六级新题型翻译汇总练习

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六级新题型翻译汇总练习　　尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(thespiritofesteemingvirtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。译文：AlthoughancientChinesemythologydoesnothaverelativelycompleteplotandmythologicalfiguresdon'thavesystematicgenealogy,theyhavedistinctfeaturesoforientalculture,amongwhichthespiritofesteemingvirtueisparticularlysignificant.WhencomparedwithWesternmythology,especiallyGreekmythology,thisspiritofesteemingvirtueisevenmoreprominent.InWesternmythology,especiallyGreekmythology,thecriteriaforjudgingwhetheragodisgoodornotaremostlythegod'swisdomandstrength,whileinancientChinesemythology,thecriterionliesinmorality.ThiswayofthinkingisdeeplyrootedinChineseculture.Forthousandsofyears,thisspiritofesteemingvirtuehasaffectedpeople'scommentsonhistoricalfiguresandexpectationsofrealpeople.2.敬茶礼仪当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并时带微笑。当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。品茶时，讲究小口品饮，其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容，不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重,也能体现自己的修养(self-cultivation)。　　Nowadays,offeringteatoguestshasbecomecommonetiquetteindailysocialinteractionandfamilylife.Asthesayinggoes,whitespirit,

1fullcup;tea,halfcup.Teacupshouldbeheldontherighthandandofferedtoguestswithasmilefromtheirrightside.Ofcourse,theguestsshouldpayrespectaswell,takingoverthecupwithbothhandsandnoddingtoexpresshisthanks.Whentastingtea,youshoulddrinkitinsmallsips,thebeautyandfunofwhichisbeyondwords.Inaddition,youcouldpraisetheteaoftheownerappropriately.Inshort,offeringteaisadailyritualofChinesepeoplewhenreceivingguestsanditisalsopartofsocialinteraction.Itcannotonlyshowrespecttoguestsandfriends,butalsoreflectyourself-cultivation.　　1.敬茶:可以理解为“献茶”，故译为offertea。　　2.俗话说:可译为asthesayinggoes,固定译法。　　3.酒满茶半:可译为whitespirit，fullcup;tea，halfcup。在中国的餐桌文化里，酒要倒满，而茶要倒半杯。　　4.以礼还礼:可译为payrespectaswell。　　5.讲究小口品饮:即drinkitinsmallsips。其中，sip作名词，意为“小口喝”;也可以作动词，例如Mikesippedhisdrinkquickly.(迈克快速地喝了一小口饮料。)词组takeasip表示“喝一小口，抿一口。”　　6.日常礼节:可译为dailyritual。7.对客人、朋友的尊重:可译为动词词组，即showrespecttoguestsandfriends。3.景德镇瓷器　　景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的“千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blueandwhiteporcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(People'sPorcelain

2Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。　　Jingdezhen，locatedinthenortheastofJiangxiProvince，isfamousforporcelainandishonoredas“homeofporcelainforthousandsofyears”inChina.AmongdifferenttypesofporcelainproducedinJingdezhen，blueandwhiteporcelainisthemostrenowned.BlueandwhiteporcelainreacheditspeakintheQingDynasty.BlueandwhiteporcelainfromJingdezhenrankedfirstforitsfineproduction.AfternewChinawasfounded,People'sPorcelainFactorywassetupinJingdezhentoproduceblueandwhiteporcelainspecially.BlueandwhiteporcelainfromJingdezheniselegantlyshaped，richincoloranddelicatelydecorated.ItisoneofthefourfamoustraditionaltypesofporcelaininJingdezhen,andenjoysthereputationof“ever-greenblueandwhiteporcelain”.Blueandwhiteporcelainhasbeensoldtocountriesallovertheworldandislikedbypeoplearoundtheworld.词汇详解：　　1.位于:可译为belocatedin,也可用liein或besituatedin等来表达。　　2.被誉为:可译为behonoredas，也可译为bepraisedas。　　3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期:本句可以理解为“青花瓷在清代达到顶峰”，其中“达到顶峰”可以用reachitspeak表达。　　4.专门生产:其中“专门”可译为specially。　　5.色彩約丽:即“色彩丰富”，可译为richincolor，也可以用形容词colorful表达。　　6.永不凋谢的:可以理解为“常青的”，即ever-green。4.丁克家庭　　中国有一句俗语叫做“不孝有三，无后为大”

