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大学英语听力1原文Task1【原文】1)TheyliveinAfricaandIndia.Theyhavefourlegsandatail.Theyareverybigandverystrong.Theyareintelligent,too.Theyhaveatrunkandsomeofthemhavetusks.Theysometimeslivefor70years.2)TheyliveinAfricaandAsia.Theyarebrown.Theyhavearmsandlegs,buttheydon’thaveatail.Theirarmsareverylongandtheyhavebigears.Theyaregoodclimbers.Theyareveryintelligent,too.3)TheyliveinAfrica.Theyareverytall.Theyhavefourlegs,atailandaverylongneck.Theyeatleavesandtwigs.Theycanrunveryfast.Theyarebrownandwhite.4)Theyliveinverycoldcountries.Theyhavewings,buttheycan’tfly.Theyaregoodswimmers.Theyeatfish.Theyareblueandwhiteorblackandwhite.5)TheyliveinAustralia.Theyareredorgray.Theyhaveshortfrontlegs,longbacklegsandaverylongtail.Thebacklegsandthetailareverystrong.Theycanrunveryfast.Thefemalescarrytheiryounginapouch.6)TheyliveinAfrica.Theyhavefourlegsandatail.Theyhaveabeautifulcoatwithblackandwhiteorbrownandwhitestripes.Theyeatgrassandplants.7)Theyliveinverycoldcountries.Theyhavefourlegs.Theyareverybigandverystrong.Theyhaveawhitecoat.Theycanswim.Theyeatsealsandfish.Task2【原文】Thefastestanimalonlandisthecheetah.Itcanrunataspeedofabout100kilometresanhour.Thefastestbirdintheworldcanflyat170km/h,andthefastestfishcanswimatmorethan100km/h.Humanbeingsarenotveryfast.Thefastestmanintheworldcanonlyrunatabout40km/h.Manyanimalscanrunfasterthanthis.Butmostanimalsrunonfourlegs.Fourlegsarebetterthantwo,aren’tthey?Whydoweonlyhavetwolegs?Scientistssaythatwearemoreintelligentthanotheranimalsbecausewestandontwolegs,sowecanuseourhandsforotherthings.Wecanpickthingsupwiththem.Wecanusetools.Humanbeingshaveusedtoolsformillionsofyears.Thatiswhyourbrainshavedeveloped.Thatiswhywehavebecomethemostintelligentanimalsintheworld.Inthepastfewyears,wehavemadeallkindsofmachines.Wehavemadecars,ships,aeroplanesandspacecraft.Inthesemachineswecantravelfasterthananyanimal—byland,bysea,orbyair.Wecanevengotothemoon.Nootheranimalhaseverdonethat!Task3【原文】A:Youknow,we’restudyingdinosaursinscienceclass.It’sreallyinteresting.B:Oh,yeah?Hey,haveyoulearnedwhythedinosaursdisappeared?A:Well,nooneknowsforsure.B:Ithoughtithadsomethingtodowiththeclimate.Thetemperaturemighthavegottencoolerandkilledthemoff.A:Yeah,that’sonetheory.Anotherideaisthattheymayhaverunoutoffood.B:Uh-huh.Andyouknow,there’sevenatheorythattheycouldhavebeendestroyedbyaliens
1fromouterspace.A:Thatsoundscrazytome!Task4【原文】Fortheshortestlife,thefirstprizemustgotothemayfly,whichtypicallylivesonlyamatterofafewhoursafteritemergesfromitsshell.Fewmayflieslivetoseethesunriseagain.Thesecreaturesdevotetheirwholelivestoasingledesperatemission:findingamateandproducingyoung.Theydon’tevenhavefunctionalmouthsandstomachs.Theysimplyhavenotimetoeat.Infacttheyhavenotimeforanythingelse.Therecord-holderforthelongestlifemaybetheArcticclam,oneofwhichlivedquietlyunderwaterfor220years.Howeveritdidnothaveanybirthcertificatetoprovethis.Onecouldonlyjudgebyitsgrowthrings.Ifyouinsistonbetterdocumentation,theoldestanimaleverwasprobablyatortoisethatdiedin1918.Ithadbeencapturedalreadyfull-grownin1766,nineyearsbeforetheAmericanRevolutionbegananditdied152yearslaterasWorldWarIcametoaclose.Task5【原文】Everyyearabout17millionanimalsareusedinLaboratoryexperiments.Butinmanycountriestoday,adifficultquestionisbeingasked:Dowehavetherighttouseanimalsinthisway?Peoplewhoareforusinganimalsinresearcharguethattheuseofanimalsinmedicalresearchhasmanypracticalbenefits.Animalresearchhasenabledresearcherstodeveloptreatmentsformanydiseases,suchasheartdiseaseanddepression.Itwouldnothavebeenpossibletodevelopvaccinesfordiseaseslikesmallpoxandpoliowithoutanimalresearch.Everydruganyonetakestodaywastriedfirstonanimals.Futuremedicalresearchisdependentontheuseofanimals.Whichismoreimportant:thelifeofaratorthatofathree-year-oldchild?Medicalresearchisalsoanexcellentwayofusingunwantedanimals.Lastyear,over12millionanimalshadtobekilledinanimalsheltersbecausenoonewantedthemaspets.Howeverthosewhoareagainstitpointoutthatthefactthathumansbenefitcannotbeusedtojustifyusinganimalsinresearchanymorethanitcanbeusedtojustifyexperimentingonotherhumans.Animalssufferalotduringtheseexperiments.Theyareforcedtoliveinsmallcages,andtheymaybeunabletomove.Muchoftheresearchthatiscarriedoutisunnecessaryanyway.Animalshavethesamerightsashumansdo—tobeabletomovefreelyandnottohavepainorfearforcedonthem.Researchersmustfindotherwaysofdoingtheirresearch,usingcellcultureandcomputermodeling.Thereshouldbenoanimalsinresearchlaboratoriesatall.Task6【原文】VisitorstotheNationalZooinWashingtonD.C.canseethreenewyoungtigers.Therarebabiesmetthepublicforthefirsttimelatelastmonth.ChipO’Nealtellsusaboutthem. Themothertigersatnearbyonthegrassasherbabiesrolled,chasedandbiteachotherplayfully.ThenKorenchyalsojumpedintothegames.Hercubswerebornatthezoofourmonthsago.TheyarecalledMike,EricandChrisy.ThenewyoungtigersattheNationalZooeachweighabout13kilograms.Theirfurisdarkorangewithblackstripes.Theyeathorsemeatanddrinkmilkfrom
2Korenchy. KorenchyandherbabiesareSumatrantigers.SumatrantigerscamefromtheIndonesianislandofSumatra.Theyarenowindangerofdisappearingfromtheearth.Fewerthan500ofthesetigersremainintheworld.Thatincludesabout60livinginzoosinNorthAmerica.KorenchycametotheNationalZoofromtheJakartaZooinIndonesia.ThegirlwaspartoftheSumatranTigerSpeciesSurvivalProgram.Korenchyhasgivenbirthtolivecubsthreetines.ThefatherofhernewcubsisRokan,aSumatrantigerwhoarrivedtwoyearsagofromanotherzoo.KorenchyandRokanhadtheirbabiesthenaturalwayinsteadofthescientificmethodoftenusedtoproduceyounganimalsinzoos.AwirefenceseparatesRokanfromhisbabies.ZooworkerswhocareforRokansayhereachesthroughthefencetowashthecubswithhistongue.TheysaythismeansherecognizesMike,EricandChrisyashiscubs.However,zooofficialsarehopingthatRokanwillproducemorecubswithanotherfemaleSumatrantigeratthezoo,sotheydonotwanthimtobecometoointerestedinthisfamily.TheNationalZoohopestokeeptheSumatrantigercubsforatleast18monthsbeforesendingthemtootherzoos.Thatisabouttheagewhenmosttigercubsinthewildleavetheirmothers.TheNationalZoohasplacedcamerasintheSumatrantigers’livingarea,sopeoplewithcomputerscanseethem.Todothis,useyourcomputertofindtheNationalZoo’sWebsiteatwww.si.edu/natzoo.Task7【原文】Anoldexpressionsays,“Man’sbestfriendishisdog.”Today,however,itseemsthatcatshavereplaceddogsasthemostpopularpetsinAmericanhomes.Americanshavemorethan62millionpetdogs.Butevenmorecats—morethan64million—liveinAmericanhomes.Thesepetcatsmayhavelonghairorshorthair.Theyaredifferentcolorsandsizes.Somearecostlyanimalsthattakepartincompetitions.ManymorearecommonAmericanmixturesofseveralkindsofcats.Mosthousecatsliveagoodlife.Theyarenotexpectedtoworkfortheirfood.Instead,theyruletheirhomeslikefurrykingsandqueens.Theywaitfortheirownerstoservethem.Americansareincreasinglyseriousabouttheircats.Theseconcernshavemadethecareofcatsintobigbusiness.Eachyear,catownersbuytonsoffoodespeciallypreparedforcats.Theybuytoysandotherequipment.Theybuyjewelryandclothesforthemselveswithimagesofcatsonthem.Someownersevenburytheirdeadpetsinspecialburialgrounds.Humanshavelovedandrespectedcatsforcenturies.Scientistshaveevidencethatcatsandpeoplelivedtogetheraslongas8000yearsago.Thesmallhousecatwasonceahighlyhonoredanimal.InancientEgypt,forexample,peoplewhokilledacatcouldbepunishedbydeath.EarlyinAmericanhistorycatswerenottreatedasgods,however.TheyprobablyarrivedintheUnitedStateswithsettlersandtradersfromEurope.Thesecatsworked.Theykilledratsandmice.Sometimes,Americansmistreatedtheircats.Duringtheearlydaysofthenation,religiousextremistsbelievedthatsomecatswereworkingforthedevil.Blackcatswereespeciallysuspectedofbeingevil.Later,Americanfamilieswhohadenoughfoodbegantakingcatsintotheirhomes.Peoplecared
3forthecatsbecausetheanimalsgavethempleasure.Thecatsthankedpeopleforfeedingthembymakingapurringsound.Thispleasantnoiseusuallymeansacatishappy.Animalexpertsofferseveralreasonswhycatshavebecomesopopularashousepets.Theysaycatsneedlesscarethandogs.Andcatsdonotseemtosufferasmuchasdogsfrombeingaloneiftheownersareaway.Still,millionsofotherpeopledonotlikecatsatall.Theysaydogsarebetterandmorelovingpets.Theysaycatsdonothavemuchfeeling.Theybelievecatsstaywithpeopleonlytobefed.Catownersdefendtheirpetsagainstsuchcriticism.Theysaycatsarejustmuchmoreindependentthandogs.Astudentofanimalmedicineexplainsthesituationthisway:dogsfollowyouaround—theywantyoutotalktothemandplaywiththemalotofthetime.Catslikemorespaceandmoreprivacy—thisdoesnotmeantheydonotlovetheirowners.Task8【答案】LittleStevehasapetrabbit,Bunny.Heplayswithiteverydayafterschool.OnedayhismotherseesthatherlittleboyisholdingBunnybytheears.Fromtimetotimehegivesthepoorrabbitanangryshakeandsays:“Howmuchistwoplustwo?” “Steve,”sayshismother,“WhydoyoutreatyourpoorlittleBunnythatway?” “Well,”explainsSteveangrily,“Ourteachersaysthatrabbitsmultiplyveryquickly,butthisdummycan’tevenadd.”Task9【答案】Mostmammalsliveonland,butnotallofthem.Millionsofyearsago,somemammalswentbacktotheseaandlivedthere.Thelegsoftheseanimalsdisappeared,andafteralongtimetheylookedlikefish.Theseanimalsbecamewhalesanddolphins.Whalesanddolphinsarestilllikeothermammalsinmanyways.Theyarewarm-bloodedandtheybreatheair.Theyalsohavebigbrains.Thatiswhytheyaremoreintelligentthanfish.Whaleshavethebiggestbrainsintheworld.Theirbrainisbiggerthanthebrainofahumanbeing.Unit3Task1【原文】Myhobbyissky-diving.Doyouknowwhatthatis?Ijumpfromanaeroplaneandfallthroughtheair.IopenmyparachuteonlywhenI’mveryclosetotheground.Ofcourseit’sratherdangerous.Perhapsthat’swhyIenjoyit.Ithinkit’sfun.Veryfewwomendoit.Butwe’rejustasgoodatitasmen.I’mveryinterestedinmusic.InmyfreetimeIplayandlistentoit.Icanplaytheguitarandtheflute.Ienjoyallkindsofmusicbutmyfavoriteisfolkmusic.Goodfolkmusic.Ilikeclassicalmusic,too.ButIpreferfolkmusic.I’dliketohavemyowngroupsomeday.Iloveallkindsofsportsbutmyfavoriteistennis.ButIdon’tenjoywatchingit.Ionlyenjoy
4playingit.AndwhenIplayIwanttowin.That’sveryimportant.Ihatelosing!Task2【原文】ImademyfirstparachutejumpbecauseIhadreadanarticleaboutitandIhadalwayswantedtotryit.BeforethejumpIwenttosixtrainingclasses.Iwastaughtwheretositintheaeroplane,howtojumpout,howtoguidetheparachute,andhowtolandonthegroundsafely.OnthebigdayIwasverynervous.Theweatherwascloudy,butthepilotthoughtitwasallright,sothetwoofus(theinstructorandI)gotintotheaeroplanewiththepilot,andHelenGraygotintotheother.(Shewantedtotakesomeparachutingphotographs.)Wetookoffandclimbedto1000metres.Iwasreallyveryfrightenedwaitingforthebigmoment!Thentheinstructortoldmetojump.Ilookedoutoftheopendoorandsawthegroundbelow.Itwasthemostterrifyingmomentofmylife!Iclosedmyeyesandjumped.Itwasagreatreliefwhentheparachuteopened!Ilookedupandsawtheorangecanopy.Belowmewasthelandingarea.Itwasreallybeautifulfallingpeacefullythroughtheair.Ilandedwellandwaitedfortheinstructor.Thenwepickedupourparachutesandwentofftohaveacoffeeandtalkaboutthejump.ParachutingisdefinitelymoreexcitingthanotherthingsIhavedonebefore—likemountainclimbingandsailing—andit’smorefun,too.I’mgoingtomakemysecondjumpnextweek.Task3【原文】WhenIwassevenyearsold,myfamilygrewourfirstsquarewatermelon.Noonehadeverseenasquarewatermelonbefore,soitbecameaninstantcelebrity.Peoplevisitedourgardentoseetheunusualfruit,andIeventookittoschoolforshow-and-tell. What’ssogreataboutsquarewatermelons?Well,besidestheiroddshape,themelonsstacknicely,fitintherefrigerator,andwon’trolloffthetable.Wheneverpeopleaskhowtheycangrowtheirownsquarewatermelons,mydadtellsthemto“usesquareseeds”.Truthfully,though,mydaddiscoveredthekeytosquarefruitbyaccident.Everysummerweplantasmallvegetablegarden.Tokeeptheyoungfruitfromrottingonthemoistground,mydadpropsthemoncinderblocks.In1996,wereturnedfromvacationtofindayoungmelonstuckinthecentreofacinderblock.Thewatermelonhadgrowninsidetheblockuntilitwaswedgedtootightlytoremove.“Wedidn’twanttokillit,sowejustleftitthere,”myfatherremembers.“Atharvesttimewhenwebrokethecinderblock,wefoundaperfectlyhealthymelon—butitwasalsoperfectlysquare.”Sincethatsummermyfamilyhasbeengrowingsquarewatermelonsonpurpose.Task4【原文】Philip:MyspecialvisitortodayisMatthewTreharne,oneofthisyear’sChildrenofCourage.Goodafternoon,Matthew.Matthew:Goodafternoon.Philip:Wheredoyoucomefrom,Matthew?
5Matthew:FromCambridgeshire,intheeastofEngland.Philip:Nowyou’vegotablackbeltforkarate,haven’tyou?Matthew:Yes.Philip:Andyou’rethefirstten-year-oldwithablackbelt?Matthew:Yes,that’sright.Philip:That’sfantastic.Whendidyoustartkarate?Matthew:Sixyearsago.WhenIwasfour.Philip:Onlyfour?Whydidyouchoosekarate?Matthew:BecauseIlikedit.AndbecauseIwantedtobestrong.Philip:Weren’tyoustrong?Matthew:Ohno.IhadaholeinmyheartwhenIwasborn.SoIwasveryill.ThenIhadabigpreparationinhospital.ButIwasstillweakandtiredallthetime.SoIstartedkarate.Philip:Wasitdifficultatfirst?Matthew:Well,atthebeginning,yes,itwas.Butmyparentsalwaysencouragedmetogoon.Philip:Whendidyougetyourblackbelt?Matthew:Igotitthissummer.Philip:Whatawonderfulfightagainstahandicap!Nowyouarestrongandachampion!Matthew:Oh,it’sjustfunnow.Iplayothersportstoo.Philip:Doyouplayfootball?Matthew:Yes,andrugby.Philip:Yougivespecialkarateshows,don’tyou?Matthew:Yes,Igivelocalkarateshows.NearmyhomeinCambridgeshire.Philip:Soyouarerichtoo?Matthew:Ohno.Igivethemoneyaway.Philip:Doyou?Matthew:Yes.Igave￡1,000toahospitalinPeterborough.Philip:Whatdidtheybuywiththemoney?Matthew:Theyboughtaheartventilator—that’saspecialmachineforpeoplewithweakhearts.Philip:Sotheycanhelpotherpeoplewithproblemslikeyours?Matthew:Yes,andthentheycanlearnkaratetoo!Philip:Whatasplendidstory!ThankyouMatthew.AndenjoyyourspecialdayinLondon.Matthew:Thanks.Goodbye.Task5【原文】Myhobbiesarecollectingstickersandwritingsongs.IlikecollectingstickersbecausesomearecoolandifIcollectenoughIcanfillupmywallwithstickers.Ialsolikewritingsongs,like“Baby,Don’tLeaveMe”,becauseIalwaysthinkofthemintheshower.Myfavoritehobbyisstargazing,becauseIthinkitisachallengetolookfortheBigDipper,LittleDipper,andallthoseotherconstellations.Ithinkitisalmostlikedoingawordsearchbecauseyouhavetoconcentrateandlookcarefullyfortheconstellations.
6Oneofourfavoritehobbiesislookingforlicenseplatesofotherstates.Sofar,wehaveseen22differentstates,andwe’vealsoseenGuam,aterritoryoftheUnitedStates.WeenjoythishobbybecauseweusuallyseeTexas,soit’sfuntoseeanotherkindoflicenseplate.Ihavemanydifferenthobbies.Butmyfavoritehobbyiswriting.Ihavedreamsofbecominganauthor,novelist,orjournalist.Ienjoywritingstoriesandpoemsthemost.Ilovewritingbecausetherearesomanydifferentstylesandbecausewritingisthebestwayformetoexpressmyselfandtogetmytroublesout.Idon’treallyliketotalkinfrontofalotofpeopleoraboutseriousmatters.Sothat’swherewritingcomesinhandy.Dancingismyfavoritehobby.Ihavegiventhreetofourstageperformances.Ihavealsoparticipatedintheinter-schoolcompetitions,andIhavewonfirstprizeformyschool.Winningprizesanddancingonstageencouragesmetolearnmore.Task6【原文】Davidwasayoungmanwhoworkedinanofficeinabigcity.Hishobbywasfishing,buthedidn’toftengetachancetopracticeit.Thenonesummerhedecidedtohaveaholidayinabeautifulplaceinthemountainswheretherewerealotofstreams.“Ioughttobeabletohavesomegoodfishingthere,“hesaidtohimself.Thefirstmorningafterhearrived,hewalkedtotheneareststreamwithhisfishingrod.Hesawanoldmanstandingbesidethewater,soheaskedhimwhetheritwasaprivatestream.Theoldmananswereditwasnot,soDavidthensaidtohim,”Well,thenitwon’tbeacrimeifIcatchsomefishhere,willit?”“Oh,no.”answeredtheoldman.“Itwon’tbeacrime,butitwillcertainlybeamiracle.”Task7【原文】Joewasgoingtohisusualbarbeforelunchwhenhesawapoorlydressedmanfishinginasmallpoolofrain-wateraboutfivecentimetersdeepoutsideit.Joestoppedandwatchedthepoormanforafewminutes.Hesawthatmostofthepeoplewhopassedbyhimbelievedhewasmad.Joepitiedtheman,soafterafewminuteshewentuptohimandsaid:“Hello.Wouldyouliketocomeintothebarandhaveadrinkwithme?”Thefishermanwasdelightedtoaccepthisofferandthetwomenwentintothebartogether.Joeboughtthefishermanafewdrinks,andfinallysaidtohim,“You’vebeenfishingoutsidehere,haven’tyou?Howmanydidyoumanagetocatchthismorning,ifImayask?”“Youaretheeighth,”thefishermanansweredmerrily.Task8【原文】Journalist:Er…roughly,whendidyoubegincollectingbadges?Simpson:Atmyprimaryschool,Ithink.Theteachersusedtogiveoutbadgestopupilswhowereparticularlygoodatcertainthings.SoIgotalittlebluebadgewiththeword“swimming”onit,andthenanotheroneIremember—itwasgreen—whichhadtheword“tidy”
7onit!Ha!Journalist:Andhaveyoustillgotthosebadgesinyourcollection?Simpson:No…well,I’vegottheswimmingbadge,butIthinkIwassountidythatImusthavelostthetidybadgeyearsago!Journalist:Andyoustartedcollectingbadges,then,fromthat,theageofaboutnine?Simpson:Er,yeah,Iguessso…eightornineorso.That’sright.Inthosedays—we’retalkingabouttheearly50s—thereweren’tsomanycarsaroundastherearetoday.Sofillingstationsdidn’thavesomanycustomers.Sothepetrolcompaniesusedtogiveoutbadges.Isupposetheythoughtthatkidswhoseparentshadacarwouldkeepaskingthemtogotoaparticularfillingstationsothattheycouldgetanotherfreebadge.Mydadboughtourfirstcarin1956—IthinkitwasablackFordPopular—andeverytimeIwentoutwithhiminitIusedtoaskhimtogotoadifferentpetrolstationsothatIcouldaddmoretomygrowingbadgecollection.Actually,hewasaveryshyman,myfather,andI’msurehedidn’tlikeaskingforfreethingd.Journalist:Sopetrolcompanybadgeswerethefirstonesinyourcollection,weren’tthey?Simpson:After“swimming”and“tidy”,yeah.Butsoonallsortsofcompaniesstartedmakingbadgestoadvertisetheirproducts,evencigarettecompanies.I’vegotoneinmycollectionforWill’sWoodbines—theywerethecheapestcigarettesinthosedays—andonthebadge,atthebottom,itsays,“SmokedbyMillions”—nohealthwarningsinthosedays.Task9【原文】IntheUnitedStatesauniversityprofessorisgrantedafewmonthsoffreedomfromhisdutiesapproximatelyeveryseventhyearfortraveloradvancedstudy.Thisperiodoffreedomfromteachingiscalleda“sabbatical”leave.Fewsabbaticalleavesareinterestingenoughtobedescribedinnationalnewspapersandmagazines.Recently,however,therewasanexception.ThepubliclearnedhowDr.JohnR.Coleman,presidentofHaverfordCollege,hadspenthissabbaticalleave.“Iwantedtogetawayfromtheworldofwordsandpoliticsandparties—thethingsapresidentdoes,”Dr.Colemanlaterexplainedtoreporters.“Asacollegepresidentyoubegintotakeyourselfveryseriouslyandtothinkyouhavepoweryoudon’t.Youforgetthingsaboutpeople.IwantedtorelearnthingsI’dforgotten.”Tellingnooneofhisplans,Dr.ColemanstartedhissabbaticalleaveonafarminCanada,hundredsofmilesfromhiscollege.Gettingupat4:30eachmorning,working13hoursadayinfieldsandbarns,hepreparedhimselfphysicallyforhisnextjob,diggingditches,inAtlanta,Georgia.Afterthat,thecollegepresidentwasheddishesinaBostonrestaurant.Duringthelasttendaysofhisleave,heworkedasagarbagecollector.Thisunusualsabbaticalleavewasconductedingreatsecrecy.Colemantelephonedhisfamilyonceaweek,“justtoletsomeoneknowwhereIwasandthatIwashealthy.”Noneofhisstudentsorco-workersatHaverfordCollegeknewwhattheirpresidentwasdoing.Oneachjobheavoidedlettingpeopleknowwhohewas.“Whenpeoplewouldaskmeaboutmyself,I’dtrytoturntheconversationbacktothem,”heexplained.“Someco-workersmighthavethoughtIwasalittledifferent,alittlequietmaybe,butIdoubtanyoneknewIwasacollegepresident.”Therewasonlyoneemployerwhosensedsomethingunusual.“AtarestaurantinBoston,Ihad
8beenonthejobexactlyonehour—Iwaswashingdishes—whenthebosscameoverandsaid,‘I’mafraidyouwon’tdo.’andhandedmetwodollars.““ImmediatelyIaskedhimwhy,buthejustsaid,‘It’snotyourwork.Sorry.’”Thatwasthefirsttimeinmorethan30yearsasajobholderthatColemanhadheardsuchwords.Ithelpedhimunderstandhowamanofhisagemightfeelwhenhesuddenlyrealizedhehadlosthisjob.Aftertwomonthsofworkingwithhishands,Colemanreturnedfromhisunusualsabbaticalleave,convincedthattheexperiencehadbeenworthwhile.Hehadsomegoodthingstosayaboutpeoplewhodohardphysicalwork.“Alotofmyco-workerswouldcomplainwhentheworkwastooheavy,”hesaid,“butthey’dcomplainalotmorewhentherewasnothingtodo.”Hefoundthatprideandsatisfactioncamechieflyintheformofpraisefromco-workers.Eventhoughpaywasimportant,whatbroughtthegreatestsatisfactionwasknowingthatsomeonehadnoticedhowajobwasbeingdone.Task10【答案】Ilovetreesbecausetheyhavemanydifferentshadesofgreen,somanythatit’salmostimpossibletocount.WhenIpaintapictureofatreeIusemanyshadesofgreenandmanymoreshadesofbrown.Myfavoritethingabouttreesisthattheyalwaysseemtohaveaglowaroundthem.Ilovetreesbecausetheyalwayssmellsofreshandclean.IliketogotothenurserybecauseIlovethesmelloftrees—it’ssorefreshing.It’saglassofcoolwateronahotday,oradampclothonahotforehead.Oneofmyfavoritethingsabouttreesisthattheyarefuntoclimb.IstartedclimbingtreeswhenIwasverylittle.Mydadtaughtmehowtoclimb,alongwithsomeusefultips.Iespeciallyliketoclimbmygrandpa’sappletree.Unit4Task1【原文】AstrangethinghappenedtoHenriyesterday.Hewasonabusandwantedtogetoff.Sohestoodupandrangthebell.Tomakesurethedriverheardhimherangittwice,butthebusdidn’tstop,andtheconductorcameandshoutedathim.Theconductorwassoannoyed,andspokesofast,thatHenrididn’tunderstandaword.ThebusstoppedatthenextbusstopandHenrigotoff.Ashegotoffheheardsomeonesay,“Ithinkhe’saforeigner.”WhenHenrigothome,hetoldhislandladyabouttheincident.“Howmanytimesdidyouringthebell?”sheasked.“Twice,”saidHenri.“Well,that’sthesignalforthedrivertogoon,”hislandladyexplained.“Onlytheconductorisallowedtoringthebelltwice.That’swhyhegotsoannoyed.”Henrinodded.“Isee,”hesaid.Task2【原文】TheTaylorfamily,wholiveinNorthLondon,areplanningtospendadayinNorwich.Theycan’t
9agreehowtogetthere.Mr.Taylor:Idon’twanttodriveallthatway.Let’sgobytrain.Mrs.Taylor:Butthat’ssoexpensive.It’smuchcheaperforafamilytogobycar.Peter:Whynottrythecoach?It’llbecheaperthanthetrain,andDaddywon’thavetodrive.Alison:ButI’llbesick!Ihatetravelingbycoach.Mrs.Taylor:Whichisthequickestwaytogetthere?Mr.Taylor:Well,it’lltakeatleastthreehoursbycar.Peter:No,itwon’t.NotifwetakethemotorwayoutofLondon.Alison:I’msurethere’safasttrainservice.Mrs.Taylor:Butwe’llhavetogettoLiverpoolStreetfirst.Andthenthere’sthetubefaresatthisend,andbusortaxifaresattheother.Alison:AndthecoachstationisatVictoria,sothat’sanextrajourneytoo.Mr.Taylor:Ithinktherearesomespecialfamilyrailfares.Perhapsthat’llbethecheapestway.Peter:Butitwon’tbethemostconvenient.Mrs.Taylor:Whydon’twecheckallthefactsandthendecide?Peter:OK.Task3TheUnitedStatesisfullofautomobiles.Therearestillmanyfamilieswithoutcars,butsomefamilieshavetwoorevenmore.However,carsareusedformorethanpleasure.Theyareanecessarypartoflife.Carsareusedforbusiness.Theyaredriventoofficesandfactoriesbyworkerswhohavenootherwaytogettotheirjobs.Whensalesmenaresenttodifferentpartsofthecity,theyhavetodriveinordertocarrytheirproducts.Farmershavetodriveintothecityinordertogetsupplies.Sometimessmallchildrenmustbedriventoschool.Insomecitiesschoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemorethanamilefromtheschool.Whenthechildrenaretooyoungtowalkthatfar,theirmotherstaketurnsdrivingthemtoschool.OnemotherdrivesonMondays,takingherownchildrenandtheneighbors’childrenaswell.AnothermotherdrivesonTuesdays,anotheronWednesdaysandsoon.Thisiscalledformingacarpool.Menalsoformcarpools,withthreeorfourmentakingturnsdrivingtotheplacewheretheyallwork.Morecarpoolsshouldbeformedinordertoputfewerautomobilesontheroadanduselessgasoline.Parkingisagreatproblem,andsoisthetrafficinandaroundcities.Toomanycarsarebeingdriven.Somethingwillhavetobedoneabouttheuseofcars.Task4【原文】Mr.Fine:Cananyoneintheclassexplainsomedifferencesbetweenazipcodeandanareacode?Mary:Bothofthemarenumbers.Mr.Fine:That’showtheyarealike.Buthowaretheydifferent?Mary:Azipcodeisformailingletters.Anareacodeisformakingphonecalls,Mr.Fine:Whatkindofphonecalls?Mary:Longdistancecalls.Mr.Fine:Allright.Andwhatisazipcode?Mary:WhenIwritealettertomyfriendsinNewYorkCity,Iwrite10027ontheenvelope.That’s
