大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇

大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇

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大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇  Passage1建议用时:8分钟From:To:  WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.  Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②  1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.  A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage  B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns  C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory  D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage  2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.  A.Changesintheformsofwords.  B.Changesinsentencestructures.  C.Changesinspellingrules.  D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.  3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?  A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

1  B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.  C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.  D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.  4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an).  A.historianB.philosopher  C.anthropologistD.linguist  5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?  A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.  B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.  C.Ourchanginglanguage.  D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.  Vocabulary  1.spann.跨度,范围,一段时间,期间  2.imperceptibleadj.感觉不到的,觉察不到的,极细微的  3.organismn.生物体,有机体  4.possessionn.拥有,占有,领土,领地  5.ignorantadj.无知的  6.folkn.人们,民族  7.permanencen.永久,持久  8.Anglo-Saxonsn.盎格鲁—撒克逊语,盎格鲁—撒克逊人,地道的英国人  9.reversaln.颠倒,反向,逆转  10.inflectionn.词尾变化  11.prepositionn.前置词,介词  12.conjunctionn.联合,关联,连接词  13.intermsof根据,按照,用……的话,在……方面  长难句解析  ①【解析】“who”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰“thecommon,ignorantfolk”。“muchas”引导状语从句。“kitchenpotsandpans”意为“锅碗瓢盆”。  【译文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至无知民众的财产,他们每天都像使唤他们的牲畜和锅碗瓢盆一样用着语言。  ②【解析】此句为一个复合倒装句。“until”引导一个并列句,前一句的主语是“atendency”,“tofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew”作“tendency”的定语,第二句的主语也是“atendency”,“to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定语,“inwhich”引导的定语从句修饰“ways”。  【译文】例如在18世纪一种产生于各种来源的趋势把语言固定在一个不常使用和不利于语言发展的模式中,而到了当今,主流是要反复研究、评价人们说话、写作中的语言实践。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点,指出了古英语与现代英语的不同,以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。

2  1.B细节题。根据题干回原文中定位,阅读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子,这往往都是考点所在。这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点,指出了古英语与现代英语的不同,以及语言学家态度的转变。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。根据文章末尾Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践,而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项B符合文章的意思。  2.A词汇题。要根据上下文的信息判断单词的意思。文章在第二段中间再次提到inflection时说,Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.后面文章又举了WHO/WHOM和ME/I为例说明inflection,这是一篇关于语言学的文章,从例子可以看出inflection的意思应该是“单词的变形”,选项A正确。  3.A细节题。根据文章的内容,选项A“普遍认为1500年是现代英语的起点”在文章中没有提及,故为正确答案。文章第二句说Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange-attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.我们语言的历史是一个不断变化的历史——在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉,在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推断一些其他的语言对英语的发展有重大影响,选项B符合文章的意思。  4.D词汇题。此题考查考生的推测能力和词汇量,文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节,最适当的答案应该是D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A答案(历史学家)和C答案(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。B答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。  5.C主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化,但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项A不对,选项C作为文章的题目最为贴切。选项B只是文章阐述的一个方面,不够全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点,所以选项D也失之于片面。  第一篇 人文篇Passage2  Passage2建议用时:6.5分钟From:To:  Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.  Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.  Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaoreven

3blindness.  Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.  1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?  A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.  B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.  C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.  D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.  2.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi.  A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround  B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s  C.showsthereverseofglobalization  D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences  3.Thetwoschoolsofthought.  A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures  B.bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries  C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld  D.BothAandB  4.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose.  A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity  B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture  C.whowanttotravelabroad  D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale  5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies.  A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas  B.allhavethequalityofpatience  C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures  D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization  Vocabulary  1.dynamicadj.动态的  2.variablen.变量  3.aestheticsn.美学  4.factualadj.事实的  5.interpretativeadj.解释的  6.convergev.聚合  7.transplantv.移植  8.myopian.近视  9.adversaryn.对手  长难句解析  ①

4【解析】此句虽然很长,但考生只要认清它的主干,就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句,主语为:“thissystem”,谓语为“isshaped”。  【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右:如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响,文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。  1.C推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中,应该怎样对待不同的文化,商业界存在着不同的看法。  2.A细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格,这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。  3.C推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于,应该对待不同的文化,应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。  4.D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道,作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态,而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。  5.B细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化,或是采纳国际化策略。  第一篇 人文篇Passage3  Passage3建议用时:7.5分钟From:To:  Asregardssocialconventions,wemustsayawordaboutthewell-knownEnglishclasssystem.『ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople,andonetheytendtobeashamedof,thoughduringthepresentcenturyclass-consciousnesshasgrownlessandless,andtheclasssystemlessrigid.』①Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface.Broadlyspeaking,itmeanstherearetwoclasses,the“middleclass”andthe“workingclass”.(Weshallignoreforamomenttheold“upperclass”,includingthehereditaryaristocracy,sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers;butsomeofitsmembershavetherighttositintheHouseofLords,andsomenewspaperstakeasurprisinginterestintheirprivatelife.)Themiddleclassconsistschieflyofwell-to-dobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleofallkinds.Theworkingclassconsistschieflyofmanualandunskilledworkers.  Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthemisintheiraccent.Middle-classpeopleuseslightlyvaryingkindsof“receivedpronunciation”whichisthekindofEnglishspokenbyBBCannouncersandtaughttooverseaspupils.Typicalworking-classpeoplespeakinmanydifferentlocalaccentswhicharegenerallyfelttoberatheruglyanduneducated.OneofthebiggestbarriersofsocialequalityinEnglandisthetwo-classeducationsystem.Tohavebeentoaso-called“publicschool”immediatelymarksyououtasoneofthemiddleclass.Themiddleclassestendtoliveamoreformallifethanworking-classpeople,andareusuallymorecultured.Theirmiddaymealis“lunch”andtheyhavearatherformaleveningmealcalled“dinner”,whereastheworkingman’sdinner,ifhisworkinghourspermit,isatmidday,andhissmaller,late-eveningmealis

5calledsupper.  Aswehavesaid,however,theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas,andforalongtimeithasbeengovernmentpolicytoreduceclassdistinctions.『Working-classstudentsverycommonlyreceiveauniversityeducationandentertheprofessions,andworking-classincomeshavegrownsomuchrecentlythatthedistinctionsbetweenthetwoclassesarebecominglessandlessclear.』②However,regardlessofone’ssocialstatus,certainstandardsofpolitenessareexpectedofeverybody,andawell-bredpersonispolitetoeveryonehemeets,andtreatsalabourerwiththesamerespecthegivesanimportantbusinessman.Servilityinspiresbothembarrassmentanddislike.Eventheword“sir”,exceptinschoolandincertainoccupations(e.g.commerce,thearmyetc.)soundstooserviletobecommonlyused.  1.Themiddleclassmainlyreferstopeople.  A.whowerebornasaristocrat  B.whohavetherighttositintheHouseofLords  C.whospeakinmanydifferentlocalaccents  D.whoareprosperousbusinessmenorwhoworkinsomeprofessions  2.ThemostobviousdifferencebetweentheworkingclassandthemiddleclassinEnglishistheir.  A.dressB.work  C.accentD.meal  3.Whyisn’ttheword“sir”commonlyusedinBritain?  A.Becauseitsoundstooservileandislikelytocauseembarrassment.  B.Becauseitcanonlybeusedinsomecertainoccupations.  C.Becauseitisanimpoliteword.  D.Becauseitshowsthatthespeakerisnotawell-bredperson.  4.The“upperclass”inEnglandtoday.  A.areextremelysmallinnumbersothatmediapaysnoattentiontothem  B.stillusesoldwordslike“Sir”intheireverydaylife  C.includesthehereditaryaristocracy  D.refersonlytotheroyalfamily  5.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheEnglishclasssystem?  A.ItisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople.  B.Working-classstudentscannotreceiveauniversityeducation.  C.Theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas.  D.Theclasssystemstillexistsbelowthesurface.  Vocabulary  1.conventionn.习俗  2.embarrassv.使困窘  3.rigidadj.严格  4.hereditaryadj.世袭的  5.manualadj.体力的  6.accentn.口音  7.receivedpronunciationadj.(英语的)标准发音  8.well-bredadj.有教养的  9.servilityn.卑屈

6  10.occupationn.职业  长难句解析  ①【解析】这是一个复合句,主句由“and”引导的两个并列句组成,“though”引导的让步状语从句,也是由两个并列的句子组成。  【译文】尽管本世纪等级意识越来越淡,等级制度也越来越不严格,但对于英国人来说它仍是一个尴尬的话题,仍旧引以为耻。  ②【解析】这是一个复合句,由“and”引导的两个并列句组成,“so…that”作“grown”的状语。  【译文】劳工家庭中的孩子上大学成为非常平常的事情,此后他们也加入各种专业行当。劳工阶层的工资近来也快速增长,使得两个阶层间的界线越来越模糊。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述英国等级意识虽然越来越淡,但在表层下,等级仍然存在。而“阶层”的最大区别是他们的口音。  1.D细节题。意为“那些比较富裕的生意人或有一定的职业的人”。见第一段的倒数第二句:中产阶级主要包括富裕的生意人和有一定的职业的人。所以正确答案应该是D。  2.C细节题。意为“口音”。见第二段的第一句:他们之间最明显的区别是他们的口音。所以正确答案应该是C。  3.A推断题。意为“因为它听起来太过谦卑,很可能会引起尴尬”。见文章的最后两句:谦卑会引起尴尬和不悦。甚至像“先生”这样的词,除了在特定的职业中(如商业、军队)外,也不太常用,因为它听起来太过谦卑。所以正确答案应该是A。  4.C细节题。A选项前半是对的。上流社会人数很少,后半是错的,媒体还在关注他们,注意一定要看清楚再选。B选项相关内容在文末。D没有提到。B在第一段中间出现,是正确答案。  5.B细节题。意为“来自工人阶级家庭的学生不能接受大学教育”。见第三段第二句的前半句:来自工人阶级家庭的学生接受大学教育并且某种职业的情况已十分普遍。所以选项B的答案与文章不相符,是正确答案。  第一篇 人文篇Passage4  Passage4建议用时:6分钟From:To:  TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.『Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.』①Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.  Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.  OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,closeups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthis

7projectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.  Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.『Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.』②Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”  Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.  1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.  A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports  B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports  C.theattractionoffootball  D.theattractionofbaseball  2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.  A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold  B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball  C.itisnotexcitingenough  D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny  3.Theauthoradmitsthat.  A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung  B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV  C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball  D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball  4.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans(4thparagraphlastsentence):  A.Thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame.  B.Evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult.  C.Thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell.  D.Theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit.  5.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor.  A.likesfootballB.hatesfootball  C.hatesbaseballD.likesbaseball  Vocabulary  1.dugoutn. 棒球场边供球员休息的地方  2.pitchern. 投手  3.symphonyn. 交响乐

8  4.chambern. 室内  5.contemplatevt.沉思,注视  长难句解析  ①【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball…means…watching…”,其中“infunnytightoutfits”用来修饰“grownmen”,“standing…”和“staring”用来做“grownmen”的定语。  【译文】对于他们来说,棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。  ②【解析】这是一个复合句,“goesup…”,“flexes…”“takes…”,“glances…”做“thethirdbaseman”的并列谓语。  【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间,你再看吧,三垒运动员脚尖点地,屈臂或把接球手套直指前方,左右移动步伐,或前或后,或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。  1.D主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓,不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度,文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力:“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话,那么,垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见,本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。A不对,第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好,但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。  2.C细节题。文章第一段指出:许多人不喜欢垒球,一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说,看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上,东瞧瞧西望望,很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生——没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味,不像橄榄球那样充满活力。A意为:“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意:原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味,二者意味不一样。D意为:“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度,矜持,即:没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。  3.B推断题。第三段指出,在电视上,垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面,而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术,这破坏了该运动的整体运动感,使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去,以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(TheTVwon’tdoitforyou),因此,电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对,作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征,并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。  4.B推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景:拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球,作好了一切准备,但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛,意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。  5.D推断题。在本文中,作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏,作者着重指出的是:只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它,才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来,观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它,才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义,也只有这样,才能全身心地投入比赛中,欣赏到它的魅力。可见,作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。  

9第一篇 人文篇Passage5  Passage5建议用时:7.5分钟From:To:  AmongthemorecolorfulcharactersofLeadville’sgoldenagewereH.A.W.Taborandhissecondwife,ElizabethMcCourt,betterknownas“BabyDoe”.TheirhistoryisfastbecomingoneofthelegendsoftheOldWest.HoraceAustinWarnerTaborwasaschoolteacherinVermont.WithhisfirstwifeandtwochildrenheleftVermontbycoveredwagonin1855tohomesteadinKansas.Perhapshedidnotfindfarmingtohisliking,orperhapshewasluredbyrumorsoffortunestobemadeinColoradomines.Atanyrate,afewyearslaterhemovedwesttothesmallColoradominingcampknownasCaliforniaGulch,whichhelaterrenamedLeadvillewhenhebecameitsleadingcitizen.“Greatdepositsofleadaresuretobefoundhere.”hesaid.  Asitturnedout,itwassilver,notlead,thatwastomakeLeadville’sfortuneandwealth.Taborknewlittleaboutmininghimself,soheopenedageneralstore,whichsoldeverythingfrombootstosalt,flour,andtobacco.『Itwashiscustomto“grubstake”prospectiveminers,inotherwords,tosupplythemwithfoodandsupplies,or“grub”,whiletheylookedforore,inreturnforwhichhewouldgetashareinthemineifonewasdiscovered.』①Hedidthisforanumberofyears,butnoonethatheaidedeverfoundanythingofvalue.  Finallyonedayintheyear1878,sothestorygoes,twominerscameinandaskedfor“grub”.Taborhaddecidedtoquitsupplyingitbecausehehadlosttoomuchmoneythatway.Thesewerepersistent,however,andTaborwastoobusytoarguewiththem.“Ohhelpyourself.Onemoretimewon’tmakeanydifference,”Hesaidandwentonsellingshoesandhatstoothercustomers.thetwominerstook$17worthofsupplies,inreturnforwhichtheygaveTaboraone-thirdinterestintheirfindings.Theypickedabarrenplaceonthemountainsideandbegantodig.Afterninedaystheystruckarichveinofsilver.Taborboughtthesharesoftheothertwomen,andsotheminebelongedtohimalone.Thismine,knownasthe“PittsburghMine,”made1300000forTaborinreturnforhis$17investment.  LaterTaborboughttheMatchlessMineonanotherbarrenhillsidejustoutsidethetownfor$117000.ThisturnedouttobeevenmorefabulousthanthePittsburgh,yielding$35000worthofsilverperdayatonetime.Leadvillegrew.Taborbecameitsfirstmayor,andlaterbecamelieutenantgovernorofthestate.  1.LeadvillegotitsnameforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT.  A.becauseTaborbecameitsleadingcitizen  B.becausegreatdepositsofleadisexpectedtobefoundthere  C.becauseitcouldbringgoodfortunetoTabor  D.becauseitwasrenamed  2.Theword“grubstake”inparagraph2means.  A.tosupplyminerswithfoodandsupplies  B.toopenageneralstore  C.todoone’scontributiontothedevelopmentofthemine  D.tosupplyminerswithfoodandsuppliesandinreturngetashareinthemine,ifonewasdiscovered  3.Tabormadehisfirstfortune.

10  A.bysupplyingtwoprospectiveminersandgettinginreturnaone-thirdinterestinthefindings  B.becausehewaspersuadedbythetwominerstoquitsupplying  C.bybuyingthesharesoftheother  D.asalandspeculator  4.TheunderlyingreasonforTabor’slifecareeris.  A.purelyaccidental  B.basedontheanalysisofminer’sbeingverypoorandtheirpossibilityofdiscoveringprofitableminingsite  C.throughthehelpfromhissecondwife  D.heplannedwellandaccomplishedtargetsstepbystep  5.Ifthispassageisthefirstpartofanarticle,whomightbeintroducedinthefollowingpart?  A.Tabor’slife.  B.Tabor’ssecondwife,ElizabethMcCourt.  C.Othercolorfulcharacters.  D.Tabor’sothercareers.  Vocabulary  1.barrenadj.贫瘠的  2.fabulousadj.神话般的,难以置信的  3.lurevt.诱惑,引诱  4.depositn.沉淀,储蓄  5.grubstakev.下注  长难句解析  ①【解析】“It”是形式主语,真正的主语是“to”后面的句子,“while”引导时间状语从句。  【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”,说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品,作为回报,当他们采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯·奥斯汀·沃纳·泰勃发家的故事。  1.C细节题。因为Leadville可以为Tabor带来巨富。这一点不是Leadville得名的原因,因为在文章第二段中,讲到这一点时,提及三个原因:A.因为Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物,B.因为在Leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为Leadville是因为Tabor重要而起的名,唯独C没有,因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。  2.D词汇题。第二段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的,即“供给探矿者资金,衣物,食品以及其他物品”。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版64页)但此处还补充地讲,作为回报,供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第4行)  3.A细节题。Tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助,为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容:两名开矿者从Tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品,作为回报,Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘,九天之后,发现了银的富矿,于是Tabor又将两人的股份全买下,这样,银矿属于Tabor一个人所有,这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。Tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。  4.

11B推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的,但是毕竟也是基于他开创的“grubstake”模式,因为A、D都不对,C更是没有根据,因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法,会得出B选项所示的结论。  5.B推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分,那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key可以从文章第一句分析出来,在Leadville的黄金年代,其多彩的特点当中,Tabor及其第二任妻子ElizabethMcCourt是值得大书特书的,接着,文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor发家致富的历史,如先买下匹兹堡矿,后又买下Matchless矿,最后成为市长,代理州长,等等,所以涉及到的全是男主人公,因此下边再讲的话,应成为女主人公即ElizabethMcCourt的天地了,她是Tabor的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。  第一篇 人文篇Passage6  Passage6建议用时:6分钟From:To:  WhilethecitiesofChinahaveundergonemodernizationevidentintherisingtowersandbrightlightsthathaveawakenedthesleepingcountry,thecountrysideremainslargelythesame.  『Rectangularrowsofricefieldslitterthelandscapeseparatedbylonglanesofwaterdesignedtoprovidetheconstantsupplyofwaterthatisvitaltoproducingthecrop.』①TheexperienceisnotunlikedrivingthroughtheAmericanMidwest,onlyricenotcorndominatesthelandscape.  Fouryearsago,whenIlasttookthistrip,theroadsweredustandtelephonewiresdidnotrunparalleltothehighway.Bareroadshavebeenreplacedbysleek,newlypavedhighwaysrunningfromShanghaitoNanking,tomysmaller,homecity,Wuhu.UnlikethechangesIhadheardofandexpectedinShanghai,Wuhuwasmuchmoreofasurprise.ThesmallcitywhereIwasbornhadgrownupasIhave.Therearelargehigh-risebuildings,eachringedwithsmallerbuildingsaroundit,manyoftheseapartmentcomplexes.LittleseemedfamiliarandIwonderwhatmygrandparent’sflatbuiltofbrickandmortarhadbecome.  『PerhapsIshouldn’thavebeensurprisedtofindoutthattheirhomehadbeendemolishedandrebuiltasasixstoryapartmentcomplexaswell.』②WalkinguptothesecondfloorIsawmygrandfather’sfacepeeringoutofthescreendoor.Hebegantosmileashesawme,andsodidI.Theirhomeisnownodifferentfromawesternapartment.Equippedwiththemodernamenitiesofagasstove,atoilet,ashowerthiswasindeeddifferentfromfouryearsago.  1.Accordingtotheauthor,dramaticchangestookplacein.  A.citiesbutnotcountrysideofChina  B.bothcitiesandcountrysideofChina  C.countrysidebutnotinlargecities  D.everywhere  2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat.  A.peasantsleadsimilarlifeallovertheworld  B.ChineseirrigatingsystemismoreimpressingthanthatinAmerica  C.peasantsinMidwestAmericaraisemorecornswhileChinesepeasantsraisemorerice  D.peasantsinMidwestAmericaraisemorericewhileChinesepeasantsraisemorecorn

