople’slife,workandstudy.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Themoststrikingonesmightbedigitalcameras,digitalvideosanddigitaltelevision.Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheseproductshavebenefitedussubstantially.Withdigitalcameras,wecantakealmostasmanyphotosaswelike,aslongaswehaveaccesstoacomputertostorethem.Besides,wecandeletethosepictureswedislikewithoutworryingaboutwasteoffilm.Again,withdigitaltelevision,wecanenjoymorechannelsandscenesofhigherqualitythanprovidedbyconventionalones.However,justaseverycoinhastwosides,thesedigitalproductsmayalsoexertanegativeinfluenceonus.Forinstance,manystudentsindulgethemselvesinonlinegamesandperformedbadlyintheirstudy;othersplagiarizebycopyingarticlesontheInternet.Therefore,digitalproductsshouldbeviewedastwo-edgedswords,whichpresentuswithbothconveniencesandtroubles.Butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Thebestpolicy,asIseeit,istofurtherdeveloptheseproductsandmakeamoresensibleuseofthem.2.MotorcyclesandCityTrafficInrecentyears,thenumberofmotorcyclesoncityroadsinchinahasbeenincreasing.Thisisbecausetheyareacheapoftransportationforpeopleinacountrywheremotorcarsareexpensiveformostfamilies.Inaddition,motorcyclesareconvenientfordrivingandparkingoncrowdedcitystreets.However,motorcycleshavedisadvantagestoo.Theypollutetheatmospherewithsmokeandnoise.Theyarealsoamoredangerousfromoftransportationthanmotorcars,becausethemotorcycleislessstableandthereislittleprotectionforthedriverinthecaseofanaccident.Itseemstomethatcitygovernmentsshouldrestrictthenumberofmotorcyclesallowedontheroads.Thiswouldlimitthepollutiontheycause,butatthesametimehelptorelievetrafficcongestion.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweentheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemotorcycleasaformofcitytransport.

253.LookingForwardtothe21stCenturyIameagerlyawaitingthearrivalofthe21stcentury,becauseitpromisesexcitingnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology.Firstofall,itislikelythattelecommunicationswillexpandbyleapsandbounds.Secondly,moreprogresswillbemadeinmedicine,andthirdlythecomingcenturywillseemankindreallycometogripswithenvironmentalpollution.Asfarascommunicationsisconcerned,e-mailandtheInternetwillprobablybecomeavailableallovertheglobe,enhancingmutualunderstandingandmakingwarslessfrequent.Advancesinmedicinewillenableustolivelongerandhealthierlives,andscienceandtechnologywillprovidemoretoolsfortacklingthepollutionproblem.However,therewillbenewchallengestofaceinthenewcentury.Populationwillcontinuetogrow,puttingpressureonthefoodsupply.Moreover,thereisadangerthatpeoplewillbecometoodependentonmachinestolookafterthem,leadingtoaweakeningoftheirspirituallives.Iintendtopreparemyselfforthe21stcenturybykeepingabreastofthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology.Butatthesametime,Iwillnotneglectculturalpursuits.（四）解决问题型有一句适用于所有解决问题型文章开头的句子：不容否认，食品安全问题已成为当今社会的一项重要问题。Noonecandenythefactthat…2010年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象2．出现这种现象的原因和后果3．为了改变这种状况，我认为……2008年12月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledCollegeStudents’MentalHealth.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.心理健康对于大学生很重要2.鉴于此，学校可以……3.我们自己应该……2006年12月（新题型）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheImportanceofReadingClassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1．阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要2．现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是……3．我们大学生应该怎么做2006年12月（老题型）

26Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCelebrationofWesternFestivals.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日2.产生这种现象的原因3.这种现象可能带来的影响2005年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledSayNotoPiratedProducts.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．目前盗版的现象比较严重2．造成这种现象的原因及其危害3．我们应该怎么做Usefulwordsandexpressions:盗版：piracy(n.)盗版产品：piratedproducts知识产权：intellectualpropertyrights侵犯版权：infringesb’scopyright;copyrightinfringement2003年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledReduceWasteonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．有些大学校园浪费的现象日益严重2．浪费的危害3．杜绝浪费，从我做起2003年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1．当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。2．诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。2000年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.上大学的费用（tuitionandfees）可以通过多种途径解决。2.哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。1999年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Don’tHesitatetosay“No”.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

271.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”。2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”。3.该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。1998年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.假冒伪劣商品的危害2.怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品除此之外，我们可以进行扩展，假冒伪劣产品的生产和销售，以及社会诚信等问题。以及与之相关的道德层面和精神层面等等，市场秩序被扰乱，生产正品的厂家受影响。1995年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:MyViewontheNegativeEffectsofSomeAdvertisements.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.现在有些不良的商业广告2.这些广告的副作用和危害性3.我对这些广告的态度Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1991年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutManIstoSurvive.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline:1.人类面临的问题（如能源、疾病、污染、人口等）2.悲观的看法（如人类将无法生存）3.人类的智慧出路Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.Besuretowriteyourcompositioninreadablehandwriting.1990年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSolvetheHousingProbleminBigCities.Foursuggestedsolutionstothisproblemarelistedbelow.Youaresupposedtowriteinfavorofonesuggestion(ONEonly)andagainstanother(ONEonly).Youshouldgiveyourreasonsinbothcases.Youshouldwritenolessthan120words.Remembertogiveashortintroductionandabriefconclusion.Writeyourcompositionclearly.四种可能解决住房问题的方案：1.多造高层建筑2.向地下发展3.建造卫星城市4.疏散城市人口

281990年1月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficaccordingtothefollowingOUTLINE.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.RememberthatthecontentsoftheOUTLINEshouldALLbeincludedinyourcomposition.ButyouarenotsupposedtotranslatetheOUTLINEwordforword.OUTLINE问题：城市交通拥挤解决方案（solution）1.建造(laydown)更多道路优点：(1)降低街道拥挤程度(2)加速车流（flowoftraffic）缺点：占地过多2.开辟（openup）更多公共汽车线路优点：减少自行车与小汽车缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便结论：两者结合1.DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChineseNoonecanhavefailedtonoticethefactthatanumberofstudentspaylittleattentiontothestudyofChinesenowadays.Takingalookaround,onecanfindexamplestoomanytoenumerate:someplaytruantfromChineseclassessomereadfewChineseclassicsandsomerarelywritearticlesinChinese.Anumberoffactorscanaccountforsuchphenomenon,butthefollowingmightbethecriticalones.Foronething,thecrazeforlearningEnglishaffect,tosomedegree,students’passionforthestudyoftheirnativelanguage.Foranother,theincreasingemphasisonsomeso-called“practicalsubjects”closelyrelatedtojobhuntingalsocutintostudents’timeandenergyspentonthestudyofChinese.Theproblemmentionedaboveisboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablindeyetoit.First,students’weaknessinChinesewouldleadtotheirignoranceofChineseculture.Secondly,theirproblemswithChinesewouldalsohampertheirstudyofothersubjects.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Inthefirstplace,itisessentialthattheschoolattachmoreimportancetotheteachingofChinese.Inthesecondplace,studentsshouldenhancetheirawarenessoftheimportanceofmasteringtheirmothertongue.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpecttheall-sideddevelopmentofstudents.2.CollegeStudents’MentalHealthThereisnodenyingthefactthatmentalhealthisofgreatimportancetocollegestudents.Nowadays,manystudentsincollegesufferfrommentalillness,whichseverelyaffectstheirlifeandstudy.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Reportsareoftenheardthatsomestudentscommittedsuicideormurderedtheirroommates.TypicalexamplesincludethecaseofMaJiajueandthatofagirlstabbingherschoolmates.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsget

29worse.Ontheonehand,dueattentionhastobepaidbycollegestostudents’mentalhealth.First,lecturesonpsychologicalhealthshouldbefrequentlygiventostudentstopreventproblemsfromhappening.Secondly,psychologicalclinicsshouldbesetuptoprovidetroubledstudentswithtimelyhelp.Astostudents,weshouldkeepthechannelofcommunicationopenamongourselvesandbetweenusandourteachersandparents.Besides,incaseofmentalillness,weshouldnothesitatetogotopsychologicalcounselorsforhelp.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpectsoundgrowthofcollegestudents.3．TheImportanceofReadingClassicsReadingclassicsplaysavitalroleinaperson'sgrowth.Byreadingclassicworks,eitherChineseorforeign,onecanlearnagreatdealabouthistory,geography,politics,warsandcustoms.Besides,astheseclassicsaretheoutstandingrepresentativesofhumanlanguage,readingthemcanenormouslyimproveourabilitytoreadandwriteandtoinheritculturaltraditions.However,adiminishingnumberofpeoplewouldliketoreadclassicsnow.Avarietyoffactorsmayhavecontributedtothisphenomenon,butthefollowingarethecriticalones.Inthefirstplace,asthepaceoflifeandworkquickens,peoplecanfindlittletimetoindulgethemselvesinthickandseriousworks.TheywouldratherreadlightandeasymagazinesorsurftheInternetanddoonlinereading.Inthesecondplace,mostclassicsdepictthingsfarawayfromourreallife,whichmakesreadingthemseemirrelevant.Ascollegestudents,weshouldshouldertheburdenofinheritinganddevelopingculturalheritage.Therefore,itisessentialthatweshouldmakeplanstoreadclassicsregularly.Besides,weshouldtrytoinfluencepeoplearoundusintoreadingthem.4．TheCelebrationofWesternFestivalsNoonecanhavefailedtonoticethefactthatanincreasingnumberofChinesearefondofcelebratingsomeWesternfestivalstoday.Forinstance,onValentine’sDay,manypeoplegiveflowersorchocolatetotheonetheylove.AnothercaseinpointisChristmas.Itseemsthatpeoplearoundthecountrynowlovetocelebratethefestival.Anumberoffactorsaccountforthephenomenonmentionedabove,butthefollowingmightbethecriticalones.Inthefirstplace,duetothepolicyofreformandopening-up,ChinesepeopletendtoknowmoreaboutWesterncultureandbeinfluencedbyit.Secondly,somebusinessmenwishtomakemoneybyencouragingpeopletocelebratethoseWesternfestivals.Lastbutnotleast,astraditionalChinesefestivallosetheirattraction;manypeopletendtofindjoyinWesternfestivals.ThoughweneednotcriticizepeoplecelebratingWesternfestivals,norcanwestopthem,wehavetobewareofthedangerbehindit.WhileenjoyingtheatmospherebroughtbythoseWesterncustoms,wemightwellloseourowntraditionandidentity.5.SayNotoPiratedProductsThereisnodenyingthefactthatpiracyisagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Inmanyplacesweseepeoplepeddlingpiratedbooksordisks.

30Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfortheproblem,butthefollowingmightbethemostcriticalones.First,piratedproductsaremuchcheaperthancopyrightedones,sotheyareveryattractivetopeople,especiallyyoungsters,whoarenotfinanciallywell-off.Secondly,withhighlydevelopedtechnology,itisnotdifficulttomanufacturepiratedproducts.Withoneauthorizedcopy,theillegalproducerscanmakethousandsoffakeonesataverylowcost,thusmakinghugeprofits.Asaresult,intellectualpropertyrightsareseverelyinfringedupon.Honestproducerswilllosethemotivationtodevelopnewproducts.Meanwhile,piratedproductsareoftenoflowquality,thusdamagingtheinterestofbuyers.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeformulatedandenforcedtobanthemanufactureandcirculationofpiratedproducts.Meanwhile,peopleshouldbeeducatedtosaynototheseproducts.Withthesemeasurestaken,wehavereasonstobelievethattheproblemcanbesolvedinthenearfuture.6．ReduceWasteonCampus(a)Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatwastinghasbecomeagraveprobleminmanycampuses.Inthedininghall,muchfoodareleftintheplatesanddumpedintothetrashcan.Intheclassroom,blankorhalfblankpiecesofpaperareleftonthedesks.Inthedormbuilding,tapsareleftopenandwaterleftrunningordrippingallthetime.Andtherecanbemoresuchexamples.Inviewoftheexpandingpopulationandtheshortageofvariousresources,wastingisreallyaharmfulhabit.Itputstrainsonthealreadyshortsupplyoffood,water,electricityandthelike.Besides,itgoesagainsttraditionalvirtueofhardworkandsimplelivingandmayleadstoaluxuriouslifestyle,whichisdangeroustothesoulsofmankind.Therefore,itishightimethatwetookstepstostopwasting.Weshouldstartfromtriflesaroundourselves:remembertoturnoffthetapwhenwefinishwashing;trytoordertheexactamountoffoodwecanconsume;neverthrowawayanyblankorhalfblankpiecesofpaper.Andalwaysremember,apennysavedisapennyearned.(b)Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatwastinghasbeenagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist:inthedininghall,muchfoodisleftinplatesanddumpedintothetrashcan;intheclassroom,blankpiecesofpaperareleftonthedesks;inthedormbuilding,tapsareleftopenandwaterleftrunningallthetime.Wastingisboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablindeyetoit.Firstandforemost,itputstrainsonthealreadyshortsupplyoffood,water,electricityandthelike.Besides,itgoesagainsttraditionalvirtueofhardworkandsimplelivingandmayleadtoaluxuriouslifestyle,whichisdangeroustothesoulsofmankind.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itisessentialthatregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtobanwasting.Secondly,studentsshouldenhancetheirawarenessofsavingresources.Withproperlawsandan

31alertpublic,itwillonlybeamatteroftimeforwastingtobecomeathingofthepast.7.ItPaystoBeHonestAlthoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.Dishonestpeopleareshort-sighted.Thosewhosellfakeproductsmaymakemoneyatfirst,butconsumerswon'tbuytheirproductsanymore.Asaresult,theywilllosetheirfortuneorevenbesenttoprison.Bycontrast,honestpeoplegainalot.Thosewhoalwaystelltruthorkeeptotheirpromisenotonlyletotherstrustthembutgainrespectfromotherpeopleaswell.Suchpersonsaresuretohavealotofgoodfriends.Becausetheyaretrustableandrespectable,everyoneiseagertomakefriendswiththem.Besides,itiseasierforapersonwithagoodrecordtogetagoodjob.Generallyspeaking,everyemployerwantshisemployeestobehonest.Sowecansaythatanyonewhoishonestwillbepaidbacklater. Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonor.Soitisimportantthatweshouldbehonest.8.HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation(a)Nowadays,ifwewanttogotocollege,wewillhavetopayabigsumofmoney.It'saproblemtomanystudents.Manywayscancontributetosolvethisseriousproblem.Butthefollowingonesmaybethemosteffective.First,youcanaskyourparentsforhelpiftheyhavenicecareers.Anotherwaytosolvethisproblemistoapplyforabankloan.Finally,wecanfindaparttimejobtogetenoughmoney. Astome,I'minfavorofthesecondidea.Myreasonsofchoicecanbelistedasfollows.Firstofall,myparentsarenotrichenoughtoaffordme.Secondly,you'llnothaveenoughtimeandenergytostudyafterfinishingtheparttimejob.Finally,I'msurethatI'llgetanicejobaftergraduation.ThenI'llbeabletopaybacktheloan. Throughtheanalysisabove,Ibelievethatbankloanismybestchoice. (b)NobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatcollegetuitionandfeesareagraveproblemwithwhichmanyfamiliesandstudentsareconfrontedinChina.Takingalookaround,wecanfindmanyexcellentstudentsaredeniedthechancetogotocollegeduetolackofmoney.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Actually,theproblemcanbedealtwithinmanyways.First,youcanaskyourparentsforhelpiftheyhavenicecareers.Anotherwaytosolvethisproblemistoapplyforabankloan.Finally,wecanfindaparttimejobtogetenoughmoney. Astome,I'minfavorofthesecondidea.Myreasonsofchoicecanbelistedasfollows.Firstofall,myparentsarenotrichenoughtoaffordme.Secondly,you'llnothaveenoughtimeandenergytostudyafterfinishingtheparttimejob.Finally,I'msurethatI'llgetanicejobaftergraduation.ThenI'llbeabletopaybacktheloan.Throughtheanalysisabove,Ibelievethatbankloanismybestchoice.

329.Don'tHesitatetoSayNoAsageneralrule,peopleliketohelpothers,butthereareoccasionswhenyoushouldsaynotorequestsforfavors.Forinstance,itisbettertorefusewhenachildpestersyouforsweetfoodanddrinksorfortoomanytoys.Anotherexampleiswhenarelativeasksyoutouseyourinfluencetogethimorherabankloanoraworkpromotion.However,wecannotignorethefactthatmanypeoplearereluctanttosayno.Theyfeelthatiftheyturndownarequestfromarelativeorfriend,theywillcauseill-feelingwithinthefamilyorbecomeunpopularwiththeiracquaintances.Anotablecaseinpointiswhenthebossasksthemtodosomethingwhichtheyfeelisunreasonable.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatnotsayingnowhenyoushouldsaynocansometimeshaveharmfulconsequences.Ifchildrenaregiveneverythingtheyaskfor,notonlymaytheirhealthbedamaged,buttheymaygrowupselfishandspoilt.Again,inthelongrunitiskindertorefusetolendmoneytoapersonwhohasagamblingoralcoholismproblem.10.MyViewonFakeCommoditiesNobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatfakecommoditieshavebeenagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Fakeandshoddygoodsfloodthemarket.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist:piratededitionsofbooksandfilms,foodanddrinksofpoorqualityandthelike.Fakeandshoddygoodsareboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablindeyetothem.Firstandforemost,theydirectlyinfringeuponconsumers’rights,wastingtheirmoneyandthreateningtheirhealthandevenlives.Besides,theproductionandsaleoffakegoodscauseseriouslossesonthepartofhonestandlawfulproducers.Lastbutnotleast,thedestructionoffakecommoditiesmeansagrievouswasteofthenation’sresources.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtobanthemanufactureandcirculationoffakeandshoddygoods.Secondly,thepublicshouldenhancetheirawarenessofidentifyingandrefusingsub-standardcommodities.Withproperlawsandanalertpublic,itwillonlybeamatteroftimeforfakeandshoddygoodstobecomethingsofthepast./Withthesemeasurestaken,itisreasonableforustobelievethattheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfuture.11.MyViewontheNegativeEffectsofSomeAdvertisementsThereisnodenyingthefactthatmanycommercialadvertisementscarryundesirablemessages.Theyadvertiseluxurygoods,unhealthyfoodstuffsanddrinks,andsometimesevendangerousorenvironmentallyharmfulproductssuchasmotorcars.Inaddition,theymayadvertisespirituallyharmfulpublicationsorentertainment.Suchadvertisementsareboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablindeyetothem.First,theyencouragepeopletowastemoneyandresources.Moreover,theysetabadexampletoyoungsters,arousinginthemthedesireforluxuriesinsteadofteachingthemthegoodhabitofleadingasimplelife-style.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Foronething,properlawsandregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedtoban

33theseads.Foranother,thepubicshouldbeeducatedtoidentifytheseadsandrefusetobuytheproductsrecommendedbythem.Withthesemeasurestaken,itwillbeamatteroftimebeforetheseadstobecomethingsofthepast.12.ManIstoSurviveThehumanraceisfacingproblemswhicharegettingmoreacuteastimegoeson.Themostseriousareshortagesofresources,environmentalpollution,andthepressureofpopulationgrowth.Inturn,theseproblemscausepoverty,diseaseandwars.Pessimistssaythatthehumanraceisfacingextinction.Thisisbecauseitisnowtoolatetosolvetheseproblems,accordingtothem.Theypredictthatresourceswillbecomeexhaustedsoonerorlater,thatpollutionwilleventuallypoisontheplanet,andthatuncheckedpopulationgrowthwillcausemassstarvation.ButIdonotagreethatmankindisdoomed.Inthepast,thehumanracehasalwaysshownthatithasthewisdomtoovercomeanythreattoitssurvival.Inthefuture,too,mankindwillsurvivebyusingitswisdomtofindawayoutofitsproblems.13.HowtoSolvetheHousingProbleminBigCitiesTheshortageofhousinginbigcitiesisoneofthemostseriousproblemsofmodernliving.Increasingnumbersofpeoplearefindingitdifficulttoconductnormalfamilyandworkdutiesbecausetheyeitherhavenowheretoliveortheirhousesareinadequate.Thisisaproblemthatrequiresanurgentsolutionbecauseitleadstosocialunrestandeconomicinefficiency.Somepeoplesuggestthatthesolutiontotheproblemistobuildmorehigh-riseapartments,othersareinfavorofundergroundhousingareas.Ipreferthefirstidea,becauseitischeapertobuildabovegroundthanbelow.Besides,peopleprefertoliveintheopenairandseethesunshine.Thesecondideaisnotpractical.Onereasonforthisisthatitisdangeroustoconstructlivingplacesunderstreetsandbuildings.Anotherreasonisthatitwouldtaketoomuchtimetocarryout,andinthemeantimethenumberofpeoplewaitingforhouseswouldincrease,thusmakingtheproblemworse.14.HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficNowadays,China’scitiesaregettingincreasinglycrowded.Therapidincreaseinpopulationisbeingmadeworsebythesteadyinfluxofpeoplefromtheruralareasseekingemployment.Asaresult,heavytrafficisabigheadache,withalltheroadspackedwithcars,bicyclesandpedestrians.Inmyopinion,therearetwowaystosolvetheproblem.Oneistobuildmoreandwiderroadstomakethepublichighwayslesscrowdedandspeeduptheflowoftraffic.Theotheristoexpandthenumberofpublicbusroutes,sothatmorepeoplecanbetransportedandfewerpeoplewillhavetotravelbycarorbicycle.However,eachofthesesolutionsbringsproblemswithit.Theformermayoccupytoomuchlandthatcouldbeusedforfarmsorhouses;thelattermaycauseinconvenienceforlongperiodsinbuslines.Ithinkthebestanswertotheproblemofheavytrafficisacombinationofthetwo:buildmoreroadsinplaceswherelandislessuseful,andatthesametimeincreasethenumberofpublicbusroutes.