3。但现在，很多时尚的年轻夫妇选择不生育孩子的生活方式，组建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻担心无法给孩子提供优越的生活条件，选择成为丁克家庭。现在，孩子的教育费用比过去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一点的幼儿园要花费巨资，重点中小学的学费更高。还有一些夫妻成为丁克家庭是迫不得已。当他们做好准备生育孩子时，已经错过了最佳生育年龄。　　Apopularsayinghasitthat“Therearethreeformsofunfilialconduct,ofwhichtheworstistohavenodescendants.”Butnow,itisquitefashionableformanyyoungcouplestochoosealifestylewithoutkidsandorganizetheDINKfamily.SomecoupleswhochooseDINKfamilyarefearfulthattheycannotprovidefavourablelivingconditionsforchildren.Nowadays,thecostofeducatingachildismuchhigherthanthatofthepast.Inabigcity,tosendachildtoabetterkindergartentakesalargeamountofmoneyandthekeyprimaryorsecondaryschoolsareevenmoreexpensive.SomecoupleswhohavechosenDINKfamilyareobligedtodoso.Whentheymakepreparationsforhavingababy,itisapitythattheyhavemissedthemostfertileyears.翻译词汇：不孝有三，无后为大。Therearethreeformsofunfilialconduct,ofwhichtheworstistohavenodescendants.时尚的fashionable生活方式lifestyle丁克家庭DINKfamily担心fearful优越的favourable重点中小学thekeyprimaryorsecondaryschool迫不得已beobligedtodosth.做好准备makepreparationsfor5.赡养父母　　在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人提供生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。　　Inextendedfamilies,theoldermembers’opinionsarerespected,andtheyoungestmembersarelovedandtakengoodcareofbyall.China’sConstitutionstipulatesthatgrown-up　childrenareduty-boundtosupporttheirparents.Inthecities,coupleswhodonotlivewiththeiragedparentsofferthemlivingallowances

4andhelpthemwiththechores.Inthecountryside,thoughquiteanumberofextendedfamilieshavedissolved,manymarriedsonsandtheirfamiliescontinuetoliveinthesamecourtyardwiththeirparents.Tothem,breakingupthe　extendedfamilymeansonlycookingtheirmealsseparately.Mostoftentheyhavetheirhousesbuiltneartheirparents’home,makingitconvenientforparentsandchildrentohelpandvisiteachotherasbefore.　　翻译词汇：大家庭extendedfamily宪法Constitution规定stipulate　　义不容辞的责任duty-bound生活费livingallowance家务活chore　　解体dissolve分家breakinguptheextendedfamily　　分灶cooktheirmealsseparately6.歌谣和神话　　远在文字出现之前，歌谣跟口头流传的神话就已大量产生。中国的文学正是开始于此。不过，歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的方式，因此也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从一些古书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定出处的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。　　翻译词汇：歌谣ballad随兴而发improvise　痕迹trace推断deduce　　年代非常久远的time-honored伪托derivative《诗经》TheBookofSongs　　Longbeforetheemergenceofthewrittenword,balladsandmyths,passedaroundbywordofmouth,werewidelypopular.Chineseliteraturefindsitsoriginsinthesetraditions.However,balladswerewhatpeopleimprovisedoutofdailylife,andduetolackofmeanstorecordandpreservetheminancienttimes,theyquicklydisappearedwithoutleavingmuchofatrace.Today,wecanonlydeducetheirexistencefromancientbooks,whichrecordedsometime-honoredballads,thoughmostofthesearebelievedtobederivativesoflatergenerations.BalladsinTheBook