10theirzipcode.IhavesomeotherfriendsinNewYorkCity,buttheirzipcodeis10003.Mr.Fine:Inabigcitytherearedifferentzipcodesfordifferentpartsofthecity.Whataboutareacodes?Mary:Sometimesawholesmallcityhasthesameareacode.Mr.Fine:That’sright.Andsometimesawholestatehasthesameareacodeifitdoesn’thavemanytelephones.Forexample,theareacodeforthewholestateofArizonais802.Mary:ButNewYorkStatehasmillionsoftelephones,soithasmorethanoneareacode.Task5【原文】JameswroteaplayfortelevisionaboutanimmigrantfamilywhocametoEnglandfromPakistan,andtheproblemstheyhadsettleddowninEngland.Theplaywassurprisinglysuccessful,anditwasboughtbyanAmericanTVcompany.JameswasinvitedtogotoNewYorktohelpwiththeproduction.HelivedinDulwich,whichisanhour’sjourneyawayfromHeathrow.Theflightwasduetoleaveat8:30am,sohehadtobeattheairportabout7:30inthemorning.Heorderedamini-cabfor6:30,sethisalarmfor5:45,andwenttosleep.Unfortunatelyheforgottowindtheclock,anditstoppedshortlyaftermidnight.Alsothedriverofthemini-cabhadtoworkverylatethatnightandoverslept.Jameswokewiththatawfulfeelingthatsomethingwaswrong.Helookedathisalarmclock.Itstoodtheresilently,withthehandspointingto12:10.Heturnedontheradioanddiscoveredthatitwas,infact,tentonine.Hesworequietlyandswitchedontheelectrickettle.Hewasjustpouringtheboilingwaterintotheteapotwhenthenineo’clockpipssoundedontheradio.Theannouncerbegantoreadthenews,“...reportsarecominginofacrashnearHeathrowAirport.ABoeing707boundforNewYorkcrashedshortlyaftertakingoffthismorning.Flightnumber2234...”Jamesturnedpale.“Myflight,”hesaidoutloud.“IfIhadn’toverslept,I’dhavebeenonthatplane”.Task6【原文】AccordingtotheAmericanAutomobileAssociation,since1964allcarssoldintheUnitedStateshavebeenequippedwithseatbelts.(Thesearealsocalledsafetybelts.)Manystudiesofautomobileaccidentshaveshownthatsafetybeltscansavelives.Onestudyshowedthat40percentofthosekilledinautoaccidentscouldhavebeensavediftheyhadbeenwearingseatbelts.Unfortunatelybeltsarewornonlybyasmallpercentageofdriversandpassengers—about15percentincities,andonly9percentinsmalltowns.Andsafetybeltscannotprotectpeoplewhodonotwearthem.InordertofindoutwhatkindsofpeopledowearseatbeltsastudywasmadeinsevencitiesintheUnitedStates.Thefollowingfactswerelearnedaboutthosewhousetheirsafetybelt:1.Theydonotsmokewhiledriving.2.Theyhavehadmoreeducationthannon-users.3.Theyknowsomeonewhowasinjured(butnotkilled)inanautomobileaccident.Advertisementsbasedonthesefactshavebeenprintedinnewspapersandmagazinesinordertoteachpeopletheimportanceofusingseatbelts.Buttheseadvertisementshavenothelpedmuch.Somepeoplebelievethereshouldbealawrequiringdriversandpassengerstousesafetybelts.InAustralia,wherethereissuchalaw,deathsinautoaccidentshavedecreased24percent.Task7
11【原文】PartⅠ(Telephoneringingconstantly.Soundofkeyturninginlock,dooropening.)MissBrown:(answeringtelephone)Goodmorning.BlueStarTravelAgency.CanIhelpyou?Mr.Phillips:Isthatyou,MissBrown?I’vebeenringingtheofficefor10minutes.Wherehaveyoubeen?MissBrown:Sorry,Mr.Phillips.I’vejustarrived.Thetrafficwasterriblethismorning.Mr.Phillips:Thetrafficisstillterrible.I’vebeeninatrafficjamformorethananhour.LookaftertheofficeuntilIgetthere.Itmaytakealongtime.MissBrown:certainly,Mr.Phillips.Goodluck.(Soundofhangingup.)(toherself)Thankgoodnessthebossislatetoo!ThefirstthingI’mgoingtodoistakemycoatoff.ThenI’mgoingtositdownandhaveacupofcoffee.IthinkI’llswitchtheradioontoo.PartⅡ(Radiobeingswitchedon.)Radio:Hereisamessageforallmotorists.MostmajorroadsleadinginandoutofLondonarecongested.Motoristsshouldusealternativerouteswhereverpossible.Thetimeisnow9:30.Hereisthelocaltrafficnews.Announcer:HeavyrainduringthenighthasfloodedpartsoftheSouthCircularRoad.AnarticulatedlorryhasbrokendownontheM1.Trafficisnowonly2laneandmovingveryslowly.StrongwindsduringthenighthaveblowndownanumberoftreesontheM6andmanysectionsarenotinuse.Thatistheendofthelocaltrafficnews.Formorenewslistenagainat10o’clock.(Soundofradiobeingswitchedoffanddooropening.)Betty:(breathless)Hello,Carol.Sorry,butIcouldn’tgethereearlier.MissBrown:Nevermind,Betty.Haveacupofcoffeeandrelax.PartIII(Dooropenandslammed.Backgroundoftyping.)MissBrown:Oh,it’syouMr.Phillips.We’vebeenworriedaboutyou.Areyouallright?Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?Mr.Phillips:I’mgoingstraighttomyoffice.Aremyletterswaitingforme?Yes,Iwould.Andsomebiscuits.(Doorslams.)MissWhite:Phew.What’sthematterwithhim?Whyisheinsuchabadmood?MissBrown:Let’smakeacupofcoffeeforhimandfindout.Ifyoumakethecoffee,I’llspeaktoMr.Phillips.(Politeknockatdoor,dooropening.)MissBrown:We’remakingsomecoffeeMr.Phillips.Wouldyouliketohaveitwithus?Youcouldtellusaboutyourawfuljourney.(Backgroundsoundofcups.)MissWhite:Wasthetrafficbad,Mr.Phillips?Mr.Phillips:Wasthetrafficbad?Wewereintrafficjamsforthreehours.Ilefthomeattheusualtimeanddecidedtouseanewroute.Forthefirsttime,IusedtheM4.Neveragain.Thatwas
12becauseofthestormslastnight.Thenthetrafficlightswereoutoforder.Afterthattherewasabreakdownand..,finally,Iranoutofpetrol.(GigglesfromMissW.andMissB.Footsteps.Doorslams.)Task8【原文】Calgaryisanoiltown.ItishomeformorethanhalfamillionCanadians,andthispopulationmaywellbemuchclosertothreequartersofamillionormorebytheendofthecentury.DowntownCalgaryisfamous:thetallofficebuildingsinthecenterofthecitywereinthe“Superman”movies.ButCalgaryisalsothehomeofaverymoderntransportsystem,andtheLightRailTransit(LRT)ispartofit.Therailsystemwaschosenbecausethecostofenergyisnotsogreataswithabussystem,becauseitismucheasiertocarryagreaternumberofpassengersbytrainthanbybusorcar,andbecausethenoiseandpollutionisnotsogreataswithbusesandcars.ButwhatistheLRT?Itisa12.5-kilometreroute,aboveandbelowground.ThelighttraincarsaremadeinGermanyandCanada.InGermanytheyaremadebySiemensinDusseldorf,andthentakentoCanadawherefinalassemblyisdoneinCalgary.Eachcarisjustover24metreslong,andeachtrainisoperatedbyonlyoneman—thedriver.Thedriverisinaseparatecabin,andhecan’ttalktopassengers.Thetrainsstopforabout30secondsateachstation,andpassengerswhowanttogetinoroutmustopenthedoorsthemselves.Automaticticketmachinesareplacedontheplatforms.Passengerscanbuyaticketfromthese,ortheycanbuyspecialmonthlyticketscalledzipcards.However,ifpassengersarecaughtwithoutatickettheymaygeta$25fine.Task9【原文】Therearefartoomanyroadaccidentsinthiscountry:toomanydeathsandtoomanypeopleinjured.Onewonderswhoaremosttoblame:driversorpedestrians.Somepeoplesaythattheblamecannotbeputfairlywithoutconsideringthestateoftheroadsandthewholetransportsystem.IncrowdedcitieslikeLondon,BirminghamorManchester,roadconditionsaresochaoticthatbothdriverandpedestrianoftenendangerlivesthroughnofaultoftheirown.Suchdeficienciesastoomanyroadsigns,faultytrafficlights,suddennarrowingofastreet,congestedparkingareallasureindicationofbadroadconditions.Ontheotherhand,manyexpertsareconvincedthatthelargerpartoftheblameforthedeathtollmustbeputonpersonsandpersonsalone:driverswhodrivetoofastandwithoutanyconsiderationforothers,driverswhothinktheyaresafeatthewheeleventhoughtheyhavedrunktoomuchalcohol,driverswho,outofsomecurioussenseofpower,areincapableofunderstandingthattheircarisalethalweaponifimproperlyused.Pedestrians,likewise,mustsharetheguilt:steppingoffthepavementwithoutfirstlookingtotheleftorright,crossingroadswhenthetrafficlightsareagainstthem,jumpingoffamovingbus.Tobefair,pedestrians,driversandroadconditionsarealltoblame.Onelooksforwardtothedaywhenthemotorcarhasbeenreplacedbysomelessdangerousmeansoftransport.Task10【原文】
13It’saholidayweekend.Thepoliceofficersweresittinginahotroomreceivinginstructionsfromtheircaptain.OneoftheseofficerswasEdWilliams.Heandtenotherofficerswereonspecialduty.Thisweekendalone,over400peoplearegoingtodiefromaccidentscausedbydrunkdrivers.Over4,000peoplearegoingtoreceiveseriousinjuries,allcausedbydrunkdrivers.Theofficersaregoingtotrytopreventtheseaccidentsbeforetheyhappen．Meanwhile,JoeForestisenjoyinghimselfatafamilyparty.It’sgettinglateandhe’stellinghissisterthathe’sgoingtoleave.She’saskinghimtostayandwaitafewhoursbeforehedrives.“Don’tworry.I’mgoingtobefine.I’mgoingtodriveslowly.Ionlyhadafewdrinks.”OfficerWilliamsisatatollbooth,watchingcarsenterthearea.AgreenFordisapproaching,weavingfromlefttoright.OfficerWilliamsstopsthecarandtellsJoetogetout.HeasksJoetowalkalongthewhiteline.Joecan’tdoit.Joealsofailsthebreathtest.OfficerWilliamsistellingJoethathe’sgoingtoissuehimasummons.Andhecan’tdrivehiscarhome.Joecallshissister.She’sgoingtocomeanddrivehimhome.ThiswasJoe’sfirstoffense.He’sgoingtoappearincourtnextweek.Heisgoingtoreceivea$400fine.Thejudgeisalsogoingtosuspendhislicensefor60days.Thisfirsttime,otherdriverswerelucky.Joedidn’tkillthem.Butwhataboutthefuture,isJoegoingtostopdrinkinganddriving?Task11【答案】IfyouareadailyTransitrider,carryazipcard.It’squick,convenientandgivesyouunlimitedridesonanyregularCalgaryTransitservice.Thezipcardsavesyoumoneytoo!Paytheadultfareof90c,twiceadayfor22workingdayseachmonth,addsupto$39.60.Butazipcardcostsjust$31amonth.Italsosavesyoutheextra10conallexpressbuses.Buyazipcardandtakeadvantageofthebestwaytoride.Unit5Task1【原文】Stephen:Well,thereyouare,Mikko.“PassengersOnly.”That’syou.Mikko:Mr.Johnson,thankyouverymuchforbringingmetotheairport.Stephen:Apleasure,oldboy.Petros:Hewantstomakesureyouleave,Mikko.Stephen:Petros!Don’tsaythat!Itwasapleasurehavinghim.Petros:Justteasing.SeeyouatChristmas,Mikko.Mikko:Don’tforgettocome,now.Anddon’tforgetsomewarmclothesanddon’t…Oh,no!Ileftmytennisracquetbehind.Petros:Don’tworry.I’llbringitatChristmas.Goon,Mikko.Yourplanes!Mikko:Mr.Johnson.Er…thankyou.And…um…howdoyousayit?You’vebeenvery,verykind.AndMrs.Johnson.AndPenny.Stephen:Thankyouverymuch,Mikko.Niceofyoutosayso.Nowonyourway,oldboy.You’llmissyourplane.Petros:Haveagoodflight.Bye.Task2
14【原文】Penny,BuckandTonytookofffromGreenhillonJune23rd.TheyfleweastandgottothePacificinSeptember.Onthewaytheretheysawalotofinterestingthings.Theytraveledbycamelinthedesert.TheymetsomeBedouinpeoplethere,andlivedwiththemforafewdays.TheymadefilmsandrecordingsofdancesintheHimalayaMountains,andontheislandofBali.TheyflewtothemountainofNewGuineaandstayedinavillagethere.NowtheyareflyingoverthePacificOcean.Tony:Justlookatthoseislands!RealSouthSeaislands!They’rebeautiful,aren’tthey?Penny:Butlookoverthere.Buck:Ohdear!Badweather.Tony:DoesitoftenrainlikethisintheSouthSeas?Buck:Yes,itdoes.Penny:Wecan’tflyinthisrain.It’stoodangerous.I’mgoingtolanddownthere,nearthatisland.Buck:Becareful,Penny.Penny:Ofcourse.I’malwayscareful.Task3【原文】Itistheyear1872,PhileasFogghasjusthadlunchwithsomefriendsathisclubinLondon.Thesixmensatdownatatableandbegantoplaycards.Stuartspokeafterthegame.“Theworld’snotverybig,”hesaid.“Wecangorounditnowinthreemonths.”“Ineightydaysonly,”saidPhileasFogg.“Youcan’tdoitineightydays,”repliedStuart.“Ican,”saidFogg.“Howmuchdoyouwanttobet?”“Fourthousandpounds,”Stuartsaid.“Onlyfourthousand?”Foggcontinued.“Ihavetwentythousandinthebank.I’llbetallofit.”“Twentythousand?”Smartaskedinamazement.“Iwon’tlose,”saidFogg.“Eightydaysisquiteenoughforme.Butyoumustbetmetwentythousandpoundstoo.Doyouaccept?”Thefivementalkedtogetherandthenansweredhim.“Weaccept,”theysaid.“Whendoyoubeginthejourney?”“There’satraintoDoverataquartertonine.I’lltakeit.”“Thisevening?”“Yes,thisevening,”Fogganswered.“TodayisOctober2nd.I’llbebackonDecember21stataquartertonine.Andnow,let’splayagameofcards.Beginplease,Mr.Stuart.”Task4【原文】HappyHolidaysareofferingsomegoodholidaybargainsthisyear.HowaboutanadventureholidayinWales,forexample?Itcosts￡115perpersonforaweek’sholiday.Forthispriceyougetgoodfood—threemealsaday—andyousleepinmountainfarmhouses.YoumustalsopayforyourjourneytoWales,ofcourse.Ifyouandyourfamilylikesport,freshair,andahealthylife,thiswouldbeagoodholidayforyou.
15Perhapsyouwouldratherrelaxandlieinthesunallday.Thenwhydon’tyougotosunnySpain?HowabouttheCostadelSol?HappyHolidayscantakeyoutherequitecheaply.Itcosts￡250fortennightsinaluxuryhotel.ThispriceincludesthecostofthejourneyfromLondontoSpain—byair,ofcourse.Ifyoulikefreshair,ahealthylifeandplentyofsun,too,youcouldgosailinginGreece.Youdon’tneedtobeagoodsailor.Youcanlearnwhileyouareonholiday.Duringtheholidayyouliveontheboat.Youmustbuyyourownfood,butfoodinGreeceisquitecheap.Andtheholidayisnotveryexpensive:￡325perpersonfortwoweeks,includingthecostofairtraveltoandfromGreece.Task5【原文】TravelAgent:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?Dad:Yes.Goodmorning.Wesawyouradaboutcheappackagetrips.TravelAgent:Yes,ofcourse.Well,thesearetheonesthatareleft.Howmanyofyou…er…?Dad:Justthefour.MywifeandI,andthetwochildren.Child:Mum,canIsitoverthereandreadmycomic?Mum:No,youcan’t.Youwanttohelpuschoose,don’tyou?TravelAgent:We’vejustgotfourfamilytripsleft.Er...rangingfrom￡660forthiscampingholidayontheFrenchRivierato￡1,499foraweekinCorfu—that’safirstclasshotelwithswimming-pool,nightclub,youknow,everythingincluded.So,youknow,somethingtosuitalltastesandpockets.Child:Dad,isitOKifI...?Dad:No,itisn’t.Well,Imustsay,thatlastonecertainlydoesn’tsuitmypocket.Doyouthinkyoucould…telluswhatyougetforthoseprices?TravelAgent:Certainly.Well,ofcourse,there’stheflight,andtransporttoandfromtheair-port…er...accommodation,ofcourse.Otherwise,well,itvariesabit.InCopenhagenallyourmealsareincluded,youknow,becauseit’saguesthouse,and…er...thischaletinSardinia,forexample,isbasicallyself-catering,buttherearecertainactivitieslikepartiesand…excursions,and…er...they’reincludedintheprice.Dad:Thatlastonesoundsveryinteresting.Mum:Whatdoyoumean“interesting”?Who’sgoingtodoallthecookingandcleaning?Imustsay,Iratherlikethesoundoftheguesthouse.Child:Mum,...Mum:No!TravelAgent:Well,actually,madam,thereareextracateringfacilitiesprovidedforallourself-cateringholidays,shouldyouneedthem.Child:Dad,...Dad:Look,dousallafavourandgoandsitoverthereandreadyourcomic,willyou?TravelAgent:Theseareall-inclusivefamilybudgetprices—Iassureyoutheyrepresentasubstantialreductiononournormalprices.Er...downhereyoucanseeyourdatesfordepartureandreturn—18thto25thofJulyonalltripsexceptCopenhagen,whichistwodaysearlier,and,bytheway,extremelygoodvalueformoney—￡300offthenormalpriceat￡899.Mum:Oh,really?Youknow,I’veheardCopenhagenissuchabeautifulcity...Dad:Well,Idon’tknow.Thiscampingone’sobviouslyout—Imean,itsaysherethatthey’ve
16gotacasinoandcinemaandallthat,butitsoundstoomuchlikehardworkforme.ButwhataboutSardinia?Youknow,￡975isn’ttooexpensive.Mum:Mmm...probablynicerforthekids,too—youknow,warmer,andbeachesandallthat.Yes,let’stakeit.TravelAgent:Youwon’tregretit,madam,Icanassureyou.Now,Iwonderifyou’dmindjustgivingmeafewparticulars...Mum:Jimmy,whatareyoudoingoverthere?Itoldyounottoreadyourcomic.Comeandhavealookattheplacewe’regoingto.Task6【原文】TwopeoplewerehavingdinnerintheWaverleyrestaurant.Hereistheirconversation:Man:Areyouenjoyingyourmeal?Woman:Ithoughtthesoupwasverynice.Task7【原文】Friend:Hi,Tom.Howwasyourcampingtriplastweekend?Torn:Itwasadisaster.Friend:Adisaster?Whatwassobad?Tom:Well,Iwentcamping.Butyouwouldn’tbelievethebadluckIhad.Friend:Yeah?Whathappened?Tom:Well,IwenttoPineHills.IgotthereSaturdayafternoon.AndtheweatherwasreallynicesoIwentforahike.Friend:Yeah?Tom:Youknowthatbigforestthere?Friend:Mm-hmm.Tom:Igotlost.IhadabsolutelynoideawhereIwas.Friend:Lost?That’stoobad.Sowhathappened?Tom:Well,Ifinallyfoundmywaybacktothecampsite.Itwaslikeeightoreight-thirtyatnight.Iwasreallytiredandhungry,soIwasgoingtofixdinner.I’dbroughtalonganice,juicysteak.Iwascookingitoverthecampfire.Friend:Thatsoundsgood.Tom:Well,yeah,soIcookedit.Well,Itriedtocookit.Ireallycouldn’tseemuch,evenwithaflashlight.Iburnedthething.Burned!Friend:Oh,youburnedthesteak?Tom:Toacrisp.Icouldhardlyeatit.Butanyway,Ireallydidn’tmindmuchbecauseIwassotiredIjustwantedtogetsomesleep.SoIwenttobedearly.Then,abouteleveno’clock,thepeoplenexttometurnedonsomemusicandstartedtohaveaparty.Icouldn’tgetbacktosleep.Friend:Oh,youmusthavebeenangry.Tom:Iwasreallyangry!Finally,Iwentoverandaskedthemtommdownthemusic.Thenabouttwointhemorningitstartedtorain.Imeanitpoured.Friend:Ohno!Tom:Badenoughthattherewaswaterinmytent.Ihadtosleepinthecar.Friend:Yousleptinthecar?Butyoudrivethatlittle...
17Tom:Yeah,Iknow.Notrealcomfortable.Butthat’snotall.IgotupinthemorningandIfoundmyfoodwasgone.Friend:Whathappenedtoit?Tom:Animals,Iguess.Foxesorraccoons,probably.Ihadputthefoodinthetent,buttheygotit.SoIhadnobreakfast.BythattimeIfiguredtheweekendwasruinedanyway,soIdecidedtoleave.Friend:Yeah.Tom:Butmycarwasstuck.Man!TherewassomuchrainthatIwasstuckinthemud.Ifinallyfoundarangertohelppushmeout.Friend:Thisdoesn’tsoundlikeacampingtriptoberepeated.Tom:That’sforsure.Oh,andtofinishitoff,Ihadaflattireonthewayhome.Friend:Aflattire?Gee,Idon’timagineyou’regoingcampingagainforawhile.Tom:Oh,Idon’tknow.Imightgoagainnextweekend.Friend:What?Tom;Hey,nobodycouldhavethatkindofbadlucktwoweeksinarow.Task8【原文】February12thI’vefounditatlast!ThisistheplaceI’vebeenlookingfor—theislandofmydreams!It’sbeautiful,andithaseverythingIneed:food,freshwater,andpeace.Thelagoonisfulloffish.Therearecoconutpalmsandwildbananas.There’sanicelittlelakeamongthehills.Andnoonelivesonanyoftheislandsaroundhere.February14thI’vedecidedtostayhere.I’mtiredoftraveling.Igetseasickallthetime.AndIdon’treallywanttogetbacktocivilization.Iwanttogetawayfromitall—togetbacktonature.Iwanttolivethesimplelife—thekindoflifethatBill’sforefathersusedtolive,withoutmetalandmachinesandmoney.Iftheycouldlivelikethat,socanI.I’msureI’mascleverastheywere!February17thInafewminutesI’mgoingtogobacktotheboat.I’mgoingtofetchthethingsthatBillgaveme.I’llbringthembackhere.I’llsailtheboatouttosea.I’llpointittowardsSouthAmerica.ThenI’lljumpoffandswimbackhere.Ifanyonefindstheboat,they’llthinkIfellintothewaterbyaccident.February18thSohereIam—completelyaloneonmydreamisland.NowI’llbeabletodowhatI’vealwayswantedtodo:togettoknowmyself.BecauseI’veneverbeenreallysurewhoIam.I’veplayedtoomanypartsinmylife—toomanyrolesinfilms,andinreallife,too.NowIhavethechancetodiscovertherealBuckWestwood.Allmylifehe’sbeensleepingsomewheredeepinsideme—dreaminghis“greatdream”.Nowit’stimetowakeup,Buck.Beyourselfatlast!June2ndTherewasanotherstormtoday.Itrainedhard,andthewindblewawaypartoftheroof.Everythinginthehousegotwet.It’snotaverystronghouse.I’mnotverygoodatbuildinghousesoutoftreesandgrassandleaves.There’snothingtoeatexceptcoconutsandrawfish.I’mtiredofcoconuts,andIcan’tcookthe
18fishbecausethefire’sgoneout.IwishIhadsomedrywoodandsomematches.Junel0thIdon’tfeelverywell.Thereisn’tenoughcleanwateronthisisland,andtherearetoomanyinsects.Thehouseisfullofantsandflies.They’redrivingmemad!IwishIhadsomethingtokillthemwith!June15thOhdear!I’veonlybeenonthisislandforafewmonths,butitfeelslikeyearsalready.There’snobodytotalkto,andnothingtoread.IwishIcouldgetawayfromhere.Buthow?I’vebeentryingtobuildaboat,butIneedsomemoderntools.IwishIhadagoodaxe,asaw,ahammerandsomenails.June16thImustsendamessageforhelp.Buthow?That’stheproblem!IwishIhadaradio.Task9【原文】Hello!I’mverypleasedthatyouhavedecidedtojoinoneofournextLondonweekends.MynameisDianaandIwillbeyourresidentguideduringyourstayinLondon.Weshallarriveatthehotelatabout6:30onFridayevening.RememberthatwearestayingattheYHotelinGreatRussellStreet—that’sonthecornerofTottenhamCourtRoad.Afteryou’vegottoyourroomandyou’vehadachancetofreshenup,Ihopeyou’lljoinmeforshortwalkthroughtheWestEndofLondon.Leavingthehotelat7:30sharpIshallbestrollingdownCharringCrossRoad,turningoffthroughpartofSohotoPiccadillyCircus,thenthroughLeicesterSquaretofinishupatTrafalgarSquare.Onthewaywe’llpassalotoftherestaurants,theatresandcinemasthatyou’llbeabletovisitduringyourstayinthecapital.,ThewalkshouldtakeabouthalfanhourandwhenwegettoTrafalgarsquareyou’llbefreetogooffanddowhateveryoulike.WhynothaveaquickmealandthenseeoneofthelatestfilmsinoneofthemanycinemasaroundLeicesterSquare.Ifyouhaven’tstayedouttoolateonFridaynight,pleasejoinmeat9:30onSaturdaymorningforawalkthroughthegreatparksofLondon.We’lltakeashorttripontheundergroundtoLancasterGateandstrollacrossHydeParktotheFamousSerpentineLake.Don’tforgettobringapieceoftoastfrombreakfastwithyoutofeedtheducks.Fromtherewe’llcrossoverHydeParkCorner,oneofthebusiesttrafficintersectionsincentralLondon,andmakeourwaydownConstitutionHillinGreenParktoBuckinghamPalace.IfwecanseetheroyalstandardflyingontopofthePalace,we’llknowthatthequeenisathome,butIdon’tsupposeweshallseeher.FromBuckinghamPalace,weshallcrossintothethirdRoyalParkofStJames’s—possiblythemostbeautifulofall,andweshallarriveatTheHorseGuardsinplentyoftimetoseetheceremonyoftheChangingoftheGuardwhichtakesplaceeverymorningat11o’clock.OnSaturdayafternoonyoumightliketovisitTheHousesofParliament.RemembertheyareonlyopentovisitorsonSaturdaysduringParliamentarysessions.Ifthereissomeshoppingyouhavetodo,nowisthetimetovisittheOxfordStreetstores,orifyoufeellikerelaxingonaboatforawhile,youcancomewithmeonatripdowntheRiverThamestoGreenwich.I’llbeatWestminsterPierneartheHousesofParliamentat2o’clockintheafternoon,sojoinmethenifyou’dliketovisittheMaritimeMuseumandtheOldObservatoryatGreenwichandseesomeofthegreatRiverThamesatthesametime.
19Saturdaynightistheatrenightandweshallhaveticketsavailableforeitheratopmusicalorastraightplay.I’llgiveyoudetailsonFridaywhenyouarriveandyou’llbeabletochoosewhichyouwanttogoto.OnSundaymorningyou’llhavetheopportunitytovisitthegreatstreetmarketofLondoninPetticoatLane.I’llbeleavingthehotelat10:30.YoucanbuyanythingfromatinwhistletoatiarainPetticoatLane,socomeandjoininthefun.I’lltakeyoutoatraditionalLondonpubforlunchafterwardsandthenitwillbetimetogetbacktothehotel,pickupyourluggageandbeginyourjourneyhome.Task10【答案】IhopeI’vegiveyouaclearideaoftheprogrammeforyourLondonweekendandbeforeIfinishletmejustgiveyouoneortwopiecesofadvice,whichshouldmakeyourstaymoreenjoyable.First,pleasedoremembertobringwithyousomecomfortableshoestowear.Londonisabigplaceandwhateveryoudo,you’llfindyourselfdoingquitealotofwalking,socomfortableshoesarearealnecessity.Andsecondlyletmeaskyoutopleaselookafteryourmoney.Keepitsafeatalltimesandthenyouwillavoidanunpleasantaccident,whichcouldspoilyourwholeweekend.Unit6【原文】Mydreamhouseisnotverybigbutnotverysmall.Itisveryquietanditisnearthecentreofthecity.Iimaginealargegardenwithpetsincludingthreedogsandtwocats.Idreamofalargekitchenandacomfortablelivingroomwithabigsofaandbigwindows.Ilikebrightly-litrooms.Thereareonlytwofloors,withtwobedroomsandtwobathrooms.Thefurnitureismodernandnotdark.Iwouldliketohaveahobbiesroomwithplentyofbooksandmapsonthewalls.Finally,Iwouldliketohaveasmallswimmingpoolforthesummerandagoodsaunaforthewinter.Thisismydreamhouse.Task2【原文】Rod:Hello.IsthatOxford40414?Mary:Yesitis.Rod:Erm...I’menquiringabouttheflatwhichwasadvertisedinthelocalpaper.Mary:Ohyes?Rod:Wonderifyoucouldtellme,howmuchistherentamonth,please?Mary:It’s￡112.Rod:Isee.Isitfairlynearthecitycentre?Mary:Yes,it’sonlyaboutakilometreaway.Rod:Isee.Isitquitehandyfortheshops?Mary:Yes,withinaminuteortwoonfoot.Rod:Whataboutagarden?Mary:Wellyouhavetheuseofthegarden.