34分类思维法：依旧拿着这篇假冒伪劣产品的文章做例子：Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatfakecommoditieshavebeenagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Fakeandshoddygoodsfloodthemarket.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist:piratededitionsofbooksandfilms,foodanddrinksofpoorqualityandthelike.Fakeandshoddygoodsareboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablindeyetothem.Firstandforemost,theydirectlyinfringeuponconsumers’rights,wastingtheirmoneyandthreateningtheirhealthandevenlives.Besides,theproductionandsaleoffakegoodscauseseriouslossesonthepartofhonestandlawfulproducers.Lastbutnotleast,thedestructionoffakecommoditiesmeansagrievouswasteofthenation’sresources.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtobanthemanufactureandcirculationoffakeandshoddygoods.Secondly,thepublicshouldenhancetheirawarenessofidentifyingandrefusingsub-standardcommodities.Withproperlawsandanalertpublic,itwillonlybeamatteroftimeforfakeandshoddygoodstobecomethingsofthepast./Withthesemeasurestaken,itisreasonableforustobelievethattheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfuture.物质material/physical精神spiritual/mental个人individual社会social时间time/chronological空间space/spatial主观subjective客观objective主体subject客体object生产production消费consumption供给supplies需求demands天灾natural人祸man-made/artificial国内domestic国外foreign开源explore/seek节流economize/save政府government/authorities民众public/masses经济政治文化工作学习生活时间金钱精力这些相对的词汇在分析一个事件的问题时经常使用。画线的部分算是模版。模拟题：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicFoodSafety.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1．食品安全成为我们面临的一个严重问题。2．产生这一问题的原因。3．如何解决这一问题。FoodSafetyThereisnodenyingthefactthatfoodsafetyisagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Reportsareoftenhearduponfoodproductsofbadquality.ThemostnotableinstancesmightbethenotoriousSanLumilkpowder,swill-cookeddirtyoilandtheso-called“leanmeatpowder”.Actually,theproblemhasbecomesowidespreadthatithasseverelyaffectedpeople’slifeand

35hinderedthedevelopmentofeconomy.Anumberoffactorsaccountfortheproblem,butpoorsupervisionandlawenforcementmightbetheleadingreasons.Actually,wedohavesuchdepartmentsasthebureauoffoodsafetysupervisionandadministrationandthebureauofindustryandcommerceinvariouslevelsofthegovernment,buttheyarenotreallyfunctioningorfulfillingtheirduties.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itishightimethatpertinentlawsandregulationswereworkedoutandrigidlyenforcedtocrackdownonanyproductionandcirculationofsubstandardfoodproducts.Meanwhile,inactiveandincompetentcivilservantsshouldbeimmediatelypurgedfromtheteamoffoodsafetysupervisionandadministration.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpectabrightfutureofthisnation. 2008年12月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledCollegeStudents’MentalHealth.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.心理健康对于大学生很重要2.鉴于此，学校可以……3.我们自己应该……CollegeStudents’MentalHealthThereisnodenyingthefactthatmentalhealthisofgreatimportancetocollegestudents.Nowadays,manystudentsincollegesufferfrommentalillness,whichseverelyaffectstheirlifeandstudy.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Reportsareoftenheardthatsomestudentscommittedsuicideormurderedtheirroommates.TypicalexamplesincludethecaseofMaJiajueandthatofagirlstabbingherschoolmates.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Ontheonehand,dueattentionhastobepaidbycollegestostudents’mentalhealth.First,lecturesonpsychologicalhealthshouldbefrequentlygiventostudentstopreventproblemsfromhappening.Secondly,psychologicalclinicsshouldbesetuptoprovidetroubledstudentswithtimelyhelp.Astostudents,weshouldkeepthechannelofcommunicationopenamongourselvesandbetweenusandourteachersandparents.Besides,incaseofmentalillness,weshouldnothesitatetogotopsychologicalcounselorsforhelp.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpectsoundgrowthofcollegestudents.模版的东西要灵活使用，一定要看好作文给的提纲。（五）谚语警句型这类题型一般不会考。下面我们看一下这篇文章，了解一下这类提醒怎么写1997年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHasteMakesWaste.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.为什么“欲速则不达”？ 2.举例说明。分为三个步骤：第一，解释含义；第二，举例说明；第三，总结建议。

36解释含义就是从字面上解释一下。我们写一段怎么着也要写两到三句。第二段一定要举例子，例子一定要贴切。HasteMakesWasteAfamoussayinggoes“Hastemakeswaste”,whichmeansthatoneshoulddoeverythingstepbystep.Evensimpleoperationscaneasilybespoiledifwerushtocompletethem,neglectingimportantstagesintheprocess.Oneshouldmakefullpreparationsbeforebeginninganytask.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.ThebestillustrationmightbeEnglishstudy.Withoutagoodcommand（master）ofpronunciation,wecanneverhopetospeakinanunderstandableway.Similarly（同样道理）,ifwedonotlearntospellproperlyandtoacquireabasicgraspofgrammar,wewillneversucceedinwritinggoodcompositions.(或Actually,historyaboundswithexamplesofhastemakingwaste.Awell-knownChinesefablegoesthatafarmertriedtohelptheshootsgrowbypullingthemupward,onlytofindthattheydiedsoon.Anothercaseinpointistheso-calledGreatLeapForwardmovementinChinain1950’sand1960’s.Atthattime,theChinesepeopleweresoeagertodeveloptheireconomythattheytooksomeimpropermeasures,onlytohindertheexpansionofeconomy.)(或HereIcanthinkofnobetterillustrationoftheproverbthantheexperienceofmyown.Attheageof11or12,Ibegantolearntoride.Eagertorideaswellasothers,Istartedbysittingonthesaddleattheverybeginning.Predictably,Ioftenfellfromoverthebike.LotsoftimehadbeenwastedbeforeIrealizedthatIshoulddoitstepbystep.Itriedtoslidebystandingononepedal.ThenIbegantoridethebikefromunderthecrossbar.Finally,Isucceeded.)Inshort,layingasolidfoundationisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlives.Ateverystep,reviewwhathasbeenachievedandassesstheproblemsaheadbeforemovingtothenextstep.Andremember,Romewasnotbuiltinaday.模拟题：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicWhereThereIsaWill,ThereIsaWay.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.为什么“有志者，事竟成”？。 2.举例说明。WhereThereIsaWill,ThereIsaWayAwell-knownproverbgoesthat“wherethereisawill,thereisaway”,whichmeansthatonecanfindawaytosuccessaslongasheorshehasastrongwill.Withastrongwill,onecanfocusallhisenergyononepoint,whichmakeshissuccesspossible.Withoutastrongwill,however,onecanbeeasilydistractedfromhisgoalordiscouragedbysetbacks,whichleadstohisultimatefailure.Historyaboundswithexamplesofstrong-willedfigureswinningsuccess.Actually,thereisnobetterillustrationoftheproverbthanthedeedsofGouJian,kingofYueinancientChina.DefeatedbyFuChai,kingofWu,Goutriedeverymeanspossibletosteelhiswill.Eventually,withthehelpofFanLiandXiShi,hemanagedtorebuildhiscountryandhisarmiesandhadFuChaitastethebitternessoffailure.Inshort,astrongwillisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlives.Oneshouldlosenochancetostrengthhiswilland

37remember,Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPracticeMakesPerfect.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:1.为什么说“熟能生巧”2.例如……3．又例如PracticeMakesPerfectAwell-knownproverbgoes“Practicemakesperfect”,whichmeansthatperfectionliesinpractice.Withoutpractice,youcanneverexpecttobereallygoodatanything.Onthecontrary,themoreyoupractice,themorelikelyyouaretodothingsinaperfectway.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.ThestudyofEnglishisacaseinpoint.Ifyouwishtoimproveyourpronunciation,youmustpracticepronouncingeveryEnglishsyllableagainandagain.Likewise,ifyouwanttowriteanexcellentcomposition,youhavetositdownandwrite.AnotherexampleisDengYapping,theworldNo.1womanPing-pongplayer.Thisshortgirl,whodoesnotseemtobecutoutforsports,oweshersuccesstopainstakingandperseverantpractice.Inshort,practiceisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlife.Practice,tosomedegree,canmakethedifferencebetweenbeingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.（六）图表题1991年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegraphbelow.Thesuggestedtitleis:CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCity.Rememberthatyourcompositionmustbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline:1.Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph;

382.Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity;3.Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.图表作文第一段不要大量机械的罗列数字，要指出上升下降的趋势和比例。CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCityItcanbeseenfromthegraphthattherateofcaraccidentsinWaltonCityexperiencedrisesandfallsin1990.FromJanuarytoMarchlastyearitincreasedby45%.FromMarchtoJuneitdroppedbyabouthalfthepreviousrate.FromJunetoAugusttherewasasteepriseof50%.Afterthat,however,therewasasteadydecrease.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisimprovement,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,newtrafficregulationshavemadedriversmorecareful.Second,morepeopleareusingbicyclesfortransportation.Finally,inthelaterpartoftheyeargoodweathermadetheroadssafertodriveon.IamconfidentthattherewillbeevenfewercaraccidentsinWaltoninthefuture.First,majorroadshavebeenrepairedandthenumberofpublicbuseshasbeenincreasedinthepastfewmonths.Moreover,atrafficsafetycampaignhasmadeallthelocalpeoplemoreawareofthedangersofunsafedriving.2003年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChangesintheOwnershipofHousesinChina.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthegraphandoutlinebelow.1.Describethechangesasindicatedbythegraph2.GivepossiblereasonsforthechangesChangesintheOwnershipofHousesinChinaItcanbeseenfromthechartthattherehavebeendramaticchangesintheownershipofhousesinChinainthepast50years.Whilethepercentageofstate-ownedhouseshasdroppedfrom70%in1950’sto20%in1990’s,thatofprivatehouseshassoaredfrom30%to80%duringthesameperiodoftime.

39Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthechangeinthechart,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,thankstothepolicyofreformandopening-up,thenation’seconomyhasbeendevelopingataconsiderablyhighspeedinthepastdecades.Therefore,peoplehavemoreextramoneytoimprovetheirhousing.Secondly,otherrelevantstatepoliciesandtheboomofrealestateindustryprovidecitizenswithmoreopportunitiestochoosetheirowndwellingplaces.Lastbutnotleast,peoplehaveattachedgreaterimportancetotheirqualityoflife.Thusmoreofthemhavepurchasedhousesintheirownfavor.Inaword,thischartisaperfectindexofChina’sfastexpandingeconomyandpeople’srisingstandardofliving.Althoughaseriesofproblemshavearisenintheprocess,itisreasonableforustobelievethattheycanbesolvedinthenearfuturewitheffectivemeasurestakenbyboththegovernmentandthepublic.基本思路就是先来个合理铺垫，铺垫之后合理思维，客观的、主观的。有需求有供应。2006年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledTravelingAbroad.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbasedonthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:NumberofpeopleinCityXtravelingabroadin1995,2000and20051.近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游2.出现这一现象的原因3．这种现象可能产生的影响TravelingAbroadItcanbeseenfromthechartthattherehavebeensharpincreasesinthenumberofpeopletravelingabroadinCityXinthepastdecade.Asthechartshows,theyear1995witnessedonlyabout10,000peoplefromthiscitytouringabroad.In2000,thenumbersoaredtonearly40,000.Lastyear,morethan120,000peopleinthecitychosetospendtheirvacationsoutsideChina.Anumberoffactorsaccountforthechangeinthechart,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,thankstothepolicyofreformandopening-up,thenation’seconomyhasbeendevelopingataconsiderablyhighspeedinthepastdecades.Therefore,thepeoplehavemore

40extramoneyfortraveling.Secondly,otherrelevantstatepoliciesandtheboomoftouringindustryprovidecitizenswithmoreopportunitiestogooutandseetheworld.Lastbutnotleast,peoplehaveattachedgreaterimportancetothequalityoflife,thustheyspendmoremoneyandtimetravelingandsight-seeing.Inaword,thischartisaperfectindicatorofChina’sfastexpandingeconomyandpeople’srisingstandardoflife.Thetrendoftravelingabroadwillfurtherstimulatethedevelopmentofoureconomyandbroadenpeople’shorizons.模拟题：Directions:Inthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonTheIncreaseintheNumberofStudentsAttendingGraduateEntranceExams.Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow.某大学参加考研的学生人数1.DescribethechangesinthenumberofstudentsattendinggraduateentranceexamsinUniversityXinthepastdecade.2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.3.Stateyourownchoice.范文不一定使用模版写的，记住并不是所有的文章都要用模版。TheIncreaseintheNumberofStudentsAttendingGraduateEntranceExamsItcanbeseenfromthechartthattherehavebeensharpincreasesinthenumberofstudentsattendinggraduateentranceexamsinUniversityXinthepastdecade.Asthechartshows,theyear1998witnessedonly2,900studentstakingpartintheexams.In2004,thenumbersoaredtonearlyfourthousand.In2010,farmorepeoplepreparedthemselvesforgraduatestudy.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthechangeinthechart,butthefollowingmightbethecriticalones.First,duetothespreadingfinancialcrisisandeconomicrecessioninthepastyears,thenumberofjobvacancieshasbeenonasharpdecline.Secondly,asaresultofexpandedenrollmentsinmanycollegesanduniversities,thenumberofgraduateshasrocketedinChina,whichaddstothefiercenessofcompetitioninthejobmarket.Lastbutnotleast,relevantstatepoliciesandtheboomofhighereducationprovidestudentswithmoreopportunitiestogoafterhigherdegrees.

41Personally,Iwouldnotpursuegraduatestudyrightupongraduationfromcollege.ThemainreasonisthatIhavenotmadeupmymindonthefieldtomajorin.ButIreallydeemitnecessaryformetosecureamasterdegree.SoIwouldsetmygoalwhileIamworking.2003年9月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledReadingPreferences.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:ReadingpreferencesofstudentsinanAmericanuniversityin2002CategoriesofbooksPercentageofbookcirculationinthelibraryPopularFiction65.9%GeneralNonfiction18.2%Science/Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature/Poetry5.1%1．根据上表，简要叙述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况；2．你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论3．你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由。ReadingPreferencesItcanbeseenfromthetablethatpopularfictionismostpopularwithAmericanstudents,accountingfor65.9%ofbookcirculationinthelibrary.Generalnonfictioncomesnext,makingup18.2%,whilebooksconcerningscience,technologyandeducationcomposeonly10.8%.Theleastpreferredcategoryisthatofart,literatureandpoetry,withacirculationrateofmerely5.1%.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthereadingpreferences,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.Firstly,popularfictionisfascinatingtotheyoungstudents.Secondly,booksaboutscienceandtechnologyareusuallytoocomplexanddifficulttoread.Theyoftencontainmanyspecialtermswhichmoststudentscan’tunderstand.Finally,intoday’smarketeconomy,muchmoreemphasisislaidonpracticalandvocationalbooksratherthanartsorpoetry.Whenitcomestome,poetryandartaremyfavorites.Suchkindofbookscannourishmymind,broadenmyhorizonsandrendermeafreshfeeling.Readingapieceofgoodpoetrytendstorelievemyburdenandlessenmytension,makingmemorecreativeanddynamic.Itgetsmeintoanimaginaryworld,freshandbeautiful.Ijustloveit!图表题型总结：第一：描述数据；第二：说明原因；第三：总结、建议、展望。1992年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthefollowinggraphwhichshowsthechangeinthenumberoffilm-goersandTV-watchersinacertaincity.Thetitleofthecompositionis:FilmIsGivingWaytoTV.Youshouldwritenolessthan120wordsforyourcompositionanditmustincludethefollowingideas(giveninChinese):

421.电影观众越来越少2.电视观众越来越多，因为……3.然而，还是有人喜欢看电影,因为……Quoteasfewfiguresaspossible.Remembertowriteyourcompositioninreadable handwriting.FilmIsGivingWaytoTV(a)Thelateststatisticsshowthatthenumberofpeopleattendingcinemasisgettingsteadilysmaller.Atthesametime,thenumberoftelevisionviewersisgrowingatalmostthesamerate.Expertssaythatthesetwotrendsareconnectedinthreeways.First,overthepastfewdecadestelevisionsetshaveappearedinalmosteveryhome.Second,filmsveryquicklybecomeavailableonvideo,andcanbeshownontheTVscreen.Third,itisbecomingmoreexpensivetomakefilms,andsothepricesofcinemaseatsarerising.However,thisdoesnotmeanthedeathofthemovieindustry.Therewillalwaysbepeoplewhoprefertogoouttoseeafilm.ThisisbecausenomatterhowgoodaTVfilmorvideois,itcanneverbeasentertainingasafilmshownonthe“bigscreen.”(b)FilmisgivingwaytoTV.Accordingtoaninvestigationmadeonthenumberoffilm-goersandTV-watchersinaten-yearperiod(1975-1985),attheendof1985,thenumberoffilm-goersdeclinedsharplytoabout15thousandwhichaccountsforonlysome20percentofwhatin1975,theheydayoffilms.Thisdecline,nodoubt,owestothesteadilyincreasingnumberofTV-watchersinthesamedecade.This,Ithink,indicatesthechangingpaceinoursociety.Nowadays,peoplepreferTVtofilmlargelybecausetheyhavelesschancethantheiroldergenerationtospendtwoorthreehoursinacinema;theypreferakindofentertainmentwhichisfreer,lesstime-consumingandthusmoreefficient.TVjustmeetstheirneed.ThisisatleastpartlyifnotwhollythereasonthatattributestotheboomofTVinourgeneration.Nevertheless,therearestillanumberoffilm-fansnowadays.Theyclaimthatasaclassicalart,filmisfarmoreenjoyablethanTV.Someofthemalsowanttorecallthe“true-life”which

43existedinthe“good-past”.Allinall,filmisstillacharmingkindofartasitusedtobe.（七）应用文写作：应用文写作就是格式的东西，大多都是书信的格式。它也只是一个噱头而已。除了书信还包括广告等书信分类：私人书信；公务书信。两者的区别：私人书信可用非正式的语言，即小词、短句，甚至口语词。开头可以采用howareyou?公务书信(以及官方通知)多用正式语言，即大词、长句、被动语态先看一下私人书信的例子：2001年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringaweeklongholiday.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.1.表示欢迎2.提出对度假安排的建议3.提醒应注意的事项DearXiaoWang,I’mthrilledtoreceiveyourletteronMay10th,inwhichyousuggestedourspendingaweektogetherhereinBeijing.Idothinkit’safantasticideaandIbelievewe’llhaveagoodtimetogether.Astothearrangementoftheholiday,Isuggestthefollowingactivities.ForthefirstthreedaysIwillshowyouaroundourcampusandsomeplacesofinterestdowntownBeijing,suchastheForbiddenCity,theTempleofHeavenandtheSummerPalace.Forthefollowingtwodays,wewillvisittheGreatWall,theMingTombsandotherhistoricsitesaroundthecity.Inthelasttwodays,wewillbebackinthecityandtoursomefamousbusinessstreets,whereyoucandosomeshopping.Whatdoyousay?ItwillbequitehothereinBeijing,soremembertogetpreparedfortheweather.And,lastbutnotleast,don’tforgettobringyourcamerawithyou,foryouwillfindsomanyscenesworthphotographinghere.Iwillbelongingforyourarrival.Bestwishes.Yourstruly,ZhangYing公务书信的例子：给校长写信，反应学校食堂的情况2002年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:

44假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampusJanuary12th,2002DearMr.President,IamasophomorefromDepartment3andIamwritingtoyouaboutthefoodandserviceinthecanteenoncampus.Tobefrank,Iamratherdisappointedatthefoodquality,priceandserviceinthecanteen.First,thedishesarescarcelywellcookedandmostofthemtastethesame.Secondly,mostofthedishestherearepricedsohighthatsomestudentscannotevenaffordthem.Thirdly,theserviceinthecanteenisfarfromsatisfyingandtheinsideofthecanteenalwaysseemuntidy.Tosolvetheproblem,Isuggestthatanothercanteenbebuiltandamechanismofcompetitionbeintroducedbetweentheoldandthenew.Besides,boththecanteensshouldbesubjecttothestudents'supervision.Diningisaneverydayissueforstudents.Itmayaffecttheiracademicperformance.Therefore,IsincerelyhopethislettercandrawyourattentiontothematterandIhopetheproblemsmentionedabovecanbesolvedassoonaspossible. Bestregards.Yourssincerely LiMing书信写作步骤：1、简要说明事由；2、说明具体理由；3、再次申明目的。看一下几道重要的模拟题：1．（求职信）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterofapplicationforajobYoushouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:假定你是李明，是北京外国语大学(BeijingForeignStudiesUniversity)一名英语专业的学生。你在ChinaDaily上看到一则招聘广告：MicrosoftChina要招聘口译员。你认为自己符合条件，请写一封申请信。ALetterofApplicationforaJobJune18th,2011DearSir/Madam,IamrespondingtoyouradvertisementinChinaDailyonJune10th,2011,whichinvitesapplicationsforinterpreters.Enclosedwiththisletterismyresumewhichdetailsmybackground.IbelievethatIamthebestcandidateforthisposition.Inthefirstplace,IhavebeenstudyingforfouryearsinBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiouslanguageschoolsinChina,whichhasprovidedmewithadesirablecommandofEnglishskills.Inthesecondplace,Ihavetakenpartinanumberofsocialactivitiesinthepastyears,whichhavehelpedcultivatemyteam-spiritandcreativity.Besides,Ihaveattendedtrainingcoursesforinterpretationandhaveobtainedrelatedcertificates.Lastbutnotleast,Ihaveworkedasapart-timeinterpreter,soIamwellpreparedforthisjob.IwouldtreasurethechanceandexerteveryefforttodoagoodjobifIhadthelucktobeprovidedwiththeposition.Besides,Ishallbemuchobligedifyouwillaffordmeanopportunityforaninterview,andIappreciatearesponsefromyouatyourearliestconvenience.