5ofSongsaretheearliestwritingsthatcanbedated.Fromthispointofview,ancientmythologyhashadagreaterinfluenceonChineseliterature.7.长安，今称西安，是唐朝的都城。唐朝时期的长安约比今天的西安大11倍，是具有国际声誉的大都市(metropolis)。长安的街道和住宅设计得像一个棋盘，东西布局整洁、匀称。长安城内，很多街道的宽度都超过了100米。长安也是当时中国的文化中心，有丰富多样的娱乐活动，如音乐、舞蹈、斗鸡(cockfighting)等。很多日本和朝鲜的学生纷纷来到长安学习，中亚的商人经丝绸之路(theSilkRoad)聚集在此。长安城约100万人口之中，外国人就超过了1万户。　　Chang'an,nowcalledXi'an,wasthecapitalcityoftheTangDynasty.DuringtheTangDynasty,Chang'anwasnearlyeleventimesaslargeastoday'sXi'an，andwasametropoliswithaninternationalreputation.ThestreetsandresidencesofChang'anweredesignedlikeachessboard,withneatandwell-proportionedlayoutoftheeastandwest.Lotsofstreetsandavenuesinsidethecitywereover100meterswide.Chang'anwasalsotheculturalcenterofChinaatthattime，withrichandcolorfulentertainmentactivitiessuchasmusic,dancing,cockfighting,etc.ManystudentsfromJapanandKoreacametostudyinChang'an,andmerchantsfromCentralAsiawentalongtheSilkRoadtogatherthere.AmongthepopulationofaboutonemillioninChang'an,thereweremorethan10,000foreignhouseholds.8.　一想到中国，人们脑海中闪现的第一件事便是丝绸。中国是丝绸的发源地，今天仍在生产一些世界上最好的丝绸。在中国，探索丝绸奥妙最好的地方是苏州。正是在那里，诞生了第一批丝绣(silkembroidery)，如今苏州仍在生产中国最好的丝绸。丝绸可以用合成纤维(syntheticfibre)和人造纤维等制成，但最优质的丝绸是由桑蚕丝(mulberrysilk)制成的。桑蚕(silkworm)纯粹以桑叶喂食。苏州丝绸可以制成很多产品，最常见的是衣服和围巾，但也能做成鞋、餐巾、玩具，甚至风筝。　　WhenpeoplethinkofChina,silkisthefirstthingthatpopsintotheirmind.Chinaisthebirthplaceofsilk,andstillproducessomeofthefinestsilkintheworld.InChina,thebestplacetodiscoverthewonderofsilkisthecityofSuzhou.Itwastherethatsomeofthefirstsilkembroiderieswereborn,andSuzhouisstillproducingthebestsilksinChina.Silkcanbeproducedfromsyntheticfibreandartificialfibre,etc.,butthefinestqualitysilkismadefrommulberrysilk.The

6silkwormsarefedpurelyonmulberryleaves.SuzhouSilkcanbemadeintoagreatmanyproducts,themostcommonlybeingclothingandscarves,anditcanbemadeintoshoes,napkin,toys,andevenkitesaswell.9.　　明朝(theMingDynasty)初期,中国是世界上最发达的国家之一。为了弘扬国力、加强与其他各国的联系,明成祖多次派遣郑和出使西洋。1405年,郑和开始了第一次航行。他的舰队由200多艘船构成,所载人数超过2万人,包括水手、军人、技术人员、译员等,还有大量黄金和丝绸,用于交易和作为礼品。往返用了两年时间。郑和出使的一些国家随船派遣使者(envoy),并带来向明朝进贡的贡品(tribute)。郑和下西洋是世界航海史上的一大壮举(feat)。今天,东南亚仍有很多纪念郑和的建筑。IntheearlyMingDynasty,Chinawasoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Inordertotransmititsnationalpowerandstrengthencontactswithothercountries,EmperorChengzusentZhengHetotheWesternOceanmanytimes.In1405,ZhengHeembarkedonhisfirstvoyage.Hisfleetwascomposedofmorethan200shipsandcarriedover20,000men,includingsailors,soldiers,technicalpersonnel,interpretersetc.,andlargeamountsofgoldandsilktobeusedfortradeandasgifts.Theroundtriptooktwoyears.SomeofthecountriesZhengHevisiteddispatchedenvoysbearingtributestotheMingcourtonhisships.ZhengHe'svoyageswereagreatfeatintheworld'snavigationhistory.Today,therearestillmanybuildingsinSoutheastAsiadedicatedtohismemory.10.自隋朝起,封建政府开始从科举考试(imperialexamination)合格的应试者中选拔官员。参加科举考试的人有两种:一种由学馆选送的学生构成,叫做生徒(shengtu);另一种叫做乡贡(xianggong),由县试合格者构成。唐朝的科举考试一般由礼部(MinistryofRites)主持。考生考取后,再经吏部(MinistryofPersonnel)复试,根据成绩授予相应的官职。科举制度一直被多朝沿用,直到中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝。然而,明清时期,科举制度演变成严格、呆板的制度,阻碍了中国考试制度的现代化和科学化发展。　　SincetheSuiDynasty,thefeudalgovernmentstartedtoselectofficialsfromthequalifiedcandidatesintheimperialexaminations.Thereweretwokindsofpeopletakingtheimperialexamination.Onewascomprisedofstudentschosenbyacademies,whowerecalledshengtu;theotherkind,calledxianggong,wasmadeupofthosewhohadpassedtheexaminationsheldbycounties.Theimperialexaminationinthe