12  3.TheauthorwastravelingtoWuhu.  A.inordertotakeastopduringthetripfromShanghaitoNanking  B.inordertofindsomeplacesimilartohishometown  C.inordertovisithisgrandparents  D.inordertofindoutchangesinsmallcities  4.Theauthor’sgrandparents.  A.liveintheirhouseofbrickandmortar  B.liveinanapartmentsimilartowesterners  C.ledatotallywesternizedlife  D.waspoorastheyalwayswere  5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?  A.FlashbacktoChina  B.FromShanghaitoNanking  C.WuhuToday  D.BackWithMyGrandParents  Vocabulary  1.mortarn.灰泥  2.amenityn.便利设施  3.rectangularadj.长方形的  4.littern.乱七八糟的东西  5.lanen.小路  6.demolishvt.拆除  长难句解析  ①【解析】句子的主干是“…landscapeseparatedby…”,“that”引导的定语从句,修饰“water”。  【译文】长方形的稻田杂乱地分布在田野上,田野被一些长长的水槽所隔开,这些水槽是为了提供这些作物生长所必需的水。  ②【解析】“aswell”作“也,又”讲,一般放在句末,而“aswellas”作“也,又”讲放在句中。  【译文】也许,对于他们家已被拆除,重新盖起了六层的公寓,我不应该感到惊奇。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述作者回家乡所看到的家乡的巨大变化。  1.A细节题。这道题很简单,就是考察对第一段那个长句的理解。作者说虽然大城市有巨大的变化,但是农村还是老样子。  2.C推断题。美国中西部的农民种植玉米较多而中国农民种植大米较多。根据第二段最后一句:眼前的景象很容易让人想起美国的中西部地区,只不过那里到处是玉米,这儿到处是大米。  3.C推断题。芜湖是作者的家乡,他回去是要看望自己的祖父母。  4.B细节题。作者的祖父母住在一个类似于西方人的房子里面。  5.A主旨题。芜湖,祖父母,旅途都只是文章涉及的一个方面,做标题最适合的还是A选项。  

13第一篇 人文篇Passage7  Passage7建议用时:8.5分钟From:To:  Today,therearemanyavenuesopentothosewhowishtocontinuetheireducation.However,nearlyallrequiresomebreakinone’scareerinordertoattendschoolfulltime.  『Parttimeeducation,thatis,attendingschoolatnightorforoneweekendamonth,tendstodragtheprocessoutovertimeandputsthecompletionofadegreeprogramoutofreachofmanypeople.』①Additionally,suchprogramsrequireafixedtimecommitmentwhichcanalsoimpactnegativelyonone’scareerandfamilytime.  Ofthemanyapproachestoteachingandlearning,however,perhapsthemostflexibleandaccommodatingisthatcalleddistancelearning.Distancelearningisaneducationalmethodwhichallowsthestudentstheflexibilitytostudyathisorherownpacetoachievetheacademicgoalswhicharesonecessaryintoday’sworld.Thetimerequiredtostudymaybesetasideatthestudent’sconveniencewithdueregardtoalllife’sotherrequirements.Additionally,thestudentmayenrollindistancelearningcoursesfromvirtuallyanyplaceintheworld,whilecontinuingtopursuetheirchosencareer.『Tutorialassistancemaybeavailableviaregularairmail,telephone,facsimilemachine,teleconferencingandovertheInternet.』②  Gooddistancelearningprogramsarecharacterizedbytheinclusionofasubjectevaluationtoolwitheverysubject.Thisprecludestherequirementforastudenttotravelawayfromhometotakeatest.Anothercharacteristicofagooddistancelearningprogramistheequivalenceofthedistancelearningcoursewiththesamesubjectmaterialsasthosestudentstakingthecourseonthehomecampus.Theresultantdiplomaordegreeshouldalsobethesamewhetherdistancelearningoron-campusstudyisemployed.Theindividualityoftheprofessor/studentrelationshipisanothercharacteristicofagooddistancelearningprogram.Inthefinalanalysis,agooddistancelearningprogramhasaplacenotonlyfortheindividualstudentbutalsothecorporationorbusinessthatwantstoworkinpartnershipwiththeiremployeesfortheeducationalbenefit,professionaldevelopment,andbusinessgrowthoftheorganization.Sponsoringdistancelearningprogramsfortheiremployeesgivesthebusinesstheadvantageofretainingcareer-mindedpeoplewhilecontributingtotheirpersonalandprofessionalgrowththrougheducation.  1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTadisadvantageofparttimeeducation?  A.Itrequiressomebreakinone’scareer.  B.Ittendstolasttoolongformanypeopletocompleteadegreeprogram.  C.Itaffectsone’scareer.  D.Itgivesthestudentlesstimetosharewiththefamily.  2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofdistancelearning?  A.Thestudentmaychoosehisorherownpace.  B.Thestudentmaystudyatanytimetohisorherconvenience.  C.Theycanpursuetheirchosencareerwhilestudying.  D.Theirtutorialassistancecomesthroughregularairmail,telephone,facsimilemachine,etc.  3.Whatbenefitwilldistancelearningprogrambringtoabusiness?

14  A.Recruitmentofmoretalentedpeople.  B.Goodimageofthebusiness.  C.Bettercooperationwithuniversities.  D.Furthertrainingofemployeesandbusinessgrowth.  4.GooddistancelearningprogramhavethefollowingcharacteristicEXCEPT.  A.distancelearningcourseisthesameasstudentstakingcoursesincampus  B.theresultdiplomaordegreeshouldbesameasoncampusstudy  C.professor-studentrelationshipisstrictlyonetooneallthroughthecourse  D.includessubjectevaluationtool  5.Whatbenefitwilldistancelearningbringtoanemployeeofabusiness?  A.Professionalgrowth.  B.Goodrelationshipwiththeemployer.  C.Goodimpressionontheemployer.  D.Highersalary.  Vocabulary  1.avenuen.林荫道,大街,方法,途径,路  2.accommodatingadj.乐于助人的,随和的,善于适应新环境的  3.dueadj.应得的,应付的,正当的,预期的  4.facsimilemachine传真机  5.teleconferencingn.电信会议  6.precludev.排除,使避免  7.equivalencen.同等,等价,等效性  8.resultantadj.作为结果而发生的,合成的  9.individualityn.个性,个人的特性,个人的嗜好  10.sponsorv.发起,主办,赞助  长难句解析  ①【解析】这个句子由两部分组成,主语都是“parttimeeducation”,第一部分的“thatis…”做主语的同位语。第二部分的谓语由两部分组成,即“tendsto…”和“…puts…”。  【译文】函授教育就是在晚间或者一个月的每个周末去学校上课,这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长,并且很多人难于完成这种学位。  ②【解析】此句结构比较简单,主要要求考生掌握一些常用词,如“airmail”,“facsimilemachine”,“teleconferencing”等。  【译文】教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要通过函授教育和远程教育的比较,来说明远程教育的优点。  1.A推断题。问题问及选项中哪个不是业余教育的缺点。依据文章第一段中nearlyallrequiresomebreakinone’scareerinordertoattendschoolfulltime可以看出,参加全日制学习需要中断自己的事业,在第二段中作者又说Parttimeeducation,thatis,attendingschoolatnightorforoneweekendamonth,tendstodragtheprocessoutovertimeandputsthecompletionofadegreeprogramoutofreachofmanypeople.业余教育,只需要晚上和周末学习,因此需要中断自己的事业不是部分时间教育的缺点。而其他选项都是文章提及的parttimeeducation的不利条件。

15  2.D细节题。文章提到的优缺点是几种教育方式之间的比较,问题问及哪个选项的内容不是远程教育的优点。前三个选项,A.“学生可以选择自己的进度”,B.“学生可以在他(或她)方便的时候学习”,C.“在学习的同时还可以追求自己的事业”都是文章中提及的与另两种方式比较的优点。在文章第二段最后,作者指出Tutorialassistancemaybeavailableviaregularairmail,telephone,facsimilemachine,teleconferencingandovertheInternet.辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行,作者只是提出了一种可能,实际上是弥补distanceeducation的不足的一个建议,并不是远程教育(函授)的优点。因此选项D符合题意。  3.D细节题。选项A、B、C在文章中都没有提及,依据文章最后一段,agooddistancelearningprogramhasaplacenotonlyfortheindividualstudentbutalsothecorporationorbusiness一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对个人有好处,而且对那些公司或者商业机构来说也是意义重大。选项D说的也正是这个意思,故为正确选项。  4.C细节题。意为:教授和学生之间的关系是严格地“一对一的”,而这不符合作者意图,参见原文末段,individuality并不是意指严格地“一对一”。  5.A细节题。注意本题与上题的区别,上一题问及远程教育对公司的好处,本题则是远程教育对职工,也就是个人的好处。同样依据文章最后一段,agooddistancelearningprogramhasaplacenotonlyfortheindividualstudentbutalsothecorporationorbusinessthatwantstoworkinpartnershipwiththeiremployeesfortheeducationalbenefit,professionaldevelopment,andbusinessgrowthoftheorganization.远程教育可以帮助雇员提高教育素质和职业技能从而促使事业的发展,正确选项为A。  参考译文  现在,那些想继续接受教育的人,都面临着许多选择。然而,几乎所有的人都会中断事业去参加学校的全日制课程。  函授教育是晚间或一个月的每个周末去学校上课,这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长,并且很多人难于完成这种学位。而且,这种课程有固定的时间,这也对参加者的工作和生活带来一定的负面影响。  在关于教学的众多方法中,远程教育或许是最方便,最具灵活性的了。远程教育允许学生根据自己的进度灵活变通地进行学习,直到达到教学要求的目标。这种教育方法在现代世界中是十分必要的,课程要求的学习时间可以根据个人生活中的其它需要而暂时搁置或另作安排。此外,学生在工作的同时就可以在世界上的任何地方学习远程教育的课程。教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行。  良好的远程教育计划以每一科目都具有课程评估方法为特征。  这样就省去了学生必须从家跑到学校参加考试的麻烦。另一个特征是远程教育课程所采用的学习资料与在校生的学习资料是一样的。无论参加的是远程教育还是学校教育,学生所取得的文凭与学位都是一样的。还有一个特征是,教授与学生的关系是一对一的。从最后的分析中可以看到,一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对学生个人有好处,而且对公司或商业机构来说也是意义重大,它可以帮助雇员提高教育素质,职业技能从而促进事业发展。因此,支持雇员参加远程教育课程会使公司具备一种优势,那就是拥有一批有职业头脑并为个人和职业发展不断进步的员工。  第一篇 人文篇Passage8