45Thankyouforconsideringthisapplication. Bestregards.Yourssincerely， LiMing2．（投诉信）Directions:Writealetterofcomplaintaccordingtothefollowingsituation:YouboughtanairconditionerinSunApplianceandhaditinstalledtheotherday,butyoufoundthatthefanmadetoomuchnoisewhenthemachineoperated.Youdemandthestoretosendarepresentativetocheckitup.Writeyourletterinnolessthan150words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.June18th,2011DearSirorMadam,I’mwritingtolodgethecomplaintaboutthepoorqualityofanairconditionerthatIpurchasedfromSunApplianceCompany.Franklyspeaking,SunAppliancehasalwaysbeenmyfavorite.OnMay4,2011,Iboughttheairconditioner(serialnumber12345)fromoneofyourchainstoreslocatedinLangFang.Themachineoperatedwellatfirst,buttendayslater,therewasafaultthatbotheredme,thatis,thefanmadesomuchnoisethatIcouldnotsleepwellatnight.Worsestill,thecoolingsystemdidn’tworkwellandthemachinebegantoleakrecently.Itspoorqualityruinedalmostallmypreviousimpressiontowardyourproducts.Istronglysuggestthatarepairmanshouldbesenttomyhomewithoutdelay.Iwonderifyoucouldfindouttheexactcauseoftheproblemassoonaspossible.Ifyoucan’t,IamafraidthatIwillrequestforfullamountofrefundoranewairconditioner.Iwouldappreciateallyourassistanceinthismatter.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasedon’thesitatetocontactme.Lookforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing3．（邀请信）Directions:SupposeyouarethedeanoftheHistoryDepartment,PekingUniversity.YouwanttoinviteProfessorHerbJason,awell-knownscholarofChinesehistory,tocometoattendaninternationalconferenceonChinesehistory.You’llcoverthefollowingpoints:1)Thepurposeoftheinvitation2)hetimeandplaceoftheconference3)AskhimafavorofpresentingalecturetoyourstudentsduringhisstayWriteyourletterinnolessthan150words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.June18th,2011DearProfessorHerbJason,IamLiMing,deanoftheHistoryDepartment,PekingUniversity.IamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinaninternationalconventionthatistobeheldinBeijingfrom22thto25th,July,

462011.SinceyourvisitinBeijinglastyear,alltheteachersthatattendedyourlecturehavebeendeeplyimpressedwithyourthoroughknowledgeandprofoundunderstandingofthesubject.Wewouldbepleasedifyoucouldcome,asourguestofhonor,totheInternationalConferenceonChineseHistory,Ifpossible,wouldyoupleasedeliveraspeechonwhateversubjectthatinterestsyou.Enclosedinthisletterisatimeschedulefortheevent.Youwould,ofcourse,receiveourstandardpaymenttocovertravelingandotherexpenses.WhenyouarriveinBeijing,Iwillcertainlymeetyouattheairport.Pleaseletmeknowyourdateofarrivalifyoucancomeandtelluswhenyoucanmakethetrip.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasedon’thesitatetocontactme.Lookforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing4．（感谢信）Directions:Writealetterofthanksaccordingtothefollowingsituation.OnceyouwereillandwerehospitalizedforafewweeksintheChaoyangMedicalCenter,Taiyuan,ShanxiProvince.Duringyourstaytheentirestaffwerekindtoyou.Whenyoucamebackhome,youwrotethemaletterofthanks.Writeyourletterinnolessthan150words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.June18th,2011DearSir/Madam,I’mwritingtoextendmyheartfeltthankstoallthenursesanddoctorsinyourhospital.Lastmonth,whileIwasonabusinesstripinTaiyuan,Shanxiprovince,Isufferedfromabadcoldandafever,soIwassenttoWardRom201,ChaoyangMedicalCenter.Duringmystayathospital,nursesondutypatientlytookmytemperature,regularlyexaminedmybody,andoftenfedmealstome.Inaddition,doctorsprescribedmethemosteffectivedrugsandgavethebestmedicaladvice.Thankstotheconstantcarefromthehospitalstaff,Irecoveredquickly.NowthatIhavereturnedhome,theexcellentserviceofyourhospitalstillimpressesme.Ibelievethataspatient,Ihavereceivedthemostprofessionaltreatmentandthemostconsideratecare.Pleaseallowmetoconveymysinceregreetingstowardthedoctorsandnursesthatcontributealltheirefforts,patienceandenergytotheirpatients.Nothingcanexpressmygratitudeexceptmybestwishestothem.Ifyouhaveanythingthatneedsmyhelp,pleasedon’thesitatetocontactme.Yourssincerely,LiMing书信落款：公务书信：Yourstruly/respectfully,私人书信：一般朋友或同学之间Yourscordially/faithfully,男女朋友或亲人之间Yourslovingly/affectionately,Love/Withlove书信称呼：对对方一无所知时ToWhomItMayConcern,不知道姓名或不便直呼其名但知道职位时：DearMr.+职位；DearMs.+

47职位；DearMr./Ms.+职位2005年12月（这是一篇公开信）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealettertoacompanydecliningajoboffer.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.对公司提供职位表示感谢2.解释为何不能接受所提供的职位3.希望予以谅解，并表示对公司的良好祝愿ALetterDecliningaJobOfferDecember24,2005DearSirorMadam:IamrespondingtoyourjobofferonDecember20,2005.IwasinformedthatIwouldbeofferedthepositionasaninterpreterforyourcompany.IcordiallyappreciateyourtrustandIammuchobligedtoyouforprovidingmewiththisvaluableopportunity.However,IhavetotellyouthatIcannotacceptit.ThemajorreasonisthatIdon’tthinkIamthemostappropriatecandidateforthispost.Asanon-Englishmajor,thoughmywrittenandspokenEnglishareoutstandingthanmostofmypeers,Iamnotwelltrainedintranslation,nottomentioninterpretation,which,Ibelieveishighlydemanding.Maybemyperformanceintheoralexaminationhasmisledyou.Actually,Iammoreinterestedandmorecompetentinmyownmajor,thatis,programdesigning.Lastbutnotleast,Ihappenedtohavebeenofferedsuchapositionwithanothercompany.Nonetheless,I,again,wanttoexpressmysinceregratefulnessandIearnestlyapologizeforanyinconvenienceherebycaused.Finally,Ihopeyoucanfindtheidealcandidateassoonaspossible.Bestregards.Yourssincerely，LiMing真题的类别就这么多，但是模拟题又多列举了一些：模拟题出现了一些图画题：这些都是考研题1、Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionabout“AgainstaRobbery”basedonthefollowingpicture.YouaregiventhefirstsentenceinEnglishandarerequiredtodevelopitintoafullcompositioninnolessthan150words,notincludingthewordsgiven.1.Onyesterdayafternoon,Mrs.Luolefthometogoshopping.2.Intheflatopposite,awomanheardthenoiseoutside.3.Thetwocriminalswerearrested.

48AgainstaRobberyYesterdayafternoon，Mrs.Luolefthomeforshopping.Halfwaydownthestairs,shefoundherwayblockedbytwomenarmedwithknives.Theythreatenedher,sayingthattheywouldstabherifshemadeanynoise.Then,theyforcedhertotakethemtoherflatandopenthedoor.ItseemedthatMrs.Luowasbeinabigtroubleandwasboundtolosemoneyorlife.Intheflatopposite,awomanheardthenoiseoutside.Whenshelookedoutthroughthewindow,shediscoveredthatherneighborwasthreatenedbysomeone.Sheimmediatelycalledthepolice.Inanswertothecall,apatrolpolicecararrivedatthesceneofthecrimequickly.Threepolicemenwentinsidetheflat,othersguardedoutsidethebuildingtopreventanyonefromescaping.Thetwocriminalswerearrestedandtakentothepolicestationwiththeirwristshandcuffed.Theretheywouldbequestionedandprobablychargedwithrobbery.2、Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1.describethedrawing,2.interpretitsmeaning,and3.giveyourcommentonit.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.养老问题：

49OnSupportingtheOldThisisanordinarybutmeaningfuldrawing.Aswecanseeinit,apooroldmaninshabbyclothescurlsintoaball.Aroundhimarehisthreesonsandadaughter,eachofwhomiskeepinggoalandreadytokicktheoldfatherawayfromhimselforherself.第二段写法一：Simpleasthedrawingis,themessageitconveysisprofoundandfar-reaching.Asacivilizednationboastingahistoryof5,000years,Chinesehavebeenknownfortheirmanyvirtues,oneofwhichisrespectingandlovingtheold.Yetinmodernsociety,manypeopleseemtohavebeendeprivedofthisvirtue.Theylaymoreemphasisonpursuingtheirownhappiness,ignoringtheirparents’benefitstoagreatextent.第二段写法二：Simpleasthedrawingis,themessageitconveysisprofoundandfar-reaching.Nowadays,manypeopleill-treattheiragedparentsorrefusetosupportthem.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Othersmaysupporttheirparentsfinancially,butturnablindeyetotheiremotionalneeds.Theyeitherleavetheirparentsinlonelinesswithoutpayingvisitstothemfrequently,orstopthewidowedonesgettingremarried.第二段写法三：Simpleasthedrawingis,themessageitconveysisprofoundandfar-reaching.Nowadays,manypeopleill-treattheiragedparentsorrefusetosupportthem.Anumberoffactorsmayaccountforsuchphenomena.Onemayattributesuchphenomenatothefastpaceofmodernlifeandincreasingpressureonworkingyoungpeople,butitissurelynotthemajorreason.Afundamentalcause,Ibelieve,isalackofeducationregardingrespectingandlovingtheold.第二段写法四：Simpleasthedrawingis,themessageitconveysisprofoundandfar-reaching.Nowadays,manypeopleill-treattheiragedparentsorrefusetosupportthem.Thishasresultedinthemiserablelifeofanumberofseniorcitizens.Shouldthistrendcontinue,thissocietywouldberuinedmorally.Besides,thewrong-doerswillonedayreapwhattheyhavesownandbemaltreatedbytheiroff-spring.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Inthefirstplace,itisimperativethatpertinentlawsshouldbeworkedoutandrigidlyenforcedtoprotecttheinterestofseniorcitizens.Inthesecondplace,adeep-going,widespreadandever-lastingcampaignshouldbelaunchedtoenhancepeople’sawarenessoflovingandrespectingtheirparents.Anyway,onlywithharmoniousfamiliescanweachieveharmonyamongtheentiresociety.3、Directions:Writeanessayofatleast150wordsbasedonthedrawinggivenbelow.Inyouressay,youshould1.describethedrawingbriefly;2.explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3.supportyourviewwithanexample/examples人要有自信：Confidence:KeytoSuccess

50Thisisanordinarybutmeaningfulpicture.Aswecanseeinit,onepersonisgoingtoshootandtheotheriskeepinggoal.Whiletheformerisimaginingthelattertobemuchstrongerthanhelooks,thelatterispicturinghimselfasbeingalotweakerthanheactuallyis.Simpleasthedrawingis,themessageitconveysisprofoundandfar-reaching.Itinformsusthatweshouldbeconfidentinourselvesandshouldnotexaggeratethedifficultywearefacedwith.Confidentinourselves,weshallovercomealmostallhardships;otherwise,weshallbedefeatedbyunworthyenemies.Actually,historyaboundswithexamplesforthistheory.ThevictoryofthePeople’sLiberationArmyovertheKuomintangtroopsisacaseinpoint.Thoughthelatterwerearmedtoteeth,theywerefarfromformidable.Withconfidenceinthemselves,thePLAfinallywonthewar.Tosumup,thispictureisindeedinstructive.Actually,confidenceisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlives.Thoughweareconfrontedwithcompetitionsofvariousforms,wecanbethewinneraslongasweknowourcapacityandfaceouropponentsastheyare.（八）读后感型1．Directions:ReadthestoryinChinesebelow,andthenwriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof“TheGoalofLife”.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthestoryandthefollowingoutline.1.Whathaveyoulearnedfromthestory?2.Whatisthegoalofyourlife?Ifyouhaveachievedthegoalofyourlife,whatwouldyoudo?目标在英国有一位残疾青年，他双腿走起路来很困难，却凭着坚强的信念和毅力创造了一次又一次的壮举：他19岁时登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；21岁时登上了阿尔卑斯山；22岁时登上了乞力马扎罗山，28岁前他登上了世界上所有著名的高山。然而，就在28岁这一年他自杀了。原来在他11岁时，他父母在攀登乞力马扎罗山时不幸遭遇雪崩双双遇难。他的父母临行前给他留下了遗嘱，希望他能象父母一样，登上世界上所有著名的高山。这位残疾青年把父母的遗嘱作为他人生奋斗的目标，当实现全部目标的时候，他感到前所未有的无奈和绝望。他留下遗言：“如今，功成名就的我感到无事可做了，我没有了新的目标……”

51TheGoalofLifeAstorygoesthatadisabledyoungmanmanagedtoreachthepeakofeveryfamoushighmountainintheworldbeforehewas28.Hedidallthisjustashisparentstoldhimtodointheirwill.Buttheyoungmancommittedsuicideintheendandhislastwordswere:“nowIhavenothingtodowithallmygoalsachievedandmyfamewellestablished.Ihavenonewgoals.”Thisstorymightnotbetrue,butitconveysprofoundmessages.First,oneshouldhaveagrandidealandassociateitwiththeneedsofsociety.Secondly,oneshouldhavehisownpursuitsandshouldnotfollowothersblindly.Thestoryisespeciallyinstructivewhenwethinkofsimilarhappeningsaroundus.Somepeople,aftermakingafortune,feelemptyanddesperate,resortingtodrugsorotherlowstyleoflife.Stillmoreyoungpeopledothesamebecausetheyareinlackofloftyidealsandareonlydriftingwiththetide.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldliketodevotemyselftoanycausethatisbeneficialtomankind.Myshort-termgoalistolearnaboutenvironmentalprotectionandfindajobinthisfield.AndIbelievethisisameaningfulandusefulcareer.Itisworthmylife-longefforts.Iwillkeepfindingandattainingnewgoalsinthisfield.2．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan120wordsunderthetitleof"Whatwillmoneybringus,fortuneormisfortune?"YourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingstorygiveninChinese.Giveatleasttworeasonstosupportyourchoice.夺命之物一栋住宅楼发生了大火，一个中年男子在大火中丧生。奇怪的是，他5岁的儿子明明却逃了出来。有人问明明：“你是怎么逃出来的?”明明说：“我拿了一块湿毛巾捂住鼻子，贴在地上爬……”，这是科学有效的逃生方法。人们不解：“你爸爸不会这么做吗?”明明说：“会，是爸爸教我这么做的。爸爸和我一起爬到了门口，他说忘了一件东西，就又爬回去了。”参加救火的消防员说，他们发现那具男尸时，他的手里紧紧地攥着一沓百元大钞。于是，人们明白了：有一种东西杀人夺命，比大火还厉害。(摘自《深圳青年》第3期上半月刊，作者廖钧)WhatWillMoneyBringUs,FortuneorMisfortune?Astorygoesthatonceanapartmentbuildingcaughtfire.Amongthesurvivorswasaboyoffive,whocrawledoutofthebuildingbyhimselfwithawettowelcoveringhisnose.Buthisfather,whotaughttheboytheway,gotkilled,forhewentbackagainforhismoney.Simpleasthestoryis,itconveysaprofoundmessage:moneycanbemoredeadlythanfire.Actually,thereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbeenacontroversialtopic“whatwillmoneybringus,fortuneormisfortune?”Quiteafewpeoplewouldchoosetheformerinstantly,fortheybelievethatmoneycanbuythemalsoeverything.Thereare,ofcourse,peoplewhohatemoneyandbelieveitisthesourceofmisfortune.

52AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkthatmoneyitselfcannotbringusfortuneormisfortune,butourattitudestowardsitcan.Bethemasterofmoneyandyouwilldriveittoworkforyou,tobuyyounecessitiesandtoenjoyyourlife.However,ifyoutakeyourselfaslaveofmoney,youwillsurelyfallintothepitofmisfortuneoneday.Youwillbetemptedbymoneyandloseyourcompassoflife.Youwillevenloseyourlife,asthefatherinthestorydid.So,friends,wakeupandbethelordofmoney!（九）摘要型摘要型写作步骤：1）阅读划线（去除原文段落中举例、详述、复述、反述、铺垫、引申以及交代条件、背景、原因、让步等与主题不直接相关的语句，或去除长句中不重要的修饰语，如某些定语、状语、补语、同位语）2）核对确定（将划线部分的总字数与要求字数核对，一般正负不要超过20个词；如字数过多，则进一步削减）3）整合转换（将保留的部分进行整理组合。有些句子需要重组，有些句子之间应加上关联词。如原文为一段至五段，则可保留其结构；如原文超过五段，则有些段落需要合并，一般可以合成三段，也可只写成一段。用词造句尽量转换成自己的话）1．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestoreadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesuccessorfailureofacompanyabroaddependsonhoweffectivelyitsemployeescanexercisetheirskillsinanewlocation.Thatabilitywilldependonboththeirjob-relatedexpertiseandtheindividual’ssensitivityandresponsivenesstothenewculturalenvironment.Oneofthemostcommonfactorscontributingtofailureininternationalbusinessassignmentsistheerroneousassumptionthatifapersonissuccessfulinthehomeenvironment,heorshewillbeequallysuccessfulinapplyingtechnicalexpertiseinadifferentculture.Researchhasshownthatfailuresintheoverseasbusinesssettingmostfrequentlyresultfromaninabilitytounderstandandadapttoforeignwaysofthinkingandactingratherthanfromtechnicalorprofessionalincompetence.AthomeU.S.businesspeopleequipthemselveswithvastamountofknowledgeoftheiremployees,customers,andbusinesspartners.Marketresearchprovidesdetailedinformationonvalues,attitudes,andbuyingpreferencesofU.S,consumers;middle-andupper-levelmanagersarewellversedintheintricaciesoftheirorganization’sculture;andlabornegotiatorsmustbehighlysensitivetowhatmotivatesthoseontheothersideofthetable.YetwhenNorthAmericansturntotheinternationalarena,theyfrequentlyarewillingtodealwithcustomers,employees,andfellowworkerswithalackofinformationthatathomewouldbeunimaginable.TheliteratureoninternationalbusinessisfilledwithexamplesofbusinessmiscueswhenU.S.corporationsattemptedtooperateinaninternationalcontext.Somearemildlyamusing.Othersaredownrightembarrassing.Allofthem,toonedegreeoranother,havebeencostlyintermsofmoney,reputation,orboth.Forexample,whenAmericanfirmstrytomarkettheirproductsinothercountries,theyoftenassumethatifamarketingstrategyorsloganiseffectiveinCleveland,itwillbeequallyeffectiveinotherpartsoftheworld.Butproblemsarisewhenculturalcontextchanges.

53Justasinattentiontotheculturalcontextcanresultinsomecostlyblundersinmarketingandmanagement,italsocanaffectseriouslythesuccessofinternationalbusinessnegotiations.Time,effort,reputation,andevencontractscanbelostbecauseofculturalignorance.Theworldischangingfasterthanmostofuscancalculate,andifAmericanbusinesspersonsaretomeetthechallengesofanincreasinglyinterdependentworld,theywillneedtodevelopabetterunderstandingofhowculturalvariablesinfluenceinternationalbusinessenterprises.Ahealthydialoguebetweenculturesandmembersoftheinternationalbusinesscommunitywillbeanimportantstepinachievingthatneededunderstanding.答案：Whetheracompanyabroadsucceedsornotrestsonhoweffectivelyitsemployeescanexercisetheirskillsinanewlocation.Accordingtoresearch,failuresintheoverseasbusinesssettingmostfrequentlyresultfromaninabilitytounderstandandadapttoforeignwaysofthinkingandactingratherthanfromtechnicalorprofessionalincompetence.TherearenumerousexamplesofbusinessmiscueswhenU.S.corporationsattemptedtooperateinaninternationalenvironment.Allofthemhavebeencostlyinternsofmoney,reputation,orboth.Aninattentiontotheculturalcontextcanalsoaffectseriouslythesuccessofinternationalbusinessnegotiations.Therefore,ahealthydialoguebetweenculturesandmembersoftheinternationalbusinesscommunityisessentialtoachieveabetterunderstandingofhowculturalvariablesinfluenceinternationalbusinessenterprises.2．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestoreadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Worldpopulationisexpandingatarateneverbeforeremotelyapproachedinthewholecourseofhistory:anetgainof2percentperannum,sothatthe6,000,000,000peopleontheearthtodaywillpresentanother65,000,000mouthstobefedbythistimenextyear.Itisafearsomethoughtthatthistimetomorrowtherewillbeaddedtoworldpopulationsome180,000persons,oranumberequaltothetotalpopulationofacitylikeAberdeen,SwanseaorSunderland.Basicallytheincreasingrateofworldpopulationgrowthistheresultofrecentadvancesinmedicalscienceandskill.Theknowledgeandpracticeofwhathasbeencalleddeathcontrolhaveovertakentheknowledgeandpracticeofbirthcontrol.Mainlyoverthepasthalfcentury,wherevermodernmedicineandhealthserviceshavepenetratedinfantmortalityandmaternalmortalityhavebeenreducedtoasmallfractionoftheoldfigures;theoldkillingdiseasessuchassmallpox,diphtheria,tuberculosis,yellowfever,choleraandplague,havebeensofarbroughtundercontrolastohavelosttheirterror;thelifecyclesofdiseaseorganismscausingsuchdiseasesasmalariaareknown,andcompleteeradicationdependssolelyonintensificationofremovalmeasures;powerfulnewdrugsareathandtocontrolthreatenedepidemicswhichmightpreviouslyhavedecimatedwholepopulations.Asaresult,expectationoflifeatbirthhasbeendoubledinmanycountries.InmostpartsoftheworldadequatelyservedbyWesternmedicineababyboyatbirthmayexpecttolivenearly70years,ababygirlacoupleofyearslonger.Bywayofcontrast,overthesameperiodcrudebirth-rateshaveundergonerelativelylittlechange.Inonlyaveryfewcountriesarethe

54resultsofpositivefamilyplanningobvious--themostnotableexceptionbeingland-hungryJapanwheretherehasbeenadrasticreductioninthebirth-rate.Increasingpopu1ationisvirtuallyuniversal.Theformerbeliefthatthemoreadvancedcountrieswerereachingapeakasthedesireformaterialcomfortscompetedwiththedesireforafamilywasshatteredbythepost-warfigures,fortheotherendofthescale,thehighestratesofincreaseareinthedevelopingcountries,suchasthoseofAfricaandLatinAmerica,whereimprovedmedicalserviceshavetheirgreatestimpact.答案：Worldpopulationisgrowingatanunprecedentedandalarmingrate:anannualnetgainof2percent.Itisbasicallyduetorecentadvancesinmedicalscienceandskill.Theknowledgeandpracticeofdeathcontrolhavesurpassedthatofbirthcontrol.Mainlyoverthepast50years,infantmortalityandmaternalmortalityhavebeenreduceddramaticallyandtheoldkillingdiseaseshavebeenbroughtundercontrol.Asaresult,expectationoflifeatbirthhasbeendoubledinmanycountries.Bycontrast,therehasbeenrelativelylittlechangewithcrudebirth-ratesoverthesameperiod.Increasingpopu1ationisactuallyuniversal:thehighestratesofincreaseareinthedevelopingcountries,butpopulationinthemoreadvancedcountrieshasalsobeenexpanding.模板的使用方式：模版是一种工具1.手中无剑，心中也无剑2.手中有剑，心中无剑3.手中心中都有剑4.手中无剑，心中有剑5.手中无剑，心中也无剑讲义补充：六级写作真题题型分类（一）对立观点型2010年12月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewonUniversityRanking.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前高校排名相当盛行2.对这种做法人们看法不一3.我认为……2009年6月Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutline

55givenbelow.1.有人说名字（或名称）很重要2.也有人觉得名字（或名称）无关紧要3.我认为……2007年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人认为有做好事应该有回报。 2.另一些人认为应该像雷锋那样，做好事不计回报。 3.我的看法2000年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?TheFirstsentencehasalreadybeenwrittenforyou.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是...... 2.也有人持不同意见，...... 3.我的看法和打算1999年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人认为读书要有选择2.有些人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法1998年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDo“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运2.我认为数字和运气无关......1997年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonJob-Hopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为...... 2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为...... 3.我的看法1996年1月

56Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:WhyITakeCollegeEnglishTestBand6.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.有些人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试 2.我参加CET-6考试的理由（六）图表图画型 2006年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledTravelingAbroad.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbasedonthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:NumberofpeopleinCityXtravelingabroadin1995,2000and20051.近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游2.出现这一现象的原因3．这种现象可能产生的影响2003年9月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledReadingPreferences.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:ReadingpreferencesofstudentsinanAmericanuniversityin2002CategoriesofbooksPercentageofbookcirculationinthelibraryPopularFiction65.9%GeneralNonfiction18.2%Science/Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature/Poetry5.1%1．根据上表，简要叙述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况；2．你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论3．你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由。

572003年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChangesintheOwnershipofHousesinChina.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthegraphandoutlinebelow.1.Describethechangesasindicatedbythegraph2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges2002年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow: Hours/weekAveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweek1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2.