7TangDynastywasusuallyheldbytheMinistryofRites.Thosewhopassedtheexaminationwouldbere-examinedbytheMinistryofPersonnelandbeconferredwithrelevantofficialpositionsaccordingtotheirexaminationresults.TheimperialexaminationsystemwasusedthroughoutmanydynastiesuntilChina'slastimperialdynasty,theQingDynasty.However,duringtheMingandQingDynasties,theimperialexaminationsystembecameastrictandrigidinstitutionwhichstoppedChinafromadoptingmodernandscientificmethods.11.诸葛亮是中国古代杰出的政治家，军事家。作为遁世(recluse)之人,诸葛亮致力于学习知识，其智慧之名广为流传。刘备曾三顾茅庐，请求诸葛亮相助。诸葛亮为刘备详细分析局势，建议刘备与孙权联手对抗曹操。刘备采纳了他的建议，在赤壁之战(BattleoftheRedCliff)中挫败曹操、称帝后不久，刘备去世。临终时，刘备代表儿子刘婵将蜀国江山托付给诸葛亮。诸葛亮对内广泛推行改革，纳贤臣，提高农业生产，加强灌溉工程，强调军队纪律，很快就帮蜀国克服重重危机。　　ZhugeLiangwasabrilliantpoliticianandstrategistinancientChina.Beingarecluse,ZhugeLiangdevotedhimselftoacquiringknowledge,andhisreputationofwisdomspreadwidely.LiuBeioncevisitedZhugeLiangthreetimestoaskforhisassistance.ZhugeLianganalyzedthesituationindetailforLiuBei,andrecommendedthatheandSunQuanshouldfightagainstCaoCaohandinhand.LiuBeiadoptedhissuggestionanddefeatedCaoCaointheBattleoftheRedCliff.NotlongafterbeingtheemperorofShu,LiuBeipassedaway.BeforeLiuBeidied,heentrustedthestatepowerofShutoZhugeLiangonbehalfofhisson,LiuShan.ZhugeLiangcarriedoutwidespreaddomesticreforms,employingpeoplewithability,improvingagriculturalproductionandconstructionofirrigationworks,andstressingdisciplineinthearmy，whichhelpedShuovercomeaseriesofcrisessoon.12.嫦娥奔月(chang'eFlyingtotheMoon)是中国古代的美丽传说。嫦娥是英雄人物后羿的妻子。在中国，嫦娥意味着月亮。源自对嫦娥的联想，中华民族对月亮有着特殊的情感，这甚至影响了中国的方方面面。了解嫦娥的遭遇后，人们在月下设香案(incenseburnertable),祈求嫦娥幸运、平安。因此，中秋节拜月亮的习俗在民间非常流行。后来人们还创作了其他与月亮有关的传说，如吴刚伐树、玉兔捣药。另外人们也喜欢在月饼上刻上这些故事的有趣图案。

