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大学英语四级模拟考试题答案及听力原文CreatingaGreenCampusn Recently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.n Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.n Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.PartIII ListeningComprehensionSectionAn11.A12.B13.A14.B15.Dn16.C17.D18.A19.C20.Bn21.C22.A23.D24.B25.DSectionBn26.C27.C28.A29.B30.Dn31.A32.C33.A34.D35.BSectionCn36.classified37.background38.album39appreciationn40.context41.implies42.image43.instrumentPartIVReadingComprehensionn44.Descriptivewritinginthehumanities.particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting.n45.Ittellsthereaderhowtodosomething,forexample,explainingthetechniqueusedtoshootafilm.n46.Authorsmayactuallyusemorethanonetypeoftechniqueinthegivenpieceofinformationalwriting.SectionA47.K48.J49.L50.C51.B52.H53.N54.G55.A56.EPartVITranslationn87.hadfollowedmyorders/instructions.n88.gaveuppursuingknowledge/abandonedthepursuitofknowledge.n89.beforewefindthecureforcancer/beforeweknowhowtocurecancer/beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancer.n90.keeppacewith/keepupwiththeconstantlygrowing/rising/increasingneedsof
1consumers.n91.thelesslikelyyouaretocatchacold.nSectionAn 11.n Man:Excuseme,doyouhavechangeforaten-dollarnote?Ineedtopaytheparkingmeter.n Woman:I¡¯msorry.ButIthinkyoucangetitthroughthemoneychanger,intheshoppingcenteracrossthestreet.n Question:Whatisthemantryingtodo?n 12.n Man:Canyourecommendsomethingthataschoolboyofsevenoreightwillreallylike?n Woman:Isuggestthistoytrain,sir.It¡¯sanexcellentbrand,verypopular,allovertheworldthesedays.n Question:Whatisthemandoing?n 13.n Woman:Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyouaretakingpicturesofthem?n Man:Itrynotto.Youknow,anypictureofapersonwhoposesforthecamerawouldlookdullandunnatural.n Question: Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?n 14.n Woman:IneedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsBaltimorewell.I¡¯mtoldyoulivedthere.n Man: Oh,butIwasreallyyoungatthetime.n Question: Whatdoesthemanmean?n15.n Woman:Aren’tyoudisappointedthatyoudidn’tgetthepromotion?n Man:Maybealittle.ButIknowIneedmoreexperiencebeforeI’mreadyforthatkindofresponsibility.n Question: Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromthisconversation?n 16.n Woman:I’vebeenworkingoutthegymsinceJanuary.Iwasabitoutofshape.n Man: Youlookterrific!Itseemsthatyourefforthaspaidoff.n Question: Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?n 17.n Woman:Prof.ClarksuggestedthatIgetatutorforadvancedphysics.n Man: Well,thatmighthelp.Advancedphysicsisaprettydifficultcourse.n Question: Whatdoesthemanmean?n 18.n Woman:Bill,haveyouheardthelatestnews?Itappearswetwowon’tbelaidoffafterall.n Man: Oh,I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIshouldresign.Anyway,thenewsseemstobegoodforyou.n Question: Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenews?nConversationOne
2n Woman:Hello,Parksoncollege.MayIhelpyou?n Man:Yes.I’mlookingforinformationoncoursesincomputerprogramming.Iwouldneeditforthefourthsemester.n W:Doyouwantadayoreveningcourse?n M: Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.n W:Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?n M:No.n W:Oh.Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming.n M:Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?Ihopeit’snotonThursdays.n W:Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsatseven.n M:Justonceaweek?n W:Yes.Butthat’sallmostthreehoursfromseventonineforty-five.n M:Oh.Well,that’salright.Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?n W:Mmmm,letmesee.Twelveweeks.YoustartthefirstweekinSeptember,andfinish,oh,JustbeforeChristmas.December21st.n M:Andhowmuchisthecourse?n W:That’sthreehundreddollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.n M:Aha.Okay.Ah,wheredoIgotoregister?n W:RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptember,between6and9inFrostall.n M:Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?n W:Yes.That’stheone.n M:Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?n W:No,justyourcheckbook.n M:Well,thankyouverymuch.n W:Youareverywelcome.Bye!n M:Bye!n 19.Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?n 20.Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?n 21.Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleoftheeveningcourse?n 22.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?nConversationTwon W:So,whyexactlydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?n M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituation,andthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.n W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?n M:Iveryrarelydoanythingworkrelated.Soit’seasytoescapethemarkets.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyIfI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway.Todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.n W:Doyouthinkwhatyoudoforrelaxisaneffectivewaytobeatstress?n M:Idon’tthinkthere’saspecificruleabouthowtobeatstress.IgenerallyfindthatwhatIdoiseffectiveforme.n W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?
