历年大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案汇总

《历年大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案汇总》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

历年大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案汇总PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)　　PassageOne　　Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofpro-ductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisde-signedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".　　Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemploy-ment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,main-taining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthe　　transitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.AI~,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.　　Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoney　　basedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.　　21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itdoesnotdoubtthat　　A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment　　B)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills　　C)automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers　　D)automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped　　22.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor"(Line7,Para.3)probablyimpliesthat　　A)wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice　　B)thebenefitofincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers　　C)supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted　　D)thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers　　23.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,labourwilldependmostlyon　　A)additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkers　　B)theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity　　C)shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime　　D)astrongdriveforplanningnewinstallations　　24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

1　　A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.　　B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.来源：考试大　　C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.　　D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.PassageTwo　　Questions25to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsi-blecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo.　　Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon'tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenu-merous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother'sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.　　Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves-theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat'sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn'texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.　　We'vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan'tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.　　Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecomple-tionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,it　　seems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn'tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings-maybeit'sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuc-cessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.　　Thisisheresy(异端邪说)tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.　　25.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat　　A)peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation　　B)peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation　　C)allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollege　　D)veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege　　26.Inthe2ndparagraph,"thosewhodon'tfitthepattern"refersto　　A)highschoolgraduateswhoaren'tsuitableforcollegeeducation　　B)collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis　　C)collegestudentswhoaren'tanybetterfortheirhighereducation　　D)highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedto

2college　　27.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause　　A)youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege　　B)manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy　　C)youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation　　D)youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool　　28.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat　　A)societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates　　B)highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation　　C)toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving来源：考试大　　D)collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout　　29.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat　　A)moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates　　B)collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful　　C)collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople　　D)intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgotocollege　　30.The"surveysandstatistics"mentionedinthelastparagraphmighthaveshownthat　　A)college-educatedpeoplearemoresuccessfulthannon-college-educatedpeople　　B)collegeeducationwasnotthefirstchoiceofintelligentpeople　　C)thelessschoolingapersonhasthebetteritisforhim　　D)mostpeoplehavesweetmemoriesofcollegelife　　PassageThree　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobre-quiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacteriedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatold-estchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheex-pans/onofindustrialproduction.　　Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿记).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,the

3greatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicala-bilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.　　31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago　　A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories　　B)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees　　C)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofin-dustrialworkers　　D)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustri-alworkers　　32.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,　　A)factorylabourerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber　　B)thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylabourers　　C)employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylabourers　　D)theproportionoffactorylabourersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased　　33.Theword"dubious"(L.2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans　　A)valuableB)usefulC)doubtfulD)helpfulwww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis　　A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee　　B)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations　　C)moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations　　D)asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization　　35.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsone　　A)tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB)tobemorespecializedinhisfield　　C)tosolvetechnicalproblemsD)todevelophisprofessionalskill　　PassageFour　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepal-ternatingwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.　　Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.　　m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently,　　Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence(发生率)ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthese

4phenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.　　Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadapt-edisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoare-versedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofse-　　lectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.　　36.Whyisthequestionof"howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight"notamereacademicquestion?　　A)Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.　　B)Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.来源：考试大　　C)Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.　　D)Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.　　37.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin　　A)theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation　　B)thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently　　C)thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective　　D)thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers　　38.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe　　A)tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals　　B)tohavelongershifts　　C)toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly　　D)tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers　　39.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhis　　bodytemperaturebecause　　A)bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessaltermates　　B)bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback　　C)thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged　　D)peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently　　40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?　　A)Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.　　B)Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.　　C)Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.　　D)Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

51991年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)　　PassageOne　　Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardand,inmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesCoastGuardrequirements,lifepreserversmustbesimpleindesign,reversible,capableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.本文来源:考试大网　　Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hourinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.　　Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.　　Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditionswhichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifepreservershouldbereversible,sothatitisnearlyimpossibletosetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifepreservershouldalsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.　　21.Thepassageismainlyabout________.　　A)theusesoflifepreservers　　B)thedesignoflifepreservers　　C)thematerialsforlifepreservers来源：考试大　　D)thebuoyancyoflifepreservers　　22.Accordingtothepassage,alifepreservershouldbefirstofall,________.　　A)adjustable　　B)comfortable　　C)self-evident　　D)self-righting　　23.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertothemade________.　　A)withasfewstringsaspossible　　B)capableofbeingwornonbothsides　　C)accordingtoeachwearer’ssize　　D)comfortableandlighttowear　　24.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,line6)theauthorreferstotheperson________.　　A)whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserver　　B)

6whohasalittleexperienceinusingalifepreserver　　C)whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermission　　D)whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster　　25.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?　　A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.　　B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.　　C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.　　D)Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.　　PassageTwo　　Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistence(生活维持费)incaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist(维持生活),inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason”.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusedanykindofsocialobligation.　　Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature,actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.　　However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundless,fromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.　　Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininter-personalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.　　26.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto________.　　A)theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomy　　B)thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaults　　C)thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsociety　　D)thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educated　　27.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat________.　　A)thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimproved　　B)everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany

7“reason”　　C)everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountry　　D)peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoor　　28.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould________.　　A)providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployed　　B)encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligations　　C)guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployed　　D)provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiod　　29.Theword“fallacy”(Para.2.L.6)means________.　　A)doubt　　B)fact来源：www.examda.com　　C)strongargument　　D)wrongbelief　　30.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum________.　　A)demandstoomuchfromsociety　　B)makesfreedomofcontractimpossible　　C)helpspeopletakeinterestintheirwork　　D)helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeople　　PassageThree　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thenewborncanseethedifferencebetweenvariousshapesandpatternsfrombirth.Hepreferspatternstodullorbrightsolidcolorsandlookslongeratstripesandanglesthanatcircularpatterns.Withinthreeweeks,however,hispreferenceshiftsdramaticallytothehumanface.　　Whyshouldababywithsolittlevisualexperienceattendmoretoahumanfacethantoanyotherkindofpattern’?Somescientiststhinkthispreferencerepresentsabuiltinadvantageforthehumanspecies.Theobjectofprimeimportancetothephysicallyhelplessinfantisahumanbeing.Babiesseemtohaveanaturaltendencytothehumanfaceaspotentiallyrewarding.Researchersalsopointoutthatthenewbornwiselyreliesmoreonpatternthanonoutline,size,orcolor.Patternremainsstable,whileoutlinechangeswithpointofview;size,withdistancefromanobject;andbrightnessandcolor,withlighting.　　Mothershavealwaysclaimedthattheycouldseetheirnewbornslookingatthemastheyheldthem,despitewhattheyhavebeentold.Theexpertswhothoughtthatperception(知觉)hadtoawaitphysicaldevelopmentandtheconsequenceofactionwerewrongforseveralreasons.Earlierresearchtechniqueswerelesssophisticatedthantheyaretoday.Physicalskillswereonceusedtoindicateperceptionofobjects-skillslikevisualtrackingandreachingforanobject,bothofwhichthenewborndoespoorly.Then,too,assumptionsthatthenewborn’seyeandbrainweretooimmatureforanythingassophisticatedaspatternrecognitioncausedopposingdatatobethrownaway.Sinceperceptionofformwaswidelybelievedtofollowperceptionofmore“basic”qualitiessuchascolorandbrightness,thepossibilityofitspresencefrombirthwasrejected.　　31.Whatdoesanewbornbabyliketoseemost’?　　A)Brightcolors.　　B)Circularpatterns.　　C)Stripesandangles.　　D)Various

8shapes.　　32.Thenewbornpaysmoreattentiontoahumanfacethananyotherkindofobjectsbecause________.　　A)heseesahumanfacemoreoftenthananyotherkindofpattern　　B)hehasaninherentabilitytoregardahumanbeingashelpful　　C)ahumanfaceisthemostcomplexpatternhecansee　　D)ahumanfaceisoftenaccompaniedbyapleasantvoice　　33.Contrarytowhattheybelieve,mothershavebeentoldthatnewborns________.　　A)carelittleaboutahumanface　　B)can’ttracktheirmovements　　C)can’tseetheirfaces　　D)caneasilyperceivebrightness　　34.Inearlierresearchesonthenewborn’sperception,scientists________.　　A)ignoredevidencecontrarytotheirassumptions　　B)believedthatperceptionofformcomesbeforeperceptionofcolorandbrightness　　C)opposedthrowingawayeffectivedata　　D)provedthatphysicalskillscomeaftervisualperception　　35.Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.　　A)researchtechniquesareofvitalimportancescientificinvestigation　　B)thefindingsofearlierscientificresearchersoftenprovewrong　　C)newbornscanperceiveformsfrombirth来源：考试大　　D)moreoftenthannottheclaimsofmothersarereliable　　PassageFour　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　AlbertEinsteinrecalledhislearningproblemsphilosophically:“Myintellectual(智力的)developmentwasslow,asaresultofwhichIbegantowonderaboutspaceandtimeonlywhenIhadalreadygrownup.Naturally,Icouldgodeeperintotheproblemthanachild.”Andso,11yearsafterdismissalfromschool,youngAlbertEinsteinpublishedthetheoryofrelativitythatchangedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.　　NooneinthiscenturyhasbeenmorewidelyrecognizedasageniusthanEinstein.Yethisproblemswithearlyintellectualdevelopmentandhispeculiargiftscastgreatdoubtonallourconventionalideasaboutgenius,intelligenceor“I.Q.”(智商).Ontheonehand,Einsteinshowedearlydefectsinabilitiesthatourmentaltestsvalue;ontheotherhand,hisspecialintellectualfacultieswentfarbeyondmostdefinitionsofintelligence.Moreover,theirgrowthappearspeculiarlygradual,contradictingthepopularconceptionofintelligenceassomethinginbornandfixed.Hisresolutepersistenceandhisskillsinplayinggameswithideaswereapparentlyasdecisivetohisgeniusasanycuttingedgeofintellect(智能).　　Thesepowerfulaspectsofintelligencethatconventionaldefinitionsoverlookaregettingcloseattentioninanewwaveofresearch.Thiscomesafteryearsofearlierstudieswhichexposedthenarrownessofourusualmeasuresofmentalability.Intelligence,itturnsout,ismultifacetedandmarvelous;itincludespersonalcharacteristics,creativityskillsandintellectualcapabilitiesthatshowuponnotest.Whatismostexcitingisthatsomeoftheseiii-definedabilitiesarepossessedbymanypeople.Justknowingaboutsuchneglectedskillswillhelpusdiscoveranddevelopuntapped(未开发的)potential-inourselvesandinour

9children.　　36.Thispassageisabout________.　　A)thedevelopmentofEinstein’sintellect　　B)thewiderecognitionofEinsteinasagenius　　C)conventionalideasconcerninggenius　　D)aninsighttothecomplexityofhumanintelligence　　37.Accordingtothepassage,whenEinsteinwasatschool,he________.　　A)fellbehindotherpupils　　B)wasfondofstudyingphilosophicalproblems　　C)wasproudofhisowndiligence　　D)thoughtmoredeeplyabouttheproblemsofspaceandtimethanhisclassmates　　38.WhichofthefollowingledtoEinstein’ssuccess?　　A)Hisgoodskillsingame-playing.　　B)Hisdiligenceandpowerfulmind.　　C)Hisunusualinsightintotheconceptionofintelligence.　　D)Hisdecisivenessintakingactions.　　39.“Multifaceted”(Para.3,Line6)probablymeans________.　　A)havingmanyaspects　　B)havingmanyabilities　　C)havingmanyskills　　D)havingmanyuses　　40.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE’?　　A)Conventionalintelligencetestsarenotreliable.　　B)Forordinarypeopleintelligenceissomethinginbornandfixed.　　C)Einsteinwasapparentlyageniusinplayinggamesaswellasinscientificresearch.　　D)Einstein’searlydefectsinabilitiescontributedtohislatermentaldevelopment.1.D22.A23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.B29.D30.D31.B32.A33.C34.C35.A36.D37.B38.C39.A40.A1991年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案　　PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparent-childrelationships.来源：www.examda.com　　Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethow

10theythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.　　Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.　　Sometimesyouareresistant,andproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapprove,itlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,youareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonour.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself.　　Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothers,especiallyparents,intodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.　　21.Theauthorisprimarilyaddressing________.　　A)parentsofteenagers　　B)newspaperreaders　　C)thosewhogiveadvicetoteenagers　　D)teenagers　　22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.　　A)theteenagers’criticismoftheirparents　　B)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents　　C)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren　　D)theteenagers’abilitytodealwithcrises　　23.Teenagerstendtohavestrangeclothesandhairstylesbecausethey________.　　A)wanttoshowtheirexistencebycreatingacultureoftheirown　　B)haveastrongdesiretobeleadersinstyleandtaste　　C)havenootherwaytoenjoythemselvesbetter　　D)wanttoirritatetheirparents　　24.Teenagersdonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhatevertheydobecausethey________.　　A)havealreadybeenacceptedintotheadultworld　　B)feelthattheyaresuperiorinasmallwaytotheadults　　C)arenotlikelytowinovertheadults　　D)haveadesiretobeindependent　　25.Toimproveparent-childrelationships,teenagersareadvisedtobe________.　　A)obedient　　B)responsible　　C)co-operative　　D)independent　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowing

11passage.　　Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing(定量供应)isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswidespreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.　　Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests.NorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain’soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.　　Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.　　Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.　　Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhaveseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogrammeisnotworkingverywell.　　26.Whyisthere“wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusionaboutthefoodsituationinBritain?”　　A)Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.　　B)Britainisimportinglessfood.　　C)Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.　　D)Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.　　27.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat________.　　A)peoplearebuyinglessfood　　B)thegovernmentisprovidinglessfinancialsupportforagriculture　　C)domesticfoodproductionhasdecreased　　D)importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigher　　28.Whydidn’tthegovernment’sexpansionprogrammeworkverywell?　　A)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed.　　B)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.　　C)Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce.　　D)Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerswerestronglyagainsttheprogrammer.　　29.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpricewasaresultof________.　　A)asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumers　　B)asharpfallinthecostoffoodproduction考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)

12　　C)theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountries　　D)theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries　　30.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain’sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?　　A)ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.　　B)Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.　　C)Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.　　D)Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’t,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.　　TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminationpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment(启蒙运动)tobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.　　Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.　　31.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience________.　　A)wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment　　B)willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen　　C)willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance　　D)willbringaboutdisturbingresults　　32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury________.　　A)thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscience　　B)wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch　　C)knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature　　D)didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature　　33.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearlier

13times?　　A)Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn’tunderstand.　　B)Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.　　C)Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.　　D)Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.　　34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?来源：www.examda.com　　A)Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.　　B)Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.　　C)Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.　　D)Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.　　35.Theauthorbelievesthat________.　　A)mancanfindsolutionstowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkup　　B)mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellect　　C)soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthem　　D)questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearchD　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresent,itisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.　　Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.　　Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.　　36.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironment________.　　A)isstillunknown　　B)isusuallyneglected　　C)isbeingclosely

14studied　　D)hasbeenfullyrecognized　　37.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto________.　　A)thedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhood　　B)thelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome　　C)relativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilities　　D)theimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhood　　38.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided________.　　A)inspecialareas　　B)inthesuburbs　　C)intheneighbourhoodofthehouse　　D)ingardensandparks来源：www.examda.com　　39.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat________.　　A)moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect　　B)moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem　　C)anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped　　D)recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes　　40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.　　A)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife　　B)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities　　C)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago　　D)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities1992年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题PassageOne　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Lecturingasamethodofteachingissofrequentlyunderattacktodayfromeducationalpsychologistsandbystudentsthatsomejustificationisneededtokeepit.Criticsbelievethatisresultsinpassivemethodsoflearningwhichtendtobelesseffectivethanthosewhichfullyengagethelearner.Theyalsomaintainthatstudentshavenoopportunitytoaskquestionsandmustallreceivethesamecontentatthesamepace,thattheyareexposedonlytooneteacher’sinterpretationofsubjectmatterwhichwillcertainlybelimitedandthat,anyway,fewlecturesriseabovedullness.Nevertheless,inanumberofinquiriesthispessimisticevaluationoflecturingasateachingmethodprovesnottobegeneralamongstudentsalthoughtheydofairlyoftencommentonpoorlecturingtechniques.　　Studentspraiselectureswhichareclearandorderlyoutlinesinwhichbasicprinciplesareemphasizedbutdisliketoonumerousdigressions(离题)orlectureswhichconsistinpartofthecontentsofatextbook.Studentsofsciencesubjectsconsiderthatalectureisagoodwaytointroduceanewsubject,puttingitinitsvalueasaperiodofdiscussionofproblemsandpossiblesolutionswiththeirlecturer.Theydonotlookforinspiration(灵感)—thisismorecommonly

15mentionedbyteachers—butartsstudentslookfororiginalityinlectures.Medicalanddentalstudentswhohavereportsonteachingmethods,orspecificallyonlecturing,suggestthatthereshouldbefewerlecturesorthat,attheleast,morewouldbeunpopular.　　21.Thepassagestatesthat________.来源：www.examda.com　　A)fewstudentsdislikelecturingasateachingmethod　　B)lecturingisagoodmethodofteaching　　C)lecturingasateachingmethodprovestobeuninspiring　　D)moststudentslikelecturesbecausetheycanfullyengagethelearner　　22.Accordingtothecritics,　　A)lecturescan’tmakestudentsactiveintheirstudies　　B)somelecturers’knowledgeoftheirsubjectslimited　　C)mostlecturesaresimilarincontent　　D)fewlecturesaredull　　23.Accordingtothispassage,studentsdislikelectureswhich________.　　A)introducematla[notincludedinthetextbook　　B)presentmanyproblemsfordiscussion　　C)alwayswanderfromthesubject　　D)stressthemainpoints　　24.Lecturingasateachingmethodislessappreciatedby________.　　A)dentalteachers　　B)medicalstudents　　C)artslecturers　　D)sciencelearners　　25.Accordingtotheauthor,theevaluationoflecturingasateachingmethodbyeducationalpsychologistsis________.　　A)defensive　　B)conservative　　C)realistic　　D)negative　　PassageTwo　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoidedwhentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.　　Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearethehavepossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavouroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.　　Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgenetic(遗传的)learning,todistinguishitfromtheindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecourse

16ofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviourisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.　　26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thesurvivalgameisconsideredpotentiallyverydangerousbecause________.　　A)animalsareconstantlythreatenedbyattacks　　B)wrongdecisionswillleadtothedisappearanceofaspecies　　C)decisionsmadebyananimalmayturnouttobefatal　　D)fewanimalscansurviveintheirstrugglewiththeenvironment　　27.Itisimpliedbutnotdirectlystatedinthepassagethatmostanimals________.　　A)arelikelytomakewrongdecisions　　B)havemadecorrectdecisionsfortheirsurvival　　C)dependentirelyontheirparentsinlearningabouttheworldaroundthem　　D)survivebymeansofindividuallearning　　28.Geneticlearningiseffectiveonlyif________.　　A)thesurvivalgameisarrangedinfavouroftheyounganimals　　B)theanimalscanadaptthemselvestothechangingsurroundings　　C)circumstancesremainmoreorlessthesame　　D)theanimalshavevariedindividualexperiences　　29.ThebestTITLEforthispassagewouldbe________.　　A)TheDecision-MakingAbilityofAnimals　　B)SurvivalandEnvironment　　C)RewardandPenaltyforAnimals　　D)BehaviourandSurvival　　30.Howisgeneticleaningachieved?　　A)Itisinheritedfromanimalswithkeenobservation.　　B)Itispasseddownfromthoseanimalsthatbehaveinthecorrectway.　　C)Itistaughttotheyounggeneration.　　D)Itislearnedbythenewgenerationthroughtrialanderror.　　PassageThree　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Scientists,likeotherhumanbeings,havetheirhopesandfears,theirpassionsanddisappointmentsandtheirstrongemotionsmaysometimesinterruptthecourseofclearthinkingandsoundpractice.Butscienceisalsoself-correcting.Themostfundamentalprinciplesandconclusionsmaybechallenged.Thestepsinareasonedargumentmustbesetoutforalltosee.　　Experimentsmustbecapableofbeingcarriedoutbyotherscientists.Thehistoryofscienceisfullofcaseswherepreviouslyacceptedtheorieshavebeenentirelyoverthrown,tobereplacedbynewideaswhichmoreadequatelyexplainthe