20Rod:Isee.Andcentralheating,isthere?Mary:Yes,yes.Gascentralheating.Rod:Isee.Erm...howmanyroomsarethere,please?Mary:Well,there’soneverylargebed-sittingroom,akitchenandbathroomandasmallhall.Rod:Isee.Erm...whichfloorisiton?Mary:Onthefirstfloor.Rod:Ohgood.Erm...woulditbepossibleformetovisitittomorrow,sayabout5o’clock?Mary:Yes,certainly.Rod:Ohgood.That’sfine.Couldyoujustgivemeyourname,please?Mary:Yes.ThenameisMaryJones[Yes.]andtheaddressis41NorthParade.Rod:41NorthParade.Fine.Thankseversomuch.I’llseeyoutomorrowat5o’clockthen.Mary:Yes.[OK?]Good.Rod:Bye-bye.Mary:Goodbye.Task3【原文】Mr.Henschelistalkingabouthishouse.Interviewer:Mr.Henschel,you’refromGermany,andyou’renowlivinginThailand.Mr.Henschel:Yes,that’sright.Ibuiltthishouseeightyearsago.Interviewer:WhydidyouchooseatraditionalThaihouse?Mr.Henschel:BecauseIcollectThaiantiquesandIthinktheylookbestinatraditionalhouse.Interviewer:It’sreallyverybeautiful.Andverycoolhereinthegarden.What’saboveus?Mr.Henschel:There’salarge,openverandahaboveus.See?There’sanopeninghere.Youcanseethesky.Interviewer:Andsomeoneontheverandahcanlookintothegarden.Mr.Henschel:That’sright.That’sthelivingroom,atthefrontofthehouse,withthestairsnexttoit.There’satoiletunderthestairsandnexttothatisthestudy.Interviewer:Whatelseisthereonthegroundfloor?Mr.Henschel:There’sadiningroomatthebackofthehouse,acrossfromthestudy.Interviewer:Andupstairs?Mr.Henschel:Thebedrooms,andtheverandah.Themainbedroomisabovethelivingroom.ButIdon’tneedalotofbedrooms.Ijustneedroomformyantiques.Interviewer:Butwhere’sthekitchen?Mr.Henschel:Thekitchenisoutside,there,intheotherbuilding.Thaihousesareoftenlikethat.Thentheheatandthecookingsmellsaren’tinthehouse.Task4【原文】Electricitycomesthroughanundergroundcable.Thenathincableentersyourhomethroughaspecialbox,calledafusebox,andameter.Thismetercountsunitsofelectricity,andattheendofamonthoraquarteryourparentspaytheirelectricitybill.Differentwiresgofromthemetertoalltheroomsinyourhouseorflat.Youcannotseethesewiresbecausetheyareunderthefloorsorinthewalls.Somewiresareforthelightsintheceiling,andothersareforallourmachines.Weuseelectricityforrefrigerators,cookers,waterheatersandwashingmachines.Whatdoesyourfamily
21useelectricityfor?Task5【原文】1)Something’sdefinitelywrong.It’snotcoolingproperly.ThefoodthatIputinityesterdaywasspoiledbytoday.2)It’sbeenoutoforderforseveralhours.Ican’tgetadialtone.I’dliketogetitfixedassoonaspossiblebecauseIhavetomakesomeimportantbusinesscalls.3)Iwishyoucouldfixthecentralheatinginthere.WhenIgotobedatnightit’ssocoldthatIcan’tgettosleep.4)Ithasn’tbeenheatingrightforsometime.Sometimesitgetstoohotandbumseverything.Othertimesitdoesn’tgethotenough,andthingsdon’tgetcooked.5)It’sbeendrivingmecrazyallsummer!Itkeepsbreakingdownanditdoesn’tkeeptheroomcool.It’ssohotinthisroommostofthetimethatIcanhardlybreathe.Task6【原文】WhenMrs.Kienast’squintupletswereborn,theyweretoosmalltoleavethehospital.Theycouldn’tleavethehospitaluntiltheyweighedenough.Duringthetimewhenthebabieswereinthehospital,Mrs.Kienastwasbusyathome.AftertheKienasts’neighborslearnedofthequintuplets’birth,theydecidedtoaddsomeextraroomstothefamily’shouse.Thehousewastoosmallforabigfamily.Ithadonlyfiverooms.Theneighborsdecidedtoaddsevenmore.Theyaregivingtheirlaborwithoutpaybecausetheywanttohelp.Task7【原文】MaryFargoandPeteRussellaretalkingabouthowtheyfeelabouttheirhouse,nowthatthey’vefinishedrenovatingit.Mary:Yes,yes.Ireallyfeelthatitwasallworthitnow.Whenpeoplecometoseeit,theyalwayssaytheyloveit,andthatwe’vedoneasuperjob,andit’sgoodtohearthat.Pate:Isometimeswalkaroundandjusttouchvariousthings—someofthesebooksareveryrareandthey’relovelytohold—here,feelthisleathercover.Ithinkahouseshouldbeallaboutthesenses.IhearMaryworkingoutinthemorningonherexercisebar,orplayingthepiano.Itreallysoundslikeahomeaswell.Mary:IthinkIhavetwofavouriterooms—themusicroomishere.Wehadthecarpetspeciallymade.Youcanfeelthethicknessofit,eveninshoes.It’saninformalsittingroom,really.Alotofourfavouritethingsareinthisroom.Sometimes,afteraheavyday,Iliketojustsithereandlookatthepaintings,orplaythepiano,orlistentomusic.Myotherfavouriteisthebreakfastroombecauseit’ssobrightandcheery,andinthesummerwethrowthewindowsopenandIcanhearthebirds,orPeteplayingwiththedog.Pete:SomeoneaskedmetheotherdayifIcouldbeartodoitallagain.Interviewer:Andwhatdidyousay?Pete:Wellofcourse,it’sallworthwhileintheend.Buttotellyouthetruth,Iwasalmostsadwhenitwasfinished.Well,youknowthat,IwonderedwhatIwasgoingtodonext.Iloveddesigningthecurtainsforexample.AndIlikeddoingthewallpaper.Anditwasespeciallygoodbecauseweweredoingitforourselves.Ihateddoingsomeofthemundanethings,though.
22Mary:Ithinkit’saquestionofdegree,really.Ilikesometypesofshopping.Iloveshoppingforantiques,forexample.Andchoosingfurnitureandfabrics.Ilikedoingthat.WhatIhatedoingisordinaryday-to-dayshopping.Iloveshoppingforadinnerparty,forexample.Goingintoallthesmallspecialtyshops,thecheeseshop,thefishmonger’sandsoon.ButIhateshoppingforwashingpowder,forexample.Idon’tlikedingtheordinaryboringthings.Task8【原文】Inrecentyears,therehavebeenimportantsocialandeconomicchangesintheUnitedStates.And,thesechangeshaveaffectedalmostallofAmerica’shousingsystem,fromhomebuildingtohomebuying.Firstofall,Americanfamiliesaregrowingsmaller.Peopletodayarehavingfewerchildren,orchoosingnottohavechildrenatall.Manypeoplearemarryinglaterinlife.And,about40percentofallAmericanmarriagesendindivorce.AllthismeansthatmanyAmericansnowwantsmallerhouses.And,alargerpercentagearebuyingapartments.Thishascreatedashortageofrentalhousinginmanypartsofthecountry.Ithascausedspecialdifficultiesforthosewhoareoldorpoor,anddonothavethemoneytobuyaplaceoftheirown.Somepeoplearesolvingthisproblembyformingcooperatives.Inacooperative,everyoneinanapartmentbuildingjoinstogetherandbuysashareofthebuilding.If20percentofthoselivinginthecooperativehavelowearnings,thenthegroupcangetalow-interestloanfromthegovernment.Ifpeoplewanttoselltheirshareinthecooperative,theycannotreceivemorethantheypaidforit.Thishelpskeepthecostofcooperativeslow.RecentconcernoverthecostofenergyalsohasbroughtchangesinAmericanhousing.Somepeoplearemovingbacktothecities,tosavethecostofdrivinglongdistancestowork.And,manyAmericanshavebeguntoseekhomesthatcostlesstoheatandlight.Somehomesarebeingbuiltunderground.Theycostalmostnothingtoheat,becausethetemperatureoftheearthchangesverylittleastheseasonschange.Othernewhousesgettheirenergyfromthesun.Duringtheday,heatfromsunlightiscollectedthroughwindowsonthesouthsideofthehouse.Atnight,thewindowsarecovered,andthecollectedwarmthheatsthehome.Recently,theAmericaneconomyhasalsohadamajoreffectonAmericanhousing.Inflationhaspushedthecostofhomeshigherandhigher.And,interestrateshavebecomeveryhigh.Buyersnowmustpayasmuchas18percentinterestforhousingloans.Americanswithjustmoderateearningsnowfinditverydifficulttomakemonthlypaymentsonnewhome.Inthelastfewmonths,evenapartmentshavegrowntoocostlyformostpeopletobuy.Task9【原文】Mike:Helloeveryone,andwelcometothismonth’seditionofDebateonRadioTime,theprogrammeforstudentsofEnglishroundtheworld.WithmeinthestudiotodayIhavefourguests,JamesandAlicefromSheffield,andDavidandLouisefromasmallvillageinYorkshire.Howdoeslivinginatowncomparewithlivinginthecountry?Whatdotheyallthink?Let’sstartwithyou,James.
23James:LivinginatownlikeSheffieldiswonderful.Thereissomuchtodo.Myparentsoftengotothetheatreorthecinema.Ibelongtoayouthclubandgotolotsofdiscos.There’sagoodswimmingpoolattheSportsCentreandalargelibrary.Publictransportisgood,soit’seasytogetfromoneplacetoanother.Iliveverynearmyschool,soIcanwalkthere,andit’seasytovisitmyfriends.Mike:Soyou’reveryhappy.Whataboutyou,Alice?Alice:Well,Jamesisrightinmanyways.ButIdon’tlikelivingintown.It’sverynoisywithallthetraffic,andratherdirty.Ilikegoingforlongwalksinthefreshair,butwe’veonlygotparks.Icycletoschooltogetsomeexercisebutit’sratherdangerous,andcardriversshoutatyou.Idon’treallylikediscosorcinemas.Ilikeopenfieldsandapeacefullife.Mike:Soyou’reacountrygirlatheart?Doyouagreewithher,David?David:Yes,Ido.You’reclosertonatureinthecountryandit’smuchquieter.Youcanwatchtheplantsandanimalschangewiththeseasons,andthere’smoreroomtoplayoutofdoors.Andpeoplearemorefriendly.Theyseemtohavemoretime,sotheystopandtalktoyou.There’slesstraffictoo,sotheairstaysfresh.Mike:DoyouagreewithDavid,Louise?Louise:Notreally.Ithinklifeinthecountryisverydull.It’stooquiet.Andyoucan’treallyplayanywherebecausethefieldsarefullofcropsandanimals.Thereislesstraffic,butpeopledriveveryfastoncountryroads,sotheyarequitedangerous.Idon’tlikeanimals.Thenearestyouthclubistenmilesaway.TheworstthingisthatIhavetogetupveryearly.Publictransportisverybadinthecountry,soIhavetocatchaspecialschoolbusfromtheotherendofthevillage.Allmyschoolfriendsliveindifferentvillages,andit’sdifficulttoseethemoutofschool.Life’smuchbetterintown.Mike:Well,wedon’tagree.Twoforandtwoagainst.Well,whereisitbesttolive?Canyouthinkofanymorepoints?Haveadebateinyourclassandtakeavote.Nowit’sgoodbyefromJames,Alice,DavidandLouise.All:Goodbye,everybody.Mike:ThankyouforjoiningusanduntilnextRadioTime.Goodbyefromme.Task10【原文】Well,IthinkI’dprefertoliveinavillagebecause...well,Ithinkthepeopletherearefriendlyandthereisalotoffreshair.IthinklifegenerallyishealthierinavillageandIlikebeingclosetonature.Andit’sveryimportantformyworkasawritertohavepeaceandquiet.Well,I’dprefertoliveinacitybecausethere’smoregoingon.Er...beinganactress,Ineedtogotothecinemaandthetheatreandthere’sfarmoreentertainmentinthecitythanthereisinthecountry,Ofcourse.Ialsolikeitbecause...um...peoplearemoreopen-minded.People don’t...um...mindwhatyoudointhecity.Andfortheshoppingaswell,Imean,Ilovegoingtothevillageshops,butthestoresandshopsinLondoncan’tcomparewithanything.Yes,well,Ipreferlivinginavillage.It’ssaferthanacityandthere’slesscrimeandofcoursethere’slesstraffic,soit’smuchmorepleasant.Then,it’smuchcheaperthanthecity.Thereare…youknow,rentsarecheaperandsoofcoursearehouseprices.It’squiet,it’s…it’speaceful.Yes,I
24muchpreferlivinginavillage.Yesyou.ThinkofthechildrenRoger.Itseemstomethatyou’reso…socarriedawaywiththeidea…thatyou’regoingto…theideaofbuyingahouseatlonglastthat…well…yourpersonallikesanddislikesare…aremakingyouanythingbutpractical.Alexforexample.He’llbegoingtosecondaryschoolnextyear.AndasfarasI’mconcernedthenearertheschoolthebetter.Haveyoureadthedescriptionofyourbeautifulvillagehouse?Whereisit?Yes,hereweare.“Localprimaryschoolwithinwalkingdistance”itsays.ThatofcoursemeansthatthenearestsecondaryschoolwillbeinColchester.Task11【原文】Isitbettertorentfurnitureortobuyyourownhomefurnishings?Today,manyyoungpeoplearerentinginsteadofbuying,andfurniturerentalisoneofthefastest-growingbusinessesintheUnitedStates.Thereasonforthistrendisquitesimple.Peopleprefertowaituntiltheyhaveenoughmoneytobuyfurniturethattheyreallylikeinsteadofbuyingusedorcheapfurniture.Rentinghasanotheradvantagetoo.Itsavespeoplethecostofmovingtheirfurnituretootherpartsofthecountrywhentheyrelocate.Task12【答案】Formanyyears,owningahomehasbeenanimportantpartoftheAmericandream.SincetheendofWorldWarII,thatdreamhascometrueforagrowingnumberofAmericans.Justbeforethewar,lessthanhalfofallfamiliesintheUnitedStatesownedtheirownhomes.Toda,about65percentdo.AmericansalsoarelivinginnewerhomesthanatanyothertimeinAmericanhistory.Theaveragehometodayisabout23yearsold.Manyofthesenewhousesareinsuburbanareas,justoutsideAmerica’scities.About30yearsago,buildersstartedputtinguphousesintheseareasbythehundreds,andsoldthemasquicklyastheycouldbuildthem.Today,35percentofallAmericansliveinsuburbanhousingareasthatdidnoexist30yearsago.Theremaining65aredividedaboutequally,betweencitiesandsmalltowns.Unit7Task1【原文】Jane:WhatareyoudoingEmma?Emma:I’mwritingtoFatherChristmas.Mark:Oh—she’saskingforChristmaspresents.WhatdoyouwantEmma?Emma:Well,Icanreadnow.Ilikebooks.So,Iwantajokebook.Jane:Look.Here’soneinthismagazine.Itcoststwopoundsfifty.It’sverynice.Emma:Yes,itis.Iknow,IcanaskFatherChristmastobringpresentsforyouandMark,too.Mark:Goodidea!Well,Ilike...Jane:Trains!Youliketrains.Weknow.Mark:SoIwantthistrain.Look.Isn’titsplendid?Jane:Mark,thatmodeltraincosts...
25Mark:Yes,Jane,Icanseetheprice,butlookatit.Jane:Well,Idon’twantatrain.Emma:Therearesomenicedolls.Jane:OhEmma.I’mfifteenyearsold.Idon’tlikedolls.Iwantaradioformybedroom.ThenIcanlistentoallmyfavouritesongs.Mark:Aradio.Here’sone.Look.Itcoststwenty-sevenpounds,ninety-ninepence.Jane:That’sOK.RightEmma.FinishyourlettertoFatherChristmas.Tellhimtoputajokebook,atrainandaradioinhisbigsack.Anddon’tforgettoputtherightaddressontheletter!Task2【原文】It’s8pmonChristmasEve.EveryoneishappybecausetomorrowisChristmasDay.Buteveryoneisbusytoo.There’salotofworktodo.HereisthePhillips’familyintheirhome.Whataretheyalldoing?Emmaisgoingtobednow.She’shangingupheremptystockingforFatherChristmas.She’sthinkingofthepresentsunderthetree.Shewantstoopenallherpresentsnow,butshecan’t.Shemustopentheminthemorning.Markisinthebathroom.He’sgoingtoapartytonight,sohe’shavingabath.Nowhe’swashinghisfeetandsingingacarol.JaneisputtingthelastChristmascardsonthetableinthehall.Shecan’tputtheminthesitting-roomorthedining-roombecausetheyarefullofcards.She’slisteningtothecarol-singers.Thereisnooneinthedining-room.It’sempty.Mr.Phillipsisinthesitting-room.He’sputtingallthepresentsunderthetree.He’sthinkingabouthisbusyday.ParentsalwaysworkhardatChristmas.Andwhere’sMrs.Phillips?Sheisworkinginthekitchen.She’spreparingallthefoodfortomorrow’smeals.TheChristmaspuddingisready,andsoistheturkey.Nowsheisdecoratingthecake.She’shavingaglassofsherrybecauseit’sChristmas.Therearesomecarol-singersinthestreet.Theyaresingingcarolsandcollectingmoneyforpoorpeople.NowtheyareknockingonthefrontdoorofthePhillips’house.Thechurchbellsareringingtoo.Everyonecanhearthem.Andthere,inthesky,a.longwayaway...Who’sthat?It’sFatherChristmas.He’sdrivingthroughtheskyinhissleigh.Tonight’sabusynightforhim.He’sthinkingaboutallthoseblackchimneys.Andhe’slookingatalonglistofchildren’snamesandaddresses.IsEmmaPhillipsonhislist?Task3【原文】Howmuchdoyourememberofthetimewhenyouwereachild?Yougotupearlyeverymorningandwenttoschool.Youreadbooksatschool.Youdrewpicturesandmadethingsoutofclay.Youdrankmilkeverydayandatethingsthatweregoodforyou.Perhapsyouhadplaits.Perhapsyouflewakite.Perhapsyouwentabroadforyourholidays.Youcanseephotographsofyourselfinthefamilyalbum.Theyhelpyoutorememberthedistantpast.IremembertheChristmasholidaysbest.Itwasalwayscold.Thedayswereveryshort.Thenightswerelonganddark.Itwasn’tagoodtimeoftheyear—exceptforonething.IalwaysreceivedpresentsatChristmas.Icanrememberthebrightlightsinthestreets.Icanrememberthebigshopsandthecrowds.MymotheralwaystookmetoLondontoseethelights.Andshealwaystookme
26tooneofthebigshopstomeetFatherChristmas.Thiswasaspecialeventeveryyear.IalwaysmetFatherChristmasinabigshop.Ialwaysaskedforlotsofpresentsandhealwaysbroughtthemforme.TwoweeksbeforeChristmasoneyear,IwenttoLondonwithmymother.Iwasfiveyearsoldatthetime.Ishallneverforgettheday.Itwascoldanddark.Buttheshopwindowswereverybright.Thestreetswerefullofpeople.Therewerecrowdsinthestreetsandcrowdsintheshops.Mymotherheldmyhandtightlyandwebothwentintoabigshop.Itwaswarmandbrightintheshop.Webothwentupstairstothetoydepartment.Thetoydepartmentwasfullofchildren.Therewerelovelytoyseverywhere:cars,bicyclesandplanes.ThenIsawmyoldfriendatoneendofthedepartmentstore:FatherChristmashimself!Ipulledmymotherbythehand.“PleasetakemetoFatherChristmas,”Isaid.TherewerelotsofchildrennearFatherChristmas.Theywerestandinginaline.FatherChristmasspoketoeveryoneofthem.Atlastitwasmyturn.“Hello,littleboy,”hesaidtome.“Wheredoyoulive?”“Don’tyouknow?”Ianswered.“Youcamelastyear.”Ican’trememberwhatFatherChristmasanswered.ButIrememberonething.Iwasverysad.FatherChristmashadn’trememberedmyname.Hecalledme“littleboy”.Andhehadn’trememberedmyaddress.Igotmypresentsthatyear,asusual,butitwasn’tthesame.Somethinghadchanged.Task4【原文】InlateOctoberinthenorthernhalfoftheworld,thedaysgrowshorterandthenightsgrowlonger.Itiscolderanddarker.Thereismistandfog,andcoldwindsblow.Theleavesfallfromthetrees,andtheirblackskeletonsstandoutagainsttheautumnsky.Theyearisendingandeverythingisdying.Winteriscoming,withitslongdarknights.Peoplestayathomeintheeveningsandatweekends.Oldpeoplerememberthepastandyoungpeoplethinkofthefuture.Itisatimeofmemories,ofhopesandfears.ItisthetimeofHalloween.Halloweenmarkstheendofautumnandthestartofwinter.Inthepastthisfestivalwasatimeoffear.Peoplebelievedinghostsandwitchesandtheystayedindoors.OnOctober31st,Halloween,theghostsofthedeadrosefromtheirgraves,andallthewitchesoftheworldrodethroughtheskyontheirbroomsticks.Todaythisancientfestivalisatimeforfun,forHalloweenparties.Youcanseeghostsandwitches,buttheyareordinarypeopleinfancydress.Everyoneeatsrichautumnfood,pumpkinpieorgingercake.Peoplemakelanternsfrompumpkins.Andtheytrytotellthefuture.Task5【原文】WhatwoulditbelikeifyouwerethereonthefirstThanksgivingDay?(PartⅠ)Whatwouldyourhousebelike?Crowded!Therewereonlysevensmallhousestolivein.Soeveryonehadtosqueezeintogether.Youmighthavehadfourorfiveextrapeoplelivingwithyourfamily.Eachhousehadonlyoneroom,calledthehall.Thehallwasyourkitchen,bedroom,diningroom,andyourlivingroom.Therewasalsoaloftupstairs,butthatwasusedforstorage.Thefurnituregotmovedaroundalot.Whenitwastimetoeat,outcamethewoodenbenchesandboardsthatwereusedtomakeatable.
27Atnight,thebenchesandtheboardswerelacedagainstthewalls.Outcamethelumpymattresses,whichwerelaidrightonthecolddirtfloor.Ifyouwereoneoftheluckyones,yourfamilymighthavearealbed.Yourparentssleptontopandyousleptinthe“trundle”bedhiddenunderneath.Itwaslikeabigdrawerthatwaspulledoutatbedtime.Yourhousewasdarkinside.Youcouldn’tseeanythingoutofthetinywindowsbecausetheyweremadefromoiledcloth,notglass.Anditwassmelly!Theairwasfullofsmokefromthefish-oillampsandfromthebigfireplace,wheresomethingwascookingalldaylong.Task6【原文】WhatwoulditbelikeifyouwerethereonthefirstThanksgivingDay?(PartII)DidthePilgrimsthinkdrinkingbeerwaswrong?No.ThePilgrimswereveryreligious.Theythoughtitwasasintogetdrunk.Buttheydiddrinkbeer.Theydrankbeerbecauseitwassaferthanwater.MostofthewaterinEnglandwaspollutedintheearly1600s.Youcouldgetverysickfromit.Butbeerwassafebecauseithasalcoholinit,andalcoholkillsgerms.So,that’swhatpeopledrankeveryday.Buttheirbeerwasnotlikethebeertoday.Thewomenmadeitathome.Therewasverylittlealcoholinit,soyouwouldn’tgetdrunkfromdrinkingitwithyourfood.Peoplehadbeerforbreakfast,lunch,anddinner.Theythoughtitwasgoodforyou.Childrenstarteddrinkingitassoonastheywereabletoholdacupintheirhands.Whohadtocleanthedishes?Nobody!ThePilgrimsdidn’tcleantheirdisheswithsoapandwaterthewaywedotoday.Thewomenandgirlsjustrinsedthepotterybowls,woodenplatters,cups,knives,andspoonsandputthembackontheshelf.Napkinswerewashedonlyonceamonth.Youcanimaginehowdirtytheygot!ButthePilgrimsweren’tbotheredbydirtthewayweare.Theywereusedtoit.Anddoingthelaundrywasareallybigjobinthosedays.First,thewomenhadtomakesoapoutofanimalfatandashes.Thattookalongtime.Thenthechildrenhadtocarrywaterfromthestream,soitcouldbeboiledinbigoutdoorpots.Aftereverythingwaswashed,thelaundrywashungonbushestodry.Task7【原文】EverySaintPatrick’sDay,mywholefamilyhastoweargreen.Ifsomeonedoesnot,theneveryonegetstopinchthatperson!Lastyear,mygrandpaforgottoweargreen!Hefinallyfoundsome,sowedidn’tpinchhim.EveryEaster,myNannygivesmybrotherandmeasmallEastereggwithaclueinit.Wefollowclueafterclueuntilwecometoaprize.Thisismyfavouriteholidaytradition.MyfavouritetraditionalholidayistheChineseNewYear.IlikeitbecausemyfamilygoestoaChinesetempleinLosAngeles.Itisverybeautifulandexciting.WegettoseeChinesedragonsdanceonthestreets.
28OnthenightbeforeChristmas,wegoaroundourtownandlookattheChristmasdecorationsonallthehouses.Whilewelookatthelights,weeathotboiledpeanuts.Whenwegethome,wereadThePolarExpressandChristmasstory.AtourchurchonEaster,weputabunchofflowersonacrossoutbytheroad.Itturnsoutverycolorfulandverybeautiful!Ilovegettingmypicturetakeninfrontofit.Thatismyfavouriteholidaytradition.InIndia,wehaveaholidaycalledHoli.Wecallourfriends,gettogether,andthrowateachotherwaterwithpaintmixedinit.Itisgreatfun.IloveHoli!Task8【原文】InJapan,NewYear’sDayisalsocelebratedonlstJanuary.Atmidnightonthelastdayoftheoldyear,thebellsineveryBuddhisttemplearestruckonehundredandeighttimes.Asthesoundofthebellsdiesaway,theNewYearbeginsandBuddhiststhinkaboutwaysinwhichtheycanlivebetterintheyeartocome.Thethemeofwater,whichisusedinbaptismtowashawaythesinsoftheworld,isalsolinkedwithapre-Christiancustom—thetraditionofWell-dressing.Atonetime,thefearofsummerdroughtledpeopletomakeofferingstothewaterspirits,whowerethoughttoliveinspringsandwells.Decoratingwellswithflowers,shells,mossandothernaturalobjectsdepictingareligioussubjectisanartpassedonfromfathertosoninEnglishvillages.Eachyear,onthefifthdayofMay,JapaneseboyslookforwardtoKodomono-hiorChildren’sDay.Onthisday,familieswithyoungboysflycolourfulstreamersandenormouskites,intheshapeofcarps,fromalargepoleinthegarden.Thestreamersandcarpkitessymbolizeafamily.Thefirstkiterepresentsthefather,thesecondkite,themotherandthethirdkite,thechildren.Insidethehouses,familiesdisplaytraditionalwarriordollsandbathethechildreninirisleaves.Themainpurposeofthisfestivalistoshowyoungboystheimportanceofqualitiessuchasstrengthanddetermination.Task9【原文】AmajorfestivaloftheChineseyearistheDragonBoatFestivalorDuanwuJie.Thiscommemoratesthedeathofanationalhero,QuYuan,whodrownedhimselfinprotestagainstacorruptgovernment.Itissaidthatdumplingsmadeofrice,meatandotheringredientswerethrownintotherivertofeedthefishsothattheywouldnoteathisbodyandthewaterwasbeatenwithpaddlestoscareoffotherdangerouscreaturesintheriver.Today,boatsdecoratedwithdragonheadsandtailscompetewitheachotherinaraceaccompaniedbyagreatdealofdrumbeatingandnoise.OneofthemostcolourfulDragonBoatFestivalstakesplaceinHongKongwhereaninternationalboatracehasbeenheldinthemonthofJuneeachyearsince1976.TheFerragostoon15AugustistheclimaxoftheItalianholidayseason.Itisafamilyoccasion
29thattakesplaceeachyearonAssumptionDay,thedayonwhichtheRomanCatholicandOrthodoxchurchescelebratetheascentoftheVirginMarytoHeaven.InMexico,oneofthemostimportantfestivalsoftheyearistheFestivaloftheDeadonAllSoulsDay.ThisisbothaChristianandanearlyAmericanIndiancelebrationatwhichpeoplelightcandlesinmemoryofthedead.Task10【答案】AtmidnightofChristmasEveorearlyinthemorningonChristmas,Christiansgotochurchforaspecialservice.OnChristmasmorning,everyoneopenstheirpresentsandthenit’stimetodecoratethetablewithcandlesandChristmascrackers.ForChristmasdinnerpeopleeatroastturkey,roastpotatoes,greenvegetablesandsauces.ThentheyhaveChristmaspudding.Afterdinnertheyputonpaperhats.Theyreadoutthejokesfromthecrackersorplaygames.Atfiveo’clockpmit’stimeforteaandChristmascake.ThedayafterChristmasisBoxingDay.Peoplevisittheirrelationsorgotoparties.Ortheyjustspendaquietdayathome.NooneworksonBoxingDay,AfterChristmaseveryoneneedsaholiday!Unit8Task1【原文】1)APECistheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation.2)ASEANistheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations.3)EUistheEuropeanUnion.4)FAOistheFoodandAgricultureOrganization.5)IAEAistheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency.6)ILOistheInternationalLabourOrganization.7)IMFistheInternationalMonetaryFund.8)NAFTAistheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.9)WHOistheWorldHealthOrganization.10)WTOistheWorldTradeOrganization.Task2【原文】1)GiantkangaroosfromanationalparknearCanberra,Australia’scapital,recentlyattackedanelementaryschool.2)OfficialsinUgandahavebegunhuntingcrocodilesaroundLakeVictoria.3)OfficialsinChicago,Illinois,arehopingtohelptheenvironmentbyplantinggardensonthetopsofbuildings.4)Chinaplanstoresettlemorethan125,000peoplebecauseofthehugedambeingbuiltontheYangtzeRiver.5)Delegatesfrommorethan60nationsandorganizationsaregatheringinJapantoopenaconferencetohelprebuildAfghanistan.6)OfficialsfromMongoliaandtheUnitedNationshaveappealedfor11milliondollarsinaidfortheAsiannation.