58请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。1996年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegraphsbelow.HealthGainsinDevelopingCountriesLifeExpectancyInfantMortality（七）应用写作型 2005年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealettertoacompanydecliningajoboffer.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.对公司提供职位表示感谢2.解释为何不能接受所提供的职位3.希望予以谅解，并表示对公司的良好祝愿2005年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteanopenletteronbehalfoftheStudentUnionaskingpeopletogivehelptoastudentwhoisseriouslyill.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况2．目前的困难：无法承担医疗费用，需要护理3．希望捐助；联系方式2004年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealettertotheeditorofanewspapercomplainingaboutthepoorserviceofabookstore.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:设想你买了一本英文字典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包含以下内容：1．事情的起因

591．与书店交涉的经过2．呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量2002年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。2001年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringaweeklongholiday.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.1.表示欢迎2.提出对度假安排的建议3.提醒应注意的事项（八）其他类型2000年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……真题范文答案：1.MyViewonUniversityRankingThereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbecomeaprevailingtrendforsomeindividualsororganizationstorankuniversities.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoomanytolist.Tothisphenomenonpeople’sattitudesdiffersharply.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatrankinguniversitiescanhelphighschoolgraduatesortheirparentstomakeasoundchoicewhenenrollinginauniversityorcollege.Besides,thispracticecanhelppromotethelevelofhighereducationasawholeinthatmanyuniversitieswillexerteffortstoelevatetheirposition.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theypointoutthattheresultofrankingisnotalwayscredible,formanyindividualsorinstitutionsdoitmerelyforthepurposeofcolletingmoney.Furthermore,someuniversitiesoveremphasizetheresultofrankingandwastelargeamountsofresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,itmustbeadmittedthatrankingisaneffectivemeanstoencourageuniversitiesorcollegestocompetewitheachother

60andimprovetheirwork.Ontheotherhand,itshouldnotbeconductedorusedinthewrongway.3.OntheImportanceofaNameThereisnodenyingthefactthatitisacontroversialtopicwhethernamesareimportantornot.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatagoodname,oranamethatcanbeeasilyremembered,canbringonealotmoreopportunitiesthanothers.SomeChinesemayalsobelievethatanamedesignedaccordingtothetraditionaltheoryoffiveelementscanbringgoodluck.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theyarguethatanameisnothingbutacodetodistinguishonefromanother.Apersonwitha“good”namemaynotbeassuccessfulasthenameindicates.Inthesameway,apersonwhohasacommonorcasuallygivennamecanalsoachievetremendoussuccess.Personally,Ibelievethatbothsideshavesomethingright,soweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,wehavetoadmitthatawelldesignednamecanhelpapersontosomeextent.Ontheotherhand,weshouldnotexaggeratetheeffectofanameonaperson’sfate.Anyway,aperson’ssuccessmainlydependsonhishardworkanddesirablepersonalities.4.WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?Thereisnodenyingthefactthate-bookshavegainedincreasingpopularityinthepastyearsalongwiththedevelopmentofinformationtechnology.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Actually,modernreadersseemtospendmoretimeone-booksthanontraditionalones.Asaconsequence,ithasemergedasahotlydebatedtopicwhethere-bookswilltaketheplaceoftraditionalbooksinthefuture.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatitisnaturalforbookstobecomeelectronicasmankindstepsintoadigitalage.Comparedwithtraditionalbooks,e-bookshavesomeobviousadvantages.Foronething,itisconvenienttoreadonlineasmodernpeoplehaveeasyaccesstotheInternet.Foranother,readinge-bookssavesmoney.Personally,Ibelievethate-bookscannotreplacealltraditionalbooks.First,youcanmarkatraditionalbookandwriteyourcommentsinthemarginbutyoucanhardlydothatone-books.Secondly,tomanypeople,onlythesmellofprintandthefeelofpapercanprovidethetruesenseofreadingandlearning.Therefore,inmyopinion,traditionalbookswillstillexistinthefuture.5.ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Thereisnodenyingthefactthatitisacontroversialtopicwhetheroneshouldexpectarewardwhendoingagooddeed.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatitisanaturalthingforonetogetrewardedafterhehasmadecontributionstothesociety,especiallyinanageofmarketeconomy.Otherwise,peoplewouldbediscouragedfromhelpingothers.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.TheymaintainthatoneshouldlearnfromLeiFengandexpectnorewardwhenhelpingothers.Anyway,everythingisnotacommodity.Thewholesocietywouldbeindangerifweallcalculatedconscienceandaffectionintermsofmoney.Anyway,asthesayinggoes,itislove,insteadofmoney,thatturnstheworldaround.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshould

61recognizeandrewardintimepeoplewhohavedoneagooddeedorgooddeeds;ontheotherhand,weshouldkeepitinmindthatwedonothelpothersformoney,butoutofloveandresponsibility.Onlyinthiswaycanweachieveareallyharmonioussociety.6.IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentofCollegeEnglishTest(CET).SomepeoplearguethatitisabsolutelynecessarytoholdatestofspokenEnglishinChinabecausewehavebeeninformedfrequentlythataChinesestudentwhohasbeenlearningEnglishforovertenyearscannotevencommunicatewithanativespeaker.AtestofspokenEnglishwillbringthecollegestudentsanawarenessoftheimportanceoforalEnglish,andwillthushelpthemwiththeircommunicatingskills.Ontheotherhand,someothersstillmaintainthatagoodcommandofreadingandwritingskillswillbeenoughfortheEnglishlearners.Tosomeextenttheiropinionderivesfromthefactthatstudentsarealreadyunderconsiderablepressurefromtheircoursework.Anotherrequiredtestwillonlyaddtotheirburden.Inmyopinion,atestofspokenEnglishwilldomoregoodthanharm.SinceChinawillcontinueitspolicyofopeningandreform,theabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforanyonewhowantstosurpassothersinahighlycompetitivesociety.WhetherItakethetestornot,IshallsparenoeffortstopracticeoralEnglishintheremainingyearsofmycollegestudy.7.ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?Whenitcomestotheproperwaytoread,opinionsdifferfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn'treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.Butothersmaynotagree.Theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledgehe'llhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.Who'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.8.Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?Therearepeoplewhobelievethatsomenumbersbringgoodluck,whileothersbringbadluck.Forinstance,inChinathenumbereightisthoughttobelucky.TurningourattentiontotheWest,wefindthatthenumbersevenisconsideredlucky,butthenumber13isavoidedliketheplague.Inspiteofalltheseclaims,mostpeoplewouldagreethatthereislittleevidencethatnumbershaveanyinfluenceonourlives.Infact,theysay,thereverseseemstobethecase.Foronething,wemightexpectcalculatorstobreakdowneverytimetheynotethenumber13,andforanother,althougheveryweekhassevendaysweknowthatnoteveryweekisluckyforus.Weighingtheprosandconsofthesearguments,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththelatterpointof

62view.Itisobviousthatthereisnoscientificbasisforthebeliefthatthereisaconnectionbetweenluckandnumbers.Allinall,itseemstometobesuperstition.9.MyViewonJob-HoppingJob-hopping,orfrequentchangeofjobs,isbecomingincreasinglycommoninChinatoday.Astheeconomygrows,moreopportunitiesforemploymentareappearingthanbefore.Theresultisthatpeople,especiallyyoungpeople,aretemptedtochangejobsfrequently,seekinghighersalariesormoreinterestingpositions.Nevertheless,manypeopleprefertostayintheiroldjobs.Thisispartlybecausetheyfeelloyaltotheirworkunits,andpartlybecausetheydisliketheideaofhavingtospendmuchtimetrainingforanewjob.Inaddition,althoughanewjobmayofferhigherpayormoreopportunitiesforpromotion,itmaybelocatedfarfromhomeandbeinconvenienttoreach.Ithinkitisagoodthingfortheworkforcetobeflexible,sothatnewdemandsforpersonnelcanbesatisfiedquickly.However,ifapersonchangesjobstoooften,heorshewillcauselossestotheemployingunits.Moreover,frequentjob-hoppingpreventsapersonfromgainingvaluablejobexperienceanddevelopinggoodworkhabits.10．WhyITakeCollegeEnglishTestBand6(a)SomepeopleconsiderthatitisunnecessarytotakeCollegeEnglishTestBand6(CET-6).OnereasontheyciteisthatmostschoolssetCET-4asthemainrequirement.AnotherreasonisthattheythinkthatCET-6issimplytoodifficultforthem.I,however,havedecidedtoacceptthechallengeofCET-6.ThepreparationforthistestwillforcemetoraisethelevelofmyEnglishability.Besides,IregardCET-6asastepping-stonetofurtherqualificationsinEnglishwhichwillhelpmeinmyfuturecareer.Allinall,takingCET-6isadvantageousforbothastudent’sstudiesandhispersonaldevelopment.ThefirstadvantageisthathewillimprovehisEnglishskillsinanall-roundway.ThesecondisthathewillstrengthenhischaracterbycontinuinghisEnglishstudieswhenotherpeoplehavebeenlazyandstopped.(b)WhenitcomestoCollegeEnglishTestBand6(CET-6),opinionsdifferfrompersontoperson.Someholdthepositiveview.TheybelievethattakingCET-6isadvantageousforbothastudent’sstudiesandhispersonaldevelopment.ThefirstadvantageisthathewillimprovehisEnglishskillsinanall-roundway.ThesecondisthathewillstrengthenhischaracterbycontinuinghisEnglishstudieswhenotherpeoplehavebeenlazyandstopped.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.TheymaintainthatitisunnecessarytotakeCollegeEnglishTestBand6(CET-6).OnereasontheyciteisthatmostschoolssetCET-4asthemainrequirement.AnotherreasonisthattheythinkthatCET-6issimplytoodifficultforthem.Personally,IhavedecidedtoacceptthechallengeofCET-6.ThepreparationforthistestwillforcemetoraisethelevelofmyEnglishability.Besides,IregardCET-6asastepping-stonetofurtherqualificationsinEnglishwhichwillhelpmeinmyfuturecareer.11.ShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?

63(a)Somepeoplethinkthatsettingofffirecrackersisagoodthing.TheysaythatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoclaimthatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhosaythatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Theyalsosaythatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.Myownpointofviewisthatweshouldpreservetheoldcustomoflettingofffirecrackers,whileatthesametimemakingthemharmless.Wecandothisbybanningfirecrackersfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,weshouldrestrictthesettingoffoffirecrackerstofestivaldays.(b)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatsettingofffirecrackershasbeenahotlydebatedtopicinChina.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.TheysaythatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoclaimthatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomedullandcheerless.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfires,whichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshouldpreservetheoldcustomoflettingofffirecrackers;ontheotherhand,weshouldmakeitharmless.Thiscanbedonebybanningfirecrackersfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,thesettingoffoffirecrackersshouldberestrictedtofestivaldays.(c)Therehasbeenmuchcontroversyoversettingofffirecrackersinthepastyears,witheachpartyowningconvincingevidences.ThosewhoareinfavorofsettingofffirecrackersclaimthatitisanancientChinesecustomthatshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomecoldandcheerless.Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhoareoftheopinionthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Besides,theymaintainthatfirecrackersleadtoawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ithinkthatbothsideshavesomethingright.Actually,firecrackersshouldbeviewedasatwo-edgedsword,whichpresentsuswithbothbenefitsandtroubles.Butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Thebestpolicy,asIseeit,istomaximizetheiradvantagesandminimizetheirunhealthyinfluence,sothattheycanbenefitusinabetterway.1.TravelingAbroadItcanbeseenfromthechartthattherehavebeensharpincreasesinthenumberofpeople

64travelingabroadinCityXinthepastdecade.Asthechartshows,theyear1995witnessedonlyabout10,000peoplefromthiscitytouringabroad.In2000,thenumbersoaredtonearly40,000.Lastyear,morethan120,000peopleinthecitychosetospendtheirvacationsoutsideChina.Anumberoffactorsaccountforthechangeinthechart,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,thankstothepolicyofreformandopening-up,thenation’seconomyhasbeendevelopingataconsiderablyhighspeedinthepastdecades.Therefore,thepeoplehavemoreextramoneyfortraveling.Secondly,otherrelevantstatepoliciesandtheboomoftouringindustryprovidecitizenswithmoreopportunitiestogooutandseetheworld.Lastbutnotleast,peoplehaveattachedgreaterimportancetothequalityoflife,thustheyspendmoremoneyandtimetravelingandsight-seeing.Inaword,thischartisaperfectindicatorofChina’sfastexpandingeconomyandpeople’srisingstandardoflife.Thetrendoftravelingabroadwillfurtherstimulatethedevelopmentofoureconomyandbroadenpeople’shorizons.2.ReadingPreferencesItcanbeseenfromthetablethatpopularfictionismostpopularwithAmericanstudents,accountingfor65.9%ofbookcirculationinthelibrary.Generalnonfictioncomesnext,makingup18.2%,whilebooksconcerningscience,technologyandeducationcomposeonly10.8%.Theleastpreferredcategoryisthatofart,literatureandpoetry,withacirculationrateofmerely5.1%.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthereadingpreferences,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.Firstly,popularfictionisfascinatingtotheyoungstudents.Secondly,booksaboutscienceandtechnologyareusuallytoocomplexanddifficulttoread.Theyoftencontainmanyspecialtermswhichmoststudentscan’tunderstand.Finally,intoday’smarketeconomy,muchmoreemphasisislaidonpracticalandvocationalbooksratherthanartsorpoetry.Whenitcomestome,poetryandartaremyfavorites.Suchkindofbookscannourishmymind,broadenmyhorizonsandrendermeafreshfeeling.Readingapieceofgoodpoetrytendstorelievemyburdenandlessenmytension,makingmemorecreativeanddynamic.Itgetsmeintoanimaginaryworld,freshandbeautiful.Ijustloveit!3.ChangesintheOwnershipofHousesinChinaItcanbeseenfromthechartthattherehavebeendramaticchangesintheownershipofhousesinChinainthepast50years.Whilethepercentageofstate-ownedhouseshasdroppedfrom70%in1950’sto20%in1990’s,thatofprivatehouseshassoaredfrom30%to80%duringthesameperiodoftime.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthechangeinthechart,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,thankstothepolicyofreformandopening-up,thenation’seconomyhasbeendevelopingataconsiderablyhighspeedinthepastdecades.Therefore,peoplehavemoreextramoneytoimprovetheirhousing.Secondly,otherrelevantstatepoliciesandtheboomofrealestateindustryprovidecitizenswithmoreopportunitiestochoosetheirowndwellingplaces.Lastbutnotleast,peoplehaveattachedgreaterimportancetotheirqualityoflife.Thusmoreofthemhavepurchasedhousesintheirownfavor.Inaword,thischartisaperfectindexofChina’sfastexpandingeconomyandpeople’srisingstandardofliving.Althoughaseriesofproblemshavearisenintheprocess,itisreasonableforustobelievethattheycanbesolvedinthenearfuturewitheffectivemeasurestakenbyboththe

65governmentandthepublic.4.StudentUseofComputerStudentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorefrequentlynowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.Obviouslycomputersarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthischange.First,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.However,therestillexistsomeproblems,suchaspoorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyingisalsoaseriousproblem.Anyhow,wewillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.5.HealthGainsinDevelopingCountriesItcanbeseenfromthechartsthattherehavebeendramaticchangesinlifeexpectancyandinfantmortalityindevelopingcountriesinthepastdecades.Asthechartshows,people’slifeexpectancysoaredfrom40yearsoldto60yearsoldfrom1960to1990.Meanwhile,infantmortalitydeclinedfrom200to150deathsperthousandbirths.Thechangesinthechartsmaybeattributedtoanumberoffactors,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,developingcountries’economyhasbeendevelopingataconsiderablyhighspeedinthepastdecades.Therefore,peoplehavemoreextramoneytoimprovetheirhealth.Secondly,theadvancesinmedicalsciencesandboomofmedicalindustryprovidecitizenswithmoreopportunitiestocuretheirdiseases.Lastbutnotleast,peoplehaveattachedgreaterimportancetotheirqualityoflife,thustheyhavespentmoremoneyandtimetobuilduptheirbodies.Inaword,thesechartsareperfectindexesofdevelopingnations’fastexpandingeconomyandpeople’srisingstandardoflife.Althoughaseriesofproblemshavearisenintheprocess,itisreasonableforustobelievetelopingcountrieshierlives.Theresultofthiswillbehappierandmoreproductivepopulations.)1.ALetterDecliningaJobOfferDecember24,2005DearSirorMadam:IamrespondingtoyourjobofferonDecember20,2005.IwasinformedthatIwouldbeofferedthepositionasaninterpreterforyourcompany.IcordiallyappreciateyourtrustandIammuchobligedtoyouforprovidingmewiththisvaluableopportunity.However,IhavetotellyouthatIcannotacceptit.ThemajorreasonisthatIdon’tthinkIamthemostappropriatecandidateforthispost.Asanon-Englishmajor,thoughmywrittenandspokenEnglishareoutstandingthanmostofmypeers,Iamnotwelltrainedintranslation,nottomentioninterpretation,which,Ibelieveishighlydemanding.Maybemyperformanceintheoralexaminationhasmisledyou.Actually,Iammoreinterestedandmorecompetentinmyownmajor,

66thatis,programdesigning.Lastbutnotleast,Ihappenedtohavebeenofferedsuchapositionwithanothercompany.Nonetheless,I,again,wanttoexpressmysinceregratefulnessandIearnestlyapologizeforanyinconvenienceherebycaused.Finally,Ihopeyoucanfindtheidealcandidateassoonaspossible.Bestregards.YourssincerelyLiMing2.YourHelpNeededDearfriends,Iamwritingtoyou,onbehalfoftheStudentUnion,toaskforyourhelpforLiMing,aschoolmateofoursfromtheDepartmentofComputerScience.Heisseriouslyillnowandhastohaveahearttransplantatonce.Tomakethingsworse,hecomesfromthewestofourcountryandhisfamilyisquitepoor.LiMingisnowconfrontedwiththefollowingdifficulties.Tobeginwith,hecan’taffordthemedicalexpenses.Hisfamilydoesn’thaveagoodfinancialbackground.Moreover,hisparentshavealreadybeendeepindebtinordertosendhimtouniversity.Inaddition,hisfamilyisfarawayandheneedssomeonetotakecareofhimdayandnight.Onlywithintensecarecanourfriendrecoverfromhisdisease.Onnoaccountcanweseeourfriendsufferordie.Heisindesperateneedofyourhelp,especiallyfinancialdonationstohelphimpayforhisexpenses.Let’sallgivehimourhands.Anyonewhowantstoofferhelpcancontactusat88588858oryoucanemailusbylove@sina.com.Pleaseactwithoutdelay.Yourssincerely,ZhangHuaChairmanoftheStudentUnion3.ALettertotheEditorofaNewspaperJune20th,2004DearMr./Ms.Editor,IamastudentfromTsinghuaUniversityandIamwritingtoyouaboutmyexperienceofbuyingadictionaryandmycomplaintabouttheserviceofabookstore.Itwasaboutamonthago.IwenttoabookstorenearbytheuniversitytobuyanEnglishdictionary.ItwasonlyafterIpaidforthedictionaryandreturnedtoschoolthatIfoundsomepagesweremissing.ButwhenIwentbacktothebookstoretotellthemaboutthematter,theysaidthatIshouldhavecheckedthedictionarybeforeIleftthestore.Accordingtothem,itwasmyfaultandtheyholdnoresponsibilityforthewholematter.WhatIwanttosayisthatsincerityandenthusiasmarevitaltothesurvivalofserviceindustriesinsuchamarketeconomyfeaturedbyfiercecompetition.Itwasquiteeasyforthemtochangethedictionaryformebuttheyrefusedtodoso.Theywillloseallcustomersiftheypersistindoingso.Ihopethatthislettercandrawtheattentionofthewholesocietyandthattheproblemcanbesolvedassoonaspossible.