17data.　　Whilethereisanunderstandableinertia-usuallylastingaboutonegeneration-suchrevolutioninscientificthoughtarewidelyacceptedasanecessaryanddesirableelementofscientificprogress.Indeed,thereasonedcriticismofaprevailingbeliefisaservicetothesupportersofthatbelief;iftheyareincapableofdefendingit,theyarewell-advisedtoabandonit.Thisself-questioninganderror-correctingaspectofthescientificmethodisitsmoststrikingpropertyandsetsitofffrommanyotherareasofhumanendeavor,suchasreligionandfinearts.　　Theideaofscienceasamethodratherthanasabodyofknowledgeisnotwidelyappreciatedoutsideofscience,orindeedinsomecorridorsinsideofscience.Vigorouscriticismisconstructiveinsciencemorethaninsomeotherareasofhumanendeavorbecauseinitthereareadequatestandardsofvaliditywhichcanbeagreeduponbycompetentscientiststheworldover.　　Theobjectiveofsuchcriticismisnottosuppressbutrathertoencouragetheadvanceofnewideas:thosewhichsurviveafirmskeptical(怀疑的)examinationhaveafightingchanceofbeingright,oratleastuseful.　　31.Scienceisself-correctingbecauseitstheories________.　　A)havetoberevisedconstantlytoconformwithideaswhichexplainthedatabetter　　B)havereflectedthemostfundamentalprinciplesofnature　　C)are,moreoftenthannot,basedoninadequatedata　　D)mustbesetoutforalltosee　　32.Itcanbelearnedfromthecontextthattheword“inertia”(Para.2,Line1)mostprobablymeans________.　　A)strongresolution　　B)unwillingnesstochange　　C)aperiodoftime　　D)prevailingbelief　　33.The“revolutioninscientificthought”(Para.2,Lind2)refersto________.　　A)acceptanceofthereasonedcriticismsofprevailingscientifictheories　　B)thecontinuousoverthrowofexistingscientifictheories　　C)theadequateexplanationofthedatainprevailingscientifictheories　　D)themajordiscoveriesthatrepresentbreakthroughsinthehistoryofscientificprogress　　34.Theauthorsaysthatthemoststrikingpropertyofthescientificmethodisitsself-questioninganderror-correctingaspect,becauseitisthisaspectthat________.　　A)isindispensabletotheadvanceofscience考试大论坛　　B)ismostwidelyappreciatedbyscientists　　C)helpsscientiststoabandonanythingtheycannotdefend　　D)setsscienceofffrommanyotherareasofhumanendeavor　　35.Theword“it”(Para.3,Line4)refersto“________.”　　A)vigorouscriticism　　B)scientificmethod　　C)humanendeavor　　D)science　　PassageFour　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Myfather’sreactiontothebankbuildingat43rdStreetandFifthAvenuesinNewYorkCity

18wasimmediateanddefinite:“Youwon’tcatchmeputtingmymoneyinthere!”hedeclared.“Notinthatglassbox!”　　Ofcourse,myfatherisagentlemanoftheoldschool,amemberofthegenerationtowhomagooddealofmodernarchitectureisupsetting,butIamconvincedthathisnegativeresponsewasnotsomuchtothearchitectureastoaviolationofhisconceptofthenatureofmoney.　　Inhisgenerationmoneywasthoughtofasarealcommodity(实物)thatcouldbecarried,orstolen.Consequently,toattractthecustomofasensibleman,abankhadtohaveheavywalls,barredwindows,andbronzedoors,toaffirmthefact,howeveruntrue,thatmoneywouldbesafeinside.Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitappearimpenetrabletheinstitutionwasnecessarilyreliable,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturesymboldweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney.　　Butthatattitudetowardmoneyhasofcoursechanged.Exceptingpocketmoney,cashofanykindisnowrarelyused;moneyasatangiblecommodityhaslargelybeenreplacedbycredit.　　Adeficit(赤字)economy,accompaniedbyhugeexpansion,hasledustothinkofmoneyasaproductofthecreativeimagination.Thebankernolongeroffersusasafe:heoffersusaservice　　-aserviceinwhichthemostvaluableelementisthecreativityfortheinventionoflargenumbers.Itisinnowaysurprising,inviewofthischangeinattitude,thatwearewitnessingthedisappearanceoftheheavy-walledhank.　　Justastheolderbankemphasizeditsstrength,thisbankbyitsarchitectureboastsofitsimaginativepowers.Fromthispointofviewitishardtosaywherearchitectureendsandhumanassertion(人们的说法)begins.　　36.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.　　A)moneyisnotasvaluableasitwasinthepast　　B)changeshavetakenplaceinboththeappearanceandtheconceptorbanks　　C)thearchitecturalstyleoftheolderbankissuperiortothatofthemodernbank　　D)prejudicemakestheoldergenerationthinkthatthemodernbankisunreliable　　37.Whataretheattitudesoftheoldergenerationandtheyoungergenerationtowardmoney?　　A)Theformerthinksmoreofitthanthelatter.　　B)Theyoungergenerationvaluesmoneymorethantheoldergeneration.　　C)Bothgenerationsrelyontheimaginativepowerofbankerstomakemoney.　　D)Theformerregardsitasarealcommoditywhilethelatterconsidersittobeameanstoproducemoremoney.　　38.Theword“tangible”(Para.4Line3)referstosomething________.　　A)thatisprecious　　B)thatisusable　　C)thatcanbetouched　　D)thatcanbereproduced　　39.Accordingtothispassage,amodernbankershouldbe________.　　A)ambitiousandfriendly　　B)reliableandpowerful　　C)sensibleandimpenetrable　　D)imaginativeandcreative　　40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewtrendinbankingis

19________.　　A)cautious采集者退散　　B)regretful　　C)positive　　D)hostile1992年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题PassageOne　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　WhatdoCharlesDarwin,NicholasCopernicusandFrankJ.Sullowayhaveincommon?　　Thefirsttwo,ofcourse,wererevolutionaryscientificthinkers:CopernicusestablishedthattheEarthrevolvesaroundthesun;Darwindiscoverednaturalselection.AndSulloway?He’sahistorianofscienceatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywhohasdiscoveredsomethingelsethesetwomen-and,indeed,mostofthemajorpioneersinscienceoverthelast400years-haveincommon:theywere,likeSullowayhimself,precededinbirthbyatleastoneotherbrotherorsister.Birthorder,hefound,isthemostreliableindicatorofwhetherascientistwillembraceorattackradicalnewideas.　　Thethirdoffourchildren,Sullowayhasspent20yearssearchingoutthebirthorderof2,784scientistswhowereononesideortheotherof28scientificrevolutionssincethe16thcentury.Hediscoveredthat23ofthe28revolutionswereledbylater-borns.　　Sullowayfocusedonthemale-dominatedworldofscienceandthesoleissuehemeasuredwaswillingnesstochallengeestablishedopinions.Thoseleastlikelytoacceptnewtheorieswerefirstbornswithyoungerbrothersorsisters.Themostradicalwereyoungersonswithatleastoneolderbrother.　　AccordingtoSulloway’stheory,firstbornchildrenidentifymorereadilywithparentalauthoritybecause,amongotherthings,theyareoftenputinchargeofyoungerbrothersorsisters.来源：www.examda.com　　Throughthisidentification,firstbornsabsorbthenorms(规范,准则)andvaluesofsocietyinwaysthatsubsequentchildrendonot.Theolderchildgetsresponsibility.Theyyoungeroneteststhelimits,triestoseewhathecangetawaywith.　　21.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?　　A)Later-bornsaremoreintelligentthanfirstborns.　　B)Revolutionarythinkerstendtorecognizetheinfluenceofbirthorder.　　C)Majorscientistsalwayshavesomethingincommonintheirwayofthinking.　　D)One’sbehaviourisoftendeterminedbybirthorder.　　22.Thehistorianofsciencementionedinthepassageisofthefamily.　　A)theyoungestchild　　B)neithertheeldestnortheyoungestchild　　C)theonlychild　　D)theeldestchild　　23.The2,784scientistsSullowaystudied________.　　A)hadled23ofthe28scientificrevolutions　　B)wereprecededinbirthbyatleastonebrotheror

20sister　　C)hadeithersupportedoropposedrevolutionaryideas　　D)haddominatedtheworldofsciencefor400years　　24.AccordingtoSulloway’stheory,whoismostlikelytochallengeestablishedideasofscience?　　A)Theonlysonwithyoungersisters.　　B)Thosewhoidentifymorereadilywithparentalauthority.　　C)Theonlychildofafamily.　　D)Apersonwithatleastoneolderbrotherorsister.　　25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsSulloway’sbirthordertheoryis________.　　A)critical　　B)defensive　　C)neutral　　D)inconsistent　　PassageTwo　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.　　Butthecar’susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincetheclaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.　　Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfuturefuelavailabilitysubsided(减退)intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.　　Themotorvehicleindustry’sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.　　Society’sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative(革新的)transportationpolicies.　　26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?　　A)Agoodcarindicatesitsowner’shighsocialposition.　　B)Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravel

21free.　　C)Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.　　D)Acaraddstoitsowner’sattractiveness.　　27.Thephrase“rolledoffassemblylines”(Para.1,Lines2-3)means________.　　A)“wereturnedoutfromfactories”　　B)“movedalongproductionlines”　　C)“movedalongthestreets”　　D)“werelinedupinthestreets”　　28.Thepassagestatesthatthereis________.　　A)asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecars　　B)asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecars　　C)asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrules　　D)asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety　　29.Itisimpliedthattheauto’sassuredroleinsocietyis________.　　A)threatenedbytherisinggasprices　　B)challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblems　　C)protectedbylaw　　D)firmlyestablished来源：www.examda.com　　30.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare________.　　A)onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuse　　B)thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcars　　C)innovativetransportationpolicies　　D)futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry　　PassageThree　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　WhileAmerica’sgrade-schoolandhigh-schoolsystemiscomingunderattack,onefactremains:U.S.universitiesareamongthebestintheworld.SinceWorldWarII,Americanscientists-mostlyworkinginuniversitiesorcolleges-havewonmorethanhalfofallNobelPrizesinphysicsandmedicine.ForeignstudentsrushtotheUnitedStatesbythetensofthousands;lastyeartheyearnedmorethanonequarterofthedoctoraldegreesawardedinthecountry.YetwhileAmericanuniversitiesproducegreatresearchandgreatgraduateprogramme,theysome-timespaylittleattentiontothetaskthatliesattheirverycore:theteachingofundergraduatestudents.　　Inaneraof$20,000academicyears,collegepresidentscannolongeraffordtoignorethecreepingrotattheircore.Inspeechesandinterviewsthenation’shighereducatorshaverediscoveredteaching.RobertRosenzweig,presidentoftheAssociationofAmericanUniversities,said:“Ourorganizationwasneververyconcernedaboutteaching.Inthelast18months,wehavespentmoretimeonundergraduateeducationthanonanyothersubject.”　　Despitesuchpromisingefforts,noonedoubtsthatresearchstilloutranksteachingattheleadinguniversities,notleastbecauseitisasurerandfasterwaytoearnstatus.Somepeopledon’tthinkithastobethatway.Theyarguethattherewardsystemforcollegefacultycanbechanged,sothatprofessorswillbeencouragedtodevotemoretimeandefforttoteaching.Theysaythattheyarebeginningtobelievethatthe1990smaycometoberememberedasthedecadeoftheundergraduate.　　Thatwouldbring‘itfullcircle.FormorethantwocenturiesafterthefoundingofHarvard

22Collegein1636,theinstructionofundergraduatestudentswasanessentialconditionofAmericanhighereducation.　　31.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthispassage?　　A)UniversityEducationintheU.S.　　B)UniversityEducationChallenged　　C)TeachingandResearchinUniversities　　D)UndergraduateTeachingRediscovered　　32.Thefirstsentenceinthesecondparagraphmeansthat________.　　A)withabudgetof$20,000,presidentsfinditdifficulttokeeptheiruniversitiesgoing　　B)withtheincreaseinfees,educatorsfeelobligedtoimproveundergraduateteaching　　C)witha$20,000budget,presidentsfinditdifficulttostopthecreepingrotintheiruniversities　　D)withthedecreaseinfees,educatorscan’taffordtolayequalstressonbothresearchandteaching　　33.Accordingtoparagraph3,somepeoplethinkthattherewardsystemforteachersshouldbechangedsothat________.　　A)moreemphasiswillbelaidonteaching　　B)leadinguniversitiescanfurtherraisetheirstatus　　C)effortcanbedirectedtograduateinstructionwww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　D)the1990’swillbecomeadecadeofthe-undergraduate　　34.Accordingtothepassage,attheleadingAmericanuniversities________.　　A)researchisdeclininginimportance　　B)teachingisnowrankedaboveresearch　　C)teachingisasurewaytogainposition　　D)moreimportanceisattachedtoresearchthantoteaching　　35.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatabout150yearsagoundergraduateinstruction________.　　A)wasalreadythreatenedbyresearchwork　　B)begantobeneglectedinmostuniversities　　C)constitutedthefundamentalpartofhighereducation　　D)begantoundergorapidchanges　　PassageFour　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　InthefinalyearsbeforethebeginningoftheCivilWar,theviewthattheNegrowasdifferent,eveninferior,waswidelyheldintheUnitedStates.AtPeoria,Illinois,inOctober1854,AbrahamLincolnaskedwhatstandtheopponentsofslaveryshouldtakeregardingNegroes.　　“Freethem,andmakethempoliticallyandsociallyourequals?Myownfeelingswillnotadmitofthis;andifminewould,wewellknowthatthoseofthegreatmass,ofwhitepeoplewillnot.　　Whetherthisfeelingaccordswithjusticeandsoundjudgement,isnotthesolequestion,ifindeed,itisanypartofit.Auniversalfeeling,whetherwellorillfounded,cannotbesafelydisregarded.　　Wecannot,then,makethemequals.”　　TheLincolnstatementwasclearanddirect,anditdoubtlessrepresentedtheviewsofmost

23Americansinthe1850’s.Mostofthosewhoheardhimorreadhisspeechwereofthesameopinionashe.Inlateryears,thePeoriaspeechwouldbeusedbythosewhotaughttodamageLincoln’sreputationasachampionoftherightsoftheNegro.In1964,theWhiteCitizens’CouncilsreprintedportionsofthespeechinlargeadvertisementsinthedailypressandinsistedthatLincolnsharedtheirviewsonthedesirabilityofmaintainingtwodistinctworldsofrace.　　Lincolncouldnothaveovercomethenation’sstronginclinationtowardracialseparationifhehadtried.Andhedidnottryveryhard.WhenhesetaboutformingNegrotroopslater,hewascontentnotonlytosetNegroesapartinaunitcalled“U.S.ColoredTroops,“butalsotohaveNegroprivates(列兵)receive$10permonthincludingclothing,whilewhitesofthesamerankreceived$13permonthplusclothing.OnlythefirmrefusalofmanyNegrotroopstoacceptunequalpayfinallyforcedCongresstoequalizecompensation,forwhiteandNegrosoldiers.　　Thefightforunionthatbecamealsoafightforfreedomneverbecameafightforequalityorforthecreationofoneracialworld.　　36.In1854,AbrahamLincolnbelievedthat________.　　A)itwaspracticaltogiveequalrightstoNegroes　　B)Negroesshouldhaveequalrights　　C)racialequalityforNegroeswasimpossible　　D)mostwhitepeoplewouldopposegivingfreedomtoNegroes　　37.Inthe1850’s,thenation’sinclinationtowardracialseparationwas________.　　A)disregardedbyCongress　　B)challengedbyLincoln　　C)toostrongtoovercome　　D)basedonroundjudgement　　38.In1964,theWhiteCitizens’CouncilsreprintedthePeoriaspeechinorderto________.　　A)damageLincoln’sreputation　　B)defendtheirownviewpoints　　C)criticizeLincoln’sviewsonracialequality　　D)defendLincoln’sreputation　　39.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethatLincoln________.　　A)helpedNegroesfightforfreedomonly　　B)gaveNegroesequalpay来源：考试大　　C)treatedwhiteandNegrosoldiersequally　　D)helpedtocreateoneracialworld　　40.ThepurposeoftheCivilWarwas________.　　A)toestablishequalityofallpeople　　B)tomaintaintheunionofthecountry　　C)todoawaywithracialseparation　　D)toendracialinjustice1993年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowing

24passage.　　ProtestsattheuseofanimalsinresearchhavetakenanewandfearfulcharacterinBritainwiththeattemptedmurderoftwoBritishscientistsbytheterroristtechniqueofthepre-plantedcar-bomb.考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　Theresearchcommunitywillrightlybealarmedatthesedevelopments,whichhavetwoobjectives:toarousepublicattentionandtofrightenpeopleworkinginresearchwithanimals.Thefirstneedisthateverythingshouldbedonetoidentifythoseresponsibleforthecrimesandtoputthemontrail.TheDefenceResearchSocietyhastakenthepracticalstepofofferingarewardof10,000poundsforinformationleadingtothoseresponsible,butpastexperienceisnotencouraging.Peopleareunlikelytobetemptedbysuchoffers.Theprofessionalpolicewillsimilarlybeconfrontedbytheusualproblemoffindinganeedleinahaystack.采集者退散　　Thatiswhytheintellectual(知识分子)communityinBritainandelsewheremustactmorevigorouslyinitsowndefence.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobjectivesofsafeguardingtheinterestsofanimalsthattheyshoulddeclareclearlywheretheystandonviolencetowardspeople.Anditwillnotbeenoughforthechairmenandchairwomenoftheseorganizationstoutterplacatory(安抚的)statementsonbehalfofalltheirmembers.Thesepeopleshouldalsoundertakethatitwillbeatestofcontinuingmembershipintheirorganizationsthatmembersandwouldbemembersshoulddeclarethattheywilltakenopartinactsofviolenceagainsthumanbeings.Evensuchundertakingswouldnotbefullyeffective:people,afterall,canlie.Butatleasttheywoulddistinguishtheorganizationsentitledtoacontinuingvoiceinthedialoguewiththeresearchcommunityabouttherightsofanimalsinresearchfromtheorganizationsthatdeservenosay.　　21.Thewords“thesedevelopments”(Para.2,Line1)mostprobablyreferto________.　　A)theactsofviolenceagainstscientists　　B)theuseofanimalsinresearch　　C)thetechniquesofplantingbombsincars　　D)theestablishmentofnewanimalprotectionorganization　　22.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?　　A)Thepoliceabandonedtheireffortstofindthecriminals.　　B)Theterroristsescapedwiththehelpoftheirorganizations.　　C)TheattemptedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.　　D)PeoplesympathizedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.　　23.Theauthor’spurposeinwritinghisarticleistodemandthatanimal-protectingorganizations________.　　A)declaretheirobjectivesclearly　　B)giveuptheuseofviolence　　C)continuethedialoguewiththescientificcommunity　　D)helptofindthoseresponsiblefortheattemptedmurder　　24.Intheauthor’sopinion________.　　A)sincepeoplecanlie,theproblemabouttheirrightsofscientistscan’tbesolved　　B)animal-protectingorganizationsaboutbeheldresponsibleforactsofviolenceagainstscientists　　C)animalprotectionorganizationsshouldbedeclaredillegal　　D)thescientistsshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves　　25.Whatdoestheword“they”(Para.3,Line3)refer

25to?　　A)Theanimal-protectingorganizations.　　B)Theorganizationsthatwilltalkwiththeresearchcommunity.　　C)Thosewhosupporttheuseofanimalsinresearch.　　D)Thosewhosupporttheanimal-protectionorganizations.　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theearliertypeofsuburb,whichwasmostdependentontherailroad,hadaspecialadvantagethatcouldbefullyappreciatedonlyafterithaddisappeared.Thesesuburbs,spreadoutalongarailroadline,werediscontinuousandproperlyspaced;andwithouttheaidoflegislation(法规)theywerelimitedinpopulationaswellasarea;forthebiggestrarelyheldasmanyastenthousandpeople,andunderfivethousandwasmoreusual.In1950,forexample,Bronxville,NewYork,atypicalupper-classsuburb,had6,778people,whileRiverside,Illinois,foundedasearlyas1869,hadonly9.153.　　Thesizeandscaleofthesuburb,thatofneighborhoodunit,wasnotentirelytheresultofitsopenplanning,whichfavoredlowdensities.Beingservedbyarailroadline,withstationstopsfromthreetofivemilesapart,therewasanaturallimittothespreadofanyparticularcommunity.Househadtobesited“withineasywalkingdistanceoftherailroadstation,”assomeoldresidentswouldpointout;andonlythosewealthyenoughtoaffordahorseandacarriagedaredtopenetratefartherintotheopencountry.　　Throughitsspacedstationstops,therailroadsuburbwasatfirstkeptfromspreadingorexcessivelyincreasinginnumbers,foranaturalgreenbelt,oftenstillundercultivationaspark,gardens,remainedbetweenthesuburbsandincreasedtheavailablerecreationarea.Occasionally,inafewhappyareaslikeWestchester,between1915and1935aparkway,liketheBronxRiverparkway,accompaniedbycontinuousstripofparkforpedestrian(散步的人)use,notyetoverrunbyaconstantstreamofurbantraffic,addedtotheperfectionofthewholesuburbanpattern.Whateveronemightsayofthesocialdisadvantagesthiswasinmanywaysaperfectphysicalenvironment.Butitlastedlessthanageneration.　　26.Whatwasthespecialadvantageoftheoldtypeofsuburb?　　A)Itsnearnesstotherailroad.来源：考试大　　B)Thevastnessofitsopenspace.　　C)Itssmallsizeinareaandpopulation.　　D)Thehighsocialstatusofitsresidents.　　27.Thesizeoftheoldsuburbwaslimitedbecause________.　　A)peoplewantedtoliveneararailroadstation　　B)itwasoriginallyplannedbyrailroadcompanies　　C)therewasalawgoverningthesizeofthesuburb　　D)localinhabitantsdidn’tliketooutinthecountry　　28.“Happyareas”(Para.3,Line3)wereareaswhere________.　　A)lifewasenjoyedbyeveryone　　B)moreroadswerebuilttobypasstheheavytraffic　　C)agreenbeltwasavailablesolelyforrecreation　　D)peoplecouldhavelotsoffun　　29.Itisevidentthatthewriter________.　　A)findsurbanlife