307)Earlyresultsfromthegovernment’spopulationcountshowthatIndiahasmorethanonebillionpeople.8)ThegovernmentsaysChina’spopulationhasincreasedtomorethanonebilliontwohundredmillion.Task3【原文】NewsItem1AndthisnewsfromSouthAfrica—CommonwealthleadershavecalledforfairtreatmentforpoornationsattheWorldTradeOrganizationtalkslaterthismonth.CommonwealthSecretary-GeneralEmekaAnyaokureadastatementfromtheleadersduringtheirmeetinginDurban.Itcallsforremovalofalltradeblocksfortheexportsofpoorcountriesanditsaysthatstrongexportgrowthisnecessaryforimprovingthelivingconditionsofpoorcountries.Ministersfromthe134-nationWorldTradeOrganizationwillmeetintheAmericancityofSeattle,Washington,2weeksfromnow.Theywillplananewseriesoftradetalksfornextyear.NewsItem2ThousandsofdemonstratorshaveforcedthecancellationoftheopeningceremonyattheWorldTradeOrganizationmeetingintheAmericancityofSeattle,Washington.AWTOofficialsaidministersfrom135membercountrieswillcontinuetradetalks.However,hesaidtheofficialopeningceremonywilltakeplacelater.ThedecisionwasmadeafterpoliceclashedwithdemonstratorsinthecenterofSeattle.Thedemonstratorsaccusedthetradegroupofdefendingtheinterestsofbigbusinesses.Theysayitdoesnotcareaboutworkersandtheenvironment.Representativesattheconferencewillattempttosettledifferencesinvolvingaidtofarmers,laborrules,tradetaxesandotherissues.Task4【原文】LeadersfrommanynationsareattendingtheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationConferenceintheholidayareaofCaboSanLucas,Mexico.APECwasestablishedin1989asatradegroupforthenationsofAsiaandtheAmerica.ItwasformedinreactiontothegrowingdependencyamongeconomiesofcountriesthatborderthePacificOcean.Itsgoalwastosupporteconomicgrowthamongthosecountriesandtocreateasenseofcommunity.APEChas21membereconomies.ThecombinedpopulationofAPECcountriesisabout2,500,000,000(twoandonehalfthousandmillion)people.Thecountriesareresponsibleforalmosthalfofallworldtrade.APECforeignandtradeministersstartedtalksearlierthisweek.OnThursday,theforeignministersapprovedajointstatementthatpromisedtosuppressthefinancingofterrorism.Thestatementalsopromisedtostrengthensecurityforairtravelandshippingofgoods.Task5【原文】NewsItem1Andthisnews.Thecomputercompany—Microsofthasbecomethefirstcompanyinhistorytobevaluedatmorethan500,000milliondollars.Microsoftproducesanoperatingsystemthatisusedinmostofthecomputersintheworld.MicrosoftwasestablishedbyBillGates.Ifthe
31companywereacountry,itwouldhavethe9thlargesteconomyintheworld.NewsItem2InWashington,ajudgehasruledthatMicrosoftCompanyhasactedasamonopoly.ThismeansMicrosofttookstepstoendcompetitionfromothercompaniestogaintotalcontrolofthemarket.ThejudgesaidthatMicrosoft’sbusinessactionsharmedpeoplewhobuycomputerproducts.Thecourtdecisionisconsideredamajordefeatforthecompany.Microsoftistheworld’slargestmakerofcomputersoftwareproducts.Task6【原文】InNovember,aWashingtonD.C.judgefoundtheMicrosoftCorporationguiltyofmisusingitspowertocontrolthemarketforcomputerprograms.JudgeThomasPenfieldJacksonannouncedhisfindingsaftermonthsoftrial.HesaidMicrosoftusesitspowertoillegallyblockcompetition.JudgeJacksonlaterorderedthatMicrosoftbedividedintotwosmallerbusinesses.TheMicrosoftCorporationquicklyappealedJudgeJackson’srulingtoaFederalCourt.Lastweek,theFederalAppealsCourtruledonthecase.ItsaidMicrosoftCorporationwasguiltyofcreatingacompanythatuseditspowertoblockcompetition.ThesevenAppealsCourtjudgesagreedwithJudgeJacksonthatMicrosoftlimitedcreativityinthecomputerindustryandharmedthepublic.TheysaidthatMicrosoftwasguiltyofviolatingseveralfederallaws.However,theFederalAppealsCourtalsosaidtheWashingtonD.C.courtmustreconsideritsordertodivideMicrosoftintotwosmallercompanies.ThefederalcourtdismissedJudgeJackson’sdecision.TheAppealsCourtjudgesaccusedJudgeJacksonofnotbeingfairduringtheMicrosoftTrial.TheyseverelycriticizedhimforcommentshemadeaboutMicrosoftanditschairmantoreportersduringthetrial.TheFederalAppealsCourtalsosaidJudgeJacksonrepeatedthesemistakesseveraltimes.Itsaidthepublicwouldloseitstrustinalegalsystemthatpermitsjudgestospeaktheiropinionstoreportersduringatrial.LegalexpertssayboththefederalgovernmentandMicrosoftcanclaimsmallvictorieswiththeFederalAppealsCourtruling.TheexpertssaygovernmentlawyerswereabletoprovethatMicrosoftisguiltyofviolatingfederallaws.Atthesametime,Microsoftcanclaimavictorybecauseitmaynothavetodivideintotwosmallercompanies.LegalexpertssaygovernmentlawyersandthelawyersforMicrosoftmustnowchooseoneofthreedifferentpossiblepaths.First,eithersidecouldappealtheFederalCourt’sdecisiontotheSupremeCourt.Or,theycouldrequestanewtrialbeforeadifferentlowercourtjudgetoconsidersomeoftheunresolvedlegalquestions.Athirdchoiceisforbothsidestoreopennegotiationstotrytosettlethecaseprivately.SucheffortsfailedduringtheClintonAdministration.BillGatesistheheadofMicrosoftCorporation.Hesaysitisnowagoodtimeforallthegroupsinvolvedtodiscussthesituationandseewhatkindofsolutioncouldbenegotiated.MostlegalexpertsbelievethattheMicrosoftCompanyandgovernmentlawyerswillcometoanagreementduringfuturenegotiations.TheysayMicrosoftmaybepunishedbybeingforcedtopaymoney.Task7【原文】NewsItem1Inspacenews.ThespaceshuttleAtlantishastakenofffromCapeCanaveral,Florida.The
32spaceshipwillsendtheDestinyscientificresearchlaboratoryintoorbit.ThelaboratoryisanimportantpartoftheInternationalSpaceStation.NASAofficialssayDestinyisthemosttechnologicallycomplexresearchcentereverputintospace.Thelaboratoryhascostover1,000,000,000dollarstobuild.Spaceshuttleastronautswillmakethreewalksinspaceduringaneleven-daymissiontoattachthelaboratorytotheInternationalSpaceStation’sControlCenter.NewsItem2ThefirstlaboratoryhasbeenconnectedtotheInternationalSpaceStation.TheAmericanspaceshuttleAtlantiswaslaunchedfromtheKennedySpaceCenter,Wednesday,February7th.ItcarriedthenewlaboratoryDestinytothespacestation,whichisorbitingEarth.Destinyisthefirstofsixspacelaboratoriesthatwillbelaunchedandaddedtothespacestation.ThefivecrewmembersofAtlantisusedthespaceshuttle’shugemechanicalarmtotakethelaboratoryoutoftheshuttle.ThearmcarefullymovedDestinytoalinkingdeviceontheInternationalSpaceStation.TwomembersoftheAtlantiscrewputonprotectiveclothing.Theylefttheshuttleandmovedoutintospacetocompleteworkonthelink.Task8TheWorldTradeCenteris110storieshigh.Fourhundredfirmshadofficesthereemployingtensofthousandsofpeople.Whentheplaneshit,it’sthoughtbetween10and20thousandpeoplewouldhavebeensittingattheirdesks.Beforethecollapseofthebuilding,manypeopledidmanagetogetaway,butfiguresaren’tyetknown.Sofar55bodieshavebeenrecovered.260policeofficersandfirefighterswhowentintothebuildingaftertheplanescrashedaremissingandfeareddead.InthePentagon,theworld’slargestofficebuilding,rescuersarestillsearchingtherubble.It’sthoughtaround80bodiestherehavebeenfoundbutestimatesofthosewhodiedcouldgouptoabout800.Task9【原文】BruceSpringsteen’snewalbumwasreleasedJuly30th.Itisnumberoneinrecordsalesinmorethantencountries.MostofitssongsareabouttheSeptember11thterroristattacks.ShepO’Nealplayssomeofthesongsonthealbum,TheRising.“You’reMissing”isprobablythesaddestsongonTheRising.Awoman’shusbandhasdied.Sheandherchildrenseethemanythingsthatbelongedtohimaroundthehouse,butheisgone.“IntotheFire”isaboutoneofthehundredsofpolice,firefightersandrescueworkerswhodiedintheterroristattacks.Thesonghonorstheloveandsenseofdutyheshowedthatday.Itisalsoaprayerforthestrengthandhopethathissacrificerepresents.SongsonTheRisingalsoexpressangerabouttheattacks.But,theangerismostlyapersonalstatement,notapoliticalone.Thesong“EmptySkies”describesthedesiretostrikebackthatapersonfeelsafterasenselessloss.Thealbum’stitlesongappealstolistenerstocometogetherandhealeachother.WeleaveyounowwithBruceSpringsteen’shopefultitlesong,“TheRising.”Task10【原文】NewsItem1Afour-yearexhibitionoftheworksoftheDutchartistVincentvanGoghhasopenedinAmsterdamwiththeunveilingofoneofhisearlydrawingswhichhasonlyrecentlycometolight;thedrawinginwatercolor,pencilandinkdepictsawomancarryingachildalongawindswept
33road.ItwassenttothemuseumbyaGermanartdealeractingforananonymouscollector.Theworkdated1883isoneofthemainattractionsintheexhibitionatAmsterdam’svanGoghMuseum.NewsItem2Sundaywillbethemostimportantdayoftheyearforhundredsofpeopleinthemovieindustry.FilmmakerswillreceiveAcademyAwardsforthebestacting,directing,writing,editing,sound,musicandotherworkonmoviesreleasedlastyear.ThewinnerswillreceiveanawardcalledanOscar.Itisshapedlikeaman.Itismadeofseveralmetalscoveredwithgold.Thestatueisonlyabout34centimeterstall.Itweighslessthanfourkilograms.Buttheawardcanbepricelesstothepersonwhoreceivesit.WinninganOscarcanmeanbecomingmuchmorefamous.Itcanmeangettingofferstoworkinthebestmovies.Italsocanmeanearningmuchmoremoney.Task11【答案】Newsmediaarethemeans,ormethods,bywhichpeoplelearnwhatishappeningintheircity,intheircountry,andintheworld.Thenewscanbeclassifiedintotwogeneralcategories.Thecategoriesareprintmediaandelectronicmedia.Printmediaareusuallydividedintomagazinesandnewspapers.Mostnewspapersprintnewsdaily.Forexample,thenewspaperTheNewYorkTimesispublishedeverydayoftheyear.Mostnewsmagazinesarepublishedweekly.Forinstance,NewsweekandTimemagazinesarepublishedonceaweek.Theelectronicmediaaregenerallydividedintoradioandtelevision.Radionewsisnewsthatyoulistento.IntheUnitedStates,manyradiostationsbroadcast5minutesofnewseveryhouronthehour.Televisionnewsisnewsthatyounotonlylistentobutalsowatch.Unit9Task1【原文】1)So,whatdoesyourfatherdoforaliving?2)Howmanypeopleareinyourfamily?3)Howoldisyoursister?4)Wheredoyourparentslivenow?5)Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?6)Whatisyourbrother’sname?7)Wheredoesyourmotherwork?8)Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?9)Doyouhaveanychildren?10)Wheredidyouandyourwifemeet?Task2【原文】MynameisMaryandI’m13.I’mtheeldestinmyfamily.It’sterrible.Ihavetohelpmymotherinthehouse,anddotheshoppingtoo.Butmyyoungerbrotherandsisterdon’tdoathing.Theyjustplayallday.Andtheycomeintomyroomandbreakmythings.Mymothersays,“Youmust
34benicetothem.They’resmallerthanyou.”Andmyfathertellsme,“You’retheeldest,soyoumustsetagoodexample.”I’mJohn,12.I’mtheyoungestinmyfamily.Ihateit.Mytwobrothersare18and16,andmysister’sayearolderthanme.ButtheyallthinkI’mstillababy.Theycangotobedlate,butIhavetogotobedearly.Theygetmorepocketmoneythanmetoo,andtheyhavebiggerbedrooms.I’vegotthesmallestroominthefamily.Andnooneeverlistenstome.MynameisAnneandI’m12.I’mthemiddleoneinmyfamily.That’stheworstplaceofall.I’mnottheeldestandI’mnottheyoungest,soI’mnotspecial.Myeldersisterdoeseverythingfirst,andshegetseverythingnew.Ihavetowearheroldclothesanduseheroldbagforschool.Theneveryonespoilsmybabybrother.Theybringhimpresentsandtalkabouthimallthetime.WhenIgrowup,I’mgoingtohavetwochildrenonly.That’sbetter.Task3【原文】AnaMariaCavazoswasbornonJune9th,1908,inReynosa,Medico.Shewastheeleventhoftwelvechildren.Herfather,JesusCavazos,wasoriginallyfromVictoria,Texas,butmovedhisfamilytoMexicoaround1855.Ana’smother,JuanaCastro,wastheoldestofsixbrothersandsisters.JuanaandJesusweremarriedin1880.Ana’sfamilycametotheUnitedStatesduringtheMexicanRevolutionin1913.Theirfamilyexperiencedmuchhardship.AnagrewupinTexasandmetherfuturehusbandin1929.AnaandAbelContrerasweremarriedin1931andweretheparentsofelevenchildren.Task4【原文】Margaret:IsfamilylifeinEnglandverydifferentfromfamilylifeinyourcountry,Maria?Maria:No,Idon’tthinkso.ButIhavenoticedafewdifferences.Margaret:Oh,suchaswhat?Maria:Well,thefamilyunitseemstobesmallerherethaninmycountry.Foryou,thefamilyissimplyMum,Dadandthechildren.Margaret:Youhaveamoreextendedfamilycircle,doyou?Maria:Yes.It’squitecommoninmycountrytohaveagrandmotherandanunmarriedauntorunclelivinginaspartofthefamily.Andwewouldn’tdreamofsendinganelderlyrelativetoanoldpeople’shome,forinstance.Margaret:Youtakecareofelderlyrelativesyourselves,Iguess.Maria:Ohyes.Wehaven’tgotallyourwelfareservicesandit’sthefamily’sdutytolookafteranelderlyparent,forexample.Margaret:Whatabouthospitality?DoyouthinkEnglishfamiliesdoalotofentertaining?Maria:Yes,butinaratherformalway.Youdon’tlikepeopleto“dropin”withoutapreviousinvitation,doyou?Inmycountryit’squiteusualtodropinonfriendsandrelatives.Margaret:HaveyoueverlivedinwithanEnglishfamily?Maria:Yes,Ihave.Iwasanaupairgirlforayear.IlearnedalotaboutEnglishfamilylifethen.I’dneverrealizedhowfondtheEnglishmanisofhishomeandfamily,hisgardenandhis
35pets.Margaret:Pets?Whatsortofpetsdidtheyhave?Maria:Oh,allsorts—dogs,catsandgoldfish.Margaret:Didyouenjoylivinginwiththefamily?Maria:Oh,yes.Theywereverykind.Everybodyhelpedwiththewashingup,includingthechildren,andwealwaysfoundtimetosipteaandwatchtelevisionintheevenings!Task5【原文】Susan:IsupposethatinEngland,too,familylifehaschangedalotinthelast50years,hasn’tit?Marilyn:Ohyes,verymuchso.Ithinkfamiliesusedtobemuchlarger.Mygrandmotherwasoneoffourteenchildren!Veryfewpeoplenowadayscaretohavesuchlargefamilies.Susan:Isupposethat’swhyinthosedaysveryfewwomentookupcareersoutsidethehome.Theyweretoobusybringinguptheirfamilies.Marilyn:Yes,butmostwell-to-dofamilieshadservantstodothehouseworkandevennanniestolookafterthechildren.Susan:Wouldyouliketohavelivedthen,Marilyn?Marilyn:Notparticularly!Womenweren’tasfreeastheyaretoday.Theyoftenhadtomarrymentheydidn’tlikeandtheywerefinanciallydependentontheirparentsortheirhusbands.Ithinkwe’remuchbetterofftoday,don’tyou?Susan:Well,Isupposewehavemorefreedomofchoiceandwe’remoreindependent,but,youknow,somearrangedmarriageswereverysuccessful.Andtherewassomethingrathercharmingaboutcourtshipinthosedays.Marilyn:Really?Suchaswhat?Susan:Well,thecustomofaskingagirl’sfatherforpermissiontomarryher,forexample.Marilyn:Andsupposinghedidn’tgivehispermission?No,thankyou.Ithinkfamilylifeismuchpleasantertodaybecauseit’sfreerandmoreinformal.Atleasttodaywe’refreetomarrywhoeverwelikeandtotakeupajob,ifwewish.Susan:That’strue.ButIstillthinkthatfamilylifeintheolddaysmusthavebeenverypleasantandsecure.Task6【原文】Bella:Doyouthinkyoungpeoplearegiventoomuchfreedomnowadaysandthatasaresultthey’velostrespectfortheirparentsandtheireldersgenerally,Joyce?Joyce:Idon’tthinkso.Myparentsneverinterferedwithmyplanstoomuch.TheyadvisedmebutneverforcedmetodoanythingIdidn’twanttodo.IwasallowedtotakeupthecareerIwanted.IthinkIrespectandlovethemmoreforthis.Bella:Areyouquiteindependentofthemnow?Joyce:Yes.AssoonasIleftschoolandstartedmystudiesasanurse,Ibecameindependentfinancially.Ihaveagovernmentgrantwhichisenoughformykeep.ButIstillstaywiththemalot,asyouknow.Bella:Youseemveryclosetoyourparents.Joyce:Iam.Iknowthatmanyyoungpeopletodaysaytheyhavenothingincommonwiththeirparents,butI’mratherluckybecauseIgetonwellwithmine.Whataboutyou,Bella?
36Bella:Well,wevaluefamilylifeverymuchinmycountry.I’mveryfondofmyfamily,butIdon’talwaysgetonverywellwiththem.Theytrytocontrolmetoomuch.Joyce:ButtheyallowedyoutocometostudyinEnglandonyourown!Bella:Yes,butonlyafteralotofpersuasion!Yourparentstreatyouasanadult;minetreatmeachild.Joyce:AsIsaid,I’mlucky.SomeEnglishparentsarelikeyours.Theyinterferetoomuchandthey’reoutofsympathywithourgeneration.Task7【原文】RadioPresenter:Goodafternoon.Andwelcometoourmidweekphone-in.Intoday’sprogrammewe’regoingtoconcentrateonpersonalproblems.AndherewithmeinthestudioI’vegotTessaColbeck,whowritestheagonycolumninFlashmagazine.Andwehaveourfirstcallerontheline,andit’sRosemary,Ithink,er...callingfromManchester.HelloRosemary.Rosemary:Hello.RadioPresenter:Howcanwehelpyou,Rosemary?Rosemary:Well,it’smydad.Hewon’tletmestayoutafterteno’clockatnightandallmyfriendscanstayoutmuchlongerthanthat.Ialwayshavetogohomefirst.It’sreallyembarrassing.Tessa:Hello,Rosemary,love.Rosemary,howoldareyou,dear?Rosemary:I’mfifteenintwomonths’time.Tessa:Andwheredoyougoatnight—whenyougoout?Rosemary:Justtomyfriend’shouse,usually.Buteveryoneelsecanstaytheremuchlaterthanme.Ihavetoleaveataboutquartertoten.Tessa:Anddoesthisfriendofyours..,doesshelivenearyou?Rosemary:Ittakesabouttenminutestowalkfromherhousetoours.Tessa:Isee.YouliveinBrighton,wasit?Well,Brighton’s....Rosemary:No.Manchester...IliveinManchester.Tessa:Oh.I’msorry,love.I’mgettingmixedup.Yes,wellManchester’squitearoughcity,isn’tit?Imeanyourdad...Rosemary:No.Notreally.Notwherewelive.Itisn’t.Idon’tliveintheCityCentreoranythinglikethat.AndChristine’shouseisinaveryquietpart.Tessa:Christine.That’syourfriend,isit?Rosemary:Yeah.That’sright.Imean,Iknowmydadgetsworriedbutit’sperfectlysafe.RadioPresenter:Rosemary,haveyoutalkedaboutthiswithyourdad?Rosemary:No.Hejustshoutsandthenhesayshewon’tletmegooutatallifIcan’tcomehomeontime.RadioPresenter:Whydon’tyoujusttrytositdownquietlywithyourdad—sometimewhenhe’srelaxed—andjusthaveaquietchataboutit?He’llprobablyexplainwhyheworriesaboutyou.Itisn’talwayssafeforyounggirlstogooutatnight.Tessa:Yes.AndmaybeyoucanpersuadehimtocomeandpickyouupfromChristine’shouseonceortwice.Rosemary:Yes.ButIdon’tthinkhe’llagreetothat.Anyway,I’lltalktohimaboutit.Thanks.Task8【原文】George’smotherwasworriedabouthim.Oneevening,whenherhusbandcamehome,shespoke
37tohimaboutit.“Lookdear,”shesaid,“youmusttalktoGeorge.Heleftschoolthreemonthsago.Hestillhasn’tgotajob,andheisn’ttryingtofindone.Allhedoesissmoke,eatandplayrecords.”George’sfathersighed.Ithadbeenaverytiringdayattheoffice.“Allright,”hesaid,“I’lltalktohim.”“George,”saidGeorge’smother,knockingatGeorge’sdoor,“yourfatherwantstospeaktoyou.”“Oh!”“Comeintothesitting-roomdear.”“Hellooldman,”saidGeorge’sfather,whenGeorgeandhismotherjoinedhiminthesitting-room.“Yourfather’sveryworriedaboutyou,”saidGeorge’smother.“It’stimeyoufoundajob.”“Yes,”repliedGeorgewithoutenthusiasm.George’smotherlookedatherhusband.“Anyideas?”heaskedhopefully.“Notreally,”saidGeorge.“Whataboutajobinabank?”suggestedGeorge’smother,“oraninsurancecompanyperhaps?”“Idon’twantanofficejob,”saidGeorge.George’sfathernoddedsympathetically.“Well,whatdoyouwanttodo?”askedGeorge’smother.“I’dliketotravel,”saidGeorge.“Doyouwantajobwithatravelfirmthen?”“Thetroubleis,”saidGeorge,“Idon’treallywantajobatthemoment.I’djustliketotravelandseeabitoftheworld.”George’smotherraisedhereyestotheceiling.“Igiveup,”shesaid.Task9【原文】Beingaworkingwomancanbetough,butholdingajobandhavingchildreniseventougher.There’sastoryaboutamotherwiththreeactiveboyswhowereplayingcopsandrobbersinthebackyardafterdinneronesummerevening.Oneoftheboys“shot”hismotherandyelled,“Bang,you’redead.”Sheslumpedtothegroundandwhenshedidn’tgetuprightaway,aneighbourranovertoseeifshehadbeenhurtinthefall.Whentheneighbourbentover,theoverworkedmotheropenedoneeyeandsaid,“Shhh.Don’tgivemeaway.It’stheonlychanceIgettorest.”Task10【原文】“Henry!”“Yes,dear?”“I’mgoinguptobednow.Don’tforgettodoyourlittlejobs.”“No,dear.”Henryturnedoffthetelevisionandwentintothekitchen.Hefedthecat,washedupseveraldishes,driedthemandputthemaway.Thenheputthecatout,lockedallthedoorsandturnedoutallthelights.Whenhegottothebedroom,hiswifewassittingupinbedreadingabookandeatingchocolates.“Welldear,haveyoudoneallyourlittlejobs?”
38“Ithinkso,mylove.”“Haveyoufedthecat?”“Yes,dear.”“Haveyouputhimout?”“Yes,dear.”“haveyouwashedupthedishes?”“Yes,dear.”“Haveyouputthemaway?”“Yes,dear.”“Haveyoutidiesthekitchen?”“Yes,dear.”“Haveyouturnedoutallthelights?”“Yes,dear.”“Haveyoulockedthefrontdoor?”“Yes,dear.”“Thenyoucancometobed.”“Thankyou,dear.”Afteralittlewhiletheyheardagatebangingdownstairs.“Henry.”“Yes,dear.”“I’mafraidyou’veforgottentoshutthegardengate.”“Ohdear!”Task11【原文】Interviewer:Mr.Dolby,doyoumindifwespeakalittleaboutyouandKatherine?David:Goahead.Interviewer:Shedidn’tsayverymuchaboutyoutous,yousee.David:Well,weweren’ttogetherverylong.Onlyabouttwoyears.Didn’tshetellyou?Interviewer:No,notexactly.Itmusthavebeenverydifficultleavingyourfamily.David:Yesandno.Imissthelittleboy.AndImissedKatherineaswellatfirst.Well,therewasanotherbabyontheway.Thatwasdifficult,ofcourse,forhertoo.Butitwasherchoice.Notmine.Interviewer:Youmeanshewantedyoutogo?David:Yes.Interviewer:Whatwaswrong?David:Wearguedalot.IhadajobandwhenIgothomeintheeveningsnothingwasdone.Nothing.Ihadtocookallthemeals.Dothecleaning.Itwasanimpossiblesituation.Task12【原文】Afterahardday’swork,peopleusedtogohometothenuclearfamily—husband,wifeandchildren.ButfamiliesarechangingshapeinChina.Thesedays,ahouseholdmayconsistofoneperson,severalgenerationsunderthesameroof,oradouble-income-no-kids(DINK)family.