67Bestregards.YourssincerelyLiMing4.ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampusJanuary12th,2002DearMr.President,IamasophomorefromDepartment3andIamwritingtoyouaboutthefoodandserviceinthecanteenoncampus.Tobefrank,Iamratherdisappointedatthefoodquality,priceandserviceinthecanteen.First,thedishesarescarcelywellcookedandmostofthemtastethesame.Secondly,mostofthedishestherearepricedsohighthatsomestudentscannotevenaffordthem.Thirdly,theserviceinthecanteenisfarfromsatisfyingandtheinsideofthecanteenalwaysseemuntidy.Tosolvetheproblem,Isuggestthatanothercanteenbebuiltandamechanismofcompetitionbeintroducedbetweentheoldandthenew.Besides,boththecanteensshouldbesubjecttothestudents'supervision.Diningisaneverydayissueforstudents.Itmayaffecttheiracademicperformance.Therefore,IsincerelyhopethislettercandrawyourattentiontothematterandIhopetheproblemsmentionedabovecanbesolvedassoonaspossible. Bestregards.Yourssincerely LiMing5.June28,2001DearXiaoWang,I’mthrilledtoreceiveyourletteronMay10th,inwhichyousuggestedourspendingaweektogetherhereinBeijing.Idothinkit’safantasticideaandIbelievewe’llhaveagoodtimetogether.Astothearrangementoftheholiday,Isuggestthefollowingactivities.ForthefirstthreedaysIwillshowyouaroundourcampusandsomeplacesofinterestdowntownBeijing,suchastheForbiddenCity,theTempleofHeavenandtheSummerPalace.Forthefollowingtwodays,wewillvisittheGreatWall,theMingTombsandotherhistoricsitesaroundthecity.Inthelasttwodays,wewillbebackinthecityandtoursomefamousbusinessstreets,whereyoucandosomeshopping.Whatdoyousay?ItwillbequitehothereinBeijing,soremembertogetpreparedfortheweather.And,lastbutnotleast,don’tforgettobringyourcamerawithyou,foryouwillfindsomanyscenesworthphotographinghere.Iwillbelongingforyourarrival.Bestwishes.Yourstruly,ZhangYing

68（八）其他类型1.HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Itisundeniablethataninterviewplaysacriticalroleinjob-hunting.Throughtheinterview,anemployercanmeettheirfutureemployeesinpersonandknowthemmorethoroughly.Sometimesthewrittenformofexaminationcannotrevealcandidates'realtalentsorproblems.Besides,itisalsobeneficialforcandidatestotakeaninterview.Theywillhaveachancetomaketheiremployersunderstandthembetter.Anumberoffactorscontributetothesuccessinajobinterview.Personally,Ithinkjob-huntersshouldpayattentiontothefollowingpoints.First,theyshouldbewellpreparedprofessionally.Thatmeanstheyshouldbereadytoansweralltheimportantquestionsconcerningtheirfuturejob.Secondly,theyshouldexpressthemselvesconfidentlyandhonestly.Lastbutnotleast,theyshouldpayenoughattentiontotheirappearances,thatis,theyshouldbeproperlydressed.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwillgetacademicallyreadyfirst,andthenberelaxedtoanswerallthequestions.Iwillalsodressupandbehaveproperly.IdobelievethatsolongasImakegoodpreparations,Iwillperformwellintheinterview.句型写作练习答案：1、并列句1)Itwasacoldsnowydayandhehadnomoneyleftforfood.2)Hurryuporyou’llbelate.3)ItrainedheavilylastnightbutIwenttotheshowanyway.4)Ienjoyclassicalmusic,sodoesshe.5)Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.6)Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven’tenough.7)Sheisfatwhereasherhusbandisthin.8)Shecannotread,neithercanshewrite.2、复合句（1）主语从句1)ItisquiteobviousthattheyneedmorehelpinEnglish.2)Itisgoodnewsthatsheisstillalive.3)Itdoesn’tseemlikelythatshewillcomehere.4)Whatthechildrenlikethebestinthezooarethepandas.5)Whatwearebadlyinneedofisrawmaterial.（2）主语从句1)It’sapitythathedidnotcomeearlier.2)Itisawell-knownfactthatsmokingcancauselungcancer.3)ItistruethatIencouragedhim,butIdidn’tactuallyhelphim.4)Itdidn’tseemlikelythattheywouldeverkeeptheirpromise.5)ItwashardtounderstandwhyProf.HardyhadsingledoutMaryforcriticism.（3）

691)Canyoutellmewhatkindofshowtheyareputtingon?2)I’mwonderingiftheletterisoverweight.3)Iamthinkinghowwecanimproveourstudyhabits.4)WearestilluncertainwhetherHenryistherightpersonforthejob.5)Peterhasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptthathehasaslightheadachesometimes.6)Hesuddenlyrememberedthathehadforgottentotakehisnotebookwithhim.（4）1)IalwaystookitforgrantedthatIwasfarmoreintelligentthanhewas.2)Weallthoughtitapitythatyouwereunabletoattendourmeeting.3)Weconsideritimportantthatyoushouldmindyourmanners.4)Hedidn'twantitknownthathewastooilltogoonworking.5)Iregarditimportantthateveryoneofyoushouldfinishyourhomeworkontime.6)Hetookitforgrantedthathisfatherwouldcometohishelpifhegotintotrouble.7)Wethoughtithighlyprobablethathemightchangehismindatthelastminute.8)Ithinkitlikelythatthetrainwillbedelayedbythedensefog.9)Thedoctorthinksitadvisablethatyoushouldstopsmoking.（5）1)Couldyoushowmewhatyouhavewritten?2)Thisiswhatweshouldalwayskeepinmind.3)WhattheysawinChinamadeadeepimpressiononthem.4)Wemustnotputofftilltomorrowwhatwecandotoday.（6）同位语从句1)Nothingcanhidethefactthatheisgrowingold.2)Thefactthatheworksharddoesnotnecessarilymeanthatheisacompetentleader.3)IhaveacomplacentfeelingthatI’mhighlyintelligent.4)Theexplanationthathedidn’tseethenoticeisunsatisfactory./Theexplanationisunsatisfactorythathedidn’tseethenotice.5)Mostofusdon’tagreewithhisviewthatthereisnoadvantageinintroducingthenewmethod.6)Thenewssoonspreadthroughoutthecountrythathewonthefirstgoldmedalatthe23rdOlympicGames.7)Hissuggestionthatintelligenceisarelativematterisnotuniversallyaccepted./Hissuggestionisnotuniversallyacceptedthatintelligenceisarelativematter.8)Hesecondedmymotionthatthevotebepostponed.9)Thefearthathemightnotbeabletofinishtheworkdisturbedhimgreatly./Thefeardisturbedhimgreatlythathemightnotbeabletofinishthework.10)WeexpressedahopethatMr.andMrs.MorrisonwouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.11)I’vecomefromMr.Linwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.12)TherecanbenodoubtthatSuzyistherightpersonforthejob.定语从句1)IwenttovisittheAmericanauthorwhowroteanumberofbooksaboutChina.2)Iatethesoupmyauntprepared.3)Ihaveanarrangementwithmybank,bywhichtheyletmeusetheirmoneyandrepay

70themnextmonth.1)Hesentheraletter,inwhichhesaidthathewassorryforwhathehaddonetoher.2)Mr.Brown,whojustcamefromBritainyesterday,willteachusaccountingthisterm.3)SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidaysinHainan,whereshehassomerelatives.4)TheUnitedStatesisknownforitssupermarkets,wherehugequantitiesofallkindsoffoodandhouseholdarticlesaresold.5)Thestoryhappenedinlate19thcentury,whenChinaissufferingfromtheinvasionofwesternpowers.状语从句1)Nowthatyou’veboughtanewcar,whatareyougoingtodowiththeoldone?2)We’dbettertakethetelescopewithusincaseitisneeded.3)Wemusthurryoff,lestweshouldmissthebus.4)Theproblemsoverycomplicatedthatittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveit.5)Theaircraftwasflyingatsuchahighaltitudethatwecouldhardlyseeit.6)I’lllendyoumycomputeronconditionthatyoukeepitingoodshape.7)Youcangooutaslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11atnight.8)Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.9)Howeverhardhetried,hecouldnotdothejobsatisfactorily.10)Whetherittakesanhourorevenawholeday,Ishallfindouttheanswer.3．复杂的简单句（1）1)Theylookedbothwaysbeforetheycrossingthestreet.2)ImademydecisionaftertalkingtoSirFrancis.3)Despite/Inspiteofhisillness,hewasdeterminedtocarryouthisplan.4)Despite/Inspiteoftheirintelligence,theyaren’tdoingwellinschool.5)Despite/Inspiteofhisrichness/wealth,heisn’tveryhappy.6)Despite/Inspiteofhisheight,heisn’taverygoodbasketballplayer.7)Withoutyoursupport,wemightsucceedinperformingourtask.8)Evenwithairandwater,plantsstillcouldn’tgrowonthemoon.9)Withouthardwork,youwillaccomplishnothing.10)Butfortheirassistance,hewouldhavefoundhimselfintrouble.1.1)Theywearlayersofclotheseveninsummertime,withnewspapersstuffedbetweenthelayersasfurtherprotectionagainstbadweather.2)Withmorepeoplehelpingthem,theyprobablywillbeabletoaccomplishthetaskaheadoftime.3)Withallhissavingsgone,hestartedtolookforajob.4)Inthecornerthereisatable,withoneofitslegsshorterthantheothers.5)Withthejobfinished,wewenttotheseasideforaholiday.6)Withthepaceofchangequickening,moreandmorescientistsfindithardtokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentsevenintheirowndisciplines.7)Shelookedinmyfacewithtearsstreamingdownhercheeks.2.

711)Shewon’tgohomeuntilafter(taking)theexam.2)Becauseofhisbadleg,hecouldn’twalkasfastastheothers.3)Wearefullyawareoftheseriousnessofthesituation.4)Shehurriedbacktoschoolforfearofmissingtoomanylessons.5)InsteadofcriticizingSusanforwhatshehasdone,weoughttopraiseherforit.6)Insteadofgoingstraighthomeafterschool,Helenwenttoworkasawaitressinarestaurant.7)InsteadofgoingtosendthebooktoAllanbypost,Iamgoingtotakeittohimmyself.8)InsteadofgoingtoNewYorkyesterdaytoattendhisdaughter’swedding,Dr.WilsonflewtoFloridaforanemergencycase.2.1)Iloveintelligentgirls.2)Attheparty,Igottoknowaprofessorinhisthirties.3)Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.4)Thesubstancediscoveredalmostbyaccidenthasrevolutionizedmedicine.5)Amongthosetakingpartinthework,heisprobablythemostactive.3.1)Everyoneofusleftthemeetingconvincedthattheprojectwasfeasible.2)Petergothomefromthethree-month-longjourneytotheAntarctic,lookingtiredout.3)Theywenthuntingforhours,buttheyreturnedempty-handed.4)Heenteredtheoffice,stillannoyedbythewayshespoketohim.5)Pressuredbyschoolworkandencouragedbytheirpeers,teenagersresorttosmoking.6)Primarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess,collegestudentsnowcheatonexamsmorefrequently.4.1)Hesatinfrontofthem,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.2)Sheheardacontinualstrangenoisecomingfromthenextroom,herheartbeatingfast.3)Theoldbeggarsatatthecorner,tearswellingupinhiseyes.4)Jimcontinuedonhisway,thedogjumpingaboutinfrontofhim.5)Thegirlinthesnapshotworeabroadsmile,herlonghairflowinginthebreeze.5.1)ThisisMr.Black,directorofourhospital.2)“Leaveittome,”saidPeter,themanonduty.3)QinghaiLake,thelargestinlandbodyofsaltwaterinChina,lies3195metersabovesealevel.4)Thewholeplanwascompletedwithinthreemonths,halftheusualtime.5)Hereadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.6)Formerlyaworkerhimself,heisnowanengineer.7)Amotherofthreechildren,shehasnowenteredacollegeagainforfurthereducation.（四）倒装句1．1)NeverhaveIbeentoEurope.2)Hardlyhadheeatenanythingwhenthedinnerwasover.3)Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.

721)NosoonerhadAnnearrivedthanshefellill.2)Littledoesshecareaboutwhatotherssayabouther.2．1)RichardcanspeakJapanese.Socanhissister.2)Copperisagoodconductor.Soaremanyothermetals.3)Paulcouldnotdance.Norcouldhesing.4)Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor.Norwasthewife.3．1)Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotgotosleep.2)Soforcefullydidhespeakatthemeetingthateveryonepresentwasconvinced.3)SoharddidheworkthatheobtainedhisPh.D.degreeoneyearaheadofschedule.4．1)Onlyoncedidhisfathercallhisname.2)Onlythendidthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededsurgery.3)Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourpricecanweconcludethebusiness.5．1)Sittinginfrontofthecounterwastheyoungfatherwhowishedtopurchasealifeinsurancepolicyandagreedtopayasumof$200peryearfor40years.2)Moreimportantisthequestionofhowtofacethepossibilitiesofillness,injury,deathandfinancialloss.3)Thewritingofadictionaryinvolvesanumberoftasks.Amongthemarethereadingofliterature,thecopyingofwordsoncards,thesortingofthecardsandthewritingofdefinitions.（五）被动句1)Joe’sfatherwasseentoreturnafterdark.2)Youarenotallowedtosmokeinthelaboratory.3)Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentostopvariousformsofpollution.4)WhenshewasinShanghai,theactresswasheardtosayshehadlongthoughtofthecityashersecondhome.5)Theyoungmanwasseentoenterthebuildingnexttothebank.6)Aftertheministerofeducationhadfinishedspeakingatthepressconference,hewasmadetoanswerallsortsofquestions.7)Idon’tthinkTomcanbemadetodowhathedislikes.8)Thewindwasheardtoroarthroughthetrees.9)Whatshouldbedoneinacaselikethis?（六）强调句1)ItwasJeffersonwhowrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.2)Itiswithgenuinefeelingthattheauthorpraisesallthatisprogressive.3)Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthatwecouldnotcrosstheriver.4)ItwasJim,aheartlessfellow,whowasheardshoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.ItwasnotuntilItoldherthatMrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.

73六级写作模拟题（一）对立观点型1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicKeepingPets.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow: 1.有些人赞成养宠物2.有些人反对养宠物3.你的观点2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonthetopic“MilitaryTraining”andyou’reyourarticleonthefollowingoutline.1.有些人赞成学生参加军训2.有些人反对3.你的观点3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicBuyingLotteryTickets.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:1.有些人赞成买彩票2.有些人反对买彩票3.你的观点4．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonthefollowingtopicandoutline.最近国内有些高校允许在校适龄大学生结婚。对此人们有不同观点.1．有些人对高校允许学生结婚的做法持肯定态度2．另一些人则反对3．我的观点5．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPreferableWork.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人喜欢与人打交道的工作2.有些人喜欢与事物或机器打交道的工作3.你的选择

746．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPart-timeJobsforCollegeStudents.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人反对大学生做兼职工作2.你的看法7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheDevelopmentofPrivateCars.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人赞成发展私人小汽车2．另一些人则反对3.你的看法（二）单一观点型1．Directions:Forthispart,youaretowriteacompositionofatleast150wordsonTheGreatestInventioninthePastCentury.Inyourcomposition,youshouldclearlystateyouropinionandgivereasonstosupportyourarguments.WriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonthetopicShouldStudentsWearSchoolUniforms?Youshouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:1．人们观点不一2．我的观点及理由3．结论3.Directions:Inthispart,youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsabout“CollegeGraduatesWorkasVillageOfficials”.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.PleaseremembertowriteitclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.Somecollegegraduateschoosetoworkasvillageofficials.1.   Doyouthinkitisagoodidea?2.   Whatcantheyofferthecountryside?3.   Whatcantheygainfromtheirvillagepositions?（三）陈述利弊型1．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicScientificDiscovery—CurseorBlessing?.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsand

75youshouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.科学发现为人类带来很多福利。2.科学发现也导致了一些灾难。3.结论。2．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicInternet—ATwo-edgedSword.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.Internet的功绩。2.Internet的弊端。3.结论。3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudyingAbroad:HardshipsandRewards.Youshouldwriteatleast150words:1.出国留学有很多好处2.出国留学也会遇到很多难题3.你的选择4.Direction:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowinginformation.Makecommentsandexpressyourownopinion.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsonAnswerSheet1.手机短信有很多优点，但也有很多弊端，你的看法如何？（四）解决问题型1．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicFoodSafety.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1．食品安全成为我们面临的一个严重问题。2．产生这一问题的原因。3．如何解决这一问题。2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicOnWaterShortage.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow: 1.Watershortageisbecominganurgentproblem2.Possiblesolutions3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic

76Sandstorms.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow: 1.Sandstormsarebecominganurgentproblem2.Possiblesolutions4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCollegeStudents’JobHunting.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1．近年来出现了大学毕业生就业难的问题。2．产生这一问题的原因。3．如何解决这一问题。5．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSolveEnergyCrisis.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.人类面临着能源危机2．如何化解这一危机6．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicFireAccidentsinBigCities.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.大城市火灾有上升的趋势2．造成火灾的原因3．如何防止火灾（五）谚语警句型1．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicWhereThereIsaWill,ThereIsaWay.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.为什么“有志者，事竟成”？。 2.举例说明。2．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPracticeMakesPerfect.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:1.为什么说“熟能生巧”2.例如……3．又例如

77（六）图表图画型1.Directions:Inthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonTheIncreaseintheNumberofStudentsAttendingGraduateEntranceExams.Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow.某大学参加考研的学生人数1.DescribethechangesinthenumberofstudentsattendinggraduateentranceexamsinUniversityXinthepastdecade.2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.3.Stateyourownchoice.2．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicFightingDrugAbuse.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:

78六级写作模拟题范文（一）对立观点型1.KeepingPetsThereisnodenyingthefactthatkeepingpetshasbeenahotlydebatedtopicinChina.People’sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatpetslikecats,dogsandbirdscanreduce,tosomeextent,lonelinessforbothadultsandchildren,especiallyfortheold,thesingle,housewivesandthedisabled.Withoutpets,thesepeople’slifewouldbecomedullandcheerless.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theymaintainthatkeepingpetsshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatpetsareresponsiblefornoises,whichdisturbpeople’srest,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhokeepthemandbyinnocentneighbors.Theyalsoarguethatkeepingpetsisawasteofmoneyandresources.Personally,Ibelievethatweshouldnotgotoextremes.Ontheonehand,weshouldallowpeopletokeeppets;ontheotherhand,weshouldtakemeasurestosolvetheproblemscausedbypets.Thiscanbedonebybanningpetsfrompublicplaces.Inaddition,largeanddangerouspetsshouldberestrictedtospecialareas.或Weighingtheargumentsofbothsides,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththelatter.Anyway,wecanlessenourlonelinessandexpressourlovetowardanimalsinotherways.Anditismybeliefthatonlybyplacingmanandotherspeciesonanequalbasiscanweexpecttohavealivelyandcolorfulworld.2．MilitaryTrainingThereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbeenahotlydebatedtopicwhetherstudentsshouldattendmilitarytraininginChinainthepastyears.Opinionsonthisissuediffersharply.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatthetrainingcannotonlybuildupstudents’bodiesbutalsotempertheirwillpower.Besides,throughthetraining,studentscandeveloptheirteam-spiritandsenseofdiscipline.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theysaythatashortperiodoftrainingasstudentsarehavingnowcannotworkwellinbuildinguptheirbodiesorstrengthentheirwill.Instead,we

79shouldlayemphasisontheirdailyexerciseandactivitiesforsuchpurpose.What’smore,asuddenincreaseofintensephysicalexercise,especiallyduringsummer,doesharmtostudents’healthandmayevencausedeaths.Whathappenedinthepastyearshasprovedthis.Weighingtheprosandconsofthesearguments,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththeformerpointofview.Militarytrainingisnotonlyameanstostrengthenstudent’sphysiqueandwillpower,butalsoaneffectivewaytoenhancetheirsenseofnationaldefenseandfostertheirpatriotism.Thoughsomedeathshappenedduringthetraining,weshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Besides,thedeathsareperfectevidencethatstudentsneedmoresuchtraining.Ofcourse,measuresshouldbetakentoensurethattheleastharmisdonetothetrainees.3.BuyingLotteryTicketsThereisnodenyingthefactthatbuyinglotteryticketsisahotlydebatedtopicinChinatoday./ThereisnodenyingthefactthatbuyinglotteryticketsisbecomingpopularinChinatoday.Somepeoplebelievethatitisbeneficialinmanyways.Inthefirstplace,ithelpsraisemoneyforsuchgroupsasthepoorandthedisabledaswellasforsuchcausesassports.(Thus,theheavyfinancialburdenonthegovernmentwillberelievedorevenremoved.)Inthesecondplace,lotterygamesprovidepeoplewithameansofentertainmentorpastime.(Withoutlotterygames,manypeoplemightfindnothinginterestingtodo.Lastbutnotleast,bybuyinglotterytickets,onemaymakeafortuneovernight.)Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theysaythatbuyinglotteryticketsisactuallyakindofgambling.Peopleareencouragedtoearnmoneythroughguessinginsteadofdown-to-earthlabor.Asaresult,somepeoplearetemptedtocommitcrimes.AcaseinpointisthetwobankclerksinHeibeiwhostolemillionsofmoneyfromthebanktobuylotterytickets.Weighingtheargumentsofbothsides,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththeformer.Lotterygamescanserveasagoodmeanstoraisefunds.Buttheticketbuyersshouldkeepinmindtheoriginalpurposeofsuchgames,thatis,tohelptheunderprivilegedortocontributetopublicwelfare.Iftheyhappentowintheprizes,it’snothingbutareturnfortheirkindness.(Personally,Ithinkthatbothsideshavesomethingright.Actually,lotterygamesshouldbeviewedasatwo-edgedsword,whichpresentsuswithbothbenefitsandtroubles.Butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Thebestpolicy,asIseeit,istomaximizetheiradvantagesandeliminatetheirunhealthyside-effects.Orinotherwords,weshouldfurtherdeveloplotterygamesandexertpropersupervisionoverthemsothattheycanbenefitusinabetterway.)4．ShouldCollegeStudentsBeAllowedtoGetMarried?Thereisnodenyingthefactthatitisahotlydebatedtopictodaywhethercollegestudentsshouldbeallowedtogetmarried.Sometimeago,thebanwasliftedbysomeuniversitiesonstudentsgettingmarried.Tothispeople’sattitudesdiffersharply.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatmostcollegestudentsareadultsandthatitisabasicrightforthosewhohavereachedtheappropriateagestogetmarried.Manyothers,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theyclaimthattheuniversityorcollegeisaplacetostudyinsteadofacommunitytoleadafamilylife.Allowingcollegestudentstogetmarriedwouldadverselyaffecttheirstudy.Forinstance,theywouldspendtoomuchtimeattendingtheirfamilyandlove,unabletoconcentrateontheirschoolwork.