3n M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostressrelatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstressisagoodthing,andifusedtherightway,canactuallybeapositivething.n W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?n M:Havingsaidallthat,Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Ienjoyamentalchallenge.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.Howyoudealwithandmanagethoseemotionsdictatesshort,medium andlongtermtradingperformanceandsuccess.n 23.Whatistheman’sjob?n 24.Whydoesthemanprefertocookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway?n 25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutanelementofstressinhisjob?nPassageOnen Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetwasjustahopefuldream.Butnowtheyarebeginningtolocateplaceswherelifecouldform.In1997,theysawevidenceofplanetsnearotherstarslikethesun.Butscientistsnowthinkthatlifecouldbeevennearerinourownsolarsystem.OneplanetscientistsarestudyingverycloselyisEuropa,amoonofJupiter.SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface.TheprobeshavealsomadethescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.Waterandheatfromvolcanicactivityaretwobasicconditionsneededforlifetoform.Athirdiscertainbasicchemicalssuchascarbon,oxygenandnitrogen.ScientistsbelievetheremightbesuchchemicalslyingatthebottomofEuropa’socean.Theymayhavealreadycreatedlife,ormaybeaboutto.Youmaywonderiflightisalsoneedforlifetoform.Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalinblackness,suchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflifehavebeenseen.SothelackoflightinEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceandoesn’tautomaticallyruleoutlifeforming.n 26.Whatdidscientistsoncebelieveaccordingtothepassage?n 27.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutEuropa,amoonofJupiter?n 28.Whathavescientistscometoknowrecentlyabouttheformationoflife?n PassageTwon Inherearlydaysasanemergencyroomphysician,Dr.JoannaMeyertreatedachildwhohadsufferedaseconddegreeburn.Afterthechildhadbeentreated,andwasbeingpreparedfordischarge,Dr.Meyertalkedtotheparentsabouthowtheyshouldcareforthechildathome,alsolisteningtoherwerehalfadozenfamilymembers.Afewhourslater,whenshecametosaygoodbye,thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’vebeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven.“AsItalkedtothem,Iwasamazed.”shesaid,“AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhadgivenjustafewhoursbefore.Buttheyhadthreeorfourdifferentversions.Themostbasicdetailswereunclearandconfusing.Iwassurprised,becausethesewereintelligentpeople.”ThisepisodegaveDr.Meyerherfirstcluetosomethingeverydoctorlearnssoonerorlater–mostpeoplejustdon’tlistenverywell.n Nowadays,shesays,sherepeatsherinstructions,andevenconductsarealitycheckwithsomepatients.Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinkthey’resupposedtodo.Shealsoprovidestake-homesheets,whicharecomputerprintouts,tailoredtothepatients’situation.
4n Dr.Meyer’slistenersarenotunusual.Whennewordifficultmaterialispresented,almostalllistenersarefacedwithachallenge,becausehuman’sspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword.Oralcommunicationisfast-movingandimpermanent.n Question29-31n Q29.Whatdidthechild’sfamilymembersargueaboutinthehospital?n Q30.WhatdoesDr.Meyerdotoensureherpatientsunderstandherinstructions?n Q31.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthumanspeech?n3 Itislogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefits,andjobsecuritymotivateworkers.Butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers,theyaremerelysatisfiers.n Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,therearealwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobs,andlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomanagersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?n Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasateam.Forexample,somesupermarketscombineofficestaff,thepeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam.Andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplaythem,andsoon.n Manypeoplenowtalkabouttheimportanceofacompanysharedvaluesorculture,withwhichallthestaffcanidentify.Forexample,beingthebesthotelchain,ormakingthebest,themostuserfriendly,orthemostreliableproductsinaparticularfield.Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargets,whichultimatelyonlyconcernafewpeople.Unfortunately,thereisonlyalimitednumberofsuchgoalstogoaround.Andbydefinition,notallthecompetingcompaniesinanindustrycanseriouslyplayintobethebest.n Question32-35n Q32.WhatcanactuallymotivateworkersaccordingtoFrederickHerzberg?n Q33.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutjobsinthecomputerera?n Q34.Whatdosomesupermarketsdotomotivateemployees?n Q35.Whydoesthespeakersayfinancialtargetsarelesslikelytomotivateworkers?