8　　ThelegendChang'eFlyingtotheMoonisabeautifultaleofancientChina.Chang'ewasthewifeofthelegendaryheroHouYi.InChina,Chang'emeansthemoon,andtheChinesenationhasalwayshadspecialemotiontowardsthemoonderivedfromtheassociationsofChang'e,whichhaseveninfluencedthenationinallaspects.WhengettingtoknowwhathappenedtoChang'e,commonpeopleofthattimeputtheirincenseburnertablesunderthemoonandprayedforluckandsafetytothekindlady.So,thecustomofworshipingthemoonontheMid-AutumnFestivalisquitepopularamongfolks.Later,otherlegendsaboutthemoon,suchasWuGangChoppingTreesandMoonRabbitGrindingMedicine,werecreated.Inaddition,peoplealsoliketomakeinterestingpatternsofthesetalesonmooncakes.13.几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。　　TheChinesedreamhasbeenenrichedbythousandsofyearsofChinesecultureandinspiredamongotherthingsbythepastthreedecadesofreformandopening-up.ThemostnoticeablefeaturesoftheChinesedreamincludeinclusivenessandwin-wincooperation.ThesearetheveryfeaturesthatwillenabletheChinesedreamtoexpanditsglobalreachandberecognizedbypeopleofothernations.TheChinesedreamisthedreamofnationalrejuvenation.Itisthedreamofbuildingapowerfulandprosperousstate,adreamofbringinghappinessinthelivesoftheChinesepeople.Itentailssustainingsteadyandhealthyeconomicgrowth,scientificallymanagingtheChinesesociety,andeffectivelyrespondingtotherisksandchallengesofexternaldevelopment.14.天津市古文化街于1986年元旦建成开业，全长687米，为模仿清民间建筑风格。它坐落在南开区海河西岸，是一条商业步行街，值得一看。再者，古文化街是天津市的发祥地，也是天津最早的文化、宗教和商业中心。天后宫(即著名的妈祖庙)就在这条街的中心。这条街上出售古玩、古旧书籍、传统手工艺制品和民俗用品。天津的民间艺术品杨柳青年画、泥人张彩塑、风筝魏风筝、刘氏砖刻在此也都设有专店。这里还有风味小吃，如茶汤、锅巴菜、耳朵眼炸糕。

9　　OpenedonNewYear’Dayin1986,theAncientCultureStreetinTianjincityis687meterslong,withitsarchitectureimitatingthefolkstyleoftheQingDynasty.LocatedonthewestbankofHaiheRiverinNankaiDistrict,itisacommercialpedestrianstreetwhichisworthvisiting.Furthermore,thisstreetisknownastheCradleofTianjin,andisthefirstcultural,religiousandbusinesscentreofthecity.InitscentreisthefamousTianhou(HeavenlyQueen)Temple,morepopularlyknownasMazu.Antiques,ancientbooks,traditionalhandicraftsandfolkproductsaresoldhere.Additionally,thetraditionalfolk-artYangliuqingNewYearpaintings,NirenZhang’sColour-ClayFigurines,WeiKitesandLiuCarvingsallhavetheirshopsthere.TherearealsolocalsnackssuchasChatangSoup,Guobacai,EarholeFriedCake,etc.15.如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。　　【翻译词汇】步入stepinto老龄化社会agingsociety　　独生子女一代theonly-childgeneration巨大的enormous　　调整adjust计划生育政策thefamilyplanningpolicy　　在特殊情况下undercertaincircumstances由于，迫于dueto　　放弃abandon依靠relyon出生率birthrate　　有效的effective社会保障制度socialsecuritysystem　Nowadays,Chinaissteppingintotheagingsociety.Therefore,theonly-childgenerationisfacingenormouspressurebothfromworkandlife.TheChinesegovernmenthasbeguntoadjustthefamilyplanningpolicyandallowssomefamiliestohaveasecondchildundercertaincircumstances.However,thesurveyshowsthatsomecouplesabandontohaveasecondchildduetotheincreasingfinancialburden.Thus,inordertosolvetheagingproblem,thebasicthingisnotrelyingonthe