39AnationalsurveybyHorizonResearchGroupreleasedovertheweekendshowsthatfamiliesinChina’scitiesarebecomingmoreandmorediverse.ThemostcommonfamilytypeinChinesecitieswasoncethenuclearfamily.Butwhileitaccountedfor48percentoffamiliesinurbanareasin1997,thatfigurehasdecreasedto37percenttoday,thesurveyshows.Coveringmorethan1,000householdsinBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouandWuhan,thesurveyfoundthatthenumberofDINKs,one-personandlinearorgenerationalfamiliesisontherisefromsixyearsago.Theresearchgroupcarriedoutasimilarsurveyoffamilytypesin1997,coveringmorethan5,100householdsin10majorcitiesacrossChina.Thistimeround,morethan7.2percentofrespondentsclassifiedthemselvesasDINKs,1percentagepointhigherthansixyearsago.One-personhouseholdsaccountfor6.8percentofrespondents,3.9percentagepointshigherthantheprevioussurvey.Linearfamilies—amarriedcouplelivingwiththeirparentsorthreegenerationslivingtogether—increasedinnumberby6.4percentagepoints,reaching49percent.Accordingtosocialscienceexperts,itseemscertainmoredistinctlifestyleswillemerge,forexample,cohabitationandcelibacyarebothontherise.Inanyevent,today’spluralisticsociety,withitsdiversevalues,shouldbewelcomed,saidLiYinhe,asociologistonfamilyandmarriage.“Everyone’schoice,whethertraditionalorunconventional,shouldberespected,”Lisaid.SincetheDINKlifestyleemergedinthe1980s,ithassprungupinallofChina’sbigcities.Beijingnowhas10,000DINKfamilies.WhencombinedwiththoseinShanghaiandGuangzhou,thefiguresrisetoabout60,000,accordingtoYouthLeagueCommitteeofBeijingstatistics.ChildbearingwasinancientChinaafamily’stoppriority,butnowitisregardedasapersonalchoicebymanyyoungcouples.ZhengJian,a38-year-oldbusinessman,andhiswifeXiaoYan,agraphicdesigner,thinktheirtwo-personfamilyisoneofthehappiestintheworld.Theyhavebeenmarriedformorethan10yearsandhavenochildren.“Wealwayshavesomanyplanstogether,todothingstogether,”saidZheng.“Anditseemslikewearetwokidswholikeplayingtogether.”Theyinsist:“Wearesatisfiedwithourpresentlives,sowhybotherwithchildren?”Task13【答案】Inthepast,whenmoreAmericanslivedonfarms,thetypicalfamilyhadmanychildren.Inafarmfamily,parentsandtheirchildrenoftenlivedwithgrandparents.Often,too,unclesandauntslivednearby.ButwhenindustrybecamemoreimportantthanagricultureinAmericanlife,familiesbecamesmaller.Industryrequiresworkerswhoarereadyandabletomoveoffthelandandtomoveagainwhenevernecessary.Largefamiliescannotbemovedfromplacetoplaceassmallerfamiliescan.Today,becauseofindustrialization,atypicalfamilywillberequiredtomoveevenmoreoften,sofamilieswillbeevensmaller.Thetypicalfamilymayremainchildlessandconsistonlyofamanandawoman.Asmallernumberoffamiliesmayraisechildren.Thesefamiliesmayraisechildren
40astheirchiefoccupation,leavingthechildlessfamiliesfreetomovefromjob.Furthermore,thesechild-raisingfamiliesmayraiseotherpeople’schildreninadditiontotheirown.Unit10Task1【原文】Heartdiseasekillsmorethanamillionpeopleintheworldeveryyear.InBritainalone170,000diefromthediseaseannually.Therearethreemainreasonsforthis:smoking,abaddiet,andnottakingenoughexercise.Manypeopletraveltoworkbycar,busortrainandthensitdownatworkallday!Thefoodtheyeatisunhealthyandtheyeattoomuch.InatypicalBritishdishofsausages,chipsandbeansthereistoomuchsaltandtoomuchsugar—animportantingredientintinnedfood—andtherearenotenoughvegetables.Andthereisnotenoughfiberinmostmeals.Therearetoomanydeathsfromheartdisease.Wecanreducethatnumber,butwehavetochangeourhabits.Task2【原文】PearandGingerUpside-downPuddingIngredients60mlgoldensyrup400gcannedpears(drainandretainjuice)25gglacecherries100gmargarine100gsugar2eggs150gflourl0mlpowderedgingeralittlemilkMethodCookingtime:45-55minutesOven:180℃Thisisapopularfavouritewiththefamily.Greasea20cmroundcaketin.Heatthesyrupandpourintothetinandcoverthebase.Arrangethepearsandglacecherriesinthesyrup.Creamthemargarineandsugartogetheruntillightandfluffy.Beatintheeggsandfinallystirintheflourandginger.Ifthemixtureisstiffaddalittlemilk.Pourthemixtureoverthefruitandcookuntilgoldenbrownandfirmtothetouch.Turnthepuddingoutontoaservingdish.Task3【原文】TheyoungermembersofmostAmericanfamiliesdon’tlikeforeignfood.Theylikehamburgers.Theirideaofagoodmealisahamburger,servedwithketchupandFrenchfriedpotatoes,whicharecalledFrenchfries.Frenchfriesarenotconsideredforeign;mostAmericanchildrenandteenagerslovetoeatthemanytimeofthedayornight.MillionsofhamburgersandFrenchfriesareeateneveryyear.Thousandsofroadsiderestaurantsprepareandsellthem.Thesearenotreallyrestaurantsintheusualsense;theyoftenhavelittlespacefortablesandchairs.Manypeoplebuytheirhamburgersandtakethemhometoeat,oreatthemintheircars.Sometimesitisnotnecessarytogoinsideinordertobuythehamburgers.Theyareordered
41throughawindowintherestaurantandthenarehandedoutthroughthewindowtothewaitingcustomer.Sometimesthecustomerdoesnotevenhavetogetoutofhiscar.WhenanAmericanfamilytravelsabroad,thisisalmostalwaysthecustomthattheyoungermembersofthefamilymissmost.Task4【原文】Mrs.Wong:HaveyoutriedcookingChinesefriedrice?Mrs.Adams:Yes,ImadeitlastSaturday,justthewayyoutoldmetomakeit.Mrs.Wong:Howdidittaste?Mrs.Adams:Notasgoodasyours,butwealllikedit.Allexceptmyteenagers.Theydon’tlikeanythingbuthamburgers.Mrs.Wong:Oh,hamburgers!Mychildrenkeepaskingforhamburgers.Igetsotiredofhearingabouthamburgers!Mrs.Adams:Iknowwhatyoumean.Igettiredofmakingthem.Mrs.Wong:Howdoyoumakethem?Isuppose1shouldlearnhow.Mrs.Adams:They’reverysimple,comparedtoyourfood.Mrs.Wong:Whatkindofmeatdoyoubuy?Mrs.Adams:Somekindofgroundbeef.Iusuallyaskforeithergroundsirloinorgroundroundsteak.It’smoreexpensivethangroundchuck,butithaslessfat.Mrs.Wong:Howmuchdoyoubuy?Mrs.Adams:Apoundmakesfourbighamburgers.Mrs.Wong:Whatdoyoumixwiththegroundbeef?Mrs.Adams:Ijustaddalittlesalt,somepepper,andsometimesalittlechoppedonion.Somepeopledon’tlikeitwithonions,but1do.Mrs.Wong:Soyoumixthesaltandpepperandonionswiththegroundbeef.Mrs.Adams:Yes,anddividethemixtureintoballs.Thenmaketheballsintopatties.Mrs.Wong:Whatisapatty?Mrs.Adams:Youjustpressdownonaballandmakeitflat.Pattiesareflattenedballs.Ifyouwanttogetmorethanfourpattiesoutofapoundofmeat,justmakethepattiesthinner.Butdon’thandlethemeattoomuch.Mrs.Wong:Whynot?Mrs.Adams:Becauseitwillmakethehamburgerstough.They’llbehardandtough.Mrs.Wong:ThenIsupposeyoucookthemontopofthestove.Mrs.Adams:Yes,inahotfryingpan.Putsomebutterinthepanandletitmelt.Thenputthehamburgerpattiesin.Mrs.Wong:Howlongdoyoucookthem?Mrs.Adams:Thatdependsonhowyoulikethem.Somepeoplelikethemrare—redinside.Mrs.Wong:Idon’tlikethemrare!Mrs.Adams:Ifyoulikethemmediumorwell-done,cookthemlonger.Mrs.Wong:Thenyouputthembetweenpiecesofbread.Mrs.Adams:Mostpeopleusespecialrolls.Youputthehamburgerinsidethebigroll,andserveitwithketchupandpickles.Iletmyfamilyspreadketchupontheirownhamburgers,iftheywantit.Mrs.Wong:Isthatallyouneedtodo?
42Mrs.Adams:That’sall.Task5【原文】Doyouwantagoodmeal?Doyouwantaquickmeal’?Thengotoafastfoodrestaurant.Therearenowthousandsoffastfoodrestaurantsinthecitiesoftheworld.OnefamousnameisHarry’sHamburgers.Harry’sHamburgerscomefromAmericaandtheyare22yearsold.Thereare4,700Harry’sHamburgersin25differentcountries.InEnglandtherestaurantsopenatteno’clockinthemorningandcloseateleveno’clockatnight.Theyareopeneverydayoftheweekandeveryweekoftheyear.Buttheycloseon25thDecember,ChristmasDay.Alltherestaurantsservethesamefood.InLondonorNewYork,ParisorMadrid,peopleeatthesamehamburgers,Frenchfriesandapplepie.Andtheydrinkthesamedrinks:coffee,Cola,orangedrinkorthickmilkshake.Inanordinarycafeorrestaurantyougotoatableandsitdown.Awaiterorwaitressbringsyouamenuandyouchooseyourmeal.Thenyouwaitforthefood.Sometimesyouwaitforhalfanhour.That’salongtime.Thewaiterbringsthefoodtoyourtable,andattheendofthemealhebringsyouthebill.Thenyoupayforthemealandgohome.Inafast-foodrestaurantyoudon’tsitatatableandlookatamenu.Youlookattheprice-listinthewindoworonthewall,andchooseyourmeal.Thenyougotothecounterandgiveyourorder.Youdon’twaitforyourfood.Thestaffbehindthecounterhavespecialmachinesandspecialroutines.Theypreparethefoodveryquickly,andputitinboxes,cupsorbags.Quarterpounderhamburgerscomeinwhiteboxes,cheeseburgersincreamboxes,half-poundersinayellowboxandfishburgersingreenboxes.TheyputFrenchfriesandapplepiesinpaperbagsandserveallthedrinksinthickpapercups.AtHarry’sHamburgersyoupayforyourmealbeforeyoueatit.Thepersonatthecountertakesyourmoneyandgivesyouyourorder.Peopleofteneatintherestaurants.Theygettheirfoodonatrayandtakeittoatable.Fastfoodisfingerfood—youeatitfromthebagorboxwithyoufingers.Afterthemealyouputyourbags,papercupsandboxesinabiglitterbin.Manypeopledon’teatintherestaurantsbuttaketheirmealaway.Theygettheirorderinastrongpaperbagandtakeittotheiroffice,toaparkortotheirhomes.Butthefoodalwaystastesthesame.Millionsofpeopleintheworldeatit—andlikeit.Harry’sHamburgerssellmillionsofhamburgersinayear.Task6【原文】Customerstaff:Goodmorning.Whatisyourorderplease?Customer:Twohamburgers,acheeseburgerandtwosmallFrench-fries,please.Customerstaff:Doyouwantdrinks?Customer:Yes,please.Acoffee,aColaandachocolatemilkshake.Customerstaff:Right.Doyouwanttoeathereortakeaway?Customer:Take-awayplease.Customerstaff:Twohamburgers,acheeseburger,twosmallFrench-fries,acoffee,acolaandachocolatemilkshake.Andit’stake-away.That’sthreepoundstwenty-onepenceplease.Customer:Hereyouare.Customerstaff:Thankyou.Here’sonepoundseventy-ninepencechange.Andhere’syourorder.Customer:Thanks.Istheremilkandsugarforthecoffee?
43Customerstaff:Yes,thereis.Weputlittlepacketsofmilkandsugarinthebag.Customer:Isee.Thankyou.Customerstaff:Thankyou.Enjoyyourmeal.Task7【原文】PeterandSallyarehavingSundaydinnertogetheratawell-knownrestaurantinBayswater.Waiter:Goodevening,sir;goodevening,madam.There’satablefortwooverbythewindow.Thisway,please.Peter:Thankyou.Couldweseethemenu,please?Waiter:Certainly.Hereyouare,sir.Peter:Thankyou.Well,now,Sally,whatdoyoufancy?Sally:IthinkI’llhavesometomatosoupfirst.Peter:AndI’llhavemushroomsoup.Bringussomerollsandbutterwiththesoup,please.Waiter:Yes,sir.Peter:Whatkindofmeatdoyouprefer,Sally?Iseetheyhaveroastbeef,porkchops,muttonandsteak.Sally:I’dlikeroastmuttonwithmint,please,andboiledpotatoes.SomeBrusselssprouts,too,please.Peter:I’llhaveroastbeefandYorkshirepuddingwithgravy,please,andsomeboiledcabbage.Sally:Afterwards,I’dlikesomeappletartandvanillaice-cream.Peter:Thesameforme,please.(toSally)Whatshallwehavetodrink,Sally?Someredwine?Sally:Frenchburgundyismyfavourite,youknow.Peter:Allright.(totheWaiter)AbottleofFrenchburgundy,please.Waiter:Straightaway,sir.Sally:It’snicetohaveamealoutforachange,isn’tit?Peter:Yes,andthisisoneofmyfavouriteplaces.Boththefoodandtheserviceareexcellenthere.Task8【原文】NickandDavidarewalkingthroughOxfordStreetlookingforaplacetoeat.Nick:YouLondonerscertainlyhaveaverycosmopolitantastethesedays!ItseemsalmostimpossibletofindanEnglishrestauranthereanywhere.NearlyeveryrestaurantIseeseemstobeItalian,Greek,ChineseorIndian!David:You’reright.TheseforeignrestaurantshavesprunguplikemushroomsalloverLondonandhavebecomeimmenselypopularwitheveryone.Therecanbenodoubtthatoureatinghabitshavechangedgreatlyinthepasteightortenyears.Italianspaghetti,Greekkebabsandsalads,ChinesechickenchowmienandIndiancurriesareallanormalpartofaLondoner’sdietnowadays.Infact,wehardlyeverthinkofsuchthingsasbeingforeignanymore.Nick:ThisistrueintheNorthofEnglandandtheMidlands,aswell,atanyrateinthelargertownsandcities.ButhereinLondon,everynationalityunderthesunseemstoberepresentedinarestaurantsomewhereoranother.David:Yes.ThebigAmericanhamburgerandsteakhousesareverypopularnowadays.SeveralJapaneseandsomeKoreanandIndonesianrestaurantshavecomeontothescenerecently,too.Nick:ThatmakesLondonallthemorefascinating,doesn’tit?David:That’sright.Butmostoftheserestaurantsareratherexpensive.
44Nick:IhearthattheIndianandPakistanirestaurantsarethecheapestones.David:Yes,andthefoodisusuallyexcellent.ButthereareplentyofgoodChineserestaurants,too,wherethepricesareverymoderateandthemealssuperb.ThebestonesaredowninGerrardStreet,behindPiccadillyCircusinwhatwecall“Chinatown”.Nick:Whydon’twegotooneofthemnow?IsGerrardStreetfarfromhere?David:No.We’lljustturnrighthereandgodownWardourStreetthroughSoho.It’llonlytakeusabouttenminutestogettoGerrardStreet.Nick:Wonderful!I’mdeadkeenonChinesefood,youknow.David:AlmostalltherestaurantsthereserveCantonesedishes,butthere’sonethatspecializesinPekingcuisine.Nick:Oh,hereweare;IcantellbyallthosesignsinChinesethatthisisthestreetwe’relookingfor.David:Yes.ThereareabouttwelveverygoodChineserestaurantshere.We’llhavealookatbothsidesofthestreetfirstandthendecideonone.Nick:IseethattherearesomeChinesesupermarketshere,too.David:Oh,yes.AndthereontherightistheHongKongCulturalCentreandjustbesideit,aChinesecinema.Justaroundthecornerhere,inNewportPlace,there’stheGuanghuaBookshop,whereallsortsofnewspapers,books,magazines,recordsandartfromthePeople’sRepublicofChinaaresold.Iknowthemanagertherewell.Wecangoinandhavealookafterwe’vehadlunch.Nick:Good.Whichrestaurantdoyourecommend?David:“TheFarEast”ismyfavourite.TheyservebothCantoneseandPekinesedishes.Let’sgoin.Nick:WhatacolourfulChineseatmosphereherewithallthoseredlanternsoverheadandthosebeautifulpicturesonthewall!Waiter:Goodafternoon,gentlemen.Nick:Thisisfabulous,David;therearemorethan100Chinesedisheslistedhere!You’dbetterdothechoosing.I’mnotacquaintedwithverymanyofthem.David:Allright.(tothewaiter)Twobowlsofshark’sfinsoup,twolargebowlsofboiledriceandtwospringrolls.Asforthemixeddishes,we’llhavesweetandsourporkwithpineapple,friedchickenwithgarlicsauceandpeanutsandabowlofslicedbeefwithgreenpeppers.Waiter:Whatkindofteawouldyoulike,gentlemen,EnglishorChinese?David:Chinesejasminetea,please.(toNick)Canyoueatwithchopsticks,Nick?Nick:Yes,butnotverywell.David:Nevermind,I’llteachyouhowtousethemproperly.It’saseasyasABC.Task9【原文】HarvestFestivaltakesplaceintheautumn.ItisaveryancientfestivalwhichstartedbeforeChristianity.Attheendofthesummerpeoplealwaysthankedtheirgodsfortheharvest.Agoodharvestgaveeveryonefoodforthewinter.Abadharvestbroughtdisaster.Inthemodernworldrichcountriescanbuyfoodfromabroad,sothereisalwaysfoodintheshops.Peopledonotworryabouttheharvest,buttheystillcelebrateHarvestFestival.Theydecoratethechurcheswithflowers,fruitandvegetablesandhaveaspecialservice.ManyschoolscelebrateHarvestFestivaltoo.Teachersandstudentsbringfoodandflowerstodecoratetheschoolhall.AftertheHarvest
45FestivaltheytaketheirharvestgiftstoOldPeople’sHomesortohospitals.Intheolddaysfarmerskeptsomeofthelastcornanddecorateditwithflowers.Theyalsomadelittledollsoutofcorn,calledcorndollies.Eachfarmkeptacorndollyuntilthenextyear,tobringthemagoodharvest.TodaypeoplecopytheseancientideasfortheirHarvestFestivaldecorations.Pastandpresentcometogetherinthisfavoritefestival.Task10【原文】Everyoneknowsmustard,withitsstrongyellowcolourandhottaste.Youseeitwithsaltandpepperoneverygooddinnertable.Butwheredoesitcomefrom?Howdoesitgetontoourtables?TheRomansprobablybroughtmustardtoBritain,andfarmersineasternEnglandhavegrowniteversince.Untilthe18thcentury,peoplegroundtheseedbyhand,buttherehavebeenspecialmustardmillssince1742.ThelargestfirminBritainstartedin1814andnowexportsmustardallovertheworld.Therearetwomainkindsofmustard,onewithbrownseedsandtheotherwithwhite.Theybothproducearichyellow“flour”andcontainmustardoil.Theoilfromthebrownseedshasastrongtaste,andtheoilfromthewhiteseedsishot,likepepper.Goodmodernmustardismadefrombothkindsofseed.Themustardplantgrowstoaheightofabout1.5to2metres,andeachseedcanmultiplyitself2,000timesinoneseason.JimmyHazelhasa400-acrefarmeightkilometressouthofNorwich.Hedoesnotkeepanyanimals,butgrowsseveraldifferentcrops:wheat,sugarbeet,barleyandmustard.Heuses10percentofhislandformustard.“Themustardseedarrivesfromthefactoryattheendofwinter—onekilogramforeachacreofland.IplantitinMarchanditusuallyflowersinJune.Themustardfieldsalwayslookverypretty,butIhavetowatchoutforweedsandinsects.Whentheplantsbegintodie,Ichecktheseeds.They’rereadywhenyoucanshaketheminthepod.InAugustorSeptemberweharvestourcrop.Withacombineharvesterittakesaboutadaytocoverthemustardfields.ThenIsendtheseedtothemill,wheretheycheckit.Ifthereareanyweedsorwheatinthecrop,theywon’ttakeit.AndIdon’tgetanymoneyforit!InagoodyearIproduceabout40tonsofmustardseed.”Task11【原文】Weallneedfood.Wecannotlivewithoutit.Whatkindsoffooddoweneed?Wheredoesourfoodcomefrom?Therearetwobasickindsoffood.Onecomesfromanimalsandtheotherfromplants.Meatcomesfromanimals:wegetporkfrompigs,beeffromcowsandmuttonfromsheep.Lambisthenameforthemeatfromyoungsheep,orlambs.Fishfromtheseaismeattoo,andwealsoeatbirdslikechicken,duckandturkey.Wegetotherproductsfrombirdsandanimalstoo.Eggscomefromchickensandducks,andfromcows’milkpeoplemakebutterandcheese.Fromplantswegetfruit,vegetablesandcereals.Alotofourfruitgrowsontrees:apples,orangesandbananas.Manysmallplantshavefruittoo,likethecoffeeplant.Socoffeeisreallyafruitdrink!Whatabouttea?Teacomesfromaplant,butitisnotafruit.Wemaketeafromtheleavesofasmallplant,soteaisavegetable.Andwhatabouttomatoes?“Tomatoesarevegetables,”peoplesay.“No,they’renot,”saythescientists.“Tomatoesarereallyfruit.”Somekindsofvegetablesgrowundertheground.Thepotatoisoneexample.Differentkindsofgrassalsogiveusfood,calledcereals.Riceandwheatareimportantcereals.Millionsofpeopleintheworldeat
46riceormakebreadfromwheat.Wheredoesourdailyfoodcomefrom?Somepeoplegrowtheirownfood,butusuallyfarmersproduceourfoodforus.Differentkindsoffoodcomefromdifferentcountries.Why?Becausedifferentplantsandanimalsneeddifferentclimates.Sheep,forexample,havethickwoollycoats,sotheycanliveinacoolclimate.YoufindsheepincountrieslikeScotlandandNewZealand.Cowscanliveinanypartoftheworld,buttheyproducemoremilkincoolclimates.Appleslikeacoolclimate.TheyarethenumberoneBritishfruit.Butorangesneedawarm,dryclimate.SoorangesgrowwellinthecountriesroundtheMediterranean.Bananaslikealotofsunandrain,sotheyonlygrowwellinthetropicalclimatesofcountriesinAfricaandSouthAmerica.Manydifferentshopssellfood.Bakerssellbreadandbutcherssellmeat.Youfindeggs,milk,butterandcheese,rice,coffeeandteainagrocer’sshop.Youcanbuyfish,fruitandvegetablesfromshopsorinastreetmarket.And,ofcourse,thereisoneshopforeverything—asupermarket.Remember,youmustbuygoodfoodforahealthylife.Doyoueattherightfood?Task12【原文】Announcer:WesentTomBrownonaspecialmission.Hisdestination—atownsomewhereinWiltshireandhistask—toinvestigatethemysteriesofthesausage.TomBrown:NewYorkhastheEmpireStateBuilding;RomehastheColosseum;ParishastheEiffelTowerandthePompidouCentre.ButTrowbridge,TrowbridgehasBowyers.YesI’vecomeheretoTrowbridgeearlyonagrayJanuarymorning,toinvestigateatopicclosetomyheart—orratherclosetomystomach—somethingIcanreallygetmyteethinto.BehindmeistheBowyersfactory.I’mabouttogothroughthisgatewayofgastronomicdelights,tovisitthisMeccaofthemeatpie.What’sgoingoninside,Iwonder?Areinnocentsausagesbeingfrightenedoutoftheirskins?Aremeatpiesdoingtheircrusts?I’mgoingintotalktoMr.Cook,thesitemanager,toasksomeimportant,probingquestions.Whyaresausagescalledbangers,forinstance?Mr.Cook:No,I’msorry,Idon’tknow.No,Idon’tknow,no.TomBrown:I’venoticedthateveryoneinthefactoryseemstobewearingadifferentkindofwhitehat.Mr.Cook:Well,everyoneinafoodfactoryhastokeepcleanandtidyandcoverallthehairofthehead.Youwillbeputtingonahatsuchastheoperatorsontheshopfloorwearwhichisawhitepeakedhatwithasnooddownthebacktocoverallthehaironyourhead.TomBrown:Yes,Iseeit’sgotaratherfetchinghairnetattheback...Task13【答案】Judythoughtthatshewouldenjoyherfirstdayonthejob,buteverythingwentwrong.Firstsheoverslept.Shewassoupsetaboutthatthatshecaughtthewrongbus.Shegottothesoftdrinkfactoryatnineinsteadofeightthirty.Hernewboss,whowasatallfatman,wasveryangry.Hetaughtherwhattodoinarush.AllshehadtodowaswatchamachinefillbottleswithCola.Thenshepushedabuttonandsentthebottlestobecapped.Atlunch,herbosssentherouttobuyhimasandwich.Sheboughtherselfsomefruit,butdroppeditandsteppedonit.Bytheendoftheafternoonshefelthungry,boredandtired.AndsheneverwantedtoseeanotherbottleofColainherlife.Thenextmorningshegottoworkontimeandquit!
47Unit11Task1【原文】Tony:Carol.I’mgoingtothedrugstore.IsthereanythingIcangetforyou?Carol:Why,yes.Weneedsometoothpaste.Iwasplanningtogetanewlipstick,too.Tony:Well,Icangetthetoothpastebutnotthelipstick!You’dbettercomealongwithme.Carol:Allright.Justletmegetmycoat.Arewewalkingortakingthecar?Tony:Let’swalk.Theweatherisfineand,besides,Ineedtheexercise.I’vebeenspendingtoomuchtimeinmyeasychair.Carol:Indeedyouhave.Let’sgo.(Atthedrugstore)Clerk:Yes,sir.MayIhelpyou?Tony:I’dlikethistubeoftoothpasteandapackageofrazorblades.Clerk:Wehaveasaleonrazorbladesthisweek.Twopackagesforthepriceofone.Tony:Good.That’sthekindIusuallybuy,too.I’lltaketwopackages.Clerk:Willtherebeanythingelse?Tony:No,I...oh,yes.I’dlikesomeshavingcream,too.Clerk:Allright.Let’ssee.Thatcomestotwodollarsandeighty-threecents.Tony:Hmm.AllIhaveisaten-dollarbill.Clerk:IthinkIcangiveyouchange.Hereyouare.That’sthreedollars,four,five,andfivemakestendollars.Thankyou,sir.Tony:Thankyou.Carol:Oh,thereyouare,Tony.Theyhaveawonderfulselectionofpaperbackbookshere.TherearefourorfivethatI’dlovetohave.Tony:Fourorfive?Carol,Ithoughtyouwerejustbuyingalipstick.Carol:Ididbuyone.ButthenIwaswaitingforyoubythenewspaperstand,andIstartedlookingatthebooks,and...Tony:Allright,dear.Itseemsthatatriptothedrugstorecanimprovethemindaswellasthesurfaceappearance!Task2【原文】Assistance:CanIhelpyou,Miss?Anna:I’mlookingforaskirt,andatoptogowithit.Assistance:You’reinthewrongdepartment,dear.Youneed“Separates”.Overthere,ontheright.Youcanseethesignsfromhere.Anna:Separates.Isee.AndcanIgetapairoftennisshortsthere?Assistance:Tennis?No,I’mafraidnot.You’llfindtheshortsyou’relookingforin“Leisurewear”.That’sonthefirstfloor.Theescalatorisoverthere.Onyourright.Anna:Thankyou.You’reverykind.Assistance:Notatall.Anna:Oh,oneotherthing.WherecanIfindsomejewellery?Notexpensive.Foradisco.Assistance:Costumejewellery.That’sin“Accessories”—withbelts,handbags,gloves,scarves,purses,andhats.That’sonthesecondfloor.Sameescalator.
48Anna:Thankyou.Task3【原文】Cathy:I’mfedupwithsittingonpackingcases,Joe.Don’tyouthinkwecouldbuyatleasttwochairs?Joe:Doyouknowhowmatchnewchairscost?Onecheapcomfortablearmchair...￡80.Cathy:Yes,Iknow.It’sterrible.ButIhaveanidea.Whydon’twelookforchairsatastreetmarket?I’vealwayswantedtoseeone.Joe:Allright.Whichoneshallwegoto?Cathy:PortobelloRoad,Ithink.Therearealotofsecond-handthingsthere.Butwe’llhavetogotomorrow.It’sonlyopenonSaturdays.Joe:Whattimedoyouwanttogo?NottooearlyIhope.Cathy:Theguidebooksaysthemarketisopenfrom9to6.It’saverypopularmarketsowe’dbetterbetherewhenitopens.Joe:Right.I’llsetthealarm.Cathy:Oh,Joe.Lookatthecrowd.Joe:Theymusthavethesameguidebookthatwehave.Cathy:Butit’sveryexciting.Lookatthatoldtableclothandthosebeautifulcurtains.Joe:Aren’twelookingforchairs?Cathy:Yes,butweneedcurtains.Comeon.Cathy:Whew.I’msotiredthatIcan’tevenrememberwhatwe’vebought.Joe:Ican.Alotofrubbish.I’llmakesometea.Youcanhavealookatour“bargains”.Cathy:Joe,thecurtainsarebeautifulbutthey’reverydirty.Joe:Whatdidyousay?Cathy:Isaidthecurtainswereverydirty.Joe:Whydon’tyouwashthem?Cathy:Ican’t.They’retoobig.I’llhavethemdry-cleaned.Joe:Andwhatareyougoingtodoaboutthoseholes.Canyoumendthem?Cathy:Ican’t.Ican’tsew.I’llhavethemmended.Joe:Howmuchwillallthatcost?Ineverwanttoseeanotherbargain,andwestillhaven’tgotanychairs.Task4【原文】Therewasoncealarge,fatwomanwhohadasmall,thinhusband.HehadajobinabigcompanyandwasgivenhisweeklywageseveryFridayevening.AssoonashegothomeonFridays,hiswifeusedtomakehimgiveherallhismoney,andthensheusedtogivehimbackonlyenoughtobuyhislunchintheofficeeveryday.Onedaythesmallmancamehomeveryexcited.Hehurriedintotheliving-room.Hiswifewaslisteningtotheradioandeatingchocolatesthere.“You’llneverguesswhathappenedtometoday,dear,”hesaid.Hewaitedforafewsecondsandthenadded,“Iwontenthousandpoundsonthelottery!”“That’swonderful!”saidhiswifedelightedly.Butthenshethoughtforafewsecondsand
49addedangrily,“Butwaitamoment!Howcouldyouaffordtobuytheticket?”Task5【原文】Jennifergotoffthebusfromtheuniversityandbeganwalkingtowardstheflatshesharedwithtwootherstudents.Onherwayshehadtobuysomefoodandstoppedinoneoftheshopsinthestreet.ItwasrunbyanAsianfamily,andalthoughthepricestherewerealittlehigherthaninthebigsupermarketfurtherdownthestreet,shedidalotofhershoppingthere.Thevegetableswerefresherandtheyhadvariousthingsshecouldn’tgetelsewhere.Mr.Patel,theowneroftheshop,wascheckingthroughalist,butsmiled,ashealwaysdid,whenhesawhercomein.“How’sMrs.Pateltoday?”sheasked?“Oh,better.Butonlyalittlebetter,I’mafraid,”Mr.Patelsighed.“Well,Ihopeshegetsoutofhospitalsoon.”Shepickedupawirebasketandwalkedtowardsthebackoftheshop,wherethericewaskept.Theshopwasdividedbythreelongaisles,withrowsofshelvescrammedwithallsortsofthings.ExceptforherandMr.Patel,therewereonlytwootherpeoplethere.Theyweretwoteenageboys,andtheywerestandingattheendofoneoftheaisles.Sheglancedatthemasshepassed.Theywerebothwearinglong,old-fashionedovercoatsandtheylookedratherridiculousinthembecausethecoatsweretoobig.Butsuchthingswerepopularwithsometeenagersatthetime.“Watchout,stupid,”sheheardoneofthemwhispertotheother.Shewalkedontothenextaisleandfoundthericeshewaslookingfor.Thensheheardsomethingelse.Itsoundedlikeatindroppingonthefloor.Shepeeredthroughagapintheshelfandcaughtaglimpseofoneoftheboysbendingdown.Shesawhimpickupatinoffood.Butinsteadofputtingitintheshoppingbasket,hedroppeditintotheinsidepocketofhislongovercoat.Jenniferglancedbackdowntheaisle.ShecouldseeMr.Patelatthecashtill,stillcheckingthroughhislist.Thenshelookedthroughthegapintheshelfagain.Theboysstillhadtheirbackstoher.“Comeon,let’sgetoutofhere,”sheheardoneofthemsay.Atthesametime,shesawoneofthemputanothertininhisovercoatpocket.Theymovedawayfromher.Shecouldnolongerseewhattheyweredoingorhearwhattheyweresaying.Whenshegottothetill,thetwoboyswereinfrontofher.Shewatchedthempayforthefewthingstheyhadinthebasket.Theyhadbothbuttonedtheircoatsandfastenedthemwiththeirbelts.Mr.Pateldidnotseemsuspiciousatall.Heevensmiledatthemastheywereabouttoleave.Jenniferopenedhermouthtosaysomething.Task6【原文】NUMBER1:ThejacketShopper:Excuseme.Ilikethisjacket,but…ur,doyouhaveanydifferentdesigns?Clerk:No,sir,actually,stripedistheonlystylewehave.Shopper:Really?Clerk:Yes,stripesareverypopularthisyear.Shopper:Oh.Well,thankyou.MaybeI’lllookaroundabitmore.Clerk:That’sfine,sir.NUMBER2:TheCDplayer
50Clerk:MayIhelpyou?Shopper:Yeah,howmuchistheCDplayer?Clerk:Let’ssee…Oh,it’sonsalerightnow.It’sonlyeighty-fiveninety-nine.Shopper:Wow,that’scheap.Clerk:Yes,it’sverygoodbuy.Shopper:Hmm.NUMBER3:Thecordlessphone1stShopper:Gee,lookatthis.Acordlessphoneforlessthanfiftydollars.2ndShopper:That’sreallycheap.We’vetalkedaboutgettingacordlessphone.Itsurewouldbeconvenient.Whatbrandisit?1stShopper:Brand?Uh,let’ssee.It’sElecto.2ndShopper:Electo?Haveyoueverheardofit?1stShopper:Hmm.No,Ihaven’t.2ndShopper:Idon’tknow.Withelectronicstuff,ifyoudon’tknowthecompanythatmadeit.1stShopper:Yeah,Iknowwhatyoumean.NUMBER4:Thejeans1stShopper:(footsteps)So,whatdoyouthink?2ndShopper:Theylookgreatonyou,Sue.1stShopper:Yeah,thefit’sgood.ButIalwaysworrywithjeans.Thecottonmightshrink.2ndShopper:Hmm,yeah,washthemafewtimesandtheymightbetoosmall.1stShopper:Maybetheyhaveabiggersize.(totheClerk)Excuseme.Clerk:Yes?1stShopper:Doyouhavetheseinthenextlargersize?Clerk:Letmecheck,ma’am.Ah,I’msorry.Wedon’tseemtohavethatsizeatthemoment.NUMBER5:Thecomputer1stShopper:Therearesomanydifferentkindsofcomputers—Idon’tknowwhichtobuy.2ndShopper:Well,whatareyougoingtouseitfor?1stShopper:Well,I’mjustwritingwithitmainly.Youknow,I’mworkingonanovel.2ndShopper:How’sitgoing?1stShopper:Prettygood,actually.2ndShopper:Well,areyougoingtowriteathome,orwhenyoutravel,or...when?1stShopper:Well,Idotravelalot.MaybeI’llthinkaboutalaptop.2ndShopper:I’mreallyhappywithmine.It’swonderful.1stShopper:Yeah?Reallyconvenient?2ndShopper:It’seasytouse.Andsolightweight.Ilovemine.1stShopper:Hmm.(soundofsomeonekeyboarding)Thislaptopiscertainlyeasytouse.MaybeI’ll...NUMBER6:ThenotebookShopper:Excuseme.Clerk:Yes?Shopper:Aretheseallthenotebooksyouhave?Clerk:Yes.Istheresomethingspecialyou’relookingfor?Shopper:Theseallseemtohavefiftypages.Uh,doyouhaveanywithmorepages?Likeahundredormaybeahundredandfifty?