80AsfarasIamconcerned,IbelievethatitisOKtoallowcollegestudentstogetmarried.Anyway,thisistheirfreedom.Actually,wedon’thavetoworrytoomuchbecausefactshaveshownthatmostcollegestudentswouldchoosenottogetmarriedinthefaceofsuchfiercecompetitionandheavyschoolwork.(或AsfarasIamconcerned,Ibelievethatcollegestudentsshouldnotbeallowedtogetmarried.Thoughmostlyadults,theyareactuallyimmaturepsychologically.Theirwishtogetmarriedis,moreoftenthannot,impulses.Besides,asstudents,theyarenotreadytosupportafamilyfinancially.5.PreferableWorkSomepeopleprefertoworkwithpeople.Workingwithpeopleusuallymakesonefeelinterestingandefficient.Atthesametime,itcangivepeoplepowerandcompetitionandprovidesrivalrywhichcanbeaveryeffectivemotiveinimprovingone'sability.Inaddition,peoplecangetbetterideasbywayofconsultationandconferencewithotherpeople.Ontheotherhand,otherpeoplelikejobswhichmainlyinvolvewithobjectsormachine.Theyprobablythinkthatworkingwithobjectsormachinewillprovidemorepeaceandquiet.Undersuchpeacefulconditions,onecandomorepracticalwork,improveone'sskillandmaketechnicalrenovations.Ofthesetwowaysofworking,Ipreferworkingwithpeople.Firstofall,Ilikeworkingwithpeoplebecauseofcompanionship.Second,althoughtherearecompetitionandrivalry,wecanlearnsomethingfromotherpeopleevenifwedon'tlikethem. 6.Part-timeJobsforCollegeStudentsTherehasbeenmuchcontroversyoverpart-timejobsforcollegestudents.Peoplewhoareagainstitholdthatthesolepurposeofhighereducationisforthestudentstoacquireknowledge.Iftheyareengagedinpart-timejobs,theywillbeinvariablydistractedfromtheirstudiesandasaresulttheycannotfulfilltherequirementsmappedoutbytheStateEducationCommission.Thewriter,however,thinksthatthereareseveraladvantagesforcollegestudentsinvolvedinpart-timejobs.Firstly,part-timejobsprovideopportunitiesforstudentstocontactsocietysoastoknowthesituationofthetalentmarket.Forinstance,ifastudentworksasapart-timegoverness,heorshewillknowwhatkindofprofessionalsareurgentlyneededbythemarketandthiswillhelphimtochooseafuturejob.Secondly,therearesomefinancialgainsfrompart-timejobs.Sincethereformwascarriedout,institutionsofhighereducationhavestartedtocollecttuitionfeesfromstudents.Needlesstosaythismeansanotherfinancialburdenonparents.Andpart-timejobscanserveasapartialsolutiontothisproblem.Lastbutnotleast,part-timejobscancultivatestudents'senseofindependence.Tosumup,part-timejobscandoalotmoregoodthanbadtostudentsaslongastheycanmakebestuseoftheirtimeandraisetheefficiencyoftheirstudy.7.TheDevelopmentofPrivateCars（a）Withtheincreaseinthegeneralstandardofliving,someordinaryChinesefamiliescannowaffordacar.Yetopinionsonthedevelopmentofaprivatecarvaryfrompersontoperson.Some

81claimthattherearemanyadvantagesinpossessingacar.Itgivesamuchgreaterdegreeofcomfortandmobility.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransport,andhencenoirritationcausedbywaitingforbusesortaxies.Withacarhecangowherehelikesandwhenhewants,somuchsothathecanenjoyhisleisuretothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideontheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtohisimmediateneighborhood.However,othersstronglyobjecttodevelopingprivatecars.Theymaintainthatasmoreandmorecarsareproducedandruninthestreet,alargevolumeofpoisonousgaswillbegivenoff,pollutingtheatmosphereandcausingactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Infact,privatecarscontributetotrafficcongestionsogreatlythattheadvantagesgainedincomfortandfreedomareoftencancelledoutbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams.Inspiteofalltheabove-mentioned,Istillfavorowningacar.Thereasonisthatthecargivesapersonthefreedomtoschedulehisowntime.Thoughweareconfrontedwithaproblemofenergycrisis,Iamsurethattherealsolutionwillhavetobeanewkindofcar,onethatusescheap,efficientfuelanddoesnotcontaminatetheair.(b)Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofpeoplehavebecomecarowners.Yetthereisnoconsensusonthedevelopmentofprivatecars.Somepeopleholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatthecaristheresultofmodernscienceandtechnologyandeveryoneisentitledtoenjoyit.Theyalsoarguethatthedevelopmentofprivatecarswillvigorouslystimulatethedevelopmentofotherindustriesandthewholenationaleconomy.Others,however,holdthenegativeview.Theypointoutthattheincreasingnumberofcarshaveledtoaseriesofproblems.First,theyresultinairpollution,whichseriouslydamagepeople’shealth.Secondly,toomanycarsontheroadeasilyleadtotrafficjams,whichactuallyslowdownthepaceoflifeandwork.Weighingtheprosandconsofthesearguments,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththelatterpointofview.Thegovernmentshouldputabanonthedevelopmentofprivatecarsandexertmoreeffortstodeveloppublictransportation,suchasbusesandsubways.Inthisway,wecanbothenjoyefficiencyandacleanenvironment.（二）单一观点型1．TheGreatestInventioninthePastCenturyWhenaskedaboutthegreatestinventioninthepastcentury,somepeoplemayclaimthatitisthecomputer;othersmaysayitisthemobilephone;stillothersmaysayitistheautomobile.Inmyopinion,however,itistheInternet.Ofcourse,thecomputer,ortheelectricbrain,hasgreatlyfacilitatedourmentalworkandspareustheburdenofcalculating,restoringandsearching;theautomobilesavesustimeandmakesourtravelmoreconvenientandthemobilephonehasgotpeoplecloser.But,thesearejusttheextensionofhumanbrain,legsandvoice.TheInternet,however,haschangedhumanlifeinamorefundamentalwaysinceitsbirth.First,asanewborninformationdeliveringsystem,theInternethasmadevariousinformationavailableatourfinger'stip.Besides,Internetservesasthemostconvenientmeansforcommunication.ThroughInternet,peoplecandiscussvariousproblemsandmakefriends.Lastbut

82notleast,theInternetisalsoafaithfulaidinourdailylifesincepeoplecangoshoppingandgetmedicalservicesonline.Tosumup,theInternetisindeedthemostinterestingandimportantinventionmanhasevermade.2.CollegeGraduatesWorkasVillageOfficialsThereisnodenyingthefactthatitisahotlydebatedtopictodayhowcollegegraduatesshouldchoosetheircareers.Sometimeago,itwasreportedthatsomecollegegraduateschosetoworkasvillageofficials.Tothispeople’sattitudesdiffersharply.Someholdthepositiveviewwhileothersareagainstit.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ibelievethatitisawisechoice.Ontheonehand,collegegraduatescancontributealottothedevelopmentofthecountryside.First,theycanapplytheirprofessionalknowledgethere.Secondly,theycanintroducenewconceptstothecountrysideandspeedthedevelopmentofruralculture.Asaresult,thegapbetweenthecityandthecountrysidecanwellbebridged.Ontheotherhand,thesegraduatescanbenefitalotfromworkingasvillageofficials.Whiletoomanycollegegraduatesarefightingforthehandfulofpositionsinbigcities,thesegraduatescanfindthemselvesawiderstageofdevelopmentandrealizetheirvalue.Therefore,collegegraduatesworkingasvillageofficialsisawin-winchoiceandmoregraduatesshouldbeencouragedtoworkinthecountryside.3.ShouldStudentsWearSchoolUniforms?(a)Thereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbeenacontroversialtopicwhetherstudentsshouldbemadetowearuniforms.Someholdthepositiveview.Theyclaimthatwearinguniformshelpsenhancestudents’senseofunityandequality.Others,however,arestronglyopposedtoforcingstudentstowearuniforms.Personally,Idon’tthinkstudentsshouldwearschooluniforms.Everybodyisuniqueandeachpersonmayhavehis/herowntastes.Itisimpossibleforeveryonetoappreciatethesamekindofclothes.Besides,studentsneedtohavetheirownopinionsevenfromearlyschoolage.Afterall,theyhavetofacetheirownsituationwhentheygrowup.Bychoosingfromdifferentclothes,theywilllearntomaketheirowndecisioninlife.Somemayarguethatwearinguniformstoschoolhelpstobreakdownthebarriersbetweendifferentsocioeconomicgroups.Butthepointisthat,wecanpreventthemfrombeinghurtwhentheyareatschool,thenhowwilltheyreactwhenlearninginequalitieslaterinlife?Soit'snousefindinganexcuseanymore.Asthesocietyprogressed,it'ssensibletodesertschooluniforms.(b)Thereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbeenacontroversialtopicwhetherstudentsshouldbemadetowearuniforms.Someholdthepositiveviewwhileothersarestronglyopposedtoforcingstudentstowearuniforms.Personally,Ibelievethatstudentsshouldwearuniforms,forithasanumberofadvantages.First,ithelpstobreakdownthebarriersbetweendifferentsocioeconomicgroupsandmakeseveryonefeelthesame,sostudentswon’tbebotheredtheirdifferentfamilybackgrounds.

83Secondly,wearinguniformshelpstocultivatestudents’senseofcommitment,affiliationandresponsibilityforone'sschool.Lastbutnotleast,ifeveryonewearsschooluniforms,thereisnoneedforthemtofollowthefashionandspendtoomuchmoneyonluxuriousclothing.Therefore,studentswillconcentrateontheirstudy.Ofcourse,studentscanhavetheirowntastesforclothing,buttheycandemonstratethemonweekendsorholidays.Althoughsomeschooluniformsarefarfromsatisfyingintheirstyle,quality,orprice,theycanwellbeimprovedinthefutureandshouldneverbereasonswhyweabandonuniforms.（三）陈述利弊型1.ScientificDiscovery—CurseorBlessingAnewscientificdiscoverynearlyalwaysmeansablessingtomankind.Takeelectricityforexample.Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasusheredinaneraofcountlessinventionsincloseconnectionwithit.Nowadayspeoplecanreadandwritebymeansoflightsinsteadofcandles.Fireisanotherexampleofdiscoverieswhichmadehumanbeingssurviveinancienttimesandgenerateselectricityinmoderntimes.Again,mineralssuchasoilorcoaldiscoveredbymanhavelongbeenusedasfueltodevelopindustryandagriculture.Yetsometimesascientificdiscoverymayproveacurseuponthehumanrace.Asweknow,everythinghastwosides.Electricitycanshockonetodeathifusedcarelessly.Smokefromfactoriesandgasesfromcarsareterriblepollutants.Radiumusedinnuclearpowerplantscanleadtoanuclearwar.Themisuseofscientificdiscoveriesmustbeprevented.Sincechemicalelementsorsubstanceswerediscovered,somehavebeenmadeuseofforpurposeofwar.Suchweaponsasatomicbombsorpoisonousgaseshaveprovedtobedestructivetomankind.Therefore,itisthewholeworld'sdutytopreventscientificdiscoveriesfrommenacingthehumanrace.2．Internet—ATwo-edgedSwordTheInternetisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinpeople'slife.Asanewborninformationdeliveringsystem,theInternethasmadeseasofinformationavailableatourfingers’tips.Besides,theInternetservesasthemostconvenientmeansforcommunication.ThroughtheInternet,peoplecandiscussvariousproblemsandmakefriendswhosharecommonviews.Butjustasacoinhastwosides,theInternethasitsowndrawbackswhichshouldnotbeneglected.First,itcostsanalarmingamountofmoneytoconstructthesystemandthecostisveryhightomostChineseconsumers.Second,itissometimesdifficultforpeopletofindtherightinformationtheyarelookingforsincethereistoomuchrubbishonthenet.Finally,itisalsodifficulttopreventthenetfromtheinvasionofcriminals.Therefore,theInternetshouldbeviewedasatwo-edgedsword,whichpresentsuswithbothconveniencesandtroubles.Butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Thebestpolicy,asIseeit,istofurtherdevelopthenetandexertpropersupervisionoveritsothatitcanbenefitusinabetterway.3.StudyingAbroad:HardshipsandRewardsTherecentyearshaveseenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofChinesestudyingabroad.

84Obviously,studyingabroadhasitsrewards.Inthefirstplace,astudentcanhaveaccesstoadvancedscienceandtechnologyaswellasdesirableworkingconditionswhichmightnotbeavailableathome.Inthesecondplace,hecanbeexposedtoentirelynewideasandtrends.Lastbutnotleast,bylivingandstudyinginaforeigncountry,onecanimprovehisforeignlanguagemuchfasterthanathome.However,justaseverycoinhastwosides,studyingabroadmayalsoconfrontonewithaseriesofhardships.Foronething,learningaforeignlanguageisfarfromaneasythingatthebeginningformostpeople.Foranother,acompletelynewenvironmentwithdifferentcustomsandhabitsmayalsobeabarriertooverseasstudents,especiallytotheyoung.Anaddeddifficultylieswithfinance:itcancostalottostudyabroad.Frommypointofview,theadvantagesofstudyingabroadoutweighitsdisadvantages.Butitisabigdecisiontogoabroadtostudyandoneshouldtakeintoconsiderationhisfinancialconditionsandhisabilitytoadapttonewsurrounding.Personally,IchoosetogoabroadandstudyifIfinditnecessary.4.Messages(a)Atpresent,thereisnodoubtthatshortmessageplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinourlives.Weareallawarethat,likeeverythingelse,shortmessagehavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generallyspeaking,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Firstofall,infestivals,wecansendshortmessagestowishgoodlucktootherpeopleweknow.Itbringsusalotofconvenience.Inaddition,shortmessageconnectsitsuserswiththeoutsideworld.Forexample,somepeoplesubscribeweatherforecastornewsshortmessages,withthem,people’slifewillbegreatlyenriched.Butitispitythateverycoinhastwosides.Thedisadvantagesofshortmessagecan’tbeignored.Wespendtoomuchtimeonspellingourwordsandsendingshortmessagesthatwecan’tfocusonourstudies.Also,youwillalwaysbeannoyedbystrangers’shortmessagesoneafteranother.Asisknowntoall,shortmessageisneithergoodnorbaditself.Inmyopinion,wecanuseit.Butweshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonitanddon’tletitdisturbusfromourlives.(b)Asweallknow,angelsanddevilsaretwopolesapart,buttextmessagecombinesthemperfectly.Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthatitisablessing,whileothersarguethatitisacurse.AsIseeit,thereisanelementoftruthinbothviews.Ontheonehand,itbringsaboutmanybenefits.First,messagesreceivedfromfamilies,friendsandrelativesoftenmoveorcheeruppeople,thusstrengtheningpeople’srelationships.Anothermeritoftextmessageisthatitacceleratestheflowofinformation.Onecangettoknowwhatothersaredoingmoreconvenientlythaneverpossiblebefore.However,ontheotherhand,itisneverwithoutdrawbacks.Tobeginwith,manyunwantedanduselessmessagesmaywastepeople’stimeorevendisturbpeople.Weexpectedsomemessageswerevital,buttheyturnedouttoberubbish.Inaddition,theappearanceoftextmessage

85alsoarousespeople’sconcernfortheirprivacy.Tobeexact,peoplemayfearthattheirprivacyisinvaded.Inthefinalanalysis,IshouldadmithonestlythatIcannotgiveayes-noanswertothisquestion.Maybe,weshoulddiscussitmoreinthefuturesothatamorereasonableconclusioncouldbedrawn.（四）解决问题型1.FoodSafetyThereisnodenyingthefactthatfoodsafetyisagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Reportsareoftenhearduponfoodproductsofbadquality.ThemostnotableinstancesmightbethenotoriousSanLumilkpowder,swill-cookeddirtyoilandtheso-called“leanmeatpowder”.Actually,theproblemhasbecomesowidespreadthatithasseverelyaffectedpeople’slifeandhinderedthedevelopmentofeconomy.Anumberoffactorsaccountfortheproblem,butpoorsupervisionandlawenforcementmightbetheleadingreasons.Actually,wedohavesuchdepartmentsasthebureauoffoodsafetysupervisionandadministrationandthebureauofindustryandcommerceinvariouslevelsofthegovernment,buttheyarenotreallyfunctioningorfulfillingtheirduties.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itishightimethatpertinentlawsandregulationswereworkedoutandrigidlyenforcedtocrackdownonanyproductionandcirculationofsubstandardfoodproducts.Meanwhile,inactiveandincompetentcivilservantsshouldbeimmediatelypurgedfromtheteamoffoodsafetysupervisionandadministration.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpectabrightfutureofthisnation. 2.WaterShortageNoonecanhavefailedtonoticethefactthatwatershortageisagraveproblemwithwhichthewholeworldisconfronted.Actually,ithasbecomesowidespreadthatithasseverelyaffectedpeople’sdailylifeandhinderedthedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomy.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfortheproblem,butthefollowingmightbethecriticalones.First,withthedevelopmentofagricultureandindustry,anincreasingamountofwaterisneeded.Secondly,theever-increasingpopulationisanotherleadingcauseofwatershortage.Besides,theglobaltendencyofwarmingupalsocontributestotheproblem.What’sworse,pollutionandwasteoffreshwateraggravatethesituation.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtoprotectwaterresources.Secondly,peopleshouldenhancetheirawarenessofsavingwater.Withthesemeasurestaken,itisreasonableforustoexpectabrighterfuture.3.SandstormsThereisnodenyingthefactthatsandstormshavebecomeagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.ReportsareoftenhearduponsandstormsattackingNorthChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.Actually,sandstormshavebecomesowidespreadthattheyhaveseverelyaffectedpeople’sdailylifeandhinderedthedevelopmentofeconomy.

86Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfortherampancyofsandstorms,butthefollowingmightbethemostcriticalones.Inthefirstplace,overgrazingandclear-cuttinghavedevastatedthevegetationinformerlygreenmountainsandplains.Consequently,deserthasspreadandbecomethemajorsourceofsandstorms.Inthesecondplace,thebareconstructioncitesincitiesalsocontributetosandstorms.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediatelybeforethingsgetworse.Inthefirstplace,itisimperativethatpertinentlawsbeworkedoutandrigidlyenforcedtoprotectvegetation.Inthesecondplace,adeep-going,widespreadandever-lastingcampaignshouldbelaunchedtoenhancepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Withproperlawsandanalertpublic,itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforesandstormsbecomethingsofthepast.4.CollegeStudents’JobHuntingThereisnodenyingthefactthatjobhuntingisagraveproblemwithwhichcollegegraduatesareconfronted.Reportsareoftenhearduponthenumberofstudentswhofailtofindajobongraduation.Actually,theproblemhasbecomesowidespreadthatithasseverelyaffectedthegraduates’lifeandhinderedthedevelopmentofeconomy.Anumberoffactorsaccountfortheproblem,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,inrecentyears,collegesanduniversitieshaveenrolledsomanystudentsthatthenumberofgraduatesarefargreaterthantheneedinthemarket.Secondly,manygraduateswouldratherstayinlargecitieswithoutsuitablejobstodothangotosmalltownsorthecountry.Lastbutnotleast,theongoingfinancialcrisisandeconomicdepressionaggravatethedifficultyinjob-seeking.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Foronething,itisessentialthatthegovernmentcreatemorejobopportunitiesbyallmeans.Foranother,graduatesshouldchangetheirattitudetowardsemploymentandgotoworkinsmallcitiesandthecountry.Withthesemeasurestaken,wehavereasonstobelievethattheproblemcanbesolvedinthenearfuture.5.HowtoSolveEnergyCrisis(a)Manisfacedwithagraveproblem—theenergycrisis,whichisbecomingincreasinglyserious.First,withtheincreaseintheworld'spopulation,thedemandforfuelsisgrowingsteadily.Second,therapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculturecallsforanincreasingamountofcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Confrontedwiththeenergycrisis,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestosaveenergy.Foronething,itishightimethatpeopleallovertheworldrealizedtheseverefactthatournaturalresourceshavebeenfixedsincetheearthwascreated.Foranother,thegovernmentsofallcountriesaresupposedtolaydowntherulesandregulationstorestricttheamountofgasusedbycars.Finally,scientificresearchesshouldbeencouragedtoworkoutefficientmethodsofsavingfuelsandtoseeknewsourcesofenergy.Personally,Ibelievethatsolarenergyisapossiblesourceofclean,inexpensiveandabundantenergy.Itdoesnotpollutetheenvironmentandcostsonlyasmuchastheinstallationofsolarpanelstoabsorbthesun'srays.Consequently,I'mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingus

87becausesolarenergywillbeabletohelpustosolvetheenergycrisis.(b)Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthattheenergycrisishasbeenagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Reportsareoftenheardabouttheshortageofcoal,gasorelectricalpower.Therisingpriceofgashaslongbeenagreatconcernandevenaheadacheforpeoplewhoowncars.Thecausesoftheenergycrisisarequiteobvious.First,withtheincreaseintheworld'spopulation,thedemandforfuelsisgrowingsteadily.Second,therapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculturecallsforanincreasingamountofcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtobanthewasteofenergy.Secondly,thepublicshouldenhancetheirawarenessofsavingenergyandotherresources.Withthesemeasurestaken,itisreasonableforustobelievethattheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfuture.6.FireAccidentsinBigCities(a)Inrecentyearstherehasbeenamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesofourcountry.Almosteverydayweseefireenginesrushingthroughstreets.Fireshavenotonlyresultedinheavyeconomiclossesbutalsoinjuredandkilledmanypeople.Whatarethecausesoffireaccidents?Mostofthefiresarebroughtaboutbycarelessnessandviolationoffiresafetyregulations.Othersareduetothepoorqualityofhomeelectricalappliances.Bytheway,somepeopledon'tknowhowtousethemproperly.Besides,therearequiteafewbusinesseswhichfocussomuchoftheirattentiononprofitsthattheytendtoneglectandevenignorefireprecautions.Inmyopinion,inordertopreventfiresweshouldfirstofallfosterpeople'ssenseoffireprevention.Thesecondthingwehavetodoistoincreasethenumberofprofessionalfirefighters,towhomregulartrainingcoursesshouldbeoffered.Finally,wearetoimprovetheexistingfireenginesandaddmorefirefacilitiestohigh-risebuildings.Inthisway,areliablefirepreventionsystemwillbeformed.(b)Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthattheriseinthenumberoffireaccidentsinbigcitieshasbeenagraveproblemwithwhichweareconfronted.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Reportsareoftenheardaboutseriousfireaccidentsinbars,KTVhouses,etc,whichoftenleadtogrievouslossesoflivesandproperty.Thecausesofthosefireaccidentsarequiteobvious.Mostofthefiresarebroughtaboutbycarelessnessandviolationoffiresafetyregulations.Othersareduetothepoorqualityofhomeelectricalappliances.Bytheway,somepeopledon'tknowhowtousethemproperly.Besides,therearequiteafewbusinesseswhichfocussomuchoftheirattentiononprofitsthattheytendtoneglectandevenignorefireprecautions.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsget

88worse.First,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtobanbehaviorsleadingtofires.Secondly,thepublicshouldenhancetheirawarenessofpreventingfiresandprotectingthemselves.Withthesemeasurestaken,itisreasonableforustobelievethattheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfuture.（五）谚语警句型1.WhereThereIsaWill,ThereIsaWayAwell-knownproverbgoesthat“wherethereisawill,thereisaway”,whichmeansthatonecanfindawaytosuccessaslongasheorshehasastrongwill.Withastrongwill,onecanfocusallhisenergyononepoint,whichmakeshissuccesspossible.Withoutastrongwill,however,onecanbeeasilydistractedfromhisgoalordiscouragedbysetbacks,whichleadstohisultimatefailure.Historyaboundswithexamplesofstrong-willedfigureswinningsuccess.Actually,thereisnobetterillustrationoftheproverbthanthedeedsofGouJian,kingofYueinancientChina.DefeatedbyFuChai,kingofWu,Goutriedeverymeanspossibletosteelhiswill.Eventually,withthehelpofFanLiandXiShi,hemanagedtorebuildhiscountryandhisarmiesandhadFuChaitastethebitternessoffailure.Inshort,astrongwillisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlives.Oneshouldlosenochancetostrengthhiswillandremember,Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2．PracticeMakesPerfectAwell-knownproverbgoes“Practicemakesperfect”,whichmeansthatperfectionliesinpractice.Withoutpractice,youcanneverexpecttobereallygoodatanything.Onthecontrary,themoreyoupractice,themorelikelyyouaretodothingsinaperfectway.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.ThestudyofEnglishisacaseinpoint.Ifyouwishtoimproveyourpronunciation,youmustpracticepronouncingeveryEnglishsyllableagainandagain.Likewise,ifyouwanttowriteanexcellentcomposition,youhavetositdownandwrite.AnotherexampleisDengYaping,theworldNo.1womanPing-pongplayer.Thisshortgirl,whodoesnotseemtobecutoutforsports,oweshersuccesstopainstakingandperseverantpractice.Inshort,practiceisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlife.Practice,tosomedegree,canmakethedifferencebetweenbeingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.（六）图表图画型1.TheIncreaseintheNumberofStudentsAttendingGraduateEntranceExamsItcanbeseenfromthechartthattherehavebeensharpincreasesinthenumberofstudentsattendinggraduateentranceexamsinUniversityXinthepastdecade.Asthechartshows,theyear1998witnessedonly2,900studentstakingpartintheexams.In2004,thenumbersoaredtonearlyfourthousand.In2010,farmorepeoplepreparedthemselvesforgraduatestudy.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthechangeinthechart,butthefollowingmightbethe

89criticalones.First,duetothespreadingfinancialcrisisandeconomicrecessioninthepastyears,thenumberofjobvacancieshasbeenonasharpdecline.Secondly,asaresultofexpandedenrollmentsinmanycollegesanduniversities,thenumberofgraduateshasrocketedinChina,whichaddstothefiercenessofcompetitioninthejobmarket.Lastbutnotleast,relevantstatepoliciesandtheboomofhighereducationprovidestudentswithmoreopportunitiestogoafterhigherdegrees.Personally,Iwouldnotpursuegraduatestudyrightupongraduationfromcollege.ThemainreasonisthatIhavenotmadeupmymindonthefieldtomajorin.ButIreallydeemitnecessaryformetosecureamasterdegree.SoIwouldsetmygoalwhileIamworking.2.FightingDrugAbuseItcanbeseenfromthechartsthatdrugabusehasbecomeagraveprobleminChina.Aswecanseefromthefirstchartontheleft,in1995,therewereonlyslightlymorethan200thousanddrugaddicts,whilein2010thenumbersoaredtoover1,000thousand.Theotherchartconveysamoreshockingmessage:about70percentofthedrugaddictsinChinanowareyoungpeopleagedunder35.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthisdramaticchange,butthefollowingmightbethemostcriticalones.Inthefirstplace,asChinaopensitsdoortotheoutsideworld,itspeopletendtobeinfluencedbywesternvaluesandlifestyles.Moreorless,thedrugaddictsinChinaareimitatingtheircounterpartsintheU.S.andotherwesternindustrializedcountries.Foranother,withChinatransformingfromaplannedeconomytoamarket-orientedone,therehasappearedavacuuminpeople’sfaiths,especiallyintheyoungsters’faiths.Confrontedwithincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninstudyandwork,manyofthemresorttodrugabuseasawayofrelaxation.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.Foronething,itisimperativethatpertinentlawsshouldbeworkedoutandrigidlyenforcedtocrackdownondrugdealing,cuttingoffthesupplyofdrugs.Foranother,adeep-goingandever-lastingcampaignshouldbelaunchedtohelptheyoungestablishtherightphilosophyandworldview.Onlywiththesemeasurestakencanweexpectabrighterfuture.附：英文字母大小写规则英文中字母大写的情况主要有以下两种。1．题目中第一个字母和实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词）首字母大写。例：ADayin2009,KeepingPets,ShouldStudentsBeAllowedtoLiveoffCampus?2．文章中句首字母（即每个句号、问号和感叹号之后第一个字母）和专有名词（人名、地名、时间名、报刊杂志名、组织机构名等）的实词首字母大写。例：1）人名：LiMing,LiXiaoming,ZhugeLiang（与人名连用的表示称呼、称号或职务的名词首字母也要大写，如Mr.Smith,Dr.Brown）2）地名：Asia,China,Beijing,Shandong（由国家名变来表示“某国的”,“某国人”或“某国语”的词词首字母也要大写，如Chinese,Japanese；构成地名或与地名连用的普通词词首字母也大写，如theGreatWall,Tian’anmenSquare）

903）时间名：May,Sunday,Christmas,NewYear’sEve,theMid-autumnFestival4）报刊杂志名：Time,theEconomist,theWashingtonPost,ChinaDaily5）组织机构名：theUnitedNations,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,theCommunistParty六级汉译英讲义一、考试大纲根据教育部最新的六级考试大纲中公布的评分标准，“汉译英翻译”部分共设5题，考试时间5分钟，分值占考试总分数的5%。要求译文全局结构正确、自然、通顺、流畅且符合英语表达习惯，恰当把握与处理句子的难点，达到翻译的要求，例如词组、被动语态、特殊句型、从句的翻译等。一个句子是否能够正确翻译，取决于这个句子中的一些关键词、词组、句型以及语法结构的正确理解与自然表达。翻译1.四级翻译真题考点亦应全面掌握2.规律性考点：语法和搭配3.语法书应具备的特点：（1）全面（包括最基础语法的讲解）（2）有练习（非中、高考应试练习）商务印书馆：《英语语法手册》（薄冰修订第5版）上海外语教育出版社：《大学英语》系列教材之《语法与练习》补充资料之汉译英专项练习4.关键词与搭配考查范围及重点：《大学英语积极词汇》（1）动词+介词（2）动词+名词（3）介词+名词二、大纲样题Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.　　72.Itwasessentialthat_______________(我们在月底签订合同)。　　73.Toourdelight,she________________(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活)。　　74.Thenewgovernmentwasaccused_____________________(未实现其降低失业率的承诺)。　　75.Theworkmenthink___________________(遵守安全规则很重要)。　　76.Thecustomercomplainedthatnosooner_______________(他刚试着使用这台机器，它就不运转了)。参考答案：　72.wesignthecontractbeforetheendofthemonth　　73.adapted(herself)tocampuslifeamonthafterenteringcollege　　74.offailuretofulfillitspromisetoreducetheunemployment

91rate　　75.itveryimportanttocomplywith/followthesafetyregulations　　76.hadhetriedusingthemachinethanitstoppedworking三、汉译英评分标准对译文的主要要求是“正确”和“表达清楚”，对英语译文的其他方面不做过高的要求。具体细节如下：1)整体内容和语言均正确，得1分2)结构正确，但整体意思不确切或信息不全，得0.5分3)整体意思正确但语言有错误（包括用词不当），得0.5分4)整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分5)添加不必要的词语时，如不影响句义，不扣分;如影响句义，应扣分。6)大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计7)一题二译时，只按第一个译文给分。例：2007年12月82题Butformobilephones,______________(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便). 1分1)ourcommunicationcouldn’t/wouldn’tbesofastandconvenient2)ourcommunicationcouldn’t/wouldn’thavebeensofastandconvenient3)wecouldn’tcommunicatesofastandconveniently4)itwouldbeimpossibleforourcommunicationtobesoquick/rapidandconvenient5)wecouldnotgetintouchwitheachothersoquicklyandconveniently 0.5分1)ourcommunicationwon’tbesofastandconvenient2)ourcommunicationhadnotbeensofastandconvenient3)thecommunicationbetweenuswouldnothavebeensofastandconvienent4)ourcommunicationswon’tberipaidandconvenient 0分1)ourinformationdoesn’tsofastandconfent2)ourmobiletransfercan’tsoquicklyandcandy四、汉译英应试原则和做题程序1.应试原则手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达）语法正确（避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误）内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删）语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样）

922.做题程序1．理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2．翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3．审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。五、汉译英历年真题2010年12月82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou______________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties__________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).84.Much________________(使研究人员感到惊讶)，theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;________________(我一定是把它放在哪儿了).86.I________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.2010年6月82．_________________（他们的独生儿子从未想过）toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto___________________（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）.84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances_______________（他会违背还钱的承诺）.85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids______________________（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）.86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）.2009年12月82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme? __________________(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved_________________(对许多传统观念的一种挑战).84.Themanager ________________(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawaybysomeurgentbusinessabroad.85. Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata _______________(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的)．86.Much___________________(我感到遗憾),I wasunableto finishtheworkontime.2009年6月82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk__________________(说服他不买车).83.___________________(保持幽默感有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety.84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,_____________________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink______________________(一定有人在说他们的坏话).86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds_________________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).

93 2008年12月82.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which________(把美观与功能完美地结合起来).83.Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto________(本能地知道该走哪条路).84.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatparents__________(剥夺孩子们的自由)tospendtheirsparetimeastheywish.85.Olderadultswhohaveahighlevelofdailyactivitieshavemoreenergyand___________(与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低).86.Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss’attentionbydemonstrating___________(为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选).2008年6月82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose______________(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,______________(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedto______________(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveronce______________(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.______________(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople.2007年12月82.Butformobilephones.(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation，(没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了)84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning，(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning，（而动物的行为主要依靠本能）86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances（他都不就该对法庭说谎）2007年6月82.Theautomanufacturersfoundthemselves________________________(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额).83.Onlyinthesmalltown________________________(他才感到安全和放松).84.Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren________________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).85.Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,________________________(更别提我们花费的大量金钱了).86.Theproblemsofblacksandwomen________________________(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).2006年12月72.Ifyouhad_____________________(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦)。73.Withtearsonherface,thelady____________________(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室)。

9474.Aftertheterroristattack,tourists_______________________(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)。75.Iprefertocommunicatewithmycustomers__________________________(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)。76.________________________(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.六、汉译英历年真题答案及解析2010年12月82.canneverbetoocareful/cannotbetoocareful(考点：搭配“越……越好”“再……也不为过”，即canneverbetoo/cannotbetoo+adj.)83.didIrealizethatreadingcannotbeneglected(考点：only引导的状语或状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装)84.totheresearchers’surprise（考点：搭配toone’ssurprise，即“使…惊讶的是”）85.Imusthaveleftitsomewhere（考点：对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即musthavedone）86.wouldratherjoinyoutoworkasvolunteers(考点：结构“宁愿……也不……”，即“wouldratherdoratherthando”；搭配joinsb.“加入某人”及workas“做某工作”)2010年6月82．Theironly/singlesonhasneverattempted/contrived（考点：搭配attempttodo或contrivetodo或不定式作动词宾语）83.weighthepossibleresultofyourdecision或thinkovertheconsequencethatyourdecisionmightgenerate（考点：单词或定语从句）84.wouldhebreak/gobackonhispromisetoreturnthemoney（考点：搭配break/gobackonone’spromise和否定词位于句首的倒装句）85.（should）notbeaddictedtocomputergames（考点：搭配beaddictedto.和表示“建议、命令、要求”等词后的从句用虚拟语气）86.neverconsideredworkingasapromoter或neverthoughtoftakingthejobofapromoter（考点：单词和动名词作动词或介词宾语）2009年12月82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit（语法考点：宾语从句。错：Itdependsonhowoftenwillyouputiton）83. achallengetomanytraditionalconcepts(考点：单词。错：conflictstoordinary/traditiontheories)84.couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(语法考点：couldhavedone表示“本可以……”或“本能够……”错：besupposedtojointhemeeting)85.balanceddietisessentialto health(考点：单词。错：balancedietisnecessitytothehealth/healthy)86.tomyregret(考点：搭配“让某人感到遗憾的是”即tosb.’sregret。错：tomypity/sorryIthought/sorrowIfeel/regretsme)2009年6月82.himoutofbuyingacar（考点：搭配talksb.outofdoingsth.和动名词作介词宾语）83.Keepingasenseofhumorhelps（考点：单词及动名词作主语）

9584.hehad(nochoicebut)toconfesshiscrime（考点：单词与搭配confessone’scrime）85.somebodymustbespeakingillofthem（考点：搭配speakillofsb.及情态动词表示判断）86.ithardtoresistthetemptationoficecream（考点：搭配resistthetemptation，不定式作宾语及it作形式宾语）2008年12月82.combined/combinesbeautywithfunctioninaperfectway/perfectly（考点：搭配combine…with…）83.knowwhichwaytotakebyinstinct/instinctively（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作宾语；搭配byinstinct）84.(should)deprivechildrenoftheirfreedom（考点：名词从句中的虚拟语气；搭配deprive…of…）85.alowerdeathratecomparedwith/incomparisonwiththoselessactive（考点：比较级；搭配comparedwith/incomparisonwith）86.whyyouarethebestcandidateforaparticularposition（考点：宾语从句；单词）2008年6月82.whohavedevotedtheirwholelifetopoetry(重点考查搭配devote…to；答案也可以是devotingtheirwholelifetopoetry)83.orshewould/shouldhaveansweredit/repliedlastweek(重点考查虚拟语气)84.havecompleted/finishedherchemicalexperiment(重点考查不定式的完成时)85.havetheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(重点考查否定词位于句首的倒装)86.Theprosperityofanationinthefuturedepends/relies,toagreatextent,on(重点考查搭配depends/relieson,toagreatextent或toalargedegree) 2007年12月82．ourcommunicationcouldn't/wouldn'tbesofastandconvenient83.nothingismorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor84.butherefusedtoelaborateonthereasons. 85.whereasanimalbehaviordependsmainlyoninstinct 86.shouldhelietothecourt2007年6月82.  competingformarketshareswithforeigncompanies(考点1：findsb.doingsth.，该结构中用现在分词形式作宾语补语考点2：competeforsth.withsb.)83.   doeshefeelsafeandrelaxed(考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子部分倒装)84. shouldbedeprivedoftherighttoeducation/shouldbedeniedtherighttoeducation(考点1：虚拟语气，其实该句不用虚拟应该也可以得分考点2:deprivesbofsth/denysbsth)85. nottomentionthelargeamountsofmoneywehavespent (考点：nottomention和定语从句)86.    havedrawnconsiderablepublicattentioninthepastdecades

96（考点：drawone’sattention,considerable,public,decade）2006年12月72.followedmyadvice,youwouldnothavebeenintrouble73.watchedherwoundedsonbeingsentintotheoperatingroom74.wereadvisednottogotravelinginthatcountryforthepresent75.bywritingemailinsteadofcalling76.Itwasnotuntilthedeadlinethathesent或Notuntilthedeadlinedidhesend七、汉译英专项练习1.虚拟语气1)Ifyouhad_____________________(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦)。（2006.12.72）2)_______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.3)Iwastohavemadeaspeech_______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).4)_______________（如果明天下雨）,weshouldcancelthematch.5)Itdidn’trainlastnight._______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).6)_______________(如果我一直住在纽约),IwouldknowtheU.S.wellnow.7)Ifthedoctorhadnotcomeintime,_______________(他现在就不在人间了).8)Butformobilephones.(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).（2007.12.82）9)Butforhishelp,_______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).10)Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,______________(否则她上周就该回信了).（2008.6.83）11)Iusedmycalculator;_______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).12)WereIinyourplace,_______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).13)Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_______________(这项法案早就通过了).14)Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,_______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).15)Weinsistthat_______________(让杰克立刻进医院).16)Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids________________（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）.（2010.6.85）17)Itwasadvisedthat_______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).18)Hisproposalwasthat_______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).19)Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat_______________(取消期中考试).20)Itisridiculousthat_______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).21)Itisessentialthat_______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).22)Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren_______________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).（2007.6.84）23)Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatparents__________(剥夺孩子们的自由)tospendtheirsparetimeastheywish.（2008.12.84）24)Iwish_______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).25)Ifonly_______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.26)——Wouldyoulikehimtopaintyourdoorwithyellowstars?

97——I’dratherhe_______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).1)It’shightimethat_______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).2)Hughusuallytalks_______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).3)Hewalkedlightly_______________(以免惊醒婴儿).2.倒装句1)________________________(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.（2006.12.76）2)Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances（他都不就该对法庭说谎）（2007.12.86）3)Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances______________（他会违背还钱的承诺）.（2010.6.84）4)Neveronce______________(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.（2008.6.85）5)Scarcelyhadshefallenasleep_______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).6)NosoonerhadAnnearrived_______________(就生病了).7)Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor._______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).8)Onlyinthesmalltown_______________(他才感到安全和放松).（2007.6.83）9)OnlywhenIreachedmythirties________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).（2010.12.83）10)Onlythen_______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).11)Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice_______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).3.倍数增减的表示法1)ForceN1_______________(比力N2大2.5倍).2)Thissubstance_______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3)Theearth_______________(是月球大小的49倍).4)Thelandlord_______________(想将租金提高三分之一).5)They_______________(计划将投资增加一倍).4.时态1)Theproblemsofblacksandwomen_______________(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).（2007.6.86）2)Bequick,_______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).3)Whenshegothome,_______________(孩子们已经睡着了).4)WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,_______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).5)I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).6)Doyouoftengoonholiday?_______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).7)HejoinedthearmyinOctober,2001._______________(他参军已五年了).5.被动语态1)Theblackboardandchalk_______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

981)Thebook_______________(到今年年底就将已出版).2)Computermodels_______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).3)Whenthebilloffarewasbrought,_______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).4)_______________(必须立即采取有效措施)toeliminatesandystorms.6.情态动词1)Thephoneisringing,_______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).2)Ican’tfindmysunglasses._______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3)Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight._______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).4)Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;__________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了)。（2010.12.85）5)Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink_____________________________________________(一定有人在说他们的坏话).（2009.6.85）6)It’sapity._______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).7)_______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.8)Themanager ______________________(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawaybysomeurgentbusinessabroad.（2009.12.84）7.不定式1)Itwasagreatachievement_______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).2)Itisnecessary_______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).3)Itisgenerous_______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).4)Theteacherdecided_______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).5)__________________（他们的独生儿子从未想过）toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.（2010.6.81）6)Mr.Greenwaswondering_______________(是否去看望在法国的儿子).7)Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto________(本能地知道该走哪条路).（2008.12.83）8)Thegardener_______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).9)We_______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).10)Aftertheterroristattack,tourists_______________________(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)。（2006.12.74）11)Hefeelsitchallenging_______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).12)Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds_____________________________________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).（2009.6.86）13)Wehopetohavemoreopportunities_______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).14)Thebadweather_______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).15)Theenvironmentalistsareagainst_______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).16)SallyRidewasthefirst_______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).17)Theyliftedarock_______________(结果砸了自己的脚).18)Hewassurprised_______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).19)Iamsorry_______________(占用了您这么多时间).

991)Nancyissupposedto______________(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.（2008.6.84）2)Ihappened_______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).3)Shedoesn’tlike_______________(被当作客人).4)Ifyouwanttosavemoney,you’dbetter_______________(到校园书店买旧书).5)Wedidnothing_______________(除了整天打桥牌).6)Weweremade_______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).8.分词1)Withtearsonherface,thelady____________________(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室)。（2006.12.73）2)Theautomanufacturersfoundthemselves____________________(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额).（2007.6.82）3)ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard_______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).4)Thecars_______________(停在消防通道的)willbeticketed.5)Thewarwentonforyears,_______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).6)Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus_______________(将平均产量提高了15%).7)Einsteinwatchedthetoyindelight,_______________(想推导出它的运转原理).8)_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.9)_______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),theydecidedtopayforhiseducation.10)_______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.11)_______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了),hewasworriedaboutthem.9.动名词1)_______________(每天洗冷水澡)doeshimalotofgood.2)_____________________(保持幽默感有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety.（2009.6.83）3)Theytriedtoavoid_______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).4)Developingvarietiesisthekeyto_______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).5)Businessmajorasheis,hehas________________（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）.（2010.6.86）6)Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk___________________(说服他不买车).（2009.6.82）7)Itisnouse_______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).8)Hedenied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).9)Wecongratulatedheron_______________(被提升为经理).10.非谓语动词用法区别1)Successmeans_______________(非常努力地工作).2)Johnmeant_______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).3)Iheardhim_______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).4)Iheardhim_______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).5)Hejumpedintothepooltosavethechild_______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).