26uncomfortable　　B)preferslifeinthecountryside　　C)feelsdisappointedinthechangesofsuburbs　　D)advocatestheideaofreturningtonature　　30.Thetopicdiscussedinthepassageis“________”.　　A)thesizeandscaleofsuburbanneighborhoodunits　　B)theadvantageofold-typesuburbs　　C)thelocationofrailroadstations　　D)theconceptofthesuburbanpattern　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.　　Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.　　Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.　　Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessor:oneisthetimeneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.　　Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.　　31.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?　　A)Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.　　B)Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.　　C)Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.　　D)Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.　　32.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause

27________.　　A)researchimprovesthequalityofteaching　　B)studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors　　C)itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively　　D)professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough　　33.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?　　A)Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.　　B)Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.　　C)Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.　　D)Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.　　34.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do________.　　A)teaching来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　B)fieldwork　　C)scientificresearch　　D)investigation　　35.Thephrase“theproblem”(Para.5,Line3)refersto________.　　A)raisingthestatusofteaching　　B)thecombinationofteachingwithresearch　　C)theseparationsofteachingfromresearch　　D)improvingthestatusofresearch　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappenedtobethatputuponmemberofsociety-acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreI’mconvincedthatthingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeanewmotto(座右铭)fortheso-called‘service’organization-StaffBeforeService.Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherearen’tenoughstaffondutyatalltheservicecounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletoincreasecounterstaff.Yetsupermarkets,hintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatbringingalltheircashregistersintooperationatanytimewouldincreaseexpenses.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicecounterstobeoccupied‘attimeswhendemandislow’.　　It’sthesamewithhotels.Becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceisdiminished.Asforusguests(andhowthemeaningofthatwordhasbeencutawaylittlebylittle),wejusthavetoputupwithit.There’salsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeengraduallywithdrawnfromserviceintheinterestsof‘efficiency’(i.e.profits)andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichsupplyeverythingfrombeertomedicine,nottomentionthecreepingthreatofthetea-makingsetinyourroom:akettlewithteabags,milkbagssugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idon’t,especiallywhenIampayingfor‘service’.　　Ouronlyhopeistohammerourirritationwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,

28restorethatother,oldersaying-TakeOurCustom(买卖)Elsewhere.　　36.Theauthorfeelsthatnowadayscustomersare________.　　A)notworthyofspecialtreatment　　B)notprovidedwithproperservice　　C)consideredtobeinferiormembersofsociety　　D)regardedasprivileged　　37.Intheauthor’sopinion,thequalityofserviceischangingbecause________.　　A)thestaffarelessconsideratethanemployers　　B)customersarebecomingmoredemanding　　C)customersunwillingtopayextramoney　　D)moreconsiderationisgiventothestaffthancustomers　　38.Accordingtotheauthor,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby________.　　A)thediminishingsupplyofgoodstaff　　B)lackofcooperationamongstaff　　C)inefficientstaff　　D)deliberateunderstaffing　　39.Thedisappearanceofold-stylehotelporterscanbeattributedtothefactthat________.　　A)self-serviceprovidesacheaperalternative　　B)thepersonaltouchislessappreciatednowadays　　C)machinesaremorereliablethanhumanbeings　　D)fewpeoplearewillingtodothistypeofwork　　40.Theauthor’sfinalsolutiontotheproblemdiscussedinthepassageis________.　　A)toputupwithwhateverserviceisprovided　　B)tomakestrongcomplaintswherevernecessary　　C)tofullyutilizeallkindsofcoin-eatingmachines　　D)togowheregoodserviceisavailable考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.A28.C29.C30.B31.D32.C33.B34.A35.C36.B37.D38.D39.A40.D1993年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents,“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesterUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.　　Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,a

29conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.　　Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy(不受干扰的生活).Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated(约会),soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’house.”　　Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.　　21.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.________.　　A)foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently　　B)formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents　　C)formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence　　D)foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents　　22.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?　　A)Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.　　B)Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.　　C)Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.　　D)Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.　　23.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat________.　　A)therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife　　B)mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeep　　C)theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents　　D)publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents　　24.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans________.　　A)agreements　　B)worries来源：www.examda.com　　C)disadvantages　　D)quarrels　　25.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?　　A)Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.　　B)Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.　　C)Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.考试大论坛　　D)Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

30　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thewordconservationhasathrifty(节俭)meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“limitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.　　Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.　　Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable(水位)inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds(上游源头森林地带集水区)needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.　　26.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis________.　　A)positive　　B)neutral　　C)suspiciouswww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　D)critical　　27.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat________.　　A)theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry　　B)theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotection　　C)theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy　　D)theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials　　28.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize________.　　A)theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings　　B)theimportanceoftheproperuseofland　　C)theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods　　D)thevalueofthebeautyofnature　　29.Toavoidcorrectingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat________.　　A)weplantmoretrees来源：www.examda.com　　B)naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody　　C)

31environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone　　D)wereturntonature　　30.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Lines7-8,Para.3)?　　A)Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.　　B)Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.　　C)Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.　　D)Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic(流行病)ofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.　　Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit(睡眠不足)crisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”　　Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssayisthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’regottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”　　Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”　　31.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad________.　　A)nodriveandambition　　B)noelectriclighting　　C)thebestsleephabits　　D)nothingtodointheevening考试大论坛　　32.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans________.　　A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife　　B)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit　　C)donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly　　D)cangetbyon6.5hoursof

32sleep　　33.ManyAmericansbelievethat________.　　A)sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy　　B)theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife　　C)tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday　　D)enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition　　34.Theword“subjects”(Line1,Para.4)refersto________.　　A)theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit　　B)specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied　　C)peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied　　D)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit　　35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto________.　　A)improveone’smemorydramatically　　B)beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople　　C)maintainone’sdailyschedule　　D)feelenergeticandperformadequately　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.　　Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.　　36.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause________.　　A)personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillness　　B)ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge　　C)itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety　　D)wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth　　37.To“liveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Line7,Para.1)inthepassagemeans

33________.　　A)to“liveaninactivelife”　　B)to“liveadecentlife”　　C)to“livealifewithcompletefreedom”　　D)to“livealifeofvice”　　38.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause________.　　A)currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient　　B)therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions　　C)fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflife　　D)peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends　　39.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopurseunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriedandCrapoto________.　　A)improvingthequalityofone’slife　　B)limitingone’spersonalhealthchoice　　C)deliberatelyendingone’slife　　D)breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior　　40.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon________.　　A)personaldecisions　　B)society’slaws考试大论坛　　C)statisticalevidence　　D)friends’opinions　　21.A22.B23.A24.D25.C26.D27.B28.A29.C30.D31.B32.B33.A34.C35.D36.D37.A38.B39.C40.C1994年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼虫).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(小虾)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.　　TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch(孵化).Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.　　Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequally

34rapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.　　Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.来源：www.examda.com　　21.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?　　A)Theirlivesarebrief.　　B)Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.　　C)Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.　　D)Theylaytheireggsinthemud.　　22.Bysaying“fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime”(Para.3,line2)theauthormeans________.　　A)theyhavetoswimfasttoavoiddangerintherapidlyevaporatinglake　　B)theyhavetoswimfasttocatchtheanimalorganismsonwhichtheysurvive　　C)theyhavetomultiplyasmanyaspossiblewithinthirteendays　　D)theyhavetocompletetheirlifecyclewithinashortspanoftimepermittedbytheenvironment　　23.Thepassagemainlydealswith________.　　A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps　　B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps　　C)theimportanceofwatertolife　　D)lifeintheMojaveDesert来源：考试大　　24.Theword“dormant”(Para.4,Line3)mostprobablymeans________.　　A)inactive　　B)strong　　C)alert　　D)soft　　25.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat________.　　A)appearanceandsizearemostimportantforlifetosurviveinthedesert　　B)aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurvive　　C)forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought　　D)somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinextremelyharshconditions　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Opportunitiesforrewardingworkbecomefewerforbothmenandwomenastheygrowolder.Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretooold

35forratherthanfacepossiblerejection.Ouryouth-oriented,throw-awaycultureseeslittlevalueinolderpeople.InwriterLilianHellman’swords,theyhave“thewisdomthatcomeswithagethatwecan’tmakeuseof.“　　Unemploymentandeconomicneedforworkishigheramongolderwomen,especiallyminorities,thanamongyoungerwhitewomen.Anationalcouncilreportsthesefindings:thoughunemployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjob-huntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism(缺勤),performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillingtolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.Yetmanyolderwomenearnpoorpayandfaceafutureofpovertyintheirretirementyears.When“sexismmeetsageism,povertyisnolongeronthedoorstepitmovesin,”accordingtoTishSommers,directorofaspecialstudyonolderwomenfortheNationalOrganizationforWomen.　　Yeta1981reportontheWhiteHouseConferenceonAgingshowsthatasagroup,olderAmericansarethe“wealthiest,bestfed,besthoused,healthiest,mostself-reliantolderpopulationinourhistory.“Thisstatementissmallcomforttothoselivingbelowthepovertyline,butitdoesexplodesomeoftheoldtraditionalbeliefsandfears.Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.Theyhavefewrolemodelsbecauseinpreviousgenerationsthelifespanwasmuchshorterandexpectationsoflifewerefewer.Theyareploughingnewground.　　Employersarebeginningtorecognizethatthematurepersoncanbringagreatdealofstabilityandresponsibilitytoaposition.Onedoesn’tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone’s65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.　　26.Aftertheageof40,________.来源：考试大　　A)mostworkersaretiredoftheirpresentjobs　　B)manyworkerstendtosticktheirpresentjobs　　C)peoplefindtheirjobsmorerewardingthanbefore　　D)peoplestillwishtohuntformoresuitablejobs　　27.FromHeilman’sremark,wecanseethat________.　　A)fullusehasbeenmadeofthewisdomofolderpeople　　B)thewisdomofolderpeopleisnotvaluedbyAmericansociety　　C)olderpeoplearenolessintelligentthanyoungpeople　　D)thewisdomofolderpeopleisofgreatvaluetoAmericansociety　　28.TishSommersarguesthat________.　　A)olderwomenfindithardtoescapepoverty　　B)olderwomenusuallyperformbetterintheirjobs　　C)themajorcauseofthepovertyofolderwomenissexism　　D)morepeoplehavecometobelieveinsexismandageism　　29.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,itcanbeseenthatolderAmericans________.　　A)havemorejobopportunitiesthanyoungpeople　　B)livebelowthepovertyline　　C)havenewopportunitiestoremainactiveinsociety　　D)nolongerbelieveinthepromiseofahappylifeuponretirement　　30.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriter________.　　A)callsattentiontothelivingconditionsofolder

36Americans　　B)believesthatvalueofolderpeopleisgainingincreasingrecognition　　C)attemptstojustifytheyouth-oriented,throw-awaycultureoftheUnitedStates　　D)arguespeopleshouldnotretireattheageof65or70　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.Nothingcanexceedthejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisimportanttoyou!Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformationyoucomeacrossaccidentally—orasuddeninsight,fittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.Suchpersonalencountersarethe“payoff”ineducation.Ateachermaydirectyoutolearningandevenencourageyouinit—butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen.That’suptoyou.　　Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassroom,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.Preparingtheresearchpaperisanactiveandindividualprocess,andideallearningprocess.Itprovidesastructurewithinwhichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,thatarebasictoeducation.Buttheresearchpaperalsogivesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,tosuitapieceofworktoyourowninterestsandabilities,toshowotherswhatyoucando.Writingaresearchpaperismorethanjustaclassroomexercise.Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskillsapplicabletobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthefullestsense,adiscovering,aneducation.So,toproduceagoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughlysatisfyingexperience!　　Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.Toothers,theveryideaofhavingtoworkindependentlyisthreatening.Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxiety,andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome.Instead,consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangiveyou.来源：www.examda.com　　31.Accordingtothewriter,personaldiscoveries________.　　A)willgiveoneencouragementanddirection　　B)arehelpfulinfindingtherightinformation　　C)arethemostvaluablepartofone’spersonaleducation　　D)willhelponetosuccessfullycompleteschoolassignments　　32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwritingaresearchpapergivesonechances________.　　A)tofullydevelopone’spersonalabilities　　B)tousetheskillslearntintheclassroom　　C)toprovethatoneisaproductivewriter　　D)todemonstratehowwellonecanaccomplishschoolassignment　　33.Fromthecontext,theword“disconcerting”(Para.3,Line2)mostprobablymeans________.　　A)misleading　　B)embarrassing　　C)stimulating　　D)

37upsetting　　34.Thewriterarguesinthepassagethat________.　　A)oneshouldexplorenewareasinresearch　　B)oneshouldtrustone’sownabilitytomeetcourserequirements　　C)oneshouldconsiderresearchpaperwritingapleasure,notaburden　　D)oneshoulduseallone’sknowledgeandskillswhendoingresearch　　35.Whatwillprobablyfollowthispassage?　　A)Howtowritearesearchpaper.　　B)Theimportanceofresearchineducation.　　C)Howtomakenewdiscoveriesforoneself.　　D)Theskillofputtingpiecesofinformationtogether.　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“mastery”—feelingimportantandworth-while-andthesourcesofwhatwecallasense“pleasure”-findinglifeenjoyable-arenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenaretold“Youcan’thaveitall.”Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:“Youchoseacareer,soyoucan’texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife.”or“Youhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren—What’sallthisaboutwantingacareer?”Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.　　Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-beinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem(自尊),asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe“doing”sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism(乐观).Itistiedmorecloselytothe“feeling”sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.　　Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.　　Awoman’swell-beingisenhanced(增进)whenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles-marriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.　　36.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat________.　　A)forwomen,asenseof“mastery”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“pleasure”　　B)forwomen,asenseof“pleasure”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“mastery”　　C)womencan’thaveasenseof“mastery”andasenseof“pleasure”atthesametime　　D)asenseof“mastery”andasenseof“pleasure”arebothindispensabletowomen　　37.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswomenhavingacareeris________.　　A)critical　　B)

38positive　　C)neutral　　D)realistic来源：www.examda.com　　38.Onecanconcludefromthepassagethatifawomantakesonseveralsocialroles,________.　　A)itwillbeeasierforhertoovercomestressandstrain　　B)shewillbemoresuccessfulinhercareer　　C)herchancesofgettingpromotedwillbegreater　　D)herlifewillbericherandmoremeaningful　　39.Whichofthefollowingcanbeidentifiedasasourceof“pleasure”forwomen?　　A)Familylife　　B)Regularemployment来源：www.examda.com　　C)Multiplerolesinsociety　　D)Freedomfromanxiety　　40.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe________.　　A)Thewell-beingofCareerWomen　　B)SourcesofMasteryandPleasure　　C)TwoAspectsofWomen’sWell-Being　　D)FreedomRolesWomeninSociety21.C22.D23.B24.A25.D26.B27.C28.A29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.C35.A36.D37.B38.D39.A40.C1995年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.　　Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露),andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweuseto

39obtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(讽刺性地)thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofsatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosureandtruthfulstatements).　　21.Theword“pinpoint”(Para.1,Line3)basicallymeans________.　　A)appreciatewww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　B)obtain　　C)interpret　　D)identify　　22.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?　　A)Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.　　B)Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.　　C)Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.　　D)Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople’spersonality.　　23.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger’ssuggestionsthat________.　　A)peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion　　B)inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly　　C)thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons　　D)face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson　　24.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor’sopinion,are________.　　A)personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwith　　B)barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywith　　C)assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatements　　D)thingspeopleshouldguardagainst　　25.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.　　A)togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasions　　B)toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeople　　C)tocallthereader’sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople’scharacters　　D)todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitors’rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorcompetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremaincompetitive.AppleComputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonalcomputers,theMackintoshIIandMackintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple’smajorcompetitors.　　Apple’snewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.The

40improvedMackintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBM-compatible(兼容的)programs.Thiscompatibilityfeatureillustratescomputermanufactures’newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MakingApplecomputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple’seffortatmakingtheMackintoshcompatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales.UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessories(附件)tomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.　　Thenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.Companyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputer.Applewantstostayinthehigh-priceendofthepersonalcomputermarkettofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedcomputers.　　EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorcompetitors,bothcompaniesrealizethattheircompetitor’scomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics(图形),whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwocompanies’products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.　　26.Accordingtothepassage,AppleComputer,Inc,hasintroducedtheMackintoshIIandtheMackintoshSEbecause________.　　A)IBMischangingitscomputermodelscontinuously　　B)itwantstomakeitsmachinesspecializeinspecificuses　　C)itwantstostayaheadofIBMinthecompetitivecomputermarket　　D)itexpectsitsmajorcompetitorIBMtofollowitsexample　　27.ApplehopestoincreaseMackintoshsaleschieflyby________.　　A)makingitsnewmodelscapableofrunningIBMsoftware　　B)improvingthecolorgraphicsofitsnewmodels　　C)copyingthemarketingstrategiesofIBM　　D)givingthecustomerswhattheywant　　28.Applesellsitsnewcomputermodelsatahighpricebecause________.　　A)theyhavenewfeaturesandfunctions　　B)theyaremoresophisticatedthanothermodels　　C)theyhavenewaccessoriesattached　　D)itwantstoaccumulatefundsforfutureresearch　　29.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbothAppleandIBMtrytogainacompetitiveadvantageby________.　　A)copyingeachother’stechnology　　B)incorporatingfeaturesthatmaketheirproductsdistinctive　　C)makingtheircomputermoreexpensive来源：考试大　　D)makingtheircomputersrunmuchfaster　　30.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.　　A)Apple’sEffortstoStayAheadofIBM　　B)Apple’sNewComputerTechnology　　C)Apple’sNewpersonalComputers　　D)Apple’sResearchActivities

41　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.　　Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,ofevenofearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.　　Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighbourasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.　　31.Theword“paradox”(Para.1,Line1)means“________”.　　A)implication　　B)contradiction　　C)interpretation　　D)confusion　　32.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because________.　　A)areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences　　B)ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems　　C)ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect　　D)wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena　　33.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause________.　　A)itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience采集者退散　　B)newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences　　C)itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityof

42data　　D)therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable　　34.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause________.　　A)contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime　　B)newinformationisconstantlycomingin　　C)thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict　　D)ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate　　35.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause________.　　A)theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried　　B)ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure　　C)onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved　　D)fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowing.　　Intheearlydaysofnuclearpower,theUnitedStatesmademoneyonit.Buttodayopponentshavesocomplicateditsdevelopmentthatnonuclearplantshavebeenorderedorbuiltherein12years.　　Thegreatestfearofnuclearpoweropponentshasalwaysbeenareactor“meltdown”(堆内熔化).Today,thechancesofameltdownthatwouldthreatenU.S.publichealthareverylittle.Buttoevenfurtherreducethepossibility,engineersaretestingnewreactorsthatrelynotonhumanjudgementtoshutthemdownbutonthelawsofnature.NowGeneralElectricisalreadybuildingtwoadvancedreactorsinJapan.Butdon’texpectthemeveronU.S.shoresunlessthingschangeinWashington.采集者退散　　Theprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsisabaddream.Anytimeduring,orevenafter,construction,anobjectionbyanygrouporindividualcanbringeverythingtoahaltwhilethematterisinvestigatedortakentocourt.Meanwhile,thebuildermustaddnice-but-not-necessaryimprovements,someofwhichforcehimtoknockdownwallsandstartover.Ineverycasewhereaplanthasbeenopposed,theNuclearRegulationCommissionhasultimatelygrantedalicensetoconstructoroperate.Butthevictoryoftencostssomuchthattheutilityendsupabandoningtheplantanyway.　　AcaseinpointistheShorehamplantonNewYork’sLongIsland.ShorehamwasavirtualtwintotheMillstoneplantinConnecticut,bothorderedinthemid-’60s.Millstone,completedfor$101million,hasbeengeneratingelectricityfortwodecades.Shoreham,however,wassingledoutbyanti-nuclearactivistswho,bysendinginendlessprotests,drovethecostover$5billionanddelayeditsuseformanyyears.　　Shorehamfinallywonitsoperationlicense.Buttheplanthasneverproducedawattofpower.GovernorMarioCuomo,anopponentofaShorehamstart-up,usedhispowertoforceNewYork’spublic-utilitiescommissiontoacceptthefollowingsettlement;thepowercompanycouldpassthecostofShorehamalongtoitsconsumersonlyifitagreednottooperatetheplant!Today,aperfectlygoodfacility,capableofservicinghundredsofhomes,sitsrusting.　　36.Whathasmadetheprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsabaddream?　　A)TheinefficiencyoftheNuclearRegulationcommission.　　B)Theenormouscostofconstructionand