51Clerk:I’msorry.Allthenotebookswehavearerightthere.Shopper:Isee.IguessI’llkeeplooking.Thanks.Task7【原文】Johnson:Whatservicesdoyouoffer,Mr.Abbs?Abbs:Weofferacompleterangeofservicesforthemicro-user;itdependsverymuchonyourneeds.Areyoubuyingasystemforthefirsttime?Johnson:No,wealreadyhaveasystem.Butweonlyuseitforword-processing.Wewanttoexpandittodoaccounting.Abbs:Well,ifyou’reexpandingyoursystem,perhapsyouneedmoreadvice.That’smyjob.Icandiscussyourplanswithyouandsuggestalternatives.Johnson:WhatdoIdoifIneednewequipment?Abbs:YoushouldtalktoBillAndrews,ourSeniorEngineer.Hewilllookatyourpresentsystem.Thenhecansupplyandinstallanynewequipmentthatyouneed.Johnson:SupposeIneedmyownsoftware?Abbs:ThenyoucanseeAnneSpringer,ourapplicationsprogrammer.WehavedesignedourownflexiblesoftwarecalledMaster.Itcanbeadaptedtoyourneedswithsomesmallmodifications,butyoumayhavetoadaptalittlebityourself.Johnson:Well,that’squitepossible.Now,whatabouttraining?Mystaffhaven’tusedaccountingsystemsbefore...Task8【原文】Telephonist:Hello,CompucareComputerConsultants.MillieFirth:Hello,IwonderifyoucouldgivemesomeinformationabouttheNovacomputer.Telephonist:Ahyes,ofcourse.Youneedtospeaktooneofoursalesconsultants.Couldyouholdthelineamomentplease?...Hello...I’mputtingyouthroughtoMr.Losada,oursalesconsultant.MillieFirth:Hello,myname’sMillieFirth.IwonderifyoucouldgivemesomeinformationabouttheNovacomputer.AlfredoLosada:Ofcourse.AreyouinterestedintheBasicmodelortheBasicPlus?MillieFirth:I’mnotsure.Whichoneismoresuitableforsmallbusinesses?AlfredoLosada:Well,itdependsonwhatyoureallyneed.WeadvisebigandsmallbusinessesandsometimesabigfirmhastheBasicorasmallfirmhastheBasicPlus.MillieFirth:Well,wedoneedawiderangeofsoftware.Orwewillinthefuture.AlfredoLosada:Well,IthinkyoushouldconsidertheBasicPlus.MillieFirth:Doyousupplythesoftware?AlfredoLosada:No,wedon’tsupplyanysoftwarebutwecanrecommendsuppliers.MillieFirth:Whatabouttraining?AlfredoLosada:Well,there’satrainingprogrammewithbothmodels.Butwealsorunspecialcoursesfornewusers.MillieFirth:Thatsoundsimpressive.Couldwecomeintodiscussthingswithyouinmoredetail?AlfredoLosada:Yes,byallmeans.Whenwouldyouliketocomein?Weareopenbetween9:00and5:30,MondaystoFridays.MillieFirth:Whatabout2pmthisafternoon?
52AlfredoLosada:That’llbefine.I’llgiveyouafreedemonstrationandyou’llbeabletodecidewhatsuitsyoubest.Wouldyouliketogivemeyourname?MillieFirth:Yes,it’sMillie…Task9【原文】…andthecarwetestedwastheGT.It’sthemostexpensivemodelintherangeandat11,869pounds.Itis,Ithink,alittleoverpriced—youcanbuytheequivalentVolkswagenforalmost800poundsless.Butit’sabeautifulcarandI’dbeenlookingforwardtodrivingitforalongtime.Unfortunately,Ihadproblemsrightfromthestart.ThedayItestedthecarwasoneofthefewsunnydayswehadthissummer.So,naturallyenough,Idecidedtoopenthesun-roof.Butthehandlewassostiffthatitwasalmostimpossibletomoveit.Idid,eventually,getthesun-roofopenbutasitfinallybegantoslidebackitmadethemostawfulnoise.Noise,I’mafraid,isquiteafeatureofthiscar.Thecar’sinteriorseemedtobeverybadlyinsulatedagainstenginenoise,andwiththesun-rooffinallyopenthenoiseofthewindwasveryloudindeed.Ingeneral,thecarwasquitecomfortable,butIdidn’treallyhaveenoughlegroom,andIfounditdifficulttoadjustthewingmirrorstothepositionIwanted.Thetestcarwas,ofcourse,brandnew,butIdidfindquitealotofsmallscratchesandbadlyfinishedpaintworkaroundtheheadlightsandradiatorgrille.Andthesilverplasticstripwhichrunsalongeachsideofthecarwasn’tproperlyfixedtothecarbodyonthelefthandsideofthecarItested.So,quitealotofirritatingfaultsinacaryou’regoingtohavetopay....Task10【原文】Manybusinesses,suchasdepartmentstores,restaurants,hotelsandairlinecompanies,useacreditsystemforsellingtheirproductsandservices.Inacreditsystemtheselleragreestosellsomethingtothebuyerwithoutimmediatelyreceivingcash.Thebuyerreceivesthegoodsorservicesimmediatelyandpromisestopayforthemlater.This“buy-now-pay-later”creditsystemisquiteold.Peoplehavebeenbuyingthingsoncreditforcenturies.Butnowadayspeopleusecreditcards.Therearetwotypesofcreditcards.Onetypeisissueddirectlybyastoretoacustomer.Manylargedepartmentstoresissuecreditcardstotheircustomers.Thestorecreditcardcanbeusedtomakepurchasesonlyataparticularstore.Forexample,acreditcardfromSwan’sDepartmentStorecanbeusedonlyatSwan’sDepartmentStore.Theotherkindofcreditcardsisissuedbyacreditcompany.VISAandAmericanExpressareexamplesofcreditcompanies.Creditcardsfromcreditcompaniescanbeusedtobuythingsalmostanywhere.Ifyouhaveamajorcreditcard,youcanbuyairplanetickets,stayathotelsandeatatrestaurantswithit.Mostlargecreditcompaniesareconnectedtolargebanks.Soifyouwantacreditcardfromacreditcompany,yougenerallyhavetomakeanapplicationatabank.Afteranapplicantreceivesacreditcard,heorshecanmakepurchasesusingthecard.Thecreditcompanysendsthecustomerastatementofpurchasesattheendofeachmonth.Generallythecustomerhastopay25to50percentoftheircreditbilleverymonth.Thecustomerpaysdirectlytothecreditcompany.Andthecreditcompanypaysdirectlytothestore,orhotel,orrestaurant.Therearesomeadvantagesandsomedisadvantagestousingcreditcards.Thebiggestadvantagefortheconsumerisexpressedbythephrase“buynow,paylater”.Thismeansthatthe
53consumercanpurchasewhatshewantswhenshewantsit.Thereisnoneedtosaveupmoneyinadvance.Anotheradvantageofhavingacreditcardisthatitprotectstheowner,ifacreditcardislostorstolen,theowneronlyhastocallthecreditcompanyandthecreditcompanywillstopthecreditcardnumber.Nooneelsecanuseit.Sotheownerdoesn’thavetoworryaboutlosingthecard.Anotheradvantageofthecreditcardsystemisthattheconsumerreceivesarecordofherpurchases.Everymonththecreditcustomerreceivesabill.Thebillhasalistofallpurchasesfromthatmonth.Thismakesiteasiertorememberwhenandwherepurchasesaremade.Andanotheradvantageisthatcreditcardscanbeusedwhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Manykindsofprofessionalpeople—plumbers,taxidrivers,doctorsanddentists—willacceptcreditcardsinanemergency.Thisisveryimportantifyoudon’thaveanycashwithyou.Usingcreditcardshasonemajoradvantage.Themaindisadvantageisthatconsumerstendtooverspend:theyspendmorethantheymake.Ifaconsumerbuysalotofthingsoncredit,shehastomakelargepaymentseachmonth.Sometimes,itbecomesimpossibletokeepupwiththepayments.Theconsumer’slifebecomesmoreandmoredifficult.Iftheconsumercan’tmakeherpayments,hercreditcardswillbetakenaway.Itwillbeverydifficultforhertogetanothercreditcardinthefuture.Sowecanseethatacreditbuyingsystemhassomeadvantagesandsomedisadvantages.Ontheonehand,itgivespeoplesomebuyingfreedom;ontheotherhand,ittendstoencourageover-spending.Task11【原文】AdvertisersPerformaUsefulServicetotheCommunityAdvertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.“It’siniquitous,”theysay,“thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays.” Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.
54Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads”,whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe“hatch,matchanddispatch”columns;butbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!Task12【答案】WhatIsMoney?Intheolddays,mostpeopledidnotneedmoney.Theycouldusuallygrowenoughfood.Theycouldbuildahouse,andtheycouldevenmaketheirownclothes.Theyneededafewotherthings,buttheycouldgetthemfromotherpeople.Iftheywantedaknife,forexample,theycouldexchangesomefood,orotherusefulthings,forone.Peoplehaveusedmanythingsas“money”indifferentpartsoftheworld.Alotofthemaremadeofmetal,becausemetalisuseful.Goldisabeautifulmetal,andithasbecomeveryvaluable.Alittlegoldcanbuyalotofthings,sopeopleallovertheworldhaveoftenmadecoinsoutofgold.Veryfewcoinsaremadeofgoldthesedays,however.Mostmoneyisjustpiecesofpaper,butthesepiecesofpaperarevaluablebecausepeoplewillexchangeallkindsofthingsforthem.Unit12Task1【原文】InthesmallSwisstownofBrigayoungwomanleavesahouseatfiveo’clockeverymorning.Foronehoursherunsthroughthetownandalongtheroadbythewoods.Theyoungwomanissixteen-year-oldKarinMeier,oneofthebestchessplayersintheworld.Karinisstillatschool,andhastostudy,likeotherpeople.Butathomeherlifeisverydifferent.Shegetsupearlyandshenevergoestobedlate.Infact,she’susuallyinbedbeforenineo’clock.Shegetsupatfiveo’clock,goesforarun,thenplayschessagainsthercomputerfromsixuntilseveno’clock.Atsevenshedoesyogaforhalfanhour,thenshehasbreakfastandgoestoschoolat7:45.Shesometimessleepsintheafternoon.Karintoldus,“Incities,likemanyotherthings,it’sverydifficultforawoman.NoonethoughtIcoulddowell;myfatherwantedmetobeasecretary!”InsomewaysKarinhasalonelylife.Shehasfewfriends,andshe’salwaysthinkingaboutchess.Shetoldus,“InmydreamsIplaychess.SometimesIwakeupandthenIhavetogetupandplay!”Task2【原文】Britishpeoplehaveareputationofbeingshyandreservedwithstrangers.Actuallythisisnotalwaystrue.Ofcourse,someareshyandreservedwithstrangers,andsomeareshyandreserved
55witheverybody.Butothersareveryextrovertandtalktoanybody.Thisjustprovesthatyoushouldn’tmakegeneralizationsaboutpeople!Butmakinggeneralizationsaboutpeopleisgreatfun.EverybodyknowsthatallEnglishmenwearbowlerhats,pinstripesuitsandcarryumbrellas;Scotsmenaremean,hatespendingmoneyanddrinkwhiskyalldaylong;Welshmendonothingbutplayrugbyandsing.AndtheIrish?Well,theyonlyexistsothatotherBritishpeoplecantelljokesaboutthem!Onegeneralizationisprobablytrue.TheBritishdon’tlikeansweringquestionsaboutthedetailsoftheirlives.Youmustneveraskthemhowmushmoneytheyearn,orhowoldtheyare.Onlyofficialscanaskquestionslikethat;thatisperhapswhytheBritishdon’treallylikeofficials.That’sanothergeneralization.Task3【原文】Richmengaveawayalltheirvaluablethings—buttheywerestillrich!Isthispossible?Untilafewyearsago,theIndiansinthenorthwestofAmericahadaninterestingcustoms.Whenamanwantedtoshowthathewasrichandimportant,heaskedallofhisfriendstoagreatfeast.Healsoinvitedpeoplefromothervillages.Thereweregamesandcompetitions,andeveryoneateanddrankalot.Thentherichmanstoodupandgaveawaythingstoallofthepeopleathisfeast.Hegavethemfood,blankets,clothes,toolsandallkindsofbeautifulandvaluablethings.Sometimeshethrewthingsintothesea,orhemadeabigfireandburnedthingsinfrontofeveryone.Inthiswayamanshowedthathewasrich,andthathedidnotcarteaboutvaluablethings.Perhapshehadveryfewthingsafterthefeast.Perhapstherewasverylittlefoodinhishouse.Buthewasstillrichintheeyesofhispeople.Hewasa“bigman”now.Everyonelookeduptohim,becausehedidnotthinkthatvaluablethingswereimportant.Task4【原文】JayneWilliamsis16andhasjustleftschool.Manyschool-leaverscan’tfindjobs,butJaynehasareallygoodone.SherunsherownshopinDrax,avillageinYorkshire.HereshetalkstoreporterDanielTyler.DanielTyler:Howdidyoufindthisjob?JayneWilliams:Well,IknewtheshopbecauseIpassediteverydayonthewaytoschool.Theownersbecameillandhadtosellup,somyparentshelpedmetobuythebusiness.DanielTyler:Haveyouchangedanything?JayneWilliams:Yes.Itwasjustasmallgrocer’sbefore,butnowIsellallkindsofthings.Andtheshopstaysopenlonger.DanielTyler:Whydidyoudecidetochangethings?JayneWilliams:BeforeIopenedIdidasmallsurvey.Iaskedcustomerswhatthey’dliketobuyandwhenthey’dliketheshoptobeopen.DanielTyler:Soyou’regivingthemwhattheywant?JayneWilliams:Ihopeso!Iopenat6:30everymorning,whenlocalfactoryworkerscomeinforpapersandcigarettes.Duringtheday1sellallkindsofthingstohousewives:freshmilk,frozenfish,cookedmeat,andsoon.DanielTyler:Doyoucloseforlunch?JayneWilliams:Ohno.That’saverygoodtimeforbusiness.Imakesandwichestoorder—
56hamandeggseemstobethefavouriteatthemoment.Andlotsofpeopleliketodoabitofshoppinginthelunchhour.DanielTyler:Areyoubusyafterlunch?JayneWilliams:Yes,duringtheafternoonIsellalotofsweetstoschoolchildrenonthewayhome.Someofmybestcustomerscomefrommyoldschool!Thenquitealotofpeoplecallinafterwork.Theymaywantsomethingforsupper,orsomechocolatestotaketoafriend.Iclosetheshopat6:00andgohomeformysupper.DanielTyler:That’salongday.Don’tyougettired?JayneWilliams:Well,Idogetrathertired.ButI’mneverbored.Myfriendssaidrunningashopwouldbeboring,butitisn’t.IfinditreallyexcitingandIlovemeetingpeopleallthetime.Task5【原文】BeforetheageoftwentyNigelhadneverplayedguitar.HeworkedasacarpenterinthewestofLondon,andduringthattimehewasalsoafeatherweightboxer.Hewasgood,too,andatatimehewasacontenderforthetitleofschoolboychampionofthesoutheastofthecountry.It’snotoftenthat,whenapersonhasbecomeusedtolivingonewayoflife,hemakesacompletechangeandstartstodosomethingtotallydifferent.Butinthiscase,itdidhappen:hestartedplayingtheguitar.Afewyearslaterhewasplayingwithseveralgroups,includingoneoftheworld’sgreatrockbands,FleetwoodMac.Heplayedwiththemfromtimetotimeuntiltheearlyyearsoftheseventies.Task6【原文】CarlEastwoodwasahappy,friendlyman.Hehadagoodjobwiththegovernment.Hedroveaspecialkindofvancalleda“securityvan”.Importantandvaluablethingsweretransportedinvanslikethese.Carlalwaysdrovetoworkthesameway.HelivedinasmallvillagebutworkedinBristol.TherearealotofGovernmentofficesinandnearBristol.ThatmomingCarlcameroundabendandsawadarkgreenvaninthemiddleoftheroad.Thereweretwomenthere,too,outsidethevan.OneofthemwavedtoCarl.Carlstoppedbutdidn’tgetoutofhiscar.Herolleddownhiswindow.“Iwonderifyoucouldhelpus.Something’swrongwiththeengine.Perhapsifyougiveusapush,it’llstartagain,”oneofthemensaid.Hewastallandworeroundglasses.Therewassomethingstrangeabouthiseyes.Carlwasn’tsurewhatitwas.Buthedidn’tthinkaboutit.Helookedathiswatch.Hestillhadplentyoftimebeforehehadtobeatwork.“Allright.I’llbegladtohelp,”hesaidwithasmile.“Doyouwantmetogiveyouapushwithmycar?”heasked.“No,thatwon’tbenecessary.Imean,it’llbebetterifyouandIjustpushitabitwithourhands.Myfriendcansteerthevan,”theothermansaid.Hewastall,too.Heworedarkglasses.Theylookedstrangeintheearlymominglight.Itwasstillratherdarkandthesunwascoveredwithclouds.Carlgotoutofhiscar.Heandthemanwithdarkglasseswerebehindthevan.Theothermangotinsideit,behindthesteeringwheel.Carlgotreadytopush.Thenhefeltsomethinghardinhisback.Itwasagunanditbelongedtothemanwithdarkglasses.“Getintotheback!Fast!OrI’llusethis,”hesaid.Heopenedthereardoorsofthevan.Therewasathirdmanthere,behindthem.Carlsawhisface.
57“Itcan’tbe.It’simpossible,”hethought.Theneverythingwentblackasthemanwithdarkglasseshithimoverthehead.HeandthethirdmanpushedandpulledCarl’sbodyintothevan.Theyshutthedoors.Thenthethirdmangotout.HewalkedovertoCarl’scarandgotin.Thedarkgreenvandroveaway.Thethirdmandroveaway,too,inthedirectionofBristol,whereCarlworked.HelookedjustlikeCarl.HehadthesamefaceasCarl.Buthewasn’tCarl.Task7【原文】Aroundtheworldyoungpeoplearespendingunbelievablesumsofmoneytolistentorockmusic.ForbesMagazineclaimsthatatleastfiftyrockstarshaveincomesofbetweentwomillionandsixmilliondollarsperyear.“Itdoesn’tmakesense,”saysJohnnyMathis,oneoftheoldermusicmillionaires,whomadeamilliondollarsayearwhenhewasmostpopular,inthe50s.“Performersaren’tworththiskindofmoney.Infact,nobodyis.”Buttherockstars'admirersseemtodisagree.Thosewholoverockmusicspendabouttwobilliondollarsayearforrecords.Theypay150milliontoseerockstarsinperson.Someobserversthinkthecustomersarebuyingmorethanmusic.Accordingtoonetheory,rockmusichasaspecialappealbecausenorealtrainingisneededtoproduceit.Thereisnogulfbetweentheaudienceandtheperformer.Everyboyandgirlintheaudiencethinks,“Icouldsinglikethat.”Sorockhasbecomeanewkindofreligion,anewformofworship.Youngpeoplearegladtopaytoworshiparockstarbecauseitisawayofworshippingthemselves.Luckisakeywordforexplainingthesuccessofmany.In1972oneoftheluckiestwasDonMclean,whowroteandsang“AmericanPie”.Mcleanearnedmorethanamilliondollarsfromrecordingof“AmericanPie”.Then,too,likemostperformers,Mcleanwriteshisownmusic,soheearnsanadditionaltwocentsoneverysinglerecordofthesong.Recordsprovideonlyapartofastar’sincome.Aroundtheworldyounglistenerssoonwanttoseethestarsinmovies,ontelevision,andinperson.NeilYoung,whoperformsintornbluejeans,sometimessingstoanaudienceof10,000,eachofwhomhaspaidatleastfivedollarsforaticket.Afterpayingexpenses,Youngleaveswithabout$18,000inhisbluejeansattheendofanevening.Howdotherockstarsusetheirmoney?Whatdotheydowhenthemoneystartspouringinlikewater?Mostoftheyoungstarssimplythrowthemoneyaround.England’sEltonJohngavesomeonea$38,000Rolls-Royceautomobileandboughthimselfa$5,000pairofeyeglassesthatlightupandspellE-L-T-O-N.Healsoboughthimselftwocars,“oneforeachfoot.”ManyrockstarslivelikeGraceSlickandtheJeffersonAirplane.Thoseperformersreturnfromatour,paytheirbills,andbuynewtoys.Thenwhentheyneedmoneyagain,theydoanothertour.Theysavenomoney,buynostocksandlivefromhandtomouth.Intheendtherockstar’slifeisunrewarding.Aftertwoorthreeyearsrichesandfamesaregone.Leftwithhismemoriesandhistaxproblems,thelonelyex-performerspendshisremainingyearstryingtoimpressstrangers.Newstarshavearrivedtotakehisplace.Task8【原文】Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywanttobecomefriends?Duringtheirfirstfourminutestogether,accordingtoabookbyDr.LeonardZunin.Inhisbook,Contact:Thefirstfourminutes,heoffersthisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:“Everytimeyou
58meetsomeoneinasocialsituation,givehimyourundividedattentionforfourminutes.Alotofpeople’swholeliveswouldchangeiftheydidjustthat”. Youmayhavenoticedthattheaveragepersondoesnotgivehisundividedattentiontosomeonehehasjustmet.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson’sshoulder,asifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartoftheroom.Ifanyonehaseverdonethistoyou,youprobablydidnotlikehimverymuch. Whenweareintroducedtonewpeople,theauthorsuggests,weshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.Ingeneral,hesays,“Peoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves”. Ontheotherhand,weshouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itisimportanttoappearinterestedandsympathetic,realizingthattheotherpersonhashisownneeds,fears,andhopes. Hearingsuchadvice,onemightsay,“ButI’mnotafriendly,self-confidentperson.That’snotmynature.Itwouldbedishonestformetoactthatway.” Inreply,Dr.Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpyoufeelcomfortableaboutchangingoursocialhabits.Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinourpersonality.“Itislikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirst,butitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.” Butisn’titdishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon’tactuallyfeelthatway?Perhaps,butaccordingtoDr.Zunin,“totalhonesty”isnotalwaysgoodforsocialrelationships,especiallyduringthefirstfewminutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverything,andacertainamountofplay-actingmaybebestforthefirstminutesofcontactwithastranger.Thatisnotthetimetocomplainaboutone’shealthortomentionfaultsonefindsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthaboutone’sopinionsandimpressions.Muchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersandfriends.Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchild,problemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirstfewminutestogetherbetreatedwithcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobediscussed,theyshouldbedealtwithlater. Theauthordeclaresthatinterpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschool,alongwithreading,writing,andmathematics.Inhisopinion,successinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherpeople.Thatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.Task9【原文】SummermeansinternshipsforthousandsofAmericancollegestudents.Theyareworkinginthekindsofjobstheymightwanttohavesomeday.AmericanSecretaryofStateMadeleineAlbrightonceworkedasanintern.ActressesJodieFosterandBrookeShieldsservedasinterns.SodidMichaelEisner—ChairmanoftheWaltDisneyCompany.Expertssayatleastone-thirdofallAmericancollegestudentscompleteaninternshipbeforetheygraduate.Mostworkataninternshipduringthesummerwhentheydonotattendclasses.Someworkataninternshipduringothertimesoftheyear.Othersdoaninternshipsoonaftercompletingcollege.Somepeopleworkforlargecompanies.Someworkforsmallorganizations.SomeworkfortheUnitedStatesgovernment.