16  Passage8建议用时:6.5分钟From:To:  OneofthemostinterestingparadoxesinAmericatodayisthatHarvardUniversity,theoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates,isnowengagedinaseriousdebateaboutwhatauniversityshouldbe,andwhetheritismeasuringup.  LiketheRomanCatholicChurchandotherancientinstitutions,itisasking-stillinprivateratherthaninpublic-whetheritspastassumptionsaboutfaculty,authority,admissions,coursesofstudy,arereallyrelevanttotheproblemsofthe1990’s.  『ShouldHarvardoranyotheruniversitybeanintellectualsanctuary,apartfromthepoliticalandsocialrevolutionoftheage,orshoulditbealaboratoryforexperimentationwiththesepoliticalandsocialrevolutions;orevenanengineoftherevolution?』①ThisiswhatisbeingdiscussedprivatelyinthebigclapboardhousesoffacultymembersaroundtheHarvardYard.  TheissuewasdefinedbyWaiterLippmann,adistinguishedHarvardgraduate,severalyearsago.“Iftheuniversitiesaretodotheirwork,”hesaid,“theymustbeindependentandtheymustbedisinterested…Theyareplacestowhichmencanturnforjudgementswhichareunbiasedbypartisanshipandspecialinterest.『Obviously,themomenttheuniversitiesfallunderpoliticalcontrol,orunderthecontrolofprivateinterests,orthemomenttheythemselvestakeahandinpoliticsandtheleadershipofgovernment,theirvalueasindependentanddisinterestedsourcesofjudgementisimpaired.”』②  ThisispartoftheargumentthatisgoingonatHarvardtoday.Anotherpartistheargumentofthemilitantandevenmanymoderatestudents:thatauniversityisthekeeperofouridealsandmorals,andshouldnotbe“disinterested”butactivistinbringingthenation’sidealsandactionstogether.  Harvard’smenoftodayseemmoretroubledandlesssureaboutpersonal,politicalandacademicpurposethantheydidatthebeginning.『Theyarenotevenclearabouthowtheyshoulddebateandresolvetheirproblems,buttheyarestrugglingwiththemprivately,andhowtheycomeoutisboundtoinfluenceAmericanuniversityandpoliticallifeinthe1990’s.』③  1.TheissuesinthedebateonHarvard’sgoalsarewhethertheuniversitiesshouldremainindependentofoursocietyanditsproblems,andwhethertheyshould.  A.fightmilitarism  B.overcomethewidespreaddrugdependency  C.takeanactivepartinsolvingsociety’sills  D.supportouroldandestablishedinstitutions  2.Inregardtotheirgoalsandpurposesinlife,theauthorbelievesthatHarvardmenarebecoming.  A.moresureaboutthem  B.lesssureaboutthem  C.morehopefulofreachingasatisfactoryanswer  D.completelydisillusionedaboutever  3.Theword“paradox”inparagraph1is.  A.aparentheticalexpression  B.adifficultpuzzle  C.anabnormalcondition

17  D.aself-contradiction  4.Theword“sanctuary”inparagraph3is.  A.aholyplacededicatedtoacertaingod  B.atempleornunneryofmiddleage  C.acertainplaceyoucanhideinandavoidmishaps  D.anacademyforintelligentpeople  5.Intheauthor’sjudgement,thefermentgoingonatHarvard.  A.isasadsymbolofourgeneralbewilderment  B.willsoonbeover,becausetimesareboundtochange  C.isofinterestmostlytoHarvardmenandtheirfriends  D.willinfluencefuturelifeinAmerica  Vocabulary  1.paradoxn.似非而是的论点;似非而可能是的隽语;自相矛盾的话  2.sanctuaryn.避难所  3.clapboardn.隔板,墙板,桶板  4.distinguishedadj.卓著的,著名的,高贵的  5.partisanshipn.党派性,党派偏见  6.disinterestedadj.无私的  7.impairv.削弱,伤害  8.militantadj.好战的,战斗性的  9.beboundto一定要……  长难句解析  ①【解析】此句由两个并列的句子组成,“apartfrom…”做第一个句子“sanctuary”的补语。  【译文】哈佛或其它一些大学应当是一个智力的避难所,远离当今的政治和社会变革;还应当是政治和社会变革的一块实验基地,或者甚至是革命的一部发动机呢?  ②【解析】两个“themoment”引导的句子做此句的时间状语从句。  【译文】显然,当大学处于政治和私有企业的控制下,或者他们自己从事政治和政府的领导时,他们作为独立和公正判断的价值观将会收到伤害。  ③【解析】这个长句由三个句子组成,“but”引导了一个转折句,“and”引导了一个并列句。beboundto“肯定会,必定”。  【译文】他们甚至不清楚应当怎样讨论和解决他们的问题,但是他们每个人正在奋斗,并且哈佛大学议论的结果必定影响20世纪90年代美国的大学和政治生活。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述哈佛大学正面临的一个重要的争论,即一所大学应当是什么样的,现在的大学是否是符合标准的,哈佛大学应当远离政治和社会,还是作为政治和社会的一块实验田。  1.C细节题。文章第三段实际上已经告诉我们本文要讨论的议题。选项C提到的观点是“大学应该保持独立”这一论点的对立面,属议题范围之内。  2.B细节题。根据文章末段,Harvard’smenoftodayseemmoretroubledandlesssureaboutpersonal,politicalandacademicpurposethantheydidatthebeginning.可知正确选项为B。  3.D词汇题。从第四段我们可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。因此选项D正确。  4.C词汇题。意为:“Sanctuary”

18就是你可躲起来避过灾祸的地方。在中世纪一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充当躲避任何政府惩罚的避难所,所以A、B两项也是与它词义有一点关联的,D关系最小。  5.D观点题。根据文章末尾,andhowtheycomeoutisboundtoinfluenceAmericanuniversityandpoliticallifeinthe1990’s.作者认为在哈佛的争论的结果一定会影响美国的大学和政治生活。本题中的ferment意为“骚动,纷扰”,指的就是文章所说的争论。因此D符合作者的观点。  第一篇 人文篇Passage9  Passage9建议用时:7分钟From:To:  Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyarenaturallysuitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycare-takerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhandmenarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents”.  Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.『Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.』①  Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.  『Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.』②  1.Women’splace,somepeoplethink,istheprotectiveenvironmentofthehomebecause.  A.womencanprovidebettercareforthechildren  B.womenaretooweaktodoanyagriculturalworkatall  C.womenarebiologicallysuitedtodomesticjobs  D.womencannotcompetewithmeninanyfield  2.Accordingtotheauthor,sexroles.

19  A.aresociallydetermined  B.areemotionallyandphysicallydetermined  C.canonlybedeterminedbywhateducationpeopletake  D.arebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined  3.Theauthorpointsoutthattheassignmentsofwomen’srolesinwork.  A.aredeterminedbywhattheyarebettersuitedto  B.growoutoftheirpositioninsidethehome  C.reflectabasicdifferencebetweenmenandwomen  D.aresuitabletothem,butnottomen  4.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewith.  A.certainsociologists’predictionthatwomanarepickingupmoreresponsibilityinthedecadestocome  B.historian’sgeneraldenialofwomen’scontributiontowardshumanthoughts  C.Nietzsche’scontemplationaboutdifferencebetweensexes  D.entrepreneursfavoringparticularsexwhenhiringemployee  5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?  A.Thedivisionofsex-definedrolesiscompletelyunacceptable.  B.Women’srolesinworkistoolimitedatpresent.  C.Inonesociety,menmightperformwhatisconsideredwomen’sdutiesbyanother.  D.Someofthewomen’srolesindomesticdutiescannotbetakenoverbymen.  Vocabulary  1.ideologyn.意识形态,思维方式  2.destinyn.命运,定数  3.domesticadj.家庭的,国内的  4.homemakern.家庭主妇  5.competitiveadj.竞争的,竞争性的  6.elementaryschool小学  7.informaladj.非正式的,不拘礼节的  8.reflectionn.反映,反省,反射  9.ampleadj.充足的,丰富的长难句解析  ①【解析】accordingtotheideology做插入语。  【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别,根据意识形态来说,只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。  ②【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。  【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数,大自然想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献,那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要一方面讲述女人由于在生理上和心理上要比男人脆弱,因此她们适合于做一些具有保护性的工作,另一方面又讲述在社会生活中两性扮演不同的角色最根本的原因并不在他们生理和心理的差别上,而是由人的社会性决定的。  1.C细节题。根据文章第一段Womenaretheweakersex-bothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyarenaturallysuitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.