43operation.　　C)Thelengthoftimeittakestomakeinvestigations.　　D)Theobjectionoftheopponentsofnuclearpower.　　37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that________.　　A)itisnottechnicaldifficultiesthatpreventthebuildingofnuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.　　B)therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresintheU.S.forrunningnewnuclearpowerplants　　C)therearealreadymorenuclearpowerplantsthannecessaryintheU.S.　　D)theAmericangovernmentwillnotallowJapanesenuclearreactorstobeinstalledintheU.S.　　38.Anyobjection,howevertrivialitmaybe,can________.　　A)forcethepowercompaniestocanceltheproject　　B)delaytheconstructionoroperationofanuclearplant　　C)causeaseriousdebatewithintheNuclearRegulationCommission　　D)takethebuilderstocourt　　39.GovernorMario’schiefintentioninproposingthesettlementwasto________.　　A)stoptheShorehamplantfromgoingintooperation　　B)helpthepowercompanytosolveitsfinancialproblems　　C)urgethepowercompanytofurtherincreaseitspowersupply　　D)permittheShorehamplanttooperateundercertainconditions　　40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofnuclearpoweris________.　　A)negative　　B)neutral　　C)positive　　D)questioning　1995年-2008年英语六级作文题目及范文汇总1995年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyviewontheNegativeEffectsofSomeAdvertisements.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:　　1.现在有些不良的商业广告　　2.这些广告的副作用和危害性　　3.我对这些广告的态度　　[参考范文]　　MyviewontheNegativeEffectsofSomeAdvertisementsNowadaystherarealotoffalseadvertisementsinsociety.Theyhavecausedmanyharmstosociety.Generally,theirharmscanbelistedasfollows.　　First,theyexaggeratethefunctionsofthegoodstheyadvertiseandmisleadconsumers.　　Second,someadvertisementscontainobscenecontentsandbringaboutspiritualpollution.　　Third,theyseriouslydamagethecreditofbusinessesbecausetheshopswhichsellthosegoodswillbedistrustedandevenconsideredtheconspiratorsofthoseadvertisersbyconsumers.　　Personally,IamusuallyvigilantagainstanyadvertisementsandsoIhaveneverbeentaken

44in.However,somepeoplearecredulousandareeasilytakenin.Therefore,inmyopinion,effectivemeasuresmustbetakentobanfalseadvertisementsandprotectconsumers’interests.First,alltheadvertisementsmustbestrictlycensoredbytheauthoritiesconcernedbeforetheyarepublished.Besides,severepunishmentmustbeinflictedonthosewhopublishillegaladvertisements.Inconclusion,falseadvertisementsmustbeeliminatedinoursociety.　　1996年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicWhyITaketheCollegeEnglishTestBand6.youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyourcompositionshouldincludethefollowingtwopoints(giveninChinese)：　　1.有人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试(简称CET-6)。　　2.我参加CET-6考试的理由。　　[参考范文]　　WhyITaketheCollegeEnglishTestBand6　SomestudentsthinkitunnecessarytotakeCET-6.TheyholdthisviewsbecauseCET-6is　notcompulsoryandtheycangetadegreesolongastheypassCET-4.However,Ithinkit　necessaryandbeneficialtotakeCET-6.Thereasonsareobvious.　　First,ifIdecidetotakeCET-6,natually,topassCET-6becomesagoalIsetmyselfand　withagoaltostrivetowardsIwillcontinuetostudyEnglishhard.OfcoursemyEnglishwillnotbeneglectedinthethirdandfourthyears.Besides,ifIpassCET-6,Icangetacertificatewhich,tosomeextent,showsmyexperienceandqualificationsothatIcancompetewithotherinjob-hunting.Mostimportantofall,agoodknowledgeofEnglishwillhelpmyworkandscientificresearchinthefuture.　　Allinall,takingCET-6doesgoodbothtomystudiesandtomypersonaladvancement.　　1996年6月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHealthGainsinDevelopingCountries.Youmustbaseyourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveninChinese):　　1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(lifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况。　　2.说明引起变化的各种原因。　　[参考范文]HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries　　Inthedevelopingcountriesgreatchangestookplaceinlifeexpectancyandinfantmortalityintheperiodfrom1960to1990.In1960lifeexpectancywasverylow,whileinfantmortalitywsveryhigh.However,in1990lifeexpectancyincreased,whereasinfantmortalitydeclined.　　Therearemanyreasonsforthechanges,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.First,theirlivingconditionswereimproved.Intheolddayspeopleinthedevelopingcountriessufferedhungerandwereexposedtotheelements.Nowadaystheyarewellfedandhoused.Naturallytheylivelongerthanbefore.Besides,themedicalconditionwasalsoimprovedandsotheadequatemedicaltreatmentensurestheadults’healthandreducesinfantmortality.Mostimportantofall,intheearly60stherewereconstantwarsinsomedevelopingcountriesbecauseofthecolonialruleandsoalotofpeoplewerekilledinwars.Nowadaysmostdevelopingcountrieshavebecomeindependentcountriesandtheirpeopleliveapeacefullife.　　Inconclusion,thenationalindependenceandsocialstabilityareresponsibleforthesechanges.

45　　1997年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHasteMakesWaste.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:　　1.为什么说“欲速则不达”　　2.试举例说明　　[参考范文]HasteMakesWaste　　"Hastemakeswaste"isanEnglishproverbwhichhasequivalentexpressionsinmanylanguages.Ithasbecomeapreceptwhosevalueisuniversallyaccepted.　　Thisproverbcanbeverifiedbymanyotherproverbs"Thereisnoroyalroadinlearning","Romewasnotbuiltinaday".Anywayitmeansthatoneshouldnotbeoveranxiousforquickresults,otherwisehewillfail.Ifonewantstobeascholar,heshouldmakepersistentefforts,buryinghimselfinbooks.Ifhewantstotakesashortcut,hewillneverbecomeascholar.Ifonewantstobepresidentofacountry,heshouldfirstdisplayhisremarkableabilityinhisroutineworksothathisabilitywillberecognizedandacceptedbyothers.　　However,ifheisimpatientforsuccess,hewillneverrealizehisgoal.Ifamancourtsawoman,heshouldrytowinherlovegradually.Heshouldnotexpectttowinherheartwithinaday,otherwisehewillnevergettruelove.Inconclusion,oneshouldfollowinorderandadvancestepbystepandshouldnotbeimpatientforsuccess,otherwisehewillsufferasetback.　　1998年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(givenonChinese)below:　　1.假冒伪劣商品的危害。　　2.怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。　　[参考范文]MyViewonFakeCommodities　　Nowadaystherearealotoffakecommoditiesonthemarket.Theyrangefromdailycommoditiestoexpensivegoods.Theyhavecausedmanyharmsinsociety.　　First,fakecommoditiesdamagetheconsumers’interests.Inaddition,fakecommoditiesaffectbusinessmenandmanufacturers,too.Thosewhohavebeendeceivedwillbereluctanttoconsume,whichwillmakebusinessslack.Worstofall,somefakecommoditiessuchasmedicine,gascylinderandelectricdeviceswillendangerpeople’slivesandsocialsecurity.　　Therearemanywaystoeliminatefakecommoditiesbutthefollowingonesmaybeeffective.　　First,thelawsoftheprotectionofconsumersshouldbeenforcedtoseverelypunishthosewhoproduceorsellfakecommodities.Second,consumersshouldbetaughthowtotellgoodcommoditiesfromfakeones.Third,theyshouldbeadvisedtoprotecttheirowninterestsandnottobeledastraybyfalseadvertisements.　　Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemoffakecommoditiesandlaunchacampaignagainstthem.Onlyinthiswaywillfakecommoditiesbepossiblyeliminatedfromthemarketinthefuture.　　1998年6月大学英语四级和六级(相同)作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDo　“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyou

46should　baseyourcompositiontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.　　1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。　　2.　我认为数字和运气无关，......　　[范文]Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?　　Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthatsomeluckynumberscanbringthemgoodluck.Forinstance,theso-calledluckynumber“8”iswidelyusednowbecauseitissoundedlike“gettingrich”inChineseandisbelievedtobringgoodfortune.　　Yetmanyothersdon’tthinkso.Theythinkthatnumbershavenothingtodowithluck.　　Theyregardnumberssimplyasamathematicsymbolsforcounting.Theyareanythingbutamystery.Theylaughatthosewhothinknumberscanbringgoodluck.　　I’minfavorofthelatteropinion.Ithinkoursocietyisverymodernnow.Wemustn’tcountontheso-calledluckynumberstofulfillourwishes.Whetherwecanhavegoodluckdependsonourselves.Ifweworkhard,goodluckwillcometous.　　1999年1月大学英语四级和六级(相同)作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDon’tHesitatetoSay"No".Youshouldwriteatleast100-160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:　　1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说"不"　　2.为什么有些人在该说"不"的时候不说"不"　　3.该说"不"时不说"不"的坏处　　[范文]Don’tHesitatetoSay"No"　　Inourdailylife,therearemanyoccasionsonwhichweshouldnothesitatetorefusewhenaskedforhelp.Foronething,whenitisbeyondourability,weshouldgiveadirectreply“no”.Foranother,wethethingweareaskedforisunreasonableorevenillegal,weshouldsay“no”withouthesitation.　　However,itisnotthecaseinourreallife.Manypeopleprefertosay“yes”whentheyshouldsay“no”.Someareafraidtolosetheirface,sincetheythinkrefusalmeanstheirinability.Somepeopleareafraidtooffendtheiracquaintances’face,suchastheirfriends,relativesandsoon.　　Infact,doingsoisquiteharmful.Ifyouagreetodothethingsbeyondyourability,theresultwillonlybeworse.Theothermightaswellhaveaskedanotherpersonwhocanhelp.Andifyouagreetodotheunreasonableoreventheillegalfavors,suchascheatingintheexam,youareinfactnothelpingtheotherbuthurtinghim.Youyourselfwillgetintotroubletoo.　　2000年1月大学英语四级、六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:　　1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决　　2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)　　[范文]HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation　　Severalyearsagonewtuitionfeepolicywasputintopracticeandcollegestudentswereaskedtopayacertainsumofmoney.Andnow,allthestudents,nomatterwhatsubjectstheyareengagedin,mustpayfortuition.　　Therearemanywaysforastudenttofinancehiscollegeeducation.Moststudentsasktheir

47parentstopaythetuitionfeeandpayfortheirbooks,accommodationandothercost.Astudentcanalsoapplyforthescholarship.Mostuniversitiessetupscholarshiptooffermoneytothepoorstudentswhodowellinentranceexamsandrewardthosewhodowellinentranceexamsandrewardthosewhoworkwellatuniversity.Astudentcanalsoapplyforthelow-interestloans.Inadditiontotheabove,takingpart-timejobsisalsoacommonwayforacollegestudenttogetmoneytopaypartofhistuitionandfees.　　SofarasI’mconcerned,I’dpreferearningthescholarship.ThismeansImuststudyhardandbeatopstudent,whichhasalwaysbeenmygoal.Afterall,thetaskofastudentistostudy.Andinadditiontosolvingmyfinancialproblems,gettingthescholarshipcanalsoprovemyabilityandisgoodformyfuture.　　2001年1月大学英语四级、六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:　　1.面试在求职过程中的作用　　2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是......　　[范文]HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?　　Nowadays,inanevertighterjobmarket,greatimportancehasbeenattachedtoaninterviewbyboththeemployerandtheapplicant.Theinterview,sotospeak,hasbecomeindispensableforgettingasatisfactoryjob.Ontheonehand,theinterviewercantakeadvantageoftheoccasiontolearnaboutthecandidates,suchastheirworkexperiences,educationandtheirpersonalities,soastopickouttherightpersonforthecompany.Ontheotherhand,theintervieweecanmakeuseoftheopportunitytogettoknowthejobheisgoingtotakeup,thesalary,theworkingconditionsandmanyotherthingsaboutthejobheisinterestedin.　　Therefore,thejobinterviewisveryimportanttoajob-hunter.Buthowcanonesucceedinit?Firstlyofall,theintervieweemustpayattentiontohisorherappearance.Thefirstimpressionisalwayswherewestart.Getdressedproperlyandneatly.Secondly,goodmannersareequallyimportant.Don’tbetooproud,andneithertootimid.Justbecourteous.Thirdly,theintervieweemustdemonstratehisaptitudeandskillsforthejobandhisknowledgeaboutehjob-relatedareas.Beconfident.Lastbutnottheleast,theintervieweeoughttobehonestabouthisorherpersonalaswellasacademicbackground,forhonestyisthebestpolicy.　　Tosumup,thejobinterviewisindeedimportant,butthereisnoneedtobenervous.Aslongastheintervieweehastheabilityforthejob,withcarefulpreparationandafairly　confidentandhonestperformance,hisorhersuccesscanbeensured.　　2001年6月大学英语四级、六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringtheweek-longholiday.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.　　1.表示欢迎　　2.提出对度假安排的建议　　3.提醒应注意的事项　　[范文]Alettertoa

48Schoolmate　　June23,2001　　DearXiaoWang,　　I’mdelightedtolearnthatyouaregoingtovisitmeduringtheweek-longvacation.Myparentswillalsobehappytoseeyouagain.I’msureyouwillenjoyeveryminutehere.　　Iknowyouarefondofswimming.Ariverliesnotfarawayfrommyhome.Wecangoswimmingthere.Ithinkitwouldbeverypleasantandrefreshingtoswiminsuchhotsummerdays.Ineverybigroomofmyhomethereisanair-conditioner.WecanwatchTV,playCDsorreadbooksverycomfortablyathome.　　Amountainabouttwomilesawayfromhereisbeautifulanditisworthtouring.Wecangothereonfoot.Whenweclimbtothetopofthemountain,wecanhaveawonderfulbird-eyeviewofthewholevillage.Justphonemebeforeyousetoff.Thereisnoneedforyoutotakeanything.I’llprepareeverythingforyou.　　Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.　　Yours,　　ZhangYing　　2002年6月大学英语四级、六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间:1990年(2hours)、1995年(4hours)、2002年(14hours)，请描述其变化;　　2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);　　3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。　　[参考范文]StudentUseofComputers　　Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours;whilein2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.　　Obviouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.　　Alongwiththetimespentoncomputers,therearisesomeproblems.ThemostseriousoneisthatmanystudentsarespendingsomuchtimeplayingPCgamessothattheyignoretheirstudies.Itisurgenttoletthestudentsusecomputersinaproperway.　　2003年1月大学英语四级、六级作文题目及范文　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegiven　　belowinChinese.　　1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象　　2.诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实　　[范文]ItPaystoBe

49Honest　　Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.　　Dishonestpeopleareshort-sighted.Thosewhosellfakeproductsmaymakemoneyatfirst,butconsumerswon’tbuytheirproductsanymore.Asaresult,theywilllosetheirfortuneorevenbesenttoprison.Bycontrast,honestpeoplegainalot.　　Thosewhoalwaystelltruthorkeeptotheirpromisenotonlyletotherstrustthembutgainrespectfromotherpeopleaswell.Suchpersonsaresuretohavealotofgoodfriends.　　Becausetheyaretrustableandrespectable,everyoneiseagertomakefriendswiththem,Besides,itiseasierforapersonwithagoodrecordtogetagoodjob.Generallyspeaking,everyemployerwantshisemployeestobehonest.Sowecansaythatanyonewhoishonestwill　bepaidbacklater.Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonor.Soitisimportantthatweshouldbehonest.　　2003年6月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　图表内容是1990，1995，2000的公房和私房变化柱状表，趋势是公房越来越少，私房越来越多。　　提纲：1.简单描述一下图表内容　　2.变化原因　　3.这个变化对个人和社会的影响　　字数150以上，时间30分钟。　　[参考范文]ChangesofOwnershipofHousesinChina　　OwnershipofhousesinChinahaschangedgreatlyinthepastdecade.Inthepast,mosthouseswerestateowned.Butnow,privatehousesareeverywhere.Asisshowninthechartabove,in1990,thecity’shousesweremainlystate-owned,withapercentageof75.Thispercentagebecame60intheyear1995andthendroppedsharplyto20in2000.Atthesametime,thenumberofprivatehouseshassoaredupto80percent.　　Therearemainlytworeasonsthataccountforthisrapidchange.Firstly,thegovernmenthasbeenforwardingthepolicytosupportprivatehousesprograms.TheseprogramshaveprovedtobeveryimportantindevelopingChina’seconomy.Secondly,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people’sstandardoflivinghasrisen.Theywanttohavetheirownhousestosatisfytheirneeds.　　Thechangehasenabledmorepeopletoenjoylargerlivingspace.Atthesametime,peoplefeelpressuretomakemoremoneysothattheycanbuytheirownhouses.　　2003年9月英语六级作文及其范文　　PartVWriting(30minutes)　　图表作文，关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量(popfiction,generalnonfiction,science,art等)，给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书。　　[范文]　　FromthetablebasedonasurveywemadeofthereadingpreferencesofstudentsinanAmericanuniversityin2002,welearntthat,ofallkindsofbookds,contemporaryuniversitystudentslikeficitionsbest,whichhas65.9percentofbookcirculationinlibrarywhileotherkindsofbookshavelowpercentage:generalnonfiction--18.2,science/technology/education-10.8,art/literature/poetry--5.1.Itsuggeststhatcontemporarystudentsaremuchmoreeasilyinfluencedbythefashionthaneverbefore.It’sareasonableand

50goodphenomenonbecauseitrevealsthatuniversitystudentsliketokeepupwiththedevelopmentofsociety.Thustheywilleasilyadaptthemselvesintothenewlifeaftertheygraduatefromschool.　　Generally,Ilikereadingnonfictions,foritistightlyconnectedwiththereality.Tosomedegree,it’snousereadingtoomuchfictionswhichsometimeswilltakeyouintofancyfantasy.Fastlifepacealsodon’tallowmetoreadbooksonartorpoetry.Tome,nonfictionisevenhelpfulinanalyzingsocietyandhumanity.　　2004年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重　　2.浪费的危害　　3.杜绝浪费,从我做起　　[参考范文]ReduceWasteonCampus　　Asisknowntoall,wasteoncampushasbecomeamoreandmoreseriousproblem.Wecaneasilyseemanystudentsdumpalotoffoodinthegarbagecan.Somestudentsspendthousandsofyuanbuyingfashionableclothesandsoon.　　Thenegativeeffectsofwastecanbeshowninthefollowingaspects.Inthefirstplace,itmakessomestudentsdependentontheirparentsformoney,whichisharmfultotheirdevelopment.Iftheydon’tlearntosupportthemselves,theywillbe“uselesspeople”whentheygraduate.Inthesecondplace,itisnoteasyforourparentstoarrangeforourschooling.Lastbutnottheleastimportant,thereisnodenyingthefactthatourcountryisstillpoor.Therearemanypeoplewhocannotgotouniversityandmanypoorpeoplestillneedourhelp.　　AsfarasIamconcerned,Ishouldsetagoodexampletoreducewasteoncampus.Firstofall,Iwillrefrainfromwastinganything,fromfoodtostationery.What’smore,I’mdeterminedtocallonmoreschoolmatestofightagainstwaste.Onlythroughthesemeasurescanwehopetoreducewasteoncampus.　　2004年6月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信　　。信中必须包括以下内容：　　1、事情的起因　　2、与书店交涉的经过　　3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量　　[参考范文]　　June19,2004　　DearEditor,　　IamwritingthislettertoreflectsomeproblemsIcameacrossrecentlyand.appealtotheimprovementoftheserviceindustry.　　ThisweekendIboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinabookstorenearmyhomesinceitscoveriselaboratelydesigned.ButwhenIwenthomeandreadcarefully,Ifoundthattheseveralpagesofthedictionaryhavebeencrackedandbefouled.Whatisworse,themisprintsspreadeverywhereinthedictionaryandseriouslyaffectmycomprehension.Sincetherewassuchdamageandmisprinttothedictionary,Iwenttothebookstoretorequireforareplace.　　Buttomysurprise,thestaffofthebookstoreturndownmyrequestrudelyandevendeniedthepoorqualityofthedictionary.Itgoeswithoutsayingthattoday’sface-pacedand