59Manyinternsdonotearnmoneyattheirsummerjobs.Somecollegestudentsgetaninternshiptogainexperienceinthekindofjobtheywanttogetaftergraduation.Othersdonotyetknowwhatkindofpermanentjobtheywant.So,theymaygetinternshipsinseveraldifferentcompaniesororganizations.Inthisway,theycanfindoutwhatkindofjobtheylikebest.Whyareinternshipssopopular?Studentscanlearnaboutdifferentkindsofjobs.Theycandointerestingwork.Theycanlearnskillsandgainvaluableexperience.Andtheycanmeetimportantpeople.Studentsoftendescribeinternshipsasachancethathappensonceinalifetime.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,hasinternshipsatcultural,historicalandtechnologicalcentersinthenation’scapital.ItistheoldestAmericanstudiesprogramintheUnitedStates.Itwasestablishedin1937.Theuniversityprogramoffersyoungpeopleachancetotesttheirinterestinhistoryortechnologyorart.ItofferssummerworkattheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory,andtheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.ItalsoprovidesexperienceatworkplacesincludingtheLibraryofCongress,theNationalBuildingMuseum,andtheNationalParkService.Theseprogramscansatisfystudentswhoareinterestedinmanydifferentsubjects—subjectsfromairplanestobookstobuildings.ManycollegestudentscompetetogetinternshipswiththeexecutivebranchoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.TheyworkattheWhiteHousewherePresidentClinton’stopadvisershavetheiroffices.ManystudentsinterestedinforeignpolicyworkfortheStateDepartment.Eachsummer,about700studentshavesuchinternships.SomestudentsworkinWashington,D.C.,orinNewYorkCity.Othersserveinseveralhundredembassiesanddiplomaticofficesaroundtheworld.Task10【原文】TheCorcoranGalleryofArtinWashingtonD.C.recentlyshowed173newphotographs.SomeofAmerica’sbestnewsphotographerstookthepictures.Thesemenandwomenworkfornewsservices,magazinesandnewspapers.TheybelongtotheWhiteHouseNewsPhotographers’Association.Theirexhibitwascalled“TheEyesofHistory.”TheCorcoranGalleryexhibitshowedsomeofthetopnewsphotographsoftheyear.TheseimagesweremadebothinandoutoftheWhiteHouse.TimemagazinephotojournalistDianaWalkersaysphotographersinthepresident’shousearerestrictedfromsomeareas.Butshehadmorefreedomthanmanyotherphotographers.Forexample,shetookphotographsofformerpresidentBillClintonduringhisfinalhoursintheWhiteHouse.ShewasintheOvalOfficeasMr.Clintonfinishedworkingonsomepapers.Soon,theonlypaperonhisdeskwasalettertothenewpresident.ShetookapictureasMr.ClintonlookedouttheOvalOfficewindowsforthelasttime.HerpicturecapturedthefeelingsofAmerica’s42ndpresidentonanimportantdayinhislife.Otherphotosintheexhibitshowedverydifferentevents.Forexample,DougMillsoftheAssociatedPressphotographedasailorwoundedinthebombingoftheNavyshipUSSCole.TheshipwasattackedlastOctoberinYemen.Thewoundedmanisshownattendingamemorialservicefortheseventeenbombingvictims.Hesitsinawheelchair,receivingoxygenthroughatube.Thesailorandhiswifepresstheirheadstogetherastheymourn.WashingtonTimesphotographer,GeraldHerbert,alsotookanemotionalpicture.Hephoto-graphedanemergencymedicalworkerinMaryland.Thismanisholdingthehandofanold
60womanpatientasshedies.Tensionandlossshowclearlyonhisyoungface.AphotobyDudleyBrooksofTheWashingtonPostcaughtahappiermoment.HisphotographshowsthegreatbasketballplayerMichaelJordanlaughing.ThepicturewastakenduringapressIconferenceannouncinghisnewjobasanofficialoftheWashingtonWizardsbasketballteam.ExhibitvisitorssaytheWhiteHousenewsphotographers’pictureswillcontinuetoliveintheirmemories.Andreportssaythephotographsmaybepublishedinabook.Thenmanymorepeoplewillbeabletoenjoy“TheEyesofHistory”.Task11【答案】Ayoungmotherbelievedthatitwasverywrongtowasteanyfoodwhenthereweresomanyhungrypeopleintheworld.Oneevening,shewasgivinghersmalldaughterherteabeforeputtinghertobed.Firstshegaveherasliceoffreshbrownbreadandbutter,butthechildsaidthatshedidnotwantitlikethat.Sheaskedforsomejamonherbreadaswell. Hermotherlookedatherforafewsecondsandthensaid,“WhenIwasasmallgirllikeyou,Lucy,Iwasalwaysgiveneitherbreadandbutter,orbreadandjam,butneverbreadwithbutterandjam. Lucylookedathermotherforafewmomentswithpityinhereyesandthensaidtoherkindly,“Aren’tyoupleasedthatyou’vecometolivewithusnow?”Unit13Task1【原文】Mr.Joneshasgonetothedoctor’sbecausehedoesnotfeelverywell.Whatadvicedoesthedoctorgivehim?Mr.Jones:Goodmorning,doctor.Doctor:GoodmorningMr...erm...Jones.NowwhatcanIdoforyou?Mr.Jones:Well.I’mnotsureexactly.ButIdon’tfeelverywell.Igetalotofheadaches—andIfeeltiredallthetime.Doctor:Isee.Now,theseheadaches...Doyousmoke?Mr.Jones:Yes.Ismokeratheralot.Aboutfortycigarettesaday.That’sbecauseIworryaboutmywork,yousee.Doctor:Hm.Andwhataboutexercise?Mr.Jones:Well,Idon’tgetverymuch.I’malwaystoobusy.Doctor:Hm.Youdon’tlookveryfit,doyou?Howmuchdoyouweigh?Mr.Jones:I’mnotsure.Aboutahundredkilos,Ithink.PerhapsIeattoomuch,butI’malwayshungry!Doctor:Hm.Wellnow,Mr.Jones.There’snothingmuchwrongwithyou.IfIwereyouthough,I’dtakemoreexercise,eatlessandsmokefewercigarettes.Betterstill,stopsmokingcompletely!That’smyadvicetoyou.Mr.Jones:Butaren’tyougoingtogivemeanymedicine,doctor?Doctor:Medicine?Youdon’tneedmedicine!Justlessfood,fewercigarettesandmoreexercise.That’sallyouneed.Anddon’tworryaboutyourhealthsomuch.Ifyouworryaboutyourhealth,you’llmakeyourselfill!
61Task2【原文】EverytenyearstheUnitedStatesconductsacensusofthepopulation.Acensusisacountofthepeoplewholiveinacityorcountry.Everyfamilyreceivesaformwithquestionsaboutfamilysize,income,jobs,etc.Theyanswerquestionssuchas:Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Doyouliveinahouseorinanapartment?Howlonghaveyoubeenlivingthere?Wheredidyoulivebeforethis?Wheredoyouwork?Howmuchmoneydoyoumake?Thegovernmentusesallthisinformationtogetabetterpictureofitscitizens.Thelastcensuswasin1980.ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisnow226,500,000,upby23millionpeoplefrom1970.In1970,thepopulationwas203,000,000.ThecensusshowsthatsomeareasoftheUnitedStatesaredeclininginpopulationwhileotherareasaregrowing.Inthepast,morepeoplelivedintheNortheastandNorthCentralareas.Butthisischanging.Now,morepeopleliveintheSouththaninanyotherarea.PeoplearemovingfromtheNorthtotheSouthandtheWest.Thepopulationofnortherncitiesisdownfrom1970.Forexample,thepopulationofNewYorkCityisdown11percent,thepopulationofChicagoisdown12percent.InPennsylvania,thepopulationofPhiladelphiaisdown14percentandthepopulationofPittsburghisdown18percent.WashingtonD.C.hasalmost16percentlesspeople.Atthesametimethatnortherncitiesaredeclining,southernandwesterncitiesaregrowing.ThepopulationofSanJoseisup24percent.Phoenixisup33percent.InTexas,Houstonisup26percentandElPasoisup31percent.InFlorida,thepopulationofFtLauderdaleisup10percent.ThepopulationofVirginiaBeachisup52percent.WhyarepeopleleavingtheNorth?WhyaretheymovingtotheSouthandWest?Themainreasonisjobs.BecausetheSouthandWestaregrowing,there’saneedformorebuilders,teachers,salespeople,etc.Anotherreasonistodaymoreandmorepeoplearechoosingsmallercities.They’retiredofcrime,trafficjams,andpollution.Finally,peoplesaytheyarelookingforawarmerclimate.Theyaremovingawayfromthecold,towardthesun.Task3【原文】TimandTinaspenttwoweeksatGrimm’sfarm.Latertheyspoketoareporterabouttheirtimeatthefarm.Reporter:Well,Tim.You’vetriedtolivelikeanIronAgeman.DidyoulearnmuchaboutIronAgelife?Tim:Oh,yes.Ilearnedalot!Ilearnedthatitwasahardlifeinthosedays.Wehadtoworkreallyhard.Wegotverytired.ThoseIronAgepeoplewerereallystrong.Reporter:Buttheydidn’thavetousetheirbrainsverymuch,didthey?Imean,peopleweren’tverycleverinthosedays,werethey?Tim:Oh,yestheywere!That’sthemostimportantthingthatwelearned.Peopleinthosedaysdidn’tgotoschool,andtheycouldn’treadorwrite,buttheyweren’tstupid.Theylearnedfromoneanother.Theyknewalotaboutplantsandanimals.Theycoulddoalotofthingsthatwecan’tdoverywell.Theycouldbuildhouses.Theycouldmaketoolsandpots,andtheycouldmakefire,too—withoutmatches,Imean.Whenwetriedtodothingslikethatweweren’tverysuccessfulatall.Wefeltverystupid!Reporter:Whataboutyou,Tina?WhatdidyouthinkofIronAgelife?Whatwasitlike?Didyouenjoyit?
62Tina:Well,yesandno.Insomewaysitwasfun.Butinsomewaysitwasverydifficult,andratherboring.ThebestthingwasthatImadesomeverygoodfriends.Everyoneinourgroupwasveryfriendly.Wefeltveryclosetoeachother.Wesharedeverything—food,work,ideas.Butlifeisn’teasywithnogasorelectricity,nomachines—andnobathrooms,either.Iwasgladtogetbacktocivilization!Task4【原文】Humanbeingshavelivedonthisearthforatleasttwomillionyears.Formostofthattimepeopledidnotliveintowns.Sometimestheyusedtocampincaves.Sometimestheyusedtobuildcampsintheforestoronopenground.Thesecampswerejustgroupsofsimplehousesthatweremadeofbranchesandleavesorgrass.Onlyaboutthirtypeoplelivedineachcamp.Themenusedtogohuntingwhilethewomenandchildrencollectedfoodfromthetreesandotherplantsaroundthecamp.Allthefoodwassharedbetweeneveryoneinthegroup.Everyafewweekstheymovedtoanotherplaceinordertofindmorefoodthere.Itwasasimplelife,butpeoplehadtobeclever.Theyhadtomakeeverythingthattheyneeded,andtheyhadtoknowalotaboutplantsandanimals.Man’sbodyandbrainwereformedbythiskindoflife.Nowadaysalotofpeopleliveinbigtownsandcities,andtheyworkinofficesandfactories.Lifeisaloteasierthanitwasintheolddays.Therearefewerdangers,butthereislessexcitement.Mostpeopledonothavetohuntforfood,buttheyhavetostayinoneplaceformostoftheirlives.Theygetsomeexcitementfromsportandfilms,butmanyofthemfeelthatmoderncivilizationistoounnatural.Afewofthemgolookingforadventure—sailingroundtheworld,climbingmountains,orexploringcaves.Mostpeoplelookforwardtotheholidays,becausethentheycanenjoyachange.Alotofthemgocampinginthecountry,orbythesea.Theytrytogetbacktonature.Theytrytoliveaspeopledidthousandsofyearsago.Buttheyalsotakealotofmodernluxurieswiththem.Campingtodayisverydifferentfromcampingintheolddays.Task5【原文】AIthinkwindsurfingisbetterthanswimming.Moreexhilarating.Youcanreallygetawayfromitall.Ilovebeingalonewithnature,andwhenyou’reoutthereonthewateryoucancomearoundaheadlandandsuddenlyfindthatyou’recompletelyalone.Justmeandtheseaandthemindinmyhair.Once,whenIwasworkinginSanDiego,IsuddenlyfeltI’dhadenoughofopera—studyingtheroleandthestuffinessoftherehearsalrooms—andfoundgoingoutwindsurfingatremendousescape.Ithinkmostofmysingercolleaguesareratheramusedbytheideaofmewindsurfing.However,thesedays,atleast50percentofsingerskeepphysicallyfitinsomeway—playinggolf,orworkingoutingyms.Afewyearsagotheytendedtobealotfatter,butnowtheyareconsciousoftheneedtokeepfit.BSocialtennisiswhatIlikebest.Playingdoubleswithabouteightregularfriendsforfun.It’sgenerallyanoisy,boisterouskindofgame,withconstantshoutsoffrustration.Wehavelong,loudargumentsaboutlinedecisions,followedupbylongargumentsaboutthescore.We’reallprettyaggressive,andIthinkImakeitworse,actually.IhavenoticedthatsinceI
63enteredpoliticsmygamehasgotalotmoreaggressive,andIamveryargumentativeaboutthescore.Thewonderfulthingabouttennisisthatwhenyouareplayingit,youcan’tthinkofanythingelse.Yourmindistotallyabsorbedinthegame.Andwhenyoudothatreallygoodshottheelationisincredible.Ontheotherhand,however,thereisprobablynofrustrationgreaterthanthemuffedshotatthenet.Task6【原文】Dr.MartinAnswaywritesacolumninapopularwomen’smagazineonhealthproblems.Heisalsoanexpertonheartdisease.Q:Isthereasecrettogoodhealth?Imean,istheresomewaywecanachieveitwhichisnotgenerallyknown?A:Itcertainlyisn’tasecret.However,thereisagreatdealofignorance,evenamongsupposedlyeducatedpeople,abouthowtobereasonablyhealthy.Q:Well,whatadvicedoyougive,then?A:Uh...tobeginwith,takediet.IbelievethatoneofthegreatestdangerstohealthinBritainandothercountries,particularlydevelopedcountries,isthekindoffoodwetendtoprefer.Q:Suchas?A:Suchasthatgreatnationalinstitution,theBritishbreakfast,forexample.Hamandeggs.Orthekindoflunchsomanypeopleinthiscountryhave:sausageandchips!Oralltheconveniencefoodslikehamburgers.Oreventhingsweregardas“healthy”,suchasfull-fatmilk.OrCheddarcheese.Thelistisendless.Q:What’swrongwiththosethings?A:Theexcessiveconsumptionofsuchthingsleadstotheoverproductionofcholesterol,whichinturnresultsinheartatta...Q:Excuseme,butwhatexactlyischolesterol?A:It’sa...wax-likesubstance...yellowish...andit’sproducednaturallyinourlivers.Weallneedsomecholesterolforsurvival.Q:Well,ifweneedit,inwhatwayisitbadforus?A:Toomuchofitisbadforus.Itbuildsupinourarteries,causingthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthrough,andthis,ofcourse,caneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.ThepointI’mtryingtomakehereisthat,eventhoughweallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones,thethingsmanyofuseatandevenconsiderhealthyleadtotheoverproductionofcholesterol.Andthisisverydangerous.Q:Howcanweavoidthisoverproductionofcholesterol?A:Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.Q:Pasta?Potatoes?But...aren’tsuchthingsfattening?A:Nonsense.Itisn’tpasta,potatoesorbreadthatmakesusfat.It’swhatweputonsuchthings!Cheese,butter,meat!Q:Soanythingwelike,anythingthat’sdelicious,isbadforus.Isn’tthatwhatyou’resaying?A:Rubbish!I’msimplysayingweeattoomuchofthesethings.Andtherearemanywaysof
64preparingdeliciousfoodwithoutusingsuchlargequantitiesofanimalfats.Q:Lastofall,whataboutexercise?Yourecentlywarnedagainstcertainformsofexercise,whichyousaidcouldbedangerous.A:WhatIsaidwasthatifpeoplearen’tusedtogettingregularandvigorousexercise,theyshouldbeginslowly,andnottrytodotoomuchatthebeginning!Ialsosaidthatcertaingames,suchassquash,canbedangerous,particularlyifyouaren’tusedtoplayingthem.Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.Q:Whatkindsofexercisedoyourecommend,then?A:Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskwalking—exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle,andaboveall,sustained.Thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.Weallneedsuchexercise,andthefactisthatfartoofewofusgetenoughofit,particularlyifweliveinlargecitiesandregularlyusecars.Task7【原文】Whenthetelephoneringsatthreeo’clockinthemorningIcanbeawakenedfromadeepsleep,andthensuddenlyonmywaydowntheroadtoaveryseriousaccident.Andthatreallyisthemoststressfulthingofallinthisjob.Theworstpartofmyjobinmyopinionisthejourney.Thedrivingisquiteastressfulproblemwiththemotorwaysandallthetraffic.IfIhaveanappointmentforsay,teno’clockinthemorning,andIleaveearly,Igetintotherush-hourtrafficandthereareprobablyhold-upsonthemotorwaysandbythetimeeleveno’clockcomesImightstillbefiftymilesaway.We’reonlydoingourjobs.Theyaccuseusofmistreatingthempersonally,butwecan’tjusthandmoneyout,justbecausewefeelsorryfortheperson.Ihadamanwhorangupandwasveryabusivetome.HesaidIdidn’tcareifhisfamilystarved.Hesworeatme.Peopleoftenswearatmeandit’sverybadsometimes.Ithinkalotofpatientsexpectittobepainfulandsoalotofpatientsareverynervouswhentheycomein.Andthatputsalotmorestressonus.Wehavetobecarefulandcheerful,andthenpeopledon’tlikeitwhenwetalktothembecausetheycan’ttalkback!Andofcourse,you’relivinginahotel,whichisalonelysortofexistence,sometimesforawholeweek.Or,ifit’snotinoneplace,you’retravelling,stayinginhotels.You’reflyingtoAmsterdam,you’reflyingtoFrance.Butit’sallpartofwhathastobedonetorunasuccessfulcompany.Youknow,youputeverythingintoitbutit’ssoboring,it’sthesamethingoverandoverandover.Andyoumightnotbeworkingphysicallyhard,butbytheendoftheday,becauseoftheboredom,you’retotallyexhausted.Task8【原文】Sue:...andifwehearanyfurthernewswe’llletyouknowrightaway.Well,nowit’stimeforourregularlookatthisevening’sviewingandhere’sPatrickLloyd,televisioncriticoftheDailyMail.Hello,Patrick.
65Patrick:Hello,Sue.Sue:Patrick,what’sworthwatchingthisevening?Patrick:Well,Sue,it’saverygoodnightonallfourchannelsandIthinkmyfirstrecommendationwouldbethedocumentaryonITVat8:30.It’sanamazingfilmaboutthehistoryandgrowthoftheBritishSecretService,MI5.Nowit’sthefirsttimemanyofthefactshavebeenmadepublicandit’saboutthegrowthofwhatwasoriginallycalledMilitaryIntelligenceDepartment5intotheUKequivalentoftheCIAorKGB.Sue:Mmm,soundswellworth...watching.Patrick:Now,afterthatandstillonITVat9:30there’sanotherdocumentary.In“WorldinAction”there’saninvestigationofmultinationalindustriesandthisoneconcentratesonthefoodanddrinkindustries.Iwonder,Sue,didyouknowforexampletheHeinzFoodsaretheownersofWeightwatchersInternational?Sue:No,really?Patrick:OveronChannel4at7:00“WatchYourStep”.Twoteamsofuniversityteachersandstudentshavetosurvivefor24hoursintheNorthofScotlandandthey’vegottosolvevariousproblemstoreachtheirgoal.Theydon’tgetanyhelpandtheyhavetodothingslikefindclues,solvepuzzles,workouthowtocrossrivers,howtoclimbcliffs,makeafire,cookfood.Soundsabitdaftbutitreallyisanexcitingprogrammethatmakesyou,theviewer,thinktoo.Wellworthseeing.Sue:Haha,ratherthemthanme!Now,anythingforsportsfans?Patrick:Yes,footballonBBC1at7:50—that’slivecoverageofEnglandVsBrazilandtennisonBBC2at10withthebestoftoday’splayfromWimbledon.Sue:Andwhataboutfilms?Patrick:Ah,lotsofgoodfilmsontonight,Sue.MypickofthebunchwouldbeHighPlainsDrifterstarringClintEastwood.It’snotjustanotheroneofthoseviolentwesternsand...um...infactit’sareallyremarkablefilm.Akindofallegoryofthebattlebetweengoodandevil.Thephotographyissuperbandalthoughthefilmwasn’treallyappreciatedwhenitwasfirstreleasedin1972,it’swellworthseeingonthesmallscreen.AndthisisonITVat10:30.Sue:Allright.Thanksverymuch,Patrick.Patrick:Now,holdon,justonemorethingIoughttomentionandthat’sthetelevisionproductionofShakespeare’sHamletonChannel4at9.It’sgotacastoflittle-knownactorsandit’sgotsubtitles.Sue:Subtitles?Patrick:Yes,that’sright.Channel4hastakentheboldstepofputtingsubtitlesonthescreeninmodernEnglish.Itmaysoundstrange,even...evenperhapsdistracting,butbelieveme,itworksremarkablywell.Afterall,theEnglishlanguagehaschangedquiteabitinthelast400years.Sue:Allright,thanksverymuch,Patrick.Patrick:Notatall.Sue:Thatsoundsasthoughit’sworthstayinginfortonight.Andnowlet’shearfromIanDuncanatthesportsdesk...Task9【原文】Coffeeisoneofthemostpopularbeveragesthroughouttheworldtoday.Infact,accordingto
66someestimates,over30percentofalladultsintheworlddrinkcoffeeatleastonceadayontheaverage.Coffeecontainsakindofdrugcalledcaffeine.Caffeineisachemicalorachemicalsubstancethatstimulatesthenervesofthebody.Drinkingcoffeetendstomakepeoplealittlebitmoreawakeoralert—atleastforashorttime—becauseofthisstimulatingeffectonthenervoussystem.Acupofcoffeehas,ontheaverage,about3percentcaffeineinit.Onestoryofthediscoveryofthecoffeeplantrelatestothiseffectofcaffeine.Accordingtothestory,coffeewasdiscoveredinsouthernEthiopia—inEastAfrica—inaprovincecalledKaffa.Thestorysaysthatcoffeewasfirstfoundbyagoatfarmer,orratheragoat-herdernamedKaldi.Thiswasabouttheyear850,accordingtothestory.Kaldi,thegoatherder,wasleadinghisanimalsthroughthemountainsandthegoatswerestoppingconstantlytoeattheplantsnearthepath.Suddenly,accordingtoKaldi’sstory,someofthegoatsstartedjumpingupanddowninaverystrangeway.Kaldifiguredoutthatthegoatswereactingthiswaybecauseoftheplantstheywereeating.Kaldihimselftriedeatingsomeofthegreenbeansthatthegoatshadbeeneating.He,too,feltthestimulatingeffectofthebeans.Kaldiwantedtoprovewhathadhappened,sohepickedsomeofthebeansandtookthembacktohishomevillage,wherehetoldhisstory.Thegreenbeangotthename“Kaffa”andlater“coffee”becausethebeanswerediscoveredinaplacecalledKaffainEthiopia.Then,foryears,peopleusedtoeatafewofthegreenKaffabeanswhentheywereinthemountainsandneededextraenergyorstimulation.Itwaslaterfoundthatthecoffeebeanscouldbepickedandthendrieduntiltheyturnedbrown,andthentheycouldbestored.Ifthebeansweredriedandstored,theycouldbeusedatanytime.Whenthecoffeebeansweredried,however,theyweretoohardtoeat,ashadbeendonebefore.Therefore,peoplebegantocrushthebeansintosmallpieces—andthenboilthepiecesinhotwater—andmakeahotdrink.Gradually,itbecamecommontodrinkthishotbeverageinEthiopia.Next,thehotcoffeedrinkbecamepopularamongArabtravelerswhovisitedEthiopia.TheArabicword“Kawan”meanscoffee.AftercoffeedrinkingbecamecommonintheArabcountries,itspopularityspreadtoEurope.Oneagain,itwasspreadbytravellers.Inthe16thand17thcenturiestravellersandtradersfromEuropebegantovisittheArabcountries.TheArabmerchantsandshopkeepersservedcoffeetotheEuropeans.Apparently,theEuropeanslikedcoffeeandastravelincreased,theamountofcoffeedrunkinEuropeincreased.Gradually,theEuropeantradersandexplorersintroducedcoffeedrinkingtothepeopleinnorthAmericaandAsia.Coffeedrinkingincreasedrapidlyinthelate1700sand1800s.Todayitremainsapopularhotdrinkinmanyplaces.Task10【答案】TheExtendedFamilyIntheFar,MiddleandNearEastandinpartsofAfrica,SouthAmericaandEurope,thefirstthingmostWesternpeoplenoticeistherespecteveryonehasfortheold.Oldermenandwomenlive
67withtheirmarriedchildrenandareimportantmembersofthefamily.Theylookafterthechildren,helpwiththecooking,giveadviceandoftenrulefamilylife.Livinginanextendedfamilyhasadvantagesforeveryone.Asmallchild,forexample,knowsmanypeoplefromtheverybeginning,notjusthismotherandfather.Forayoungmotherandfathertherearealsoadvantages.Theycangoouttoworkandgrandmotherwilllookafterthehouseandchildren.Thisisespeciallyimportantinfarmingcommunities,wherebothmenandwomenworkinthefields.Andtheolderwoman,forexample,hassomethingimportanttodo.Sheseesherchildrenandgrandchildrengrowup.Sheisneededandloved.Unit14Task1【原文】Areporterisinterviewingsomepeopleaboutunusualsports.Interviewer:Hello,Andrea.I’vejustbeenwatchingyouskiing.You’rereallyverygood,aren’tyou?Veryfastindeed.Andrea:Thankyou.Idoteachskiing,youknow,soIhavetobegood.ButnowIalsohavetobeveryfast,becauseI’vebeenselectedfortheOlympicteamandI’mtrainingfortheOlympicGamesnextyear.Interviewer:Photos,watersportsareyourwork—waterskiing,parasailing.Doyoustillenjoythem?Photos:Ohyes,Ilovewaterskiingparticularly,butsomedays,whenit’sraining,there’snothingtodo.SoI’mlearningtoplaychessinmysparetime.It’sanicegame,youknow.Interviewer:AndYannis,howoldareyou?Yannis:I’mfifteen.I’monholidayatthemomentandI’mhelpingmybrother.I’mlearningtodrivetheboat.ButIliveinAthenswithmyfamily.I’mastudentthere.Interviewer:Claude,youlookveryfit.Howoldareyou?Claude:I’mfiftynow.Iownthiswindsurfingclub,butI’malsotheclubmanager.IwindsurfalotandImeetalotofBritishandCanadians,soI’mstudyingEnglishtwiceaweek—intheevenings.Interviewer:Stewart,youarefromScotland,aren’tyou?Stewart:Yes,I’mabankmanagerinAberdeen.Butasyouknow,Igounderwatercaving.IwanttogotoBorneonextsummer.Butit’saverydangeroussportsoI’mpracticingdivingeveryweekend,atthemoment.Task2【原文】Extract1:Steve:Lifttheclubbackwardsawayfromtheball.That’sit.Keepingthatleftarmstraight.Fern:It’snoteasy.Steve:...tillyougettothetopofthewing.[Yeah.]Good.Nowtheveryimportantthing—youmustkeepyourheaddownallthetime.Fern:Down?Steve:Yes,keeplookingattheball.Fern:Oh,butI’mlookingattheclub.
68Steve:No.Youmustlookattheball.That’sit.Right,now...Fern:It’snotaverynaturalposition,isit?Steve:Well,nowswingdown.[Yes.]that’sit...swingdownandthroughkeepingthatleftarmstraight[Yes.]andevenwhenyou...evenafteryou’vehittheball,youmustkeepthatheadlookingatwheretheballwas.Yes.Fern:Itdoesn’tseemrighttome!Steve:No,no.You’redoingreallywell.That’sOK.Fern:It’snoteasy,isit?Steve:Andafteryou’vehittheball,keeplookingatwheretheballwasbutmakesureyouthrowthatclubtowardsthehole.Fern:That’snotgoingtobedifficultatall.I’vealmostletgoseveraltimes.Steve:Youmustn’tletgo.Imeanyoumustjustpointtheclubtowardsthehole.Fern:Yes,that’swhyI’mlookinginthatdirectionsoIcancheckwhereit’sgone...hasn’tgoneveryfastactually.Steve:Good.You’llbereallygood.Extract2:Tom:AmIstandingintherightposition?Ruth:Well,you’vegottobendyourkneesabitmore,andthrustyourhandsback,sowhenyougointothewater,youmakeyourheadsfollow,er...gostraightinandyourlegsfollow.Tom:IsthisOK?Ruth:Yes,that’sjust...yes,that’sjustaboutrightandbendyourkneesalittlebitmore.Tom:Does...?Thisallrightnow?Ruth:Yes,that’sfine.Now,putyourhandsback,behindyourback.OK?Niceandstraight...Yes,that’sit,andthen,makeit...now,goon,go!Makeyourheadgostraightinandyour,erm...legsfollow.Extract3:Jackie:Lesley,Idon’tthinkitlikesme?Lesley:Oh,nevermindJackie,nowrelax.Nowtakeadeepbreathallright,becauseitcansenseifyou’renervous.[OK.]Allright?Now,youfeelingOK?[Yes,jollygood.]Now,takeyourlefthand,[Mm-mm]andgetsomehaironitsneck..,getagoodfirmhold.[OK.]Now,canyouliftyourleftlegandputitinthestirrup...youputyourfootinthestirrup.[Myleftleg.]OK?Yes.Hangontightwithyourlefthandon...[Uhhum.]ontothehair.OK?[Right.]Andputyourleftfootinthestirrup.Jackie:Fine.Somytoesarepointingforwards?Lesley:No,yourtoesarefacingtowardsitsback...end.Allright?[OK.]OK?Right,now,canyouhopround[Mm-mm.]sothatyou’refacingitsmiddle[Mm-mm.]alright?Andputyourotherhandonthebackofthesaddle.[Fine.]OK?Feelingcomfortable?[Yes.]OK.Now,you’vegottotakeabigjump,andyou’vegottoswingyourlegovertheback,butdon’tkickit,becauseit’llbefrightened.[Uh-huh-huh-huh.]OK?Jackie:It’llbefrightened?OK,herewego.Task3【原文】Man:Honey,thebasketballgameisabouttostart.Andcouldyoubringsomechipsandabowloficecream?And...uh...asliceofpizzafromthefridge.
69Woman:Anythingelse?Man:Nope,that’sallfornow.Hey,honey,youknow,they’reorganizingacompanybasketballteam,andI’mthinkingaboutjoining.Whatdoyouthink?Woman:Humph.Man:“Humph!”whatdoyoumean“Humph?”Iwasthestarplayerinhighschool.Woman:Yeah,twenty-fiveyearsago.Look,Ijustdon’twantyouhavingaheartattackrunningupanddownthecourt.Man:So,whatareyousuggesting?ShouldIjustabandontheidea?I’mnotthatoutofshape.Woman:Well...yououghttoatleasthaveaphysicalbeforeyoubegin.Imean,ithasbeenatleastfiveyearssinceyouplayedatall.Man:Well,OK,but...Woman:Andyouneedtowatchyourdietandcutbackonthefattyfoods,likeicecream.Andyoushouldtryeatingmorefreshfruitsandvegetables.Man:Yeah,you’reprobablyright.Woman:Andyoushouldtakeupalittleweighttrainingtostrengthenyourmusclesorperhapstrycyclingtobuildupyourcardiovascularsystem.Oh,andyouneedtogotobedearlyinsteadofwatchingTVhalfthenight.Man:Hey,you’restartingtosoundlikemypersonalfitnessinstructor.Woman:No,Ijustloveyou,andIwantyoutobearoundforalong,longtime.Task4【原文】Malc:Bye,Mum,we’reoff.Mum:Offwhere?Boy:Breakdancing.Mum:Breakdancing?Whatever’sthat?Malc:It’sgreat.Boy:Yeah,it’sgreat.Mum:Idaresayitis.Butwhatisit?Malc:It’sbreakdancing.Youdanceonyourshouldersandonyourbackandonyourheadwhenyouaregoodenough.Mum:Itdoesn’tsoundmuchlikedancingtome.Boy:Itis.It’sgreat!Malc:Yeah.Mum:MorelikesomecompetitionintheOlympicGames.Malc:Yeah.It’sgoodexercise.Keepsyoufit.Butnotlikeschoolathletics.It’sgreat.Mum:Andwhereareyouofftodoyourbreakdancing?Malc:Oh,wedoitinthestreet.Anywhere!Youdon’thavetogotoadancehalltodoit.Youjustdoit—whereyoufeellikeit.Boy:It’sgreat.Mum:Butyoucan’tjuststartdancinginthestreetlikethat.Boy:Whynot?Wetaketheportablecassetterecorderandwhenwefindanicestreet,weturnthemusicupreallyloudandstartdancing.Mum:Anddon’ttheneighboursandpolicecomplain?Malc:No.They’retoointerestedwatchingusdance.