20由于妇女在生理上和心理上都较男性弱,因此她们最适合做家务事,这样在通常情况下,家庭这个具有保护性的环境就成了妇女的活动空间。因此选项C正确。  2.A细节题。根据文章第三段Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.当然不是两性间最基本的生理和心理差别要求各自在社会生活中扮演不同的角色,而有充足的证据表明性别角色在每个社会都是不同的,性别角色的不同很大程度上是后天习得的。由此我们可以看出性别角色是由人的社会性决定的,因此A正确。  3.B细节题。文章第二段中说Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.妇女受雇做护士、社会工作者、小学教师和秘书等工作,而这些工作不过是妇女家庭角色的延伸。选项B说的也正是这个意思。  4.A推断题。从全文来看,作者可能会同意一些社会学家预测妇女将在未来社会承担重要责任的看法。B项在文中未提到,C项尼采的观点更是这个问题上的众矢之的;D项没有指明具体优先考虑哪个性别,也不合适。  5.A推断题。文章最后作者说,人们相信natureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable既然造物主要求男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献,那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。因此选项A.“按性别确定的角色的划分是完全不能接受的”符合题意,为正确选项。选项B、C、D的内容都在文章中出现过或暗示过,符合文章的意思,对本题来说不构成正确选项。  第一篇 人文篇Passage10  Passage10建议用时:6分钟From:To:  Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusiness,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.  『It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing,butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.』①  Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.  Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.『Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.』②  Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,

21computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.  Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundouttheircomputerhadbeenmisused.『Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggledthemostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.』③Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.  1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.  A.itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday  B.computercrimesaretheoneofmostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions  C.computercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected  D.peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany  2.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat.  A.manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscovered  B.therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem  C.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes  D.mostcomputercriminalswhoarecaughtblametheirbadluck  3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?  A.Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.  B.Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.  C.Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.  D.Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.  4.Theunderlyingreasonforthecomputercriminalstogetrecommendationsheneedsisthat.  A.theyhaveskillsformidablydifficultforotherstomaster  B.theemployersareafraidthattheywouldtakeavengeifpunished  C.theemployersaremuchafraidofbringingthepublicintodisbelieftowardsthemthroughthecriminalswordsinopencourt  D.thosewhocommitcrimesdonotmeanbad  5.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?  A.Withbadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.  B.Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.  C.Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.  D.Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.  Vocabulary  1.reapn.收获  2.getaway逃脱  3.glowingadj.热情洋溢的  4.recommendationn.推荐信  5.statisticsn.统计数字  6.disturbingadj.令人忧虑的  7.keypunchv.打孔

22  8.tipoff泄露  9.transactionn.交易  10.jugglev.玩戏法,篡改  11.confidentialadj.绝密的  12.departv.离开  长难句解析  ①【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成,第一个句子“if”引导条件状语从句,第二个句子中的“evenif”引导递进关系的条件状语从句。  【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么,那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的,但是即使犯罪被发现,这种犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。  ②【解析】“that”引导宾语从句,和“company”一起构成“tippedoff”的双宾语。“tipoff”,“提示,警告”。  【译文】另一种情形,实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。  ③【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。  【译文】他们想到,计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法,他们(公司高层)犹豫了。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现,即使一旦被发现,也不会像其它犯罪一样,被流放或进监狱,反而常常是得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐,从而找到另外一份好工作。  1.B推断题。首先根据第二段可知,A是错误的,因为计算机犯罪不是不能发现的。C“用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚,因为他们不会被发现”,D“利用计算机犯罪的人是应他们公司的要求这样做的”都是错误的,文中没有提到。只有B,“计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题”是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此选B。  2.A推断题。文章的第三段指出,“究竟有多少计算机犯罪,我们没有确切的统计数字,令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的,而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。”这说明A是正确的:没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。  3.D细节题。A是“应该建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律”,B“公司应该对绝密的材料进行严格的控制”,C“公司为了维护其声誉,应该对计算机犯罪严加防范”,文中都没有提到。只有D在文中最后两段中有所表述。公司出于对自己声誉的考虑,往往对计算机犯罪含糊其辞,遮遮掩掩。  4.C细节题。雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。A、B、C、D所说的情形,在现实中都可以出现,但文中提到的只有C项,参见末段。  5.C细节题。答案在文中的倒数第二段中:计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是,他们不仅不会流亡国外,或者自杀或者进监狱,而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐,从而找到另外一份好工作。  参考译文  企业、政府以及金融机构的运作越来越多地被存在于计算内存中的信息所控制。只要够聪明,任何人为了个人目的而修改了这些信息都可以获得丰厚的奖励,更糟的是,许多从事这类活动并被抓住的人却已大摇大摆的逃脱了惩罚。

23  如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么,那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的,但是即使犯罪被发现,犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。  当然,我们没有未被发现的罪犯的统计数字。但是,当我们谈到我们所了解的仅仅是被偶然发现而不是系统监测或其他安全程序发现的罪犯有多少时,我们还是会感到很不安,那些被抓住的计算机罪犯只是意外霉运的牺牲者罢了。  例如,某个打孔操作员抱怨不得不加班为额外的卡片打孔。调查表明,那些额外的卡片是用作非法交易的。另一种情形,实施计算机犯罪的心怀不满的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。  不同于其他(那些必须离开国家,自杀或进监狱的)违法者,计算机罪犯有时可以逃脱惩罚,不仅要求不被控诉而且还索取推荐或其他好处,而他们的要求通常都会得到满足。  为什么会这样呢?因为公司行政人员害怕公众发现他们的计算机被误用从而对两公司造成很坏的公众影响。他们想到,计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法,他们(公司高层)犹豫了。因此,另一个计算机罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了,继续他的罪恶职业。  第一篇 人文篇Passage11  Passage11建议用时:8.5分钟From:To:  DesegregationofhighereducationhasproducedsignificantimprovementsineducationforallAmericans.『Theopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversitiestostudentsofallracialandethnicbackgroundscameaboutonlyastheresultofmanyformsofprolongedstruggleinthecourts,inthestreets,andoncampuses.』①  Theeffortstoopenuphighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksinhistoricallywhiteinstitutionsalsoledtoexpandedopportunitiesforlower-andmiddle-classwhitestudents,especiallyatinstitutionsthatadopted“openadmissions”policiesofacceptingallhighschoolgraduates.Between1960and1981,whilethenumberofblackstudentsbetweentheagesofeighteenandtwenty-fourenrolledincollegeincreasedfrom134,000toover750,000,thenumberofwhitestudentsinthesameagegroupgrewfromjustover2milliontoover6.5million.  In1960morethanone-halfofblacksattendingcollegeswereenrolledathistoricallyblackinstitutions.By1981thatpercentagehaddeclinedtojust18percent.Mostoftheblacksenrolledintraditionallywhiteinstitutions,however,wereattwo-yearcommunitycollegesoratfour-yearpubliccollegesthatwerebecomingorhadalreadybecomepredominantlyblack.  『Desegregationofhighereducationproduceddifficultproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutionsthathadalwaysstruggledundergreathardshiptoprovidehighereducationforblackswhenblackshadbeenbarredfromwhiteinstitutions.』②Historicallyblackinstitutions,however,havecontinuedtoproduceahighpercentageofthemosteducationallyandprofessionallysuccessfulblacksintheUnitedStates.Meanwhile,blacksinpredominantlywhiteinstitutionshaveachievednotableprogress,buttheyhavealsoencounteredvariousproblems.  Collegecompletionratesforyoungblackshaveincreasedsubstantially,buttheyareonlyaboutone-halftherateforyoungwhites.In1981,forexample,11.5percentofblacksagedtwenty-fivetotwenty-nineand21.3percentofwhitesinthatagegrouphadcompletedcollege.  Blackscontinuetobesubstantiallyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessional

24schoolsintheUnitedStates.Duringtheearly1980sblackscomprisedabout6percentofstudentsingraduateschoolandmedicalschoolandabout4percentofalllawschoolstudents.Blacksalsoreceivedabout4percentofalldoctoraldegrees,butoverhalfofthesedegreeswereconferredinonediscipline—education.Ingeneral,sincethecryof“reversediscrimination”wasraisedduringthemiddleofthe1970s,blackprogressinhighereducationhasbeenslowedandperhapsevenreversed.  1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?  A.Desegregationofhighereducationproducedmanydifficultiesforhistoricallyblackinstitutions.  B.Theopeningupofhighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksledtoexpandedopportunitiesforwhitestudentstoo.  C.BlackshavebeenhistoricallyrepressedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.  D.Desegregationofhighereducationhasbroughtmorehighereducationalopportunitiesforblackandwhitestudentsalike.  2.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities?  A.Itcameaboutastheresultofasurgeinthenumberofstudentsenrolledinhigherinstitutions.  B.Itcameaboutastheresultoftime-longresistanceagainstracialdiscriminationagainstblacks.  C.Itcameaboutwhenthecryof“reversediscrimination”wasraised.  D.Itcameaboutwheneffortstoexpandeducationalopportunitiesforlower-andmiddle-classblackpeoplewereintensified.  3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheconsequencesoftheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities?  A.BlackstudentsweresubstantiallyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.  B.Itbroughtasignificantincreaseinthenumberofwhitestudents.  C.Itcreatedthornyproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutions.  D.Thenumberofblackstudentsbetweeneighteentotwenty-fouryearsoldenrolledincollegegreatlyincreased.  4.Afterthedesegregationofhighereducationblackstudentsarestillunlikelyto.  A.getenrolledintraditionallywhitecolleges  B.getenrolledintraditionallyblackinstitutions  C.completecollege  D.getaDoctor’sDegreeinscience  5.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthistoricallyblackinstitutions?  A.Thestudentsinhistoricallyblackinstitutionsarenolongerpredominantlyblackaftertheopeningupofsegregatedinstitutions.  B.Theycreatedmanyproblemsfortheirstudents.  C.Theyachievednotableprogresseventhoughtheywereundergreathardship.  D.Thenumberofhistoricallyblackinstitutionsdroppedinthe1960sand1970s.  Vocabulary  1.desegregationn.对种族隔离的取消