51market-orientedeconomycallsformuchhigherstandardforserviceindustry.However,tomyregret,manyofthecommercialsfailtoachievethisstandardandthequalityofthestaffneedstobeimproved.It’sself-evidentthatthepoorqualityofpractitionersintheserviceindustrywillnotonlydeeplydisappointcustomersbutalsohamperthedevelopmentofourcountry’seconomy.Asaresult,Iexpectyournewspapertoappealtotheserviceindustrytoattachmoreimportancetotheserviceimprovement.　　Thankyouforyourattention!　　Sincerelyyours,　　Sam　　2005年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文　　1，对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况　　2，目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理　　3，希望捐助，联系方式　　[范文]YourHelpNeeded　　Dearfriends,　　Assomeofyoumayknow,Lucy,alovelygirlstudent,ajuniorfromtheDepartmentofFineArts,hasbeenseriouslyill.Infact,shehasbeensufferingfromhepatitis,whichisverydangerous.This20-year-oldgirlcomesfromasmalltowninShangdongprovince.Herfamilyhastriedeverymeanstosaveher.　　NowLucyisinurgentneedofoperationtoherlivertransplanted.However,herfamilyistoopoortoaffordtheexpenses,whichtotaled120,000yuan.Howcanapoorfamilyearning1000yuanpermonthaffordsuchhighexpenses?Butthetimeislimited.Theycannotaffordtowaittoseethediseaseuntouched.　　Soyouhelpisurgentlyneeded.Let’sdowhatwecantosaveourfellowstudent.Thelifeofsuchalovelygirlisinyourhand.Yourlovecansavealife.Youcancontact2335648inthedaytimeand2335658atnight.　　2005年6月18日英语六级作文及范文　　Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitled“OnPiracy”ofnolessthan150words.Youmaybaseyourwritingonthefollowingoutline:　　1.目前盗版的现象比较严重。　　2.造成这种现象的原因及危害　　3.我们应该怎么做　　Usefulwordsandexpressions　　盗版piracy(n)　　盗版产品piratedproducts　　知识产权intellectualproducts　　侵犯版权infringesb’scopyright,copyrightinfringement　　[参考范文之一]　　Nowadays,itisknowntoallthatChinahasbecomeaplaceoframpantpiratedproducts:piratedCDs,piratedVCDs,piratedDVDs,piratedbooks…Theyareavailableeverywhereandwearesoaccustomedtothephenomenonthatwewon’tfeelitstrangetoseepiratedcopiesofthelatestmoviesevenbeforetheyareonshownintheatres.　　Thereasonsforthephenomenon,whichareobvioustoall,canbelistedasfollows:　Firstof

52all,thepriceoftheproductsthatarepiratedistoohighthatmostpeoplecannotaffordit.Second,thepriceofthepiratedproductsismuchlowerand,insomecases,　thepiratedproductdoesn’tnecessarilymeanlowquality.Alsoplayingapartisthelocalgovernment.Someofficialsgivetopprioritytoeconomy.Theywilltolerate,orevenencourage,anythingsolongitcanbringthemfinancialincome.　　Butthepiratedproductsreallydomuchharm.First,theyinfringeintellectualpropertyrights.Second,theyoffendagainsttherulesofthemarket.Asaresultofpiracy,companiesinvestingininventionwillinevitablyrunbankruptcyandoursocietywillstopwhereitis.　　Noadvance.Noprogress.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken:foronething,itishightimethatpeoplealloverChinarealizedtheharmofpiracy;foranother,thegovernmentshouldissuestrictlawsandregulationsinordertoputthesituationundercontrol.　　[参考范文之二]　　Atpresent,piracyisbecomingunprecedentedlyvisibleinChina,Anyproduct,liketape,CDandhi-techdevicecanbecopied,nottomentionbook.Shortlyafteranewly-publishedbookhitstheshelves,peoplewillunsurprisinglyfinditspiratedcounterpartsinthestores.Ithasbeenwidelybelievedthatpiracyhascausedagreatlosstolegitimateproducers,inventorsandauthorsinmanyways.Tostartwith,piratedproductsoftencostmuchlessthantheoriginalones,sotheyenjoyunbeatableadvantageinpriceinspiteoftheirrelativelypoorquality.　　Theoriginalones,onthecontrary,sellpoorly.Asfaraspiratedbooksareconcerned,theydogreatharmtotheauthors/reputationduetotheirmisprints.Inthelongrun,piratedproductsmayalsohavenegativeimpactsoncustomerssincethoselegitimateproducers’enthuslasmmaybegreatlyhurtbythefactthatsomecustomersaremoreindinedtopurchasepiratedproducts.Inmyopinion,it’shightimethatthegovementcalledoneveryonetostartthebattleagainstpiracy.Besides,ascustomers,weshoulddevelopourconsciousnesstoresistpiratedproducts.Andlawshouldbestrictlycarriedouttobanpiracyfromspreadinganyfurther.　　Onlyinthiswaycanweputanendtopiracyandcreateahealthyenvironmentforbothcustomersandproducers.　　2005年12月24日英语六级作文及范文　　PartV.Writing(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart.youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoacompanydecliningajoboffer.YoushouldwriteatLeast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.对公司提供职位表示感谢　　2.解释为何不能接受所提供职位的原因　　3.希望予以谅解，并表达对公司的良好祝愿.　　[参考范文]ALetterDecliningaJobOffer　　DearMr.Smith,　　Thankyouverymuchforgivingmesomuchtimeforlastweek’sinterview.IwasveryexcitingyoucouldprovidethepositionformeasI’mastudentwhojustgraduatefromcollegenow.　　ButImustsaysorryforyourbelievinginme.Icouldnotbeabletotakethisjob.BecauseIhavepassedtheexaminationtograduateschool.AsIhavementionedtoyouattheinterviewthatIhaveattendedthegraduationexamhalfayearago.Atthattime,Idon’tknowtheresults.Butnow

53Ireceivedtheacceptanceletterfromtheschool.SoIcouldn’tbeabletojoininyourcompany.I’msorryforit.　　Buthere,Istillwantexpressagainmydeepgratefulnesstoyourjobandwarmwelcome.Ihopeandamsurewewillhaveopportunitetocooperateinthefuture.　　Sincerelyyours,　　LiMing　　2006年6月英语六级作文题目及范文　　6月17日大学英语六级考试作文及范文　　题目：国外旅游　　1、近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游　　2、出现这种现象的原因　　3、这种现象可能产生的影响　　表格：　　1995　　2000　　2005　　1万人　　近4万　12万以上　　Fromthetable,wecanseethatinthepast10years,thenumberofpeopleinagivencitywhohavegonetravelingabroadhasincreasedconsiderably.Especiallyintherecent5years,thefigurehasbeenmorethantripled,surgingfrom40,000to120,000.　　Thereareseveralreasonsforthechange.Firstly,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,moreandmorepeoplebecomebetteroff.Andtheirabilitytofinancetheirtripabroadisgrowing.Secondly,tourismhasgreatlydevelopedoverthedecade.Travelagenciesoffernotonlydomesticpackagesbutalsotravelspecialsabroad.Inaddition,individualstodayareexpectedandencouragedtogooutsidetowidentheirhorizonandtofacetherealworldofglobalization.Inthiswaytheyhopetokeepthemselvesinformedofwhatisgoingonaroundtheworld.　　Fromthechangesreflectedinthetable,wecanpredictthatthenumberofindividualsgoingoutofthecountrywillboost.Thisencouraginglyandinevitablyfacilitatestheculturalexchangebetweenoursandtherestoftheworldandthistrendwillbeirreversible.　　2006年12月英语六级作文题目及范文：　　TheImportanceofReadingClassics　　阅读经典著作的重要性　　outlines　　1、阅读经典著作对人的成长至关重要　　2、现在人们越来越少阅读经典著作，原因是……　　3、作为大学生，你应该怎么做　　[参考范文]　　TheImportanceofReadingClassics　　Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatreadingtheclassicsisbothimportantandbeneficialtothecharacterdevelopmentandpersonalgrowthoftheyoungpeople.Tome,nothingcanbringmorejoyandhappinessthanreadingthosemasterpiecescreatedbygreatfigureslikeConfuciusandCaoXueqin.IbelieveworkslikeTheDreamintheRedChamberandTheLegendofThree　　Kingdomscandrasticallyelevateone’saesthetictasteanddeepentheunderstandingoftheglorioushistoryofChineseculture.　　However,themodernsocietyisfulloftemptations.ComparedwithTVsoapoperas,sportevents,andvideogames,classicalliteraryworksareoldfashionedandtimeconsuming.In

54bookstores,“Fast-food”readingmaterialsarereplacingclassics,andyoungwriterswithsensationaland“cool”remarkswinthesupportofalargenumberoffans.　　Asthesaltofthisworld,wecollegestudentsshouldbefullyawareoftheimportantroletheclassicsplayinbroadeningone’svision.Therefore,weshouldstartreadingandstudyingthetreasuriesourancestorsleftandabsorbingtheessenceofthoseclassicalworks.Weshouldalsoadvocatetothepublictheimportanceofclassicssothatanincreasingnumberofgeneralpeoplecanenjoythepleasureofreading.　　2007年6月英语六级作文题目及范文：　　Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1、有人做好事期望得到回报;　　2、有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报;　　3、我的观点。　　写作范文　　ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?　　Agreatmanypeoplepresumeuponarewardwhendoingagooddeed.Firstandforemost,thereisanaturaltendencytoequatedoinggooddeedswithacertainamountofreward,andrewardwithacertainamountofmoney.Whatismore,theymaintainthatsincethebasisofcontemporarysocietyismoney,oneofthemajormeansofearningmoneyisgettingrewardbydoinggooddeeds.　　Onthecontrary,thevastmajorityofpeopleassumethatdoingagooddeedshouldbebasedonpeople’spersonalinterests.Hence,doingagooddeedisfulfillingitselfandrewardisofminimalsignificance.Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthiswillsuffice.Mr.Leifenglivedasimplelifededicatedtodoinggooddeedswithoutexpectinganyrewardandhelpingpeoplefromallwalksoflife,yethewasrememberedasoneofthemostsuccessfulheroofourtime.　　Generallyspeaking,itismyviewthatweshouldnotexpectarewardwhendoingagooddeed.Wedothisforenjoyment,fulfillmentandotherspiritualenhancement,notforthepurposeofreward.　　2007年12月英语六级作文题目及范文　　题目：DigitalAge数字化时代　　1、如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如　　2、数字化产品的使用对人工作、学习】生活产生的英系那个　　要求150个词　　范文1　　Lifeisbecomingmoredigitalandthedigitalisbecomingmorealive.Haveyouevernoticedthatyouweresurroundedbyallkindsofdigitalproducts?Digitalcamera,digitalcomputer,digitaltelevision,andsoon.Becauseofthesestuff,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourmordenlife.　　Firstly,withthedevelopmentofdigitalproducts,TV,filmandmusicgoon-lineandmobile.Ourlifearebecomingmoreandmorecolorful.Secondly,thegrowthofpeertopeerdigitalmediameansthatpeoplecangenerateandtransactdigitalcontentandservicesoverglobalnetworks.Nowadays,informationisbeingunleashedandre-shuffled.Andeverythingisbecomingincreasinglymoreconnected.Thisisbothveryexcitingandabitunnerving.Atlast,thedigitalage

55hasrenewedourinterestinfriendshipwhichmeansthereisalsoanopportunitytodeepenoursenseandappreciationofit.　　Tosumup,ourfutureisdigital.Toachievesuccessinthe21stcentury,allofusneedtoattainproficiencyindigitalproducts.　　范文2　　Fromthedaythefirstdigitalproductwasgivenbirth,unbelievablechangeshavehappenedinourlife.　　Afewyearsago,whenweread,printsonthepaperaretheonlymediawhichcarriesmeaning.Whenwelistentomusic,wehavetobuymagnetictapesorCDswhichrecordthesound.　　However,nowadys,ourlifeisatotallydifferentpicture.Wereadbooksallthesame,butmanyofthemaree-bookswhichismoreconvenientandmorecheap.Astomusic,withamatchbox-sizedmp3player,wecandownloadwhateverwelikefromtheboundlessmusicfilesontheinternet.Theseareonlythemostinsignificantexampleshowdigitalproductshavebenefitus.Thankstoindigitalproducts,thevarietyandquantityofinformationwecanobtainisunprecedented.Ineverydaywork,studyandmanyotheraspects,digitalproductshaveplayedamoreandmoreimportantlifeinourlife.　　However,ontheotherhand,digitalproductsalsocausemanynegativeeffectstoourlives.Aslifebecomemoreandmoreconvenient,mostpeoplebecomemoreandmoreindifferent.　　Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebysurfingonline.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors,whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.　　Forstudents,theyspendmuchmoretimethanbeforeonlisteningtothemusicorplayingcomputergames.Thesephenomenaarenogoodtoouruniversities,nortooursociety.　　Onthewhole,itishightimethatwerecognizedthepositiveeffectsandalsothenegativeonesofdigitalproducts,andusedthemintherightway.　　范文3　　Itiswidelyacceptthatthedigitalagehasalreadyarrived,suchasmobilephone,Mp3,Mp4,digitalcamera,digitalcomputerandsoon.Theymakeourlifeconvenientandcolourful.　　Butatthesametimemanypeoplemaintainthatjustforthesestuffsourlifebecomemoreandmoremonotonous,andpeoplelackfacetofacecommunication.Everythinghastwosides.　　Theadvantagesofthedigitalproductsareobvioustosomepeople.Foronething,intermsofconvenient,theincreasingpopularityofusingthesehashelpedussavealotoftime.Foranother,duetotherisingofdigitalage,itmakesourlifecolourful.Weoftenseeallsortsofpeoplebringdifferentkindsofproductsofdigitalagetogosightseeingandtravelling.　　However,therearestillquiteafewpeoplewhostronglyopposethesefashionabledigitalthings.Realitymobilephones,insomeextent,makefriendslackfacetofacecommunication,andthefamliesspendlessandlesstimetogether,whichcausegenerationgapandindifferencetothepersonaroundus.　　Personally,Isidewiththeformeropinion.Itisawonderfulfeelingandagreatwaytomakeourlifemuchmorecolourandconveiment.Aslongasthesocietyisdeveloped,therefollowsagreatnummberofdigitalproducts.　　2008年6月21日六级考试作文题目　　WillE-booksReplaceTraditional

56Books?　　1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多　　2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……　　3.我的看法　　[参考范文]　　Wille-booksreplacetraditionalbooks?　　Anewerahascome.Withthemassproductionofelectronicdevicesandapplicationofnewtechnologies,mankindhasenteredan“e”age.Nowadays,wehavee-mails,e-tickets,e-tests,ande-books,andconsequently,paper-basedmaterialsgraduallyvanish.Nowadays,e-booksbecomeextremelypopularamongyoungsters,whiletraditionalonesseemsufferagreatlossoftheirreaders.　　Forsomepeople,electronicandinternetbasedbooksareconvenientandaccessible.Environmentalistsevenadvocatethebenefitofe-booksonthegroundofforestprotection.E-booksloversevenassertthattraditionalbookswilldisappearinthenearfuture.Ihavebeenabookwormforalongtime.Forme,readingexperienceisuniqueandrewarding.Nothingcanbemorethought-provokingthanthumbingthroughabookboughtyearsagounderatablelampinadarknight.Astonote-taking,scanningandskimming,andportability,traditionalbookshaveadvantages.Justastheinventionofcameradidn’tputanendtothehistoryofpainting,traditionalbooksare,andwillstillbe,anintimatefriendofreaders.　　范文二：　　Withthedevelopmentoftheinformationtechnology,electricbooks(e-books)haveattractedtheattentionfromalloursociety.Whereverwego,wecanseethem,suchasinthelibraries,intheclassroomaswellasontheInternet.JustsomeexpertspredictedinarectentTVinterview,e-bookswouldpossiblydominatethereadingthenextfewdecades.Somepeopleclaimthatthee-bookswillsubstitudethetraditionalones.Foronething,thee-bookscannotonlybringthemgreatamountofconvenience,butalsofreethemfromgoingtothebookstorestoselectingtraditionalbooks.Foranother,e-bookssavethemlotsofspaceaswellasmoney.Theycanjustputthemincomputersandtakethemwhiletraveling.However,traditionalbooksaretooheavyandbulkforustocarry.Frommyperspective,Ifirmlybelievethee-bookscannottakethetraditionalbooks’placetotally.Theywillunquestionablyco-existforalongperiod.　　Althoughthee-booksofferuslotsoffavorableconsequences,thetraditionalbookscanprovideusopportunitiestotakenoteonthemandtobeeasyforcollection.Therefore,thee-booksandthetraditionalbooksarepreferabletodifferentpeople,andbothofthemcanbringusbenefits.　　2006年12月新六级作文题目及范文　　PartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheImportanceofReadingClassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要　　2.现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是……　　3.我们大学生应该怎么做　　[参考范文]　　Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatreadingclassicsplaysanimportantandbeneficialroleinthepersonaldevelopmentandgrowthofpeople.Personally,eversincemy

57childhood,nothinghasbeenmoreattractivethanreadingtheclassicmasterpieces.Takingalookaround,wecanfindclassicsfromwhichpeoplehugelybenefittoonumeroustolist:The　　DreamintheRedChamber,TheLegendofThreeKingdoms,Bibleandthelike.However,itiswidelyacknowledgedthatanincreasingnumberofpeoplearelosinginterestinclassics.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthechange,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.Ononehand,practicalreadinghasoccupiedthemarketandstudents’sparetimeinsuchamaterialpossessionorientedsociety.Onetheotherhand,theboomofinternetindustrygivesrisetothechangeinstudents’readinghabitwhichconsequently,incomparison,makesreadingclassicstime-consumingandlessentertaining.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresmustbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.First,itisessentialthatcollegerulesandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforcedtoencouragecollegestudentstoreadclassicalworksandstartclassics-readingcampaignsincampus.Secondly,collegestudentsshouldenhancetheirawarenessoftheimportanceofabsorbingtheessenceoftheclassicsinwhichourancestorslefttheirwisdomsandexperiences.Withproperrulesandanalertpublic,itwillonlybeamatteroftimetoseethisproblembecomeathingofthepastinthenearfuture.1995年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.本文来源:考试大网　　Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip(集成块),wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.　　21.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat________.　　A)theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemalework

58force　　B)manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing　　C)peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories　　D)mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry　　22.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat________.　　A)thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant　　B)people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue　　C)mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs　　D)peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime　　23.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeanstosaythat________.　　A)peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology　　B)futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutinconceivabledramaticchanges　　C)theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked　　D)computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservices　　24.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho________.　　A)possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation　　B)givefullplaytotheirbrainpotential　　C)involvethemselvesinserviceindustries　　D)casttheirmindsaheadinsteadoflookingback　　25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?　　A)ComputersandtheKnowledgeSociety　　B)ServiceIndustriesinModernSociety　　C)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEra　　D)RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants(被告).Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.　　Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.　　Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.　　Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.　　Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.　　Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminine(女性的)andanattractivemanmoremasculine(男性的)thanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.　　Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmen

59andwomendifferently,”saysAnnBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.　　Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.　　26.Theword“liability”(Para.1.Line4)mostprobablymeans“________”.　　A)misfortune　　B)instability　　C)disadvantage　　D)burden来源：www.examda.com　　27.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness________.　　A)reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired　　B)makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable　　C)isofprimaryimportancetowomen　　D)oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly　　28.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness________.　　A)turnsouttobeanobstacle　　B)affectsmenandwomenalike　　C)hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen　　D)ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen　　29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften________.　　A)practical　　B)prejudiced　　C)old-fashioned　　D)radical　　30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.　　A)discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive　　B)giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive　　C)demandequalrightsforwomen　　D)emphasizetheimportanceofappearance　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe“howto”materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.　　Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterview

60itself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical(经验的)aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis(诊断)andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.来源：考试大　　31.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.　　A)generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalism　　B)importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing　　C)conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewing　　D)personalexperienceandgeneralimpressionshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews　　32.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral________.　　A)sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened　　B)thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention　　C)butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected　　D)andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing　　33.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,________.　　A)butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit　　B)andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday　　C)andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit　　D)butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson　　34.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?　　A)Thepatient.　　B)Thephysician.　　C)Thejournalist.　　D)Thepsychologist.　　35.Thetextismostlikelyapartofa________.　　A)newsarticle　　B)journalisticinterview考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　C)researchreport　　D)preface

61　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaborious(费力的)andthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.Electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).　　Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical(新古典主义的)modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.　　36.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat________.　　A)itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrialization　　B)theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomy　　C)itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehome　　D)themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses　　37.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage________.　　A)sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomy　　B)themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomy　　C)producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptable　　D)whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant　　38.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace________.　　A)aswageearners　　B)bothasmanufacturesandconsumers　　C)bothasworkersand

62purchasers　　D)ascustomers采集者退散　　39.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause________.　　A)thefamilywasnotefficientinproduction　　B)itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethem　　C)itcouldnotsupplythembyitself　　D)themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited　　40.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage________.　　A)thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyoronthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices　　B)manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplace　　C)consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomy　　D)thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace21.D22.B23.B24.A25.C26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.D36.D37.B38.C39.C40.A1996年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedPaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.来源：考试大　　Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,tooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasa

63whole.　　Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledouttheinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.　　21.Researchintothematerialcultureofanation’sofgreatimportance________.　　A)ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology　　B)itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation　　C)ithelpsunderstandthenation’sFastandpresent　　D)itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　22.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat________.　　A)theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic　　B)NearEasternmusichadinfluenceontheoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra　　C)thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic　　D)themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonybasisofNearEasternmusic　　23.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause________.　　A)ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit　　B)ittendstostandardfolksingswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians　　C)itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic　　D)itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs　　24.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic________.　　A)hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution　　B)hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputers　　C)hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture　　D)hasgiventothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments　　25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassage?　　A)Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbereplacedbycomputers.　　B)Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.　　C)Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.　　D)Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspect.　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandviceofoneanother.　　Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunction

64intheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.　　Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnature’scompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeet-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailincompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.考试大论坛　　Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestrades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.　　26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto________.　　A)argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenandhumansocieties　　B)smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties　　C)distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition　　D)summarizethethatcharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation　　27.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat________.　　A)itresultsinwarinmostcases　　B)itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory来源：考试大　　C)itiskindofoppositionamongariaentities　　D)itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence　　28.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“________”.　　A)betrayeachother　　B)harmoneanother　　C)helptocollaboratewitheachother　　D)benefitonanother　　29.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict________.　　A)isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition　　B)reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals　　C)isanoppositionamongindividualsocialanimals　　D)canbeavoided　　30.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“________”.　　A)Iswarinevitable?　　B)Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?　　C)Isconflictdesirable?　　D)Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

65　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputerisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.　　Computersimitatelife.Ascomputergetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillthecomputerasanewformoflife.　　Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescarcanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival.　　Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainonetimeanditfreezesup.　　Wearestillcontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputerareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990s,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.　　Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythehepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.ThenewkindofintelligentlifeismoreIlikelytobemadeofsilicon.　　31.WhatdoyousupposetheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?　　A)Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthatmen.　　B)Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldthoughnotaswellasmen.　　C)Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.　　D)Heencouragedladiestopreach.www.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　32.Today,computerarestillinferiortomanintermsof________.　　A)decisionmaking　　B)drivesandfeelings　　C)growthofreasoningpower　　D)informationabsorption　　33.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecause________.　　A)inthelongprocessofevolutionslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthecomputerbecausebrain　　B)thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion　　C)thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation　　D)theevolutionofimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindocsnotimitate

66computers　　34.Thoughhethinkhighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat________.　　A)computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife　　B)humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers　　C)theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpasswillthatofhumanbeings　　D)theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains　　35.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?　　A)Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.　　B)Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.　　C)Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman.　　D)Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Videorecordersandphotocopiers,eventicketmachinesontherailways,oftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.LastDecemberIboughtmyselfaVideocassetterecorder(VCR)describedas“simpletouse”.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachinetorecordfromtheTV,andaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnotalone.AccordingtoasurveylastyearbyFerguson,theBritishmanufacturer,morethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimerontheirmachinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfartoohardtooperate.　　SowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigningandproducingVCRSthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious?　　First,theproblemswenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallymindeddesignerswithyearsofexperienceandtrainedtounderstandhowapplianceswork.Secondly,designerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatimetoeachmodel,whereasyouorIfaceallamachine’sfeaturesatonce.Thirdly,althoughfindproblemsinafinishedproductiseasily,itistoolatebythentodoanythingaboutthedesign.Finally,ifmanufacturerscangetawaywithsellingproductsthataredifficulttouseit,itisnotworththeeffortofanyoneofthemtomakeimprovements.　　Somemanufacturerssaytheyconcentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthemachineseasytouse.Butthatgivesrisetothequestion,“whycan’tyouhavefeaturesthatareeasytouse?”Theanswerisyoucan.　　Gooddesignpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.Forastart,designersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitoutontypicalmembersofthepublic-notoncolleaguesinthedevelopmentlaboratory.Simplepubictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.Inanidealworld,therewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthattheVCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntil,say,90percentofuserscanwork90percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthetime.　　36.TheauthorhadtroubleoperatinghisVCRbecause________.　　A)hehadneglectedtheimportanceofusingthetimer　　B)themachinehadfarmoretechnicalfeaturesthannecessary　　C)hehadsetaboutusingitwithoutpropertraining　　D)itsoperationwasfarmoredifficultthanthedesignerintendedittobe　　37.Accordingtotheauthor,manufacturers________.　　Ashouldaddmoreusefulfeaturestotheirmachines来源：www.examda.com

67　　B)oftenfailtomaketheirproductseasytouse　　C)shouldmaketheirappliancesasattractiveaspossible　　D)oftenfailprovidepropertrainingintheuseoftheirproducts　　38.Itseemsthatmanufacturerswillremainreluctanttomakeimprovementsunless________.　　A)theycandosoasaverylowcost　　B)theyfindtheirmachineshardtooperate　　C)theyhavedifficultysellingtheirproducts　　D)theyreceivealotofcomplaintsabouttheirmachines　　39.AccordingtothepassagebeforeaVCRiscoldonthemarket,itsoriginalmodelshouldbetriedout________.　　A)amongordinaryconsumerswhoarenottechnicallyminded　　B)amongpeoplewhoaretechnicallyminded　　C)amongexperiencedtechniciansandpotentialusers　　D)amongpeoplewhoareinchargeofpublicrelations　　40.OneofthereasonswhyVCRsaresodifficulttouseisthat________.　　A)thedesignersareofteninsensitivetotheoperationalcomplexitiesoftheirmachines　　B)therangeoffeaturesprovidedisunlimited来源：www.examda.com　　C)thereisnoidealwayofcontrollingquality　　D)theirdesignersoftenignorethecomplaintsoftheiruses　　21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.C27.D28.B29.D30.A31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D36.B37.B38.C39.A40.A1996年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga“new”feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLMEplusculturalinformation.　　Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly“cultural”aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.　　Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic/culturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionaries,thereisacleardifference.OxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingthe

68restoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension.来源：www.examda.com　　Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.　　21.Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefromtraditionalones?　　A)Thecombinationoftwodictionariesintoone　　B)Thenewapproachtodefiningwords　　C)Theinclusionofculturalcontent　　D)Theincreaseinthenumberofentries　　22.TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudice________.　　A)itsscopeofculturalentriesthebeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld　　B)itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountries　　C)itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingworld　　D)itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries　　23.TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat________.　　A)ithasawiderselectionOfencyclopedicentries　　B)itismainlydesigntomeettheneedsofradiolisteners　　C)itlaysmoreemphasiscolanguagethenonculture　　D)itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills　　24.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat,inapproachingsocio-culturalcontentinadictionary,specialthoughtbegivento________.　　A)thelanguagelevelsofitsusers　　B)thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasers　　C)thedifferenttastesofitsusers　　D)thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers　　25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?　　A)Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.　　B)Acomparisonofpeople’sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.　　C)TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.　　D)Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Realpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeon

69TV.　　Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.　　Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.　　Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.　　Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystarttowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.来源：考试大　　Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.　　Ifthedetectivehastodetectivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimplesmindednessasheseesit-ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestaredbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical.　　26.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause________.　　A)hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals　　B)hemustbelieveasprofessionallawyersdo　　C)hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommitted　　D)hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals　　27.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?　　A)Dangerous　　B)Demanding　　C)Distressing　　D)Dramatic　　28.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeanefforts________.　　A)patrollingthestreet,rainorshine　　B)trackingandarrestingcriminals　　C)collectingandprovidingevidence　　D)consultingtherulesoflaw　　29.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?　　A)Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.　　B)Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.　　C)Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminal

70cases.　　D)Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.　　30.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?　　A)Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.　　B)Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.考试大论坛　　C)Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.　　D)Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.　　Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdocsnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywireandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseouttechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.　　Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheindustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheindustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.　　Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheindustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatpeesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.　　31.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.　　A)isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject　　B)servesdifferentpurposesequallywell　　C)isutilizedbyman　　D)canbeofusetobothmanandanimal　　32.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat

71________.　　A)ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld　　B)technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit　　C)technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman　　D)beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror　　33.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.　　A)thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind　　B)thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore　　C)ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology　　D)ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety　　34.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”,theauthorrefersto,thefactthattechnology________.　　A)hasagreatimpactonhumanlife　　B)hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature　　C)canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind　　D)doesnotexistinthenaturalworld　　35.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor’s________.　　A)keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology来源：考试大　　B)prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheindustrialRevolution　　C)cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers　　D)exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.　　Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiesaxialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshis

72impossibilities.　　36.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat________.　　A)customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior　　B)thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom　　C)peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlook　　D)customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking　　37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?　　A)Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.　　B)Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingofagroupofpeople.　　C)Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.　　D)Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.　　38.Theworld“custom”inthispassagemostprobablymeans________.　　A)theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasociety　　B)theindependentlydevelopedsocialorders　　C)theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironment　　D)thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity　　39.Accordingtothepassageaperson’slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath,________.　　A)isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeople　　B)ispredominatedbytraditionalcustom　　C)iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunities　　D)ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim　　40.Theauthor’spumpinwritingthispassageis________.　　A)tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustoms考试大论坛　　B)tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividual　　C)toexaminetheinteractionofmanandaxialcustoms　　D)toshowman’sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms　21.C22.C23.D24.D25.A26.D27.C28.C29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.D35.A36.C37.A38.D39.B40.B1997年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumber

73ofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.　　It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.　　Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmaybeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.　　Forexample,acertainkeypunch(键盘打孔)operatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoff(向…透露)thecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.来源：www.examda.com　　Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.　　Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled(耍弄)themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,aaccountant,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.　　21.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.　　A)itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday　　B)computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions　　C)computercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected　　D)peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequesttheircompany　　22.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat________.　　A)manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscovered　　B)therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem　　C)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes　　D)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheirbadluck　　23.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?　　A)Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.　　B)Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.　　C)Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.　　D)Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.　　24.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?　　A)Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.　　B)Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.　　C)Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.　　D)Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.　　25.Thepassageismainlyabout________.　　A)whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspections　　B)whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescape

74punishment　　C)howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationfromtheirformeremployers　　D)whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminatedQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheantinucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.　　Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuranium(铀)inadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.　　26.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis________.　　A)indifferent　　B)favorable　　C)tolerant来源：www.examda.com　　D)negative　　27.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingistrueofnuclearenergy?　　A)Primitive　　B)Exhaustible　　C)Cheap　　D)Unsafe　　28.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause________.　　A)itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment　　B)itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution　　C)itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety　　D)nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicaland

75administrativestaff　　29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?　　A)Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.　　B)Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.　　C)Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.　　D)Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.　　30.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto________.　　A)advancethefinalargument来源：www.examda.com　　B)reflectthewriter’sattitude　　C)reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts　　D)showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,mood,andsocialoutlook.　　Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddleclassmanorwomanmaybealienated(疏远…)byayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.　　Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits(套装),includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollagestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinter-personalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.　　Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwelldefinedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming(打扮)-shorterhair,moderateuseofmakeup,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”　　31.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress________.　　A)providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofus　　B)indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareer　　C)hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardus　　D)isofparticularimportancewhenwegetonin

76age　　32.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan________.　　A)changepeople’sconservativeattitudestowardtheirlifestyle　　B)helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesex　　C)makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarket本文来源:考试大网　　D)helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships　　33.Theword“precedent”(Line1,Para.4)probablyrefersto________.　　A)earlyactsformentofollowasexamples　　B)particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportance　　C)thingsthatmenshouldagreeupon　　D)men’sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided　　34.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause________.　　A)thevarietyofprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochoose　　B)womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodels　　C)menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositions　　D)theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing　　35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?　　A)Dressingforeffect.　　B)Howtodressappropriately.　　C)Managerialpositionsandclothing.　　D)Dressingfortheoccasion.　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.　　ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,CocaCola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlongtermcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.www.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYorkbasedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’ve

77gottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown(使不突出)theirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.　　36.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto“________”.　　A)criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperience　　B)theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefs　　C)thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheye　　D)theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization　　37.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.　　A)letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouare　　B)projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou　　C)workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiors　　D)performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors　　38.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.　　A)knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotion　　B)wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefs　　C)don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolor　　D)believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor　　39.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman’sbeliefsare________.　　A)biased　　B)popular　　C)insightful　　D)superficial　　40.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.　　A)RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagement　　B)TheImportanceofBeingVisible　　C)JobPerformanceandAdvancement　　D)SexandCareerSuccess来源：www.examda.com21.C22.A23.D24.C25.C26.D27.D28.C29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.A36.B37.A38.C39.B40.B1997年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpusstartedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.Hart,

78andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweightfrom12to10.5ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelvebiscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,theSenatorrightlycomplainedofastore-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almostasmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.　　Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,two-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstoreandsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizeandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametimeand,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsize,andshapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct’smarketposition.　　Whenapackagingexpertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from1dollarto2.50dollarsbychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-ouncebottlelookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbeaveryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydoescomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout200dollarsayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jarsandothercontainers,mostofwhichcan’tbeusedanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.　　21.WhatstartedthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpus?　　A)Consumers’complaintsaboutthechangesinthepackagesize.　　B)Expensivepackagingforpoorqualityproducts.　　C)Asenator’sdiscoveryofthetricksinpackaging.　　D)Theriseintheunitpriceformanyproducts.　　22.Theword“undue”(Para.2)means“________”.　　A)improper　　B)adequate　　C)unexpected考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　D)excessive　　23.Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinthepackagesize,mainlybecause________.　　A)theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwith　　B)theyunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresult　　C)theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizes　　D)thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging　　24.Accordingtothispassage,varioustypesofpackagingcomeintoexistenceto________.　　A)meettheneedsofconsumers　　B)suitallkindsofproducts　　C)enhancethemarketpositionofproducts采集者退散　　D)introducenewproducts　　25.Theauthoriscriticalmainlyof

79________.　　A)dishonestpackaging　　B)inferiorpackaging　　C)thechangesinpackagesize　　D)exaggeratedillustrationsonpackagesQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirminUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.　　Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.　　WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.　　Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthattowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.　　26.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?　　A)Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.　　B)Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.　　C)Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.　　D)Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.　　27.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?　　A)Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinfirms.　　B)Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.　　C)Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.　　D)Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthe

80firm.　　28.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto________.　　A)workerswhocanoperatenewequipment　　B)technologicalandmanagerialstaff　　C)workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills　　D)topexecutiveswww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　29.Accordingtothepassages,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis________.　　A)theintroductionofnewtechnologies　　B)theimprovementofworker’sbasicskills　　C)therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees　　D)theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees　　30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?　　A)AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.　　B)Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.　　C)Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.　　D)Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul-thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.　　Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.　　Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.来源：www.examda.com　　Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterisationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,and

81thishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.　　31.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho________.　　A)knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim　　B)isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting　　C)isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity　　D)possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject　　32.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat________.　　A)thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders　　B)biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives　　C)thebestbiographiesaretheofheroesandfamousfigures　　D)biographiescanservedifferentpurpose　　33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?　　A)Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.　　B)Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.　　C)Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.　　D)Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.　　34.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause________.　　A)itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly　　B)itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife　　C)itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders　　D)itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter　　35.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson________.　　A)thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob　　B)thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　C)thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography　　D)thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”　　TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselves

82thattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakeratthe`precisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.　　36.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare________.　　A)ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas　　B)somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld　　C)ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting　　D)somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate　　37.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson________.　　A)whosefrontviewisfullyperceived　　B)whosefaceiscoveredwithamask考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　C)whosefaceisseenfromtheside　　D)whosefaceisfreeofanycovering　　38.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause________.　　A)theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker　　B)theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact　　C)theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact　　D)theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood　　39.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.　　A)onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother　　B)eyecontactofmorethanonesecond　　C)improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact　　D)constantadjustmentofeyecontact　　40.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants________.　　A)nottoweardarkspectacles来源：考试大　　B)nottomakeanyinterruptions　　C)nottoglanceawayfromeachother　　D)nottomakeunpredictablepauses21.C22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A36.A37.C38.D39.C40.A　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulus

83thatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”　　TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakeratthe`precisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.　　36.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare________.　　A)ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas　　B)somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld　　C)ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting　　D)somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate　　37.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson________.　　A)whosefrontviewisfullyperceived　　B)whosefaceiscoveredwithamask考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　C)whosefaceisseenfromtheside　　D)whosefaceisfreeofanycovering　　38.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause________.　　A)theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker　　B)theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact　　C)theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact　　D)theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood　　39.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.　　A)onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother　　B)eyecontactofmorethanonesecond　　C)improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact　　D)constantadjustmentofeyecontact　　40.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants

84________.　　A)nottoweardarkspectacles来源：考试大　　B)nottomakeanyinterruptions　　C)nottoglanceawayfromeachother　　D)nottomakeunpredictablepauses21.C22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A36.A37.C38.D39.C40.A1998年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskindeep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.考试大论坛　　Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnotsobeautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.　　UnAmerican,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers-apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.　　Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire(追求)tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.　　21.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager

85________.　　A)aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch　　B)aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification　　C)womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably　　D)womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohighminded　　22.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat________.　　A)peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbest　　B)womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell　　C)goodlookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions　　D)attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot　　23.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.　　A)theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskindeep　　B)theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport　　C)theygiveordinarylookingpersonsthelowestratings　　D)theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments　　24.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”(Line1,Para.5)meansthat________.　　A)attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs　　B)goodlookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything　　C)beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen　　D)attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions　　25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld________.　　A)handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare　　B)physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell　　C)physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell　　D)goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　Notcontentwithitsdoubtfulclaimtoproducecheapfoodforourownpopulation,thefactoryfarmingindustryalsoarguesthat“hungrynationsarebenefitingfromadvancesmadebythepoultry(家禽)industry”.Infact,ratherthanhelpingthefightagainstmalnutrition(营养不良)in“hungrynations,”thespreadoffactoryfarminghas,inevitablyaggravatedtheproblem.　　Largescaleintensivemeatandpoultryproductionisawasteoffoodresources.　　Thisisbecausemoreproteinhastobefedtoanimalsintheformofvegetablematterthancaneverberecoveredintheformofmeat.Muchofthefoodvalueislostintheanimal’sprocessofdigestionandcellreplacement.Neither,inthecaseofchicken,canoneeatfeathers,blood,feetorhead.Inall,onlyabout44%oftheliveanimalfitstobeeatenasmeat.采集者退散　　Thismeansonehastofeedapproximately9—10timesasmuchfoodvaluetotheanimalthanonecanconsumefromthecarcass.Asasystemforfeedingthehungry,theeffectscanprovedisastrous.Attimesofcrisis,grainisthefoodoflife.　　Nevertheless,thehugeincreaseinpoultryproductionthroughoutAsiaandAfricacontinues.NormallyBritishorUSfirmsareinvolved.Forinstance,anAmericanbasedmultinationalcompanyhasthisyearannounceditsinvolvementinprojectsinseveralAfricancountries.Britain’slargestsupplierschickens,RossBreeders,arealsoinvolvedinprojectsalloverthe

86world.　　Becausesuchtradeisgoodforexports,Westerngovernmentsencourageit.In1979,afirminBangladeshcalledPhoenixPoultryreceivedagranttosetupaunitof6,000chickensand18,000layinghens.Thisalmostdoubledthenumberofpoultrykeptinthecountryallatonce.　　ButBangladeshlackscapital,energyandfoodandhaslargenumbersofunemployed.Suchchickenraisingdemandscapitalforbuildingandmachinery,extensiveuseofenergyresourcesforautomation,andinvolvesfeedingchickenswithpotentialfaminereliefproteinfood.Atpresent,oneofBangladesh’smainimportsisfoodgrains,becausethecountryisunabletogrowenoughfoodtofeeditspopulation.Onwhatthencantheypossiblyfeedthechicken?　　26.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat________.　　A)efficiencymustberaisedinthepoultryindustry　　B)raisingpoultrycanprovidemoreproteinthangrowinggrain　　C)factoryfarmingwilldomoreharmthangoodtodevelopingcountries　　D)hungrynationsmaybenefitfromthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustry　　27.Accordingtotheauthor,infactory,vegetablefood________.　　A)iseasyforchickenstodigest　　B)isinsufficientfortheneedsofpoultry　　C)isfullyutilisedinmeatandeggproduction　　D)isinefficientlyconvertedintomeatandeggs　　28.WesterngovernmentsencouragethepoultryindustryinAsiabecausetheyregarditasaneffectivewayto________.　　A)boosttheirownexports　　B)alleviatemalnutritioninAsiancountries　　C)createjobopportunitiesinAsiancountries　　D)promotetheexportsofAsiancountries　　29.Theword“carcass”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“________”.　　A)vegetablespreservedforfutureuse　　B)thedeadbodyofananimalreadytobecutintomeat　　C)expensivefoodthatconsumerscanhardlyafford　　D)meatcannedforfutureconsumption本文来源:考试大网　　30.Whatthelastparagraphtellsusistheauthor’s________.　　A)detailedanalysisofthewaysofraisingpoultryinBangladesh　　B)greatappreciationofthedevelopmentofpoultryindustryinBangladesh　　C)criticalviewonthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustryinBangladesh　　D)practicalsuggestionfortheimprovementofthepoultryindustryinBangladesh　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.　　Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.　　Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsaliva(唾液)slows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide(硫化物).　　Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.

87Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.　　Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.　　Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.　　Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.　　Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdrymouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.　　Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus(粘液).Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.　　31.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“________”.　　A)thriveon　　B)accountfor　　C)originatefrom　　D)descendfrom　　32.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?　　A)Toothtrouble.　　B)Sulfurrichfood.　　C)Toomuchexercise.　　D)Mentalstrain.　　33.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause________.　　A)itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing　　B)itssmelladdstobadbreath　　C)itkillssomehelpfulbacteria　　D)itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva　　34.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause________.　　A)theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough　　B)theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　C)theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse　　D)theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus　　35.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.　　A)offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured　　B)elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath　　C)heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath　　D)offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

88　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　“WelcometotheU.S.A.!MajorCreditcardsaccepted!”　　Bythemillionstheyarecomingnolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy.“Wedon’thaveabudget,”saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity’sSouthStreet.“Wejustuseourcreditcards.”　　TheU.S.haslongbeenoneoftheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.FirsttherewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheU.S.dollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheU.S.,stilltheworld’ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld’sbargainbasement(廉价商品部).NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailprices-anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia-haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That’supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.　　True,noteveryonecomesjustforbrains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandU.S.televisionseries.ButshoppingtheU.S.A.isprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge(无节制)hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulFountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.　　TheU.S.hascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butisdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theU.S.needsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheU.S.staylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravellerversustheAmericans’fournightsand$298.　　36.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher________.　　A)arereluctanttocarrycashwiththem采集者退散　　B)simplydon’tcarehowmuchtheyspend　　C)arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditure　　D)oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford　　37.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat________.　　A)itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheU.S.　　B)itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheU.S.　　C)tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheU.S.dollarthatyear　　D)touristscametotheU.S.forsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear　　38.Bysaying“nobodyundersellsAmerica”(Line4,Para.3),theauthormeansthat________.　　A)noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts　　B)nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities　　C)nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods　　D)noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethatAmerica　　39.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingto

89foreigners?　　A)BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.　　B)Becausetheyrepresenttheworld’slatestfashions.　　C)Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.　　D)Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.　　40.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheU.S.hascometorealize________.　　A)theweakeningiftheU.S.dollarcanresultintradedeficits　　B)thelowertheretailprices,thegreatertheprofits　　C)tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomy　　D)visitorstotheU.S.arewealthierthanU.S.touristsabroad21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.C32.D33.D34.B35.A36.B37.A38.D39.A40.C1998年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Cyberspace(网络空间)，datasuperhighways,mulletmedia-forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever,Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopia(乌托邦)littleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe“how,”thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.本文来源:考试大网　　Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransitionalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarkets-withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.　　Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”(期货)aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.　　Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves-so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.　　CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.,EuropeorJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries,Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.　　Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertiseto

90exploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　21.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestsof________.　　A)therichcountries　　B)scientificdevelopment　　C)theelite　　D)theworldeconomy　　22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.　　A)internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded　　B)theinterestsofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration　　C)theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased　　D)communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized　　23.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactondevelopingcountries?　　A)Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.　　B)Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries.　　C)Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.　　D)Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.　　24.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay________.　　A)hindertheirindustrialproduction　　B)causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade　　C)forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports　　D)costthemtheireconomicindependence　　25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis________.　　A)positive　　B)critical　　C)indifferent　　D)tolerant　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theestimatesofthenumbersofhome-schooledchildrenvarywidely.TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationestimatesthereare250,000to35,000home-schooledchildreninthecountry.Hone-schooladvocatesputthenumbermuchhigher-ataboutamillion.　　Manypublicschooladvocatestakeaharshattitudetowardhomeschoolers,perceivingtheiractionsastheultimateslapinthefaceforpubliceducationandadamagingmoveforthechildren.Homeschoolersharborfewkindwordsforpublicschools,chargingshortcomingsthatrangefromlackofreligiousperspectiveinthecurriculumtoaherd-likeapproachtoteachingchildren.　　Yet,aspublicschoolofficialsrealizetheystandlittletogainbyremaininghostiletothehome-schoolpopulation,andashomeschoolersrealizetheycanreapbenefitsfrompublicschools,thesehardlinesseemtobesofteningabit.Publicschoolershavemovedclosertotoleranceand,insomecases,even

91cooperation.　　SaysJohnMarshall,aneducationofficial,“Wearebecomingrelativelytolerantofhomeschoolers.“Theideais,‘Let’sgivethekidsaccesstopublicschoolsothey’llseeit’snotasterribleasthey’vebeentold,andthey’llwanttocomeback.　　Perhaps,butdon’tcountonit,sayhome-schooladvocates.Homeschoolers,opposethesystembecausetheyhavestrongconvictionsthattheirapproachtoeducation-whetherfueledbyreligiousenthusiasmortheindividualchild’sinterestsandnaturalpace-isbest.　　“Thebulkofhomeschoolersjustwanttobeleftalone,”saysEngeCannon,associatedirectoroftheNationalCenterForHomeEducation.Shesayshomeschoolerschoosethatpathforavarietyofreasons,butreligionplaysarole85percentofthetime.　　ProfessorVanGalenbreakshomeschoolersintotwogroups.Somehomeschoolerswanttheirchildrentolearnnotonlytraditionalsubjectmatterbutalso“strictreligiousdoctrineandaconservativepoliticalandsocialperspective.Notincidentally,theyalsowanttheirchildrentolearn-bothintellectuallyandemotionally-thatthefamilyisthemostimportantinstitutioninsociety.“　　Otherhomeschoolerscontend“notsomuchthattheschoolsteachheresy(异端邪说),butthatschoolsteachwhatevertheyteachinappropriately,”VanGalenwrites.“Theseparentsarehighlyindependentandstriveto‘takeresponsibility’fortheirownliveswithinasocietythattheydefineasbureaucraticandinefficient.”　　26.Accordingtothepassage,homeschoolersare________.　　A)thosewhoengageprivateteacherstoprovideadditionaleducationfortheirchildren　　B)thosewhoeducatetheirchildrenathomeinsteadofsendingthemtoschool　　C)thosewhoadvocatecombiningpubliceducationwithhomeschooling　　D)thosewhodon’tgotoschoolbutareeducatedathomebytheirparents　　27.Publicschoolsaresofteningtheirpositiononhomeschoolingbecause________.　　A)thereisn’tmuchtheycangotochangethepresentsituation　　B)theywanttoshowtheirtolerancefordifferentsituation　　C)homeschoolingprovidesanewvarietyofeducationforchildren　　D)publicschoolshavesomanyproblemsthattheycannotofferpropereducationforallchildren　　28.Home-schooladvocatesareoftheopinionthat________.　　A)thingsinpublicschoolsarenotsobadashasoftenbeensaid　　B)theirtoleranceofpubliceducationwillattractmorekidstopublicschools　　C)homeschoolingissuperiorand,therefore,theywillnoteasilygivein　　D)theirincreasedcooperationwithpublicschoolwillbringabouttheimprovementofpubliceducation　　29.Mosthomeschoolers’oppositiontopubliceducationstemsfromtheir________.　　A)respectfortheinterestofindividuals　　B)worryabouttheinefficiencyofpublicschools　　C)concernwiththecostinvolved　　D)devotiontoreligionwww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　30.AccordingtoVanGalensomehomeschoolersbelievethat________.　　A)publicschoolstakeupaherd-likeapproachtoteachingchildren　　B)teachersinpublicschoolarenotasresponsibleastheyshouldbe　　C)publicschoolscannotprovideaneducationthatisgoodenoughfortheirchildren　　

92D)publicschoolsarethesourceofbureaucracyandinefficiencyinmodernsociety　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Everyyeartelevisionstationsreceivehundredsofcomplaintsabouttheloudnessofadvertisements.However,federalrulesforbidthepracticeofmakingadslouderthantheprogramming.Inaddition,televisionstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelallowedforreasonsofefficiency.AccordingtooneNBCexecutive,nodifferenceexistsinthepeaksoundlevelofadsandprogramming.Giventhisinformationwhydocommercialssoundsoloud?　　Thesensationofsoundinvolvesavarietyoffactorsinadditiontoitsspeaklevel.Advertisersareskilfulatcreatingtheimpressionofloudnessthroughtheirexpertuseofsuchfactors.Onemajorcontributortotheperceivedloudnessofcommercialsisthatmushlessvariationinsoundleveloccursduringacommercial.Inregularprogrammingtheintensityofsoundvariesoveralargerange.However,soundlevelsincommercialstendtostayatornearpeaklevels.　　Other“tricksofthetrade”arealsoused.Becauselow-frequencysoundscanmaskhigherfrequencysounds,advertisersfilteroutanynoisesthatmaydrownouttheprimarymessage.Inaddition,thehumanvoicehasmoreauditory(听觉的)impactinthemiddlefrequencyranges.Advertiserselectronicallyvaryvoicesoundssothattheystaywithinsuchafrequencyband.Anotherapproachistowritethescriptsothatlotsofconsonants(辅音)areused,becausepeoplearemoreawareofconsonantsthanvowel(元音)sounds.Finally,advertiserstrytobegincommercialswithsoundsthatarehighlydifferentfromthoseoftheprogrammingwithinwhichthecommercialisburied.Becausepeoplebecomeadaptedtothetypeofsoundscomingfromprogramming,adramaticchangeinsoundqualitydrawsvieweraattention.Forexample,noticehowmanycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsometype.　　Theattention-gettingpropertyofcommercialscanbeseenbyobservingone-totwo-year-oldchildrenwhohappentobeplayingaroundatelevisionset.Theymaytotallyignoretheprogramming.However,whenacommercialcomeson,theirattentionisimmediatelydrawntoitbecauseofitsdramaticsoundquality.　　31.Accordingtothepassage,themaximumintensityofsoundcomingfromcommercials________.　　A)doesnotexceedthatofprograms　　B)isgreaterthanthatofprograms　　C)variesoveralargerangethanthatofprograms　　D)islessthanthatofprograms来源：考试大　　32.Commercialscreatethesensationofloudnessbecause________.　　A)TVstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevels　　B)theirsoundlevelsarekeptaroundpeaklevels　　C)theirsoundlevelsarekeptinthemiddlefrequencyranges　　D)unlikeregularprogramstheirintensityofsoundvariesoverawiderange　　33.Manycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsomekindbecause________.　　A)popsongsattractviewerattention　　B)itcanincreasetheirloudness　　C)advertiserswanttomakethemsounddifferentfromregularprograms　　D)advertiserswanttomergemusicwithcommercials　　34.Oneofthereasonswhycommercialsareabletoattractviewerattentionisthat

93________.　　A)thehumanvoicesincommercialshavemoreauditoryimpact　　B)peoplelikecheerfulsongsthatchangedramaticallyinsoundquality　　C)high-frequencysoundsareusedtomasksoundsthatdrownouttheprimarymessage　　D)theypossesssoundqualitiesthatmaketheviewerfeelthatsomethingunusualishappening　　35.Inthepassage,theauthoristryingtotellus________.　　A)howTVadsvaryvocalsoundstoattractattention　　B)howtheloudnessofTVadsisovercome　　C)howadvertiserscontrolthesoundpropertiesofTVads　　D)howtheattention-gettingpropertiesofsoundsaremadeuseofinTVads　　Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990’s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(猫头鹰),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters-andtheowls-wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使穷困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.　　ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer(臭氧层),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth’scomplexweblife.　　36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?　　A)Becausepeoplecan’tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.　　B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.　　C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.　　D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.　　37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.　　A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty　　B)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries　　C)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhuman

94population　　D)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries　　38.Accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood________.　　A)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries　　B)isbutashort-termrelieftothefoodproblem　　C)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood　　D)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations　　39.Among“humanity’scurrentproblems”(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientistsis________.　　A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries　　B)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation　　C)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity　　D)theeffectofglobalwarming考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　40.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.　　A)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems　　B)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity’scurrentproblems　　C)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity’scurrentproblems　　D)topointoutthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations21.A22.B23.A24.D25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.D36.C37.A38.B39.C40.D1999年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”　　Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides(杀虫剂).Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens-asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms(磨菇)mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives(添加剂).DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”来源：考试大

95　　Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.　　Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.　　21.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans’viewoftheirfood?　　A)Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.　　B)Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.　　C)Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.　　D)Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.　　22.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause________.　　A)nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment　　B)pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture　　C)manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals　　D)almostallfoodshaveadditives　　23.Bysaying“theyemploychemicalwarfare”(Line4,Para.2),BruceAmesmeans“________”.　　A)plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases　　B)plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth　　C)farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants　　D)farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases　　24.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson________.　　A)thegovernment　　B)theconsumer　　C)theprocessor　　D)thegrower采集者退散　　25.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?　　A)Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.　　B)Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.　　C)Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.　　D)Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearesomeeachphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal-aperiodwhenNorthPolebecomesSouthPoleandSouthPolebecomesNorth

96Pole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?　　GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metresofdeepseasediment(沉淀物)core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementslotsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears-themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.　　Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten(熔化的)ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor(陨星)impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsaysintensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalidgeophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.　　26.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?　　A)PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNature.　　B)MeasurementoftheEarth’sMagnetic-FieldIntensity.　　C)FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarth.　　D)ANewApproachtotheStudyorGeophysics.　　27.Theword“flip”(Line6,Para.2)mostprobablymeans“________”.　　A)decline　　B)intensify考试大论坛　　C)fluctuate　　D)reverse　　28.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?　　A)Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth’smagneticfield.　　B)Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth’smagneticfield.　　C)Theoriginoftheearth’smagneticfield.　　D)Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.　　29.TheFrenchgeophysicists’studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin________.　　A)itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth’smagneticfield　　B)thewaytheearth’smagneticintensityismeasured　　C)itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth’spolarity　　D)thewaytheearth’sfluctuationrhythmisdefined　　30.InPeterOslo’sopiniontheFrenchexperiment________.　　A)islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearth　　B)hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarity

97reversals　　C)iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisasters考试大论坛　　D)hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld’sgeophysicists　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion-aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.　　Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsaregoodandothersarebad,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitselfItgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.　　31.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat________.　　A)theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects　　B)theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem　　C)theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove　　D)theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings　　32.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey________.　　A)believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive　　B)benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother　　C)enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing　　D)knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety　　33.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton________.　　A)theabilitytomake

98money　　B)thewilltoworkforpleasure　　C)thecapacitytoenjoyincentives　　D)thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences　　34.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause________.　　A)theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects　　B)theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained　　C)theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements　　D)theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople　　35.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey________.　　A)helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit　　B)encourageustoperformimportanttasks　　C)helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem采集者退散　　D)helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus　　Questions36to40basedonthefollowingpassage:　　TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials(文凭)thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.“　　Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure(终身任期),promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”　　36.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoalpeople”(Lines1-2,Para.1)itaimsto________.　　A)satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously　　B)focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills　　C)encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible　　D)makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends　　37.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”(Lines4-5,Pare.1)

99theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas________.　　A)ignorestheactualsituation　　B)isnotbasedontherightperspective　　C)onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning　　D)givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents　　38.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat________.　　A)anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges　　B)studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn　　C)skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend　　D)studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials　　39.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause________.　　A)mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties　　B)theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch　　C)therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard　　D)theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching　　40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor________.　　A)puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext来源：www.examda.com　　B)acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching　　C)thepracticeofputtingleaningtoproductiveends　　D)dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge　　21.C22.C23.A24.B25.D26.D27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.C33.C34.B35.D36.C37.B38.A39.D40.B2010年6月英语六级考试(B卷)真题及参考答案　　•版权所有•机密★启用前　　试卷代号：B　　大学英语六级考试　　COLLEGEENGLISHTEST　　-BandSix-　　(6XSH

1001)　　试题册　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------　　注意事项　　一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上，将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。　　二、试题册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场，考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。　　三、仔细读懂题目的说明。　　四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题，然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。　　五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。　　六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一横线。正确方法是：[A][B][C][D]　　使用其它符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。　　七、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会编者注：2010年6月大学英语六级考试CET6A卷真题与B卷完全一致，仅题目顺序不一样而已，A卷考生请参照B卷真题及参考答案！　　PartIWriting(30minutes)　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；　　2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；　　3.我认为…　　DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthe

101passage.　　Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans　　AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.　　"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."　　White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."　　Stinginthetail　　AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.　　Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.　　TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.　　Dramaticshift　　Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.　　Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.　　Lingeringracism　　IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasures

102howquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.　　InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.　　Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.　　Dropinbias　　BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.　　Talkinghonestly　　"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.　　Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.　　Hugeobstacles　　Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.　　ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."　　ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.　　Beyondrace　　Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—will

103last.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?　　AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?　　A)Excited.　　B)Victorious.　　C)Anxious.　　D)Relieved.　　2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______.　　A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree　　B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife　　C)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers　　D)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent　　3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?　　A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.　　B)Thepowerofrolemodels.　　C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.　　D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.　　4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.　　A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection　　B)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged　　C)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks　　D)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests　　5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?　　A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.　　B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.　　C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.　　D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.　　6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.　　A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies　　B)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain　　C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality　　D)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans　　7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.　　A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential　　B)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence　　C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety　　D)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpolitical

104participation　　8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.　　9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______.　　10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.　　A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.　　B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.　　C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.　　D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.　　12.　　A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.　　B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.　　C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.　　D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.　　13.　　A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.　　B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.　　C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.　　D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.　　14.　　A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.　　B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.　　C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.　　D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.　　15.　　A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.　　B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.　　C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.　　D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook.　　16.　　A)Batteries.　　B)Garden

105tools.　　C)Cameras.　　D)Lightbulbs.　　17.　　A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.　　B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.　　C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.　　D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.　　18.　　A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.　　B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.　　C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.　　D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.　　A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.　　B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.　　C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.　　D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.　　20.　　A)Theyhateexams.　　B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.　　C)Theyarealladults.　　D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.　　21.　　A)Difficultbutrewarding.　　B)Variedandinteresting.　　C)Time-consumingandtiring.　　D)Demandingandfrustrating.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.　　A)Interviewingamovingstar.　　B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.　　C)Hostingatelevisionshow.　　D)Reviewinganewbiography.　　23.　　A)Helosthismother.　　B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.　　C)Hemissedhisaunt.　　D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.　　24.　　A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.　　B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.　　C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV.　　D)HeplayedaroleinEastof

106Eden.　　25.　　A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.　　B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.　　C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.　　D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　26.　　A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.　　B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.　　C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.　　D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.　　27.　　A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.　　B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.　　C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.　　D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.　　28.　　A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.　　B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.　　C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.　　D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.　　29.　　A)Sunny.　　B)Rainy.　　C)Windy.　　D)Cloudy.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.　　A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.　　B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.　　C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.　　D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.　　31.　　A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.　　B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.history

107occurred.　　C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.　　D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.　　32.　　A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.　　B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.　　C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.　　D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.　　A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.　　B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.　　C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.　　D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.　　34.　　A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.　　B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.　　C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.　　D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.　　35.　　A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.　　B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.　　C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.　　D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.　　The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage.　　Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluences

108ourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)________________________________________________.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?　　Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.　　Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.　　Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."　　Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.　　Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.　　48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencourage

109learning.　　49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.　　50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.　　51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.　　TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.　　AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."　　Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirst

110paragraph?　　A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.　　B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.　　C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.　　D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.　　53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?　　A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.　　B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.　　C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.　　D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.　　54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?　　A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.　　B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.　　C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.　　D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.　　55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?　　A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth　　B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents　　C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.　　D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.　　56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?　　A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.　　B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.　　C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.　　D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?　　ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriterand

111dancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfrom　now"tomakesenseoftheworld.　　HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?　　A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.　　B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.　　C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.　　D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.　　58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?　　A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.　　B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.　　C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.　　D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.　　59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?　　A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.　　B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.　　C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.　　D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.　　60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?　　A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.　　B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.　　C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.　　D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.　　61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?　　A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.　　B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.　　C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.　　D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.　　PartVCloze(15

112minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.Such__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__tosomethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen.　　Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.Inonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms.　　__74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(体重指数)amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(长寿)amongseniorcitizens.　　Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstotheoutdoors.　　Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou.　　62.　　A)findingsB)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts　　63.　　A)adaptB)attributeC)allocateD)alternate　　64.　　A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)with　　65.　　A)gluedB)relatedC)trackedD)appointed　　66.　　A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking　　67.　　A)publishedB)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated　　68.　　A)atB)toC)forD)

113over　　69.　　A)fullyB)simplyC)seriouslyD)uniquely　　70.　　A)vitalB)casualC)fatalD)subtle　　71.　　A)stillB)alreadyC)tooD)yet　　72.　　A)benefitsB)profitsC)revenuesD)awards　　73.　　A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside　　74.　　A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)ExposureD)Addiction　　75.　　A)muchB)lessC)moreD)little　　76.　　A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysisD)option　　77.　　A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarilyD)comfortably　　78.　　A)relievedB)delegatedC)approvedD)performed　　79.　　A)merelyB)alwaysC)mainlyD)almost　　80.　　A)advantageB)exceptionC)measureD)charge　　81.　　A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)grateful　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.__________________(他们的独生儿子从未想过)toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.　　83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto__________________(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).　　84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances__________________(他会违背还钱的承诺).　　85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids__________________(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).　　86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).2009年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(word版)　　PartⅠWriting(30minutes)

114　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班　　2.对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成　　3.我认为……采集者退散　　ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?　　PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWork　　Risingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.　　Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(员工数)andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.　　Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.　　Yetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.　　TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.　　Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.　　“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”　　Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.　　Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(伪装)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.　　“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciate

115thehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(拥堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.　　Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.　　Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.　　Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基础设施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.　　MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”　　ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.　　O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”　　Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.　　AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.　　Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingto

116killtimeattheshops,”headds.　　Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.　　FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.　　Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”　　1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?　　A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.　　B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.　　C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.　　D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.　　2.FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat__________.　　A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathome　　B)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinesses　　C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutions　　D)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged　　3.WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?　　A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.　　B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.　　C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.　　D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.　　4.WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?　　A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.　　B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.　　C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.　　D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.　　5.Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.　　A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices　　B)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtime　　C)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathome　　D)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge　　6.TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.　　A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomers　　B)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof　　C)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkfor

117it　　D)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice　　7.AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.　　A)enhanceitsmarketimage　　B)reducerecruitmentcosts　　C)keephighlyqualifiedstaff　　D)minimiseitsofficespace　　8.WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelpsimproveemployees’__________.　　9.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.　　10.SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.　　PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.来源：www.examda.com　　11.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.　　B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.　　C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.　　D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.　　12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.　　B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.　　C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.　　D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.　　13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.　　B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.　　C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.　　D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.　　14.A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.　　B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.　　C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.　　D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.　　15.A)Cooktheirdinner.　　B)Restforawhile.　　C)Gettheircarfixed.　　D)Stopforthenight.　　16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.　　B)Consumerpreferences.　　C)Survey

118results.　　D)Surveymethods.　　17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.　　B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.　　C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.　　D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.　　18.A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.　　B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.　　C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.　　D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.　　B)Amanageratacomputerstore.来源：www.examda.com　　C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.　　D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.　　20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.　　B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.　　C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.　　D)Developingcomputerprograms.　　21.A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.　　B)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.　　C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.　　D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.　　22.A)Rightaway.　　B)Intwomonths.　　C)Earlynextmonth.　　D)Inacoupleofdays.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.　　B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.　　C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.　　D)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.　　24.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.　　B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.　　C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.　　D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.　　25.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.　　B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.　　C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.　　D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

119ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.　　B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.　　C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.　　D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.　　27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.　　B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.　　C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.　　D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.　　28.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.　　B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.　　C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.　　D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.　　29.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.　　B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.　　C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.　　D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.　　PassageTwo采集者退散　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.　　B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.　　C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.　　D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.　　31.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.　　B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.　　C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.　　D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.　　32.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.　　B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.　　C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.　　D)Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.　　B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.　　C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.　　D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.　　34.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.　　B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.　　C)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.　　D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.　　35.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowthecultural

120mainstream.　　B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.　　C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.　　D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.ThenameisfromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasanasset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewerenodevicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreatbecausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.　　TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryisanassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.Theyourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,ittheshape,color,taste,smellandofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”.　　.Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory.　　.AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.　　PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.　　MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacar

121travellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.　　Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwereaskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenworsereactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.　　Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.来源：考试大　　47.Carryingonamobilephoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts_______________________.　　48.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered_______________________.　　49.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecalltook_______________________toreactthanthosewhowerenot.　　50.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheyarerequiredtodo_______________________.　　51.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan_______________________,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingmobilephoneswhiledriving.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鸣得意的）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.　　SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活跃分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,

122weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.　　“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.　　52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?　　A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.　　B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.　　C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.　　D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.　　53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?　　A)Aheateddebate.　　B)Popularsupport.　　C)Widespreadpanic.　　D)Strongcriticism.　　54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?　　A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.　　B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.　　C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.　　D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.　　55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?　　A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.　　B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.　　C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.　　D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.　　56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.　　A)theuncertain来源：www.examda.com　　B)thequantifiable　　C)anearthquake　　D)unhealthyfood　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowing

123passage.　　Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.　　Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.　　ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.　　Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.　　Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.　　Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.　　Howdowefixthisproblem?　　Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.考试大论坛　　We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.　　Whowillbetheretotreatthem?　　57.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.　　A)theinadequatetrainingofphysicians　　B)thedecliningnumberofdoctors　　C)theshrinkingprimarycareresources　　D)theever-risinghealthcarecosts　　58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.　　A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure　　B)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors　　C)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgood

124health　　D)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter　　59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.　　A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime　　B)improvetheirexpertiseandservice　　C)makevariousdealswithspecialists　　D)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality　　60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?　　A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.　　B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.　　C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.　　D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.　　61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?　　A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.　　B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.　　C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.　　D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.　　PartVCloze(5minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritain　　Tidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.　　PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.　　“Welitterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitterthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(相关的)messagesforthefastfood.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoretolitteringbytheircustomers.”　　HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreducepackaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orotherforthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsatpointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereinManchesterandBirmingham.　　KFCsaidittookitsonlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackagingmanyproducts.Subwaysaid　　thatitworkedhardtotheimpactoflitteroncommunities，itwas“stilldowntothecustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,havingalreadytakenmeasurestohelpthe

125issue.　　62.A)elevatingB)convening　　C)launchingD)projecting　　63.A)signalsB)signs　　C)commercialsD)brands　　64.A)condemnB)refute　　C)uncoverD)disregard　　65.A)aroundB)toward　　C)inD)off　　66.A)industryB)career　　C)professionD)vocation　　67.A)excludeB)discourage　　C)suppressD)retreat　　68.A)incorporatingB)including　　C)comprisingD)containing　　69.A)unreliableB)unrelated　　C)unimportantD)unnecessary　　70.A)forB)about　　C)withD)to　　71.A)accessoriesB)merits来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　C)incentivesD)dividends　　72.A)curiousB)mysterious　　C)strangeD)strategic　　73.A)narratorB)spokesman　　C)mediatorD)broker　　74.A)inseasonB)atrisk　　C)offhandD)underway　　75.A)responsibilityB)liability　　C)commissionD)administration　　76.A)aroundB)by　　C)onD)above　　77.A)divertB)minimize　　C)degradeD)suspend　　78.A)ifB)whether　　C)soD)but　　79.A)individualB)concrete　　C)uniqueD)respective　　80.A)exceptB)without　　C)despiteD)via　　81.A)dealB)tackle　　C)copeD)dispose　　PartⅥTranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2

126.　　82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme_____________________?(这要看你多长时间穿一次).　　83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved_______________________(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).　　84.Themanager________________________(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad.　　85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata___________________________(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).　　86.Much______________________________(我感到遗憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.　　2009年12月大学英语六级考试答案（B卷）　　PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)　　1.B)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking。　　2.C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolution　　3.C)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere。　　4.B)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders。　　5.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices　　6.D)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof　　7.B)keephighlyqualifiedstaff　　8.homelife　　9.productivewww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　10.increaseherownproductivity　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　11.A)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad。　　12.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess。　　13.A)Theconcertisveryimpressive。　　14.B)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays。　　15.D)Stopforthenight。　　16.A)Surveyresults。　　17.D)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse。　　18.C)Thenoticemaynotbereliable。　　19.D)Amanageratacomputerstore。　　20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints。　　21.C)Shewantstobewithherhusband。　　22.D)Earlynextmonth。　　23.B)Itwillbeanajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury。　　24.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots。　　25.C)theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation。　　SectionB　　26.A)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenviromentalpollution。　　27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings。　　28.B)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup。　　29.D)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublic

127speaking。　　30.D)Theacceleratedpaceofgloblalisation。　　31.B)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture。　　32.C)Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised。　　33.B)Brown-hairedwomenareratedasorecapabe。　　34.A)Theyareshrewddishonest。　　35.C)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences。　　SectionC　　36.derived　　37.immense　　38.convenient　　39.accuracy　　40.largely　　41.instinct　　42.recalls　　43.texture　　44.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit。　　45.Theassociationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink。　　46.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldsometimethatItalyisshapedlikeaboot。　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　47.adriver’sattention　　48.equivalentindifficultytodriving　　49.moretime本文来源:考试大网　　50.carfulthinking/consideration　　51.punishing　　52.D)theshrinkingprimarycareresources　　53.C)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter　　54.A)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality　　55.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare　　56.D)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians　　57.B)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor。　　58.C)Aheateddebate。　　59.D)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve。　　60.D)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren。　　61.A)theunceertain　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　62B)launching　　63D)brands　　64B)condemn　　65A)in　　66C)industry　　67B)exclude　　68D)including　　69

128C)unnecessary　　70C)to　　71B)incentives　　72C)strategic　　73A)spokesman　　74D)underway　　75B)responsibility　　76B)on　　77C)minimize　　78C)so来源：www.examda.com　　79C)individual　　80A)despite本文来源:考试大网　　81D)tackle　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit　　83.tobeachallengetomanytraditionalconcepts　　84.couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(byhimself)　　85.balanceddietisessentialtohealth　　86.regretfuldidIfeel2009年6月英语六级考试真题word版PartIWriting(30minutes)　150words1.有人说名字或名称很重要　　2.也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要　　3.我认为　　OntheImportanceofaName　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbackto"Longstoryshort:mysongothomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn’texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.　　“Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,”SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun.“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI’vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnoninforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It’snot.It’sdebilitating(使虚弱)—forusandforthem.”　　OnlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy’sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogslikethebuffingtonpost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined“MoreFromAmerica’sWorst

129Mom.”　　Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?　　Fromthe“she’sanirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,”inCommentsonthebuffongtonpost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:“Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn’tcomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteonthebuffongtonpost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”　　Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog—FreeRange,kids—promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses—andevensubways—allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting.“AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard.”　　Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?　　Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit’severbeen;it’sranked36thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,stringerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there’saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25years’ago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.　　Thenthere’sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit’snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren’stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday’sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisetthemselvestoschool.　　Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat’snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms.“Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshaveto

130takethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools,”saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.　　Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there’snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What’srightforSkenazy’snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild’slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild’sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed.”　　GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes.”　　Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn’t:thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn’tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe’dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom—amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.　　Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild’severymovementviatheInternet—withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasthey’reonparole(假释).　　　1.WhenLenoreSkenazy’ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he________.　　A．wasafraidthathemightgetlost　　B．enjoyedhavingtheindependence　　C．wasonlytoopleasedtotaketherisk　　D．thoughthewasanexceptionalchild　　2.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatch　　A．hinderstheirhealthygrowth　　B．addstoomuchtoparents’expenses　　C．showstraditionalparentalcaution　　D．bucksthelatestparentingtrend　　3.Skenazy’sdecisiontolethersontaketheSubwayalonehasnetwith________.　　A．oppositionfromherownfamily　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　4.Skenazystartedherownblogto________.　　A．promotesensible

131parenting　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　5.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity________.　　A．rankshighinroadaccidents　　B．ismuchsafethanbefore　　C．rankslowinchildmortalityrates　　D．islessdangerousthansmallcities　　6.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids’safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause________.　　A．therearenowfewerchildreninthefamily　　B．thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasing　　C．theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime　　D．crimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyears　　7.Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson________.　　A．thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunity　　B．thesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhood　　C．theirparents’psychologicalmakeup　　D．theirmaturityandpersonalqualities　　8.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfromUnsafesituations.　　9.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparents’Theiranxietyandcontrol.　　10.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildren’sMovements.　　　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　　ThereisnothingnewaboutTVandfashionmagazinesgivinggirlsunhealthyideasabouthowthintheyneedtobeinordertobeconsideredbeautiful.WhatissurprisingisthemethodpsychologistsattheUniversityofTexashavecomeupwithtokeepgirlsfromdevelopingeatingdisorders.Theirmainweaponagainstsuperskinny(role)models:abrandofcivildisobediencedubbed“bodyactivism.”　　Since2001,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.haveparticipatedintheBodyProject,whichworksbygettinggirlstounderstandhowtheyhavebeenbuyingintothenotionthatyouhavetobethintobehappyorsuccessful.Aftercritiquing(评论)theso-calledthinidealbywritingessaysandrole-playingwiththeirpeers,participantsaredirectedtocomeupwithandexecutesmall,nonviolentacts.Theyincludeslippingnotessaying“Loveyourbodythewayitis”intodietingbooksatstoreslikeBordersandwritingletterstoMattel,makersoftheimpossiblyproportionedBarbiedoll.　　AccordingtoastudyinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,theriskofdevelopingeatingdisorderswasreduced61%amongBodyProjectparticipants.And

132theycontinuedtoexhibitpositivebody-imageattitudesaslongasthreeyearsaftercompletingtheprogram,whichconsists,offourone-hoursessions.Suchlastingeffectsmaybeduetogirls’realizingnotonlyhowtheywerebeinginfluencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin.“Thesepeoplewhopromotetheperfectbodyreallydon’tcareaboutyouatall,”saysKelseyHertel,ahighschooljuniorandBodyProjectveteraninEugene,Oregon.“Theypurposefullymakeyoufeellikelessofapersonsoyou’llbuytheirstuffandthey’llmakemoney.”　　47.Weredogirlsgetthenotionthattheyneedtobethininordertobeconsideredbeautiful?　　48.Bypromoting“bodyactivism,”UniversityofTexaspsychologistsaimtoprevent________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,Mattel’sBarbiedollsare________.　　50.ThepositiveeffectsoftheBodyProjectmaylastupto________.　　51.OneBodyProjectparticipantsaysthattherealmotiveofthosewhopromotetheperfectbodyisto________.　　46.TVandfashionmagazines　　48.Developingeatingdisorders　　49.Impossiblyproportioned　　50.3years　　51.Makemoney　　SectionB　　Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.　　ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.　　Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.　　Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandon

133theotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.　　52.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.　　A．humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive　　B．effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout　　C．governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction　　D．marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction　　53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?　　A．Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.　　B．Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.　　C．Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.　　D．Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.　　54.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?　　A．Theirinadequatefoodsupply.　　B．Unregulatedcommercialfishing.　　C．Theirlowerreproductivelyability.　　D．Contaminationofseawater　　55.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?　　A．Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.　　B．Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.　　C．Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.　　D．Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.　　56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto________.　　A．persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles　　B．stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected　　C．callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival　　D．warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies　　PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.　　A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.　　There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthe

134strangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.　　No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.　　Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’shottestconsumertrend,maybeit’sbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合动力汽车);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?　　A．Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.　　B．Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.　　C．Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.　　D．Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.　　58.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,________.　　A．enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities　　B．thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduates　　C．competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantoday　　D．thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed　　59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan________.　　A．savemoreontuition　　B．receiveabettereducation　　C．takemoreliberal-artscourses　　D．avoidtravelinglongdistances　　60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents________.　　A．regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment　　B．placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollege　　C．thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege　　D．considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct　　61.Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?　　A．Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.　　B．Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheir

135budgets.　　C．Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.　　D．Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__62__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__63__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__64__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__65__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__66__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__67__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__68__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__69__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.　　TheInternethadits__70__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__71__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__72__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__73__missionistopromotescience,tookover.　　ThisnewNSFnetwork__74__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,mayof__75__hadtheirowminternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__76__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__77__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__78__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.　　SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基础设施)onwhichweb__79__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__80__researchnetwork.　　Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__81__an“informationsuperhighway.”　　62.A．conciseC．massiveB．radicalD．trivial　　63.A．behaviorsC．inventionsB．endeavorsD．elements　　64.A．packedC．suppressedB．stuckD．bound　　65.A．facilitatedC．mobilizedB．modifiedD．terminated　　66.A．competitiveC．exclusiveB．comparativeD．expensive　　67.A．mergesC．relaysB．connectsD．unifies　　68.A．figuresC．individualsB．personalitiesD．humans　　69.A．andC．orB．yetD．while　　70.A．samplesC．originsB．sourcesD．precedents　　71.A．stoodbyC．stoodagainstB．stoodforD．stoodover　　72.A．exchangeC．switchB．bypassD．interact　　73.A．theirC．whenB．thatD．whose　　74.A．expandedC．attractedB．contractedD．extended　　75.A．whatC．theseB．whichD．them　　76.A．joinedC．participatedB．attachedD．involved　　77.A．moreoverC．likewiseB．howeverD．then　　78.A．WithC．InB．ByD．As　　79.A．contextsC．messagesB．signsD．leaflets　　80.A．citizenC．amateurB．civilian

136D．resident　　81.A．intoC．overB．amidD．toward　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________(说服他不买车).　　83.________(保持幽默有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety..　　84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).　　85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink________(一定有人在说他们坏话).　　86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).

1372008年12月英语六级(A卷)答案满分版(昂立)

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

1481999年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.　　Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成条件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.　　11.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity________.　　A)wasstrengthened　　B)wasnotaffected　　C)wasaltered　　D)wasweakened　　12.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto________.　　A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli　　B)turnofftheelectricity　　C)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations　　D)becomeabnormallysuspicious　　13.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

149________.　　A)theydislikeditstaste　　B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystems　　C)itledtostomachpains　　D)theyassociateditwithstomachaches　　14.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat________.　　A)theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin　　B)thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem　　C)theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind　　D)theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning　　15.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals________.　　A)canbeweakenedbyconditioning　　B)canbesuppressedbydruginjections来源：www.examda.com　　C)canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin　　D)canbealteredbyelectricshocks　　Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinueoccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing(把…固定)legalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon(放任).Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeennetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.　　Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry’sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind’sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.　　Wearebeingasked,and,infact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.　　Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.　　Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthan

150onbandages.　　16.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause________.　　A)theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing　　B)theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests　　C)timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit　　D)itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures　　17.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis________.　　A)topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion　　B)toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection　　C)totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution　　D)toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards　　18.Theword“tunnel-visioned(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“________”.　　A)narrow-minded　　B)blindtothefacts　　C)short-sighted　　D)abletoseeonlyoneaspect　　19.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?　　A)Legislationandgovernmentintervention.　　B)Theindustry’sunderstandingandsupport.　　C)Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.　　D)Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.　　20.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?　　A)Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures.　　B)Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.来源：考试大　　C)Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.　　D)Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudentnumbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.Theuniversitieshavethreatenedtoimposeanadmissionfeeonstudentstoplugagapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesandscrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.　　Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversities’threatbysettingupthemostfundamentalreviewofhighereducationforageneration,underanon-partytroubleshooter(调停人)，SirRonDearing.　　Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducation,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.　　Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney-butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.　　Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,somethingthatiscommon

151elsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionarychangeinBritain.Universitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoanschemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfornow.TheyawaitDearing’sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate-somearealreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.　　Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbeisunderthemicroscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputersinsteadofclassrooms,talkoftheneedforlifelonglearningandrefertostudentsas“consumers.”　　TheConfederation(联盟)ofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers’organization,wantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitiononworldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthasdoubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperegress,complainingthatqualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorialsupervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalofEuropeanuniversities.”　　21.ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis________.　　A)howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficulty　　B)howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprises　　C)howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnology　　D)howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration　　22.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain________.　　A)thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicy　　B)universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinesses来源：www.examda.com　　C)highereducationisprovidedfreeofcharge　　D)studentsarereadytoacceptloanschemesfortuition　　23.WhatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedtouniversitiesinBritainthirtyyearsago?　　A)20%orso.　　B)About15%.　　C)Above30%.　　D)Below10%.　　24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.　　A)theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhighereducation　　B)Britishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseofquality　　C)thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropeancounterparts　　D)Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthenearfuture　　25.WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointoftheTimesnewspaper?　　A)ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhighereducation.　　B)Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsofindustry.　　C)Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld.　　D)Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets.　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　There’ssimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforaliving:Ifyoucansmellit,youcanfindit.　　MyersisthefounderofAuburnUniversity’sInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystems,themaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevices—anartificial

152nose.　　Fornow,thesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstuckedawayinalaboratorydrawer.Butsoon,suchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolice,arson(纵火)investigatorsandfood-safetyinspectors.　　Thetechnologythattheyareworkinginwouldsuggestquitereasonablythat,withinthreetofiveyears,we’llhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouse.Suchdevicesmightfindwideuseinplacesthatattractterrorists.Policecoulddetectdrugs,bodiesandbombshiddenincars,whilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontamination.来源：www.examda.com　　Theimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryareastonishing.Butso,too,arethepossibilitiesforabuse;Suchmachinescoulddeterminewhetherawomanisovulating(排卵),withoutaphysicalexam-orevenherknowledge.　　OneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatishasbeenimpossibletosearcheveryone.That’sgettingnottobethecase.　　ArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseenbefore.AromaScan,forexample,isadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitivetospecificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheair.Asairissuckedintothemachine,chemicalspassoverthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthem.Thosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectricalsignatures.　　Myerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernail-sizechipwiththousandsofodorreceptors(感受器)，enoughtocreateasensorthat’snearlyassensitiveasadog’snose.　　26.Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?　　A)Performingphysicalexaminations.　　B)Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists.　　C)Detectingdrugsandwatercontamination.　　D)Monitoringfoodprocessing.　　27.Apotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseis________.　　A)negligenceofpublicsafety　　B)anabuseofpersonalfreedom　　C)ahazardtophysicalhealth　　D)athreattoindividualprivacy　　28.Theword“logged“(Line5,Para.7)mostprobablymeans”________“.　　A)preset　　B)entered　　C)processed　　D)simulated　　29.Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluse,itisessential________.　　A)todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptors　　B)toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicals　　C)todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmells　　D)tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough　　30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLarryMyers’worksis________.　　A)cautious　　B)approving　　C)suspicious来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　D)

153overenthusiastic　　11.B12.C13.D14.C15.A16.B17.B18.D19.C20.C21.A22.C23.D24.D25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.B上学吧为您提供商务英语考试复习资料下载http://www.shangxueba.com/share/s12.html