70Mum:Onyourback,shouldersandheads?Isee.Itsoundsfascinating,Imustsay.I’mnotsurprisedtheywatch.Veryamusing.Boy:Yeah,it’sgreat.Wehavecompetitionstoseewhocandoitthefastestwithoutfallingover.Malc’sthewinnersofar.Malc:Yeah,I’mthebest.Iteachtheothersbuttheycan’tdoitlikemeyet.Mum:Isupposethatexplainstheconditionsofyourclotheslately.Boy:Whatdoyoumean,Mum?Mum:AllthesetearsandholesI’vesuddenlybeennoticinginunusualplaces.Thatexplainsit.Ifyou’redancingonyourshouldersandbacks,you’llbewearingyourhairoutnext,Isuppose.Malc:On,comeon,Mum.It’sgreat.Mum:Ohwell,offyougo.Butinfuturewearallyouroldpulloversandshirts,willyou?It’snotverygreatsittinguplateatnightsewingupholesinyournewones.Goon,offwithyou.Task5【原文】Helloeverybody,andwelcomebacktoathrillinggameattheTokyoDomewiththeUSTeamtakingadrummingatthehandsoftheJapanesenationalteamgoingintothesecondhalf,51to26.TheUSDreamTeamismadeupofNBAveterans—supposedlythebestwehavetooffer—buttheyneedamiracletodigthemselvesoutofaholeandcomebackatthispoint.UnfortunatelyfortheDreamTeam,theirleadingscorer,High-FlyWilson,wasejectedoneminuteintothesecondquarterafterclimbingintothestandsandfightingwithaspectatorwhohadcontinuallyheckledWilsonforshootingthreeairballsinarow.AnotherunuaualmomentcamelateinthesecondquarterwhentheJapanesecenter,TomohiroSuzuki,sufferedaconcussionandwasknockedoutcoldashelungedforaballandcollidedwiththekneeofoneofhisownteammates.Therealsohavebeenseveralotherinjuries,includingthelossofstartingforward,MasaHarada.SomeofthecoachesontheUSteamareattributingtheteam’sslowperformancetosomerawfishtheyhadlastnightwhileattendingabanquetintheirhonor.Nextthingwe’llknow,they’llbeblamingtheirplayers’cementhandsonademonstrationclassonJapanesepaperfoldingearlierintheweek.Whoknowswhat’llbenext?OK,itlookslikewe’rereadyforthesecondhalf.Task6【原文】OlympicVillageWithalandareaof80hectaresandatotalbuildingfloorareaof470,000squaremeters,theOlympicVillage,locatedwithintheOlympicGreen,willaccommodate17,600athletesandteamofficials.A760-hectare“ForestPark”willalsobecreatedwithintheOlympicVillage.14venueswillbeusedtohold15sportingeventswithintheOlympicGreen.ThesevenuesareinwalkingdistancefromtheOlympicVillage.AllotherOlympicvenuesinBeijingwillbelessthana30-minutedrivefromtheVillage.TheOlympicVillagewillprovidesafeandcomfortablefacilitiestohelpathletesachievetheirpeakperformanceduringtheGames.TheResidentialQuarterlocatedinthewesternpartoftheVillageconsistsofapartmentbuildings,dininghalls,andotherfacilities.TheInternationalQuarterlocatedintheeasternpartoftheVillagewillprovideleisurefacilitiesandculturalactivitiesfor
71athletes.AftertheGames,theVillagewillbecomearesidentialarea.Task7【原文】Twofootballenthusiaststalkaboutwhattheyappreciateaboutthegame.Interviewer:Whenyou…whenyougotoamatch,whatdoyouactuallylookfor?Isitthemovement,isitthetactics?WhatI...orisitjustthesheer...1stenthusiast:Ithink...Interviewer:Sheerexercise?Theactivity?1stenthusiast:Formeit’sthe…it’sthesheerphysical…erm…thewhole,thephysicalnatureofthething,youknow.Interviewer:Uhm.1stenthusiast:Forme,I...IlikenothingbetterthantoadmireagoodFirstDivisionsiderunningoutontothepitchandyoulookatthesemenandtheirphysicalcondition,everymuscleintheirbodyiscompletelytonedup,youknow.AndthesemenarerunningandImeanrunningforninetyminutes.Interviewer:Um.1stenthusiast:Andtheyarereally…the...1thinkthereisabeautyinit.Interviewer:Uhm?1stenthusiast:The...thephysicalmovementoftheman…amanwhocanjumptoaheightandthengetthepowerbehindaballwithhishead.Interviewer:Uhum?1stenthusiast:WhichIcanjustaboutgetoutofkickingaballwithmyfoot.Interviewer:Uhum?1stenthusiast:Youknow,thatistheenjoymentforme.2ndenthusiast:Orawell-timedtackle.1stenthusiast:Yes.2ndenthusiast:Ora...aballhitwellontherun.Interviewer:Uhum.2ndenthusiast:Theseareskillswhichhavetobelearnedoveranumberofyears.Interviewer:Yes,uhum.2ndenthusiast:Andthenofcourse,youhaveplayerswhoaregifted.Interviewer:Uhum.2ndenthusiast:Theskillscomealmostnaturaltothem.Andit’sab...it’sabeautifulthingto...toseeareallyprofessionalfootballerinaction.Interviewer:Uhum.2ndenthusiast:Juststrikingtheball.But...butit’sonlywhenyou’veplayedthegameyourselfIthink,thatyoucanreallyappreciate.Interviewer:Um.2ndenthusiast:Theskillsinvolved.Interviewer:Um.Task8【原文】What’sitlikebeingatafootballmatch?Thetwoenthusiaststalkedaboutthisandviolencein
72footballcrowds.Interviewer:So,...a...a...atypicalmatch...i...i...isaverytensetense...2ndenthusiast:Oh,yes.Interviewer:Affair,isn’tit?2ndenthusiast:Oh,yes.1stenthusiast:I...infact,it’savery…sorry...it’s...a...it’s...a...er...almosttiringbeingasupporter.Interviewer:Uhm?1stenthusiast:Asitis...erm...playingthegameitself.Interviewer:Um.1stenthusiast:Er...livefootballformeis...is...isoneofthemost…er...stimulatingexperiencesfor...emotionalsortofbuild-upandstrain.Interviewer:Um.1stenthusiast:Youknow.Thefeelingwhentheballgoesinthebackofthenet.Interviewer:Uhum.1stenthusiast:In...whenyouareactuallywitnessingthewholebuild-upandthemovement.Andwhenitgoesin,whatisactuallyhappeningwhentheballgoesinthenetisthatthistensionyouhavebuiltupissuddenly…yougiveventtoitalland...Interviewer:It’sreleased?1stenthusiast:It’sreleased;youknowit’slikethetremendousenergybeing...Interviewer:Uhum.1stenthusiast:Thrownout.Interviewer:Um?1stenthusiast:It’satremendousfeeling.2ndenthusiast:I...i...i...italso...Interviewer:Uhum?2ndenthusiast:Givestheopportunityto...to...togetridofalotof...er...eraggressive...er...alotofyouraggressivefeelings.Interviewer:Um.2ndenthusiast:Youknow.Youcan...1stenthusiast:Ummm.2ndenthusiast:Shoutandscream.Interviewer:Umm.2ndenthusiast:Thingswhichin...in...innormalcompanyyouwouldn’tdo.Interviewer:Butyoupersonallyhaveneverbeeninvolvedinabrawl?2ndenthusiast:No,no.ButI’veseenthem.Interviewer:Afight?2ndenthusiast:Ihaveseenthem,yeah.Interviewer:Uhum?2ndenthusiast:I...I’veseen.Interviewer:Uhum.2ndenthusiast:Ofcourse,Interviewer:Uhum?2ndenthusiast:Un...un...wildbehaviourisnews,
73Interviewer:Uhum.2ndenthusiast:Andgoodbehaviorisn’tnews.1stenthusiast:Umm.2ndenthusiast:Sothatthepresstendstoseizeon...onskinheadsatfootballmatches.Interviewer:Uhim.2ndenthusiast:Andthisisblownup.Interviewer:Uhumm.2ndenthusiast:Thisisblownup.Andinfact,inmyopinion…i...i...i…itprobablycontributestotheviolence...Interviewer:Um.2ndenthusiast:Ontheterraces.Task9【原文】A:Yes,peopleusedtosaythatsportingcompetitionsbetweennationswasagoodsubstituteforwarbutitseemsinrecenttimesatfootballmatchesthatit’ser...thatthey’retakingwarwiththemintotheer...intothefootballground.Imean,does…doesn’tinternationalcompetitioninthiswaysimplyfermentnationalistfeelingsandmakethewholesituationratherunsportingintheend?B:Ithinkitdoes,yes.Imean...I...erinagoodgameofanysportreallythat...Ipersonallythinkifit’splayedasitshouldbeplayed,winningisnotthebeallandendall,it’splayingthegame…whichisthe...A:Butisthatpossibletodayinaprofessionalsport?B:No,I’mafraiditisn’t.C:No,Idon’tthinkitshouldbeinprofessionalsport.Inaprofessionalsportwe’retalkingaboutwinning…umbecausewinningiswherethemoneyis,henceprofessionaland...B:That’sthewayitis.Whetheritshouldbeisanotherquestion...Ier...C:Ohno,thatishowitshouldbe.Ifyoudon’twantittobelikethatthenyouhaveamateursport.A:Well,whatabouttheeffectonthesupportersthoughinthatcase.There...isthereanytruthinsayingthattheviolenceonthefieldofsportbetweenprofessionalswhoarebehavingprofessionallyandwe’vegotthisveryunpleasantimpression“aprofessionalfoul”infootball,doesn’tthatleadtoviolenceoff…offthe...?C:Yes,I’msureitdoes,andreallywe’retalkingaboutresponsibilityandIdon’tthinkthatinsomeofthegameswhereviolenceisprevalent,asforexamplefootball,thatwehaveresponsibleofficials.Ithink,er,tostopviolenceontheterracesthen,yesyoumuststopsomeoftheviolenceonthefield.A:Maybeprofessionalismispartofthis.Imeanthe…perhapsthemostviolentgamethatweplayinBritainonthefieldistheRugbyUnionandyetit’sveryrareforany…fortheretobeanyertroubleinthegroundswhere...B:ThepointisthatinRugbyUniononecan’ttellthedifferencebetweenalegitimatetackleandabodilyassault.C:No,butIthinkthatit’shandledmore...moreresponsibly.Forexample,IbelieveinRugbywhenonepersonissentoff,generallythere’s...there’ssomeonefromtheopposingsidealsosentoff,andIthinkit’sfairtosaythatinmosttroublespotsthere…thereismorethanonepersoninvolved.Bydoingthingslikethatyoudefusethesituation.B:IthinktherefereesinRugbyaremuchtougher.ImeanonewordagainsttherefereeinRugby
74andyou’reoffinalotofcases.A:Butalso,ofcourse,it’sanamateurgame.Thereisn’tthemoneyinitisthere,fortheplayers.B:ButeveninRugbyLeaguewherethereismoneyinvolved,althoughperhapsnotsuchalargeextentonthewholeasinfootball,therefereeusuallyhasmuchmorecontrolofthesituation.Task10【原文】TopathletesofferadviceonmakingthemostofalossHowdotopathleteshandledefeatanddisappointment?Inmanycases,anathletecanturntohisorherteammatesforsupportandencouragement.Butinsomesports,theperformercompetesasanindividual.Winningorlosingdependssolelyontheathlete’sownskillandeffort.Iaskedseveraltopperformersinindividualsportslikegymnastics,skating,andtrackandfieldwheretheyfindthesparktokeepgoingafteraloss.Maybetheirresponseswillbehelpfultoyou,too.SiriLindleyisatoptriathlete,competingineventsthatcombinelong-distancerunning,swimming,andcycling.“ItrytousewhatIlearnfromeachlosstomakemestrongerandmoredetermined,”shesays.“ThenIpickmyheadupandstartthinkingpositiveandIvisualizemyselfsucceedingthenexttime.Letthelossesmakeyoustronger.”AllenJohnsonwonagoldmedalinthe100-meterhurdlesatthe1996Olympics,butheknowsthathecan’twineveryrace.“WhenIdon’twin,IhavetoacceptthefactthatImadeamistakeorthatsomeonewasbetteronthatday,”hesays.“Youcan’tbethebesteveryday,butyoucanbethebestonsomedays.”DiverMarkRuizhaswonmanynationalchampionships.“Inmysportitisthelittlethingsthatcount,”hesays.“Eachdivemustbedoneperfectly.IfIdon’tdowellinameet,itpushesmetopracticethatmuchharder.IfIdon’tfeelmotivatedtopractice,IremindmyselfthatifIdon’ttrainwell,Idon’tdowell.SoIgorightbacktoworkingonallthesmallthings.”GymnastShannonMillerhaswonseveralOlympicmedals,includingtwogolds.“IfImakeamistakeinthemiddleofacompetition,ItrytoforgetaboutitbecauseIhavetogoon,”shesays.“IfIdopoorlyoverthecourseofanentiremeet,Igobacktothegymandfigureoutwhatwentwrong.It’ssoimportanttolearnfromyourmistakes.”FigureskaterMichaelWeissisoneofthebestinhissport,buttherehavebeenalotofspillsalongtheway.“Ilookatfailingasapartofgrowing,”hesays.“Whenyouloseandyouarefeelingdown,withoutteammatestoliftyouup,youhavetobestrongenoughtopickyourselfup.”Task11【原文】PreventingSportingInjuriesSportsareobviouslyagreatwaytokeepinshapeformostpeople,andagreatstartontheroadtoahealthylifestyle.Herearesometipsforgettingthemostoutofyourfitnessprogramsandpreventinginjury.AvoidingdehydrationWhateversportyourplay,itisessentialtomaintainyourfluidlevelstoavoiddehydration.Don’trelyonyourthirstasanindicatoroffluiddepletion;trytodrinkconsistentlybeforeandduringyoursportingactivity.Continuingtodrinkafteryouhavefinishedwillensurethatweightlostthroughfluiddepletionisreplaced.Rememberthatalcoholandanydrinkscontainingcaffeine
75canledtoincreaseddehydration.Ifyouareoutdoors,alwaysremembertobringadequatesumprotection,andtrytoavoidschedulingactivitiesbetween10amand2pm,thehottestpartoftheday.Warningup,coolingdownYoucanhelptoreducetheriskofaserioussportinginjurybywarminguppriortoexerciseandtakingtimetocooldownafteryouractivity.Stretchingpriortoexercisehelpstopromotebloodflowtoyourmuscles,increasingflexibilityandreducingthechanceofgettinganewinjuryoraggravatinganoldone.Agentlecooldownperiodmeansyouwillexperiencelessmusclestiffnessandsoreness.Italsohelpstoremovewasteproductsformmusclesyouhaveusedduringyouractivity,replacingthemwithnutrientsandoxygen.Trynottooverdoitwhenbeginninganewactivity;buildonyourfitnesslevelsandsetgoals.knowingyourlimitsmeansyouhavelesschanceofsustainingasportinginjury—alackoffitnessincreaseyourchanceofexperiencingaheat-relatedinjurysuchasheatexhaustionorheatstroke.TherightequipmentNomatterwhatsportyouplay,thecorrectfootwearisessentialtoabsorbtheimpactofmovementaswellasprovideadequatesupportforyouranklesandfeet.Thisisespeciallyimportantinsportswherekneeandankleinjuriesarecommon,suchasnetballandfootball.Tohelpavoidinjury,protectiveequipmentsuchaskneeandelbowpads,helmets,glovesorshinpadsmaybehelpfulinmanycontactsportsorsportswherethereisariskofcrashing.TreatinganinjuryWhilebrokenbonesandseveresportinginjuries,suchasconcussions,shouldbetreatedbyamedicalprofessionalimmediately,lessserioussprainsandstrainscaninitiallybehelpedbytheRICEmethod.Rest—noexerciseorstretchingorquickmovements.Ice—shouldbeappliedforatleast20minutesassoonaspossibleaftertheinjury,theneveryfourhourswhileyouareawake,forthenext48hours.Crushedicecubesinawetteatowelorpacketsoffrozenpeasareideal.Becarefultoprotectyourskinfromtheicewithoil,apapertowelorateatowel.Compress—useafirmcrepeorelasticpressurebandageontheaffectedjointorlimb.Elevate—keeptheinjuredarmorlegup.FoodandsportAllowbetweenoneandfourhoursforyourfoodtodigestbeforeyouparticipateinanysportingactivity,longerifyoursportinvolvesrunning.theidealmealpriortosportislowinfatandhighincarbohydrates—carbohydratesincreaseyourstoreofglycogen,whichfuelsthemuscles,whilealow-fatmealhelpsyouavoidabloatedfeelingthatmayaffectyourperformance.Task12【答案】Mr.Joneswasveryfondofclimbingmountains,sooneyearhewenttoSwitzerlandforhisholidays.Afterhehadclimbedsomeeasymountains,hedecidedonedaytoclimbamoredifficultone;buthedidnotwanttogoupitalone,sohefoundagoodSwissguide,whohadoftenclimbedthatmountain.Atfirstitwasnotadifficultclimb,butthentheycametoaplacewhichwasnotsoeasy.The
76guidestopped,turnedroundandwarnedMr.Jones.“Becarefulhere,”hesaid,“Thisisadangerousplace.Youcaneasilyfall,andifyoudo,youwillfallstraightdownaverylongway.But,”hecontinuedcalmly,“ifyoudofallhere,don’tforgettolooktotherightwhileyouaregoingdown.Thereisquiteanextraordinarilybeautifulviewthere—muchmorebeautifulthantheoneyoucanseefromhere.”Unit15Task1【原文】1)VotersinPeruSundayelectedAlejandroToledoasthecountry’snextpresident.2)AmericangolferTigerWoodshaswontheEuropeanTournamentPlayersChampionshipinHeidelberg,Germany.3)PopeJohnPaulhasapologizedtoOrthodoxChristiansforwrongsdonetothembyRomanCatholicsoverthepast1,000years.4)Earlierthismonth,PresidentRobertMugabeannouncedthatZimbabwewouldacceptgeneticallyengineeredmaizefromtheUNWorldFoodProgramme.5)FrancehastakenstrictsecuritymeasuresforthevisitbyPresidentKhatamiofIranonWednesday.6)ThegovernoroftheAmericanStateofIllinois,GeorgeRyan,hasconcludedavisittoCuba,thefirstbyaUSgovernorsincePresidentFidelCastrocametopower40yearsago.7)ThechairmanofthepeacetalksonNorthernIreland,theformerAmericanSenatorGeorgeMitchell,sayshe’sincreasinglyconfidentthatthecurrentdeadlockcanbebroken.8)TheheadoftheWorldHealthOrganization,GroHarlemBrundtland,saysimportanteffortsarebeingmadetofighttheworld’sserioushealthproblems.Task2【原文】NewsItem1TheDutchSenatehasapprovedabillthatpermitsdoctorstoendthelivesofverysickpatientsinsomecases.ThelowerhouseofParliamenthadapprovedthemeasureinNovember.ThevoteTuesdaymakestheNetherlandsthefirstcountrytoopenlyletdoctorshelpsufferingpatientsendtheirlives.Themeasuresayspatientsmayasktodieiftheyhavenochanceofsurvivingtheirsickness.Italsosaysthatanindependentgroupmustexaminethepatients’requesttodie.NewsItem2AfoodcrisisinsouthernAfricahasaddedtothedecadeabouttheuseofgeneticengineeringinagriculture.TheUnitedNationssaysalmostthirteenmillionpeopleinsouthernAfricaneedemergencyfoodaid.UNofficialshaveurgedothercountriestoprovidefoodandmoney.TheUNsaidonlyone-fourthofthemoneyneededtoprovidefoodassistancehasbeenoffered.America’stopagricultureofficialreactedtotheUNreportwithastatement.AgricultureSecretaryAnnVenemannotedthattheUnitedStatesisthelargestprovideroffoodaidtosouthernAfrica.ButMs.VenemansaidopponentsofgeneticallyengineeredfoodhavelimitedtheabilityoftheUnitedStatestosendfood.
77Task3【原文】GeneralelectionsarebeingheldtodayinPortugalwithopinionpollssuggestingthatneitherofthetwomainpartieswillobtainanabsolutemajorityinParliament.AftereightyearsofgovernmentbytheSocialDemocrats,theelectioncouldproduceaminorityoracoalitiongovernment.OurcorrespondentinLisbonsaysthatthere’sbroadagreementbetweenthegoverningpartyandtheoppositionSocialistsonmanyissuesincludingEuropeanintegrationandeconomicpolicies.Thisconvergencehasreducedinterestintheelectionsandtheabstentionratecouldbehigh.Task4【原文】Aroundtheworld,almosteveryday,reportsappearinthenewsaboutgovernmentofficialsaccusedofwrongdoing.Theymayhavesoldtheirinfluence,ortheytriedtohideotherillegalactivities.Suchmisuseofpowerisknownascorruption.Fiveyearsago,agroupbegantoaskbusinesspeopleandothershowcorrupttheyconsiderthedifferentgovernmentsaroundtheworld.ThegroupiscalledTransparencyInternational.ItisbasedinBerlin.ItusestheinformationgatheredtoproduceayearlylistcalledtheCorruptionPerceptionsIndex.Thislistratescountriesbyhowcorrupttheyseem.ThemostrecentonecameoutinOctober.TransparencyInternationalusedtheresultsofseventeenstudiestoproduceit.Ninety-ninecountriesareonthelist.ThoseseenasleastcorruptincludeDenmark,Finland,NewZealandandSweden.Transparencyisawordcommonlyusedbythoseinvolvedinthefightagainstcorruption.Somethingtransparent,likewindowglass,permitslighttopassthroughunrestricted.Theideaofagovernmentoperatingtransparentlysuggeststhatwrongdoingwouldbedifficulttohide.Itmeansthatactivitiesarecarriedoutintheopen,clearforalltosee.PeterEigenstartedTransparencyInternationalwithFrankVogelin1993.TheymetattheWorldBank,wheretheybothworked,andwhichnowhasjointeffortsforhonestgovernment.TransparencyInternationalsayscorruptiondamagesacountry’sdevelopment.Itsayscorruptionreducesgrowthandscaresawayforeigninvestment.Anditsayscorruptionputsloansandaidintoprojectsthatonlyhelpthecorruptiondecision-makersthemselves.Task5【原文】In1942,orchestraconductorAndreKostelanetzaskedcomposerAaronCoplandtowriteapieceofmusicaboutAbrahamLincoln.CoplandwasoneofthebestmodernAmericancomposers.AaronCoplandwroteLincolnPortraittohonorthepresident.HereistheSeattleSymphonyplayingpartofLincolnPortrait.AaronCoplandaddedwordsfromPresidentLincoln’sspeechesandletterstohisLincolnPortrait.IthasbeenperformedmanytimesintheUnitedStates.Manyfamouspeoplehavereadthewords.HereisactorJamesEarlJonesreadingpartofAaronCopland’sLincolnPortrait.“‘Fellowcitizens,wecannotescapehistory.’Thatiswhathesaid.ThatiswhatAbrahamLincolnsaid.‘Fellowcitizens,wecannotescapehistory.WeofthisCongressandthisAdministrationwillberememberedinspiteofourselves.Nopersonalsignificanceorinsignificancecanspareoneoranotherofus.Thefierytrialthroughwhichwepasswilllightus
78downinhonorordishonortothelatestgeneration.We,evenwehere,holdthepowerandbeartheresponsibility.’”AbrahamLincoln,16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates,iseverlastinginthememoryofhiscountrymen.ForOntheBattlegroundatGettysburg,thisiswhathesaid.Hesaid:“...thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion;thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain;andthatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthatpeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.”Task6【原文】NewsItem1ThePalestinianauthorityhasissuedanemphaticcondemnationofattacksonIsraeliciviliantargetsafterasuicidebomberandthreeIsraeliswerekilledintheIsraelicoastaltownofNetanyahu.ThestatementwarnedthatterroristoperationsposedarealthreattothedreamsofthePalestinianpeoplefortheirownstate.Laterinalivetelevisioninterview,thePalestinianleaderYasserArafatsaidhetotallycondemnedbothattacksonIsraelicitizensandthoseonPalestiniancitizensbyIsraelitroops. NewsItem2AtlesttenpeoplearedeadinnorthernIsraelafterabombexplodednearabus.Atleast40otherpeoplewerewounded.TheattackhappenednearthecoastaltownofHaderaaspeopleleftwork.Reportssayacarcarryingthebombmovedalongsidethebusandexploded.Flamestrappedpeopleinsidethebus.ThePalestiniangroupIslamicJihadtookresponsibilityfortheattack.IsraelileadersblamedthebombingonYasserArafat.ThePalestinianleadercondemnedtheattack.EarliertheIsraelimilitarysaiditstroopsintheGazaStripshotandkilledtwoPalestiniangunmennearaJewishsettlement.Task7【原文】NewsItem1UnitedNationsofficialshavepublishedguidelinestohelpreducediscriminationagainstpeopleinfectedwiththeAIDSvirus.TheUNwantscountriestoalterdiscriminatorylegislation,ensureagreateravailabilityoftreatmentandboosteducationaboutAIDS.UNadvisorssayovercomingdiscriminationistheonlywaytofightAIDS,whichshouldbetreatedlikeanyotherseriousdisease.NewsItem2FormerPresidentsBillClintonandNelsonMandelahaveurgedworldleaderstotakeunitedactionagainstAIDS.Mr.ClintonsaidheandtheformerSouthAfricanpresidentareformingagroupcalledtheWorldLeadersAIDSNetwork.ThetwomenspokeatthecloseoftheInternationalAIDSConferenceinBarcelona,Spain.Mr.ClintonsaidtheNetworkalsowillincludethesixothercurrentorformerheadsofstatewhoattendedtheconference.FormerU.S.PresidentClintonsayssinceallnationsarevulnerabletoHIVAIDS,allnationsmustworktogethertodefeatit.“Weliveinaninterdependentworldwithgreatrewardstothosewhocanclaimitsbenefitsanduniversalvulnerabilitytoitsproblems.Welearnthatwiththethreatof
79terror,andwelearnitwithAIDS.”FormerSouthAfricanPresidentMandelacalledforanendtotheplightofAIDSorphans,andthestigmaandinequitiessufferedbyHIVpositivewomen.“AIDSisawaragainsthumanity!”Task8【原文】TheUnitedStateshasaskedtheWorldTradeOrganizationtoruleinadispute.ThedisputeisbetweentheBraziliangovernmentandseverallargeinternationalcompaniesthatmakedrugstotreatthediseaseAIDS.ThecaseisimportantbecauseitcouldaffectmanydevelopingnationsthatsufferfromtheAIDScrisis.InternationaldrugcompaniessayaBrazilianlawthatforcesthemtomakeAIDSdrugsinBrazilisunfair.TheBrazilianlawsaysforeigncompaniesmustmaketheirAIDSdrugsinBrazilorhavetheirsalesrightslimited.BrazilsaysAIDSisanationalemergencyandthatWTOtraderulespermitBraziltotakemeasurestomakeAIDSdrugslesscostly.SeveraldrugshavebeendevelopedthatsuccessfullycontroltheHIVvirusthatcausesAIDS.However,morethanonedrugisneededtofighttheviruseffectively.AcombinationoftwoorthreedrugsreducesthelevelofHIVinthebloodofaninfectedperson.Thisisoftencalledadrugprogram.SeverallargeinternationaldrugcompanieseachdevelopedoneormoreofthedrugsusedtocontrolHIV.Thecompaniesholdlegalrightsoverthesaleofthesedrugs.TheWTOprotectsthedrugrightsofdrugcompaniesundertheTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsrules.Theserulesaredesignedtoprotecttherightsofallcompaniesandindividualswhoinventorcreatesomeproductforsale.However,therulesareobservedonlyinmembernationsoftheWTO.Otherdevelopingnationscanmakeseparateagreementswithinternationaldrugcompanies.Inindustrialcountries,anAIDSdrugprogramforonepersoncostsmorethantenthousanddollarsayear.BrazilnowproducesanAIDSdrugprogramforaboutthreethousanddollars.Itsaysthecosttomakethedrugscouldbereducedfurther.However,internationaldrugcompaniessaytheyarebeinghurtbyBrazil’smethodforreducingthecostofthedrugs.DrugcompaniesinothercountriesarealsomakingAIDSdrugsatareducedcost.AnIndiancompanyrecentlyannouncedplanstosellaone-yearAIDSdrugprogramforthreehundredandfiftydollarstoadoctors’groupworkinginAfrica.Thegroup,DoctorsWithoutBorders,hasledacampaigntoforceinternationaldrugcompaniestocutpricesondrugsfortheworld’spoorestpeople.Task9【答案】RobbershavefledwithanestimatedthreemilliondollarsfromasecurityvehicleatLondon’sHeathrowAirport.PolicesaytwomenhijackedthevehiclesshortlyafterthedrivercollectedthemoneyfromaSouthAfricaAirlinesfight.IthappenedhoursafterpolicearrestedamaninconnectionwithasimilarrobberyatHeathrowearlylastmonth.TherobbersinFebruaryescapedwithmorethansixmilliondollars.BritishofficialshavecalledforanurgentinvestigationofsecurityaroundHeathrowAirport.
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