25  2.prolongedadj.长时间的  3.predominantlyadv.主要地  4.barv.阻挡,禁止  5.encounterv.遇到  6.substantiallyadv.在相当程度上,很大地  7.underrepresentedadj.被忽视的  8.conferv.授予,给予  9.reverseadj.反方向的  10.discriminationn.歧视  11.reversev.调转,转向  长难句解析  ①【解析】此句的关键在于理清“tostudentsofallracialandethnicbackgrounds”是用来修饰限定“Theopeningup”的。  【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳,是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上,街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。  ②【解析】此句中“that”引导定语从句,修饰“historicallyblackinstitutions”,“when”作定语从句中的时间状语从句。  【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除,却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦,这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋斗不止。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离制度的废除,这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。  1.D主旨题。文章主题思想是在美国的高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离的废除,这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。A、B、C都是文中提到的内容,但不是中心的内容。  2.B细节题。文章的第一段指出,原先实行种族隔离的高等院校对各个种族学生的开放是受到歧视的有色人种经过在法庭、街道和校园里长期斗争之后的结果。并不是因为入学人数的增加。  3.A推断题。在这样的题型中,有可能A、B、C、D四个选项都是对的,但是有一个不符合因果的联系。在本题中,A是应选的。因为虽然黑人学生在美国的研究生院和特种职业培训的高等院校中受到明显的歧视是个事实,但是它并不是开放高等院校的结果。  4.D细节题。文中曾指明黑人取得博士学位的比率极低,而且大部分是教育学博士。  5.A细节题。在高等院校全部开放以后,传统的黑人院校不再以黑人学生为主。C是错误的。因为尽管传统的黑人院校曾经在历史上培养了不少优秀人才,但是在开放政策实行以后,它们也面临着很多困难,所以谈不上取得了很大的进展。  第一篇 人文篇Passage12  Passage12建议用时:8.5分钟From:To:  IndonesiahasdefendeditsbloodycrackdownonprotestersseekinghighercompensationforlandonBintanIsland,whereSingaporeansholdthelion’sshareofinvestments,reportssaid

26yesterday.“Iamverysadbytheturnofevents,”theheadoftheBintanDistrictAssembly,MrHuzrinHood,wasquotedassayinginSingapore’sStraitsTimesdaily.“Butifnothingwasdone,therewillbeproblemsforBintaninthelongrun.”  Bintan,about50kilometerseastofSingapore,isapopularweekendresortforSingaporeans,whoalsoholdthemajorityofthe$S1.35billion($1.23billion)ininvestmentsthere.Inapre-dawnoperationonSunday,IndonesiantroopsmovedintoquellnearlyaweekofprotestsoutsidetheBintanBeachInternationalResortbyabout200disgruntledvillagers.Atleast13peoplewereinjured,fourofthemseriously,andmorethan70peoplearrestedinthe45-minuteoperation,accordingtotheStraitsTimes.Threeoftheinjuredweresaidtohavegunshotwoundsinthechestandstomach.ThereportsaidthearrestedwereblindfoldedandtiedupbeforebeingputintoaspeedboatandbroughttoapolicestationinTanjungPinang,southofBintanisland.Eightof12studentleadersfightingforthevillagers’rightswerealsoheldintheoperation.  ThevillagershadsetupablockadeandcampedataroadleadingtotheBintanBeachInternationalResort,demandingadditionalcompensationforthelandtheysoldfortheresortandanindustrialestatemanagedbyaunitofSingaporeconglomerateSembCorpIndustriesLtd.Armedwithknivesandspears,theyhadlastweekseizedapowerplantoftheBintanIndustrialEstate,severingelectricityandwatersupplytothe27factoriesthere.Theylefttheplantafterbeinggivenassurancestheirdemandswouldbelookedinto.  Indonesia’sPresidentAbdurrahmanWahidhadcancelledatthelastminuteaplannedmeetingyesterdaywithrepresentativesoftheprotesters,whodeclinedtorelent.Singapore’sPrimeMinister,Mr.GohChokTong,alsoexpressedregretovertheprotestsandappealedtoIndonesiatoprotectforeigninvestorsinBintan.『Mr.HoodsaidtheIndonesianGovernmenthadnochoicebuttoact,becausethevillagerskeptonrejectingitsproposalsforanendtotheblockade.』①HewouldgotoJakartathisweektomeetseniorcentralGovernmentofficialstohelpresolvetheproblemsfacedbythevillagers,hesaid.“Therearemanyofthemstilloutthere,andiftheyarestillunhappytheycancauseproblemsforBintaninthefuture.”  1.Whatisthetopicofthispassage,accordingtothepassage?  A.IndonesiavillagersattackedtheBintanDistrictAssembly.  B.Indonesiagovernmentdefendedit’sprotesterswhosoughthighercompensationforlandonBintanislandfromSingapore.  C.IndonesiadefendeditsbloodycrackdownonprotestersseekinghighercompensationforlandonBintanIsland.  D.IndonesiagovernmentdefendsitsvillagerscrackeddownbySingapore.  2.Bintanis.  A.apopularweekendresortforSingaporeans  B.anislandwhereSingaporeanholdthemajorityofthe$1.23billioninvestment  C.aplacewhereIndonesiacrackeddownprotestersseekingmorecompensation  D.alloftheabove  3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueaboutthecrackdowninBintan?  A.IndonesiantroopsquelledtheprotestersoutsidetheBintanBeachinternationalResortbyabout200villagers.  B.Atleast13peoplewereinjured,butnodeathsofar.  C.Eightof12studentleadersfightingforthevillagers’rightswerealsoinjuredintheoperation.

27  D.ThevillagersdemandadditionalcompensationforthelandtheysoldfortheresortandanindustrialestatemanagedbyaunitofSingaporeconglomerateSembCorpIndustrialsLtd.  4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobableresult?  A.Thevillagers’requestwasfinallyfulfilled.  B.TheSingaporeansweredrivenoutandeverythingwassettled.  C.Thevillagerswasgivenalittlemoremoneyandwarnednottomakeanymoredisturbance,theyhavenochoicebuttosubmit.  D.Moreprotestbrokeoutandevolvedintoarevolution.  5.Fromthelastpartofthepassageweknow.  A.therepresentativesdeclinedtorelentafterthemeetingwithPresidentWahid  B.Singapore’sPrimeMinisterexpressedregretovertheprotestersandappealedtoIndonesiatoprotectforeigninvestorsinthecountry  C.headoftheBintanDistrictAssemblewillmeetseniorcentralSingaporegovernmentofficialstodealwiththeproblemsfacedbythevillagers  D.manyprotestersarestillkeepingontheiractinBintan  Vocabulary  1.disgruntledadj.不满的;不高兴的  2.blindfoldn.眼罩;障眼物  vt.遮眼;蒙骗  adj.看不清的;盲目的  3.blockaden.阻塞  vt.封锁  4.relentvi.发慈悲,动怜悯的  长难句解析  ①【解析】“havenochoicebuttodo…”意为“没有别的选择,只能……”。  【译文】Hood先生说印度尼西亚政府别无选择只能采取行动,因为村民仍然拒绝结束封锁。  答案与详解  【短文大意】本文是一篇新闻稿,报道的是发生在印度尼西亚的一个冲突事件。印尼的Bintan岛是与新加坡东部毗邻的一个岛,有很多来自新加坡的投资商,也是新加坡人周末度假的胜地。当地居民为获得更高的土地补偿,在向政府抗议时发生流血冲突。该事件如果不得到妥善解决,很可能会引起社会的不稳定。  1.C主旨题。印尼的Bintan岛居民要求获得对其卖出土地的更多赔偿,官方派部队镇压抗议群众,造成流血事件。第二、四项说新加坡政府的镇压和要求新加坡政府赔偿都是错误的,第一项当地居民袭击地区议会也是不正确的。  2.D细节题。对于Bintan岛的叙述,几项均正确。这是新加坡东部毗邻的一个岛,是新加坡人周末度假的胜地,但最近发生流血事件,居民抗议活动遭到镇压。见原文。  3.C细节题。文中提及12名学生领袖中的8名被捕,是否受伤并未提及,故选此项。第一、二项符合文意,第四项不属于冲突事件的结果,所以排除选择的可能性。  4.C推断题。从这段文章中可以看出,政府关心的并不是岛上居民的利益,而是保证国外投资和岛的长期发展?因此A、B是不可能出现的,而从岛上居民从前那些反抗的结局来看,D项基本上也是不现实的,最可能的就是他们得到了一点点钱,放弃了更多的努力。

28  5.D推断题。从文中最后一句也可以判断仍有村民继续抗议,其他几项均有错。第一项瓦希德总统在最后一分钟取消了预计的会议,因为抗议者声势已减弱了。第二项是保护该岛的新加坡投资商而不是全国范围。第三项应是与印尼政府高级官员商谈,非新加坡政府官员。  第一篇 人文篇Passage13  Passage13建议用时:8.5分钟From:To:  PresidentClintonmetwithleadersofsomemajorU.S.high-techcompaniesonThursdaytoenlisttheirsupportinanuphillbattletosecureCongress’blessingforalandmarktradeagreementwithChina.WhiteHousespokesmanJoeLockhartsaidClintonstoppedintotalktoseveraloftheindustry’stopexecutiveswhiletheywereattheWhiteHousefortalkswithChiefofStaffJohnPodesta.“Thepresident’smainfocusofhiscommentstothegroupwastheimportanceof,earlythisyear,gettingNTR(normaltraderelations)onChinaworkedthrough,”Lockhartsaid.Clintondiscussed『“theimportancenotonlytotheirparticularbusinesses,whichisclearlyimportant,butalsototheAmericaneconomyandtotheideathatwecancontinuethisprosperity,wecancontinuethiseconomicexpansion,”』①Lockhartsaid.  TheindustryexecutiveswhometwithClintonandPodestaincludedCiscoSystems(NasdaqNM:CSCO-news)CEOJohnChambers;DellComputerCorp.(NasdaqNM:DELL-news)CEOMichaelDell;IntelCorp.(NasdaqNM:INTC-news)ChairmanAndrewGrove;CompaqComputerCorp.(NYSE:CPQ-news)CEOMikeCapella;Hewlett-Packard(NYSE:HWP-news)CEOCarlyFiornia;NCRCorp.(NYSE:NCR-news)CEOLarsNyberg;andSiliconGraphicsInc.(NYSE:SGI-news)ChairmanandCEORobertBishop.  『TheWhiteHousehassaidClintonandhiscabinetwouldlaunchamajorcampaigntoconvinceCongresstoapprovepermanentNTRstatusforChina,whichwouldclearthewayforChinatojointheWorldTradeOrganization.』②U.S.CommerceSecretaryWilliamDaleysaidonWednesdayitwascriticalthatCongressvotesoononthetradeagreement,warningtheNovemberelectioncouldjeopardizeitschanceofpassage.Thetradeagreement,hammeredoutlastNovemberafteryearsofnegotiation,callsforChinatoslashtariffsandotherbarriersinawiderangeofmarkets,fromagricultureandautomobilestotelecommunications.Theagreementisbackedbybigbusinessandfree-tradeRepublicans,butisunderfirefromlaborunionleadersandmanyoftheirDemocraticalliesinCongress,whoseemoretradewithChinaasathreattoU.S.jobs.  InreturnforChinaopeningitsmarkets,CongressmustgrantBeijingpermanentNTRstatusanddoawaywithitsannualreviewprocess.ThatprocesshasbecomeincreasinglycontroversialwithlawmakersoftenspeakingoutagainstChina’shumanrightsrecordandrecentlyonallegationsthatChinastoleU.S.nuclearsecrets.AWhiteHouseofficialsaidthehigh-techexecutivesalsodiscussedthe“digitaldivide”—thegrowingdivisionintheUnitedStatesbetweenthosewitheasyaccesstotheInternetandthosewithout—intheirtalkswithPodesta.“BoththeadministrationandtheCEOssaiditwasaverypositivemeeting,”hesaid.“Bothsidespledgedtoworktogether.”  1.Whatdoes“blessing”meaninthecontext?  A.AnactofaskingorreceivingGod’sfavor,helporprotection.