10increaseofbirthrate.Thebestsolutionistoestablishaneffectivesocialsecuritysystem.16.朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。　　Shanghaiisadynamic,diverseandstimulatingcity-theveryepitomeofmodernChina.ThoughShanghaicannotrivalBeijinginculturalheritage,itsvariedarchitecturalstylesandcosmopolitanfeelgiveitacharmofitsown.Today'sShanghaihasbecomeaworld-famousinternationalmetropolis.Awalkthroughthisboomingcityrevealsmanyglimpsesofitscolorfulpast.HiddenamongsttheskyscrapersareremainsoftheoriginalShanghai.TheykeeponshowinghowShanghaihasbeendevelopingfastandenormouslysinceitsopeningasacommercialportinthelate19thcentury,especiallyafterthefoundingofnewChina.四六级新题型翻译常用词汇历史与文化京剧Pekingopera秦腔Qinopera功夫Kungfo太极TaiChi口技ventriloquism木偶戏puppetshow皮影戏shadowplay折子戏operahighlights杂技acrobatics相声wittydialoguecomedy刺绣embroidery苏绣Suzhouembroidery泥人clayfigure书法calligraphy中国画traditionalChinesepainting水墨画Chinesebrushpainting中国结Chineseknot中国古代四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针thecompass青铜器bronzeware瓷器porcelain;china唐三彩tri-colorglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty景泰蓝cloisonne武术martialarts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu庄子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孙子SunTzu象形文字pictographiccharacters文房四宝(笔墨纸观)theFourTreasuresoftheStudy(brush,inkstick,paper,andinkstone)《大学》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《孙子兵法》TheArtofWar《三国演义》ThreeKingdoms《西游记》JourneytotheWest《红楼梦》DreamoftheRedMansions《水浒传》HeroesoftheMarshes《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《资治通鉴》HistoryasaMirror《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《史记》HistoricalRecords《诗经》TheBookofSongs《易经》TheIChing;TheBookofChanges《礼记》TheBookofRites《三字经》Three-characterScriptures

11八股文eight-partessay五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinesetunicsuit唐装Tangsuit风水Fengshui;geomanticomen阳历Solarcalendar阴历Lunarcalendar闰年leapyear十二生肖zodiac春节theSpringFestival元宵节theLanternFestival清明节theTomb-sweepingDay端午节theDragon-boatFestival中秋节theMid-autumnDay重阳节theDouble-ninthDay七夕节theDouble-seventhDay春联springcouplets庙会templefair爆竹firecracker年画(traditional)NewYearpictures压岁钱NewYeargift-money舞龙dragondance元宵sweetstickyricedumplings花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddle舞狮liondance踩高跷stiltwalking赛龙舟dragonboatrace胡同hutong长城theGreatWallofChina烽火台beacontower秦士台皇陵theMausoleumofEmperorQinshihuang兵马俑TerracottaWarriorsandHorses大雁塔BigWildGoosePagoda丝绸之路theSilkRoad敦煌莫高窟MogaoGrottoes华清池HuaqingHotSprings五台山"WutaiMountain九华山JiuhuaMountain蛾眉山MountEmei泰山MountTai黄山MountHuangshan;theYellowMountain故宫theImperialPalace天坛theTempleofHeaven午门MeridianGate大运河GrandCanal护城河theMoat回音壁EchoWall居庸关JuyongguanPass九龙壁theNineDragonWall黄帝陵theMausoleumofEmperorHuangdi十三陵theMingTombs苏州园林Suzhougardens西湖WestLake九寨沟JiuzhaigouValley日月潭SunMoonLake布达拉宫PotalaPalace鼓楼drumtower四合院quadrangle;courtyardcomplex孔庙ConfuciusTemple喇嘛Lama乐山大佛LeshanGiantBuddha十八罗汉theEighteenDisciplesoftheBuddha