1001)Hejumpedfromtheburninghouse,_______________(摔断了双腿).2)Hewashappy_______________(看到父母很健康).3)_______________(看到父母安然无恙),heissuedasighofrelief.4)_______________(跟随着它的脚印),thezoologistsspottedthehungrypanda.5)Thepop,_______________(后面跟着两个保镖),cametomeethisfans.11.名词从句1)_______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南)isstillasecret.2)_______________(最让我不解的)wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.3)_______________(这么做是故意的)becameobvious.4)Itisnotclearyet_______________(谁应该为这件事负责).5)Itisnoneofyourbusiness_______________(玛丽与谁订婚).6)Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss’attentionbydemonstrating___________(为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选).（2008.12.86）7)Don’tputofftilltomorrow_______________(今天能做的事).8)Thisnovelisjust_______________(我一直在寻找的).9)Itisnotyetknown_______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).10)_______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物)isnotcleartome.11)Mymainproblemrightnowis_______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).12)Italldependson_______________(他们是否会支持我们).13)Youhaveyettoanswermyquestion_______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).14)Finally,theworkersgotananswer_______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).15)Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty_______________(主席会同意他的提议).12.定语从句1)Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,_______________ (更别提我们所花费的大量金钱了).（2007.6.85）2)Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose______________(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.（2008.6.82）3)Everydaymanytouristscometovisit_______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).4)Theoldladydied_______________(在她儿子到达的那天).5)Thisis_______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).6)LetABCbe_______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).7)Someoftheroadswereflooded,_______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).8)Heintroducedmetohisstudents,_______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).9)_______________(众所周知),waterisaliquid.13.状语从句1)_______________(不管我们谈论什么),Jimbringspolitiesintothediscussion.2)_______________(不管哪一方获胜),Ishallbesatisfied.3)_______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他),thecomedianalwayshadaquick,sharpreply.4)Weclimbedhigh_______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).5)Theproblemsoverycomplicated_______________(花了我们两个周才解决).

1011)Youcangoout_______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).2)Irememberthewholething_______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).14.比较级最高级1)Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation，(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了)（2007.12.83）2)Olderadultswhohaveahighlevelofdailyactivitieshavemoreenergyand___________(与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低).（2008.12.85）3)Doesshedance_______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?4)Thebuildingslook_______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).5)Thisis_______________(他画的最好的画之一).6)Thehigheryouclimb,_______________(空气就越稀薄).15.强调句1)_______________(正是Jefferson写下了)theDeclarationofIndependence.2)_______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praisesallthatisprogressive.3)________________________(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.（2006.12.76）4)_______________(正是因为水涨了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver.5)_______________(人们听见正是Jim这个无情的家伙)shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.6)_______________(直到我告诉她)Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.16.固定搭配1)Wehavetoaccounttoouremployer_______________（我们出差过程中所花的每一笔钱）.2)Youcanapplythisprinciple_______________（你将从事的任何一项事业）.3)Heisnowaccustomed_______________（被称为“大城市里来的文明人”）.4)Hehadbeenaddicted_______________（打网络游戏长达三年）beforehecommittedthecrimeandwasputintoprison.5)Ihavebeenfedup_______________（这儿令人厌烦的日常例行事务和沉闷的工作气氛）.17.搭配准确经常收集搭配1）adj.+n.显著的进步remarkable/strikingprogress巨大的损失substantialloss拥堵的交通heavytraffic2）v.+n.达到目的achieveone’send/attainone’sgoal获取知识acquireknowledge传播疾病transmitdiseases3）v.+prep.剥夺deprivesb.ofsth.

102充斥befloodedwith…4）v.+adv.大幅度地增长expanddramatically八、汉译英专项练习答案及解析1.虚拟语气1)followedmyadvice,youwouldnothavebeenintrouble（考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）2)IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim（考点：同上）3)ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted（考点：同上）4)Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow（考点：在非真实条件句中与将来的事实可能相反时从句的谓语形式）（非真实条件句中主从句在不同时间的谓语形式：从句主句过去haddonewould(最常用)/should(跟在第一人称后)/could(表示“能够”)/might(表示“可能”)havedone现在did/werewould(最常用)/should(跟在第一人称后)/could(表示“能够”)/might(表示“可能”)do将来did/shoulddo/weretodowould(最常用)/should(跟在第一人称后)/could(表示“能够”)/might(表示“可能”)do）5)Ifithadrained,thegroundwouldbewet（考点：错综时间条件句。在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）6)IfIhadbeenlivinginNewYork（考点：同上）7)hewouldbedeadnow（考点：同上）8)ourcommunicationcouldn't/wouldn'tbesofastandconvenient（考点：含蓄虚拟条件句。butfor经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）9)wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice（考点：同上）10)orshewould/shouldhaveansweredit/repliedlastweek（考点：同上。or也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）11)otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion（考点：同上。otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）12)Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation（考点：省略if的非真实条件句。在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词，可以省去if，采用部分倒装的形式来表示条件）13)thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier（考点：同上）

1031)thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy（考点：同上）2)Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）3)（should）notbeaddictedtocomputergames（考点：同上）4)moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）5)they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）6)themid-termexams(should)becanceled（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等]7)we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining（考点：在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.shoulddo”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等）8)everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency（考点：同上）9)shouldbedeprivedoftherighttoeducation/shouldbedeniedtherighttoeducation（考点：同上）10)(should)deprivechildrenoftheirfreedom（考点：同上）11)IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung（考点：Iwish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望。）（Iwish之后的从句谓语形式与非真实条件句中从句变法一致。）12)hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable（考点：Ifonly引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与Iwish…基本相同）13)painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations（考点：wouldrather后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）14)measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams（考点：It’s(about/high)time后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”）15)asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly

104（考点：asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）1)lestheshouldawakenthebaby（考点：lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.shoulddo的形式表示虚拟）2.倒装句1)Notuntilthedeadlinedidhesend（考点：Notuntil结构及否定词位于句首的倒装）2)shouldhelietothecourt（考点：否定词组undernocircumstances位于句首的倒装）3)wouldhebreak/gobackonhispromisetoreturnthemoney（考点：同上）4)havetheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother（考点：否定词never位于句首的倒装）5)whenaknockatthedoorawakenedher（考点：Scarcely…when…结构及否定词位于句首的倒装）6)thanshefellill（考点：Nosooner…than…结构及否定词位于句首的倒装）7)Nordidthewifesayawordofwelcome.（考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不……”及否定词位于句首的倒装）（放在句首后面接倒装语序的否定词或词组通常有no,not,never,seldom,rarely,hardly,little,notuntil,onnooccasion,innocase,undernocircumstances,atnotime,onnoaccount等）8)does/canhefeelsafeandrelaxed（考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）9)didIrealizethatreadingcannotbeneglected（考点：同上）10)didthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededsurgery（考点：同上）11)canweconcludethebusiness（考点：同上）3.倍数增减的表示法1)is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN2（考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than）2)reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone（考点：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as）3)is49timesthesizeofthemoon（考点：倍数+名词）4)wantstoraisetherentbyathird（考点：动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数）5)plantodoubletheirinvestment（考点：double+名词）

1054.时态1)havedrawnconsiderablepublicattentioninthepastdecades（考点：现在完成时）2)ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch（考点：将来完成时）3)thechildrenhadfallenasleep（考点：过去完成时）4)mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside（考点：将来进行时）5)havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning（考点：现在完成进行时）6)No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday（考点：Ithasbeen…sincesb.didsth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）7)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years（考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）5.被动语态1)isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）2)willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）3)canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork（考点：1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态）4)Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated（考点：同“3”的考点2）5)Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）6.情态动词1)butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome（考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t表示“一定不”）2)Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday（考点：“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）3)Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible（考点：同上）4)Imusthaveleftitsomewhere（考点：同上）5)somebodymustbespeakingillofthem（考点：搭配及情态动词表示对现在发生的动作的主观判断）6)Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony（考点：“情态动词should/oughtto+havedone”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）

1061)Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty（考点：“情态动词needn’t+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”）2)couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson（考点：“情态动词could+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“本可以”，“本能够”）7.不定式1)tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months（考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）2)forustohaveagoodnight’ssleepbeforethetest（考点：有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary,important,possible,impossible,allright,essential等）3)ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea（考点：有时用“介词of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等）4)nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass（考点：1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）（能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford,agree,aim,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,contrive,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish）5)Theironly/singlesonhasneverattempted/contrived（考点：同上）6)whethertovisittheirsoninFrance（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等）7)knowwhichwaytotakebyinstinct/instinctively（考点：同上）8)warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon（考点：不定式作宾语补语）9)invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart（考点：同上）10)wereadvisednottogotravelinginthatcountryforthepresent（考点：同上）（能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,informinvite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,

107remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to）1)tobethechairmanofstudents’unioninsolargeauniversity（考点：动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）2)ithardtoresistthetemptationoficecream（考点：搭配，不定式作宾语及it作形式宾语）3)toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice（考点：不定式作定语）（不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等）4)ruinedourplantoshowthefilmintheopenair（考点：同上）5)thedecisiontobuildanuclearpowerstationinthesuburbs（考点：同上）6)Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace（考点：由only,last,next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）7)onlytodropitontheirownfeet（考点：不定式作结果状语）8)tomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage（考点：不定式作原因状语）9)tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime（考点：1.不定式作原因状语；2.不定式的完成时）10)havecompleted/finishedherchemicalexperiment（考点：1.不定式作主语补语；2.不定式的完成时）11)tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin（考点：不定式的进行式）12)tobetreatedasaguest（考点：不定式的被动形式）13)gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks（考点：不带to的不定式）14)butplaybridgethewholeday（考点：同上）15)towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroom（考点：当动词see,make,hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）8.分词1)watchedherwoundedsonbeingsentintotheoperatingroom（考点：分词作宾语补语）（catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）2)competingformarketshareswithforeigncompanies（考点：同上）

1081)“Happybirthdaytoyou”sunginItalian（考点：同上）2)parkedinthefirelane（考点：分词作定语）3)killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople（考点：分词作结果状语）4)raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent（考点：同上）5)tryingtodeduceitsoperatingprinciple（考点：分词作伴随状语）6)Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook（考点：分词作原因状语）7)Deeplymovedbytheboy’sdeeds（考点：同上）8)Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend（考点：分词作方式状语）9)Nothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtime（考点：1.分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）9．动名词1)Takingacoldbatheveryday（考点：动名词作主语）2)Keepingasenseofhumorhelps（考点：同上）3)makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidn’tliketodo（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：acknowledge,admit,advise,advocate,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,evade,excuse,fancy,finish,grudge,can’thelp,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,can’tstand,stop,suggest）4)gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）5)neverconsideredworkingasapromoter或neverthoughtoftakingthejobofapromoter（考点：同3或4）6)himoutofbuyingacar（考点：搭配talksb.outofdoingsth.和动名词作介词宾语）7)cryingoverspilledmilk（考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：beworth,havedifficulty(in),itbenogood/use/worthwhile,therebenoneed/nopointin,how/whatabout,what’sthepointof,what’stheuseof）8)havingpeekedathisneighbor’stestpaper（考点：动名词的完成式）9)beingpromotedtomanager

109（考点：动名词的被动式）10.非谓语动词用法区别1)workingveryhard.（考点：mean表示“意味着”）2)todrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown（考点：mean表示“打算”）（类似需要区别的动词还有forget,remember,regret,goon,stop等）3)talkingtohismother（考点：强调正在进行）4)talktohismotherforanhour（考点：强调整个过程）5)onlytobreakhisownleg（考点：意料之外的结果）6)breakinghislegs（考点：意料之中的结果）7)toseehisparentsingoodhealth（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）8)Seeinghisparentssafeandsound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）9)Followingitsfootprints（考点：现在分词强调主动）10)followedbytwobodyguards（考点：过去分词强调被动）11.名词从句1)WhytheylefttheirhometownforYunnan（考点：主语从句）2)Whatconfusedmemost（考点：同上）3)Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose（考点：同上）4)whoshouldberesponsibleforthismatter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）5)whomMaryisengagedto（考点：同上）6)whyyouarethebestcandidateforaparticularposition（考点：宾语从句）7)whatcanbedonetoday（考点：宾语从句）8)whatIhavebeenlookingfor（考点：表语从句）9)whether/ifrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision（考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句）

1101)Whethershelikesthepresent（考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）2)whetherIshouldaskforanotherloan（考点：whether引导表语从句）3)whethertheywillsupportus（考点：whether引导宾语从句）4)whetherIcancountonyourvote（考点：whether引导同位语从句）（9-12中的whether不可以替换为if）5)thattheGovernmentcoulddonothingtoraisetheirwages（考点：同位语从句）6)thatthechairmanwouldagreetothisproposal（考点：同上）12.定语从句1)nottomentionthelargeamountsofmoneywehavespent(考点：nottomention和定语从句)2)whohavedevotedtheirwholelifetopoetry(考点：搭配devote…to和定语从句；答案也可以是devotingtheirwholelifetopoetry)3)thehousewhereLuXunwasborn（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）4)onthedaywhenhissonarrived（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）5)thereasonwhyIaminfavorofthisreform（考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）6)atrianglewhosethreesidesareofunequallength（考点：whose引导的定语从句）7)whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult（考点：非限制性定语从句）8)mostofwhomwereEnglishmajors（考点：同上）9)Asisknowntoall（考点：as引导的定语从句）13.状语从句1)Whateverwetalkabout（考点：让步状语从句）2)Whicheversidewins（考点：同上）3)Howeverhardsomepeopleintheaudiencetriedtoupsethim（考点：同上）4)sothatwemightgetabetterview（考点：目的状语从句）5)thatittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveit

111（考点：结果状语从句）1)aslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11atnight（考点：条件状语从句）2)asifithappenedyesterday（考点：方式状语从句）14.比较级最高级1)nothingismorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor（考点：比较级）2)alowerdeathratecomparedwith/incomparisonwiththoselessactive（考点：比较级；搭配comparedwith/incomparisonwith）3)asgracefullyashersister（考点：同级比较）4)faruglierinLondonthanhere（考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）5)oneofthebestpicturesthathehaseverpainted（考点：最高级）6)thethinnertheairbecomes（考点：“越……越……”结构）15.强调句1)ItwasJeffersonwhowrote（考点：强调主语）2)Itiswithgenuinefeelingthattheauthor（考点：强调状语）3)Itwasnotuntilthedeadlinethathesent（考点：强调状语；该题也可以用倒装结构）4)Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthat（考点：强调状语从句）5)ItwasJim,theheartlessfellow,whowasheard（考点：强调主语）6)ItwasnotuntilItoldherthat（考点：强调状语从句）16.固定搭配1)foreachsumofmoneywespendduringourbusinesstrips.（考点：accounttosb.forsth.向某人解释某物）2)toanycausethatyouaregoingtobeengagedin（考点：apply…to…将……应用于……）3)tobeingcalled“thecivilizedpersonfromthebigcity”（考点：beaccustomedto…习惯于……）4)toplayinggamesontheInternetforaslongasthreeyears（考点：beaddictedto…沉溺于……）

1121)withtheboringdailyroutineanddullworkingatmospherehere.（考点：befedupwith…受够了……）（重要的搭配还有很多，如becapableof,comeupwith,copewith,dispensewith,disposeof,feellike,forthesakeof,giveriseto,gobackon,inaccordancewith,infavorof,inviewof,insteadof,lookforwardto,makeafussover,nomatter,nowonder,putupwith,seetoitthat,takeadvantageof,usedto等等）九、模拟试题Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.(一)1.Hetoldmethathardly______________(他一到家她就抱怨起来)。　　2.Itisrecommended_________________(在做好所有准备之前这个项目是不会开始的)。　　3.Afirmsuccess___________________(取决于他的工作者的效率)。　　4.ThegrandeurofthegrandCanyon________________(吸引了来自世界各地的游客)。　　5.Elizabethhadsomejewelry______________(从她外婆那里继承来的)。　　(二)1.Itwasessential___________________(在截止日期前寄回申请表)。　　2.IwenttoseeWilliam,__________________(结果发现他前两天已经走了)。　3.Heflatlycontradictedhiswife’saccusation____________________(他太懒而不愿意工作)。4.Thereactionoftheaudiencewasinstantaneous;nosooner____________________(讲演刚结束，听众就爆发了热烈的掌声)。　　5.Shoulditrains,____________________(农作物就得救了)。(三)1.Joewasexpelledfromschool____________________(因为作弊)。　　2.It’shightime___________________(把我们的注意力放在这个问题上)。　　3.Theprisonerhasbeen______________________(被剥夺了许多普通公民应有的权利)。　　4.Withoutyourhelp,________________(我们不会有那么快的进步)。　　5.Inretrospect,themeeting_________________(比我们想象的还要成功)。　　(四)1.Itisimperative___________________________(你亲自去那里)。　　2.Onlyinthisway____________________(我们能够准时到达目的地)。　　3.Tooursurprise,he_________________(把所有钱花在建设这所医院上)。　　4.Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,_____________________(很多关于太空飞行的问题不能解决了)。　　5.Insteadofbyforce,he___________________(靠说服力赢得他们的支持)。　　(五)1.Thegovernmentisbeing

113criticized__________________(对公众隐瞒真相)。　　2.Weareconvinced______________________(只要我们努力就能达到目标)。　　3.Butforthefog,_________________(我们已经到达我们的目的地了)。　　4.Mybossoften__________________(提醒我要利用一切机会提高自己的交际能力)。　　5.Theteacherfeltunhappybecause________________(新的教学楼何时建好还是个问题)。　　(六)1.Ithasbecameanewpolicythat___________________(这个部门领导的职位每年轮换一次)。　　2._____________________(第一次来这里的普通游客也许看不出差别),butthestaffmembersknowit.　　3.Wegetnewsthat________________________(凡是想参加这次旅游的人都必须先订机票)。　　4.Theydidn’ttalkmuch_________________(害怕别人听到了)。　　5.Thestylistconfessedthat_________________(这项工程预计约耗时三至四年)。　(七)1.Afterthinkingforawhileday,________________(他宁愿保持中立而不愿意站在任何一方)。　　2.______________________(既然我们无法测出噪音的增减量),weneverknowtowhatdangerweareencountered.　　3.Thelightofthecarwaslight,_______________________(但无论是父亲还是孩子都不在车里)。　　4.Shealwayswentshoppinginaremotesupermarket____________________(这样一来她就不会经常碰到自己的同事了)。　　5.Itishopedthat____________________________(到新的工作岗位他的才干能得到比以往更好的发挥)。　　(八)1.Shefeltdepressedbecause________________________(她充分意识到孩子们再也回不来了)。　　2.Itisquitestrangethat______________________(无论他说什么、做什么都被认为是对的)。　　3._________________________(化学老师从学生中随便叫了几个人)andaskedthemtohelphimdotheexperiment.　　4.Havinglivedinthesouthformanyyears,________________________(一些人却仍然不适应那里既炎热又潮湿的天气)。　　5.Notbeforeinourhistory______________________(这么多强烈的影响共同导致产生这样的的灾难)。(九)1.Peopleinsomebigcitiesarehighlymobile,____________________(因此很多人发现很难彼此深交)。　　2.Myfriendwarnedme________________________(不要把钥匙留在车上，已经发生了多起偷车里东西的事件)。　　3.Itisaparadoxthat

114____________________(如此富裕的国度居然生活着这么多贫穷的人民)。　　4.Afteralongdiscussion,theworkershavefinally___________________(达成一致，决定罢工应再持续两天)。　　5.Thehousewasonfirenow,__________________(但那个小伙子在救那个小男孩时表现出了极大的勇气)。　　(十)1.Herfriendsallfelt___________________(她自从迁居南方做生意后就变得精于世道了)。　　2._________________________(最后一个学生做完练习时已经很晚了)，andweweredismissedimmediately.　　3.__________________________(尽管他们赞同推迟会议的意见)，theydidn’tdaretospeakoutpublicly.　　4.__________________________(她一遍一遍地大声读这篇文章)untilfinallyshelearnitbyheart.　　5.Peopleherestillkeeptheirlifestyletoday_____________________(殊不知他们的习惯对自己和后代都有害)。十、模拟试题参考答案　　(一)　　1.hadhereturnedhomewhenshestartedcomplaining　　2.thattheproject(should)notbestarteduntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade　　3.dependsonitsworkers’sefficiency　　4.draestouristsfromallovertheworld　　5.whichhadbeenhandedonfromhergrandmother　　(二)　　1.thattheapplicationformsbesentbackbeforethedeadline　　2.onlytolearnthathehadlefttwodaysbefore　　3.thathewastoolazytowork　　4.hadthespeakerfinishedthantheaudienceburstintoapplause　　5.thecropswouldbesaved　　(三)　　1.forcheatinginhisexams　　2.weturnedourattentiontothisproblem　　3.deprivedofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy　　4.wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress　　5.wasmoresuccessfulthanwehadimagined　　(四)　　1.thatyou(should)bethereinperson　　2.canwearriveatthedestinationontime　　3.spentallhismoneyonbuildingthishospital　　4.manyproblemsofspaceflightcouldnothavebeensolved　　5.wontheirsupportby

115persuasion　　(五)　　1.forhidingthetruthfromthepublic　　2.thatwecanachieveourgoalaslongadwetryhard　　3.weshouldhavereachedourdestination　　4.remindsmetoavailmyselfofeverychancetoimprovemycommunicativeability　　5.itremainedaquestionwhenthenewclassroombuildingwouldbecompleted　　(六)　　1.theleadershipofthisdepartmentrotatesannually　　2.Ordinaryvisitorswhocomehereforthefirsttimeprobablywon’tnoticethedifference　　3.peoplewhowishtogoonthetourmustbookplaneticketsfirst　　4.forfearthatothersmightheartheirsecrets　　5.theprojectbeexpectedtotakethreetofouryears　　(七)　　1.hepreferredbeingneutraltotakingsides　　2.Sincewecannotmeasuretheincreaseordecreaseofnoise　　3.butneitherthefathernorhischildrenwereinthecar　　4.sothatshewould’toftenmeetherowncolleagues　　5.inthenewjobhistalentswillbebetterutilizedthanbefore　　(八)　　1.shewaswellawarethatherchildrenwouldneverreturned　　2.whateverhesaysandwhateverhedoesarealwaysconsideredtoberight　　3.thechemicalteacherpickedseveralstudentsatrandom　　4.somepeoplestillcan’tadapttothehotandhumidweather　　5.havesomanystronginfluencesunitedtoproductsuchalargedisaster　　(九)　　1.andthereforemanyfinditdifficulttobecamedeeplyinvolvedwitheachother　　2.nottoleavemycarunlockedastherehadbeenlotsofstealingfromcars　　3.sucharichcountryshouldhavesomanypoorpeoplelivinginit　　4.reachedthedecisionthattheyshouldholdontheirstrikefortwomoredays　　5.buttheyoungmandemonstratedgreatcouragesavingthelittleboy　　(十)　　1.hehasbecomesophisticatedsinceshewenttoliveinthesouthanddidbusinessthere　　2.Itwasverylatewhenthelaststudentfinishedtheexercises　　3.Everiftheywereinfavoroftheideaofpostponingthemeeting　　4.shereadthearticlealoudagainandagain　　5.withoutknowingthattheirhabitsaredoingharmtothemselvesandtheiroffspring

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