29  B.AgiftfromGod;somethingoneisgladof.  C.Approval;encouragement.  D.Somethingnotverypleasant,whichhoweverisreallyagoodthingafterall.  2.Theimportanceof“gettingnormaltraderelationsonChinaworkedthrough”is.  A.thenormaltraderelationswithChinaisimportanttotheAmericaneconomy  B.thenormaltraderelationswithChinaisimportanttotheideathattheUScancontinueitsprosperityanditseconomyexpansion  C.thenormaltraderelationswithChinaisimportanttothebigbusinessesandtrade  D.alloftheabove  3.Whichofthefollowingarethetwosidesthatwerepresentatthemeeting?  A.Clinton,PresidenttheUS-CiscoSystems;DellcomputerCorp;IntelCorp;CompaqComputerCorp;Hewlett;NCRCorp;SiliconGraphicsInc.  B.ClintonandPodesta-leadersofsomemajorU.S.high-techcompanies.  C.Clinton,Podesta,JoeLockhart-CiscosystemsCEO;DellComputerCorpCEO;IntelCorpChairman;CompaycomputerCorpCEO;Hewlett-PackardCEO;NCRCorpCEO;SiliconGraphicsInc,ChairmanandCEO.  D.Podesta-JohnChambers;MichaelDell;AndrewGrove;MikeCapella;CarlyFiornia;LarsNyberg;RobertBishop.  4.Thereasonforlaborunion’sdisapprovaltoNTRstatusforChinaisprobably.  A.outofpoliticalconsideration  B.forthefearthatChina’slowlaborcostmaycausemoreunemploymentinAmerica.  C.unreasonableandridiculous  D.forthefearofmorebusinessconflictbetweenAmericaandChinaaspartners  5.Whatconclusioncanwedrawaboutthemeeting,accordingtothepassage?  A.Itwasapositivemeetingandbothsidesarewillingtoworktogetheronthelandmarktradeagreement.  B.Thetradeagreementisbackedbybigbusinessandfree-tradeRepublicans,butthelaborunionleadersandmanyoftheirDemocraticalliesinCongressareagainstit.  C.Thehigh-techexecutivesdiscussedthe“digitaldivide”-thegrowingdivisionintheUnitedStatesbetweenthosewitheasyaccesstotheInternetandthosewithout.  D.ClintonandhiscabinetwouldlaunchamajorcampaigntoconvincecongresstoapprovepermanentNTRstatusforChina.  Vocabulary  1.execn.execute的简写;执行;运行  2.enlistvt.征募;参与;谋取  vi.从军;应募;赞助  3.uphilladj.上坡的;向上的  adv.上坡地;向上地  4.jeopardizevt.危害;使受危困;使陷危地  5.slashvt.vi.猛砍;乱砍  n.猛砍;乱砍  n.斜杠  6.tariffn.关税;关税表;价格表;收费表  vt.征收关税

30  7.controversialadj.争论的;论争的;被议论的  8.allegationn.指控;硬说;断言;主张;陈述;辩护;理由  9.digitaln.数字;数字式  adj.数位的;数字的  10.pledgen.保证;誓言;抵押  vt.保证;使发誓;抵押;典当;举杯祝……健康  11.positiveadj.确实的;明确的;积极的;肯定的;  长难句解析  ①【解析】“notonly…butalso”译为“不仅……而且……”  【译文】不仅仅是对他们的某些生意非常重要,当然这点是显而易见的,而且对美国的经济和我们能够持续繁荣,我们可以继续经济扩张的理念也很重要。  ②【解析】“which…”引导的一个定语从句修饰“status”,“cleartheway”译为“扫清道路”。  【译文】白宫方面说,克林顿和他的内阁将发起一个大型运动来说服国会通过对中国的永久正常贸易关系地位,这将扫清中国加入世界贸易组织的障碍。  答案与详解  【短文大意】文章主要讲的是美国总统克林顿召集全美几家主要高科技公司首脑商谈,要求获得他们的支持以保证十一月份与中国签署贸易协定时能得到国会的批准。  1.C词汇题。阅读全文可知,克林顿总统召集全美几家主要的高科技公司首脑商谈的主要目的是获得他们的支持以保证十一月份与中国签署贸易协定通过国会的批准。所以blessing这个词应是批准的意思。在新闻类文章中常常使用一些非正式的语言,或者是口语、俚语、俗语甚至随意复合新词,以吸引读者,所以在阅读此类文章时要注意一些词的特殊用法,否则容易引起误解文章的意思。第一项是指祝福、祈福;第二项是赐福、恩赐,可喜之事,第四项应为ablessingindisguise,祸中得福,塞翁失马焉知非福。  2.D细节题。恢复与中国的贸易关系对美国的经济发展具有重要的意义,特别是对大公司企业的产品出口,占领国外市场都具有特殊的意义。克林顿总统说这对于美国继续保持繁荣,经济增长的梦想是非常重要的,所以三项都应选。  3.B细节题。此题很简单,但必须要仔细。其实有一部分试题不在于考考生的推理分析能力,而是在考查从文章中获取信息的能力以及掌握信息的速度和准确率,此题就是一个例子。考生应在这方面多作些训练,根据文章,会谈双方应选B。  4.B推断题。由文中第三段末可知,工会对给中国贸易通常贸易伙伴关系主要是害怕造成过分的本土失业。因为中国的人力成本对国外企业是有相当吸引力的。  5.A推断题。从文中我们可以推测,总统及内阁和高科技公司将共同努力,支持与中国恢复正常贸易伙伴关系,因为对于大的商业和贸易公司来说,这将带来更多的利润和机会。其他几项已经是既成事实,所以不必推测,不符题意,故排除。  第一篇 人文篇Passage14  Passage14建议用时:6分钟From:To:  Whenschoolwasout,Ihurriedtofindmysisterandgetoutoftheschoolyardbeforeseeinganybodyinmyclass.ButBarbaraandherfriends,hadbeatenustotheplaygroundentrance

31andtheyseemedtobewaitingforus.Barbarasaid,“Sonowyou’reintheAclass.”  Shesoundedimpressed.  “What’stheAclass?”Iasked.  Everybodymadesuperioryetfaintlyenviousgigglingsounds.“Well,whydidyouthinktheteachermovedyoutothefrontoftheroom,dopey?Didn’tyouknowyouwereintheCclassbefore,wayinthebackoftheroom?”  OfcourseIhadn’tknown.『TheWenatcheefifthgradewasbiggerthanmywholeschoolwhichhadbeeninNorthDakota,andtheideaofsubdivisionswithinagradehadneveroccurredtome.』①ThesubdividingforthefirstmarkingperiodhadbeendonebeforeIcametotheschool,andlhadnever,inthesixweeksI’dbeenthere,talkedtoanyonelongenoughtofindoutabouttheA,B,andCclasses.  IstillcouldnotunderstandwhythathadmadesuchadifferencetoBarbaraandherfriends.Ididn’tyetknowthatitwasshamefulanddirtytobeatransientlaborerandridiculoustobefromNorthDakota.Ithoughtlivinginatentwasmorefunthanlivinginahouse.  Ididn’tknowthatweweregypsies,really(howthatthoughtwouldhaveexcitedmethen!),andthatwewereregardedwiththesuspicionfeltbythosewhoplanttowardthosewhodonotplant.Itdidn’toccurtomethatwewerealllookeduponasonemoreoftheuntrustworthynaturalphenomena,driftinghereandtherelikemistsorwinds,Ididn’tknowthatIwastheonlychildwhohadcampedontheBaumann’slandevertogetoutoftheCclass.Ididn’tknowthatschooladministratorsandcivicleadersheldconferencestotalkabouttheproblemoftransientlaborers.  IonlyknewthatfortwohappydaysIwalkedtoschoolwithBarbaraandherfriends,playedhopscotchandjumpedropewiththematclassintervals,andwaseveninvitedintothehouseforsomegingerale—astrangedrinkIhadnevertastedbefore.  1.Thetoneofthispassageasawholeis.  A.reflectiveB.enthusiastic  C.impersonalD.defensive  2.ThenarratorhadmostprobablybeenplacedintheCclassbecause.  A.shewasapoorreader  B.shehadcomefromasmallschool  C.themarkingsystemconfusedher  D.allchildrenoftransientlaborerswereplacedintheCclass  3.Thebasicreasonwhythepeopleinthecommunitydistrustedthetransientworkerswasthatthetransientworkers.  A.tendedtobelawbreakersB.hadlittleschooling  C.wereafraidofstrangersD.weretemporaryresidents  4.WhichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofGypsies?  A.Wanderingaroundtheworld.  B.Makegingeraleintheirhouse.  C.Neverplantsomething.  D.Hadbeenforeignerswherevertheygo.  5.ImmediatelyafterthenarratorwasmovedtotheAclass,whatwastheattitudeofBarbaraandBarbara’sfriendstowardsher?  A.DislikeB.Acceptance

32  C.ApologyD.Jealousy  Vocabulary  1.enviousadj.嫉妒的  2.gigglingn.傻笑  3.subdivisionn.细分  4.transientadj.短暂的  5.mistn.薄雾  6.hopscotchn.跳房子游戏  长难句解析  ①【解析】and连接两个并列的句子。第一个分句中含有than引导的比较状语从句,注意主从句中时态的不同。occurto译为“想到,想起”。  【译文】Wenatchee的五年级比我以前在Dakota北部的学校规模还要大,在一个年级内分班这是我以前从未想到过的。  答案与详解  【短文大意】在文章中作者回顾了她童年时从低级班升入高级班的往事及这件事给她带来的感受。  1.A主旨题。reflective在此意为:回顾的。在这个问题中tone意为:语气、心情。纵观全文,我们可以看出,叙述者是在回忆她童年时发生的一件事(第一、二、三、四段)及这件事的发生所给她带来的感受(第四、五段)。impersonal意为:不涉及个人情感的,客观的。defensive意为:辩护的,申辩的。这里并非是作者因受到指责而为自己辩护,本文主要谈的是人与人之间的歧视给作者当时幼小心灵带来的困惑。  2.D细节题。在文章第五段第六句,本文叙述者告诉我们,在所有生活在Baumann这个地方帐篷里的孩子中,她是迄今为止(ever)从C班(低级班)升入A班(高级班)唯一的一个孩子。而生活在那里的人无固定工作,被称作“无固定工作者”(transientlaborer,见本段第三句与第七句)。C意为:记分体制(或方法)使之困惑。  3.D推断题。文章第四、五段指出,当地的人(农民:thosewhoplant)用怀疑的眼光(withthesuspicion)来看待他们,因为,他们住帐篷,“没有固定职业,像吉普赛人(gypsies:这里并非真指吉普赛人,而是指他们的生活方式像吉普赛人)一样游移不定,四海漂泊(driftinghereandtherelikemistsorwinds)。A意为:很可能成为违法分子;B意为:受过很少教育。”  4.B推断题。吉普赛人住帐篷,没什么房子,因而也不会在房子里做gingerale。另外三项都是他们的生活特色。  5.B推断题。答对题的关键是准确地理解这个题。这个题提问的焦点是:叙述者刚刚升入A班后(Immediatelyafter…Aclass),Barbara及其朋友对她是什么态度,而不是后来。仔细审视一下本题,我们就会得出这样一个结论:在叙述者介入A班后,Barbara等起初是一种态度,尔后,她们改变了这种态度。从原文第四段第三句我们了解到:叙述者与Barbara等在那个学校上学至少有六个星期了,只是不知道A、B、C班的分班基础。同时,在文章最后一段,我们了解到:叙述者与Barbara等至少共度了两天的快乐时光,如,课间(atclassintervals)一起玩,到她们家做客等。很明显,这两天说的是叙述者刚刚升入A班。  

33第一篇 人文篇Passage15  Passage15建议用时:7.5分钟From:To:  AldousHuxleywasamostunfortunateman.Whenhediedin1963hemusthaveexpiredintheconfidentbeliefthattheeventwouldbegivenwidecoverageinthepressthenextday.Afterall,hiscareerhadnotbeenwithoutdistinction.WherehemadehisbigmistakewasindyingonthesamedaythatJohnF.Kennedywasassassinated.AsaresultHuxleygotaboutthreecolumninchesatthebottomofpage27.  InthesamewaythedeathofVictorFarrishasgonewidelyunnoticedbecausehefoolishlyshuffledoffthismortalcoilatthesametimeasMr.KonstantinChernenko.Now,asyouallknow,VictorFarriswasthechapwhoinventedthepaperclip.Thepapermilkcartontoo.AndpaperclipsandmilkcartonswillbeinuselongaftereveryonehasforgottenthenameofthecomradewhocamebetweenAndropovandwhateverthisnewblokeiscalled.  『ThesamegoesfortheinventorofthesupermarkettrolleywhodiedinSwitzerlandafewmonthsago.』①Felloffhistrolley,sotospeak.『ForallIknow,hemaybeahouseholdnameinhisowncantonandtheyareputtingupastatueofhomewheelinghistrolley,andaregoingtocommemoratehimononeofthoseever-so-tastefulSwisspostagestampsweusedtocollectwhenwewereyoungerandwiser,』②butIdoubtifhisnamewillberememberedoutsidethebordersofhissmallcountry.PersonallyIforgotitwithinminutesofreadingofhisdecease.  Notthatitmatters.Somehowitishardtoimaginethingslikepaperclipsandsupermarkettrolleyshavinghadanamedinventor.It’slikediscoveringthatataparticularmomentofhistoryaparticularpersoninventedthespoon,orthechair,orsocks.Oneassumesthattheseeverydayobjectsjusthappened,orevolvedthroughnaturalselection.  Itisn’tnecessarilyso.IreadonlytheotherdaythatRichardⅡinventedthehandkerchief.AlmosteverythingelsewasinventedeitherbyLeonardodaVinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,andprobablyspoons,socksandtheRubikcubeaswell)orbyBenjaminFranklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)orelsebyJosephStalin(television).  It’squitepossiblethatLeonardoorBenjaminFranklinorStalinalsoinventedthesupermarkettrolley.Certainlyithasbeeninventedmorethanonce.HardlywasHerrEdelweiss(orwhatevertheSwisschapwascalled)inhisgrave,thannewscameofthedeathofSylvanN.Goodmanattheageof86.Sylvanalsoinventedthesupermarkettrolleyor,astheLosAngelesTimesreportcallsit,theshoppingcart.  Bethatasitmay,HerrEdelweissorSylvanGoodman,orboth,didagrandjobandmadesupermarketshoppingfarlesshellishthanitwouldotherwisebe.Thenextstepwillbetogetthetrolleysoutoftheshopsandintothestreets.Youcouldputanengineinthefrontandcallitacar.Orgiveitbigwheelsandacanopyandcallitapram.Thepossibilitiesareendless.  1.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHerrEdelweiss.  A.wasrememberedbythepeoplealloverworld  B.madealotofmoneyfromhisinvention  C.wasnotveryfamous  D.wasabusinesspartnerofSylvanGoodman  2.Theauthorwritesthisarticleinordertoillustratethat.  A.thenamesofthepeoplewhoinventedthemostusefulthingsareusuallyforgotten  B.everydayobjectsareinventedandevolvethroughnaturalselection

34  C.manyeverydayobjectsareinventedmorethanonce  D.manyfamouspeoplehavepassedawaywithoutbeingnoticed  3.Whoprobablyinventedspoons?  A.LeonardodaVinci.B.BenjaminFranklin.  C.VictorFarris.D.Apersonunknown.  4.BystatingthatLeonardodaVinciinventedhelicopters,theauthormeans.  A.hereallydidit  B.heisamilitaryscientist  C.hepaintedinoneofhismasterpiecesahelicopters  D.peopleturntoascribeinventionstohimbuttheyarewrong  5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAldousHuxley?  A.Hisdeathwasnotreportedbythepress.  B.Hewasafamousinventor.  C.Hemadeaverybigmistakeinhislateyears.  D.HediedonthesamedayasJohnF.Kenneddy.  Vocabulary  1.canopyn.天篷  2.pramn.婴儿车  长难句解析  ①【解析】“thesamegoes”解析为同样的事情也发生,例:Thesamegoesforourclassmates.同样的事情也发生在我的同学身上。who引导的定语从句修饰inventor。  【译文】同样的事情也发生在超市手推车发明者的身上,他就在几个月以前死于瑞士。  ②【解析】ahouseholdname应译为“家喻户晓的名字”,2个“and”连接3个并列句。“forallIknow”作插入语,译为“据我所知”。  【译文】据我所知,在他的家乡他的名字家喻户晓,人们甚至为纪念他的手推车为他造了塑像,还将他印在了我们曾经收集过的非常有意义的瑞士邮票上了。  答案与详解  【短文大意】正是由于发明家们的伟大作品,我们的生活才得以更加美好,但是,由于各种原因,他们的名字却并不为人们熟知。生活中有许多看似平常的东西其实都是发明家的杰作。  1.C推断题。虽然文中第三段对他进行了详细的介绍,但是直到第六段才第一次出现HerrEdelweiss这个名字,根据上下文可以看出他是瑞士人,刚刚去世。因为他发明了supermarkettrolley,在他的家乡人们以塑像和发行邮票的方式纪念他,但即便如此作者怀疑ifhisnamewillberememberedoutsidethebordersofhissmallcountry,而作者自己也在几分钟后忘掉了他的名字。由此可以推断出HerrEdelweisswasnotveryfamous。Edelweiss并不是SylvanGoodman的商业伙伴,但他们都发明了超级市场的手推车。  2.A主旨题。作者在文中提到了几位人们所不熟悉的发明家,如VictorFarris,HerrEdelweiss,和sylvanGoodman,他们发明了像paperclips,milkcartons,和supermarkettrolleys等非常有用的日常物品,但是他们的名字常常不为人所知;人们更不曾记得是谁发明了scissors,bicycles,spoons...,因此文章的主旨是称赞那些默默无闻的发明家,A是最佳选项。  3.D推断题。本题的关键是对文中第五段第三句的理解,不能按照字面意思理解成LeonardodaVinci发明了剪子、自行车、直升飞机、勺子、袜子和骰子,本杰明·

35富兰克林发明了避雷针、摇椅和两用眼镜,斯大林发明了电视机,作者的本意是说人们只记得一些著名人物,却根本不知道是谁发明了这些重要的日常用品。  4.D细节题。达芬奇不可能发明直升飞机。答案应为D。人们只是喜欢把他想像成发明了很多东西的人.  5.D推断题。从文中第一段我们可以得知AldousHuxley很有名(hiscareerhadnotbeenwithoutdistinction),但文中并没说他是个发明家;他的不幸之处是dyingonthesamedaythatJohnF.Kennedywasassassinated,报纸以大量篇幅报道肯尼迪遇刺,Huxley的死讯只出现在报纸第27版的末尾部分,因此D为正确选项。  =TXT版本编辑制作TurboZV,更新消息请访问www.turbozv.com=

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